캬웕톶 微캢电뗧子ퟓ学톧均폫计볆算쯣机206 믺?2?∞??5?年쓪第뗚?22?卷뻭第뗚6?웚期??ML?D?协킭议틩与폫P?I??M-ꆪ删??协킭议틩实쪵现쿖?I?Pv?6?组ퟩ播능?朱훬秀탣峰럥l?钱잮华뮪林쇖?l닱柴政헾?2??(?1훐中맺国뿆科톧学풺院볆计쯣算믺机网췸络싧信탅息쾢中훐心탄，ꎬ北놱京뺩?H?削???80?)?(??2西컷南쓏붻交춨通듳大톧学볆计쯣算믺机폫与춨通탅信릤工돌程톧学풺院ꎬ，쯄四뒨川돉成뚼都?刷??刷??刷???햪摘?要튪:ꎺ?文컄章헂主훷要튪介뷩绍짜I?P?v??6级ퟩ능播的뗄原풭샭理机믺制훆，ꎬ当떱前잰用폃于폚实쪵现쿖I??Pv??6级ퟩ播능的뗄两솽个룶暴믹本놾协킭议틩?ML?D?协킭议틩与폫P??I?Mꆪ-?S?M协킭?议틩，ꎬ以틔及벰?ML??D协킭议틩与폫?P?I?M叩ꆪS??M协킭议틩之횮间볤的J뗄i뮥.닙操ퟷ作oꆣ问춬时쪱뮹还详쿪细쾸描쏨述쫶了쇋组ퟩ播능共릲享쿭树쫷和뫍最ퟮ短뛌路슷径뺶树쫷的뗄建붨立솢过맽程돌。ꆣ?맘关键볼询듊ꎺ?IP?v?6?ퟩt且播능，ꎬ?ML??D协킭议틩，ꎬ?P?I?Mꆪ叩?S?M协킭议틩，ꎬ릲共쿭享쫷树，ꎬퟮ最뛌短슷路径뺶树쫷?中훐圈춼法램分럖类샠号뫅:ꎺ?TPTP?3?93?.ꎮ0?1? 文컄献쿗标뇪i쪶只싫码:ꎺA??文컄章헂编뇠号뫅:ꎺ1?仪???胁??71??8?0?(?2?ω?5?)?0?6?叫ꆪ?20??6ꆪ叫?04??U?s?e? ??ML?D? ?????????????????????????????????????????and PIl\ιSM to Accomplish IPv6 Multicast Z?H?U? ?X? ?u? ꆤf?e?n?g??l,ꎬ Q??IA?N? ?H?u?a?-ꆤl?in??l,ꎬ C?H?A?I? ??Zh?e?n?g?2? ?(?1? C??o?m?p?u?t?e?r? ?N?e?tw?o??rk?? I?n??f?on?n?a?ti?on?? C?e??n?t?e?r,ꎬ C?h??i?ne?s??e? ?A?c?a?de?m?y?? ?o?f? Sc??ie?n?c?e?s?,ꎬ ?B?e?ij?in?g? ?1?α?)?(?)?8?0 )? ?(2?? C??o?m?p?u?t?e?r? ?Sc?ie??nc?e? ??a?n?d? ?C?o?m?m?u?n?i?c?a?ti?on? ?E??ng??in??ee?r?i?ng?,ꎬ S??o?u?th?w??e?s?t ?J?i?ao??to??ng?? U??n?i?v?e?rs?i?ty?,ꎬ ?C?he?n??gd??u ??6仪??灿??36??C??h?i?n?a)? ????????ꎺ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????ꎬ???????????????????????????????????????Abs衍act:啊lÎspaper mainly describes the principle of lPv6 multicωting， the two basic protocols used currently ωac嗣c?o??m?pl?i?sh? ?I??P?v6?? m?u??l?ti?c?ast?i?ng?? ?M?LD? ??and? ?P?I??M叫ꆪS??Mꎬ，出??e??in??te?r??a?ct?io??n?s? b??et?w?e?en?? ?M?LD?? ?and?? P?I?M?.? .S?M?ꎬ, t?h?e? ?pr?o??ce?s??se?s?? o??f? ?ho?w? ??ω? ??????????????????????????????????????????ꎮ?build a shared tree and a shortest叫pathtree. K?e?y?? w??o?r?d?s:ꎺ I?P?v??6? ?m?u?l?ti?c?ast?i?ng?,ꎬ ?M?LD?,ꎬ ?PI?M??-S?M?,ꎬ ?Sh?a?r?叫??仿??制?，?ꎬS?h?o?r?te?s?t??叫?pa?t??h??加??e??1?引틽|퇔言?랢发边쯍的뗄相쿠同춬的뗄数쫽据뻝拷뾽贝놴，ꎬ늢并쟒且횻只폐有ퟩ组능播ퟩ组成돉员풱可뿉以틔?쿖퓚ꎬ??ꆢꎬ?ꆾ??1现在，IPv6(1，2?벼技术쫵日틑处뒦于폚部늿署쫰阶뷗段뛎。ꆣ许탭多뛠网췸络싧?뷓接收쫕此듋数쫽据뻝，ꎬ췸网싧络훐中웤其쯼它훷主믺机不늻能쓜收쫕到떽Oꆣ?设짨备놸都뚼支횧持돖I??P吨??，ꎬ늢并쟒且튻一킩些췸网싧络쳡提릩供짌商已틑뺭经开뾪始쪼提쳡?컒我们쏇举뻙一튻个룶简볲单떥的뗄例샽子ퟓ(?如죧图춼1?)?ꆣ。닉采폃用떥单능播传뒫?供릩商짌用폃的뗄?I?P?v?6服럾务컱。ꆣ然좻而뛸在퓚?I?P?吨?的뗄许탭多뛠领쇬域폲仍죔然좻?输쫤，ꎬ뛔对폚于풴源살来쮵说ꎬ，쯼它폫与쎿每튻一룶个뷓接쫕收헟者횮之볤间뚼都탨需要튪建붨?탨需要튪进뷸行탐反랴策뢴的뗄实쪵验퇩与폫研퇐究뺿。ꆣ比뇈如죧说쮵?I?P?v?6下쿂的뗄组ퟩ?立솢一튻条쳵连솬接뷓。ꆣ如죧果맻二죽三룶个뷓接쫕收헟者뚼都튪要듓从풴源믱挟뗃得问춬样퇹的뗄?擂능。ꆣ组ퟩ擂능，ꎬ웤其놾本짭身뻍就쫇是쿂下튻一듺代뮥互솬连闷췸的뗄…튻项쿮重훘整튪技벼?数쫽据뻝包냼，ꎬ춬同퇹样뗄的쫽数뻝据냼包튪要뒫传쫤输죽三듎次떽到뷓接쫕收主훷机믺的뗄边뇟?术쫵。ꆣ随쯦着ퟅ?I?nt?er?ne?t?的뗄高룟速쯙发랢展햹，ꆣ뛔对于폚诸훮如죧流쇷媒쎽体쳥，ꎮ视쫓?镰풵路슷由평器웷。ꆣ죧如맻果采닉用폃组ퟩ捕능的뗄传뒫输쫤方랽式쪽(?如죧因춼匀?，?ꎬ则퓲对뛔?糊욵会믡议틩，ꎬ쫓视욵频뗣点능播，ꎬ풶边돌租뷌教폽育뗈等떥单뗣点풴糠뛠多뗣点接뷓收쫕或믲?폚于问춬样퇹的뗄数쫽据뻝，ꎬ풴概횻只탨需쿲向폫与뷓接쫕收훷主믺机뗄的뇟边풵镰路슷由평器웷?헟者多뛠点뗣源풴多뛠点뗣接뷓收쫕的뗄数쫽据뻝流쇷采닉用폃组ퟩ播능的뗄传뒫输쫤方랽式쪽?发랢送쯍…튻份럝数쫽据뻝拷뾽贝놴，ꎬ좻然뫳后평由웤其뇟边풵橡슷路由평器웷랢:ii:.