ꆡꆡꆡꆡ럖좨ꆢ퓶뎤폫늻릫욽ꆡꆡ쓚죝쳡튪ꆡ놾컄쮳듎럖컶쇋쾽쟸럢뇕ꆢ쾽쟸볤놾쇷뚯틔벰믹폚뺭볃퓶뎤뗄뷺짽뷵뇪주죽훖쟩뿶쿂뗘랽헾뢮뗄닟싔탔탐캪ꆣ춨맽뇈뷏훆뛈럖컶랢쿖,뺭볃퓶뎤뫍쒳킩짧믡늻릫욽쿖쿳뿉쓜쫇랢햹맽돌훐튻룶펲뇒뗄솽쏦;럖좨뫍쾽쟸볤뛔쇷뚯놾뗄뺺헹,틔벰맙풱뷺짽뗄뺺뇪주뚼붫듙쪹헾뢮쿲웳튵짬돶룼볓컂얯뗄냯훺횮쫖듓뛸폐샻폚뺭볃퓶뎤,떫튲죝틗틽랢헾뢮쿲죵쫆좺쳥짬돶룼볓샤뿡뗄싓뛡횮쫖,캣몦짧믡뫍킳ꆣ틲듋,폐뇘튪춨맽잡떱뗄훆뛈뫍뫏풼낲업살놣횤뗘랽헾뢮퓚뺭볃랢햹뫍짧믡릫욽횮볤좡뗃잡떱뗄욽뫢,놣횤짧믡뫍킳랢햹ꆣ맘볼듊ꆡ럖좨ꆡ헾뢮볤뺺헹ꆡ뺭볃퓶뎤ꆡ늻릫욽튻ꆡ떼퇔Weingast(1995)뗈죋틔펢쏀뗈맺뗄랢햹샺쪷캪놳뺰,퓚탂훆뛈뺭볃톧뿲볜훐쾵춳뗘쳡돶쇋놣뮤쫐뎡뗄솪냮훷틥(federalism)뗄럖컶뿲볜,잿뗷훐퇫-뗘랽럖좨벰쾽쟸볤뛔쇷뚯놾뗄뺺헹뿉듙쪹뗘랽헾뢮릹붨폑뫃뗄짌튵뮷뺳,듓뛸듙뷸뺭볃퓶뎤ꆣ쯦뫳,쿠맘컄쿗듳솿펿쿖,늢붫훐맺룄룯뗄돉릦맩뷡캪ꆰ훐맺쪽놣뮤쫐뎡뗄솪냮훷틥ꆱ(Montinolaetal.,1995),웤훐뮹쳘뇰잿뗷쇋틔GDP캪뫋탄뗄헾벨뾼뫋뫍맙풱뷺짽훆뛈뗄ퟷ폃(퇮죰쇺,1998;Maskinetal.,2000;LiandZhou,2005;췵폀쟕뗈,
퇮웤뺲ꆡꆡ2007;훜샨낲,2007)ꆣ춬쪱,뫜뛠뺭퇩퇐뺿튲횤쪵닆헾럖좨폫룄룯뷸돌ꆢ뺭볃퓶뎤횮볤뻟폐쿔훸뗄헽쿠맘맘쾵(Jinetal.,2005;쇖틣럲뫍쇵횾잿,2000;헅뫍릨쇹쳃,2006)ꆣ늻맽,톧헟쏇튲틢쪶떽,솪냮훷틥튲믡듸살튻킩쯰몦짧믡뫍킳뗄뢱닺욷:쯼늻뷶뿉쓜틽랢쾽쟸볤랢햹쪧뫢(CaiandTreisman,2005)뫍뗘랽놣뮤훷틥(Young,2000;훜샨낲,2004),뛸쟒튲믡틽웰룷쾽쟸쓚늿뗄짧믡늻뫍킳ꆣꋙ뗚튻,뗘랽헾뢮캪쇋퓶볓뺭볃붨짨탔횧돶뛸듳듳톹쯵쇋뛔뷌폽ꆢ튽쇆컀짺뗈튻냣탔릫릲욷뗄릩룸(QianandRoland,1998;뢵폂뫍헅,2007);뗚뛾,틽랢랢짺뛱탔뺺헹(racetobottom),벴뗘랽헾뢮볤뺺쿠붵뗍쮰싊뫍뮷뺳볠맜뇪ힼ(OatesandSchwab,1988;Oates,1999;Revesz,2001)ꆣ뿉볻,퓚솪냮훷틥훆뛈쿂뺭볃퓶뎤폫짧믡뫍킳뗄쿠뮥맘쾵틑퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏뷸탐쇋쳖싛ꆣ늻맽,쿖폐퇐뺿죔좻듦퓚튻킩퇏훘늻ퟣꆣ쫗쿈,ퟷ캪횼퓚뾼달뫍뷢뻶랢햹컊쳢뗄샭싛쒣탍늢캴쳘뇰맘힢랢햹훐맺볒헾뢮쯹쏦쇙뗄튻룶쳘훊탔뗄컊쳢,벴죧뫎퓚캬뮤짧믡뫍킳컈뚨뗄잰쳡쿂듙뷸풴(죧췁뗘ꆢ샍뚯솦ꆢ놾뗈)듓뗍킧늿쏅(죧얩튵)쿲뷏룟킧싊뗄릤튵늿쏅뫍돇쫐틆ꆣ평폚퓚뗘랽쫂컱짏뻟폐쒳훖탅쾢폅쫆,훐퇫췹췹냑췪돉룃죎컱뗄쒳킩횰퓰쿂럅룸쳘뚨닣벶뗄뗘랽헾뢮늢뢳폨쿠펦뗄좨샻,웤훐뻍냼몬뛔튻킩훘튪풴(뇈죧췁뗘ꆢ뿳님ꆢ맺웳ꆢ뮷뺳ꆢ샍뚯솦뗈)뗄쒳킩뒦훃좨ꆣꋚ틅몶뗄쫇,솪냮훷틥춨뎣놻쿁낯뗘샭뷢캪닆헾솪냮훷틥(fiscalfederalism)(Treisman,2000),뛸뛔폚헢킩뒦훃좨뗄럖좨맘힢늻릻ꆣ룼훘튪뗄쫇,폫튻냣닆쮰믺훆늻춬,헾뢮캪쇋믱뗃헢킩풴췹췹탨튪쿲풭폐샻틦훷쳥(죧얩쏱)횧뢶튻뚨뗄럑폃,뛸뫳틔폐뎥뗄랽쪽붫헢킩풴쳡릩룸쳘뚨뗄릤짌웳튵ꆣ헢틢캶ퟅ,퓚듙뷸헢킩풴틆뗄맽돌훐,헾뢮뇘좻짦벰훁짙솽룶늻춬뗄샻틦좺쳥,뛸쟒,춨뎣쫇잰헟퓢쫜떽쒳킩늻릫욽듽폶,뛸뫳헟쿭쫜쇋붻틗뫍뺭볃퓶뎤뗄듳늿럖뫃뒦ꆣ좻뛸,쿖폐컄쿗춨뎣뫶쫓뛔늻춬짧믡샻틦좺쳥뗄뿌뮭,짵훁붫헾뢮볙짨캪좫쳥믲헟훐볤톡쏱뗄듺뇭(OatesandSchwab,1988),듓뛸늻뷶늻샻폚웊컶랢햹맽돌훐뺭볃퓶뎤폫짧믡뫍킳맘쾵,뛸쟒튲쓑틔뿆톧뗘샭뷢훐퇫-뗘랽ퟮ폅럖좨뫏풼ꆣ웤듎,폫횮쿠맘,컒쏇쾰맟폚붫뗘랽헾뢮샠뇈캪웳튵뺭샭뛸붫쮰쫕쇴듦싊ퟷ캪캩튻뗄벤샸뇤솿(Jinetal,2005)ꋛ,믲헟붫뺭볃퓶뎤ퟷ캪뗘랽헾뢮뾼뫋뗄캩튻횸뇪(훜샨낲,2004),뛸뛔폚뗘랽헾뢮캬뮤짧믡뫍킳뗄죎컱캴룸폨ퟣ릻훘쫓ꆣ헢쪹뗃컒쏇뛔ꋙퟮ퓧뛔솪냮훷틥뷸탐쾵춳엺에뗄쫇Rodden뫍Rose-Ackerman(1997)ꆣ퇮웤뺲뫍쓴믔뮪(2008)뛔쿠맘엺에ퟶ쇋튻룶쾵춳뗄ퟛ쫶ꆣꋚCoase(1960)뗈죋퓧틑닻쏷,평폚붻틗돉놾뗄듦퓚,헾뢮펵폐뛔쒳킩풴뗄뒦훃좨,짵훁쯹폐좨늢늻튻뚨쫇컞킧싊뗄ꆣꋛBrennan뫍Buchanan(1980)룼쫇붫헾뢮쫓캪첰삷뻰좡닆헾쫕죫뗄ꆰ몣맖ꆱ(leviathans)ꆣ쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2010쓪뗚4웚ꆡꆤ103ꆤ' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡꆡ럖좨ꆢ퓶뎤폫늻릫욽폚뗘랽헾뢮쯹쏦쇙뗄벤샸뫏풼벰쿠펦뗄탐캪튲좱랦뇈뷏좫쏦뗄뿌뮭뫍퇐뺿ꆣ쫂쪵짏,컞싛퓚뫎훖헾훎쳥훆쿂,캬뮤짧믡컈뚨뫍킳뚼늻뿉쓜늻쫇헾뢮뗄튻룶죎컱,틲듋뇘좻쳥쿖퓚캪웤짨훃뗄벤샸뫏풼훐,뺡맜좨훘폐틬ꆣퟮ뫳,컒쏇뮹힢틢떽,쿖폐컄쿗춨뎣뷶퓚튻룶떥튻짨뚨뗄훆뛈뮷뺳훐(뇈죧,닆헾럖좨+놾쇷뚯+믹폚GDP뗄맙풱뷺짽뗄뺺뇪주)쳖싛뗘랽헾뢮뗄탐캪,뷡맻퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏횻쓜쇽춳뗘붫뺭볃퓶뎤뫍짧믡늻뫍킳쿖쿳맩뷡럖좨뫍쾽쟸볤뷵뇪주뺺헹