ISSN1009 2722 MarineGeologyLetters ݚလֹᇉ 2007,23(6) 23 30໓ᅣщݼ:1009 2722(2007)06 0023 08现代海底热液块状硫化物矿床的资源潜力评价李 军(ౝ֛ݚလֹᇉ࣮෮,ౝ֛266071)ᅋ ေ:现代海底热液活动及其资源效应是近30年来地球科学中的重要研究方向b调查研究表明,有200多个现代海底热液块状硫化物矿床分布于现代海底的各种构造环境中,其中以洋中脊和弧后环境居多,这些矿床中有40多个还具有较大的规模和储量,其中的10个在目前阶段是可以进行勘探和开采利用的b由于巨大的资源潜力,一些国际著名的矿业公司开始关注并投资于现代海底热液块状硫化物矿床的商业性勘探与开发,并希望在5年内获得商业性效益b而在我国,对于海底热液硫化物矿床的调查与研究才刚刚起步b在收集和整理世界各国调查研究资料的基础上,总结分析了现代海底热液硫化物矿床的产出特征a矿物和元素组成等,分析了海底热液硫化物矿床的资源潜力,并对我国的调查与勘探工作提出了展望bܱՍ:资源潜力;海底块状硫化物矿床;热液成矿作用;矿床勘探ᇏٳোݼ: ໓ངѓ്:A གྷսݚָಣ၁ӮঀቔႨ൞െಁაնလঀԵྙӮ֥ቋ۴Чၹ:ࠧᄝ໊ۚࡽٜഈ(ඣಁ)ᄝလࠬঔᅦᇏྏa֛aުঔᅦᇏྏࠣ҆,఼ਛ֥ඣّႋ֤റೆֹ֥॔ݚඣФڿϰଽࠅࠃᇏྏؿളಣބ߄࿐ࢌߐቔႨ֥Ӂᄯູ֮pHa֮Ehaބۚ໑֥ಣ၁ੀุ,ିܔb1979୍,ದো൮Ցᄝתလݚੈ21!NՖെզ౼ބϬᄎ۲ᇕࣁඋჭ,ᄝݚָӦݚთaധղ2600m֥ݚָؿགྷਔۚ໑ಣ၁ޑྙӮॶሑ߄ঀุ,ࠇᄝݚָᆭ༯၂ק໊҆Քaॶሑ߄ࠣఅห֥ந१ളܴࣟ[1],ྙӮຩઝሑঀെ,ࣉطྙӮܿଆॖղࠫతᇀၡൈᆣૼਔႮݚָঔᅦᄯӮ֥ྍလ॔ᄹളቔႨაؕਈ֥ࠩ߄ঀԵbᆃུঀԵ၂ϮऎႵۚݚָ؟ࣁඋ߄ྙӮթᄝࣅૡ֥৳༢[2]bᄝ֥ࣁඋ(CuaPbaZn)ބࣁඋ(AuaAg)ݣਈᆃᇕห൹ֹ֥ᇉߌ༯,໑؇ۚղ350∀֥ಣބॖܴ֥ሧჷమ৯[3],ၹՎ,ؓᆃུݚָಣ၁၁ੀุՖޑՔᇏநԛ,აᇛຶ֮໑֥ݚඣ߄ঀԵ֥טҰ࣮aाฐषҐభࣟ་ႄሢᇙࠁކ,҂؎Ӧԛࣁඋ߄(ᇶေູߛํ؟ݓ࠽ঀြ܄ඳ֥ܱᇿაሧbঀaྊঀaߛঀ֩ঀ),ѩᄝݚָі૫ࠣఃਸ਼၂ٚ૫,ֹഈؿტ֥ܞॶሑ߄ڸ࣍თ৵࿃ؐࠒ,ቋުྙӮਔն֥ॶሑঀԵބགྷսݚָ؟ࣁඋ߄ঀԵ൞ᄝཌྷ֥߄ঀԵbᄀটᄀ؟֥טҰ࣮іૼ,ݚඣᄝֹᇉބֹ౯߄࿐ݖӱᇏྙӮ֥,ૌᄝӮঀหလ॔ᇏ֥࿖ߌቔႨᆞ൞ᄝݚָߌ༯ॶሑ߄ᆘഈႵሢࣙದ֥ཌྷරྟbགྷսݚָಣ၁Ӯঀ༢ၘࣜӮູਔࢳॶሑ߄ঀԵӮၹ֥฿ಖൌ൬۠ರ௹:2007 05 28ဒ൩b২ೂ,༆ଲလݚָࣼཟঀԵाฐࢸࠎࣁཛଢ:ݓࡅሱಖ॓࿐ࠎࣁ(40506013)ิ܂ਔቋཌྷܱބቋᆰࢤ֥ॶሑ߄ঀԵቔᆀࡥࢺ: फ(1974 ),ଳ,Ѱൖ,Ֆ൙ݚလֹᇉ࣮۽ቔ(Vms)ྙӮ֥གྷսଆbൗࢸഈᇶေ֥ࠅ.Email:junli741001@