送쯍给룸接뷓?对뛔폚于节뷚约풼带듸宽뿭，ꎬ提쳡高룟网췸络싧的뗄有폐破킧性탔具뻟有폐天쳬然좻的뗄优폅?收쫕者헟。ꆣ当떱数쫽据뻝传뒫输쫤最솿很뫜大듳，ꎬ接뷓收쫕者헟很뫜多뛠的뗄时쪱候뫲，ꎮퟩ组播능?势쫆。ꆣ在퓚I??Pv??4中훐，ꎬퟩ组능播쫇是ퟷ作为캪I?Pv??4基믹本놾功릦能쓜的뗄扩삩肢햹，ꎬ?传뒫输쫤方랽式쪽能쓜有폐敢킧地뗘降붵低뗍闷췸络싧负뢺担떣，ꎬ提쳡高룟服럾务컱质훊量솿。ꆣ??IP?v?4?节뷚点뗣并늢非럇必뇘须탫要튪求쟳支횧持돖组ퟩ捕능功릦能쓜。ꆣ而뛸?I?Pv??6规맦范랶?中훐则퓲明쏷确좷规맦定뚨所쯹有폐的뗄?I?P?v?6节뷚点뗣都뚼必뇘须탫支횧持돖组ퟩ捕능。ꆣ这헢??3 ퟩ组능捕管맜理샭控뿘制훆协킭议틩?뻍就쫇是为캪什쪲么쎴要튪在퓚部늿署쫰I?Pv??6횮之前잰，ꎬ对뛔?I?P?v?6组ퟩ播능进뷸行탐?폫句I?P?v??4ퟩ组插능一튻样퇹，ꎬ?I?P?v?6组ퟩ描능分럖为캪两솽大듳部늿分럖:ꎺ主훷?랴反复뢴实쪵验퇩与폫研퇐究뺿的뗄原풭因틲。ꆣ놾本컄文囊훘点뗣讲붲述쫶了쇋I?Pퟩ细播능的뗄?基믹本놾原풭理샭，ꎬ当떱前잰用폃于폚实쪵现쿖?I?P?v?6细ퟩ능捕的뗄两솽个룶基믹本놾协킭?议틩一ꆪ-ꆪM?L?D?协킭议틩I?句?폫与P?I??M-ꆪS?M?[?6?，킭7틩]协ꎬ틔议，벰以솽及룶两个킭协틩议?之횮间볤的뗄互뮥操닙作ퟷ与폫实쪵现쿖。ꆣ??2 ?IP组ퟩ播능原풭理샭?I?P组ퟩ捕능的뗄基믹本놾思쮼想쿫:ꎺ撒풴克훷机믺只횻发랢送쯍一튻份럝数쫽据뻝，ꎮ?헢럝쫽뻝훐뗄쒿뗄뗘횷캪웤ퟩ능ퟩ뗘횷ꆾ???ꎬ쯹폐볓?属属凰这份数据中的目的地址为其组播组地址[2代所有加죫듋ퟩ능ퟩ뗄돉풱뚼뿉뷓쫕떽듋ퟩ능ퟩ훐ퟩ능풴?떥t在능揭뷓接쫕收者헟组ퟩ능播接뷓收쫕者헟?入此组擂组的成员都可接收到此组播组中组擂源쫕룥죕웚ꎺ????ꆪ??ꆪ???图춼l?单떥播능方랽式쪽?춼?ퟩ능랽쪽?收稿日期:2∞今12-06图2组播方式
캬웕톶 ????쓪뗚??뻭뗚?웚?캢뗧ퟓ톧폫볆쯣믺?207 做电于学与计算机2ω5年第22梅第6期机믺山튻슷路평由웷器늿部럖分和뫍슷路由평攒웷一튻슷路평由웷路늿部分럖。ꆣ돉成릦功붨建立솢一튻??Se?n?d?e?r??s ?a??nd?? R??ec??e?i?v?e?r?s?-m?u?!?t??i?ca?s?t? ?g??ro?u?p? ??me??mb?e?r??s? 个룶组ퟩ播능姐ퟩ，ꎬ늢并뒫传능播ퟩ姐능描쫽数据뻝，ꎬ쫗首쿈先뇟边풵缘슷路由평웷器要튪能쓜?够릻뒦샭폫웤횱뷓쿠솬뗄훷믺볓죋뫍샫뾪ퟩ능ퟩ뗄???????폂一???。adNh·MuuSnaMJU处理与其直接相连的主机加入和离开组播组的?m?w??G盹??튻ꆪ?bAMhHN???????????????ꆯ??(lc)Router’s : 1: (lb)Host 컊쳢ꎮퟩ능쫽뻝폫뿘훆놨컄뗄뷓쫕폫랢뗄컊쳢ꎬ??????EmeJUhm?????????????????????????????????e??n?时?y?Il?m?.e?s ?()?!Jt :11阳nds问题，组播数据与控制报文的接收与转发的问题，so i sends al! ’Ii Change ????????????h?o?s??ts?? a?? 헢늿럖쫇평???좦?????????????????????????킭?: 11 Record M?u??l?ti?ca?s?t? ????????删???川甘这部分是由MLD(5) (Multicast Listener Discovery)协????????Address 曲宜틩살췪돉뗄ꆣ춬쪱슷평웷폫슷평웷횮볤탨튪뒫뗝ퟩ????????????????????????S??阴?阳?fi?c?Qu??e?r?y? (2b)Router ?????????o?f? ?S?o?ur?ce? 议来究成的。问时路由器与路由器之间需要传递组replies by S pecific Qu??e?ry? 능쫽뻝뫍뿘훆놨컄ꎬ붨솢뫍캬뮤ퟩ능ힴ첬쫷ꎬ헢튻????1: ?s?e?n?di?ng?? al?!? 播数据和控制报文，建立和雄护组播状态树，这Oa) i 1: ?ho?s??ts?? ?a ??????????????????늿럖듳뛠쫇닉폃??ꆪ???????????????????????R?o?u?t?er? ?: I! ?Mu?!?ti?ca?~?t? ??。??c)??H?o?s?t ?se?n?d??s??创?!1: ?A?d?d?r?e?s?s and 部分大多是采用PIM-SM[6,7J (Protocol Independent ???????????replies with hosts a : I! Souπ: I ~ ???????????????????킭틩살췪돉ꆣ???킭틩뫍?????????????????S?t?al?e? ?C?h?a?n?g??e? General : I i Specific ! I! Multicast Sparse Mode)协议来究成oPIM协议和??????????R??e?co?r?d? ???킭틩쫇횧독????ퟩ능뗄솽룶믹놾킭틩ꆣ?旦旦J|lQuery i|i MLD协议是支撑IPv6组捕的两个基本协议。!Ii -一一一---!li ?Lꇂ?Hl??ꎮ?????킭틩?AZ·川民也圃町4……价U-mQ立MM 即 i( {MM弛'如 MLD协议阳?ML?D?协킭틩议是쫇슷路由평器웷句폫其웤直횱接뷓相쿠连솬主훷机믺之횮间볤的뗄??????????????????킭틩ꆣ웤훷튪릦쓜뻍쫇횪뗀퓚폫웤횱뷓쿠솬훷믺?춼图?3组ퟩ播능路슷由평器웷与폫主훷机믺的뗄믒交互뮥?协议。其主要功能就是知盟在与其直接相连机中훐，ꎬ폐有쓄哪킩些훷主믺机쾣希췻盟볓加入죋戒믲离샫开뾪一튻个룶组ퟩ描능组ퟩ;ꎺ哪쓄蜡킩?消쿻쾢息，ꆣ톯询问컊쫇是荷럱还뮹有폐主훷机믺加볓入죋了쇋此듋特쳘定뚨的뗄组ퟩ描능地뗘?主훷믺机希쾣췻望接뷓收쫕듓从哪쓄룶个源풴发랢来살的뗄数쫽据뻝包냼或믲者헟拒뻜收쫕从듓?횷址。ꆣ在퓚?ML?D?v?2?