뺭볃움싛ꆡ2009쓪뗚2웚ECONOMICꆡREVIEWꆡNo12ꆡ2009좫쟲볛횵솴쒣쪽뗄닺튵틆:짌컱돉놾폫톧쾰쟺쿟뗄쫓뷇헅짙뻼ꆡ샮뚫랽Ξꆡꆡ햪튪:훐맺퓚춨맽돐뷓좫쟲볛횵솴쒣쪽뗄닺튵틆돉캪ꆰ쫀뷧볓릤뎧ꆱ뗄춬쪱,튲쏦쇙ퟅ닺튵짽벶뫍쯵킡뗘쟸닮뻠뗄쮫훘죎컱ꆣ좫쟲볛횵솴쒣쪽닺튵틆쓚몭뗄ퟷ폃믺샭,쪹웤돉캪훐맺췪돉쮫훘죎컱뗄돶랢뗣ꆣ놾컄뻍듋횸돶,퓚럢뇕뺭볃쳵볾쿂,좫쟲볛횵솴쒣쪽뗄닺튵틆퓚뚫늿뫍훐컷늿뗘쟸횮볤쓜럱쪵쿖좡뻶폚솽뗘짌컱돉놾뷡릹뗄뛔뇈ꆣ뛸퓚뾪럅뺭볃쳵볾쿂,캪쇋뇜쏢닺튵췢틆떽웤쯻랢햹훐맺볒,훐맺퓲펦룃솢ퟣ폚퓚캻폅쫆뫍듳맺폅쫆릹붨맺쓚볛횵솴,틔돤럖랢믓톧쾰쟺쿟뗄킧펦,냚췑뗍뛋쯸뚨뫍쟸폲랢햹쪧뫢뗄쮫훘삧뺳ꆣ맘볼듊:좫쟲볛횵솴ꆡ닺튵틆ꆡ짌컱돉놾ꆡ톧쾰쟺쿟ꆡ맺쓚볛횵솴튻ꆢ틽퇔(튻)좫쟲볛횵솴뛔훐맺뗘쟸닮뻠뗄펰쿬룄룯뾪럅틔살,훐맺솢ퟣ폚솼뫃뗄믹뒡짨쪩ꆢ솮볛뗄샍뚯솦뫍룟킧뗄닺튵벯좺,춨맽돐뷓맺볊닺튵틆쟐죫좫쟲볛횵솴훐돐떣볓릤ퟩힰ뮷뷚,돉캪좫쟲ퟮ뻟뺺헹솦뗄듺릤훆퓬욽첨ꆣ떫쫇,훐맺돐뷓맺볊닺튵틆뗄랽쪽,놾훊짏쫇랢듯맺볒춨맽좫쟲볛횵솴(GlobalValueChain,GVC)뿘훆뫍럽믱훐맺뗍뛋닺튵뗄맘쾵,늢평듋퓬돉쇋뗍뛋쯸뚨뫍뗘쟸닮뻠뗄삩듳,훷튪믺훆뿉쫡샭캪:뗚튻,뚫늿뗘쟸싊쿈볓죫GVC탎돉뗄쿈랢폅쫆뫍퓚캻폅쫆쪹웤뺭볃퓶뎤믱뗃쇋늻뛏ퟔ컒벯뻛뗄솦솿ꆣ헢훖짺닺뗄벯훐뻍믡닺짺뗘쟸횮볤쫕죫짏뗄닮뻠ꆣ듋췢,평폚뚫늿뗘쟸삵틔볓죫GVC뗄뇈뷏폅쫆쫇튻냣뗄ꆢ뗍벶뗄짺닺튪쯘,헢퇹뻍탎돉쇋훐컷늿뗘쟸뗄솮볛샍뚯솦뫍ퟔ좻풴풴풴늻뛏뗘쇷쿲뚫늿ꆣ훐컷늿뗘쟸횻쫇뗃떽쇋뗍벶튪쯘뗄놨돪ꆣ뗚뛾,탎돉쇋틔췢뷸탐맺볊듺릤캪훷뗄짺닺쒣쪽ꆣ헢훖췢훷떼뗄맺볊듺릤쒣쪽튻랽쏦샻폃쇋훐맺뗄튪쯘?뢳폅쫆,쇭튻랽쏦폖붫ퟔ짭뛔쓚웳튵뗄벼쫵맘솪뿘훆퓚낲좫뗄랶캧쓚ꆣ폚쫇,GVC훷떼뗄닺튵틆뗄잰뫳쿲솪쾵킧펦듳캪복죵,튲쪹훐맺뚫훐컷늿뗘쟸죽듳뗘듸킭뗷솪뚯뗄킧펦듳듳붵뗍ꆣ뗚죽,훐맺뗄볓릤쎳틗ꆰ솽춷퓚췢ꆱ뗄쒣쪽,쪹뗃뚫늿퇘몣뗘쟸뗄웳튵퓚놻럽믱뗄볛횵솴훐쪵쿖쇋튻뚨돌뛈뗄릤틕짽벶뫍닺욷짽벶,떫쫇늢쎻폐췪돉룼룟벶뗄릦쓜짽벶뫍늿쏅볤짽벶ꆣ헢퇹,GVC퓚맺쓚뗄톭뮷솴쳵뫍퓋탐뮷뷚첫뛌,늻샻폚맺쓚룷룶닺튵뗄맘솪킭뗷랢햹(쇵횾뇫뗈,2008)ꆣ뿉볻,훐맺볓죫좫쟲볛횵솴뗄랽쪽,쪹뗃믹폚좫쟲ퟮ뻟뺺헹솦뗄듺릤훆퓬욽첨탎돉뗄훐맺웦벣쒿잰쏦쇙ퟅ죧쿂쳴햽:뗚튻,훐맺퓚좫쟲볛횵솴훐췪돉쇋릤틕짽벶뫍닺욷짽벶뫳,퓚듓쫂룼룟벶뗄릦쓜짽벶뫍늿쏅짽벶쪱폶떽쇋욿뺱,폐뮬죫뗍뛋쯸뚨뫍욶삧쪽퓶뎤쿝?뗄뿉쓜ꆣ뗚뛾,뚫늿뗘쟸싊쿈볓죫좫쟲볛횵솴,돉캪쇋횧독훐맺웦벣뗄훷쳥ꆣ뛸맣듳뗄훐컷늿뗘쟸퓲싙캪뗍뛋튪쯘뗄릩펦뗘,퓢쫜쇋ꆰퟔ좻풴ꆱퟧ훤ꆣ평듋퓬돉뗄뗘쟸닮뻠틑뺭돉캪삧죅훐맺뺭볃돖탸퓶뎤뫍짧믡좫쏦뷸늽뗄훘듳컊쳢ꆣ(뛾)닺튵틆뛔훐맺닺튵짽벶뫍쟸폲킭뗷랢햹뗄틢틥룼쇮죋떣폇뗄쫇,쯦ퟅ뚫늿뗘쟸튪쯘돉놾뗄짏짽ꆢ죋쏱뇒뗄짽횵뫍쎳틗쒦닁뗄퓶볓,벯뻛폚뚫늿퇘몣뗘Ξ헅짙뻼,쓏뺩듳톧뺭볃톧풺,폊헾뇠싫:210093,뗧ퟓ탅쿤:54foxzhang@;샮뚫랽,컷놱듳톧릫릲맜샭톧풺,폊헾뇠싫:710069,뗧ퟓ탅쿤:xbdxldf@ꆣ놾컄캪2006쓪뛈맺볒짧믡뿆톧믹뷰훘뗣쿮쒿ꆰ뚫늿뗘쟸췢쿲뺭볃랢햹뗄샭싛폫뛔닟퇐뺿ꆱ(06AJL005)뗄뷗뛎탔돉맻;뷌폽늿죋컄짧믡뿆톧훘뗣퇐뺿믹뗘2005쓪뛈훘듳쿮쒿ꆰ뎤죽뷇뗘쟸훆퓬튵닺튵솴쿲룟뛋엊짽뗄슷뺶폫헾닟퇐뺿ꆱ(05JJD790084)뗄뷗뛎탔돉맻;2008쓪뛈맺볒짧믡뿆톧믹뷰쿮쒿ꆰ닺튵틆폫쟸폲킭뗷랢햹:좫쟲볛횵솴쫓뷇쿂뗄뛔닟퇐뺿ꆱ(08CJY005)뗄뷗뛎탔돉맻ꆣ룐킻쓤쏻짳룥죋뗄놦맳틢볻ꆣ떱좻,컄퓰ퟔ뢺ꆣ65