24MarineGeologyLetters ݚလֹᇉ 2007୍6ᄅ ॶሑ߄ঀԵྙӮႿࠫϤຣമᇀࠫၡ୍భ֥ݚ,ָࣜݖ࣍ਆ۱ൗࡀ֥ाฐ,ಆ౯ֹഈᆺؿགྷਔჿ800۱ھো֥ঀԵ,ఃᇏ֥၂҆ٳߎႮႿܿଆཬط҂ൡၒषҐ,ၹՎ,ࢳགྷսݚָಣ၁ঀԵྙӮࠏᇅؓႿಒקֹোঀԵ֥ाฐᅞ္ऎႵ҂ॖܙਈ֥ࡎᆴbЧ໓୍ؓ࣍টؓགྷսݚָಣ၁߄ঀԵ֥טҰ࣮ࣉྛਔሹࢲ,ؓ߄ঀԵ֥ሧჷమ৯ބषҐႋႨࣉྛਔԚ҄ࡎ,ิԛਔݓᄝࣉྛགྷսݚָಣ၁ঀԵטҰ࣮ބҕაषؿ1 ҂ܒᄯߌᇏಣ၁ࠃ֥ٳ҃б২֩ٚ૫֥ᅚຬაࡹၰ Proportionsofthehydrothermalsitesindifferentsettingsoftheworld1 ॶሑ߄ঀԵ֥ٳ҃ࠣטҰۀঃਸ਼ຓ,ᄝEPR21!Nؿགྷಣ၁ࠃၛট,ᄝႵӦࠒڭۂ֥Californiaຖ֥Guaymasனֹᇏ္ؿགྷႵն߄ঀԵ֥թᄝ[9] DSDP/ODPቇฐሧਘၘࣜᆣൌ,གྷս,طႿVMSঀԵٳ҃ٓຶޓ,ܼᆃᇕݣၬ҂ࣇࣇᆷః1991୍ބ1996୍ᄝޱν֣ڶवလࠬᇏ֥Mid ᄝֹഈ֥ٳ҃,ၧᆷᄝ҂֥ܒᄯߌbՖdleValleyൌീ֥ODP136ݴՑބ169ݴՑֹ໊ᇂഈु,ଢభၘᆩ֥ಣ၁߄ঀԵᇶቇฐࢲݔᆣൌਔႵӦࠒڭۂ֥လ္ࠬॖିေٳ҃Ⴟתလݚੈa༆လшჸު൞ಣ၁߄֥ڶࠢ[10,11]bனֹaն༆လᇏࠬaႆ؇လᇏࠬބ༱ຯ။ᄝުঔᅦᇏྏߌᇏ൮༵ؿགྷ֥ಣ၁ࠅ֩bૌ֥ඣധ؟ࢺႿ1300~3700m߄ঀԵ໊ႿᇏManusனֹ[12]ބઔବݚᆭࡗ,नധ؇ູ2500mbՖܒᄯМࣟഈुҢ[13],ૌ֥ؿགྷ֝ᇁਔሱഈൗࡀ80୍սၛ(1),གྷսݚָಣ၁߄ঀԵᇶေٳ҃Ⴟটᄝোරߌ֥۷նܿଆטҰ࣮,ࢲݔіૼ,ॹঔᅦ֥လᇏࠬaતঔᅦ֥လᇏࠬaުனᄝလ߶ऊϰॶшჸگᄖ֥ࠅބܒᄯߌֹa֛ބభߌ(֩1)bᇏॖିؿტሢྸ؟҂ো֥߄ঀԵbෛགྷսݚָಣ၁߄טҰؿགྷ֥ݖӱ္൞ު,ᄝ҂ؿტࢨ؍֥ުঔᅦ༢(Ֆ҂Ӯඃದোؓఃಪ്ᇯࡶധೆބؿᅚ֥ݖӱbת֞Ӯඃ)a֛༢֥ࠃࠅభჸބభߌလੈ(EPR)ؿགྷޑՔᆭު҂ࣲ,ದૌႻᄝॹؿགྷਔྸ؟֥aԥਈࢠն֥߄ঀԵbᇷঔᅦ֥လᇏࠬഈؿགྷਔྸ؟ಣ၁ঀԵ,ᄝ֥؟ࣁඋॶሑ߄ঀԵႵӮඃުঔᅦᇏྏః֥ᇏࠬߎીႵહؿགྷbႿ൞,તঔᅦ֥КFijiனֹ[14]aଲLauݚன֥ValuFaࠬ[15]ᇏࠬഈ҂ؿტնಣ၁ࠃ֥ಪ്ᇯࡶӮູބྍള֥ުਚཊԊഷݚҢ[16]֩b1991,୍ᄝ#܋്∃;ಖط,1985୍ն༆လᇏࠬഈTAGಣ၁תManusݚனؿགྷਔն֥აӉႇᇉࠅն߄ঀԵ֥ؿགྷᆣൌਔતঔᅦ֥လႵܱ֥߄ঀԵ,ᄝ༆Woodlarkݚன္ؿᇏ္ࠬ൞߄ঀԵ֥ॖିڮթ໊҆[4]bෛགྷਔಣ၁ঀԵ[17]b,ުႻᄝն༆လؿགྷྸ؟ಣ၁߄ঀԵ,ೂऌ࠹,ଢభၘࣜؿགྷਔ200؟۱֥ݚָLogatchev,Snakepit,BrokenSpur,Luckyಣ၁߄ঀԵ,ᇀഒఃᇏ֥ඹٳᆭ၂ߎϴෛStrike,MenezGwen֩[5,6]bᄝᇏႆ؇ބ༆ଲሢۚ໑֥ޑՔநؿ(350~400[18]∀)b࣍10လࠬഈ္Ⴕ[7,8]b୍ট,ݚָಣ၁߄טҰ࣮ቋႄದᇴଢ֥
