쿖듺풶뻠샫뷌폽2003쓪뗚1웚ꆡퟜ뗚87웚뷌폽벼쫵뷌폽벼쫵폫뷌폽쿖듺뮯퇮돏뗂(쇙틊쪦랶톧풺ꆡ즽뚫쇙틊ꆡ276005)ꆾ햪ꆡ튪ꆿ뷌폽쫇솢맺횮놾,짧믡뗄쿖듺뮯,쫗쿈쫇뷌폽뗄쿖듺뮯,뷌폽벼쫵뗄닺짺뫍랢햹,뢳폨쇋뷌폽쿖듺뮯탂뗄쪹쏼,폐솦뗘췆뚯쇋뷌폽쿖듺뮯뗄뷸돌,튲캪횪쪶뺭볃쪱듺뗄떽살뗬뚨쇋믹뒡ꆣ떫쫇뛔폚튻냣죋살쮵,뷌폽벼쫵뮹쫇쒰짺뗄탂짺쫂컯,캪튻냣죋쯹늻죏쪶ꆢ늻샭뷢ꆣ놾컄듓뷌폽벼쫵폫뷌폽쿖듺뮯뗄맘쾵,뷌폽쮼쿫맛쓮뇤폫뒴탂뗄훘튪탔,틔벰뷌폽벼쫵뛔죋뗄훷쳥뗄뷢럅,뛔폚훕짭톧쾰ꆢ톧쾰짧믡뮯ꆢ뷌폽맺볊뮯뗄짮풶틢틥뷸탐쇋샭쓮짏뗄닻쫶ꆣꆾ맘볼듊ꆿ뷌폽벼쫵;뷌폽쿖듺뮯;룄룯폫랢햹;틢틥ꆾ훐춼럖샠뫅ꆿG40-057ꆡꆡꆾ컄쿗뇪쪶싫ꆿCꆡꆡꆾ컄헂뇠뫅ꆿ1001-8700(2003)01-0051-05EducationalTechnologyandEducationalModernizationYangChengde(LinyiTeachersUniversity,Linyi,Shandong,276005)Abstract:,andgreatlypromotedtheprocessofeducationalmodernization,,tocommonpeople,educationaltechnologyisstilltheunfamiliarnovelty,,fromtheimportanceofthetransformandinnovationintheeducationalconcepts,andalsofromtheprofoundandfar2reachingsignificanceineducationaltechnologyꆯsliberationofsubjecttopeople,tostudyingallthelife,:EducationalTechnology;EducationalModernization;ReformandDevelopment;SignificanceThearticleisabout:DisciplineConstructionandApplicationofUniversityꆯseducationalTechnologyꆡꆡ뷌폽벼쫵ퟷ캪톧쾰맽돌폫톧쾰풴뗄짨볆ꆢ뾪쿖듺뮯쿠쫊펦ꆣ뷌폽쿖듺뮯뗄쒿뗄뻍쫇튪춻웆뒫춳랢ꆢ샻폃ꆢ맜샭뫍움볛뗄샭싛폫쪵볹,뛔폚뷌폽쿖뷌폽뗄랮샩,릹붨뎬풽탔뗄뷌폽탂믺훆,쪹뷌폽평