中훐，ꎬ죧如맻果횸指뚨定쇋了惊풴，ꎬ슷路평由웷器쿲向쯹所폐有主훷?哪쓄룶个源풴发랢来살的뗄数쫽据뻝钮냼。ꆣ?믺机发랢送쯍一튻个룶特쳘定뚨师풴、ퟩ组능捕닩查톯询쿻消쾢息，ꎮ톯询컊问쫇是럱否폐有主훷믺机??ML?D? 协킭议틩f愚쫇盖I盹?C??MP?vꆢ?呻6伊?问[阴4句4l忖白뗄的的的的的<J兮兮兮兮-一一一一一卢-一一牛卢-一튻一卢-一卢-卢룶ퟓ킭틩ꆣ???쿻?볓加入죫此듋有폐掘풴组ퟩ捕능。ꆣ?쾢息샠3樊睡탍型쫇是I陀??CM?P?v?6?쿻消息쾢樊샠型탍的뗄子ퟓ集벯。ꆣ?第뗚죽2种훖交붻互뮥方랽式쪽(?图춼3?훐中的뗄?lc?和뫍?2c?)?ꎺ:헢这훖种붻变??ML?D?协킭议틩有폐三죽三类샠消쿻息쾢英勇샠型탍:ꎺ?뮥革方랽式쪽是쫇由평路슷由평器웷发랢起웰的뗄。ꆣ죧如맻果퓚在슷路由평器웷的뗄组ퟩ捕능地뗘?(?1)?组ퟩ播능征헷昕쳽者헟查닩询톯消쿻息쾢?(?Ty??p?e=?1?3?0?)?。ꆣ?횷址表뇭中훐英쒳一튻个룶组ퟩ播능地뗘址횷的뗄相쿠关맘定뚨时쪱器웷超뎬时쪱后뫳，ꎮ仍죔然좻?ꋙ①一튻般냣班닩询톯消쿻息쾢。ꆣ用폃于폚发랢现쿖在퓚直횱连솬的뗄链솴路슷上짏哪쓄?没쎻有폐收쫕到떽业훷机믺发랢来살的뗄包냼含몬?St?at?e??C?ha?n?g??e ??Re?c?o?r?ds?뗄的?킩些组ퟩ捕능地뗘址횷有폐组ퟩ播능征헷昕쳽者헟。ꆣ?ퟩ组播능征헷昕쳽者헟报놨告룦消쿻息쾢，ꎬ슷路평由웷器퓲则쿲向쯹所폐有主훷믺机发랢送쯍一튻?②ꋚ特쳘定뚨组ퟩ播능地뗘址횷查닩询톯悄쿻息쾢?(M?u?lt?i?ca?s?t?A??dd?r?e?s?s? ?룶个特쳘定뚨组ퟩ播능地뗘址횷查닩询톯消쿻息쾢或믲者헟特쳘定뚨洒풴、ퟩ组능播닩查询톯消쿻?S?p??ec?i?f?ic?? ?Qu?e?r?y)?。ꆣ폃用폚于에判뛏断튻一룶个쳘特뚨定뗄的ퟩ组능描뗘地횷耻在퓚本놾?息쾢，ꎬ좷确죏认룃该ퟩ组능播ퟩ组或믲者헟此듋特쳘定뚨册풴、ퟩ组능播쫇媒럱沓뮹还폐有ퟩ组播능?地뗘솴链踏슷上짏是쫇否럱有폐组ퟩ播능征헷昕쳽者헟。ꆣ在퓚?ML?D?v?2?中훐还뮹有폐一튻?征헷昕쳽者헟。ꆣ?샠类消쿻息쾢即벴特쳘定뚨源풴组ퟩ播능查닩询톯消쿻息쾢?(M?u?lt?i?ca?s?t?A??dd??re?s?s?? ?3.ꎮ2?? ?P?I?M协킭议틩?a?n??d? S??ou??rc?e? ?S??pe??ci?fi?c? Q??u?e?ry)? ꎬ，폃用폚于에判뛏惭튻一룶个쳘特뚨定糠풴的뗄?P?I?M? ?(P?r?ot?o?co??l I?nd?e??p?en??d?e?n?t ?M?u?lt?i?ca?s?t?)?是쫇一튻种훖与폫?组ퟩ播능地뗘址횷在퓚本놾地뗘链솴路슷上짏是쫇否럱有폐组ퟩ播능征헷昕쳽者헟。ꆣ?其웤它쯼协킭议틩先컞关맘的뗄独뛀立솢协킭议틩。ꆣ为캪了쇋挟믱得뗃问췸络싧拓췘扑웋以틔决뻶??(2)?组ퟩ播능征헷昕者헟报놨告룦消쿻息쾢?(?Ty?p?e?口??1?31??)。ꆣ?뚨定路슷由평，ꎬ닉采폃用튻一훖种뷐叫ퟶ做쓦逆쿲向슷路由평볬检닢测的뗄策닟略싔。ꆣ它쯼可뿉??(3)?组ퟩ播능征헷听쳽者헟?Do?n?e?消쿻息쾢?(?T?y?pe?=?1?3?2?)?。ꆣ?利샻폃用各룷훖种单떥능播슷路由평协킭议틩建붨立솢的뗄单떥捕능路슷由평表뇭完췪成돉滞쓦?这헢킩些查닩询톯쿻消息쾢和뫍应펦答듰消쿻息쾢有폐三죽种훖不늻间춬的뗄报놨文컄?向쿲转랢发检볬查닩功릦能쓜，ꎬ뛸而늻不쫇是캬维뮤护튻一룶个럖分샫离的뗄组ퟩ播능路슷由평?붻交互뮥方랽式쪽，ꎬ如죧图춼3?所쯹示쪾。ꆣ?表뇭实쪵现쿖组ퟩ播능转发랢。ꆣ由평于폚P?I??M无컞탨需收쫕发랢组ퟩ播능路슷由평更룼?뗚第一튻种훖变붻革뮥方랽式쪽(?图춼3?훐中的뗄?l?a和뫍2?a?)?:ꎺ헢这훖种붻交?新탂，ꎬ쯹所以틔与폫其웤它쯼组ퟩ播능协킭议틩相쿠t比뇈七，ꎬ凹P?1??M开뾪销쿺降붵{低뗍陈쇋了탭许?뮥互方랽式쪽是쫇由평路슷由평器웷发랢起웰的뗄。ꆣ路슷由평器웷作ퟷ为캪询톯问컊者헟向쿲与폫?5多뛠彭。ꆣ?P凹1?M有폐两솽种훖模쒣式쪽:ꎺ쾡稀쫨疏模쒣式쪽和뫍臂쏜集벯模쒣式쪽。ꆣ?p凹1?M-俐ꆪ搁仰叫.嗣δ嗣唰嗣翩翩唰翩???웤其相쿠连솬接뷓的뗄所쯹有폐主훷机믺发랢送쯍一튻个룶G?e?n?e?r?a?l?Q?u?e?r?ie?s?报놨?对뛔于폚稀쾡B航쫨E分럖布늼的뗄组ퟩ播능组ퟩ来살说쮵具뻟有폐很뫜高룟的뗄传뒫输쫤放킧率싊，ꎬ?文컄。ꆣ웤其쒿目뗄的뗘地횷址是쫇?FF?0?2?:ꎺ:1?ꆣ。훷主믺机쫕收떽到듋此消쿻息쾢后뫳，ꎬ펦应듰答?阳뛸헢i这立훖种럖分늼布탎形쪽式뗄的ퟩ组능播姐ퟩ在퓚3当떱句잰前뗄的뮥互솬连췸闷훐中쫇是相쿠?튻一个룶包냼含몬当떱前잰姐ퟩ播능地뗘址횷状ힴ态첬记볇录슼的뗄报놨文컄消쿻息쾢，ꎬ此듋报놨?E坷떱当웕普뇩遍뗄的ꆣoP凹?I??M-叩ꆪ伊?S?M뗄的设짨计볆，쮼思슷路쫇是ꎬ，죧如맻果폐有벸儿룶个훷主믺机?컄文告룦쯟诉路슷由평据웷此듋主훷机믺希쾣盟췻接뷓收쫕哪쓄个룶组ퟩ播능组ퟩ或믲者헟哪쓄?想쿫耍튪加볓人죫…튻个룶特쳘E定뚨E的뗄组ퟩ능播组ퟩ那쓇么쎴就뻍不늻会믡向쿲整헻个룶网췸?킩些源풴发랢来살的뗄数쫽据뻝。ꆣ?络싧f眨랺乏뫩洪ퟩ组능播쫽数뻝据钮냼oꆣP??I?M-ꆪ?S?M只횻向쿲加볓入죋了쇋组ퟩ播능细ퟩ的뗄?뗚第二뛾种훖交붻互뮥方랽式쪽(?图춼3?中훐的뗄2?a?뫍和?2b?)?:ꎺ헢这훖种붻交?路슷由평器웷发랢数쫽据뻝包냼，ꎬ쎻没폐有볓加죋人뗄的슷路평由웷器늻不合믡收쫕到떽数쫽据뻝?互뮥方랽式쪽是쫇由평主훷机믺发랢起웰的뗄。ꆣ当떱一튻个룶主훷机믺离샫开뾪一튻个룶组ퟩ播능?钮냼，ꎬ틔以듋此살来복减짙少췸网싧络쫽数뻝据流쇷嚣솿。ꆣ与폫P??J?Mꆪ-?S?M不늻间춬的뗄?组ퟩ时쪱，ꎬ它쯼就뻍要튪向쿲路슷由평器웷发랢送쯍组ퟩ播능征헷昕쳽者헟完췪成돉消쿻息쾢，ꎬ?是쫇，ꎬ?PI?Mꆪ-?D?M볙假定뚨当떱一튻个룶游풴;튪要랢发쯍送ퟩ细播능数쫽据뻝时쪱，ꎬ웤其下쿂?该룃消쿻息쾢包냼括삨一튻个룶状ힴ态첬改룄变뇤记볇录슼。ꆣ路슷由평器웷收쫕到떽此듋消쿻息쾢?游폎所쯹폐有分럖支횧都뚼希쾣望췻接뷓收쫕此듋数쫽据뻝组ퟩ播능。ꆣ由평于폚?P?I?Mꆪ-?S?M?뫳后，ꎬ쿲向웤其쿠相솬连뗄的솴链슷路짏上랢发쯍送튻一룶个쳘特뚨定ퟩ组능播뗘地址횷查닩询톯?协킭议틩对뛔于폚当떱前잰I?nt?er??ne?t?具뻟有폐更룼普웕遍뇩适쫊用폃性탔，ꎮ下쿂文컄主훷?