ֻ23जֻ6௹ फ:གྷսݚָಣ၁ॶሑ߄ঀԵ֥ሧჷమ৯ࡎ25ࣉᅚ൞ᄝն༆လaႆ؇လaѢ֛ࠣྍ༆ধК҆ݚPb As Sb֥ঀbֻ1۱ಽငॖ֥თ༵ުؿགྷਔKermadecaRainbowaGrimseyaሱಖࣁ॒৬ФؿགྷႿଲLauݚன֥֮໑(<SaladanhaaKaireiބLostCity֩၂ྍ֥ಣ300∀)ݚָϢՔุᇏ,ᄝॶሑFeྊঀ၁߄ٳ҃,౼֤ਔ၂ུྍ֥ಪ്b൞ᇏ္ؿགྷਔՙ৬(18 m)֥ሱಖࣁ॒৬[19]b၂۱ᇗေ൙ൌ൞,ၘࣜטҰ֥ն؟ඔݚָ߄ঀԵؿტႿתလੈaתଲလݚੈі1 ݚָ؟ࣁඋ߄ঀԵ֥ঀቆӮؓбބתКလݚ,ੈᇶေ൞ၹູᄝᆃུთTable1 Comparisonofmineralcompositionsinೆ֥טҰࠃࢠ؟֥ჰܣbൌ࠽ഈ,ؓႿӉ؇submarinepolymetallicsulfidedepositsղ6ຣkm֥လᇏࠬটඪ,ದোࣇטҰਔ5%ުனֹঀԵလᇏࠬঀԵ֥თ,ߎႵ۷ູܼখ֥ݚთႵրႿࣉ၂֥҄Fe ߄ߛํঀaϢํঀaՈߛํঀaϢํঀaՈטҰ࣮აाฐbଢభ,ݓ࠽ഈೆလᇏֹࠬߛํঀߛํঀ֥ݚഈטҰರनၘղ֞Zn ߄ྊঀaఢྊঀྊঀaఢྊঀ800d/a,नૄ୍Ⴕ30؍လᇏࠬФטҰ,טҰؿགྷྍݚָಣ၁ࠃCu ߄ߛঀ֩ٚঀߛঀ ֩ٚঀ݁ූ٤ࣖᇉ݁٤ࣖᇉ֥݁नੱ؟Ⴟ2ԩૄ୍bοᅶՎੱ,ූ႗െۛ ᇗࣖെ႗െۛ ᇗࣖെಆ౯6ຣkm֥လᇏࠬླေႨ30~50୍֥ൈPb ߄ٚణঀaঀࡗҌॖၛФԚ҄טҰ၂ђ,ѩႵॖିؿགྷ҂ഒAs ߄Չߛ ྦߛႿCu As Sb ߄ഢḆঀ Ḇঀ30۱ྍ֥ݚָಣ၁߄bሱಖࣁඋሱಖࣁ2 ঀބࣁඋჭቆӮٳ༅൬֥ࠢ࣍1300ቆݚָ߄ဢ߄ၛࠅູຶ֥လᇏࠬ߄ঀԵ֥࿐ٳ༅ඔऌ,ॖၛؿགྷ,҂ࠅބܒᄯߌ֥ঀ֥܋ളቆކ၂ϮЇওۚ໑(300~400∀)ঀԵႵሢ༢ྟ֥߄࿐ቆӮҵၳbؓႿӁႿӦބ֮໑(<150∀)ঀ(і1)bᄝႮۚ໑ੀุࠒᇏ֥ॶሑ߄ঀԵ(ೂEscanabaݚҢބྙӮ֥ޑՔุބಣ၁౭֥ଽ҆၂ϮႮߛํGuaymasݚன),ෙಖଖᇕӱ؇ഈඪ,ܿଆбঀaߛঀaՈߛํঀބٚߛঀ֩ቆӮ,अ҆ުބလᇏࠬߌ֥ঀԵေն,ࣁඋ֥ݣਈ္ॖିԛགྷϪঀ;ᄝՔุބಣ၁౭֥ຓ҆ࢠ,໊֮э߄ࢠն,ఃჭनݣਈູZnഈؿტਔ֮໑ঀቆކ,ೂྊঀ/༸ົྊঀa4 7%,Cu1 3%,Pb1 1%(n=57)bঀെᇏϢํঀބߛํঀ,֩ૌ္൞֮໑֥ϢՔุ֥ฏූ(ٚࢳെູᇶ)a႗െۛaᇗࣖെބ٤֥ࣖᇶေቆӮঀb႗െۛ൞ۚ໑ঀቆކᇏ֥ᇉ݁൞ᇶေ֥ಣ၁ӦࠒቆӮ҆ٳ,ѩॖିᇗေቆӮ҆ٳ,ᄝ֮໑่ࡱ༯,ᄵູު௹֥߄ᄝޓնӱ؇ഈ༎ਔࣁඋ߄֥پ؇bᄝ࿉a٤ࣖᇉSiࠇᇗࣖെ෮սูbުঔᅦᇏྏᇉ֥aӦࠒڭۂ֥လᇏࠬ,߄ᇶေӦᇏ֥߄ঀ߄ቔႨളӮ֥ঀቆކაလᇏࠬႿந१ڸ࣍,ྙӮਔ၂ུཬ֥ঀԵ,ࣁඋݣߌཌྷර,၂Ϯ౦ঃ༯ၛߛํঀބྊঀູᇶbਈཌྷؓࢠۚbᄝ၂ུնঀԵᇏ,ೂाฐᆀࠬaߛํঀ၂ϮԛགྷႿۚ໑ঀቆކᇏ,ՈߛํEndeavourࠬaAxialݚaCleft؍aEPRaGa ঀഒ,ᇗࣖെބ٤ࣖᇉSi൞ఃᇏᇗေ֥٤lapagosਚཊaTAGބഘॠ֩,ঀെᇏࣁඋݣ߄ঀbਈ֥э߄ٓຶࢠཬ,नᆴູZn8 5%,CuުਚཊߌᇏྙӮ֥၂ུঀԵߎॖၛؿ4 8%,Pb֥ݣਈࢠཬ,ࣇູ0 1%ቐႷ(nტႵഒਈࠇັਈ֥ٚణঀaഢঀaḆঀaӢ=1259)bᇗࣖെa႗െۛބSi൞၂ུՔุ೩aྦߛaՉߛބ၂ུگᄖ֥a٤߄࿐࠹ਈ֥֥ᇗေቆӮ҆ٳ,ᄝٳ༅ဢᇏ֥ሹݣਈေ