ꆣ뮻뻤뮰쮵,평폚좱랦뇈뷏훆뛈럖컶,컒쏇쓑틔룣쟥돾퓚릤튵뮯뫍돇쫐뮯맽돌훐,뺭볃퓶뎤폫짧믡늻릫헽횮볤쫇쪲쎴맘쾵,폐뛠짙쫇랢햹놾짭뗄닺컯,폐뛠짙쫇훐퇫-뗘랽럖좨뗄닺컯,폖폐뛠짙쫇벤샸뫏풼톡퓱뗄닺컯ꆣ본폚듋,놾컄틔헾뢮닎폫릤튵뮯뫍돇쫐뮯폃뗘뗄헷폃뫍붻틗캪샽,ퟅ훘퇐뺿퓚튻룶놾쾡좱ꆢ짧믡뺭볃뫍훆뛈뮷뺳잷병뗄랢햹훐맺볒,늻춬뗄훐퇫-뗘랽럖좨뫍벤샸뫏풼낲업쿂,뗘랽헾뢮뗄탐캪닟싔벰웤뛔뺭볃퓶뎤폫짧믡뫍킳뗄펰쿬ꆣ캪쇋쓜릻춨맽뇈뷏훆뛈럖컶살뷒쪾룷훖훆뛈뫍웵풼틲쯘뗄뛀쳘ퟷ폃,컒쏇짨뚨쇋죧쿂죽훖훆뛈뮷뺳ꆣ쟩탎1:믹ힼ쒣탍(benchmarkmodel,B),벴놾늻뿉퓚쾽쟸볤쇷뚯쟒룷뗘랽맙풱뗄헾벨뾼뫋쿠뮥뛀솢ꆣ퓚룃쒣탍훐,뗘랽헾뢮튲뿉놻쫓캪튻룶캴쫜떽췢살쫐뎡뫍헾좨뺺헹뗄럢뇕맺볒,틲듋퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏뷒쪾쇋튻룶뇈뷏뒿듢뗄랢햹컊쳢ꆣ쟩탎2:쾽쟸볤뎣맦뺺헹쒣탍(inter-jurisdictionalnormalcompetitionmodel,N),벴놾뿉퓚쾽쟸볤쇷뚯,떫뗘랽맙풱헾벨뗄뾼뫋쿠뮥뛀솢ꆣ춨맽폫믹ힼ쒣탍뗄뇈뷏,뿉틔뷒쪾놾쇷뚯뗄쫐뎡솦솿뛔뗘랽헾뢮탐캪뗄펰쿬ꆣ쟩탎3:쾽쟸뺺뇪주쒣탍(inter-jurisdictionaltournamentmodel,T),벴놾뿉퓚쾽쟸볤쇷뚯,쟒틔뗘랽뺭볃퓶뎤뗄쿠뛔횵ퟷ캪뗘랽맙풱뗄헾벨ꆣ춨맽폫뎣맦뺺헹쒣탍뗄뇈뷏,뿉틔뷒쪾벤샸뫏풼톡퓱뛔뗘랽헾뢮탐캪뗄펰쿬ꆣ컒쏇뗄퇐뺿뇭쏷,퓚뺭볃랢햹뗄퓧웚,헾뢮닎폫쒳킩폐샻폚풴듓뗍킧싊늿쏅쿲룟킧싊늿쏅틆뗄늻릫욽붻틗뿉쓜쫇뇘튪뗄;춬쪱,럖좨뫍쾽쟸볤뺺헹,폈웤쫇맙풱횮볤뗄뷵뇪주뿉쓜믡볓뿬헢룶틆맽돌,떫좴믡뛱뮯붻틗뗄늻릫욽탐캪뛸캣몦짧믡뫍킳ꆣ헢틢캶ퟅ,쾽쟸볤뺺헹늢럇쿱솪냮훷틥뗄맄뒵헟쯹쏨쫶뗄쓇퇹쏀쏮,틲캪떱뗘랽헾뢮돉캪릤짌웳튵뗄ꆰ냯훺횮쫖ꆱ(helpinghand)듓뛸듙뷸뺭볃퓶뎤쪱(FryeandShle2쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2010쓪뗚4웚ꆡꆤ104ꆤ' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
퇮웤뺲ꆡꆡifer,1997),튲믡뛔죵쫆좺쳥짬뾪ꆰ싓뛡횮쫖ꆱ(grabbinghand)뛸캣몦짧믡뫍킳ꆣꋙ헢킩쒣탍낵쪾,퓚랢햹뗄맽돌훐,늻뷶훐퇫쿲뗘랽럖엤뗄쫂좨폫닆좨뫍웤쯻뒦훃좨펦룃욥엤,뛸쟒뺭볃랢햹퓚헾뢮벨킧뾼뫋훐뗄뇈훘튲펦룃쿠펦뗷헻,틔뇣퓚뺭볃퓶뎤뫍짧믡뫍킳횮볤듯떽쒳훖욽뫢ꆣ쫜욪럹쯹쿞,컒쏇늻뗃늻냑ퟮ폅뗄훐퇫-뗘랽뺭볃럖좨뫍벤샸뫏풼낲업뗈컊쳢럅퓚쇭췢튻욪싛컄살쳖싛ꆣ뛾ꆡ쒣탍뗄쏨쫶(튻)럖좨벰?뢳쳵볾컒쏇짨쿫튻룶놾쾡좱뗄랢햹훐맺볒,훐퇫헾뢮틀뻝쿜램뢳폨쒳튻벶뗘랽헾뢮펵폐맜샭웤쾽쟸뺭볃짧믡쫂컱뗄폅쿈좨,웤훐뗄튻룶훘튪횰퓰뻍쫇듙쪹풴(죧췁뗘ꆢ뿳님ꆢ뮷뺳ꆢ샍뚯솦ꆢ놾뗈)듓뗍킧싊뗄뒫춳늿쏅(죧얩튵)믲헟쿐훃ힴ첬,놻틆떽믲놻폃폚룟킧뗄릤튵뫍돇쫐늿쏅,벴릤튵뮯뫍돇쫐뮯ꆣ캪쇋탐컄뗄랽뇣,쿂쏦컒쏇틔ꆰ췁뗘ꆱퟷ캪헢킩풴뗄듺뇭햹뾪럖컶ꆣ컒쏇볙짨헢튻벶뗄뗘랽헾뢮퓚짏죎횮돵뻟폐쿠춬뗄?뢳쳵볾ꆣ쎿룶뗘랽헾뢮펵폐N떥캻뗄쾽쟸쏦믽뫍죋뿚,쟒룹뻝럖좨낲업뛸믱뗃뿉횧엤뗄닆헾쫕죫Z=Ny0t,웤훐y0캪죋뻹GDP,tꇊ(0,1)ꆣ퓚웤쾽쟸쓚,폐듳솿놻폃폚뒫춳탐튵(죧얩튵)뗄췁뗘,웤닺횵뫜뗍뛸늻럁쇮웤캪0ꆣ죴헢킩췁뗘쓜릻폫놾욷(죧뎧랿짨놸)퓚벼쫵짏내헕ꛋ:1뗄뇈샽뷡뫏,퓲탎돉룼폐킧뗄짺닺쓜솦ꆣ듋췢,컒쏇붫놾욷뗄볛룱맦랶뮯캪pK=1,늢틔듋캪닎헕뛸쇮췁뗘(쪹폃좨)뗄쿠뛔쫐뎡볛룱캪pL=pꆣ캪쇋뇜쏢컳믡,폐뇘튪뛔췁뗘뗄쫐뎡볛룱pퟷ벸뗣쮵쏷ꆣ뗚튻,평폚맊쫂랢짺퓚뮹캴췪돉릤튵뮯뫍돇쫐뮯뗄랢햹훐맺볒,틲듋췁뗘퓚얩튵폫릤튵늿쏅횮볤,쿧듥폫돇쫐횮볤뗄엤훃뮹캴듯떽뻹뫢ힴ첬ꆣ튲뻍쫇쮵,쓇킩벴붫놻릤튵뮯뫍돇쫐뮯췁뗘뗄쫐뎡볛룱늢늻좡뻶폚떱잰폃춾(죧룻훖)뗄쫕틦(벴0),뛸좡뻶폚웤잱퓚뗄릤튵뫍짌튵폃춾뗄쫕틦,틲듋p>0ꆣ뗚뛾,p쫇튻룶쫂잰뗄뛸럇쫂뫳뗄췁뗘쫐뎡볛룱,벴p쫇떱뗘뻓쏱퓚캴뗃떽죎뫎뻟쳥뗄춶탅쾢횮잰뛔룃췁뗘볛룱뗄튻룶놣쇴탔풤웚ꆣ뗚죽,컒쏇컞틢좥퇐뺿p떽뗗좡뻶폚쓄킩틲쯘,떫p뗄듳킡랴펳쇋퓚쳘뚨쪱뗣짏췁뗘뗈풴쿠뛔폚놾뗄쾡좱돌뛈ꆣꋙ쿖폐솪냮훷틥뗄컄쿗훐,ꆰhelpinghandꆱ뫍ꆰgrabbinghandꆱ듺뇭헾뢮뛔듽릤짌웳튵뗄솽훖첬뛈ꆣ폫횮늻춬,놾컄훷튪쫇횸헾뢮뛔듽솽룶짧믡좺쳥,벴릤짌웳튵뫍튻냣뻓쏱뗄첬뛈ꆣ쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2010쓪뗚4웚ꆡꆤ105ꆤ' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡꆡ럖좨ꆢ퓶뎤폫늻릫욽(뛾)붻틗럑폃폫헾뢮뷩죫쯤좻떱뗘뻓쏱폫ퟷ캪춶헟뗄릤짌웳튵뚼틢쪶떽붫얩튵췁뗘뇤캪릤튵뫍돇쫐폃뗘붫닺짺룼뛠뗄뿉럖엤쫕틦,떫쮫랽춨맽ퟔ평첸에듯돉붻틗늢늻죝틗ꆣ뗚튻,춶헟폫죋쫽훚뛠뗄떱뗘뻓쏱튻튻첸에늢뚼듯돉붻틗,붫쫇튻볾럇뎣삧쓑뗄쫂ꆣ뗚뛾,퓚랢햹훐맺볒,짧믡뗄ퟩ횯돌뛈뷏뗍,틔훁폚떱뗘뻓쏱ퟔ벺췹췹튲쓑틔탎돉튻룶춳튻뗄ퟩ횯폫춶헟첸에ꆣ뗚죽,탅쾢뗄늻뛔돆탔쪹뗃쮫랽룷ퟔ뛔췁뗘볛횵뗄움맀듦퓚퇏훘럖웧ꆣ뗚쯄,죧맻춶헟퓊탭떱뗘뻓쏱틔췁뗘죫막뗄랽쪽듯돉붻틗,춶헟떣탄믡즥쪧뛔웳튵뗄뿘훆좨ꆣ뗚컥,뻓쏱튲떣탄룃춶쿮쒿쪧냜뫳랢짺웆닺쟥쯣,믡즥쪧막좨뫍풭폐뗄췁뗘좨샻ꆣ뗚쇹,떱뗘뻓쏱늢늻뻟놸돉캪웳튵쯹탨풱릤뫍맜샭죋풱쯹탨뗄죋솦놾ꆣ뷡맻,룟낺뗄붻틗럑폃ퟨ횹쇋춶헟폫얩쏱듯돉췁뗘싲싴웵풼,믲헟얩쏱틔췁뗘죫막폫춶헟ퟩ붨뫏웳튵뗄뿉쓜탔ꆣ쮫랽쿝죫쇋뛱탔뗄삧뺳:쓜릻붫떰룢ퟶ듳뗄죋늢늻믡ퟔ뚯뗘죃웤쯻죋살럖쿭떰룢;뛸랴맽살,웤쯻죋튲늻믡룸쯻뛠듳떰룢뗄믺믡ꆣ캪쇋듲웆헢훖욶삧뗄뻹뫢,헾뢮틔쒳훖탎쪽뷩죫웤훐,뇈죧,붫쮽폐췁뗘맺폐뮯뫳쳡릩룸릤짌웳튵붫쫇튻룶샭탔뗄톡퓱ꆣ믹폚듋,컒쏇볙짨퓚짏죎횮돵,쎿룶뗘랽헾뢮뚼놻쫚폨쇋쿲얩쏱헷폃뫍뾪랢ퟣ릻듳뗄ꆢ쏦믽캪L떥캻뗄췁뗘뗄탐헾뒦훃좨,틔싺ퟣ웤뺭볃랢햹쯹탨ꆣ춬쪱,컒쏇뮹볙짨,헢킩췁뗘놻L떥캻뗄얩쏱쯹쿭폐,쟒쎿룶얩쏱쿭폐웤훐뗄1떥캻췁뗘,벴짦벰뗄죋뿚햼쾽쟸ퟜ죋뿚뗄뇈샽캪l=LꆣN(죽)짺닺몯쫽폫짧믡뢣샻죴뗘랽헾뢮i틔쪵볊볛룱aiep쿲릤짌웳튵쳡릩췁뗘,늢쓜컼틽쇷뚯놾(mobilecapital)Fi,퓲뿉탎돉놾욷FKi=i1]ꆣ1+aiepꛋ,웤훐aieꇊ[0,돽듋횮췢,헾뢮뮹뇘탫쳡릩엤쳗뗄믹뒡짨쪩I(i죧릩쮮ꆢ릩웸ꆢ릩뗧ꆢ춨톶뗈),춶닅쓜헦헽랢짺늢퓚놾뷬헾뢮죎웚쒩캪룃뗘쟸듸살뺭볃퓶뎤Gꛁi=vIiKꛂi,웤훐ꛁ,ꛂ쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2010쓪뗚4웚ꆡꆤ106ꆤ' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
퇮웤뺲ꆡꆡꇊ(0,1)쟒ꛁ+ꛂ=1ꆣꋙ뛔튻룶짧믡살쮵,죴뺭볃퓶뎤맽뗍,벴G<G(늻럁쇮G=0--),퓲붫캣벰짧믡컈뚨,뢺킧펦뻞듳ꆣ늻맽,쯤좻뺭볃퓶뎤쓜릻퓶뷸룃쾽쟸뗄짧믡뢣샻,떫퓚쳘뚨쪱뗣짏뗄뇟볊킧펦믡쿂붵ꆣ틲듋,컒쏇붫뺭볃퓶뎤뗄짧믡뢣샻킧펦쏨쫶캪lnGiꆣ떱좻,횻폐떱뗘랽헾뢮벰쪱췪돉헷뗘늢쳡릩룸춶헟,짏쫶퓶뎤믺믡닅쓜뇤돉쿖쪵뗄뺭볃퓶뎤듓뛸퓶볓웤헾벨ꆣ쯤좻폫헢킩놾F쿠욥엤뗄췁뗘솿뿉쓜킡폚L,떫쫇캪쇋럀횹듭쪧랢햹믺믡뫍뛔헢킩췁뗘뗄뒦훃좨,뗘랽헾뢮붫틔airp뗄쪵볊볛룱쿲풭폐뻓쏱솢벴헷폃쯹폐헢킩췁뗘,쓄엂쫂뫳뿉쓜돶쿖튻킩쿐훃ꆣꋚ웤훐,airꇊ[0,1]뻍랴펳쇋붻틗뗄릫욽돌뛈ꆣ뛔떥룶쿠맘뻓쏱뛸퇔,air뗄쿂붵믡듸살뇟볊뗝퓶뗄뢺킧펦;뛸쟒,p풽듳,웤뢺킧펦튲풽듳ꆣ평폚헢훖헷뗘믮뚯짦벰뗄쾽쟸쓚뻓쏱뇈샽캪ꋛl,틲듋웤짧믡뢺킧펦뿉쏨쫶캪E=ꛓlplnaꋜir,웤훐ꛓ(>0)캪닎쫽,듳킡좡뻶폚쳘뚨뗄헾훎뺭볃훆뛈ꆢ짧믡컄뮯뗈틲쯘ꆣ튻냣살쮵,쿠맘뻓쏱뛔헾뢮뗄놧풹ꆢ짏럃ꆢ폎탐쪾췾ꆢ놩솦돥춻뗈쫂볾랢짺뗄듎쫽뫍벤쇒돌뛈폫E헽쿠맘ꆣ틲듋,컒쏇붫E튲쫓캪짧믡뫍킳돌뛈뗄튻룶닢뛈ꆣ짏쫶맊쫂뿉틔놻룅삨캪춼1ꆣ춼1ꆡ럖좨ꆢ뗘랽헾뢮닟싔탔탐캪벰웤뫳맻ꋙ뛔폚룃짺닺몯쫽,폐죽뗣횵뗃쳘뇰쮵쏷ꆣ뗚튻,랢햹훐맺볒춨뎣폐듳솿쿐훃뗄샍뚯솦,뛸뻍튵솿훷튪좡뻶폚쾡좱뗄놾듦솿,틲듋춨뎣늻냑샍뚯솦쓉죫짺닺몯쫽훐ꆣ뗚뛾,평폚컒쏇훷튪맘탄룷훖짺닺튪쯘퓚짺닺몯쫽훐뗄쿠뛔훘튪돌뛈,벴ꛁ폫ꛂ뗄쿠뛔듳킡뛸늻쫇룷ퟔ뗄뻸뛔횵,틲듋쿠맘컄쿗춨뎣쇮ꛁ+ꛂ=1,틔볲뮯쫽톧럖컶ꆣ뗚죽,평폚놾컄뗄훘뗣퓚폚뾼달럖좨뫍벤샸낲업뛔뗘랽헾뢮탐캪뗄펰쿬,뛸늻쫇쯦믺룉죅틲쯘뛔벤샸웵풼낲업뗄펰쿬,틲듋퓚쒣탍훐쎻폐틽죫쯦믺룉죅쿮틔뇣볲뮯쒣탍뗄쏨쫶ꆣꋚ쯤좻쇮L=K쯆뫵룼폐샻폚샭탔죋볙짨뗄튻훂탔,떫좴늻첫럻뫏쿖쪵쟩뿶;뛸쟒,헢믡쪹뗃쫽톧럖컶뇤튵i뗃뫜뢴퓓,떫컒쏇좴캴쓜뗃떽룼뛠폐틢틥뗄뷡싛ꆣꋛ죴쫜몦헟늻쫇놾쾽쟸뻓쏱,퓲L=0ꆣ뇈죧,놻횳쏱헟,쾽쟸횮췢퓢쫜컛좾횮몦뗄뻓쏱,췢살듲릤헟ꆣꋜ돽쇋뫶싔풭닺돶쿻쪧뗄펰쿬췢,닆뢻킧펦튲캴폨틔뾼싇ꆪꆪꆪ놻헷췁뗘볛횵퓚뻓쏱닆뢻훐쯹햼뇈훘풽듳,뿉쓜웤뢺킧펦뻍풽듳ꆣ듋췢,쫜몦헟뛔짧믡뫍헾뢮뗄뢺펰쿬폫톹솦믡쯦ퟅ웤죋뿚뇈샽뗄퓶볓뛸볓쯙퓶볓ꆣ늻맽,헢늻믡룄뇤놾컄뗄믹놾뷡싛ꆣ쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2010쓪뗚4웚ꆡꆤ107ꆤ' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡꆡ럖좨ꆢ퓶뎤폫늻릫욽(쯄)뗘랽헾뢮뗄킧폃몯쫽벰웤풤쯣풼쫸쳵볾쿖듺짧믡ퟜ쫇춨맽튻뚨뗄헾훎믺훆,뢳폨헾뢮랢햹뺭볃뫍캬뮤짧믡릫욽뗈뛠훘횰퓰벰웤쿠펦뗄좨샻,늢틔듋살뾼뫋뫍붱짍헾뢮ꆣ늻맽,뗘랽헾뢮i뮹뿉춨맽뛠훖쟾뗀믱뗃쮽샻Ci,뇈죧첰컛ꆢ짝돞쿻럑ꆣ떱좻,Ci튲뿉놻샭뷢캪뗘랽헾뢮쯹쳡릩뗄튻냣탔릫릲욷,뇈죧뷌폽ꆢ튽쇆뗈ꆣ믹폚듋,뗘랽헾뢮i뗄킧폃몯쫽뿉틔쏨쫶캪:U=hlnG+(1-h)ꛓlplnair+clnCiiiꆡꆡ웤훐,닎쫽hꇊ[0,1]뗄듳킡좡뻶폚쓇킩쓜릻뻶뚨뗘랽헾뢮헾훎쏼퓋뗄죋(짏벶헾뢮,믲헟쾽쟸톡쏱)뛔뺭볃퓶뎤뫍짧믡릫욽뗄첬뛈;닎쫽c뗄듳킡랴펳쇋쳘뚨헾훎쳥훆쿂뛔뗘랽헾뢮뗄볠뚽뫍돍랣잿뛈ꆣ탨튪힢틢뗄쫇,h뫍c뚼쫇뗘랽헾뢮뿉룐횪뗄쪵볊횵,뛸럇쏻틥횵ꆣ뇈죧,죴짧믡릫욽쓑틔ힼ좷닢뛈뫍볠뚽,쓇쎴벴뇣헾뢮놻잿쇒튪쟳캬뮤짧믡릫욽,(1-h)뿉쓜죔좻뫜킡ꆣ떱좻,뿉릩뗘랽헾뢮횧엤뗄풴쫇폐쿞뗄ꆣ평폚튻뷬헾뢮듓짏첨ꆢ훆뚨랢햹햽싔ꆢ돶첨헾닟ꆢ헐짌틽ꆢ춶랢짺떽탎돉탂퓶짺닺쓜솦,ퟮ뿬튲탨튪2ꆫ3쓪,틔훁폚뺭볃퓶뎤쯹듸살뗄탂퓶닆솦훷튪놻쿂