쟸뗄볓릤닺튵뾪쪼쿲췢틆ꆣ룹뻝퇇훞킬튵킭믡뗄춳볆쫽뻝쿔쪾,ퟷ캪ꆰ쫀뷧킬뚼ꆱ뗄뚫?뗄킬튵웳튵훐,쒿잰폐25%ퟳ폒떽퇇훞맺볒죧풽쓏ꆢ펡뛈ꆢ쏥뗩뗈맺볒짨뎧,폐50%ퟳ폒떽훐맺쓚슽쪡럝죧뫾쓏ꆢ붭컷ꆢ맣컷ꆢ뫓쓏뗈뗘짨뎧,횻폐25%ퟳ폒뗄웳튵쒿잰뮹뒦폚맛췻ힴ첬ꆣꋙ쓇쎴,닺튵틆쓜럱쯵킡뗘쟸닮뻠,쪵쿖쟸폲뺭볃킭뗷랢햹?죧뫎춨맽닺튵틆냚췑뗍뛋쯸뚨,뎬풽맺볊듺릤?닺튵틆뗄뚯틲쫇쪲쎴?뻶뚨닺튵틆뗄쒿뗄뗘폖쫇쪲쎴?믘듰헢킩컊쳢,뛔폚훐맺췪돉닺튵짽벶뫍쯵킡뗘쟸닮뻠뗄쮫훘죎컱뻟폐훘듳틢틥ꆣ뿍맛뗘쮵,훐맺ퟷ캪튻룶랢햹훐뗄듳맺,뗘쟸볤퓚ퟔ좻쳵볾ꆢ튪쯘?뢳뫍뺭볃랢햹뗈랽쏦듦퓚ퟅ닮틬,닺튵짽벶뫍쟸폲킭뗷랢햹뗄쮫훘죎컱췹췹쫇튻룶솽쓑삧뺳ꆣ볈늻쓜폃룷뗘쟸뚼늻랢햹뗄랽쪽,튲늻쓜폃뚫훐컷늿뗘쟸ꆰ웫춷늢뷸ꆱ뗄랽쪽,쿖쪵뗄톡퓱횻쓜쫇쟸폲폅쿈랢햹헾닟,벴뚫늿퇘몣뗘쟸샻폃ퟔ짭폅쫆,싊쿈볓죫GVC,튵뮯폚샍뚯쏜벯탍뮷뷚뗄닺튵벯좺,쪹룃뗘쟸쫗쿈돉캪훐맺뺭볃퓶뎤뗄훷튪틽쟦ꆣ퓚랢햹첬쫆돊쿖돶ꆰ벫뮯킧펦ꆱ뗄믹뒡짏,훰늽믱좡벫뮯뫳뗄ꆰ삩즢킧펦ꆱ,듸뚯훐컷늿뗘쟸뗄랢햹웰량ꆣ헢훖헾닟톡퓱퓚랢햹뗄퓧웚뷗뛎쫇뇘튪뗄튲쫇뇘좻뗄톡퓱ꆣ훐맺룄룯뾪럅30쓪뗄쪵볹,튲횤쏷헢훖햽싔믹놾짏쫇돉릦뗄,떫쫇뚫늿뗘쟸뗄삩즢킧펦죧뫎랢믓틔듸뚯훐컷늿뗘쟸랢햹,뚫훐컷늿뗘쟸죧뫎퓚뮥뚯뗄맽돌훐랢믓듳맺폅쫆뎬풽맺볊듺릤,퓲쫇췪돉닺튵짽벶뫍쟸폲킭뗷랢햹쮫훘죎컱뗄맘볼쯹퓚ꆣ훐컷늿뗘쟸쓑틔폫퇘몣뗘쟸쪵쿖킭뗷퓶뎤뗄풭틲,놾짭뻍쫇쪮럖뢴퓓뗄컊쳢ꆣ뛸훐맺춻웆랢듯맺볒뗄럢쯸톹향,췪돉닺튵짽벶뗄뿉탐슷뺶룼쫇튻쿮뢴퓓볨뻞뗄쾵춳릤돌ꆣ놾컄짨쿫뗄쫇,훐맺뗘쟸볤뺭볃돉뎤쓑틔킭뗷뗄훘튪풭틲횮튻,쫇평폚뚫늿뗘쟸퓚볓죫GVC뗄맽돌훐,ퟔ짭뛔ꆰ쫀뷧볓릤뎧ꆱ뗄뗍뛋뚨캻,퓚쒳훖돌뛈짏냑훐컷늿뗘쟸톹훆퓚풭닄쇏뫍샍뚯솦뗈짺닺튪쯘릩펦짌뗄뗘캻짏,퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏틖훆쇋훐컷늿뗘쟸랢햹샍뚯쏜벯탍닺튵뗄뿕볤뫍뿉쓜뗄톡퓱ꆣ틲듋,뚫늿뗘쟸횻폐뎬풽듺릤뷇즫,쿲룟뛋엊짽퇓뎤볛횵솴,캪훐컷늿뗘쟸쳚돶랢햹뿕볤,닅뿉쓜쯵킡뗘쟸닮뻠ꆣ랴맽살,뚫늿뗘쟸죴쫔춼냚췑ꆰ쫀뷧볓릤뎧ꆱ뗄뗍뛋뚨캻쿲볛횵솴룟뛋엊짽,평폚폫랢듯맺볒닺짺쇋룹놾뗄샻틦돥춻,뇘좻믡떼훂랢듯맺볒뗄톹훆ꆣ틲듋,훐맺횻폐샻폃듳맺폅쫆쯹탎돉뗄닺튵쳝뛈뫍퓚캻폅쫆쯹탎돉뗄톧쾰킧펦,돤럖랢믓맺쓚쫐뎡맦쒣뗄뻞듳뫍닣듎뗄뛠퇹탔뗄ퟷ폃,닅뿉쓜훺췆닺튵짽벶ꆣ뿉볻,쮫훘죎컱뗄췪돉쫇뮥캪쳵볾ꆢ뮥쿠횧독뗄ꆣ뛾ꆢ좫쟲볛횵솴쒣쪽뗄닺튵틆(튻)뺭뗤쫓뷇:믹폚닺욷볤럖릤뗄닺튵틆쒣쪽닺튵틆쫇횸쯦ퟅ벼쫵뷸늽ꆢ짺쏼훜웚뫍돉놾뇤뮯뗈틲쯘,틽웰뗄닺튵듓튻룶맺볒(믲뗘쟸)틆떽쇭튻룶맺볒(믲뗘쟸),벴닺튵늼뻖퓚뗘샭뿕볤짏뗄훘탂뗷헻ꆣ닺튵틆틀뻝틆뗄랶캧뿉럖캪맺볊닺튵틆뫍맺쓚닺튵틆ꆣ뗚뛾듎쫀뷧듳햽틔살,맺볊닺튵틆릲쿆웰쇋죽듎샋뎱ꆣ뗚튻듎쫇20쫀볍50쓪듺훁60쓪듺,쏀맺붫럄횯ꆢ룖쳺뗈뒫춳닺튵틆떽죕놾뫍풭솪냮뗂맺,ퟔ벺퓲벯훐솦솿랢햹냫떼쳥ꆢ춨톶뫍뗧ퟓ볆쯣믺뗈벼쫵쏜벯탍닺튵ꆣ평듋떼훂쇋죕놾볌펢맺ꆢ쏀맺횮뫳,돉캪뗚죽룶ꆰ쫀뷧릤뎧ꆱꆣ뗚뛾듎쫇70쓪듺훁80쓪듺,듋듎닺튵틆훷튪랢짺퓚뚫퇇뗘쟸ꆣ죕놾쿈쫇붫럄횯뗈샍뚯쏜벯탍닺튵틆룸뚫퇇ꆰ쯄킡쇺ꆱ,뷓ퟅ폖붫놾쏜벯탍닺튵틆돶좥,ퟮ훕듟짺쇋뚫퇇웦벣ꆣ뗚죽듎쫇90쓪듺틔살,쏀맺ꆢ죕놾뫍뚫퇇ꆰ쯄킡쇺ꆱ뗈뷸탐뗄닺튵틆ꆣ훐맺ퟷ캪헢듎닺튵틆뗄훷튪쒿뗄뗘,돉캪쇋헢듎샋뎱ퟮ듳뗄쫜틦헟횮튻ꆣ뛔폚닺튵틆뗄뚯틲,쿖폐뗄샭싛훷튪폐:Vernon(1966)뗄닺욷짺쏼훜웚샭싛죏캪,탂닺욷뗄벼쫵랢햹믡뺭맽탂닺욷ꆢ돉쫬뫍뇪ힼ뮯죽룶뷗뛎,쿠펦뗘믡뺭샺퓚랢듯맺볒뒴탂짺닺뫍돶뿚,틆떽랢햹훐맺볒,퓙쿲랢듯맺볒돶뿚뗄맽돌ꆣ킡떺쟥(1987)뗄뇟볊닺튵샭싛죏캪,튻맺펦룃쿲맺췢춶틆뗄쫇퓚놾맺쪧좥뇈뷏폅쫆뗄닺튵,뛸룃닺튵퓚뚫뗀맺좴뻟폐믲잱퓚뻟폐뇈뷏폅쫆ꆣDunning(1981)뗄맺볊짺닺헛훐샭싛듓캢맛닣쏦뛔닺튵뗄뿧맺틆뷸탐쇋뷢쫍ꆣ룃샭싛죏캪,웳튵믡틀뻝쯹폐좨폅쫆ꆢ쓚늿뮯폅쫆뫍쟸캻폅쫆뗄쟩뿶,닉좡늻춬뗄맺볊뺭볃믮뚯랽쪽ꆣ돠쯉튪듓죕놾닺튵랢햹뗄뺭퇩돶랢,붫죕놾뗄닺튵랢햹슷뺶맩쓉캪ꆰ뷸뿚ꇺ맺쓚짺닺(뷸뿚쳦듺)ꇺ돶뿚ꆱ뗄량퇣쒣쪽ꆣ룃쒣쪽뛔탂탋뗄릤튵뮯맺볒뫍뗘쟸뗄닺튵랢햹폐뷏뫃뗄뷢쫍솦ꆣ(뛾)GVC쫓뷇:믹폚닺욷쓚럖릤뗄닺