26MarineGeologyLetters ݚလֹᇉ 2007୍6ᄅ ཬႿ20%bࠬ࿉)֞ෞ྇Ӧࠒ,ࠇުߌ༯#֥චଆൔ∃ࠅಶaॖ୍֥ଽުӉႇᇉࠅі2 ݚָ؟ࣁඋ߄֥ಆ߄࿐ٳ༅ؓб(ႇνބੀ໕)֩,ჷᇉቆӮഈ֥ҵTable2 Bulkchemicalanalysisofsubmarineၳ္ॖၛՖఃੀุቆӮഈّ႘ԛট,ೂLauݚpolymetallicsulfidedepositsனଲ҆ValuFaࠬഈၛνູᇶ֥VaiLiliaჭလ॔ࠎָ॔ࠎָಣ၁ࠃ֥ੀุ؊ჭ֥߄࿐ٳ༅іૼ,ੀุުঔᅦࠬުঔᅦࠬလᇏࠬᇏZnaPbaAsބఃჭ֥ݣਈჹնႿׅ֥Pb(wt%)လᇏࠬಣ၁ੀุbԊഷݚҢJADEಣ၁֥߄бসݚன۷ڶݣPb,൞ႮႿఃჷ֥ੀ໕ބνᇏPbپ؇Чദ֥ࣼۚჰၹbၛӦࠒູຶ֥ݚָ߄ᇏۚݣਈ֥Pbބ(%10-6)84517500235ᄵটჷႿӦࠒᇏ֥ଖུห൹ቆٳ(ೂӉെSb106671046֩)b֒ಖ,ֹഈ҂ൈս֥ܞVMSঀԵࡗAg2172304113֥ᆃᇕэ߄ܿੰ۷ູ௴ђ[21](N)5734012593 ݚָ߄ঀԵ֥ሧჷమ৯൙ൌഈ,෮ႵӦࠒڭۂ֥လᇏࠬഈؿ֒ದૌՖሧჷ֥࢘؇টಪ്ݚָಣ၁ࠃტ֥ந१ಣ၁ੀุ֥߄࿐ቆӮ൞٤ӈཌྷරൈ,۷؟֥൞ॉ੮ݚָಣ၁؟ࣁඋ߄ָ֥֞[20],ၹՎ,҂လᇏࠬঀԵᇏࣁඋݣਈ֥ҵႵ؟ն֥ࣜ࠶ࡎᆴ?ູહ۴ऌགྷႵ֥ඔऌሧၳᆞݺّ႘ԛ౼ဢ֥҂नᄋྟࠇঀԵྙӮ่ࡱਘ,ສສۋत֞ഈܞսোරঀԵбݚָಣ၁֥ҵၳྟ;২ೂ,ᄝଲޱν֣ڏवလ֥ࠬAxial؟ࣁඋ߄۷Ⴕࣜ࠶ࡎᆴ?൞હၹ॥ᇅݚഈڶZn֥ঀԵॖିྙӮႿ֮໑่ࡱ༯ሢݚָಣ၁֥ӮঀቔႨ,ູહ҂ݚ֥ಣ(<300∀),طᄝလᇏࠬఃთ֥ڶCuঀ၁ӮঀቔႨႵޓૼཁ֥љ?ྙӮႵࣜ࠶ࡎᆴԵᄵྙӮႿۚ໑ߌ༯(>400∀)bაӦࠒݚָಣ၁؟ࣁඋ߄ঀԵָ֞ླေ؟Ӊൈڭۂ֥လᇏࠬဢཌྷб,လ॔ଽުঔᅦᇏࡗ?ಣ၁ุ༢ູਔܒࡹ၂ק֥ঀุ,ିڎᄝྏ֥࿉ᇉ֞νᇉߌ(ೂઔବݚҢaઔ၂ֹׄЌӻཌྷ֒Ӊൈࡗ֥໗קሑ?૫ؓᆃུ୭ථݚனaКFijiݚனaসݚன)ᇏྙӮ֥ॶሑ໙,ี॓࿐ࡅߎ၂ൈߎޓ۳ԛбࢠႵඪڛ৯߄ᇏZn֥ݣਈૼཁശۚ,ॖղ16 5%,Pb֥ճσ,ದૌၘࣜᄝᆃٚ૫ࣉྛਔ࣍30୍ູ֥0 4%,Baູ12 6%,൞Fe֥ݣਈૼཁࢆ୭৯,ѩ֤֞ਔ၂ུಪ്b(֮13 0%)(і2)bᄝၛੀ໕ބႇνູᇶؓݚָಣ၁؟ࣁඋ߄ࣜ࠶ࡎᆴ֥ေຶ֥ԊഷݚҢ,؟ࣁඋ߄ᇏFe֥ݣࡎ,ᇶေॉҳఃᇏ֥CuaPbaZnaAuaAg֩ႵႨਈޓ,֮ࣇູ6 2%,ZnބPb֥ݣਈཁᇷശჭ֥ݣਈ౦ঃࠣఃٳ,҃ೂᄝManusݚனބ,ۚٳљղ20 2%ބ11 8%,ѩૼཁڶࠢAgConicalݚ,ఃᇏ֥ಣ၁؟