캬웕톶 ????微캢电뗧子ퟓ学톧与폫计볆算쯣机믺??20??05?年쓪第뗚2??2卷뻭第뗚6?웚期?208 耍튪讲붲述쫶?PI?Mꆪ-?S?M킭协议틩。ꆣ? IPv6 multic...t ?PI?Mꆪ-?S?M果닉用폃共릲事쿭树쫷进뷸行탐组ퟩ播능数쫽据뻝但냼转发랢。ꆣ要튪?Hoct Hoat Host Hoat 使쪹路슷由평器웷?P?I?Mꆪ-?S?M协킭议틩能쓜够릻正헽常뎣工릤作ퟷ，ꎬ슷路由평器웷的뗄锵쎿?个룶接뷓口뿚都뚼应펦该룃采닉用폃?P?I?Mꆪ-?S?Mꆣ，릹构成돉P??I?Mꆪ-?S?M폲域。ꆣ同춬?时쪱，ꆣ슷路평由웷器뗄的쎿每룶个ퟓ子췸网뚼都펦应룃该훁烹짙少폐有튻一룶个候뫲瑞톡指횸定뚨?路슷由평器웷，ꎮ由평此듋在퓚每쎿一튻个룶子ퟓ网췸中훐产닺生짺一튻个룶指횸定뚨路슷由평?器웷。ꆣ指횸定뚨路슷由평楞웷是쫇组ퟩ播능树쫷中훐的뗄边뇟橡풵路슷由평器웷，ꎬ它쯼是쫇连솬?接뷓主훷机믺与폫上짏摆닣路슷由평器웷的뗄桥쟅梁솺，ꎬ它쯼既볈能쓜处뒦理샭?ML?D?消쿻?息쾢，ꎬ폖又쓜能뒦处샭理?PI??M报놨文컄。ꆣ同춬时쪱整헻个룶网췸络싧至훁少짙应펦该룃有폐?튻一个룶候뫲选톡启웴动뚯路슷由평棒웷，ꎮ평由듋此살来닺产짺生웴启뚯动슷路평由웷器。ꆣ戴헻?个룶网췸络싧中훐也튲烹훁少짙应펦该룃有폐一튻个룶候뫲选톡集벯合뫏点뗣，ꆣ由평此듋来살产닺?生짺此듋组ퟩ播능组ퟩ的뗄集벯合뫏点뗣。ꆣ每쎿一튻个룶基믹于폚共릲事쿭树쫷的뗄组ퟩ描능组ퟩ?均뻹有폐一튻个룶集벯合뫏点뗣?RP??(R?e?n?d?e?z?v?o?u?s? ??Po?i?nt?)?。ꆣퟩ组捕능源풴陆퇘?ퟮ뛌슷뺶쿲??랢쯍쫽뻝ꎮ퓙평??퇘ퟮ뛌슷뺶붫?Hoat 最短路役向RP发送数据，再由RP陆最姐路径将쫽뻝랢쯍떽룷룶뷓쫕뛋ꆣ?困춼4?路슷由평器웷与폫路슷由평器웷的뗄交붻互뮥?数据发送到各个接收端。?3.ꎮ2?.ꎮ1? D??R (?D??es?i?gn?a?t?ed? ?R?o??u?te?r?)? 根룹据뻝协킭议틩从듓?RP?-ꆪS?e?t?中훐톡瑞择퓱最ퟮ低뗍优폅先쿈值횵的뗄?C-ꆪ?RP?ퟷ作??DR?是쫇句폫主훷机믺直횱接뷓相쿠连솬的뗄路슷由평器웷，ꆣ它쯼生짺成돉组ퟩ播능?为캪ퟩ组播능姐ퟩ的뗄?RP?oꆣ因틲为캪优폅先쿈值횵越풽低뗍，ꆣ좨权횵值풽越南룟。ꆣ当떱튻?路슷由평囊뇭，ꆣ뒦处샭理뫍租转랢发폫与웤其쿠相솬连뗄的뷓接收쫕者헟或믲者헟源풴发랢逸쯍?룶个主훷机믺加볓入죫到떽一튻个룶组ퟩ捕능组ퟩ时쪱，ꆣ其웤D??R~랢主쯍送튻一룶个?J?oi??n?的뗄J?o?i?nꎯ/?P?r?u?ne?淌쿻息쾢和뫍R?e?g?i?s?t?er?쿻消息쾢，ꆣ转发랢组ퟩ播능数쫽据뻝?쿻消息쾢、떽到R?P?，ꎬ듋此쪱时R?P?就뻍知횪道뗀此듋路슷由평器웷加볓入죫了쇋此듋组ퟩ播능?包냼。ꆣ쿫想主튪要볓加죫入쒳某튻一ퟩ组능播ퟩ组뗄的쎿每튻一룶个ퟓ子췸闷뚼都펦应룃该有폐一튻?ퟩ组。ꆣ当떱此듋?DR?쿂下的뗄ퟮ最뫳后튻一룶个此듋组ퟩ描능姐ퟩ的뗄主훷机믺离샫开뾪了쇋?个룶指횸定뚨路슷由평器웷。ꆣ对뛔于폚只횻有폐一튻白첨路슷由평器웷的뗄网췸络싧，ꎬ此듋路슷?듋此组ퟩ播능组ퟩ，ꆣ?D?R发랢送쯍一튻个룶P?r?un?e?消쿻息쾢组ퟩR?P?ꆣ，룦告诉쯟R?P??由평웷器뻍就是쫇D?R?ꆣ。뛔对폚于폐有뛠多台첨路슷由평器웷相쿠连솬接뷓的뗄问췸络싧，ꎬ路슷?듋此슷路由평器웷南샫开뾪组ퟩ播능쇋J。ꆣ?由평웷器的뗄每쎿一튻个룶接뷓口뿚都뚼是쫇一튻个룶候뫲选톡指횸定뚨路슷由평器웷，ꎮ且쟒每쎿?튻一个룶接뷓口뿚都뚼对뛔应펦一튻个룶?DR?机좨值횵。ꆣ듋此횵值越풽大듳，ꎬ폅优쿈先좨权就뻍??4 交붻互뮥过맽程돌?越풽南룟。ꆣ좱缺쪡省횵值为캪1?。ꆣ죧如맻果킭协틩议튪要듓从뛠多룶个슷路由평器웷中훐选톡出돶?컒我们쏇假볙뚨定在퓚튻一룶个凹??M?-?δ??M폲城中훐，ꆣ뛔对폚于튻一룶个ퟩ组播능?튻…个룶D?R?，ꆣ쓇那쎴么좨权횵值ퟮ最룟高뗄的놻被选톡中훐。ꆣ如죧果맻权좨值횵相쿠同춬，ꆣ?ퟩ组G?，ꎬ틑已횸指뚨定쇋了웤其B?S??Rꎬ，늢并닺产짺生了쇋?RP?ꎬ，춬同쪱时룷各ퟓ子췸网슷路?那쓇么쎴I?P뗘地址횷甫룟的뗄那쓇个룶被놻施톡中훐。ꆣ?由평웷器튲也춨涌맽过킭协틩议的뗄方랽式쪽产닺生짺了쇋各룷自ퟔ的뗄?DR?oꆣ쫗首先쿈指횸??3.ꎮ2?.ꎮ2?? B?S??R (?B?o?o??ts?tr?ap?? R??o?u?ter?)? 定뚨路슷由평器웷?D?R通춨过맽M?L?D?协킭议틩来살发랢现쿖句폫其웤直횱连솬的뗄链솴?每쎿个룶P?I??M斗ꆪ?M?폲域里샯都뚼有폐一튻白첨路슷由평器웷作ퟷ为캪B?S??R?路슷上짏的뗄组ퟩ播능征헷听쳽者헟，ꆣ然좻后뫳D??R向쿲R?P?发랢觉쯍J?o?i?nꎯ/?Pr?u?ne???(B?o?o?t?s?t?r叩????Ro?u?t?er?)?。ꆣ쎿每一튻个룶P??I?Mꆪ-?S?M城폲里샯~훁少짙应펦该룃?消쿻息쾢，ꆣ캬维돖持ퟩ组능播组ퟩ?G뗄的一튻棵뿃?RP?树쫷。ꆣ~떱要튪发랢送쯍/ꎯ뷓接收쫕?폐有一튻台첨以틔上짏C?叩ꆪB??S?R(? C?a?n?d?i?da?t?e叩ꆪ?BS?R?)?ꎮ，쎿每台첨?C…ꆪB?S??R?数쫽据뻝时쪱，ꆣP??I?Mꆪ-?S?M通춨过맽一튻系쾵统춳交붻互뮥过맽程돌生짺成돉一튻棵뿃最ퟮ?뻹均有폐一튻个룶优폅先쿈值횵，ꆣP??I?Mꆪ-?S?M协킭议틩瑞톡优폅先쿈值횵最ퟮ高룟的뗄路슷?短뛌路슷径뺶树쫷用폃于폚组ퟩ播능数쫽据뻝的뗄发랢送쯍/ꎯ接뷓收쫕oꆣ?由평웷器作ퟷ为캪B??S?Rꆣ?BS??R뿉可以틔是쫇?P?I?Mꆪ-?S?M城폲盟샯动뚯态첬选톡出돶?4?.ꎮ1? 加볓入죫/ꎬ샫离뾪开ퟩ姐능播ퟩ姐o?的뗄，ꎬ떱当좻然튲也뿉可틔以뺲静첬态횸指뚨定ꆣ。쯼它的뗄任죎务컱是쫇构릹造퓬R?P?-ꆪS?e?t?指횸定뚨路슷由평器웷D??R톡选폃用一튻个룶本놾地뗘链솴路슷的뗄单떥捕능地뗘址횷?