튵틆쒣쪽볈폐뗄닺튵틆샭싛훷튪듓틆쪲쎴닺튵(닺욷짺쏼훜웚샭싛뫍뇟볊닺튵샭싛)ꆢ죧뫎틆(맺볊짺닺헛훐샭싛)뫍췹뫎뒦(량퇣쒣쪽)죽룶랽쏦뷸탐쇋싛쫶,뛔뗚뛾듎쫀뷧듳햽뫳뗄잰솽듎닺튵틆뷸탐쇋뷏뫃뗄뷢쫍ꆣ떫쫇,20쫀볍쒩웚돶쿖뗄뗚죽듎맺볊닺튵틆샋뎱ퟮ쿔훸뗄쳘헷쫇,좫쟲뮯뗄훷떼헟뿧맺릫쮾,캪쇋믱뗃좫쟲뺺헹솦,붫뢽볓횵뗍뗄닺욷짺닺릤탲췢냼룸쯻맺,믲떽쯻맺춶짨뎧뷸탐짺닺,ퟔ벺횻놣쇴닺욷뗄퇐랢ꆢ짨볆뫍펪쿺뗈뢽볓횵룟뗄릤탲ꆣퟷ캪헢듎닺튵틆훷튪쒿뗄뗘뗄훐맺,솢ퟣ폚맺쓚쫐뎡듸살뗄맦쒣뺭볃ꆢ솮볛뛸폖럡풣뗄샍뚯솦ꆢ닺튵벯좺듸살뗄벯뻛킧펦뫍헾뢮훷떼뗄춶탍닆헾,춨맽짺닺쎳틗춶튻쳥뮯,ꋙꆶ컴쪱믔믍쫀뷧킬뚼ꆡ뷱죕킬웳믲벯쳥뎷샫ꆷ,볻ꆶ탅쾢쪱놨ꆷ,2007-12-18ꆣ66
톸쯙좷솢쇋ퟔ벺ꆰ쫀뷧볓릤뎧ꆱ뗄뗘캻ꆣ춨맽ꆰ쳹없ꆱꆢꆰ췢냼ꆱ뫍ꆰODMꆱ뗄짺닺쒣쪽,훐맺돉캪좫쟲볛횵솴(GVC)훐튵뮯폚샍뚯쏜벯탍뮷뷚뗄짺닺헟ꆣ훐맺돉캪쫀뷧짏ퟮ듳뗄좫쟲훆퓬듺릤릤뎧,쫇맺볊닺튵틆퓚닺욷쓚럖릤뗄쳥쿖,룼ힼ좷뗘쮵,쫇맺볊짺닺뮷뷚틆ꆣ뗚뛾듎쫀뷧듳햽뫳,맺볊닺튵듓얷쏀틆떽죕놾,폖듓죕놾틆떽뚫퇇ꆰ쯄킡쇺ꆱꆣ듓20쫀볍90쓪듺뾪쪼,폖틔볓릤쎳틗뗄랽쪽틆떽훐맺ꆣퟮ훘튪뗄쫇,퓚듺릤짺닺쒣쪽훘튪탔틦랢쿔훸뗄좫쟲뮯쪱듺,퓚늻춬맺볒뫍뗘쟸볤틆뗄늻퓙쫇쒳튻닺튵믲닺욷,뛸쫇룃닺튵믲닺욷훐뗄늻춬튪쯘쏜벯뗄뮷뷚뫍릤탲ꆣ튲뻍쫇쮵,퓚맺볊닺튵틆뗄럖릤믹뒡듓닺욷볤짮뮯떽닺욷쓚횮뫳,뻍늻퓙듦퓚쮥췋닺튵믲돉쫬닺욷,횻듦퓚뗍뢽볓횵뫍룟뢽볓횵뗄뮷뷚ꆣ뛸뗚죽듎맺볊닺튵틆샋뎱뗄놾훊쫇늻춬맺볒(믲뗘쟸)틀뻝ퟔ짭뗄돉놾폅쫆뛔볛횵솴뗄늻춬뮷뷚뷸탐돐뷓뫍훘헻ꆣ캪쇋룼뫃뗘럖컶맺볊닺튵틆탂쒣쪽뗄펰쿬,놾컄붫믹폚닺욷볤럖릤뗄닺튵틆쒣쪽돆캪뒫춳쒣쪽뗄닺튵틆,붫믹폚닺욷쓚럖릤뗄닺튵틆쒣쪽돆캪좫쟲볛횵솴쒣쪽뗄닺튵틆ꆣ놾컄퓚듋붫믹폚좫쟲볛횵솴샭싛뛔좫쟲볛횵솴쒣쪽뗄닺튵틆뷸탐첽뺿ꆣ좫쟲볛횵솴샭싛웰풴폚20쫀볍80쓪듺맺볊짌튵퇐뺿헟쳡돶뗄볛횵솴샭싛ꆣKogut(1985)죏캪볛횵솴쫇벼쫵ꆢ풭쇏뫍샍뚯죚뫏퓚튻웰ퟷ캪룷훖춶죫,춨맽ퟩힰ뮷뷚탎돉ퟮ훕짌욷,ퟮ뫳춨맽쫐뎡붻틗뫍쿻럑뗈췪돉볛횵톭뮷뗄맽돌ꆣ튻맺뗄뇈뷏폅쫆뻶뚨쇋볛횵솴뗄룷룶뮷뷚퓚맺볒횮볤죧뫎뷸탐뿕볤엤훃,뛸웳튵뗄뺺헹쓜솦뻶뚨쇋웳튵펦룃힢폚퓚볛횵솴짏뗄쓄룶뮷뷚,틔뇣좷놣뺺헹폅쫆ꆣKrugman(1995)첽쳖쇋웳튵퓚늻춬뗄뗘샭뿕볤엤훃룷룶볛횵뮷뷚뗄쓜솦컊쳢ꆣ헢뻍쪹뗃볛횵솴샭싛췘햹떽볛횵솴훎샭쒣쪽폫닺튵뿕볤틆뗄맘쾵랽쏦ꆣArndt뫍Kierzkowski(2001)횸돶짺닺맽돌퓚좫쟲뗄럖샫쫇튻훖탂뗄쿖쿳ꆣ헢훖짺닺럖룮튪쎴춨맽뿧맺릫쮾쓚늿뗄튻쳥뮯,튪쎴춨맽쎳틗뗈랽쪽뒹횱럖샫돶좥ꆣGVC쒣쪽뗄닺튵틆퓚좫쟲뮯뗄뷸돌훐돊쿖돶죽룶쳘뗣:뗚튻,닺튵틆뗄훷쳥쫇GVC훐뗄훷떼탔웳튵(LeadFirms)ꆣ훷떼탔웳튵틀뻝늻춬맺볒룷ퟔ뗄뇈뷏폅쫆엤훃쿠펦뗄뮷뷚,듓뛸뿉틔춬쪱랢믓맦쒣뺭볃뫍뇈뷏폅쫆뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ뗚뛾,닺튵틆맽돌훐듦퓚쏷쿔뗄벯뻛킧펦,탎돉쇋릦쓜뛠퇹뛸폖뮥쿠킭ퟷ뗄닺튵벯좺ꆣ뗚죽,닺튵틆틑듓훆퓬튵삩햹떽럾컱튵,쳘뇰쫇짺닺헟럾컱튵ꆣ뛸럾컱췢냼뗄랢햹쪹뗃룷맺뗄닺튵맘솪뫍뺭볃뮥뚯룼볓뷴쏜랱퓓ꆣGVC쒣쪽뗄닺튵틆쪹뗃랢햹훐맺볒폐믺믡죚죫맺볊럖릤쳥쾵,럖쿭뺭볃좫쟲뮯뗄샻뗃ꆣ떫쫇,뒦폚볛횵솴솽뛋뗄퇐랢짨볆뫍펪쿺욷없뗄뢽볓횵룟,뒦폚볛횵솴훐볤뗄ퟩힰ볓릤뮷뷚뢽볓횵뗍ꆣ뛸랢듯맺볒뗄뫋탄뺺헹솦뻍살ퟔ폚퇐랢뫍펪쿺뗈뢽볓횵룟뗄뮷뷚,랢햹훐맺볒돐뷓뗄횻쫇볛횵솴훐뗍뢽볓횵뗄뮷뷚ꆣ헢퇹,뛔랢햹훐맺볒뻍듦퓚튻룶쿲볛횵솴룟뛋엊짽뗄컊쳢ꆣ듋췢,늻맜쫇뗚튻듎닺튵틆샋뎱뗄훷튪돐뷓뗘죕놾,뮹쫇뗚뛾듎닺튵틆샋뎱뗄훷튪돐뷓뗘퇇훞뚫퇇ꆰ쯄킡쇺ꆱ,뚼쎻폐맣삫뗄쓚슽뢹뗘뫍뛠퇹뮯뗄쫐뎡뮷뺳,틲듋뻍늻듦퓚쳘뚨쟸폲싊쿈랢햹벰평듋듸살뗄뗘쟸닮뻠컊쳢ꆣ쯤좻GVC쒣쪽뗄닺튵틆쫇퓬돉훐맺뗍뛋쯸뚨뫍쟸폲쪧뫢뗄풭틲횮튻,떫쫇GVC쒣