듺뮯뻟폐뾪췘뫍쪵볊뗄쿖쪵틢틥뫍짮풶샺쪷틢틥,뒫춳탍첬쿲쿖듺탍첬뮯ꆣ듓떱듺짧믡뗄늿쏅믲탐놾컄쓢뻍뷌폽벼쫵뛔뷌폽쿖듺뮯뗄펰쿬첸튻뗣듖잳튵랢햹살뾴,쯤좻쟩뿶룷틬,떫뚼폐튻룶릲춬뗄쳘뗄쳥믡ꆣ헷,벴뇘탫췪돉튻룶샺쪷탔뗄뇤:듓샍뚯쏜벯탍ꆡꆡ튻ꆢ뷌폽벼쫵뗄랢햹폫뷌폽쿖듺뮯뇤캪놾뫍벼쫵쏜벯탍ꆣ룷탐룷튵쫇헢퇹,뷌폽늿쏅튲늻샽췢ꆣ뷌폽쫇죋샠ퟔ짭퓙짺닺ꆢ퓙뒴퓬뗄뷌폽쿖듺뮯쫇튻룶늻뛏랢햹뗄맽돌,늢폫짧믡뢴퓓쾵춳릤돌,쫇짧믡듳쾵춳뗄튻룶ퟓ쾵춳ꆣ듓뷌ꆡꆡퟷ헟볲뷩:퇮돏뗂,쇙틊쪦랶톧풺뷌폽뿆톧퇐뺿쯹쯹뎤,퇐뺿풱ꆣ51
폽훐뷩뗄뷇뛈살뾴,훁뷱듳뛠쫽뷌쪦뮹뷶뾿튻놾쫩ꆢ톧쾰훷쳥뗄ퟷ폃;붨솢쿖듺뮯뗄뷌폽췸싧쾵춳,폫튻횧럛뇊ꆢ튻헅ퟬ살릤ퟷ,듓헢룶쫂쪵살뾴,뷌폽맺볒탅쾢훐탄뷡뫏웰살훰늽붨솢톧킣믲뗘쟸탔뗄뷌늿쏅튲쫇쫴폚샍뚯쏜벯탍탐튵,헢폫뷌폽쫂튵돐떣폽풴훐탄뫍뻟폐쳘즫뗄뗧ퟓ춼쫩망ꆣ뷸탐뷌폽죭뗄샺쪷퓰죎뫜늻쿠돆ꆣ튪쿫듓룹놾짏룄룯헢훖ힴ뿶,볾풴뗄쯑벯ꆢ퇐뺿ꆢ뾪랢ꆢ움짳,늢쪹횮탎돉붡컒맺뷌폽쇬폲뇘탫볓쯙쪵쿖듓샍뚯쏜벯탍탐튵쿲좫뗄맜샭쳥쾵,늢훰늽붨솢킣풰췸폫맺볊뮥솪췸쿠놾뫍벼쫵쏜벯탍탐튵뗄뇤ꆣ헢뎡샺쪷탔뗄뇤룯붫솪,뷸죫쫀뷧풴릲쿭쾵춳,볓잿컒맺뷌폽벼쫵폫뎹뗗룄룯잧냙쓪살틔뷌쪦붲쫚ꆢ뿎쳃맠쫤캪믹뒡,뷌폽룄룯뗄헻쳥쪵솦,듙뷸뷌폽뗄쿖듺뮯ꆣ샍뚯잿뛈듳,킧싊뗍뗄뒫춳뷌폽뷌톧쒣쪽,늢쪹톧킣뷌폽춬볒춥뷌폽ꆢ짧믡뷌폽(폈웤쫇듳훚뒫능쎽ꆡꆡ뛾ꆢ뷌폽벼쫵폫뷌폽쮼쿫맛쓮뗄뇤폫뒴탂뷩뗄ꆰ틾탎뷌폽ꆱ)죚캪튻쳥,쪵쿖뷌폽훐뷩ꆪꆪꆪ죋뷌폽벼쫵뺭샺쇋뒫춳벼쫵(뿚폯ꆢ컄ퟖꆢ뫚냥ꆢ솦ꆢ컯솦풴뗄뛠닣듎뾪랢폫뫏샭뗄엤훃ꆣ틲듋,럛뇊ꆢ춼욬ꆢ쒣탍뫍쪵컯뗈),쎽쳥벼쫵(짣펰ꆢ믃붫뷌폽쇬폲탅쾢벼쫵뮯뗄돌뛈쓉죫톧킣뷌폽뫍쟸폲뗆ꆢ춶펰ꆢ컞쿟뗧맣능ꆢ뗧펰ꆢ뗧쫓뫍폯퇔쪵퇩쫒뷌폽랢햹뗄쒿뇪쳥쾵뫍움볛쳥쾵횮훐,폐샻폚볓쯙뗈),쿖퓚뷸죫틔볆쯣믺벼쫵뫍춨톶벼쫵캪믹뒡뗄탅컒맺뷌폽쿖듺뮯뗄뷸돌ꆣ춨맽뇤룯뫍뒴탂뛸춻웆뻉쾢벼쫵뷗뛎,퓚쿖듺탅쾢벼쫵뷗뛎,쯦ퟅ쫽ퟖ틴쿱뗄랶쪽믲쳥쾵,룼뫃뗘실쪵뷌폽폅쿈랢햹뗄햽싔뗘벼쫵,컀탇맣능ꆢ뗧쫓벼쫵ꆢ볆쯣믺쎽쳥폫죋릤훇캻,ퟟ돶컳쟸뫍삧뺳,폐킧뗘쳡룟뷌폽룄룯뗄돉킧,쓜벼쫵,뮥솪췸춨톶벼쫵벰탩쓢쿖쪵럂헦벼쫵훰늽뺡뿬뗘엠퇸돶튻듳엺쓜쫊펦21쫀볍탅쾢뮯짧믡뗄폅펦폃폚뷌톧쇬폲,뇘붫룸뷌폽벼쫵쇬폲틔훁헻룶뷌탣죋닅ꆣ톧쇬폲듸살튻뎡뻞듳뗄뇤룯ꆣ쪵쿖뷌폽쿖듺뮯,뇘탫튪룣쿖듺뮯뷌폽ꆣ쿖듺틽떼헢뎡뷌폽쇬폲뇤룯뗄쫗쿈쫇뷌폽쮼쿫뗄뮯뷌폽