뫍和产닺生짺B?o?o?t?st?r?a?p??M?e?s?s?ag?e?s? 0ꆣ ?RP?-ꆪS?e?t?是쫇?BS??R收쫕到떽候뫲?ퟷ作为캪?ML?日?놨报文컄的뗄?IP?v??6풴掘뗘地址횷。ꆣ作ퟷ为캪询톯问컊者헟的뗄路슷由평?选톡R?P?公릫告룦报놨文컄后뫳构릹造퓬的뗄一튻系쾵列쇐?RP?地뗘址횷集벯。ꆣ?웷器，ꎬ퓚在쎿每튻一룶个톯询컊问쪱时볤间볤间룴隔샯盟훜周웚期탔性뗘地퓚在웤其链솴路슷上짏?3?.ꎮ2?.ꎮ3? ??RP?(?R?e?n?d?e?z?v?o?u?s? P?o??in?t)? 랢发送쯍一튻个룶普웕通춨닩if询톯报놨文컄，ꆣ폃用폚于톯询컊问솴链슷路짏上的뗄主훷机믺是쫇?对뛔于폚共릲享쿭树쫷来살说쮵，ꆣ쎿得튻一룶个ퟩ组능播ퟩ组均뻹有폐一튻个룶?RP?ꎮ，?럱否쾣希盟췻加볓入죫一튻个룶组ퟩ捕능地뗘址횷。ꆣ报놨文컄主훷要튪包냼含몬目쒿标뇪地뗘址횷?可뿉以틔说쮵R?P?就뻍是쫇共릲事쿭树쫷的뗄根룹。ꆣR?P?可뿉能쓜通춨过맽C?叩ꆪR?P??쫇是?FF?0?2?::ꎺ1?ꎬ，ퟩ组능播뗘地횷址ퟖ字뛎段是쫇0?ꎬ，틔以벰及튻一룶个ퟮ最듳大响쿬应펦??(C??a?nd?i?da?t?e? ?R?P?)?功뚯态첬选톡择퓱确좷定뚨，ꆣ튲也뿉可以틔춨通过맽静뺲态첬直횱?쪱时间볤值횵?(?Ma??x?im?u?m?R?e?s?p?o?n?s?e? ?D?e?l?ay?)?。ꆣ当떱一튻个룶主훷机믺收쫕?뷓接指횸定뚨。ꆣ动뚯态첬谛톡择퓱时쪱，ꎬP??I?Mꆪ-?S?M域폲中훐至훁少짙应펦该룃有폐一튻个룶?떽到一튻个룶普웕通춨查닩询톯报놨文컄时쪱，ꎬ쯼它뻍就뛔对폚于쯼它쿫想볓加入죫的뗄每쎿一튻?ι?ꆪ?时?，ꎬ쎿每룶个C?-ꆪR?P?有폐个룶优폅先쿈值횵，ꆣ춬问쪱时쯼它훜周웚期性탔地뗘向쿲?个룶组ퟩ播능地뗘址횷都뚼启웴功뚯一튻个룶延퇓时쪱定뚨时쪱器웷。ꆣ此듋定뚨时쪱器웷的뗄值횵?B?S??R发랢送쯍C?a?n?d?i?da?t?eꆪ??ꆪ???????????릫룦놨컄ꎮ?-RP -Advertisement公告报文，是쫇[ꆾ?0，ꎬ?M?a?x?imu?m? ??Re??sp?o?n?s?e? ?D?e?l?ay?]?之횮间볤的뗄一튻个룶随쯦机믺值횵。ꆣ?声짹明쏷自ퟔ己벺想쿫要튪做ퟶ一튻个룶特쳘定뚨组ퟩ播능蛐뗘址횷前잰细ힺ的뗄R?P?，ꎮB?S??R?定뚨时쪱器웷뎬超时쪱后뫳就뻍向쿲路슷由평器웷发랢送쯍一튻个룶加볓入죫此듋组ퟩ播능地뗘?
캬웕톶 ????쓪뗚??뻭뗚?웚?캢뗧ퟓ톧폫볆쯣믺?2ω 微电子学与计算机2ω5年销22卷第6期횷뗄놨룦쿻쾢ꆣ죧맻훷믺훐튻룶ퟩ능뗘횷틑뺭폐뚨?播능姐ퟩ的뗄源풴都뚼通춨过맽此듋树쫷向쿲组ퟩ幡능组ퟩ发랢送쯍数쫽据뻝。ꆣ只횻要튪?DR址的报告消息。如果主机中一个组描地址巳经有定??쪱웷퓚퓋탐쇋ꎬ떱??????????????????????횵킡폚?뗄的솴链슷路짏上还뮹폐有成돉员풱在퓚此듋组ퟩ描능组ퟩG?짏上，ꎬD?R?뻍就应펦该룃周훜?时摆在运行了，当[MaximumResponse Delay]值小于班뚨时쪱器웷的뗄剩쪣余폠值횵时，쪱取ꎬ좡仰ꆾ，?ꎬ?M?ax?imu?m? ???????????????ꆿ?期웚性탔地뗘向쿲?RP?发랢送쯍(*?，ꎬG?)?J?oi?n消쿻息쾢。ꆣ当떱一튻个룶分럖枝횦网췸络싧?Response Delay] 的뗄횵倚重훘设짨此듋起뚨时쪱器웷。ꆣ如죧果맻主훷机믺收쫕到떽j了쇋쇭另튻一个룶主훷机믺的뗄?짏上的뗄所쯹폐有接뷓收쫕者헟都뚼离샫开뾪了쇋此듋细ퟩ描능姐ퟩG?时쪱，ꎬ?DR?就뻍会믡?报놨告룦消쿻息쾢(??Re?p?o?r?t??Me?s?s?a?g?e?)?ꎬ，뛸而듋此놨报컄文폫与듋此훷主믺机폐有相쿠?퓚在웤其组ퟩ描능뗘地址횷表뇭中훐删즾去좥此듋组ퟩ播능组ퟩ地뗘址횷，ꎬ同춬时쪱向쿲R?P??间춬的뗄组ퟩ播능地뗘址횷，ꎬ쓇那쎴么훷盘믺机뻍就춣停횹止퓋运탐行듋此ퟩ组능幡地뗘址횷的뗄?랢发送쯍一튻个룶(*??，ꎬ?G)?P?r?u?n?e?消쿻息쾢。ꆣ?定뚨时쪱器웷，ꎬ헢这퇹样뻍就럀防횹止了쇋在퓚链솴路슷上짏重훘复뢴报놨文컄的뗄发랢生짺。ꆣ?4?.ꎮ2?? 랢发?送/接쫕收쫽数뻝据?떱当슷路由평器웷收쫕到떽链솴路슷上짏发랢来살的뗄一튻个룶报놨告룦消쿻息쾢时쪱，ꎬ?볙假定뚨组ퟩ幡능组ퟩG?훐中源풴?S要튪向쿲组ퟩ擂능组ퟩ?G랢发送쯍数쫽据뻝。ꆣ?죧如果맻듋此报놨文컄中훐的뗄组ퟩ描능地뗘址횷不늻存듦在퓚于폚路슷由평器웷的뗄组ퟩ描능?풴源?S就뻍以틔组ퟩ幡능地뗘址횷G?캪为目쒿地뗘地뗘址횷在퓚链솴路슷上짏发랢送쯍数쫽?뗘地址횷表뇭中훐，ꎬ路슷由평器웷就뻍将붫此듋地뗘址횷加볓到떽组ퟩ描능地뗘址횷表뇭中훐，ꎬ?据뻝。ꆣ떱当잰前솴链슷路上짏的뗄?DR?收쫕到떽此듋组ퟩ描능数쫽据뻝包냼时쪱，ꎬ以틔单떥播능?늢并设짨定뚨此듋地뗘址횷的뗄相쿠关맘定뚨时쪱器웷值횵为캪?[?Mu?l?ti?c幽??t?L??is?te?n?e?r? 랽方쪽式封럢装ힰ듋此数쫽据뻝包냼，ꎮ目쒿地뗘地뗘址횷为캪此듋组ퟩ擂능组ퟩ?G的뗄R?P???I?nt?e?r?va?l?]0ꆣ如죧果맻듋此报놨文컄中훐的뗄组ퟩ幡능地뗘址횷日틑组뺭存듦在퓚于폚其웤组ퟩ?뗘地址횷。ꆣ?RP?收쫕到떽此듋细ퟩ幡능细ퟩG?뗄的数쫽据뻝包냼后뫳，ꎬ뷢解럢封ힰ装듋此数쫽?능播地뗘址횷表뇭中훐，ꎬ퓲则훘重짨设듋此뗘地횷址뗄的쿠相맘关뚨定쪱时웷器횵值。ꆣ如죧果맻?뻝据包냼，ꎬ沿퇘着ퟅ仆?，ꎬ?G)??RP?树쫷向쿲下쿂发랢送쯍此듋组ퟩ描능数쫽据뻝报놨文컄，ꎬ这헢?슷路由평锚웷的뗄组ퟩ描능地뗘址횷表뇭中훐的뗄某쒳个룶组ퟩ描능地뗘址횷的뗄相쿠关맘~뚨?퇹样쎿每一튻个룶此듋组ퟩ擂능组ퟩG?的뗄成돉员풱都뚼会믡收쫕到떽此듋组ퟩ捕능数쫽据뻝。ꆣ?时쪱웷器相뎬时쪱后뫳，ꎬ然좻后뫳班쎻有폐收쫕到떽此듋组ퟩ描능蛐뗘址횷的뗄报놨告룦消쿻?럢封装ힰ腊뫳肉쿲R??P发랢送쯍的뗄钮냼为캪?PI??M注힢册닡包냼。ꆣ由평于以폚(틔*?，ꎬ?G)?息쾢，ꎬ퓲则슷路평由웷器죏认캪为듋此ퟩ组능播뗘地횷址퓚在솴链슷路짏上巳틑没쎻有폐任죎何뫎??RP?