쪽뗄닺튵틆벰웤쓚몭뗄ퟷ폃믺샭,쪹웤폖돉캪훐맺췪돉닺튵짽벶뫍쯵킡뗘쟸닮뻠뗄돶랢뗣ꆣ죽ꆢ럢뇕뺭볃쳵볾쿂뗄좫쟲볛횵솴쒣쪽닺튵틆:믹폚짌컱돉놾뗄럖컶뿲볜(튻)닺튵틆뗄솦솿폫짌컱돉놾뷡릹뺭볃믮뚯퓚뗘샭뿕볤짏쫇벯뻛뮹쫇틆,좡뻶폚췆뚯뗘샭벯뻛뗄쿲탄솦(Centripetal)뫍듙뷸뿕볤삩즢뗄샫탄솦(Centrifugal)횮볤뗄뚯첬퇝뇤뫍솦솿좨뫢ꆣ틀뻝탂뺭볃뗘샭톧(뿋슳룱싼,2007),쿲탄솦훷튪냼삨잰뫳쿲맘솪킧펦ꆢ쏜벯탍샍뚯쫐뎡뫍틧돶킧펦;샫탄솦훷튪냼삨짺닺튪쯘뗄럇쇷뚯탔뫍튪쯘볛룱ꆣ떱쿲탄솦듳폚샫탄솦,뺭볃믮뚯뗄벯뻛뻍믡볌탸잿뮯;랴횮,뺭볃믮뚯뻍믡춨맽닺튵틆퓚뿕볤짏삩즢ꆣ놾컄듋뒦붫샻폃짌컱돉놾샭싛뛔헢솽훖솦솿뷸탐돩쿳볲뮯,틔룼뫃뗘뛔닺튵벯뻛폫닺튵틆뗄톡퓱뷸탐럖컶ꆣ짌컱돉놾쫇횸웳튵퓚짺닺뺭펪웚볤쯹횧돶뗄룷훖럑폃뗄ퟜ뫍,튻냣뿉럖캪튪쯘돉놾뫍붻틗돉놾솽듳샠ꆣ튪쯘돉놾훷튪쫇횸샍뚯솦ꆢ췁뗘뫍풴뗈튪쯘뗄볛룱쮮욽;뛸붻틗돉놾훷튪쫇폫훆뛈쿠맘뗄돉놾,폫쫐뎡뮯돌뛈ꆢ닺튵엤쳗뮷뺳ꆢ헾뢮킧싊폫쮰럑ꆢ믹뒡짨쪩뫍램훆뮯쮮욽뗈폐ퟅ쏜쟐뗄솪쾵ꆣ뷡뫏탂뗘샭뺭볃톧뫍짌컱돉놾샭싛뿉횪,쿲탄솦훷튪쫇춨맽붵뗍웳튵뺭볃믮뚯뗄붻틗돉놾살듙뷸닺튵벯뻛;떫쫇닺튵벯뻛뗄늻뛏잿뮯믡퓬돉떱뗘튪쯘돉놾뗄늻뛏엊짽,퓚듯떽쒳튻쇙뷧횵횮뫳,뻍닺짺쇋췆뚯닺튵틆뗄샫탄솦ꆣ틲듋,튪쯘돉놾뫍붻틗돉놾횮볤뗄뚯첬뇤뮯ꆪꆪꆪ짌컱돉놾뷡릹뗄뚯첬뇤뮯ꆪꆪꆪ뻍믡뮯캪쿲탄솦뫍샫탄솦횮볤뗄늩?,뷸뛸틽랢닺튵퓚뿕볤짏뗄훘탂엤훃ꆣ볛횵솴쒣쪽뗄닺튵틆퓚늻춬뗄뿕볤뷸탐돐뷓뫍엤훃,웤늻춬뮷뷚뗄톡횷뻶닟훷튪쫇평돉놾살뻶뚨뗄ꆣ뷸튻늽살쮵,볛횵솴늻춬뗄뮷뷚,뛔폚튪쯘돉놾뫍붻틗돉놾뗄좨뫢쫇늻춬뗄ꆣ튻냣뛸퇔,퓚볛횵솴훐뒦폚뗍뛋뗄볓릤ퟩힰ뮷뷚,훷튪쫇샻폃솮볛뫍럡풣뗄뗍뛋튪쯘(죧샍뚯솦ꆢ췁뗘뫍ퟔ좻풴뗈)믱뗃뺺헹솦,뛔튪쯘돉놾뗄뇤뮯뇈뷏쏴룐ꆣ퓚볛횵솴훐뒦폚볛횵솴룟뛋뗄훷튪쫇퇐랢뫍펪쿺뗈뢽볓횵룟뗄뮷뷚틔벰ퟩ횯훎샭헻67
쳵볛횵솴뗄퓋펪믮뚯,뻟폐횪쪶뫍벼쫵쏜벯탍뗄쳘헷,틲뛸,쯼쏇뗄틆훷튪뾼싇뗄쫇좫쟲햽싔,뛔튪쯘돉놾쿠뛔늻쏴룐뛸뛔붻틗돉놾뇈뷏쏴룐ꆣ(뛾)훐맺뚫훐컷늿뗘쟸짌컱돉놾뷡릹뗄닮틬뛔닺튵틆뗄펰쿬쒿잰퓚훐맺뚫늿퇘몣뗘쟸듓쫂볓릤ퟩힰ뗄웳튵,평폚힢폚샍뚯쏜벯탍뗄뮷뷚,닺욷뢽볓횵뗍,샻죳뿕볤폐쿞,쯹틔뛔튪쯘돉놾뗄뇤뚯럇뎣쏴룐ꆣ뚫늿퇘몣뗘쟸튪쯘돉놾뗄짏짽,믡룄뇤짌컱돉놾뗄뷡릹,튻떩샫탄솦듳폚쿲탄솦,헢킩닺튵뻍믡쿲튪쯘돉놾룼뗍뗄쟸폲틆ꆣ훐맺뚫늿퇘몣뗘쟸뗄GVC쒣쪽닺튵틆뗄쒿뗄뗘폐솽룶:훐컷늿뗘쟸뫍웤쯻랢햹훐맺볒ꆣ놾컄쫗쿈뾼싇퓚럢뇕뺭볃쳵볾쿂뗄쟩뿶,벴닺튵퓚훐맺늻춬쟸폲횮볤틆뗄뿉쓜탔ꆣ튻냣살쮵,튪쯘돉놾쿠뛔뷏뗍뗄뗘랽,췹췹펪짌뮷뺳늻병(죧쿖듺짺닺헟럾컱튵잷랢듯ꆢ믹뒡짨쪩닮ꆢ램훎뮯돌뛈뗍뫍헾뢮럾컱늻맦랶),틲듋붻틗돉놾믡뇈뷏룟;뛸튪쯘돉놾쿠뛔뷏룟뗄뗘랽,췹췹짺닺헟럾컱튵ꆢ믹뒡짨쪩ꆢ램훎쮮욽뫍헾뢮럾컱룟뛈랢듯,틲듋붻틗돉놾믡뇈뷏뗍ꆣ뛔폚튪쯘돉놾,웳튵췹췹뿉틔춨맽쳡룟킧싊살붵뗍떥캻닺욷뗄돉놾(죧퓋폃쿈뷸뗄믺웷짨놸ꆢ쪹폃쿈뷸뗄맜샭랽쪽뗈);뛸붻틗돉놾뛔폚웳튵살쮵믹놾짏쫇췢짺뇤솿,늻퓚웳튵뿘훆뗄랶캧횮쓚ꆣ훐맺ퟷ캪랢햹훐뗄듳맺,늻춬뗘쟸뗄짌컱돉놾뗄쮮욽뫍뷡릹쫇늻춬뗄ꆣ듓뇭1뗄쫽뻝럖컶,훐컷늿뗘쟸뗄횰릤욽뻹믵뇒릤뫍짌욷랿욽뻹쫛볛뗄뻹횵럖뇰캪14737풪/쓪ꆢ17077풪/쓪뫍1963풪/욽랽쏗ꆢ1923풪/욽랽쏗,늻뷶뗍폚뚫늿뗘쟸뗄욽뻹쮮욽,튲뗍폚좫맺욽뻹쮮욽ꆣ뿉볻,훐컷늿뗘쟸퓚샍뚯솦돉놾뫍췁뗘볛룱짏뚼폐뇈뷏폅쫆,탎돉쇋돉놾ꆰ췝뗘ꆱꆣ듓뗧솦릩쟳닮뛮(랢뗧솿복좥뗧솦쿻럑솿)살뾴,뚫늿뗘쟸쫇뢺횵;뛸훐컷늿뗘쟸뚼쫇헽횵,럖뇰캪틚잧췟킡쪱뫍틚잧췟킡쪱ꆣ쫂쪵짏,훐컷늿뗘쟸쫇컒맺쓜풴뫍뷰쫴뿳뗈ퟔ좻풴뗄훷튪뒢님뗘,폫뚫늿뗘쟸쿠뇈뻟폐풴폅쫆ꆣ헢킩뻍탎돉쇋훐컷늿뗘쟸폫뚫늿뗘쟸뗄튪쯘돉놾쳝뛈,캪컼틽닺튵틆쳡릩쇋뿉쓜탔ꆣ떫쫇,듓붻틗돉놾뗄뷇뛈살뾴,훐컷늿뗘쟸뗄룟쯙릫슷쏜뛈뫍뎤춾맢샂쏜뛈뗄뻹횵럖뇰캪릫샯/췲욽랽릫샯ꆢ릫샯/췲욽랽릫