쫇튻쿮뛠닣쏦ꆢ뛠틲쯘뗄쾵춳릤돌ꆣ듓ퟩ돉뇤폫뒴탂ꆣ뷢럅쮼쿫ꆢ룼탂맛쓮쫇뷌폽룄룯폫랢햹틲쯘뷸탐럖컶,쿖듺뮯뷌폽쫇평쿖듺뗄뷌폽맛쓮,뗄쿈떼뫍뚯솦ꆣ쎻폐뷌폽탂맛쓮뗄쏈뚯,쎻폐웕뇩쿖듺뗄뷌폽랢햹쮮욽,틔벰뿎돌뷡릹ꆢ뷌톧쓚죝ꆢ뗄탄샭럕캧,쎻폐뇤룯쿖쪵뗄튪쟳,쎻폐폂폚룄룯뷌톧랽램ꆢ뷌톧움볛뗈랽쏦릹돉뗄쿖듺뷌톧쳥쾵,뗄떨싔,뻍첸늻짏뷌폽뗄룄룯폫랢햹ꆣ튪틔쿖듺뷌쿖듺뮯뗄뷌폽짨쪩뫍냬톧쳵볾,쿖듺뮯뗄쪦뛓컩폽쮼쿫캪횸떼,뛔죋닅엠퇸쒿뇪ꆢ엠퇸쒣쪽ꆢ뷌폽뫍맜샭뛓컩뗈랽쏦쯹탎돉뗄폐믺헻쳥ꆣ웤훐쿖듺뗄쓚죝ꆢ뷌폽랽램훘탂짳쫓;뛔쿖폐뷌폽쮼쿫ꆢ뷌폽뷌폽맛쓮ꆢ뷌폽랢햹쮮욽쫇훷쳥,쿖듺뮯뗄뷌톧쾵맛쓮짮뿌랴쮼ꆣ늻뛏퇐뺿탂쟩뿶,뷢뻶탂컊쳢,ퟜ춳쫇뫋탄,쿖듺뮯뗄뷌폽짨쪩ꆢ쪦뛓컩뫍뷌폽맜뷡탂뺭퇩,탎돉탂죏쪶ꆣ얬솦첽쯷뷌폽랢햹뗄퓶뎤샭쫇놣횤ꆣ틲듋,쿖듺뮯뷌폽룼탨튪뷌폽벼쫵뫍쫖뗣뫍짮뮯룄룯뗄춻웆뿚,틔뷌폽쮼쿫맛쓮뗄탂춻웆뛎뗄쿖듺뮯,헢쫇뷌폽탂벼쫵뢳폨뷌폽쿖듺뮯뗄튻듸뚯뷌폽룄룯랢햹뗄탂춻웆ꆣ룶탂쪹쏼,웤뇪횾쫇퓋폃쿖듺뮯뷌폽탅쾢벼쫵,쪵뿆톧벼쫵뗄랢햹룸컒쏇듸살쇋쿈뷸뗄벼쫵쫖뛎쿖뛠쎽쳥뮯뫍췸싧뮯ꆣ헢퇹뗄톧쾰뮷뺳,붫쪹톧짺뫍짨놸ꆣ쏦뛔탂뗄뷌폽벼쫵,뷌쪦죧뫎쫊펦탂뗄쎽폫뷌쪦ꆢ톧짺폫톧짺횮볤뷸탐ퟔ죧뗘붻쇷,늢캪뾪쳥ꆢ볝풦탂뗄쎽쳥,뇤맛쓮쫇잰쳡ꆣ죧맻쎻폐헽랢톧짺ퟳ폒쓔벰쫓쳽뻵웷맙뗈뛠랽쏦뗄잱쓜,복쟡좷뗄횸떼쮼쿫뫍맛쓮,퓙쿈뷸뗄벼쫵뫍짨놸튲랢믓톧짺뗄뢺떣,쳡룟톧쾰뗄킧싊뒴퓬쳵볾ꆣ죋릤훇쓜늻쇋ퟷ폃ꆣ볒쾵춳뛔엠퇸톧짺뒴퓬솦뫍쿫쿳쓜솦벫캪폐킧,뇤맛쓮쫗쿈뻍쫇튪뇤뫍룼탂뷌쪦뗄뷌톧맛폐샻폚뾪햹쯘훊뷌폽,튲캪톧킣뿆톧맜샭ꆢ뷌폽움쓮,쫷솢헽좷뗄뷌폽맛ꆢ횪쪶맛ꆢ죋닅맛ꆣ튪늻뛏볛뗈쳡릩쇋탂쮼슷ꆣ죧:붨짨탂탍뗄뛠쎽쳥뮷뺳,쳡룟맣듳뷌쪦뗄뷌폽벼쫵틢쪶,쪹쯻쏇뛔뷌폽벼쫵랢햹뛠쎽쳥뷌톧,캪톧짺쳡릩뛠퇹탔뗄췢늿듌벤,뗄랢햹뛸틽웰뗄뷌폽쮼쿫ꆢ뷌톧쒣쪽ꆢ뷌톧랽램뗄첽쯷탂탍뗄뿎쳃뷌톧쒣쪽;붨짨탂탍뗄쿖듺뮯뷌닄,훘듳뇤룯폐튻룶쏷좷뗄샭싛죏쪶ꆣ펦죃쯻쏇죏쪶떽,내죋뗄죏쪶맦싉,죋뗄솪쿫볇틤랽쪽ퟩ횯뷌톧탅쾢,뷌쪦쫇탂뗄뷌폽벼쫵뗄횱뷓쪹폃헟뫍쫜틦헟,쯼뗄룹뻝톧짺뗄룶탔쳘헷톡퓱좷뚨톧쾰슷뺶,돤럖랢믓돶쿖,캪뷌쪦쪩햹닅뮪쳡릩쇋웵믺,죧맻늻냑컕힡52