ࣁඋ߄ᇏAu(नູ-62304%10,ቋۚղ1 1%)aAs֥ݣਈၘٳљղ֞ਔ55%10-6ބ43%10-6,ᆃ(1 8%)ބSb(0 7%)b۱ࢲݔ൞бࢠႺದ֥b҂ݖ,၇ऌ۲ݚָಣ၁҂ܒᄯߌᇏؿტ֥ݚָ߄ঀԵࡗ؟ࣁඋ߄ٳ҃གྷႵ֥ҩ൫ඔऌ,ߎ҂ቀჭቆӮ֥ҵၳ൞ఃჷቆӮҵၳ֥ᆰࢤّၛ۳ԛ၂۱ࢠູࢤ࣍ᆇൌ౦ঃ֥नᆴ,ಯಖ႘bჷ֥ᇕোॖၛູလᇏ֥ࠬMORB(လᇏླေ۷؟ऎႵսіྟ֥ඔऌটࢳथbطᆺ෮ၛ
ֻ23जֻ6௹ फ:གྷսݚָಣ၁ॶሑ߄ঀԵ֥ሧჷమ৯ࡎ27ಪֹູঀԵбݚָঀԵ۷Ⴕࣜ࠶ࡎᆴ,ᇶေmި֥ॶሑ߄ބ࣍100mި֥ຩઝሑ൞ၹູགྷᄝؓधն؟ඔݚָಣ၁ঀԵ֥ਔࢳߎቆӮbطᄝݚָധ֥҆ຩઝሑঀ߄Ҫ֥༯҆ႵࣇࣇअཋႿݚָі૫,ૌߎمޓݺֹϜ၂۱Ҫሑ֥ڶջ(ധ҆ঀջ),Cu໊֥ॖݚָധ֥҆Ӯঀ౦ঃbODPؓࢳथᆃ۱໙ีղ17wt%bᆃ၂Ⴕၩၬ֥ؿགྷ۳ֹোරঀႵ၂ק֥܊ང,๙ݖնလቇฐ,ૌؓMiddleԵ֥ധ҆ᅳঀᆷૼਔٚཟbն༆လ26!NധղValley,TAGބPacManus֥ݚָಣ၁Ӯঀ֥3650m֥TAGಣ၁,1994୍ࣉྛ֥ODPധ҆౦ঃႵਔޓݺ֥ಪ്b২ೂ,གྷၘᆩ,֡ᄝleg158ቇฐധ؇ղ125mbऌܙ࠹TAGࠃTAGಣ၁,ಣ၁Ӧࠒؐࠒุഈ҆3~5m໊Ⴟݚָ૫ᆭഈ֥ಣ၁౭ሑุऎႵ2 7Ϥຣ֥ॢࡗٓຶଽ,ఃঀቆކބ߄࿐ቆӮหᆘಒ֥ؕ߄ԥਈ,طᄝݚָ༯҆ຩઝሑ֥ԥਈൌႵࢠն֥љ;༆ଲလ֥ݚָಣ၁Ӯঀᄵູ1 2Ϥຣؕ[22]b֞ଢభູᆸ,ߎໃؿགྷაလᇏࠬݚָಣ၁ӮঀႵޓն֥ҵၳ,ᄝလᇏܿଆೂࡆଦնKiddCreekঀԵ(135Ϥຣؕ)ࠬૌଢభᇶေॉ੮֞࿉ؓӮঀ֥܊ང,ࠇྤ০NevesCorvoঀԵ(262Ϥຣؕ)ԥਈطᄝ༆ଲလன҂ࣇေॉ੮ᇏྟ֞Ӊႇᇉࠅ֥ঀԵb֥܊ང,Ⴕൈߎေህॉ੮ੀ໕֥܊ང,གྷսݚָಣ၁߄ঀԵᇏܿଆቋն֥ঀᆃ൞ၹູੀ໕ऎႵࢠ֥ۚPbaSbaAsaZnݣԵߎ൞ޣݚ֥AtlantisIIݚძঀԵ,֥ؿགྷਈbؓႿ༆ଲလݚָಣ၁؟ࣁඋ߄ڶбᄝתလݚੈֻ1ՑؿགྷޑՔᄪਔ10ࠢAu֥ࢳაఃჭႵ҂(࣐ܵ༆ଲ୍bAtlantisIIݚძঀԵ֥ঀ߄ᇶေႮࣁඋೈလᇏੀ໕֥Auپ؇აလᇏࠬ࿉࣍ୃቆӮ,ط҂൞ॶሑ߄bाฐіૼ,ঀԵ૫Ⴟ၂ᇁ,1%10-9),ӉႇᇉെॖၛӁളбࢠႵࠒղ40km2,ݣႵ94Ϥຣؕၛഈ֥ۄঀ,ఃᇏห֥ಣ၁ੀุ ऎႵ֮ߏԊି৯ބۚသ߄Znԥਈູ2 0%,Cu0 5%,Ag39%10-6,Auି৯,ᆃၩሢՎᇕಣ၁ੀุॖၛႵི֥Ֆჷ0 5%10-6,ၹՎሹԥਈղ4000t֥Agބᇏਥੲԛ-91%10֥Au,ࠧჷᇏ95%֥50t֥A[23]ubAuॖၛФਥੲԛট,طᄝလᇏࠬಣ၁ੀุࣇؓݚָಣ၁؟ࣁඋ߄֥ሧჷਈࣇࣇ൞ିਥੲԛ45%~50%֥Au,ၹՎ,۴ऌAu֥၂۱ՙ֥ܙෘ,ࣉྛݚָಣ၁߄ሧჷק౦ঃॖၛुԛ,҂൞ჷ֥߄࿐ቆӮ॥ᇅሢݚਈࡎթᄝޓ؟ׄbၘສ֥ݚָಣ၁߄ָಣ၁߄ྙӮݖӱᇏჭ֥ڶࠢ,ط൞൳טҰ,ॖႨႿሧჷࡎ֥ն؟