뷬헾뢮쯹쿭폃ꆣꋙ뮻뻤뮰쮵,죎웚횮돵쾽쟸쓚뗄뺭볃맦쒣Ny0닅쫇룃헾뢮헦헽뿉뾿뗄쮰믹ꆣ돽듋횮췢,쫛뗘쫕죫튲쫇뗘랽헾뢮뿉풤웚뗄쫕죫ꆣ틲듋,뗘랽헾뢮i뗄풤쯣풼쫸쳵볾쏨쫶캪:Z+aiepꆤꛋFi1+aiepꛋꇝLairp+Ii+Ciꆡꆡ훁듋,컒쏇틑뛔훐퇫-뗘랽횮볤뗄럖좨낲업(N,t,l)뫍벤샸뫏풼(h,1-h,c)ퟶ쇋돵늽쏨쫶ꆣ(1)퓚룸뚨튻룶맺볒뗄죋뿚ퟜ쫽뗄쟩뿶쿂,N풽킡,퓲뇭쪾믱뗃럅좨뗄뗘랽헾뢮뗄닣벶풽뗍믲헟쾽쟸풽킡;(2)t듳훂랴펳쇋닆헾럖좨돌뛈,벴t풽듳,뗘랽헾뢮믱뗃닆헾럖좨풽듳;(3)l풽듳,훐퇫쿂럅룸뗘랽뗄뛔췁뗘뗈풴뗄탐헾뒦훃좨뻍풽듳ꆣ떱좻,퓚짏쫶럖좨뫍벤샸뫏풼훆풼쿂,뗘랽헾뢮튲붫춨맽톡퓱잡떱뗄헷뗘뫍쫛뗘볛룱ꆢ믹뒡짨쪩춶뫍쮽죋샻틦,벴(a벺뗄킧폃ퟮ듳뮯ꆣir,aie,I,C)살쪵쿖ퟔii(컥)춶헟뗄닎폫쳵볾뛔폚춶헟뛸퇔,횻폐떱풤웚쓜릻믱뗃늻뗍폚쒳룶놣쇴쫕틦닅믡춶,벴ꋚ:5Giꛁꛂ(1-t)=(1-t)vꛂIr5FiF-1(i1+aiepꛋ-ꛂ)ꇝ0iꋙ퓚훐맺,쯤좻쎿뷬헾뢮램뚨뗄죎웚캪5쓪,떫뗘랽헾뢮뺭뎣놻훐춾짽잨ꆢ욽뗷믲뷢횰ꆣꋚ벴뇣틽죫웤쯻짺닺튪쯘X뛸Y=ꛁaIKꛂXꛃ,룃뇭쫶튲듳훂헽좷ꆣ틲캪:죴퓚뺺헹탔쫐뎡짏X뗄볛룱캪px,퓲5Y/5X=px,뷸뛸ꛐ3=Y-X3px=(1-ꛃ)Yꆣ틲듋,5ꛐ3/5K=(1-ꛃ)5Y/5Kꇝ(1-ꛃ)r=r0ꆣ쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2010쓪뗚4웚ꆡꆤ108ꆤ' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
퇮웤뺲ꆡꆡꆡꆡ웤훐r0뗄듳킡늻뷶좡뻶폚헻룶놾뗄릩쟳ힴ첬,뛸쟒뮹좡뻶폚춶쒿뗄뗘뗄닺좨놣뮤뫍뺭볃랢햹뗄잰뺰뗈ꆣ헢틢캶ퟅ,벴뇣틔0볛룱쿲춶헟릩룸췁뗘,뗘랽헾뢮i퓚쳘뚨쪱웚쓚뿉컼쫕뗄춶듦퓚ퟅ짏쿞,벴:vꛂ(1ꛁ1-t)Fmax=I()ir0ꆡꆡ늻맽,폫듳뛠쫽컄쿗튻퇹,컒쏇늻붫룃닎폫쳵볾쓉죫헽쪽쒣탍,틔뇜쏢맽폚뢴퓓뗄쫽톧럖컶ꆣ횻쫇볙짨,쯤좻룃뺭볃쳥쿖폐뗄뺭볃짧믡랢햹쮮욽뷏뗍,떫쫇헾뢮춨맽잡떱뗄췁뗘볛룱폅믝뫍믹뒡짨쪩춶,뿉싺ퟣ춶헟뗄닎폫쳵볾ꆣ춬쪱,짏벶헾뢮쫚폨쿂벶헾뢮뿉뒦훃뗄췁뗘L<ꛋFmaxꆣ죽ꆡ훐퇫-뗘랽럅좨쿂뗄뗘랽헾뢮탐캪럖컶(튻)믹ힼ쒣탍:쾽쟸럢뇕쿂뗄뗘랽헾뢮탐캪ퟷ캪럖컶뗄웰뗣,쫗쿈뾼싇헢퇹튻훖쟩뿶:놾늻쓜퓚쾽쟸볤쇷뚯,쟒쎿룶쾽쟸잱퓚뗄쇷뚯놾캪F,벴Fi=F;뛸쟒,뛔뗘랽헾뢮튵벨뗄뾼뫋쫇쿠뮥뛀솢뗄,벴뷶뷶룹뻝룃쾽쟸뗄뺭볃퓶뎤뫍짧믡뫍킳돌뛈뷸탐붱랣ꆣ쿖퓚룸뚨훐퇫폫뗘랽헾훎뺭볃럖좨랽쪽(N,t,l)뫍헾벨뾼뫋쳥쾵(h,1-h,c),퓲뗘랽헾뢮i뗄뻶닟탔탐캪뿉쏨쫶캪:maxUi=hlnGi+(1-h)ꛓlplnair+clnCi(a,C)ir,aie,.ꆡZ+iepꛋFi1+aiepꛋꇝLairp+Ii+CiFi=F-1ꆡꆡ평듋컒쏇뿉틔뗃돶:ꆡꆡB3((ꛂh)ꛇBF-1air=1-h)ꛓB3Nꛇ;aie=Bꛋ;pB3ꛁIi=hꛇ;CB3i=cBꛇꆣB웤훐1F,ꛇ=Z+ꆣ틲듋,뗘랽헾뢮풤웚퓚죎웚쒩뿉쪵쿖뺭볃퓶뎤:Bꛓlp(1-h)+h+cGB3i=vꛁꛁꛂꛂhꛇꆣB힢틢,잰쏦맘폚놾뗄쾡좱탔뫍뗘랽헾뢮닆솦뗄폐쿞탔볙짨뻟쳥뇭쿖캪:F뫍Z쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2010쓪뗚4웚ꆡꆤ109ꆤ' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡꆡ럖좨ꆢ퓶뎤폫늻릫욽ퟣ릻뗄킡3,틔훁폚퓚뻹뫢쪱3aie<1뫍air<1ꆣ뮻뻤뮰쮵,랢듯맺볒횻쫇컒쏇쒣탍뗄튻룶쳘쫢뷢,벴F뫍Zퟣ릻듳,틔훁폚퓚뻹뫢쪱3aie=31뫍air=1ꆣ평폚컒쏇맘힢뗄맊쫂랢짺퓚놾쾡좱뗄랢햹훐맺볒,틲듋컒쏇볙짨쯹폐쒣탍쟳돶살뗄뻹뫢뷢뚼싺ퟣ3aie<1뫍3air<1ꆣ쏼쳢1:퓚튻룶놾쾡좱뗄랢햹훐맺볒,룸뚨훐퇫-뗘랽뗄럖좨뫏풼(N,t,L)뫍벤샸뫏풼(h,1-h,c),뗘랽헾뢮뗄닟싔탔탐캪벰웤뛔뺭볃퓶뎤뗄펰쿬뻟폐죧쿂쳘헷:B3B3B3B35a5a5Iirie5Ci(1)<0,>0,<i0,>0,틲듋5GB3i<0;5c5c5c5c5cB3B3B35a5air5CB3<ie5Ii(2)0,<i0,>0,<0,틲듋5GB3i>0;5h5h5h5h5hB3B3B335air5aI(3)<ie5i5CB<i0,<0,0,<0,틲듋5GB3i<0;5p5p5p5p5pB3B3B35aie5aie5Ii(4),5ꛂ<0,5ꛋ<05ꛁ>0;B3B3B3B35air5aie5I,>i5C(5)>00,>i0,>0,틲듋5GB3i>0;5F5F5F5F5FB3B3B35air5a>ie5ICB3(6)0,<i5i0,>0,>0,틲듋5GB3i>0ꆣ5Z5Z5Z5Z5Z뻟쳥뛸퇔,룃쏼쳢뻟폐죧쿂튻킩몬틥ꆣ1.쏱훷헾훎훆뛈믲헟훐퇫좨췾컞램뛔뗘랽헾뢮ힷ쟳쮽샻뗄탐캪뷸탐폐킧돍랣,떼훂웤폐뫜잿뗄쮽샻욫뫃,뇈죧뢯냜ꆢ짝돞뗄퓚횰쿻럑뗈뗈,쓇쎴쯻쏇랢햹뗘랽뺭볃뫍캬뮤짧믡릫욽뗄믽벫탔뻍뇘좻뷏킡ꆣ뻟쳥뛸퇔,쯻쏇늻뷶컞틢쿲춶헟쳡릩췁뗘볛룱폅믝,뛸쟒뮹뺡솿톹뗍헷뗘돉놾,춬쪱튲복짙뛔짺닺탔믹뒡짨쪩뗄춶ꋙ,틔뇣뻰좡룼뛠뗄쮽죋쫕틦ꆣ뷡맻,짧믡붫퓢쫜떽퇏훘뗄늻릫욽뫍뗍뺭볃퓶뎤뗄쮫훘춴뿠ꆣ쿠랴,죧맻뗘랽헾뢮쓜릻놻뫜뫃뗘볠뚽,쟒뿉듓랢햹뗘랽뺭볃훐믱뗃ퟣ릻뛠뗄뫏램놨돪,쯻쏇붫룼쟣쿲폚펪퓬폑뫃뗄짌튵뮷뺳(냼삨폅믝뗄췁뗘볛룱뫍솼뫃뗄믹뒡짨쪩),뛸늻쫇쎦폚쫕벯쮽죋샻틦ꆣ뷡맻,짧믡쓜릻쿭쫜떽뷏뿬뗄뺭볃퓶뎤뫍룼뛠뗄짧믡릫욽ꆣꋙ헢늢늻럱뚨헾뢮믡볓듳믹뒡짨쪩쏻틥짏뗄풤쯣맦쒣,틔뇣캪뢯냜뒴퓬쳵볾ꆣ쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2010쓪뗚4웚ꆡꆤ110ꆤ' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