헢튻샺쪷믺폶,뻍믡돉캪쪱듺뗄실컩헟ꆣ뇤(폐뗄,튲돆평뷌쪦캪훐탄쿲틔톧짺캪훐탄뗄뷌쪦뛔탂벼쫵뗄첬뛈펰쿬떽벼쫵뗄펦폃틔벰뷌쪦뇤);평튻듎탔뷌폽쿲훕짭뷌폽뗄뇤ꆣ퓙퓲,튵뷧뷇즫뗄뮻ꆣ평폚좱랦볆쯣믺췸싧뗈횪쪶뗄엠통,늻쪹폃욵싊벫룟뗄벸룶맘볼듊쫇:쯘훊뷌폽ꆢ뒴탂뷌쇋뷢쯼쏇퓚뷌폽훐뗄ퟷ폃,튻킩뷌쪦싺ퟣ폚뒫춳뗄폽ꆢ훷쳥탔뷌폽뗈ꆣ짏쫶쏼쳢맩뷡떽튻뗣뻍쫇튪뷢ꆰ럛뇊볓뫚냥ꆢ뿎놾볓뇊볇ꆱ뗄뷌톧랽쪽,듦퓚ퟅ늻럅뷌폽뗄훷쳥ꆪꆪꆪꆰ죋ꆱ,샏쪦뫍톧짺ꆣ캪쪲쎴헢퇹솼뗄첬뛈;폐뗄평폚폐컳뷢,닺짺믺웷믡좡듺죋뗄폇쮵쓘?쯘훊뷌폽튪쟳죽룶랢햹:좫쏦랢햹ꆢ좫쳥랢싇,폐쪧실룐;폐뗄첬뛈샤쒮,짵훁뻜뻸퓚뷌톧훐쪹햹ꆢ룶탔랢햹,뫶쫓죽룶랢햹뗄펦쫔뷌폽엠퇸돶살폃탂쎽쳥;폐뗄죏캪탅쾢벼쫵룟늻뿉엊,닺짺뿖벼쫵뗄쯹캽ꆰ죋닅ꆱ붫쫇킩믻탎뛹,룣펦쫔뷌폽뻸뛔쫇횢;폐뗄몦엂퓚뷌쫒훐냚얪볆쯣믺쪱뾨뿇,떱훚돶쎻폐돶슷뗄ꆣ톧짺튪듓펦쫔뷌폽뗄ퟶ쳢ꆢퟶ쳢ꆢ퓙돳;폐뗄뛔뷌폽쎽쳥닺짺뿖뻥탄샭,췻뛸좴늽,듓ퟶ쳢훐뷢럅돶살,샏쪦튲튪듓붲움ꆢ붲움퓙붲움훐ꆰ늻믡폃ꆱꆢꆰ늻쓜폃ꆱ떽ꆰ늻쿫폃ꆱ;폐뗄뛔탂벼쫵웚뷢럅돶살ꆣ톧짺늻쫇ힰ횪쪶뗄죝웷ꆢ튲늻쫇ힰ횪쪶췻횵맽룟,튻떩쪧냜,뻍죏캪웤컞킧,닺짺쪧췻탄뗄닖뿢,톧짺늻뷶탨튪횪쪶,뮹튪쟩룐ꆢ틢횾ꆢ탐샭ꆣ랲듋훖훖,뚼늻샻폚뷌쪦뷇즫뗄뮻ꆣ캪맦랶ꆢ뒴퓬탔믮뚯쓜솦뗈랽쏦뗄엠퇸뫍랢햹,룼뷌쪦펦틔믽벫뗄탄첬펭뷓쳴햽,뛔탂벼쫵늻믘볓탨튪쇩믪뗄쯜퓬ꆣ헽죧훸쏻헜톧볒퇅쮹놴뛻쮹쯹뇜ꆢ늻업돢ꆢ붨솢솼뫃뗄ퟔ탅탄,쿠탅ퟔ벺쓜릻폃퇔:ꆰ뷌폽쫇죋뗄쇩믪뗄뷌폽,뛸럇샭훇횪쪶뫍죏쪶뫃탂뗄뷌폽벼쫵,ퟩ횯뫃뷌톧ꆣ듓뗐쫓ꆢ떣탄떽쫊뗄뛑믽ꆣꆱ톧짺튪듓놻ꆰ맠쫤ꆱꆢ놻ꆰ쳮톼ꆱ훐뷢럅펦ꆢ뷓쫜,ퟮ뫳떽쫦쫊ꆢ낲탄ꆣ뷌쪦튻떩헦헽랢쿖돶살,샏쪦튪듓ꆰ맠쫤ꆱꆢꆰ쳮톼ꆱ훐뷢럅돶살ꆣ톧탂뷌폽벼쫵뗄볛횵,뻍믡풽폃풽낮폃,풽훷뚯믽벫짺늻펦룃튲늻쓜뒦폚놻뚯뗄뗘캻,쏦뛔샏쪦헢룶좨뗘좥헆컕헢랽쏦뗄횪쪶,ퟔ뻵ퟔ풸뗘퓋폃뷌폽벼쫵ꆣ췾쒬늻ퟶ짹;샏쪦늻탨튪튲늻펦룃룟룟퓚짏,톧짺ꆡꆡ죽ꆢ뷌폽벼쫵폫죋뗄훷쳢뷢럅헢튻훷쳥늻쓜놻뫶쫓,뇘탫뗷뚯톧짺뗄톧쾰믽벫탔,랢믓톧짺뗄훷맛쓜뚯탔,헢퇹뗄뷌폽닅쫇킧맻폅솼뷌폽벼쫵뗄놾쳥싛뻍쫇:죋뫍뷌폽벼쫵뗄맘쾵,뗄뷌폽ꆣ톧짺튪듓늻욽뗈ꆢ늻쏱훷훐뷢럅돶살,샏믲헟쮵훷쳥뫍뷌폽벼쫵뗄맘쾵ꆣ(헢샯뗄훷쳥튲탭늻쪦튪듓캩컒뛀ퟰꆢ좫엌헆뿘훐뷢럅돶살ꆣ탅쾢놬햨,뷶뷶쫇샏쪦뫍톧짺,펦룃쫇헻룶짧믡훐뗄죋)퇐뺿횪쪶샏뮯쯙뛈볓뿬,캪쇋짺듦,캪쇋쪵쿖ퟔ컒볛횵,뫍킭뗷ퟷ캪훷쳥뗄죋뫍뷌폽벼쫵뗄쿠뮥맘쾵ꆣ틲듋,캪쇋ퟔ벺폐룶룼뫃뗄랢햹,뛔폚탅쾢짧믡뗄릫쏱살뷌폽벼쫵뗄믹놾컊쳢늻쫇뷌폽벼쫵뛸쫇죋폫뷌폽벼쮵뷌폽훕짭뮯ꆢ톧쾰훕짭뮯쫇뇘좻뗄뻱퓱!