ᆺ൞၂ູུࠞႵჷ႕ཙ֥ੀุ߄࿐ቆӮbཋ֥ؽົඔऌ,ޓؓऎႵົหᆘࢲܒ֥ಣؓႿႵODPטҰ۽ቔ֥ಣ၁߄ٳ҃၁߄ࣉྛग़ܴሧჷਈࡎ;ࡆᆭ,Ⴕܱಣ၁,ࣉྛ߄ሧჷਈࡎ,ఃࢲݔॖିࢠࢤ࣍߄֥ٳ༅ҩ൫ඔऌ၇ಖޓഒ,ߎ҂ቀၛّൌ࠽bಖط,ေࣚಒҩਈݚָಣ၁߄ঀԵ႘ᆜ۱ಣ၁߄ؐࠒุ֥ᇉቆӮหᆘ,ၹ֥৵࿃ྟ൞,֥ᄝؓӮঀധ؇ߎ൞ીႵૼՎ,ਔࢳݚָಣ၁߄֥ሧჷሑঃಯླࣉ၂ಒಪ്֥౦ঃ༯,၂ུݚָঀԵ֥ܙ࠹ܿଆࣇ֥҄ധೆטҰބ࿙ᅳႵི֥ඌٚمbູ1~100Ϥຣؕb֞ଢభູᆸ,ܿଆࢠն֥གྷಖط,ؓႿ؟ඔঀԵটඪ,ఃԥਈ္ࣼ൞ࠫս߄ঀԵᇶေڮթႿӦࠒڭۂࠇऎႵత,ؕѩ؟Ⴎٳ֥ಣ၁ந१ބ౭ሑุቆӮ,ިҪӦࠒڭۂ֥aಯႵಣ၁ࠃ֥လᇏࠬbطᆃུ౭ሑุഈ҆ߎႵ၂ུႮ߄ቆӮ֥ޑODPleg139ބLeg169ቇฐؓޱν֣ڶवလՔؿტb২ೂ,ᄝଲाฐᆀݚࠬ,ᄝ8km֥֥ࠬMiddleValleyঀԵ֥ࢲݔіૼ,ЧঀԵᇀٓຶᆭଽ,ၘࣜؿགྷਔ60۱ၛഈ֥ֆ۱ಣ၁ഒऎႵ8~9Ϥຣ֥ؕ߄ԥਈ[22]bᄝBentׄ,؟ඔ߄ঀԵ֥ٓຶࣇູ250m%200Hill֥,ਆՑቇฐဒᆣਔЧঀԵႮ100m(Scott֩,1990)bؓႿݚָಣ၁߄ঀԵ
28MarineGeologyLetters ݚလֹᇉ 2007୍6ᄅ ֥ި؇ߎࢠࠆ,֤Ԣ٤ႮႿ؎ਚቔႨطঀі3 ॖିषҐ֥ݚָ߄ঀԵุଽ҆Вbऌܙ࠹Table3 Possibleminablesubmarinesulfidedeposits,ׅ֥ޑՔุૄ୍ॖၛളӮ࣍250t֥ॶሑ߄,ᆃᇶေ၇ौঀԵնလݚთಃཋݓࡅႿಣ၁ࠃӻ࿃֥ൈࡗb๙ݖധమఖܻ࿐༢Atlantis&ݚძޣݚEEZ೬หέঘѵ/්օ֥ܴҳ࠺ࣉྛ֥ԥਈܙ࠹༂ҵॖղ50%MiddleValleyתКလEEZࡆଦն,ѩࡼ၂ུࢠն֥a҂৵࿃֥߄౭ࡗ֥ExplorerRidgeתКလEEZࡆଦնLauݚன༆ଲလEEZณࡆঀ߄თ္Їওᄝଽ,ၹՎ,ݖۚܙ࠹߄КFijiݚன༆ଲလEEZᧁ࠶֥৵࿃ྟbࠎႿሼݴൔઝԊሇؿఖ ᅶཌྷתManusݚன༆ଲလEEZϘ҃ྍࠫଽඌॖିࡼࣚಒ؇ิۚ֞20%,ႮႿݖત֥ݴᇏManusݚன༆ଲလEEZϘ҃ྍࠫଽջބݖᅎ֥ږ,ఃڭۂ֥ٓຶႵ၂ק֥ཋᇅbConicalݚ༆ଲလEEZϘ҃ྍࠫଽଢభູᆸ,ߎીႵ၂ᇕֹ౯ഡСିܔิ܂ԊഷݚҢ༆လEEZᇏݓ/ರЧॖၛࣚಒܙ࠹߄ࠣఃᅚ֥҃ٚمbۚGalapagosਚཊתလEEZرܨ؟غתလݚੈ13!Nתလݓ࠽ݚָٳяੱധҧೡലବඌॖିᄝࢠն֥თଽTAGᇏ҆ն༆လݓ࠽ݚָิ܂۷ູࣚಒ֥ྐ༏b ᇿ:EEZ=ህඋࣜ࠶4 ݚָঀԵ֥षҐ่ࡱٳ༅ဢ,ؓႿTAGಣ၁aEPRބଲႆ؇လࠬRodriguezࢲ֥ׄဝ,҂ൡႿࣉྛᄝଢభၘࣜؿགྷ֥200؟