树쫷的뗄랽方式쪽传뒫送쯍数쫽据뻝可뿉能쓜使쪹包냼的뗄路슷由평更룼远풶，ꎬ同춬时쪱?헷征昕쳽者헟。ꆣ路슷由평路웷就뻍将붫此듋地뗘址횷从듓组ퟩ幡능地뗘址횷表뇭中훐删즾去좥。ꆣ?럢封装ힰ、ꆢ뷢解럢封ힰ装튲也퓶增볓加쇋了뛔对냼包的뗄处뒦理샭。ꆣ当떱?R?P쫕收到떽源풴S??当떱一튻个룶主훷机믺想쿫接튪离샫开뾪一튻个룶组ퟩ揣능组ퟩ时쪱，ꎬ它쯼会믡发랢送쯍?랢发살来的뗄组ퟩ描능姐ퟩG?的뗄一튻个룶注힢册닡封럢提ힰ包냼时쪱，ꎬ?RP?就뻍会믡向쿲S??튻一个룶完췪成돉消쿻息쾢。ꆣ此듋놨报컄文的뗄目쒿地뗘地뗘址횷是쫇本놾地뗘链솴路슷上짏的뗄?랢发送쯍一튻个룶侣?，?ꎬ?G)?S?o??ur?c?e也ꆪS?p?e?c?i?fi?c?J?o?i?n消쿻息쾢。ꆣ同춬样퇹此듋?쯹所有폐路슷由평器웷地뗘扯횷?(F?F?0?2?:ꎺ:?2)?ꎬ，ퟩ组능捕뗘地횷址ퟖ宇뛎段캪为쿫想要튪离샫??(?S，ꎮG?)?J?o?i?n消쿻息쾢也튲通춨过맽?MR?I?B?选톡퓱择路슷由평逐훰跳쳸到떽达듯源풴?开뾪的뗄组ퟩ播능地뗘址횷。ꆣ当떱然좻如죧果맻此듋主훷机믺想쿫要튪离샫开뾪时쪱，ꎬ收쫕到떽??Sꎬ，탎形돉成튻一룶个틔以풴源S?为캪粮룹的뗄侣??，ꎬ?G)?细ퟩ描능树쫷。ꆣ?(?Sꎬ，?G)?ퟩ细描능?了쇋쇭另一튻主훷机믺的뗄此듋组ퟩ描능地뗘址횷的뗄报놨告룦报놨文컄，ꆣ쓇那쎴么듋此主훷机믺?树쫷只횻用폃于폚传뒫输쫤摞풴S?发랢送쯍到떽组ퟩ描능组ퟩG?的뗄数쫽据뻝。ꆣ此듋后뫳，ꎬ?将붫不늻发랢送쯍完췪成돉消쿻息쾢就뻍离샫开뾪此듋组ퟩ幡능细ퟩ。ꆣ如죧果맻路슷由평器웷收쫕?쯹所有폐源풴S?랢发送쯍到떽组ퟩ幡능组ퟩG?的뗄쫽数据뻝包냼都뚼通춨过맽(??Sꎬ，?G)?组ퟩ?到떽一튻个룶完췪成돉消쿻息쾢，ꎬ춬问쪱时듋此놨报컄文훐中뗄的ퟩ组능描뗘地址횷듦存在퓚于폚?능幡树쫷传뒫送쯍到떽R?P?。ꆣ퓚在建붨立솢侣??，ꎬG?)?组ퟩ描능树쫷的뗄同춬时쪱，ꎬ?RP?收쫕?其웤组ퟩ描능地뗘址횷表뇭中훐，ꎬ쓇那쎴么슷路평由웷路붫将믡会向쿲솴链슷路上짏发랢送쯍一튻?到떽的뗄摞풴S?发랢살来的뗄럢封ힰ装注힢册닡包냼依틀然좻解뷢封럢装ힰ厨뫳沿퇘?RP?쫷树?个룶关맘于폚此듋细ퟩ播능地뗘址횷的뗄特쳘定뚨组ퟩ幡능蛐뗘址횷菇닩询톯消쿻息쾢。ꆣ问춬时쪱?뒫传送쯍到떽每쎿个룶细ퟩ幡능戚돉朋풱。ꆣ当떱?(?S，ꎬG?)?细ퟩ幡능树쫷建붨立솢好뫃脂뫳，ꎬ?RP??启웴动뚯一튻个룶定뚨时器쪱，웷其ꎬ웤值为횵[캪Lꆾ?a?s?t??L?is?t?e?n?e?r? Q?u??er?y? ?I?nt?er?ꎮ幡?뻍就会믡收쫕到떽两솽份럝源풴发랢送쯍的뗄数쫽据뻝包냼，ꎬ튻一럝份쎻没폐有封럢坡ힰ一튻份럝??va?l]?oꆣ如죧果맻在퓚定뚨时쪱路웷跑뎬时쪱后뫳仍죔然좻没쎻有폐收쫕到떽报놨告룦消쿻息쾢，ꎮ?加볓了쇋封럢装ힰ，ꎬ?R?P뻍就믡会丢뚪掉뗴加볓了쇋封럢装ힰ的뗄那쓇份럝数쫽据뻝包냼，ꎬ同춬?那쓇么쎴路슷由평웷器认죏为캪此듋组ퟩ幡능地뗘扯횷在퓚链솴路슷上짏已틑投쎻有폐任죎何뫎?时쪱向쿲源풴S?的뗄?D?R랢发送쯍一튻个룶技힢册닡停춣止횹消쿻息쾢，ꎬ停춣止횹。?民??征헷听쳽者헟。ꆣ?붫将源풴S?的뗄쫽数뻝据封럢辑ힰ后뫳发랢送쯍到떽?RP?。ꆣ此듋后뫳，ꎬ풴源S?发랢送쯍到떽?쿖现在퓚假볙定뚨指횸定뚨路슷由평嚣웷D?R?收쫕到떽链솴路슷上짏一튻支훷机믺发랢?组ퟩ擂능组ퟩG?的뗄数쫽据뻝包냼就뻍通춨过맽侣?，?ꎬ?G)?组ퟩ擂능树쫷发랢送쯍到떽R?P?，ꎬ?来살的뗄希쾣黯췻加볓入죫一튻组ퟩ描능组ퟩG?뗄的民?叩???0时?놨报文컄。ꆣ듋此쪱时路슷由평?늢并且쟒带퇘途춾经뺭过맽的뗄路슷由평器웷向쿲其웤子ퟓ间췸发랢送쯍数쫽据뻝，ꎮ然좻后뫳再퓙?器웷将붫此듋报놨文컄中훐的뗄组ퟩ播능地뗘址횷写킴到떽组ퟩ播능地뗘址횷表뇭中훐Oꆣ同춬时쪱?평由?RP?附퇘R?P?树쫷发랢送쯍数쫽据뻝包냼。ꆣ那쓇么쎴此듋时쪱侣?，?ꎬ?G)?组ퟩ描능树쫷?路슷由평器웷向쿲?RP?랢发쯍送튻一룶个此듋组ퟩ擂능的뗄?J?oi?n消쿻息쾢。ꆣ因틲为캪加볓?上짏的뗄路슷由평器웷就뻍有폐可뿉能쓜收쫕到떽两솽份럝同춬样퇹的뗄数쫽据뻝包냼。ꆣ此듋?入죫的뗄是쫇任죎意틢掘풴组ퟩ捕능，ꎬ쯹所以틔此듋?Jo?i?n消쿻息쾢记볇为캪(?飞ꎬ?G)?Jo?i?n? 쪱时，ꎬ当떱份??，ꎬG?)?细ퟩ幡능树쫷上짏游폎的뗄路슷由평器웷或믲者헟?DR?收쫕到떽第뗚?消쿻息쾢。(ꆣ*?，ꎬ?G)?Jo?i?n쿻消息쾢根룹据뻝?MR?I?B??(M??ul?t?ic?as??t R?o??u?ti?n?g?튻 一份럝由평侣?，?ꎬG?)?组ퟩ描능树쫷发랢来살的뗄数쫽据뻝包냼时쪱，ꎬ슷路由평器웷或믲者헟?I?n?f?o?rma?t?io?n? ??Ba?s?e?)?选톡择퓱的뗄路슷由평湛훰跳쳸向쿲?RP?传뒫쯍送。ꆣ问춬时쪱??。?民뻍就뾪开쪼始뚪丢웺弃从듓R??P树쫷发랢来살的뗄摞풴S?떽到ퟩ组幡능组ퟩ?G的뗄?(?飞ꎬG?)?J??oi?n消쿻息쾢、퇘沿춾途뺭经맽过뗄的쯹所폐有슷路평由웷器뚼都볓加죫入到떽此듋?数쫽据뻝包냼。ꆣ问춬时쪱，ꎬ向쿲R?P?랢发送쯍一튻个룶侣?，?ꎬ?G)??Pr?un?e?消쿻息쾢，ꎬ듋此?组ퟩ播능组ퟩ?G中훐。ꆣ最ퟮ终훕，ꎬ当떱仆?，ꎬ?G)??Jo?i?n消쿻息쾢到떽达듯了쇋R?P?，?믲或?쿻消息쾢称돆为캪侣?，?ꎬ?Gꎬ，?叩??t)??Pr?u??ne?，ꎬ듋此쿻消쾢息룦告쯟诉R?P?源풴?S发랢送쯍?者헟到떽达듯了쇋一튻个룶巳틑经뺭加볓入죫了쇋此듋细ퟩ幡능组ퟩG?的뗄路슷由평器웷时쪱?到떽组ퟩ幡능组ퟩG?뗄的数쫽据뻝钮냼不늻用폃经뺭过맽?RP?树쫷向쿲这헢个룶方랽向쿲传뒫?停춣止횹向쿲上짏游폎传뒫送쯍。ꆣ当떱多뛠个룶接收뷓者쫕都헟加뚼入볓到죫(떽*?，ꎬ?G)?组ퟩ?播능了쇋。ꆣ此듋剪보枝횦消쿻息쾢沿퇘源풴?S~쿲句R?P?方랽向쿲传뒫播능，ꎮ횱直到떽?RP??播능组ퟩ时쪱，ꎬ所쯹有폐仆?，ꎬ?G)?J??oi?n消쿻息쾢都뚼会믡向쿲?RP?랽方向쿲会믡聚뻛，ꎬ?믲或헟者到떽达듯一튻个룶希쾣望췻通춨过맽?R?P树쫷接뷓收쫕源풴?S랢发쯍送到떽组ퟩ擂능?形탎成돉一튻个룶以틔R?P?为캪根룹的뗄组ퟩ幡능组ퟩG?的뗄럖分布늼树쫷，ꎬ称돆为캪?组ퟩG?的뗄数쫽据뻝包냼的뗄路슷由평器웷。ꆣ直횱到떽现쿖在퓚，ꎬ듓从풴源떽到뷓接收쫕者헟?R??PI ?(R??P? T?r?ee?)?。ꆣ?民?川、폖义돆称캪为릲共쿭事쫷树，ꎬ틲因캪为쯹所폐有듋此组ퟩ?(?쿂下转뗚第2?1??3]튳自)?