톧짺튪쫵뗄맘쾵컊쳢,튲뻍쫇냑훷쳥춬뷌폽벼쫵뗄ꆰ맘쾵ꆱ톧쾰,샏쪦튲튪늻뛏돤뗧ꆣ뷌폽늻횻쫇죃횪쪶뗃틔ퟷ캪뛔쿳뷸탐ꆰ랴쮼ꆱꆢꆰ짳쫓ꆱꆢꆰ쮼뇧ꆱꆣ헢퇹,볈뒫돐ꆢ볌돐,뮹튪뒴퓬ꆢ뒴탂!컒쏇늻쓜엠퇸펹닅,튪랴쮼죋뛔뷌폽벼쫵뗄죏쪶컊쳢,폖튪랴쮼죋뛔죋튪엠퇸죋닅ꆣퟜ횮,컒쏇뗄뷌폽튪헅퇯훷쳥탔!튪폫뷌폽벼쫵맘쾵뗄움볛컊쳢,룼튪랴쮼죋ퟔ짭뗄듦돤럖췚뻲톧짺뗄잱쓜,튪돤럖랢믓샏쪦뗄잱쓜,튪퓚폫랢햹컊쳢,쪵쿖죋뗄훷쳥뷢럅ꆣ춨맽뷌폽뫍톧쾰죃쎿룶릫쏱좫쏦랢햹,죃쎿룶릫쏱ꆰ뾴살,퓚튻룶뿕잰튪쟳뷌폽뗄쪱듺,죋쏇튪쟳뗄잱쓜뗃떽ퟮ듳뗄쫍럅,쪵쿖쯻뗄ퟔ컒볛횵,쿭쫜뗄늻쫇튻룶쳥쾵,뛸쫇튻룶ꆮ컞쳥쾵ꆯꆱ\[1\]뷌폽벼쫵뒴퓬뗄뿬샖뫍짳쏀뗄폤퓃!헢뻍쫇죋뗄훷쳥뷢럅쯹쫇쪹ꆰ뷌폽헽퓚풽돶샺쪷폆뻃뗄뒫춳뷌폽쯹맦뚨뗄돊쿖뗄뚯죋뮭쏦ꆣ뷧쿞ꆣ쯼헽훰붥퓚쪱볤짏뫍뿕볤짏삩햹떽쯼뗄헦헽쫂쪵짏,벼쫵쫇뻟폐쿠뛔ퟔ훷탔뗄ꆣ튻랽쏦벼쇬폲틔헻룶죋뗄랽쏦ꆣꆱ\[3\]쿲튻훖컞뺲횹뗄ꆰ쳥쾵ꆱ쫵폐쯼뗄랢햹싟벭뫍맦싉,떫쫇쇭튻랽쏦헢훖랢햹랢햹,쪹죋늻뛏뗘뎬풽ퟔ벺,듓뷌폽뗄뛔쿳뇤돉ퟔ늻뿉쓜췪좫뛀솢폚죋샠,돉캪ퟔ컒랢햹뗄솦솿,틲벺뷌폽ퟔ벺뗄훷쳥ꆣ캪벼쫵쫇죋샠뗄튻훖폐쒿뗄뗄믮뚯ꆣ튲뻍쫇쮵벼쫵쪱쿂컒쏇뷌폽뷧뺭뎣쳡떽뷌폽뗄벸룶뇤훮죧:놾짭튲듦퓚랢햹컊쳢ꆣ벼쫵뗄랢햹쫇캪쇋훷쳥룼뫃평펦쫔뷌폽쿲쯘훊뷌폽뇤;평뒫쫚횪쪶캪훷쿲쓜뗘랢햹,캪쇋훷쳥뗃떽뷸튻늽뗄뷢럅ꆣ랴맽살,훷솦엠퇸캪훷뗄뇤;틔뷌캪훐탄쿲틔톧캪훐탄뗄쳥뗄랢햹뫍뷢럅튲뇘붫듙뷸벼쫵뗄랢햹ꆣ죋뫍뷌폽53
벼쫵뗄맘쾵튲쫇죧듋!컒쏇튪쪵쿖죋폫뷌폽벼쫵뗄뗄탨튪,룼ퟔ뻵뗘랢믓웤뷌폽릦쓜)ꆣ헢붫쪹뷌폽뗄킭뗷랢햹,튪쪵쿖훷쳥폫뷌폽벼쫵뗄쮫펮ꆣ퓚헢샯랢햹뻟폐룼캪맣삫뗄잰뺰,탎돉튻룶틔룟뛈랢햹뗄컒쏇뿉틔뷨본훐맺뗄ꆰ쳬죋뫏튻ꆱ쮼쿫,쪹뗃훷쳥톧킣뷌폽쾵춳캪훐탄,뛠닣듎ꆢ뛠퇹뮯뗄톧쾰췸싧ꆣ뫍뷌폽벼쫵뫍쓀쿠뒦쪵쿖뿉돖탸랢햹,펪퓬죋뫍뷌쯦ퟅ죋쏇뛔톧쾰폫뷌폽맘쾵죏쪶뗄죕틦짮뮯,폽벼쫵뮥뚯뗄ꆢ뫍킳뗄짺첬쾵춳ꆣퟜ뗄쮵살,뷌폽훕짭뷌폽뗄쳡램뫳살룼뛠뗘놻훕짭톧쾰뗄쳡램쯹좡벼쫵헢튻죋샠쪵볹믮뚯뇘좻튪횸쿲죋뗄랢햹,뇘탫듺ꆣ웤풭틲횮튻뻍쫇뷌폽벼쫵캪죋뗄톧쾰쳡릩쇋컞튪틔죋뗄훷쳥뷢럅캪뫋탄,틔죋폫뷌폽벼쫵뗄맘쾵뇟뷧ꆢ컞쳥쾵뗄폐샻쳵볾ꆣ폈웤쫇틔퇅뿋ꆤ뗂싥뛻캪캪솢ퟣ뗣살햹뾪퇐뺿ꆣ훷쾯뗄ꆰ맺볊21쫀볍뷌폽캯풱믡ꆱ1996쓪쿲솪뫏맺ꆡꆡ쯄ꆢ뷌폽벼쫵폫훕짭톧쾰뫍톧쾰짧믡뮯뷌뿆컄ퟩ횯쳡붻뗄훸쏻놨룦:ꆶ톧쾰ꆪꆪꆪ쓚퓚뗄닆뢻ꆷ(볲돆ꆶ뗂싥뛻놨룦ꆷ),듓룼맣삫뗄뫪맛쫓튰뷌폽벼쫵퓚쿖듺짧믡듸룸톧쾰헟뗄늻뷶쫇쳴햽,훐,뛔톧쾰ퟷ쇋좫랽캻뗄뾼달,쳡돶쏦뛔벱뻧랢햹뛸쟒쫇탂뗄돶슷ꆣ룟쯙랢햹뗄탅쾢짧믡,쎿룶짧믡뗄캴살짧믡쳴햽,죋샠뇘탫캧죆쯄훖믹놾뗄톧쾰쓜돉풱늻뷶퓚톧킣훐톧쾰,뛸쟒퓚볒춥ꆢ짧믡훐짺믮,솦살훘탂짨볆캴살뷌폽뗄쒿뇪,벴:톧믡쟳횪ꆢ톧쯻쏇듓짧믡붻췹뫍듳훚뒫능쎽뷩훐믱뗃뗄탅쾢솿폫믡ퟶ쫂ꆢ짧믡릲춬짺믮ꆢ톧믡짺듦,헢쯄훖믹놾톧죕뻣퓶,헢쪵볊짏쫇튻훖잱틆쒬뮯좴폖잿듳폐솦뗄쾰쓜솦폖놻돆캪캴살뷌폽뗄쯄듳횧훹,뛔떱뷱쫀뷧뷌폽ꆣ뷌폽벼쫵헽랢믓ퟅ헢룶잿듳뗄ퟷ폃,늻싛톧룷맺뷌폽뻶닟헟ꆢ킣뎤ꆢ뷌쪦뫍맣듳톧쾰헟쓋훁좫쾰헟놾죋쫇럱틢쪶떽헢튻뗣,헢훖톧킣틔췢뗄뷌폽쟲뿧쫀볍뷌폽룄룯닺짺쇋벫웤맣랺뛸짮풶뗄펰쿬ꆣ쎿쳬뚼퓚랢짺,뛸쟒뇘붫쯦ퟅ짧믡뗄랢햹뛸풽살풽톧킣뷌폽폫짧믡뗄죕틦뷡뫏쫇떱듺뷌폽랢햹뗄맣랺짮죫뗘쪩탐ꆣ헢볈쫇뛔뒫춳톧킣뷌폽뗄퇏뻾쳴ퟮ훷튪쳘뗣뫍쟷쫆,뛸ꆰ훕짭톧쾰ꆱ뫍ꆰ톧쾰뮯짧햽,폖쫇듙쪹톧킣뷌폽쿖듺뮯뗄잿듳췆뚯솦ꆣ죧맻믡ꆱ뗄쳡돶퓲랴펳쇋죋쏇뛔헢튻쳘뗣뫍쟷쫆뗄죏쪶,쓜ퟔ뻵뗘죏쪶쿖듺톧킣뷌폽뗄짧믡놳뺰랢짺뗄헢튻헢쫇죋샠뛔톧쾰죏쪶훐뗄튻듎훘듳량풾ꆣ뷌폽벼쫵훘튪뇤뮯,늢ퟔ뻵뗘붫톧킣뷌폽폫짧믡뷌폽폐믺뗘퓚헢듎훘듳량풾훐웰떽쇋훐뷩ퟷ폃,헽쫇퓚헢퇹뗄뷡뫏웰살,뻍믡듳듳쳡룟톧킣뷌폽뗄킧싊,늢듓룹틢틥짏,ꆰ훕짭톧쾰ꆱ폫ꆰ톧쾰뮯짧믡ꆱ맛쓮뫍쒣쪽놾짏룄뇤뒫춳톧킣뷌폽폫짧믡룴샫뗄럢뇕ힴ첬ꆣ뗄쳡돶놻폾캪뷌폽랢햹훐뗄ꆰ룧냗쓡룯쏼ꆱ,ꆶ톧믡헽쫇믹폚뛔틔짏솽룶랽쏦뗄ퟔ뻵죏쪶,1972쓪짺듦ꆷ뫍ꆶ뗂싥뛻놨룦ꆷ퓲놻쫀뷧릫죏캪떱듺뷌폽솪뫏맺뷌뿆컄ퟩ횯랢뇭뗄훸쏻놨룦ꆶ톧믡짺듦ꆷ퓚쮼쿫랢햹훐뗄솽ퟹ샯돌놮ꆣ럖컶떱듺뷌폽쳘뗣뫍햹췻캴살뷌폽랢햹뗄쪱뫲,쳡1989쓪11퓂,솪뫏맺뷌뿆컄ퟩ횯퓚훐맺놱뺩헙돶튪춻웆톧킣뷌폽뗄쿁낯퇛뷧,냑뷌폽삩햹떽죋뗄뾪쇋쏦쿲21쫀볍뷌폽맺볊퇐쳖믡ꆣ놾듎믡틩뗄훷쳢튻짺,돉캪쎿룶죋ퟮ믹놾뗄짺듦쓜솦,돉캪헻룶짺횮튻뻍쫇ꆰ튪랢햹튻훖21쫀볍뗄탂톧쾰맛ꆱ,틲캪쏼뗄훘튪ퟩ돉늿럖ꆣ춬쪱튪냑뷌폽랢햹뫍짧믡랢햹ꆰ평폚뷌폽벼쫵뗄뷸늽,벴쪹튻룶컄쎤,쿖퓚튲뿉쓜춳튻웰살맦뮮,퓚훕짭뷌폽쳥쾵뗄랢햹훐훰늽붨솢돉캪튻룶훕짭톧쾰헟,ꆱ\[3\]폐킩뛁헟뿉쓜믡뛔듋쳡돶웰튻룶ꆰ톧쾰뮯짧믡ꆱꆣ헢훖ꆰ톧쾰뮯짧믡ꆱ뗄훷헅훊틉:뷌폽벼쫵뛔ꆰ훕짭톧쾰ꆱ폫ꆰ톧쾰뮯짧믡ꆱ늻춬폚20쫀볍돵쪵폃훷틥뷌폽헜톧놻췆쿲벫뛋쪱돶쓜닺짺죧듋듳뗄뇤룯싰?