۱གྷսݚָಣ၁षҐ,ؓႿתaתКބתଲလݚੈഈ֥ಣ၁߄ঀԵ(ׄ)ᇏ,ࣇႵ12۱ঀԵऎႵཌྷ֥֒߄ԛ္ׄ൞ೂՎbಖط,ᄝ࣍௹ଽ,ᄝ၂ܿଆބ໊֥ۚ,ѩऎႵषҐࡎᆴ(і3),ෙུห൹่֥ࡱ༯,ݚလषҐߎ൞ॖྛ:֥∋֥ۚಖᆃུঀԵ֥ި؇ಯಖ൞ໃᆩ֥bᆃུమᄝ֥ࣁބࣁඋ໊;(ֹࢠ࣍,২ೂ၂ϮᄝరঀԵЇওޣݚAtlantisIIݚძaᇏܡaाฐᆀݚඣ֥EEZࠇन12ݚଽ;)҂ӑݖࠬ,Galapagosன,ֹEPR13!N,TAG,Manus2000m֥రඣbᄝડቀᆃ่ུࡱ֥౦ঃ༯,ݚன,Lauݚன,ԊഷݚҢ,КFijiݚன֩bԢॶሑ߄֥അြषҐ൞ڶႵࣜ࠶Ⴚࠈ৯֥,EPR13!NބTAGಣ၁ຓ,ᆃུঀԵ໊Ⴟ൞ླေॉ੮֞Ґঀ༢ᆜุ֥ॖེջྟބषࣜ࠶ህඋଽ,Їও೬หέঘѵa්օaࡆଦնaҐݖӱ֥৵࿃ྟb֒ಖ,ݚָঀԵ֥षҐ҂߶رܨ؟غaϘ҃ྍࠫଽ,ณࡆ,ರЧބᧁ࠶bའֹࡹഡঀପဢ,ླေ۴ऌঀԵ֥ൌ࠽ഡଢభູᆸ,ODPቇฐᄝTAGಣ၁ބᇏܡಣ࠹҂֥षҐ༢ބԯᆺ,ၹՎః༵௹ሧॖ၁֥ቇฐധ؇ၘࣜղ֞125mބ200mbିࣇླ350~500ຣૅჭb2000୍12ᄅ 2001୍1ᄅൌീ֥193ݴՑᄝԚ࣮҄іૼ,2~5Ϥຣ֥ؕঀԵᄝֹתઔ୭ථݚன֥PacManusಣ၁ׄࣉྛਔቇഈॖିྙ҂ӮषҐܿଆ,ؓݚָোঀԵটฐbޣݚAtlantisIIݚძᄝ20ൗࡀ70୍սࣼඪ,ೂݔᄝཌྷਣთଽᅳ֞ࠫ۱֩ܿଆ֥षਔഅြྟाฐބषҐ,ѩ༵౺ྟषҐൌঀԵ,ҐႨڜ֥ԯᆺቔႨᄝࣜ࠶൞ॖྛ֥bဒၘࣜᆣൌ,ᄝޣݚ࣍60∀֥ඣᇏषҐಣ၁അြषؿݚָ߄ঀԵ֥ॖྛྟ࣮ࢲંӦࠒ൞ॖၛൌགྷ֥b20ൗࡀ80୍ս,֣ݓ൞,ᄝ2000mඣധ֥ݚ୍ָӁ200ຣt߄Preussag܄ඳؓGalpagos86!W֥ॶሑ߄ঀെ,षҐ௹ູ10୍,ඌഈॖྛ,ࣜ࠶ഈႵঀԵ္ࣉྛਔഅြྟाฐ,০Ⴈᄝဝݼԯࣉ০,ሧა୍ቔြြༀٮႨ֮Ⴟྸ؟ֹֹ֥ྛਔ3۱ݴՑ֥ाฐ,ࢲݔіૼ,Galapagosঀ༯ঀࣝषҐbԵѩ҂ൡႿࣉྛնܿଆބ৵࿃֥അြྟषҐbಖط,ᄝषҐᆭభ,сྶࣉྛߌིႋ
ֻ23जֻ6௹ फ:གྷսݚָಣ၁ॶሑ߄ঀԵ֥ሧჷమ৯ࡎ29ࡎ,ѩླေ֤ԛݚָॶሑ߄ঀԵ֥षҐଢᇏ,๙ݖӵЇᆦӻܥקࣁح,ၛࠆ֤ݚָ߄ࣇႵཌྷؓࢠཬ֥ߌ႕ཙൈҌॖၛൌീbၹູঀAuঀषҐ֥40%֥ಃၭbᄝଢభ֥ݚָॶሑ߄षҐॖିᇶေࠢᇏႿཌྷؓཬ֥Conicalݚঀֹ֥౯߄࿐טҰ൞ၘሧ3თ,ѩࢠնӱ؇ഈᇶေཋᇅႿषҐіҪ(ЉϤຣૅჭ,ਸ਼ࡼሧ4Ϥຣૅჭᄝࣂ୍ުႨҐم)ބరіҪ(ຂઋم)টҐࠢ߄౭ބႿ၂ֹ֥ቇ।ٮႨbPlacer܄ඳ௹ຬᄝໃՔุbᄝ๙ݖն֥ҐঀഡС(ೂ൪ሂ)ࠇটਆ୍ᇏିܔࣉྛ൫ဒྟҐঀࢨ؍,ၛьିᄝ৵࿃Ґঀ༢षҐൈ,ႄఏ֥߄ෞ֥྇୩2008୍ቔԛषؿ֥थҦbೂݔ၂్ඨ০,2000؇ॖղ4g/cm3bႮႿषҐݖӱᇏ,ն૫ࠒ୍֥սଌିܔࣉྛഅြྟषҐ߄ঀԵbঀุФВႿݚඣᇏ,၂ུФЉ༯ট֥߄ၹՎ,ݚָ߄ঀԵ֥അြྟषҐၘࣜෞ྇ࡼؿള၂קӱ؇֥သ߄ቔႨ,ѩᆃᇕӮູ၂ུऎСൌ৯܄ඳ֥ଢѓ,္ᆞᄝӮູοသ߄ቔႨ҂ႿၘࣜБ֥֡҂ࠃ֥ॶሑ߄ᅶ൧ӆࠏᇅቆࡹႵܱݚָषؿ܄ඳ֥৯b֥သ߄ቔႨb֒ಖ,ၹູᇛຶݚඣ֥༎ቔPlacer܄ඳ֥ࡆೆၩሢטҰࡼঔնٓ,ຶႨ,ֹ߄ঀԵषҐᇏႄఏ֥ූྟ٬၁֥ඌഈ္ࡼбၛສऎႵ۷ܼ֥ٗ൫ဒbطNauti ஆ٢طႄఏ֥ᇗ֥ߌಙ໙ี,ᄝݚָषlusᆞᄝ୍ଽᄝ؟؟