샯뫍릫샯/욽랽릫샯ꆢ릫샯/욽랽릫샯,뻹뗍폚좫맺욽뻹쮮욽,룼쫇풶풶뗍폚뚫늿뗘쟸뗄욽뻹쮮욽ꆣ뿉볻,훐컷늿뗘쟸뗄믹뒡짨쪩뫍춨탅쓜솦뮹늻릻랢듯뇣샻ꆣ뚫늿뗘쟸헾뢮뗄탐헾탔쫕럑뫍랣쎻쫕죫햼닆헾쫕죫뗄뇈훘캪,튲뗍폚훐컷늿뗘쟸,헢뇭쏷솽뗘헾뢮퓚쮰럑뫍킧싊뗈랽쏦튲듦퓚닮뻠ꆣ훐맺뚫늿뗘쟸횮쯹틔쓜릻돉캪쫀뷧볓릤뎧,늻뷶뷶쫇틀뾿솮볛뗄샍뚯솦뗈튪쯘돉놾뗄폅쫆,룼훘튪뗄쫇퓚닺튵엤쳗ꆢ컯쇷돉놾뫍뗘랽헾뢮킧싊뗈랽쏦탎돉뗄폅쫆,닅컼틽쇋볛횵솴쒣쪽뗄닺튵틆ꆣ틲듋,훐컷늿뗘쟸퓚컼틽닺튵틆뗄맽돌훐,뇘탫춨맽늻뛏뗘폅뮯펪짌뮷뺳,붵뗍풭살룟뛮뗄붻틗돉놾,닅쓜붫닺튵틆뗄뿉쓜탔뮯캪쿖쪵탔ꆣ뇭1ꆡꆡ2005쓪룷쪡짌컱돉놾릹돉횸뇪튪쯘돉놾붻틗돉놾횰릤욽뻹짌욷랿욽뻹뗧솦릩쟳룟쯙릫슷쏜뎤춾맢샂쏜탐헾탔쫕럑폫뗘쟸믵뇒릤(쓪쿺쫛볛룱(풪(풪뛈(/)/욽랽쏗닮췟뛮뛈()킡틚쪱잧)욽랽릫릫샯샯/췲)랽릫릫샯샯/욽랣)헾쎻쫕쫕죫죫뇈햼훘닆좫뻹횵맺뇪ힼ닮뚫뻹횵늿뇪ힼ닮훐뻹횵늿뇪ힼ닮컷뻹횵늿뇪ힼ닮ꆡꆡ쇏살풴ꆶ:2007쓪훐맺랿뗘닺춳볆쓪본ꆷ,놱뺩,훐맺춳볆돶냦짧,2007ꆶ;훐맺쓜풴닺튵뗘춼2006-2007ꆷ,놱뺩,짧믡뿆톧컄쿗돶냦짧,2006ꆶ;탂훐맺컥쪮컥쓪춳볆쇏믣뇠ꆷ,놱뺩,훐맺춳볆돶냦짧,2005ꆶ;2006쓪훐맺춳볆쓪본ꆷ,놱뺩,훐맺춳볆돶냦짧,2006ꆣ컒쏇폖럖뇰폃좫맺ꆢ뚫ꆢ훐뫍컷늿쇹쿮횸뇪뗄뇪ힼ닮돽틔웤뻹횵,랢쿖듓ퟜ쳥살뾴,좫맺뗄뇪ힼ닮폫뻹횵횮뇈듳폚뚫ꆢ훐뫍컷늿뗄뇪ힼ닮폫뻹횵횮뇈ꆣ헢듓쇭튻룶랽쏦펡횤쇋좫맺랶캧쓚닺튵쳝뛈뗄듦퓚ꆣ헢훖늻춬뗘쟸짌컱돉놾뷡릹랽쏦뗄닮틬탔,뿍맛짏캪GVC쒣쪽뗄닺튵틆퓚맺쓚뒴퓬쇋쳵볾ꆣ튻떩훐컷늿뗘쟸쓜릻돐뷓틆맽살뗄볓릤뮷뷚,뚫늿뗘쟸짌컱돉놾뗄짏짽쟷쫆붫뇤싽,헢퇹뻍뿉틔룼뫃뗘랢믓붻틗돉놾랽쏦뗄뇈뷏폅쫆,랢햹볛횵솴훐뢽볓횵룟뗄뮷뷚뫍짺닺헟럾컱튵,듓훆퓬믹뒡쿲ퟜ늿믹뗘탍,돉캪탂닺욷뗄퇐랢훐탄ꆢ횪쪶닺좨뗄훐탄ꆢ탅쾢붻쇷뗄훐탄ꆢ쎳틗뚩떥뗄훐탄뫍뚨볛뗄훐탄ꆣ춨맽헢룶믹뗘,뿉틔뛔헻룶탐튵쳡릩룟뛋럾컱,퓶볓뫋탄뺺헹솦ꆣ뛸훐컷늿뗘쟸컼틽떽ퟔ벺벱탨뗄샍뚯쏜벯탍뮷뷚,뿉68
틔뷢뻶듳솿뗄쪣폠샍뚯솦뗄뻍튵컊쳢,쳡룟췁뗘풴뫍믹뒡짨쪩뗈뗄샻폃킧싊,샍뚯헟뗄짺믮쿻럑튲뿉틔삩듳떱뗘뗄쓚탨,쯵킡뗘쟸뺭볃랢햹닮뻠ꆣ훐컷늿뗘쟸춨맽붵뗍붻틗돉놾컼틽닺튵틆,늻뷶뿉틔쯵킡뗘쟸닮뻠,룼훘튪뗄쫇닺튵틆틢캶ퟅ훐컷늿뗘쟸튲룼쏜벯뗘볓죫쇋볛횵솴,듓뛸삩듳쇋쫐뎡맦쒣ꆣ퇇떱ꆤ쮹쏜퓚ꆶ맺뢻싛ꆷ훐횸돶,럖릤쫇뺭볃퓶뎤뗄풴좪ꆣ떱럖릤늻뛏쾸뮯틔뫳,쎿튻룶샍뚯헟횻ퟶ튻늿럖릤ퟷ,쯻뗄벼쓜뻍믡뫜뿬쫬솷;믺웷짨놸뫍벼쫵쳡짽뗄믺믡튲믡럇뎣듳,ퟮ훕떼훂짺닺킧싊뗄쳡룟ꆣ뛸튻룶맺볒믲뗘쟸뗄쫐뎡맦쒣쫇훆풼럖릤돌뛈뗄훘튪틲쯘ꆣ쫐뎡풽듳,뿉쓜뷸탐뗄럖릤뻍풽쾸,킧싊뻍풽룟ꆣ닺튵틆훐컷늿뗘쟸틢캶ퟅ쫐뎡맦쒣뗄삩듳,헢뻍룸춨맽럖릤쳡룟킧싊뒴퓬쇋쳵볾ꆣ좻뛸,럖릤돌뛈뗄짮뮯믡듸살룼뛠뗄붻틗뮷뷚뫍룼룟뗄붻틗욵싊,듓뛸떼훂붻틗럑폃퓶볓ꆣ횻폐떱평폚럖릤짮뮯퓶볓뗄붻틗돉놾킡폚럖릤짮뮯퓶볓뗄킧싊쪱,쫐뎡맦쒣뗄삩듳춨맽럖릤살쳡룟킧싊뗄뿉쓜탔닅쓜뇤돉쿖쪵탔ꆣ쯹틔,훐컷늿뗘쟸붻틗돉놾뗄붵뗍늻뷶맘쾵떽닺튵틆뗄컊쳢,룼쫇춨맽랢믓쫐뎡맦쒣ꆢ짮뮯럖릤뫍쳡룟킧싊살쪵쿖닺튵짽벶뗄맘볼쯹퓚ꆣ쯄ꆢ뾪럅뺭볃쳵볾쿂뗄좫쟲볛횵솴쒣쪽닺튵틆:틽죫톧쾰쟺쿟뗄럖컶(튻)짌컱돉놾ퟜ솿뗄뇤뚯쟷쫆뛔닺튵틆뗄펰쿬놾컄퓚뗚죽늿럖첽쳖뚫늿뗘쟸뗄닺튵틆,붫쒿뗄뗘쿞뚨퓚맺쓚,벴퇐뺿뗄쫇맺쓚늻춬쟸폲횮볤뗄닺튵틆ꆣ떫쫇,뚫늿뗘쟸뗄듺릤웳튵쫇틔췢캪훷,웤톡퓱닺튵틆쒿뗄뗘틀뻝뗄쫇돉놾ꆣ룼훘튪뗄쫇,GVC쒣쪽뗄닺튵틆퓚뿕볤짏뗄늼뻖룼뛠뗄쫇GVC훐뗄훷떼탔웳튵믹폚좫쟲뺺헹햽싔뗄뾼싇ꆣ틲듋,컒쏇뇘탫뾼싇럅뿭볙짨,틽죫뾪럅뺭볃쳵볾쿂뗄쟩탎ꆣ헢퇹뚫늿뗘쟸뗄듺릤웳튵틆뻍폐솽룶뿉쓜뗄쒿뗄뗘:훐컷늿뗘쟸뫍웤쯻랢햹훐맺볒ꆣ떱훐맺뚫늿뗘쟸뗄짌컱돉놾뗄ퟜ쳥쮮욽쫇늻뛏짏짽뗄쪱뫲,뚫늿퇘몣뗘쟸뗄듺릤닺튵뻍뿉쓜틆떽웤쯻뻟폐뗍솮튪쯘볛룱뗄랢햹훐맺볒ꆣ듋쪱,뻍늻쫇닺튵쓚잨,뛸쫇닺튵췢틆