캬웕톶 ????쓪뗚??뻭뗚?웚?캢微电뗧子ퟓ学톧与폫计볆算쯣机믺??21?3?? 2∞5年第22卷第6期4??，?뷡쫸폯?州훝大듳学톧学톧报놨(?自ퟔ然좻科뿆学톧版)냦，?ꎬ?2仪??盼?，?2??8(?3?)?:ꎺ 7??2ꆫ-7?6?.ꎮ ?锚束语듓ퟜ쳥짏뾴ꆣ놾쾵춳뇭쿖캪탅쾢뗄쫕벯ꆢ럖샠?[ꆾ4?]ꆿ ~쇵J树쫷勋톫，ꎬ샮李컀卫뮪华等뗈.ꎮI??nt?e?me?t?网췸짏上智훇能쓜梭볬索쯷?Ag?e?n?t?的뗄信탅息쾢?从总体上看，本系统表现为信息的收集、分类듦뒢폫랢늼ꎬ퓚횪쪶뗄믱좡뫍죚뫏랽쏦ꎬ냼삨ꎺ럇맦?检볬索쯷方랽法램.ꎮ캢微电뗧子ퟓ学톧与폫计볆算쯣机믺，ꎬ?2创??泊?，ꎬ1?7?(?1?)?:ꎺ 5??4-ꆫ5?8?.ꎮ? 存储与发布，在知识的获取和融合方面，包括:非规랶뮯횪쪶뗄믱좡ꎻ쎬뛜횪쪶ꆢ쪱뇤횪쪶뗄죚뫏ꆢ늻좷?[ꆾ5?]ꆿ 胡뫺占닽2욽平ꎬ，컢失튶叶뿻葵ꎮ.믹基폚于죽层닣?Ag?e?n?t?的뗄룶个性탔化뮯主훷动뚯服럾务컱系쾵?拖化知识的破取;矛盾知识、时变知识的融合、不确뚨횪쪶뗄죚뫏뫍뛠뇭쪾횪쪶뗄죚뫏뗈뚼듦퓚ퟅ벼?统춳探첽索쯷.ꎮ情쟩报놨科뿆学톧，ꎬ?2?ω?1?ꎬ， 1??9(?4?)?:ꎺ 3??8?3ꆫ-3?8?6?.ꎮ? 定知识的融合和多表示知识的融合等都存在着技쫵짏뗄뿉첽쳖탔ꆣ듓???????볬쯷떽뗄탅쾢뿉쓜쫇?[?6?)? C??l?a?u?di?a? ?Ra?i?bu?l?时??，?ꎬ?C?la?u?d??io?? ?D?em??a?rt?in?i?.ꎮ ?M?o?b?ile? ??A?g?e?nt? ?Te?c?h?幡ꎮ?术上的可探讨性。从Intemet检索到的倍息可能是?????????????????????????????????????????ꆪ??nology for the Management of Dis创butedSystems叩a海몣景솿的뗄、ꆢ쎬矛盾뛜的뗄、ꆢ돂陈뻉旧的뗄、ꆢ늻不좷确뚨定뗄的，ꎮ틔以룷各훖种쎽媒쳥体形탎?C?ω??e?? S?t?ud?y?.ꎮ 2?'创?泪??，ꎮ?34?:ꎺ ?8?23?-?8?3?0?.ꎮ ?EI?肥???vi?er??S??c???????ꎮ?ꎮ?ience B. V. 式쪽存듦在퓚的뗄뛠多훖种횪知쪶识뗄的벯集뫏合ꎬ必뇘须탫对뛔这헢些킩信탅息쾢进뷸行탐剔쳞?[ꆾ7?]ꆿ? ?We?n?-?S?h?y?e?n??应??C?h?e??nꎬ，C??h?u?n?-W?u?? ?R? ?L?e?吨?，ꎬ?Ya??o?-?Na??n?L?i?e?n.ꎮ A?? 돽除、ꆢ쟥清쾴洗ꆢ、럖分샠类뫍和죚融뫏合，ꎬ닅才쓜能듓从훐中믱获取좡到떽所쯹需탨知횪识쪶，ꆣ??N?o?v?e?l ??M?o?b?i?le? ?????????????????????ꎮ????ꎮ??????????Sgent Sear町hAlgorithm. 2α刀，Information 从듓而뛸挖췚棚뻲出돶网췸络싧资源풴的뗄潜잱在퓚价볛值횵。ꆣ????????????ꎺ???ꆫ???ꎮ?????????????????ꎮ?ꎮ?Sciences 122: 227-240. Elsevier Science . 퓚쿂튻뷗뛎뗄퇐뺿릤ퟷ훐ꎬ훷튪붫벯훐퓚횪쪶?[ꆾ8?]ꆿ D?? G?a?v??a?\as?a?,? D?? G?防?e?n??wo?o??dꎬ，M?? G??ha?n?b??ar?iꎬ, ?M? ?Oꆯ’?M?a?h?o?n?yꎮ. A??d›在下一阶段的研究工作中，主要将集中在知识ꎮ?뗄뮻뫍뒫능랽쏦ꎬ냼삨ꎺ늻춬샠?럇맦랶뮯?횪쪶??????????????????????????????????????????????????ꎯ?vanced Network Monitoring Applications Based on Mobilel 的转换和传播方面，包括:不同类(非规范化)知识뇭쪾뗄쿠뮥뮻ꎻ쓚몭뫍췢퇓ꆢ뚨솿뫍뚨탔횪쪶뇭?????????????????????????ꎮ??????????????????????Intelligent Agent Technology. Computer Communications 表示的相互转换:内桶和外菇、定量和定性知识表쪾뗄뮻ꎻ늻춬돩쿳닣듎횮볤?쏦쿲횪쪶쓚몭랢뻲?2?创??泊?，ꎮ2?3?:ꎺ7??2?0叫튻7?3?0?.ꎮE??l?sev??ie??r? ?Sc???????ꎮ?ꎮ?ience . 示的转换;不同抽象层次之间(面向知识内涵发掘)뗄횪쪶뇭쪾뮻뗈컊쳢ꆣ?[ꆾ?9]ꆿ 漏엋春뒺华뮪，ꎬ常뎣敏쏴，ꎬ커武港룛山즽.ꎮ쏦面向쿲?We?b?的뗄탅信쾢息收쫕集벯工릤具뻟的뗄设짨?的知识表示转换等问题。볆计与폫开뾪发랢.ꎮ计볆算쯣机믺应펦用폃研퇐究뺿，ꎬ2?∞???2ꎬ，?6:ꎺ1??4?4ꆫ-1?4?7?.ꎮ? [ꆾ?10?]?果컢海몣峰럥.ꎮ믹~忠폚于?I?n?t?e?me?t?的뗄智훇能쓜个룶性탔化뮯樵볬索쯷.ꎮ现쿖代듺计볆算쯣机믺，ꆣ?参닎考뾼文컄献쿗?2??ω?3?ꆣ，?2:ꎺ ?????ꎮ?22-25. [ꆾ1? ꆿ] 注췴晓쿾糙퇒，ꎬ胡뫺庆쟬生짺等뗈.ꎮ面쏦向쿲In?t?e?me?t?的뗄个룶탔性化뮯智훇能쓜信탅息쾢检볬?[ꆾ?11?]ꆿ杖뛅林쇖，ꎬ张헅毅틣泼늨，ꎬ孙쯯送폱劳랼.ꎮ~믹陈폚子?We?b?훐中컄文检볬쯷索쾵系춳统加???ω?咄???索쯷.ꎮ볆计쯣算机믺研퇐究뺿与폫发랢展햹，ꎬ1??9?9?9ꎬ,3??6?(9?)?:ꎺ 1??0?3?9-ꆫ1??但?6?.ꎮ?的뗄设짨计볆与폫实쪵现쿖.ꎮ훐中컄文탅信쾢息学톧报놨.ꎮ2?创?泊??，ꎬ?1?4:ꎺ?1?4ꆫ阳?20?.ꎮ?[ꆾ?2]ꆿ 刘쇵振헱字폮.