듰낸쫇쏷좷뛸뿏뚨뗄ꆣ짮쿖뗄ꆰ톧킣쿻췶싛ꆱ,뛸쫇튪ퟔ뻵뗘펦폃뷌폽벼쫵릵뿌샭뷢뷌폽벼쫵뛔ꆰ훕짭톧쾰ꆱ폫ꆰ톧쾰뮯짧믡ꆱ춨톧킣폫짧믡뗄솪쾵ꆣ튻랽쏦,돤럖샻폃룷훖짧믡뗄짮뿌몬틥뫍짮풶틢틥,뛔폚듙뷸톧쾰맛쓮뗄룼탂뷌폽뗄틲쯘살쳡룟톧킣뷌폽뗄킧싊,쇭튻랽쏦,퓚쫇쪮럖훘튪뗄ꆣ랢햹톧킣뷌폽뗄춬쪱붫톧킣뷌폽룼ퟔ뻵뗘째춸ꆢ퇓훕짭톧쾰뗄쳡돶쫇뷌폽맛쓮뗄삩햹,웤뷌폽벼짬떽짧믡뗄룷룶랽쏦,퓚맦뮮뫍룄퓬짧믡뗄맽돌훐쫵뗄닺짺평듋탎돉쇋쿖듺뮯짧믡훐뗄ꆰ듳뷌폽맛ꆱꆣ룼뛠뗘ꆢ룼ퟔ뻵뗘뾼싇떽뷌폽뗄탨튪뛸쪹짧믡뷌폽틔췹첸떽뷌폽,죋쏇쿫떽뗄뻍쫇톧킣뷌폽,뛸훕짭뮯,뒴퓬돶룼캪폐샻뗄뷌폽뮷뺳(죧룷훖햹샀망ꆢ톧쾰붫틔췹쿁햭뗄톧킣뷌폽쿲솽뛋퇓짬;튻랽쏦쿲늩컯망ꆢ뿆벼햾ꆢ컄뮯짨쪩뗈,뚼펦룃뾼싇떽뷌폽쿂퇓짬,떱뷱짧믡훐퓧웚뷌폽쓋훁펤뛹뷌폽뫍첥뷌54
죈뎱뗄탋웰,웤룹풴헽퓚폚듋;쇭튻랽쏦쿲짏퇓짬,퓚21쫀볍,늻믡튲늻뿉쓜폐쓄튻룶맺볒뗄뷌폽볌탸뷌폽ꆢ돉죋뷌폽횱훁럧쏒쫀뷧뗄샏쓪뷌폽춬퇹믡췑샫쫀뷧뷌폽헻쳥랢햹뗄맬뗀뛸ꆰ뛀톧컞폑ꆱꆢ룹풴폚듋ꆣ죧뷱퓚뺺헹죕틦벤쇒뗄쿖듺짧믡훐,풽ꆰ훍폚튻쿧ꆱ뗘맘쏅냬톧쇋ꆣ뷌폽벼쫵틑쪹쫀뷧죋돉살풽뛠뗄죋냑톧쾰ퟷ캪맡뒩튻짺뗄ힷ쟳,뾴ퟷ룄짆캪톧폑,틔컞탍뗄탅쾢췸싧돥뾪쇋닣닣듳쏅,컞뇟룶쳥뫍볒춥짺믮훊솿뗄폐킧춾뺶ꆣ쿔좻,ꆰ훕짭톧뷧ꆢ컞쳥쾵폖돉캪뷌폽뗄뾪럅뗣ꆣ컞싛쫇랢듯맺볒쾰ꆱ뫍ퟟ쿲ꆰ톧쾰뮯짧믡ꆱ헢솽룶탂맛쓮뗄쳡돶,뮹쫇랢햹훐맺볒,뚼붫폺살폺맘힢뫍훘쫓뷌폽뗄맺평뷌폽벼쫵냑톧쾰맽돌뫍톧쾰풴닺짺뗄샭싛뫍쪵볊붻쇷폫뫏ퟷ,뚼붫쏦쇙ퟅ쏱ퟥ뷌폽쳥쾵뗄탂뗄톡볹듳듳삩햹쇋죋쏇틔췹뗄뷌폽쫓튰,쫇뷌폽볛횵맛퓱ꆢퟩ뫏폫훘릹,틔늩닉쫀뷧룷맺뷌폽횮뎤,췆뷸쓮훐뗄튻듎샺쪷탔량풾ꆣ뛸퓚듋횸떼쿂맦쒣뿕잰뗄놾맺뷌폽쿖듺뮯횮뷸돌ꆣ뫁컞틉컊,21쫀볍뷌폽붻ꆰ훕짭톧쾰ꆱ퓋뚯,퓲쪹뷌폽퓚죋샠헻룶짧믡쪵볹훐쇷폫뫏ퟷ붫믡뗃떽룼맣삫뗄췘햹ꆣ21쫀볍뗄뷌폽,뗄뗘캻랢짺쇋샺쪷탔뗄뇤뮯,헢늻뷶쫇뷌폽쪵볹뗄듓뷌폽쳥훆떽뷌폽쓚죝뇘붫룼뾪럅,룼볓맺볊뮯,ퟔ컒뎬풽,뛸쟒쫇죋샠헻룶짧믡쪵볹뗄튻듎ퟔ컒틢룼뻟폐잰햰탔ꆣ쯼뇘붫믡ꆰ돖탸늻뛏뗘랴펳죋샠뿆쪶뫍ퟔ컒뎬풽ꆣ톧컄뮯횪쪶뗄ퟮ탂뷸햹,늢쫊펦캴살좫쟲뺭볃ꆢ컄ꆡꆡ컥ꆢ뷌폽벼쫵폫뷌폽맺볊뮯뮯붻쇷뫏ퟷ폫뺺헹뛔죋닅뗄훊솿ꆢ쫽솿뫍뷡릹뗄탨쟳ꆣ컒쏇쮵,훐맺뗄쿖듺뮯탨튪틔뷌폽뗄쿖듺뮯캪뷌폽샺살쫇쫀뷧컄뮯붻쇷뗄튻룶훘튪춨뗀ꆣ냩쿈떼,틲캪쿖듺뮯뗄훐맺뷌폽쫇뿆벼뾪랢ꆢ뺭볃랢쯦ퟅ좫쟲뺭볃튻쳥뮯뫍탅쾢뮯짧믡뗄떽살틔벰맺볊햹뫍짧믡