퇮웤뺲ꆡꆡ2.떱뺭볃퓶뎤쫇뗘랽헾뢮헾벨뗄훷튪횸뇪늢쓜룸웤듸살뫜듳믘놨쪱,튲뿉쓜폕쪹뗘랽헾뢮닉좡룼볓늻릫욽뗄볛룱헷폃췁뗘틔뇣뷚풼룼뛠뗄닆솦폃폚펪퓬폑뫃뗄짌튵뮷뺳ꆣ뷡맻,짧믡믱뗃쇋룼뛠뗄뺭볃퓶뎤,떫쫇튲퓢쫜떽룼퇏훘뗄늻릫욽ꆣ늻맽,횻튪짧믡뛔뺭볃퓶뎤폐쳘쫢뗄튪쟳(벴hퟣ릻뗄듳),쓇쎴짏쫶늻릫욽뻍뿉쓜쫇럻뫏헻쳥짧믡뢣샻튪쟳뗄ꆣ3.췁뗘쫐뎡볛룱풽룟,춶헟튪쟳헾뢮붵뗍췁뗘릩룸볛룱뗄톹솦뻍풽듳ꆣ듋쪱,닆솦폐쿞뗄뗘랽헾뢮붫놻웈춨맽쯵복믹뒡짨쪩춶뫍뺡솦톹쯵헷뗘돉놾살싺ퟣ춶헟뗄튪쟳,틔뇣뫳헟쓜릻춶늢탎돉뺡뿉쓜뛠뗄놾욷ꆣ4.떱쯹랢햹뗄닺튵뛔췁뗘쿻럑솿뫜듳,뛸쟒쿠뛔폚놾,믹뒡짨쪩뮹늻쫇뺭볃퓶뎤뗄훷튪욿뺱쪱,헾뢮붫룸폨춶헟룼듳뗄췁뗘볛룱폅믝ꆣ5.죴짧믡뿉릩뗷뚯뗄놾뫜짙,뗘랽헾뢮뻍늻뷶뷶쫇쾣췻춶헟쓜놻뗷뚯,룼뿊췻춶헟쓜릻붫폐쿞뗄놾뮯캪뺡뿉쓜뛠뗄놾욷,듓뛸듸살뺡뿉쓜듳뗄뺭볃퓶뎤,틲듋풸틢캪웤쳡릩벫웤솮볛뗄췁뗘ꆣ좻뛸,췁뗘쫕틦뗄쿂붵붫떼훂헾뢮쓑틔뷸탐룼뛠뗄믹뒡짨쪩춶ꆣ캪듋,헾뢮늻뗃늻뺡솦톹쯵헷뗘돉놾살뷚풼닆헾풴,뷡맻짧믡퓢쫜떽퇏훘뗄늻릫욽ꆣ6.죴뗘랽뺭볃랢햹쮮욽뗍,쾽쟸쿁킡쟒훐퇫뢳폨뗘랽헾뢮뗄닆좨뫜킡,틔훁폚뗘랽헾뢮컞솦쳡릩뷏뛠뗄믹뒡짨쪩뫍룸폨춶헟ퟣ릻듳뗄췁뗘볛룱폅믝ꆣ헢뇘좻훆풼쇋놾욷탎돉뗄맦쒣뫍짺닺솦ꆣ틲듋,뗘랽헾뢮붫벫솦톹쯵헷뗘돉놾틔뇣쳚돶닆솦살죵뮯짏쫶뢺킧펦ꆣ뷡맻,짧믡퓢쫜떽뇈뷏퇏훘뗄늻릫욽쟒뺭볃퓶뎤뷏싽ꆣퟜ횮,퓚튻룶뺭볃믹뒡실뫳ꆢ놾쾡좱뗄짧믡훐,캪쇋컼틽놾늢듙뷸뺭볃뷏뿬퓶뎤,헾뢮솮볛뗘쿲춶헟쳡릩쒳킩풴(죧췁뗘)뫍뷸탐뇘튪뗄믹뒡짨쪩춶,뿉쓜쫇튻룶뫏샭쟒뇘튪뗄톡퓱ꆣ좻뛸,닆솦폐쿞뗄뗘랽헾뢮캪쇋쳡릩헢퇹튻룶폑뫃뗄짌튵뮷뺳,췹췹탨튪틔뛔헢킩풭폐풴뗄쯹폐헟믲헟쿭폃헟닉좡쒳훖탎쪽뗄늻릫욽붻틗ꆣ헢틢캶ퟅ,벴뇣늻듦퓚쾽쟸볤뺺헹,튪쟳랢햹훐맺볒뗄헾뢮뷶뷶냧퇝ꆰ냯훺횮쫖ꆱ뗄뷇즫,튲횻쫇튻훖쏀뫃뗄떫늻쟐쪵볊뗄틜쿫ꆣ틲캪헾뢮뛔룟짺닺킧싊뗄릤짌웳튵뫍춶헟짬돶ꆰ냯훺횮쫖ꆱ뗄춬쪱,튲췹췹믡뛔쒳킩죵쫆좺쳥짬돶ꆰ싓뛡횮쫖ꆱꆣ뛸쟒,뗘랽헾뢮풽쫇놻튪쟳맘힢뺭볃랢햹,놾풽쫇쾡좱,춬쪱닆헾럖좨쯹뢳폨뗄닆솦풽쫇폐쿞,냯훺횮쫖폫싓뛡횮쫖뗄컂닮뻍믡풽듳ꆣ쪵쿖쟷샻뇜몦뗄잰쳡쫇쓜릻뛔뗘랽헾뢮뗄쮽죋샻틦쪵쿖폐킧뗄풼쫸ꆣ듋췢,룃쒣탍뮹뿉틔뷢쫍캪쪲쎴헾뢮퓚짦벰릤튵폃뗘뫍짌튵폃뗘랽쏦뗄탐캪랽쪽뻟폐뫜듳닮뇰ꆣ헢쫇틲캪쿠뛔폚랿뗘닺쿮쒿춶,쪵튵(죧훆퓬튵)춶뻟폐죧쿂쿔쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2010쓪뗚4웚ꆡꆤ111ꆤ' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡꆡ럖좨ꆢ퓶뎤폫늻릫욽훸뗄닮틬ꆣ뗚튻,뫳헟춨뎣탨튪퓚튻룶룼뻟뺺헹탔뗄닺욷쫐뎡훐뺭맽뎤웚뛸돖탸뗄뺭펪믮뚯훰붥믱뗃쫕틦,틲듋뛔쇷뚯탔놾뗄컼틽뷏킡,벴F뷏킡;뗚뛾,훆퓬튵뗈쪵튵뿉틔뛔뺭볃퓶뎤뫍뻍튵쳡릩뎤웚뗄릱쿗,뛸럇튻듎탔릱쿗,벴뎤풶살뾴쪵튵춶뗄ꛂ뷏듳ꆣ틲듋,쯤좻뗘랽헾뢮캪쇋ힷ쟳뛌웚뺭볃퓶뎤뫍닆헾쫕죫믡믽벫뾪랢랿뗘닺,늢퓚헷뗘믮뚯훐벫솦톹쯵헷뗘볛룱,떫좴캴뇘믡룸폨랿뗘닺뾪랢짌쳘뇰뛠뗄뗘볛폅믝,뛸쟒뮹췹췹튪쟳랿뗘닺뾪랢짌돐떣듳솿뗄쿠맘믹뒡짨쪩춶,춬쪱튲룼죝틗ퟌ짺뢯냜탐캪ꆣ쿠랴,뛔폚쪵튵춶,뗘랽헾뢮룼풸틢쳡릩솮볛췁뗘뫍믹뒡짨쪩,늢쟒쿔뗃룼볓솮뷠ꆣ(뛾)쾽쟸볤뎣맦뺺헹쿂뗄뗘랽헾뢮탐캪쿖퓚,컒쏇볙짨룷룶뗘랽헾뢮뻟폐쿠춬뗄?뢳쳵볾;쇷뚯놾퓚탎돉놾욷횮잰뿉퓚쾽쟸볤췪좫쇷뚯,늢평듋틽랢뗘랽헾뢮뛔헢킩쇷뚯탔놾뗄뺺헹ꆣ룹뻝뗘랽헾뢮헾벨뾼뫋뗄탎쪽늻춬,헾뢮볤뺺헹뿉놻쾸럖캪솽샠:뎣맦뺺헹,벴짧믡믲헟짏벶헾뢮틀뻝쳘뚨헾뢮쾽쟸ퟔ벺뗄튵벨살움뚨웤헾벨;뷵뇪주(tournament),벴짧믡믲헟짏벶헾뢮닎헕웤쯻헾뢮뗄튵벨살움뚨쳘뚨헾뢮뗄헾벨ꆣ쿖퓚,컒쏇쫗쿈살뾼달뗚튻훖쟩뿶쿂뗄뗘랽헾뢮탐캪ꆣ컒쏇짨쿫:퓚쪱웚0,뗘랽iꆢj럖뇰폐탂헾뢮짏죎,쫐뎡짏ퟜ릲폐2F뗄쇷뚯놾;짏죎뫳,뗘랽헾뢮캪쇋쪵쿖룷ퟔ쾽쟸뗄뺭볃퓶뎤뛸닉좡듫쪩컼틽놾;퓚죎웚쒩,룹뻝룷뗘뗄뺭볃퓶뎤뫍짧믡뫍킳돌뛈,뗘랽헾뢮뗃떽펦폐뗄헾훎믘놨ꆣ틲듋,뿉틔붫뗘랽헾뢮i뗄탐캪쏨쫶캪:maxUNi=hlnGi+(1-h)ꛓlplnair+.ꆡaZ+iepꛋFi1+rp+Ii+CiaiepꛋꇝLai5Gi5G=j5Fi5FjFi+Fj=2Fꆡꆡ컒쏇닉폃쓦췆램쟳뷢ꆣ놾쇷뚯퓚뗘랽iꆢj횮볤듯떽뻹뫢뗄쳵볾캪:/ꛁ2FI(=i1+aiepꛋ-ꛂ)FiꛁI(i1+aiepꛋ-ꛂ/)+ꛁI(j1+ajepꛋ-ꛂ/)ꆡꆡ평폚뗘랽i뫍j뗄?뢳쳵볾쿠쯆,틲듋떱뻹뫢쪱뇘좻폐Ii=Ij,air=ajr,aie=ajeꆣ믹폚듋,룹뻝삭룱샊죕랽램뿉믱뗃뗘랽헾뢮i뗄ퟮ폅뻶닟:N3(air=1-h)ꛓFhFNꛇ;3N1+Naꛇ+N1+ꛁiepꛋ=ꛂ()쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2010쓪뗚4웚ꆡꆤ112ꆤ' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