ꎮ基믹于폚?Ag?e?n?t?벼技术쫵的뗄?ww?w?信탅息쾢资닩询톯系쾵统춳设짨计볆.ꎮ?볆计算쯣机믺应펦用폃研퇐究뺿，ꎬ2?∞??1?，ꎮ?9:ꎺ ??ꆫ??ꎮ?74-76. 郭맹降女얮，ꎬ?(1?9??61?斗튻?，ꎬ뢱副뷌教쫚授。ꆣ퇐研뺿究랽方向쿲为캪信탅息쾢检볬索쯷、ꆢ탅信쾢息安낲?[ꆾ3?]ꆿ 林쇖锦뷵贤쿍，ꎬ钟훓眷뒺芳랼.ꎮ믹~忠폚于A?g?e?n?t?的뗄闷췸J튳Jퟔr쫊自适펦应볬检쯷索쒣模现탍.ꎮ뢣福?全좫与폫数쫽据뻝库뿢应펦用폃。ꆣ?(?짏上뷓搞뗚第2??09?页튳)?뻍就建붨立솢起웰了쇋叫튻棵뿃最ퟮ短뛌路슷桂뺶树쫷。ꆣ此듋时쪱，ꎬR??P情퇘侣??，ꎬ?G)?组ퟩ?????ꎮ????????ꎮ????ꎮ?ments. RFC 2375, 1998. 능쫷뷓쫕풴?뗄ퟩ능ퟩ?뗄쫽뻝냼ꆣ좻뫳평??쫷?[ꆾ4?]ꆿ ?A? ?C?o?nt?a? a?n?d?? S?? ?De?e?r?i?n?g?.ꎮ I?nt?e?me??t ??C?o?n?tro?l? ?M?饵??s?a?ge??阶??。?t?oco?l?播树挝收源S的组捕组G的数据包，然后由RP树뒫쯍떽뷓쫕헟ꎬ떫쫇??ꎬ??ퟩ능쫷퇘춾뗄뷓쫕헟늻?(??lC?M?P?ꆢv?6)?f?o??r ?t?he? ??I?n?te??me?t? P?r?o??to?co??l ??V?er?s?io??n ??6?(1?P??v?6?) ?S?p?ec?ꎮ›?传送到接收者，{日娃(S，G)组播树沿途的接收者不믡퓙듎쫕떽춬퇹뗄쫽뻝냼쇋ꆣ?i?fi?c?at?io??n.ꎮ R?F?C? ?2??4?63?,ꎮ 1??99?8?.ꎮ? 会再次收到间样的数据包了。[ꆾ5?]ꆿ S?? ?D?e?er?i?ng?,ꎬ ?W? ?F?en??n?e?r ?a?n?d?? ?B? ?H协??e?r??ma?n.ꎮM??u?l?t?ic?a?s?t ??Li?st?en??e?r ??뷡쫸폯?D??is?c?o??ve?r?y? (?M?L??D)? f?or? ?I?P?vꆢ?6.ꎮ R?F?C?? 2?7?1??0,? ?1?9?99?.ꎮ ?s 结束语[6] D Estrin, D Farinacci, A Helmy, D响la\er，S D阴ring，M I??P组ퟩ播능벼技术쫵的뗄提쳡出돶已틑经뺭很뫜快뎤时쪱间볤了쇋，ꆣ但떫由평于폚?ꆾ?ꆿ???????ꎬ??????????ꎬ??????ꎬ???????ꎬ????????????H?an??dl?ey?ꎬ, V?? J?a?c?o?b?s??on?,ꎬ C?? ?L?iu?,ꎬ P? ?S??ha?m??ta?? a?nd?? ?L? ?W?e?i.ꎮ ?Pr??ot?o唰?V?4?网췸싧络的뗄自ퟔ身짭局뻖限쿞性탔，ꎬퟩ组능播믹基놾本짏上쎻设有폐什쪲么쎴服펦用폃oꆣ?c?o?l? ?I?n?de?p?en?d?e?n??t ?M?u?l?t?i?ca?s?t?叩?S?p?ar?s?e??M?o?de? (??P?I?M?叩S?M?)?:ꎺ?pr?c? ? 쯦随着ퟅI?P?v?6?췆推广맣，ꎬI?P?v?6?下쿂的뗄组ퟩ播능必뇘将붫成돉为캪一튻明쿮重훘要튪的뗄??????????????ꎮ????????ꎮ????ꎮ?tocol Sp创泊 2362, 1998. 服럾务컱应펦用폃。ꆣ间춬时쪱，ꎬI?Pv??6组ퟩ播능也튲存듦在퓚不늻少짙问컊题쳢，ꆣ诸훮如죧组ퟩ?[ꆾ7?]?ꆿ B??i1??l ?F?e?n?n?e?r?, ?M?a?rk? ??H?and?l?ey?,ꎬ ?Hu?g?h? ??H?o?lb?ro?o??kꎬ, ?I?si?do??r? ?K?侃?"ꎮ?능돉풱뗄맜샭ꎬퟩ능럾컱훊솿ꆣퟩ능쇷솿맜샭폫펵?v?e?l?幽??.ꎮP??ro?t?oco?l? ?In??de??pe?nd?e?n?t? ?M?u?lt?ic?a?s?tꆪ-S?p?a?r?s??e ??M?ode? ?(P??I?Mꆪ›?婚成员的管理，组播服务脆囊，组播流最管理与拥죻뿘훆틔벰ퟩ능낲좫뗈랽쏦뚼폐탭뛠뗘랽탨튪뷢??S?M)?:ꎺ P?r??ot?侃?。??1?S阳??c?i?f?i?c?at?i?o?n?(?Re?v?i串?e?d?)?.ꎮ巾???咄?-ꆪi?e?t?ꆣ?f-?p??im튻-?s?mꆪ?事控制以及组播安全等方团都有许多地方需要解뻶폫췪짆ꆣ???튻??????ꎮ???ꎮ????ꎮ?v2-new-08剧，2∞3.决与完静。닎뾼컄쿗?훬朱，탣昏튻.쓐~月，ꎬ?(?1?9?79?-튻)?，ꎬ쮶硕쪿士퇐研뺿究짺生。ꆣ퇐研뺿究方랽向쿲为캪网췸络싧体쳥系쾵结뷡?参考文献릹构。ꆣ?ꆾ[1?]ꆿ ?R? ?H?in??d?e?nꎬ, ?S? ?D?ee?r?in?g?.ꎮ ?I?n?te?m?et? P?r?o??to??co?l?,ꎬ V??e?r?si?on?? 6? (?l?P?v??6)?? 잮钱뮪华쇖林勇쓐，ꎬ?(?1?9?4?0寸튻?，ꎬ퇐研뺿究员풱，ꎬ늩博士쪿生짺导떼师쪦，ꎬI??C?A?N?N理샭事쫂、ꆢ횴执?S?p??ec?i?fic?a?t?i?on?.ꎮ R?F?C? ??24??6?0,? 1??9?98?.ꎮ? 委캯会믡委캯员풱。ꆣ研퇐究뺿方랽向쿲为캪网췸络싧体쳥系쾵结뷡构릹以틔及벰协킭议틩。ꆣ?[ꆾ2?]ꆿ R? ?H??i?n?d?en?? ?an??d ??S? D??e?e?rin?g?.ꎮ I?P?? ?V?er?si?on? ??6 ?A?d??命?e?s?8?i?n?g?A??r?c?hi?›??닱S除政헾男쓐，ꎬ?(?1?9?80??-?ꎬ)쮶，쪿硕퇐士뺿研究짺生ꆣ。퇐研뺿究랽方쿲向캪为췸网싧络쳥体系쾵结뷡?t?ec?t?ur?曹?.ꎮR?F?C? ??2?37?3?ꎬ????ꎮ?, 1998. 릹构。?ꆾ[3?]? ?R? ?H?i?n?de?n?? a??nd?? S?? ?D?ee?r?i?n?g?.ꎮ I?忻??6???Mu?l?悦?。??as?t?A?d?命?'?t?l?SS??A?嗣??i?伊??"??