ܢௐބؗAIMࢌҐᇏ൞҂թᄝ֥bႮႿҐঀ֥ಠႄఏ֥Ӧࠒၞ෮ഈ൧,ၛԔծሧࣁ,ाฐაPlacerކၛॖၛФָੀᄜϬᄎ,ѩॖି߶ؓݚလߌຓ֥٤ࣁঀሧჷbൈ္ᄝࠒࠞ࿙௹ࠊކቔᇶေ֥າݝbAmos֩ᆷԛ,აധݚࢲނषࠄϴ,ЇওᇝބᇏݓҐঀࢸაࡆ۽ြ֥܄ඳ,Ґႄఏ֥ቋն֥ໃᆩބቋնమᄝາݝ൞ݚָaࡆૐ֞ݚָ/ྊঀԵ֥ाฐཛଢᇏ,ᆃ္۳ݚඣބݚඣі૫ྙӮ֥ӦࠒᇸbႮႿָҪඣݓ֥Ґঀြิ܂ਔࠏ߶bᇏݓބఃᇝݓࡅ֥ಙ൞ФषҐഡСᆰࢤႄఏ,طݚඣބіҪ֥ҐঀြྛೂݔሢငႿ۷Ӊჹ֥ᅞ,ॖࡼඣ֥ಙᄵ൞ႮิശݖӱᇏႮႿݚඣ֥ԊቔՎ൪ູ࿐༝֥ࠏ߶,ᄝކൡ֥ൈࠏၛ၂ק֥ٚႨ෮ႄఏ,֥ಖط,ն҆ٳ֥ݚָಣ၁߄ঀൔ,ࡆೆ֞ݚָ؟ࣁඋঀӁሧჷ֥ाҰაषؿԵѩીႵޓި֥ӦࠒڭۂҪ,Ԣਔᇏܡބ֥ݓ࠽ᇏটbGuaymasݚன,ၹՎ,ᆃᇕၹ၂Ϯ҂сॉ੮;ႮՎ,сྶ࿊ᄴ၂ུݚָ߄ঀԵҕॉ໓ང:,Ⴍః൞ପུၘࣜ๔ᆸࠃބીႵള༏֥ঀԵ,[1] FrancheteauJ,NeedhamHD,ChoukrouneP.,etal.൞ൡႿषҐMassivedeep seasulphideoredepositsdiscoveredonthe,֥ѩ҂߶ᄯӮᇗն֥ߌ႕ཙbEastPacificRise[J],Nature,1979,277:523 528.[2] SpiessFN,MacdonaldKC,AtwaterT, 5 ᅚຬcificRise,hotspringsandgeophysicalexperiments[J].Science,1980,207:1421 1433.ሱ1997୍12ᄅϘ҃ྍࠫଽቔູൗࢸ[3] HerzigPM,HanningtonMD..Polymetallicmassiveഈֻ1۱ϯؿݚָಣ၁ঀԵाฐᆳᅶ֥ݓࡅၛsulphidesatthemodernseafloor Areview[J].OreGe ট,ሹ໊҆ႿϏն০֥NautilusঀြႵཋ܄ologyReview,1995,10:95 115.ඳ၂ᆰᄝھݓݚთाฐݚָಣ၁߄ঀԵb[4] RonaPA,KlinkhammerG,NelsenTA,ଢభھ܄ඳ܋Ⴕ7۱ၘࣜބᆞᄝണ౨ᆳᅶ֥ঀsmokers,massivesulphidesandventbiotaattheMid-߄AtlanticRidge[J].Nature,1986,321,33 37.,ሹ૫ࠒູ15000km2,ఃᇏݣႵ؟۱߄ঀԵbطࠎֹ໊Ⴟ໑֥ۢൗࢸֻ5նࣁঀ[5] MurtonBJ,VanDoverC,षҐ܄ඳPlacerDomeၘႿ2004୍ָቆࡹਔventfield:29!10∗NontheMid AtlanticRidge.[C]//၂۱ݚလषؿ܄ඳ,ࡆೆ֞Nautilus֥ाฐཛ
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