퇮웤뺲ꆡꆡN3Ii=ꛁh(ꛇN+F1+ꛁ);CN3i=cꛇNꆡꆡ웤훐1Z+ꛁFꛇ=/(1+ꛁ)ꆣ평듋,뗘랽헾뢮i풤웚퓚죎웚쓚뿉믱뗃뺭볃퓶뎤:N(1-h)ꛓlp+h+cGN3i=vꛁꛁꛂꛂh(ꛇ+FN1+ꛁ)ꆣ폫믹ힼ쒣탍쿠뇈뷏,컒쏇뿉틔뗃떽죧쿂쏼쳢ꆣ쏼쳢2ꆡ벴뇣냑B3B3B3(air,aie,Ii,CB3)i쳦듺캪N3N3N3(air,aie,Ii,CN3)i,쏼쳢1튲죔좻돉솢ꆣ돽듋횮췢,뎣맦벤샸뫏풼쿂뗄쾽쟸볤뛔쇷뚯놾뗄뺺헹뮹쪹뗃뗘랽헾뢮뗄닟싔탔탐캪벰웤뛔뺭볃퓶뎤뗄펰쿬돊쿖돶튻킩탂쳘헷:N33N3(1)CN3i<CB3i,air<B3Nair,aie<B3aie,Ii>B3Ii,틲듋GN3i>GB3i;5CN3N3i5air(2)0,5ꛂ<5ꛂ<0;3N35CN3B3N3B3B3N3i5air5a5I<ir5ai5Ii,0<ie5a<ie)0<i5CB(3<,0<,0<<,5F5F5F5F5F5F5F5F틲듋5GB3i5GN3<i0<;5F5FN3B35xi5x(4)=i,웤훐xi=Ci,air,aie,Ii,G5i;z5zN3B35x5x(5)||<||,웤훐x=Ci,a5ir,aie,Ii,Gi,g=h,cꆣg5g룃쏼쳢뗄몬틥쫇:1.폫믹ힼ쒣탍쯹쏨쫶뗄럢뇕뺭볃쿠뇈,뺺헹틑뺭쿔쪾돶쯼뗄솦솿ꆪꆪꆪ쳡룟쇋쇷뚯탔놾뗄첸에솦,쪹뗃뗘랽헾뢮뛔춶헟룼볓폑뫃ꆣ뻟쳥뇭쿖캪,뗘랽헾뢮훷뚯톹쯵ퟔ벺뗄쮽죋샻틦,쿲춶헟쳡릩룼뫃뗄믹뒡짨쪩,룼솮볛뗄췁뗘ꆣ폫듋춬쪱,뻓쏱뛔헾뢮뗄첸에솦쿠뛔쿂붵쇋,틔훁폚헾뢮뛔쯻쏇닉좡룼볓늻릫욽뗄헾닟ꆣ룼뻟쳥뗄쳥쿖퓚죧쿂벸룶랽쏦ꆣ2.뗘랽헾뢮뛔쮽죋샻틦뗄ힷ쟳뫍헷뗘볛룱뾪쪼쫜떽놾욷뗄훘튪돌뛈(ꛂ)뗄펰쿬,늢돊쿖뢺쿠맘맘쾵,벴놾풽쫇쾡좱,퓚짺닺훐뗄ퟷ폃풽듳,쓇쎴뗘랽헾뢮뻍풽폐뚯솦톹쯵헷뗘돉놾,틔뇣룸폨춶헟룼뛠뗄췁뗘볛룱폅믝ꆣ헢훖맘쾵퓚믹ힼ쒣탍훐쫇늻듦퓚뗄ꆣ쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2010쓪뗚4웚ꆡꆤ113ꆤ' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡꆡ럖좨ꆢ퓶뎤폫늻릫욽3.쯤좻쫐뎡훐뗄놾릩룸퓶볓믡쳡룟뗘랽헾뢮뗄첸에솦,떫쾽쟸볤뺺헹쪹헢훖첸에솦뗄쳡짽듲쇋헛뿛ꆣ폫컞쾽쟸볤뺺헹뗄쟩뿶쿠뇈,뗘랽헾뢮뇤뗃룼풸틢캪춶헟쳡릩뫃뗄믹뒡짨쪩쟒늻첫쟩풸쳡룟쫛뗘볛룱,뷸뛸튲늻첫풸틢쳡룟헷뗘볛룱ꆣ뷡맻,놾쯹듸살뗄뇟볊뺭볃퓶뎤믡룼듳튻킩ꆣ4.퓚뎣맦벤샸뫏풼쿂,쾽쟸볤뛔쇷뚯놾뗄뺺헹톹솦뮹늻ퟣ틔웈쪹뗘랽헾뢮룄뇤닆헾쫕죫(Z)뗄쪹폃랽쪽ꆣ뇈죧,퓚믹ힼ쒣탍뫍뎣맦뺺헹쒣탍훐,쯦ퟅ닆헾쫕죫뗄퓶볓,뗘랽헾뢮퓚쮽죋샻틦ꆢ믹뒡짨쪩춶횧돶뫍헷뗘횧돶뗈벸룶랽쏦럖뇰뻟폐쿠춬뗄퓶볓,뛸쟒퓶볓뗄췁뗘볛룱폅믝돌뛈튲쿠춬ꆣ헢틢캶ퟅ,믹뒡짨쪩춶훷튪틀뾿췁뗘죃뷰뗈풤쯣췢쫕죫,뛸늻쫇뗘랽닆헾풤쯣쓚쫕죫ꆣ뇈죧,욽탂쟇뫍냗뷠(2005)뗄퇐뺿랢쿖:뗘랽헾뢮붫풤쯣쓚뷰폃폚싺ퟣ튻냣뗄릫릲욷횧돶(돔랹닆헾);풤쯣췢뷰폃폚싺ퟣ짺닺탔믹뒡짨쪩뗄춶,틔벰컼틽놾,랢햹놾뗘뺭볃ꆣ5.벴뇣죧듋,떱뺭볃퓶뎤퓚뗘랽헾뢮헾벨뾼뫋훐뗄좨훘쿂붵(믲헟뛔뗘랽헾뢮ힷ쟳쮽죋샻틦뗄볠뚽뫍돍랣놻죵뮯)쪱,뗘랽헾뢮뛔쮽죋샻틦뗄ힷ쟳믡퓶볓,쿲춶헟쳡릩솼뫃믹뒡짨쪩뫍솮볛췁뗘뗄믽벫탔믡쿂붵,냾쿷쫜몦헟뗄믽벫탔튲믡쿂붵(믲헟퓶볓)ꆣ떫쿠뛔폚쾽쟸럢뇕뗄쟩뿶,헢킩뇤솿뗄뇤뮯럹뛈뚼쿠뛔뷏킡ꆣ헢틢캶ퟅ,튻랽쏦,쾽쟸볤뺺헹폐훺폚뿘훆뗘랽헾뢮뛔쮽샻뗄ힷ쟳늢퓶잿랢햹뗘랽뺭볃뗄믽벫탔;떫쇭튻랽쏦,쾽쟸볤뺺헹튲믡죵뮯훐퇫헾뢮틖훆뺭볃맽죈뫍캬뮤짧믡릫욽뗄쓜솦,틲캪훐퇫헾닟뗄뇟볊킧펦쿂붵쇋ꆣퟜ횮,쾽쟸볤뛔쇷뚯놾뗄뺺헹쪹뗃뗘랽헾뢮뛔릤짌웳튵뗄ꆰ냯훺횮쫖ꆱ뇤뗃룼볓컂얯늢평듋닺짺룼뿬뗄뺭볃퓶뎤;떫폫듋춬쪱,뗘랽헾뢮뛔쓇킩좱랦쇷뚯탔뗄튪쯘쯹폐헟(햼폐헟)뗄ꆰ싓뛡횮쫖ꆱ좴뇤뗃룼볓몮샤ꆣ(죽)쾽쟸볤뷵뇪주쿂뗄뗘랽헾뢮탐캪컒쏇횪뗀,튻룶뗘랽뗄뺭볃퓶뎤늻뷶좡뻶폚뗘랽헾뢮뗄얬솦,뛸쟒뮹쫜떽웤돵쪼?뢳쳵볾뫍췢늿돥믷뗈뛠훖틲쯘뗄펰쿬,틲듋뷶뷶룹뻝떱뗘뗄뺭볃퓶뎤늢늻쓜ힼ좷에뚨룃뗘랽헾뢮랢햹뺭볃뗄쓜솦뫍캪횮뢶돶뗄얬솦,폈웤쫇떱얬솦횮췢뗄틲쯘뛔뺭볃퓶뎤뗄펰쿬뫜듳쪱ꆣ퓚헢훖쟩뿶쿂,닉폃쿠뛔벨킧,벴튻룶닎폫헟뗄벨킧쫇폫웤쯻닎폫헟벨킧뗄쿠뛔횵,쓇쎴뻍뿉틔뫜뫃뗘업돽퓫틴,닺짺솼뫃뗄벤샸킧맻(LazearandRos2en,1981;NalebuffandStiglitz,1983;Shleifer,1985),뛸쟒쯼틑놻틽죫헾뢮벨킧뗄움볛훐(Salmon,1987;BesleyandCase,1995)ꆣ믹폚룃쮼쿫,뗘랽헾뢮i퓚뺭볃퓶뎤랽쏦뗄헾벨뻍늻퓙쫇볲떥뗘틀삵폚놾뗘뗄뺭볃퓶뎤,뛸쫇폫뗘랽j뗄뺭볃퓶뎤뗄쿠쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2010쓪뗚4웚ꆡꆤ114ꆤ' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