뷸늽뗄폐솦룜룋ꆣ춬퇹,훐맺뷌폽뗄쿖듺볤붻쇷폫뫏ퟷ뗄늻뛏삩듳,횪쪶뗄뒫쫤틑뎬풽쇋맺뮯폖샫늻뾪맺볊탔뗄뿧컄뮯붻쇷,뛸뿧컄뮯붻쇷폖뷧뗄쿞훆ꆣ톸쯙랢햹뗄쿖듺뮯뷌폽,붫폺틦맺볊뮯ꆣ폐삵폚뷌폽,틲캪뷌폽쫇컄뮯뗄훘튪퓘쳥뫍뒫능쎽탭뛠맺볒뗄뷌폽벸뫵컞튻샽췢뗘붫ퟟ쿲쫀뷧,쪹놾쳥ꆣ뷌폽맺볊뮯볈쫇짧믡뺭볃ꆢ헾훎ꆢ뿆벼뫍컄뮯맺뗄뷌폽쿲맺볊짧믡뾪럅,늢틔웤맣랺뗄뿆벼ꆢ컄랢햹뛔뷌폽쳡돶뗄뿍맛튪쟳,튲쫇퓚쫀뷧룷맺뺭볃ꆢ뮯뫍뷌폽뗄붻쇷폫킭ퟷ살뷸튻늽듙뷸놾맺뷌폽캴살탅쾢ꆢ뿆벼뫍쫐뎡죕쟷맺볊뮯뗄샺쪷뎱쇷훐펦떱뫍쫊펦쓜솦뫍뺺헹쓜솦뗄쳡룟ꆣ캴살뷌폽뇘뚨쫇맺볊쓜릻냧퇝뗄뷇즫ꆣ떱뷱쫀뷧뗄춻돶쳘뗣쫇죋탄쯹쿲ꆢ뮯뗄뷌폽뫍뷌폽뗄맺볊뮯ꆣ죧맻쎻폐맣삫뗄좫쟲쫓듳쫆쯹쟷뗄좫쟲뺭볃튻쳥뮯ꆣ좫쟲뮯뗄뷸햹,뷌폽튰뫍뾪삫뗄맺볊탘뮳,쎻폐뷌폽벼쫵뗄랢햹,뷌폽벼쫵뗄돤럖펦폃,뇘좻믡득믙럢뇕뗄맺뇰뷌폽,쏦쿖듺뮯쫇쓑틔쪵쿖뗄ꆣ쿲뷌폽맺볊뮯듳늽싵뷸ꆣ쫀뷧튻쇷뗄뷌폽,뇘좻쫇튻냣쮵살,뒫춳뷌폽쫇쿠뛔럢뇕뗄뷌폽쳥쾵뫍뾪럅탍뗄뷌폽ꆣ만늽ퟔ럢ꆢ특색ퟔ듳,쫆뇘실컩폚엠퇸쒣쪽,뛸뾪럅쪱듺뗄탅쾢짧믡퓲튪쟳튻룶맺볒쪱듺ꆢ실뫳폚폲췢ꆣ틲듋,췆뷸뷌폽맺볊뮯,뷌폽뗄뷌폽뻟폐쏦쿲쫀뷧ꆢퟟ쿲쫀뷧뗄쳘훊ꆣ쪵볹횤쏷,벼쫵쫇붨솢뻟폐훐맺쳘즫뗄뷌폽쳥쾵ꆢ뛔췢뾪럅ꆢ죎뫎튻훖뷌폽쿖듺뮯,뚼쫇퓚틀삵맺볊볤뇋듋붻쇷쏦쿲쫀뷧ꆢ쪵쿖뷌폽쿖듺뮯뗄뇘평횮슷ꆣ뫍쿠뮥ퟷ폃훐훰늽췆뷸뗄,뚼쫇퓚뾪럅뗄뮷뺳폫쳵볾쿂폫뺭볃ꆢ뿆벼ꆢ컄뮯ꆢ짧믡랢햹뮥뚯맽돌훐붥ꆾ닎뾼쇏ꆿ쟷뇤룯뗄,늻뿉쓜퓚뒫춳뗄뷌폽쒣쪽훐ퟔ컒뇤뫍ꆲ1ꆳꆲ2ꆳ솪뫏맺뷌뿆컄ퟩ횯맺볊뷌폽랢햹캯풱믡1톧믡쪵쿖ꆣ뇘탫폐튻뚨뗄쿖듺뮯뷌폽벼쫵ꆣ뷌폽맺볊뮯짺듦ꆪꆪꆪ뷌폽쫀뷧뗄뷱쳬뫍쏷쳬\[M\]1놱뺩:뷌폽뿆톧돶냦,ퟷ캪뷌폽쿖듺뮯뗄튻쿮훘튪쓚죝,쫇튻막쮳펦쪱듺짧,199112001랢햹뗄쫀뷧뎱쇷,췆뚯헢룶쫀뷧뎱쇷뗄헽쫇쿖듺뷌ꆲ3ꆳ췲쏷뒺1톧쾰짧믡폫훕짭톧쾰\[J\]1뷌폽퇐뺿,1997(7)폽벼쫵ꆣ쪵쿖뷌폽맺볊뮯,틑돉캪쫀뷧룷맺믱뗃351ꆲ4ꆳ퇅뿋ꆤ뗂싥뛻1뷌폽ꆪꆪꆪ닆뢻퓌님웤훐\[M\]1놱뺩:ꆰ뷌폽쿖듺뮯횤쫩ꆱ뗄믹놾쳵볾뫍훘튪뇪횾ꆣ쒿잰뷌뷌폽뿆톧돶냦짧,19961폽쿖듺뮯돌뛈뷏룟뗄맺볒,퓚뷌폽쒿뇪짏뚼웕뇩쳡ꆲ5ꆳ힣훇춥1쿖듺뷌폽벼쫵ꆪꆪꆪퟟ뷸탅쾢뮯뷌폽\[M\]1돶쇋튪엠퇸뻟폐맺볊쫓튰뫍좫쟲틢쪶,쓜릻뛔맺볊놱뺩:룟뗈뷌폽돶냦짧,20011붻쇷ꆢ뫏ퟷ폫뺺헹폐헽좷샭뷢뗄뾪럅탍죋닅ꆣ(놾컄퓰죎뇠벭:돂ꆡ탂)55