ꆣ퓚쏦쇙튪쯘돉놾쮮욽쿠닮늻뛠뗄쟩뿶쿂,웳튵퓚뻶닟쪱,룼힢훘퓚붻틗돉놾뷏뗍뗄쟸폲톡횷ꆣ틲듋,훐컷늿뗘쟸퓚뫍웤쯻랢햹훐맺볒컼틽닺튵틆뗄뺺헹훐,뇘탫춨맽늻뛏뗘폅뮯펪짌뮷뺳,붵뗍풭살룟뛮뗄붻틗돉놾,닅뿉쓜뇜쏢닺튵췢틆ꆣ뚫쓏퇇뗈뗘뗄랢햹훐맺볒퓚폫훐맺뺺헹췢뗄맽돌훐,뻍쫇ퟱ톭헢훖풭샭ꆣ헢킩맺볒퓚튪쯘볛룱쿠뛔폚훐맺뚫늿퇘몣뗘쟸뻟폐폅쫆뗄쳵볾쿂,늻뛏뗘폅뮯펪짌뮷뺳,붵뗍풭살룟뛮뗄붻틗돉놾,틲듋뛔맺볊닺튵틆닺짺쇋뻞듳뗄컼틽솦ꆣ훐맺ퟷ캪랢햹훐뗄듳맺,쓚슽뢹뗘벫웤맣삫,퓬돉쇋쟸폲랢햹뗄뛠훘쳝뛈ꆣ헢뻍뻶뚨쇋닺튵틆퓚훐맺쫇튻룶싾뎤뗄맽돌ꆣ떫쫇,쯦ퟅ뺭볃퓶뎤뫍짧믡랢햹,튻맺짌컱돉놾뗄쮮욽쫇훰붥짏짽뗄ꆣ듓뇭2뗄쫽뻝뿉횪,훐맺폫웤쯻랢햹훐맺볒뗄짌컱돉놾쿠뇈,컞싛쫇퓚튪쯘돉놾랽쏦뮹쫇퓚붻틗돉놾랽쏦,퓚ퟜ쳥짏늢늻뻟폐뇈뷏폅쫆ꆣ쓇쎴,쏦쇙뎬풽듺릤뫍쟸폲뻹뫢랢햹뗄훐맺죧뫎퓚ퟔ짭짌컱돉놾늻뛏엊짽뗄쳵볾쿂,뇜쏢닺튵췢틆?룼뷸튻늽뗘쮵,죴훐컷늿뗘쟸폫웤쯻랢햹훐맺볒쿠뇈퓚튪쯘돉놾뫍붻틗돉놾쿠뇈뚼늻뻟놸폅쫆뗄쟩뿶쿂,죧뫎컼틽닺튵틆,폖죧뫎폫뚫늿뗘쟸킭ퟷ뮥뚯췪돉닺튵짽벶쓘?뇭2ꆡꆡ룷맺짌컱돉놾릹돉횸뇪튪쯘돉놾붻틗돉놾1맺볒벰990-2004쓪15쯪2쓪웤뻹틔퓶짏뎤뗄싊샍뚯솦쏜004쓪죋뿚랽뛈((%)릫죋샯/욽2슽00떭4쮮쓪뿉풴퓙짺쓚2(튵00)솢랽쏗죋/돉5쓪뒴냬웳)쫕죫놾냙햼죋뻹2005쓪쎿럖뇈냙췲죋튻럾뗄낲좫2004쓪컱웷쫽쏜욽뛈쳺슷(랽릫릫샯샯/)쫀뷧-훐맺펡뛈풽쓏첩맺십살컷퇇췁뛺웤쒫컷룧룧쮹듯샨볓ꆡꆡ쇏살풴ꆶ:WorldDevelopmentIndicators2006ꆷ,TheWorldBank,2006.(뛾)톧쾰쟺쿟킧펦뛔닺튵짽벶뫍쟸폲킭뗷랢햹뗄ퟷ폃믺샭훐맺돉캪좫쟲ퟮ뻟뺺헹솦뗄듺릤훆퓬욽첨,늻뷶쫇믹폚짌컱돉놾뗄폅쫆,뮹퓚폚춨맽쟐죫좫쟲볛횵솴뫳,믱뗃뗄ꆰ퓚캻폅쫆ꆱꆣ뻟쳥살쮵,훐맺퓚떯탔짺닺ꆢ릤돌쓜솦ꆢ랴펦쯙뛈ꆢ맦쒣훆퓬뫍뫳쟚퓋돯뗈랽쏦뻟놸쇋쿠떱돌뛈뗄뺺헹솦ꆣ헢뻍룸훐맺퓚뾪럅쳵볾쿂췪돉닺튵짽벶뫍쟸폲킭뗷랢햹쮫훘죎컱쳡릩쇋볡쪵뗄믹뒡ꆣ놾컄퓚듋붫샻폃톧쾰쟺쿟샭싛럖컶훐맺뗄ꆰ퓚캻폅쫆ꆱ뛔폚췪돉쮫훘죎컱뗄ퟷ폃믺샭ꆣ톧쾰쟺쿟뗄룅쓮ퟮ퓧평Wright(1936)쳡돶,쫇횸짺닺튻떥캻닺욷쯹탨튪뗄횱뷓샍뚯쪱볤틔쒳튻늻뇤쯙뛈쯦ퟅ샛믽뗄짺닺솿뗝복ꆣ퓚쯦뫳뗄쪵볹뫍퇐뺿훐,톧쾰쟺쿟놻췘햹캪짺닺몯쫽,벴떥캻닺욷뗄짺닺쪱볤(믲돉놾)쯦ퟅ닺솿뗄늻69
뛏퓶볓뛸쿠펦뗘복짙ꆣ평폚톧쾰쟺쿟쯹랴펳뗄닺솿폫짺닺쪱볤(믲돉놾)횮볤뗄맘쾵쫇쳥쿖퓚짺닺맽돌훐뗄,쯹틔톧쾰쟺쿟킧펦튲놻돉캪ꆰ룉훐톧ꆱ킧펦(싞뗂쏷,1997)ꆣ닺짺톧쾰쟺쿟킧펦뗄풭틲폐:뗚튻,쫬쓜짺쟉ꆣ춨맽훘뢴탔뗄릤ퟷ퓶볓샍뚯쫬솷돌뛈,쯵뛌샍뚯쪱볤,듓뛸쳡룟샍뚯짺닺싊ꆣ뗚뛾,뇪ힼ뮯ꆣ쯦ퟅ샛볆닺솿뗄늻뛏퓶듳,틲캪맽돌ꆢ쇣볾뫍풭닄쇏뗈랽쏦뇤뗃룼캪뇪ힼ뮯,닺욷뫍릤틕룄뷸믡쳡룟킧싊,떼훂돉놾쿂붵ꆣ뗚죽,튵럖릤ꆣ닺솿뗄퓶볓쪹룼캪튵뮯뗄럖릤돉캪뿉쓜,헢뻍뿉틔믱뗃헫뛔헢킩럖릤뗄룼뛠뺭퇩늢쟒닙ퟷ뗃룼뿬,듓뛸듙쪹짺닺킧싊뗄쳡룟ꆣ뗚쯄,맘솪킧펦ꆣ짺닺닺욷룷룶뮷뷚뗄웳튵뚼ퟱ듓톧쾰쟺쿟,듓뛸쪹헻룶짏쿂폎뇤뗃룼캪폐킧ꆣ뛸쿻럑헟쯦ퟅ쿻럑솿뗄퓶볓뛔닺욷폐쇋룼뛠뗄쳥퇩,쯻쏇쳡돶뗄룄뷸횮뒦붫째춸랴삡떽훆퓬맽돌ꆣ뗚컥,릲쿭킧펦ꆣ죎뫎듓튻룶닺욷(믲볛횵솴)짏믱뗃뗄킧싊쳡룟랽쪽튲뿉틔춨맽릲쿭탐뚯믲풴,폃폚웤쯻닺욷(믲볛횵솴),듓뛸닺짺톧쾰킧펦ꆣ뗚쇹,뺺헹폅쫆ꆣ쯦ퟅ닺솿뗄퓶볓,웳튵믡퓚짺닺ꆢ맜샭뫍펪쿺뗈랽쏦훰늽믽샛돶럡뢻뗄뺭퇩뫍횪쪶,탎돉웳튵뗄뫋탄뺺헹솦,죧볛횵솴뗄훎샭쒣쪽ꆢ뺫틦짺닺랽쪽뗈ꆣ볓죫GVC뗄듺릤웳튵뗄닺튵짽벶튻냣ퟱ톭죧쿂슷뺶:릤틕짽벶(쳡짽릤틕쇷돌뗄킧싊)ꇺ닺욷짽벶(틽죫탂닺욷믲룄뷸뻉닺욷)ꇺ릦쓜짽벶(엊짽떽뢽볓횵룟뗄뮷뷚)ꇺ솴쳵짽벶(쿲탂뗄뢽볓횵룼룟뗄솴쳵)ꆣ춨맽뛔닺짺톧쾰킧펦풭틲뗄럖컶,컒쏇랢쿖:쫬쓜짺쟉ꆢ뇪ힼ뮯뫍튵럖릤쫇횧독릤틕짽벶뫍닺욷짽벶뗄풴좪,뛸맘솪킧펦ꆢ릲쿭킧펦뫍뺺헹폅쫆퓲쫇췆뚯릦쓜짽벶뫍솴쳵짽벶뗄솦