퇮웤뺲ꆡꆡ뛔횵i,벴GGꆣ쿖퓚,뗘랽헾뢮i뗄탐캪쏨쫶캪ꋙ:jmGaxUTii=hlnG+(1-h)ꛓlplnair+.ꆡZ+iepꛋFi1+aiepꛋꇝLairp+Ii+Ci5Gi5G=j5Fi5FjF+F=2Fijꆡꆡ폫뎣맦벤샸뫏풼쿂뗄헾뢮탐캪쿠쯆,닉폃쓦췆램뫍삭룱샊죕랽램,뿉틔뗃떽:T3(1-h)ꛓair=Nꛇ;ꆡFT3T1+aiepꛋ=ꛂ2hF(ꛇT(1+ꛁ+)1+ꛁ)T3I=ꛁ2hc(iꛇT(1+ꛁ+F)1+ꛁ);ꆡCT3=iꛇTꆡꆡ웤훐1Z+ꛁFꛇ=/(1+ꛁ)랽헾뢮i뿉풤웚죎웚쓚쪵쿖T(1-h)ꛓlp+2h/(1+ꛁꆣ평듋,뗘)+c뺭볃퓶뎤:GT3=vꛁꛁꛂꛂ2h(iꛇ+FT(1+ꛁ)1+ꛁ)ꆣ쏼쳢N3N3N33ꆡ벴뇣냑(air,aie,Ii,CN3)i쳦듺캪T3T3T3(air,aie,Ii,CT3)i,쏼쳢2튲죔좻돉솢ꆣ돽듋횮췢,퓚뷵뇪주벤샸뫏풼쿂뗘랽헾뢮뗄닟싔탔탐캪벰웤뛔뺭볃퓶뎤뗄펰쿬뮹믡폐웤쯻튻킩쳘헷:(1)CT3i<CN3T3T33T3i,air<N3air,aie<Naie,Ii>N3Ii,GT3i>GN3i;35CT3i5CN3T3N3T3N3N3Ti5aie5aair5a5I<iri5I(2)0<<,0<<ie5,0<,0<<i,5F5F5F5F5F5F5F5FN3틲듋5Gi5GT3<i0<;5F5F3T3N35CT3T3NT3N3i5CN<i5aie5a,<ie5a5a5I5I(3)0<<0,0<ir<iri,>i>0,틲듋5Z5Z5Z5Z5Z5Z5Z5Z35GT3i5GN>i>0;5Z5Zꋙ샠쯆폚Lazear(1989)ꆢ훜샨낲(2004)춨맽볙짨뗘랽헾뢮i뗄탐캪뛔뗘쟸j폐ꆰ틧돶킧펦ꆱ뛸릹붨쇋튻룶맙풱뷺짽뗄뷵뇪주쒣탍ꆣ쯤좻룃쒣탍뗄뷡싛쓜릻놻틽짪살뷢쫍뗘랽헾뢮볤뗄늻뫏ퟷ탐캪(죧뗘랽놣뮤훷틥),떫웤놾짭늢쎻폐쓜릻쓚짺뮯뗘뷢쫍뗘랽i뗄맙풱쫇춨맽뫎훖탐캪틔벰뫎훖믺훆뛔웤쯻뗘랽헾뢮뗄벨킧닺짺펰쿬뗄ꆣ쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2010쓪뗚4웚ꆡꆤ115ꆤ' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡꆡ럖좨ꆢ퓶뎤폫늻릫욽T3N35x(4)||<5x||,웤훐x=C5i,air,a5ie,Ii,Gi,g=h,cꆣgg룃쏼쳢뗄몬틥쫇:1.죧맻닉좡뷵뇪주뗄벤샸뫏풼,뗘랽헾뢮돽쇋쏦쇙뛔쇷뚯탔놾뗄쾽쟸볤뺺헹횮췢,뮹뇘탫횱뷓쏦쇙쾽쟸볤뺭볃퓶뎤벨킧쿠뮥뇈뷏뗄쮫훘뺺헹톹솦,뛸뫳헟쫇뎣맦벤샸뫏풼쿂쯹늻뻟폐뗄ꆣ헢뷸튻늽잿뮯쇋춶헟뗄첸에솦,웈쪹뗘랽헾뢮뛔춶헟뗄ꆰ냯훺횮쫖ꆱ틬뎣컂얯,벴캪춶헟쳡릩룼뫃뗄믹뒡짨쪩,룼캪솮볛뗄췁뗘,듓뛸듸살룼뿬뗄뺭볃퓶뎤;떫퓚펲뮯뗘랽닆헾풤쯣풼쫸뗄쳵볾쿂,룼폑뫃뗄짌튵뮷뺳좴늻뗃늻틔룼뗍뗄헷뗘돉놾캪듺볛,쪹웤뛔쿠맘뻓쏱뗄ꆰ싓뛡횮쫖ꆱ룼볓샤뿡ꆣ듋췢,죧맻컒쏇냑쒣탍훐뗄ꆰCiꆱ훘탂?쫍캪튻냣뗄릫릲욷릩룸,뇈죧믹뒡뷌폽ꆢ믹놾튽쇆붡뾵ꆢ뮷뺳놣뮤뗈,쓇쎴헾뢮볤뺺헹,폈웤쫇뷵뇪주뻍틢캶ퟅ헢킩릫릲횧돶뗄퇏훘늻ퟣ(KeenandMarchand,1997)ꆣ뮻뻤뮰쮵,떱헾뢮뛔릤짌웳튵뫍춶헟뗄쫖믡뇤뗃룼컂얯쪱,헾뢮뛔웤쯻튻킩뻓쏱뗄싓뛡횮쫖좴믡뇤뗃룼샤뿡,짧믡뫍킳붫쏦쇙퇏훘쳴햽ꆣ2.쯤좻놾릩룸퓶볓믡쳡룟뗘랽헾뢮뗄첸에솦,떫뗘랽헾뢮쳡룟릩뗘볛룱뗄쓜솦퓲뇤뗃럇뎣폐쿞,뷸뛸튲럇뎣늻풸틢퓶볓헷뗘볛룱ꆣ3.뷵뇪주웈쪹뗘랽헾뢮뛔웤닆헾쫕죫(Z)뗄횧돶룱뻖뷸탐뗷헻ꆣ쿠뛔폚믹ힼ쒣탍,쯦ퟅ닆헾쫕죫뗄퓶볓,뷵뇪주쒣탍훐뗄뗘랽헾뢮믡냑룼룟뇈샽뗄닆헾쫕죫폃폚믹뒡짨쪩붨짨,룸폨춶헟췁뗘볛룱폅믝뗄퓶뎤럹뛈룼듳,뛸퓚쮽죋샻틦뫍헷뗘횧돶랽쏦퓶뎤뮺싽ꆣ헢튻뗣쫇뎣맦벤샸뫏풼쿂뗄뗘랽헾뢮쯹늻뻟폐뗄탐캪ꆣ4.쯤좻뷵뇪주쪹뗃뗘랽헾뢮랢햹뺭볃뫍뿘훆쮽죋샻틦뗄벤샸컊쳢뗃떽뷸튻늽뗄뮺뷢,떫훐퇫헾뢮쫔춼뗷뷚짧믡릫욽뫍뿘훆뫪맛뺭볃맽죈뗄헾닟릤뻟좴믡뇤뗃룼볓동뛛ꆣ뻟쳥뛸퇔,벴뇣붵뗍뺭볃퓶뎤퓚헾벨뾼뫋훐뗄좨훘,뷵뇪주튲믡쪹뗘랽헾뢮늻첫풸틢복짙믹뒡짨쪩춶뫍뛔춶헟뗄폅믝헾닟,춬쪱튲늻첫풸틢퓶볓뛔쪧뗘헟뗄늹뎥ꆣ틲캪쯻쏇떣탄ퟔ벺닉좡뷴쯵탔뗄듫쪩늻뷶믡쪧좥뛔춶헟뗄컼틽,뛸쟒뮹믡틲듋퓚헾훎뺺헹훐퓢쫜쪧냜ꆣ헽틲캪듋,뫜뛠톧헟쿠탅,뗘랽헾뢮볤믹폚뺭볃퓶뎤뗄뷵뇪주뺹쫇췆뚯훐맺맺웳룄룯뫍뺭볃돖탸뿬쯙퓶뎤뗄헾훎뺭볃톧믹뒡(QianandRoland,1998;Maskinetal.,2000;Jinetal.,2005;LiandZhou,2005),튲쫇훐맺쳘쫢뗄뺭볃훜웚뫍짧믡늻욽뗈뗄헾훎뺭볃톧믹뒡(췵폀쟕뗈,2007;훜샨낲,2007)ꆣ쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2010쓪뗚4웚ꆡꆤ116ꆤ' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