솿ꆣ훐맺돉캪좫쟲ퟮ뻟뺺헹솦뗄듺릤훆퓬욽첨,웤볤뗄돉뎤맽돌뿉틔샭뷢캪듺릤웳튵죧뫎싺ퟣ뚩떥튪쟳ꆢ헾뢮죧뫎뒴퓬펪짌뮷뺳뗄톧쾰쟺쿟ꆣ훐맺룄룯뾪럅30쓪살뗄룟쯙퓶뎤늻뷶퓬뻍쇋뻙쫀훵쒿뗄훐맺웦벣,튲쪹뗃훐맺뗄짌컱돉놾늻뛏짏짽ꆣ뛸쏦쇙닺튵짽벶뫍쯵킡뗘쟸닮뻠쮫훘쳴햽뗄훐맺튪뇜쏢짌컱돉놾짏짽듸살뗄닺튵췢틆,뻍뇘탫돤럖랢믓ퟔ짭뗄퓚캻폅쫆,샻폃톧쾰쟺쿟킧펦ꆣ퓚춼1훐,쟺쿟DF쫇톧쾰쟺쿟,뇭쪾쯦ퟅ샛볆닺솿뗄퓶볓,떥캻닺욷뗄돉놾늻뛏뗝복ꆣ뛸횱쿟AB뇭쪾짌컱돉놾쟺쿟,뇭쪾샛볆닺솿폫떥캻닺욷뗄돉놾돊헽쿠맘ꆣ쟺쿟MO퓲쫇톧쾰쟺쿟뫍짌컱돉놾쟺쿟뗄쿠볓,뇭쪾톧쾰킧펦뫍짌컱돉놾뛔떥캻닺욷돉놾뗄ퟜ킧펦ꆣ훐맺쒿잰믱뗃뗄퓚캻폅쫆쫇믹폚쟐죫좫쟲볛횵솴,춨맽쫬쓜짺쟉ꆢ뇪ힼ뮯뫍튵럖릤뗈췪돉뗄릤틕짽벶뫍닺욷짽벶ꆣ헢훖퓚캻폅쫆뻍뮯캪돉놾폅쫆,퇓뮺쇋짌컱돉놾짏짽뛔훐맺맺볊뺺헹솦뗄펰쿬ꆣ떫쫇,훐맺쒿잰평폚훖훖풭틲캴쓜췪돉릦쓜짽벶뫍늿쏅짽벶ꆣ헢훖뗍뛋쯸뚨떼훂톧쾰쟺쿟킧펦돶쿖쇋ꆰ톧쾰룟풭ꆱ뗄쿖쿳,벴닺솿뗄볌탸퓶볓늢늻쓜떼훂떥캻닺욷돉놾뗄붵뗍ꆣ퓚춼1훐,떱닺솿퓶볓떽Q3횮뫳,톧쾰쟺쿟퓚E뗣돶쿖쇋럖닦,퇝뇤캪쟺쿟DEF뫍쟺쿟DEGꆣ듋쪱,뗍뛋쯸뚨떼훂톧쾰킧펦늻퓙듦퓚,짌컱돉놾짏짽뗄쟷쫆뻍컞램볌탸뮺복,뇭쿖캪쟺쿟MO퓚N뗣돶쿖뇤뮯,볓쯙짏짽돉캪쟺쿟MNPꆣ쟺쿟MNP뗄볓쯙짏짽믡쿷죵훐맺닺욷뗄맺볊뺺헹솦ꆣ틲듋,뿋럾ꆰ톧쾰룟풭ꆱ뗄쿖쿳뻍쫇맘볼쯹퓚ꆣ춼1ꆡ짌컱돉놾폫톧쾰쟺쿟듓닺짺톧쾰킧펦풭틲폫닺튵짽벶맽돌뗄뛔뇈럖컶뿉횪,랢믓톧쾰쟺쿟뗄맘솪킧펦ꆢ릲쿭킧펦뫍뺺헹폅쫆잡잡뻍쫇릦쓜짽벶뫍솴쳵짽벶뗄쓚죝ꆣ헢퇹,뿋럾ꆰ톧쾰룟풭ꆱ쿖쿳뻍뮯캪죧뫎췪돉닺튵짽벶랢믓톧쾰쟺쿟킧펦뗄쏼쳢ꆣ훐맺뗄닺튵짽벶맽돌,쪼훕쏦쇙ퟅ쮫훘볐믷:뒦폚룟뛋뗄GVC훷떼탍웳튵뗄뛴훆폫웤쯻랢햹훐맺볒잱퓚뷸죫뗄췾킲ꆣ폫듋춬쪱,훐맺ퟷ캪랢햹훐뗄맬맺볒,쯵킡뗘쟸닮뻠뗄죎컱튲틬뎣볨뻞ꆣ떫쫇훐맺닺튵짽벶맽돌훐뗄쟸폲쪧뫢컊쳢볈쫇쳴햽,룼쫇믺폶ꆣ놾컄퓚틽퇔늿럖횸돶,쮫훘죎컱뗄췪돉쫇뮥캪쳵볾ꆢ뮥쿠횧독뗄ꆣ(죽)릹붨맺쓚볛횵솴돤럖랢믓톧쾰쟺쿟킧펦훐맺폫죕놾ꆢ퇇훞ꆰ쯄킡쇺ꆱ뫍뚫쏋룷맺ퟮ듳뗄쟸뇰쫇맺쓚쫐뎡맦쒣뗄뻞듳뫍닣듎뗄뛠퇹탔ꆣ놾컄죏캪,샻폃훐맺뗄퓚캻폅쫆뫍듳맺폅쫆릹붨맺쓚볛횵솴(NVC),쫇췪돉쮫훘죎컱뗄뿉탐슷뺶ꆣ맺쓚볛횵솴(NVC)쫇횸평놾췁웳튵훷떼뫍훎샭뗄ꆢ솢ퟣ맺쓚쫐뎡뫍닉폃듺릤랽쪽,톧쾰뫍룏뎬GVC뗄좫쟲짺닺췸싧ꆣ냍컷뫍펡뛈뗈맺뗄짽벶뺭퇩뇭쏷,솢ퟣ맺쓚쫐뎡믱뗃퇐랢뫍펪쿺쓜솦,좻뫳뷸죫훜뇟뫍쫀뷧쫐뎡뗄놾췁웳튵,퓚GVC훐췹췹뇭쿖돶뷏잿뗄릦쓜짽벶폫늿쏅짽벶뗄쓜솦(Schmitz,2004)ꆣ쓇쎴NVC췆뚯릦쓜짽벶폫늿쏅짽벶뗄믺샭뺿뺹퓚뫎뒦,놾컄듋뒦붫뷡뫏톧쾰쟺쿟샭싛뷸탐첽뺿ꆣ70
뗚튻,듓맘솪킧펦뗄뷇뛈럖컶ꆣ듓릩룸랽쏦살뾴,쒿잰볓죫GVC뗄놾췁듺릤웳튵뚨캻폚돶뿚떼쿲,릦쓜틑뺭췋뮯캪떥튻뗄볓릤ퟩힰꆣ폫듋춬쪱,맺쓚뮹폐틔놾맺쫐뎡캪떼쿲뗄놾췁웳튵뫍돶뿚듺샭짌,헢죽샠웳튵룷폐폅쫆ꆣ춨맽릹붨뫍랢햹NVC,뿉틔붫놾췁듺릤웳튵퓚짺닺랽쏦뗄폅쫆ꆢ틔맺쓚쫐뎡캪떼쿲뗄놾췁웳튵퓚퇐랢뫍펪쿺랽쏦뗄폅쫆ꆢ돶뿚듺샭짌퓚뾪췘맺볊쫐뎡짏뗄폅쫆뷡뫏웰살,듸뚯짏쿂폎닺튵뗄랢햹,퓚뮥쿠톧쾰뫍킭ퟷ헻뫏훐믱뗃뺺헹솦ꆣ듓탨쟳랽쏦살뾴,평폚NVC솢ퟣ폚맺쓚쫐뎡,헢퇹뻍뿉틔룼뫃뗘럾컱폚놾맺쿻럑헟ꆣ뛸놾맺쿻럑헟뗄쿻럑뺭퇩춨맽랴삡믺훆뷸죫떽릩룸랽,탎돉솼탔뮥뚯ꆣ뗚뛾,듓릲쿭킧펦뗄뷇뛈럖컶ꆣLuiza뗈(2004)듓훊솿룄뷸ꆢ볛룱쿷복ꆢ뿬쯙릩펦ꆢ짨볆뒴탂뫍탂닄쇏퓋폃뗈10룶랽쏦퇐뺿쇋쏀맺훷떼뗄GVC폫얷훞훷떼뗄GVC뛔랢햹훐맺볒듺릤웳튵뗄닎쫽튪쟳,랢쿖쏀맺훷떼뗄GVC쫴폚볛룱쟽뚯탍,얷훞훷떼뗄GVC쫴폚훊솿쟽뚯탍ꆣ뛸랢햹훐맺볒췹췹춬쪱볓죫쇋헢솽쳵GVC,헢퇹늻춬쟽뚯샠탍뗄GVC뛔듺릤웳튵늻춬뗄닎쫽튪쟳뻍믡엠퇸웤쳘뚨뗄쓜솦뫍벼쫵ꆣ춨맽GVC폫NVC뗄뛔뷓,늻뷶폐훺폚놾췁웳튵붫퓚늻춬뗄GVC훐쾰뗃뗄쓜솦폫뺭퇩퓚탂뗄볛횵솴훐죚믡맡춨,뛸쟒뿉틔붫헢킩쓜솦폫뺭퇩춨맽뒦폚볛횵솴룟뛋뗄뚫늿뗘쟸뗄웳튵,폐킧뗘퇓짬떽훐컷늿뗘쟸뗄웳튵,볓쯙웤돉뎤뗄맽돌ꆣ듋췢,NVC뗄릹붨쪹뗃닺튵짽벶뗄맽돌늻퓙횻쫇쪱볤볌웰뗄맘쾵,놾췁웳튵튻랽쏦퓚GVC훐볌탸듓쫂OEM(OriginalEquipmentManufacture)뫍ODM(OwnDesignManufacture),쇭튻랽쏦퓚NVC훐듓쫂OBM(OwnBrandManufacture)ꆣ헢퇹,닺튵짽벶늻춬뷗뛎뗄뿕볤늢듦뻍폐킧뗘뷢뻶쇋볛횵솴뗄뾪럅탔폫닺튵짽벶뗄뛀솢탔횮볤뗄솽쓑,캪랢믓릲쿭킧펦쳡릩쇋돤ퟣ뗄뗄뿕볤ꆣ뗚죽,뺺헹폅쫆ꆣ쫐뎡듺뇭ퟅퟔ훷퇐랢뫍욷없뺭펪뗄좨샻,췰컄(2007)뗄퇐뺿죏캪,샻폃훐맺쫐뎡뗄맦쒣뫍돉뎤쯙뛈,쫇훐맺첨췥웳튵춨맽ퟔ뒴욷없췪돉닺튵짽벶럇뎣훘튪뗄춾뺶ꆣ솢ퟣ폚맺쓚쫐뎡뗄NVC,뿉틔듓죧쿂쟾뗀캪놾췁웳튵쳡릩뺺헹솦:쫗쿈,폫맺볊쫐뎡쿠뇈,놾췁웳튵믡퓚쫬쾤돌뛈ꆢ릵춨돉놾ꆢ퓋쫤돉놾뫍헾뢮횧돖뗈랽쏦뻟폐뇈뷏폅쫆ꆣ헢뻍뿉쓜쪹놾췁웳튵퓚튻룶럧쿕쿠뛔뷏뗍뫍죝솿뻞듳뗄쫐뎡뿕볤쓚헆컕쫐뎡뗄랽쿲,뒴퓬돶맺쓚쫐뎡쯹탨튪뗄탂닺욷,듓뛸뿉틔믽샛짽벶쯹탨뗄죋솦놾뫍횪쪶놾,캪닎폫맺볊뺺헹쳡릩뷰횧돖ꆣ웤듎,훐맺늻춬뗘쟸뗄랢햹ힴ뿶잧닮췲뇰,듓뛸떼훂맺쓚쫐뎡늻뷶맦쒣뻞듳,뛸쟒뢴퓓뛠퇹ꆣ헢퇹뗄쫐뎡쳘탔뿉틔쪹놾췁웳튵샻폃춬컄춬훖뗄폅쫆,춨맽쫐뎡럝뛮뗄ힷ룏뫍쫐뎡닣듎뗄쳡짽랢믓맦쒣폅쫆뫍랶캧폅쫆ꆣퟮ뫳,맺쓚쫐뎡뿉틔룼뫃뗘폫웳튵햽싔ꆢ헾뢮헾닟ꆢ훆뛈낲업뫍짧믡릲쪶쿠뷡뫏,캪닺튵짽벶쳡릩튻쳗뎤웚맣랺뗄돐억쾵춳ꆣ뿉볻,샻폃퓚캻폅쫆뫍듳맺폅쫆릹붨NVC,틔돤럖랢믓톧쾰킧펦,쫇훐맺퓚짌컱돉놾늻뛏짏짽쟩뿶쿂닎폫맺볊뺺헹,췪돉쮫훘죎컱뗄뿉탐춾뺶ꆣ컥ꆢ뷡싛폫웴쪾틔닺욷쓚럖릤캪믹뒡뗄뗚죽듎닺튵틆샋뎱,폫틔췹솽듎닺튵틆샋뎱폐ퟅ놾훊뗄쟸뇰ꆣ헢훖GVC쒣쪽뗄닺튵틆튻랽쏦뿉틔쪹훷떼탔웳튵틀뻝늻춬맺볒룷ퟔ뗄뇈뷏폅쫆엤훃쿠펦뗄뮷뷚,춬쪱랢믓맦쒣뺭볃뫍뇈뷏폅쫆뗄ퟷ폃;쇭튻랽쏦붫ퟔ짭폫듺릤웳튵뗄벼쫵맘솪쿞훆퓚낲좫뗄랶캧쓚,틔ퟨ낭웤릦쓜짽벶뫍솴쳵짽벶ꆣ훐맺ퟷ캪헢듎닺튵틆뗄ퟮ듳돐뷓뗘,퓚돉뻍ꆰ쫀뷧볓릤뎧ꆱ뗄춬쪱,튲쏦쇙ퟅ뗍뛋쯸뚨뫍쟸폲랢햹쪧뫢뗄쳴햽ꆣ뺭맽30쓪살뗄룟쯙퓶뎤,훐맺싊쿈돐뷓닺튵틆뗄뚫늿뗘쟸평폚튪쯘돉놾짏짽ꆢ죋쏱뇒짽횵뫍볓릤쎳틗헾닟뗷헻뗈틲쯘,벯뻛폚듋뗄듺릤닺튵뾪쪼쿲췢틆ꆣ놾컄횸돶,훐컷늿뗘쟸컼틽닺튵틆뗄맘볼쫇붵뗍붻틗돉놾,폅뮯펪짌뮷뺳ꆣ뛸퓚맺볊뺺헹훐췪돉닺튵짽벶뫍쯵킡뗘쟸닮뻠뗄쮫훘죎컱,뻍뇘탫랢믓훐맺ퟷ캪좫쟲ퟮ듳듺릤욽첨쯹믽샛뗄퓚캻폅쫆,맣삫쓚슽탎돉뗄듳맺폅쫆,릹붨틔놾췁웳튵캪훷뫍솢ퟣ맺쓚쫐뎡뗄맺쓚볛횵솴ꆣ횻폐헢퇹,닅쓜돤럖랢믓톧쾰쟺쿟킧펦,췪돉룼룟벶뗄릦쓜짽벶뫍솴쳵짽벶,쪵쿖늻춬쟸폲뗄뻹뫢킭뗷랢햹ꆣ캪듋,탨튪힢틢틔쿂벸뗣:뗚튻,퓚쏦쇙닺튵짽벶뫍쯵킡뗘쟸닮뻠뗄쮫훘쳴햽쿂,뚫훐컷늿뗘쟸횮볤펦춨맽킭뗷럖릤,쪵쿖듓뺺헹떽뫏ퟷ뗄뇤ꆣ뚫늿뗘쟸뿉틔샻폃ퟔ짭룄룯뾪럅30쓪살쯹믽샛뗄놾ꆢ벼쫵ꆢ맜샭뫍탅쾢뗈랽쏦뗄폅쫆,춨맽랢햹짺닺헟럾컱튵듲퓬ퟜ늿뺭볃,퓚캪훐컷늿뗘쟸쳚돶랢햹뿕볤뗄춬쪱,쿲볛횵솴훐뢽볓횵룟뗄뮷뷚엊짽틔쪵쿖닺튵짽벶;뛸훐컷늿뗘쟸ퟷ캪ꆰ돉놾췝뗘ꆱ,뿉틔샻폃튪쯘?뢳폅쫆튵뮯폚샍뚯쏜벯탍뮷뷚뗄짺닺,살쯵킡뗘쟸닮뻠ꆣ횻폐헢퇹,뚫훐컷늿뗘쟸횮볤뗄킭뗷뮥뚯닅폐볡쪵뗄캢맛믹뒡ꆣ뗚뛾,맺볊닺튵틆췹췹쫇틔닺튵벯좺뗄탎쪽쪵쿖뗄ꆣ뛸닺튵벯뻛듸살뗄튪쯘춶죫쏜뛈뗄퓶잿믡쳡룟룃닺튵벯좺뗄짺닺싊(CicconeandHall,1996)ꆣ쿖쪵쫀뷧훐,뚫늿뗘쟸평폚닺튵벯뻛돌뛈룟폚훐컷늿뗘쟸듸살뗄짺닺싊뗄닮뻠뻍믡돉캪닺튵틆뗄헏낭ꆣ퓙뾼싇떽훐맺뗄훐컷늿뗘쟸럹풱쇉삫,랢햹돌뛈닎닮늻웫,닺튵틆뗄뷸돌뻍늻뿉쓜쫇훰듎쳝뛈췆뷸뗄ꆣ틲듋,퓚훐컷늿뗘쟸짨솢뗄닺튵틆믹뗘뇘탫뻟놸튪쯘?뢳뷏캪럡풣ꆢ믹뒡짨쪩뷏캪랢듯ꆢ닺튵엤쳗뷏캪췪짆뫍릤튵믹뒡뷏캪탛뫱뗄잰쳡쳵볾ꆣ횻폐헢퇹,닅뿉쓜춨맽71
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