퇮웤뺲ꆡꆡ쯄ꆡퟜ뷡틔짏컒쏇럖컶쇋퓚훐퇫-뗘랽럖좨볜릹쿂죽훖쟩탎훐뗄뗘랽헾뢮탐캪랽쪽ꆣ컒쏇랢쿖,퓚튻룶뺭볃믹뒡놡죵ꆢ놾쾡좱뗄짧믡훐,폑뫃뗄짌튵헾닟뫍쒳킩짧믡늻릫욽췹췹쫇춼쒱랢햹헢룶펲뇒뗄솽쏦,벴쯤좻럅좨뫍쾽쟸볤뺺헹뿉듌벤뗘랽헾뢮뛔릤짌웳튵룼볓폑짆뛸펮뗃뺭볃퓶뎤,떫좴믡뛔웤쯻튻킩뻓쏱뇤뗃룼볓샤뿡ꆣ쫂쪵짏,헢쫇벸뫵쯹폐랢듯맺볒뗄뇘뺭횮슷(Chang,2002)ꆣ헢틢캶ퟅ,퓚짧믡뺭볃랢햹맽돌훐맘볼뗄컊쳢늢늻쫇죧뫎뛅뻸쯹폐탎쪽뗄짧믡늻릫욽,뛸쫇죧뫎붫헢훖늻릫욽뮯캪뺭볃랢햹늢뿘훆헢훖늻릫욽뗄돌뛈뫍랶캧ꆣ춨맽럖컶,컒쏇뿉틔뗃떽죧쿂튻킩뷡싛ꆣ1.뛔뗘랽헾뢮쮽샻뗄폐킧볠뿘쫇럅좨뗄뇘튪쳵볾,럱퓲벴뇣쪵탐뷵뇪주,튲쓑틔듙쪹뗘랽헾뢮맘힢폚뗘랽뺭볃랢햹뫍캬뮤짧믡릫욽ꆣ헢틢캶ퟅ,볲떥뗘맄뒵춨맽훐퇫쿲뗘랽럖좨살ꆰ췟뷢훐퇫좨췾,틽랢룼뛠뗄쾽쟸볤뺺헹틔벰헾뢮횮볤뗄쿠뮥훆뫢ꆱ붫쫇욬쏦뗄,짵훁쫇캣쿕뗄(Bardhan,2002)ꆣ틲캪퓚짧믡헾훎뺭볃쿠뛔실뫳뗄랢햹훐맺볒,뇈뷏붡좫뗄쏱훷헾훎훆뛈퓚닣벶뷏뗍뗄뗘랽췹췹늻첫쿖쪵:튻퓲,헾뢮닣벶풽뗍풽죝틗놻샻틦벯췅럽믱(BardhanandMoorherjee,2000);뛾퓲,뻓쏱짵훁좱랦믹놾뗄쏱훷볠뚽뗄벼쓜(Bardhan,2002)ꆣ뮻뻤뮰쮵,죧맻폐킧뗄쏱훷헾훎훆뛈컞램벰쪱붨솢,뛸럖좨폖쪹뗃훐퇫즥쪧쇋돍랣뫍벤샸뗘랽헾뢮뗄헾훎좨췾,쓇쎴퓙뫏샭뗄뺭볃뫍닆헾낲업튲늻믡헦헽폐킧듌벤뗘랽헾뢮랢햹뗘랽뺭볃;뛔훐맺살쮵,럖좨쯹듸살뗄뺺헹뫃뒦퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏틀삵폚훐퇫쪼훕헆컕ퟅ헾훎좨췾(BlanchardandShleifer,2001)ꆣ2.훁짙퓚랢햹뗄돵웚,퓚뺭볃쇬폲쫊뛈뗄벯훐붫폐샻폚듙뷸뺭볃퓶뎤폫짧믡뫍킳ꆣ내헕훷쇷맛뗣,펦룃뺡뿉쓜붫좨솦쿂럅,틲캪닣벶풽뗍뗄헾뢮뛔웤쾽쟸뗄쟩뿶쇋뷢풽ힼ좷(Oates,1999)ꆣ떫짏쫶쏼쳢룦쯟컒쏇,죴평닣벶맽뗍뗄뗘랽헾뢮돐떣랢햹뺭볃뗄좨퓰,뿉쓜늻샻폚뺭볃랢햹뫍짧믡릫욽,틲캪쾽쟸첫킡뿉쓜쿞훆쇋뗘랽헾뢮돐떣뷏듳맦쒣믹뒡짨쪩뗄쓜솦(ZhangandZou,1996;DavoodiandZou,1998);늻떫컞솦룸폨놻헷뗘뻓쏱ퟣ릻뗄늹뎥,뛸쟒튲컞램룸폨춶헟ퟣ릻뛠뗄췁뗘볛룱폅믝ꆣ듋췢,퓢폶늻릫욽붻틗뗄뻓쏱죝틗퓚룃쾽쟸쓚탎돉잿폐솦뗄랴뛔솦솿ꆣTreisman(2000)춨맽퇐뺿랢쿖,뻟폐룼뛠헾뢮닣벶뗄맺볒,웤헾뢮뗄훊솿뷏닮ꆪꆪꆪ룼뛠뗄뢯냜,룼닮뗄릫릲컀짺럾컱,룼뛠뗄돉죋컄쎤싊뗈ꆣGerring뗈(2005)샻폃1901ꆫ2000쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2010쓪뗚4웚ꆡꆤ117ꆤ' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡꆡ럖좨ꆢ퓶뎤폫늻릫욽쓪쯹폐쏱훷맺볒뗄쫽뻝퇐뺿랢쿖,룷훖횸뇪뚼랴펳돶떥튻훆맺볒뗄헾뢮훊솿폅폚솪냮훆맺볒ꆣꋙퟜ횮,훐퇫-뗘랽횮볤퓚뺭볃쇬폲뗄ퟮ폅럅좨훁짙펦룃쫇짏쫶솽훖솦솿뗄좨뫢ꆣ3.짏쫶퇐뺿튲낵쪾,횻폐떱쫂좨엤틔쿠펦뗄닆좨,뗘랽헾뢮닅믡퓚듙뷸뺭볃랢햹훐늻훁폚훆퓬맽뛈뗄짧믡늻릫헽ꆣ춬쪱,쯦ퟅ뺭볃뗄랢햹,풴뇤뗃풽살풽쾡좱,죧맻죔좻붫뺭볃퓶뎤ퟷ캪뾼뫋뗘랽헾뢮뗄쫗튪횸뇪,쓇쎴뷏뿬뗄뺭볃퓶뎤붫냩쯦ퟅ헻쳥짧믡뢣샻뗄쿂붵,틲듋폐뇘튪죵뮯뗘쟸뺭볃퓶뎤퓚뗘랽헾뢮헾벨뾼뫋횸뇪훐뗄좨훘ꆣ떱좻,컒쏇뗄쒣탍튲듦퓚ퟅ튻킩좱쿝ꆣ쫗쿈,놾컄훷튪뮹쫇튻킩뺲첬쒣탍,뛸쟒쎻폐ퟐ쾸뿌뮭뺭볃퓶뎤돉맻뗄럖엤룱뻖,틲듋뛔뺭볃랢햹뗄헾훎뺭볃톧맽돌샭뷢뮹늻쫇럇뎣뺫쾸ꆣ웤듎,컒쏇쎻폐뾼싇쯦ퟅ짧믡뺭볃뗄랢햹,뻓쏱틔췁뗘죫막탎쪽폫춶헟릲춬붨솢웳튵늢럖쿭캴살쫕틦뗄뿉쓜탔ꆣ퓙듎,컒쏇뗄쒣탍캴쓜붫훐퇫헾뢮쫚폨뗘랽헾뢮뗄헷뗘쏦믽(L)쓚짺뮯ꆣퟮ뫳,쯤좻쾽쟸볤돵쪼?뢳춬훊탔볙짨볲뮯쇋럖컶,떫튲뿉쓜슩뗴쇋탭뛠폐틢틥뗄뷡싛ꆣ쫂쪵짏,헢킩컊쳢헽벤샸컒쏇ퟶ뷸튻늽뗄퇐뺿ꆣ닎뾼컄쿗:뢵폂ꆢ헅(2007):ꆶ훐맺쪽럖좨폫닆헾횧돶뷡릹욫쿲:캪퓶뎤뛸뺺헹뗄듺볛ꆷ,ꆶ맜샭쫀뷧ꆷ뗚3웚ꆣ쇖틣럲ꆢ쇵횾잿(2000):ꆶ훐맺뗄닆헾럖좨폫뺭볃퓶뎤ꆷ,ꆶ놱뺩듳톧톧놨ꆷ(헜톧짧믡뿆톧냦)뗚37뻭뗚4웚ꆣ욽탂쟇ꆢ냗뷠(2005):ꆶ훐맺닆헾럖좨폫뗘랽릫릲욷뗄릩룸ꆷ,놱뺩듳톧훐맺뺭볃퇐뺿훐탄쳖싛컄룥ꆣ췵폀쟕ꆢ헅ꆢ헂풪ꆢ돂뫍슽쏺(2007):ꆶ훐맺뗄듳맺랢햹뗀슷ꆪꆪꆪ싛럖좨쪽룄룯뗄뗃쪧ꆷ,ꆶ뺭볃퇐뺿ꆷ뗚1웚ꆣ퇮웤뺲ꆢ쓴믔뮪(2008):ꆶ놣뮤쫐뎡뗄솪냮훷틥벰웤엺에ꆷ,ꆶ뺭볃퇐뺿ꆷ뗚3웚ꆣ퇮죰쇺(1998):ꆶ컒맺훆뛈뇤잨랽쪽뮯뗄죽뷗뛎싛ꆷ,ꆶ뺭볃퇐뺿ꆷ뗚1웚ꆣ헅ꆢ릨쇹쳃(2006):ꆶ럖쮰훆룄룯ꆢ닆헾럖좨폫훐맺뺭볃퓶뎤ꆷ,ꆶ뺭볃톧(벾뾯)ꆷ뗚5뻭뗚1웚ꆣ훜샨낲(2004):ꆶ뷺짽늩?훐헾뢮맙풱뗄벤샸폫뫏ퟷꆷ,ꆶ뺭볃퇐뺿ꆷ뗚6웚ꆣꆪꆪꆪ(2007):ꆶ훐맺뗘랽헾뢮뗄뷺짽뷵뇪주쒣쪽퇐뺿ꆷ,ꆶ뺭볃퇐뺿ꆷ뗚7웚ꆣꋙ룃컄짦벰뗄헾뢮훊솿횸뇪쫇:(1)헾훎랢햹,웤훐냼삨뢯냜뫍맙쇅쳥쾵훊솿ꆢ헾뢮킧싊ꆢ헾훎컈뚨ꆢ램싉훈탲뗈;(2)뺭볃랢햹,냼삨횸뇪쎿잧죋펵폐뗧뮰쫽ꆢ뷸뿚맘쮰ꆢ쎳틗뾪럅뛈ꆢ춶퓶뎤싊ꆢ맜훆훊솿ꆢ죋뻹GDP;(3)죋샠랢햹,냼삨펤뛹쯀췶싊ꆢ풤웚쫙쏼ꆢ돉죋컄쎤싊ꆣ쫀뷧뺭볃3ꆡ2010쓪뗚4웚ꆡꆤ118ꆤ' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
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