30 12 , 12 SystemsEngineering—Theory&PracticeDec.,2010:1000-6788(2010)12-2212-08 : :A
1, 2, 2, 1, 2(1.
, 230009;2 .
! ,
101149), " #$ % &', ',, !/ +(" 0)++ ,@* A - . / 00 !-". B+C,D 0 :#3 1F )) 23$ ,*Æ;3+4.(+, -./09,%<5) & 678,=-> ?.4.(/,GH I% J KLM4- +. ,( N -O .5"/ 0 6+ , - . / 0 5UPV 9QW%: RXSY, (;+<,) 2-./06M7T 8 . .;Z ; -.; ;
Evaluationmethodoftransactionpricebasedontheideaofpriceconcessionweighting1,2212ZHANGZhi-yong,ZHANGHua-ling,LIUXin-bao,XUGuang-shu(,HefeiUniversityofTechnology,Hefei230009,China;,BeijingWuziUniversity,Beijing101149,China)AbstractForthemultistagebilateralpricebargainingprocessofcentralizedprocurementintheenvi-ronmentofe-commerce,,’psychologyandhabits,,
w o rd
s ba rg ain ing ;p ri cin g; pr ice ev
al
ua tio n;
cen tr ali z ed p ro c ur em
en t;e,
-co m me rce1[\
. , , ,
.
Æ, , Æ . Æ , ]` a ^ ! _
% "
[1]..'[2]/&%() $!'[3]1950 Nash , Æ . , " ! [4−8] ".# $# ,$ & ' (—0—' !).%!"#Æ*+,-, :2009-08-09:"#"$%#$%(70772029);&&(SZ201010037015):% &,(,'1,')*23*+(+)((,(-),-*./)*.
61 0 12 6 ; 7 3 4 1 ( /1 8, :5. 6 7 % & ,*!:$+.+0+1/45,60-2+3(*.2213—— "-
7 .7/87[1].89 9 '2 . 4
39 4 : 6 , > 6 " -2 6
38 ?72 !7 <.457/.4
87 : 0 !"#Æ*+,- , / #Æ*+ , < . @ ?, 4 #Æ 54= 5 , 6 7 >,7-5 4 ,5 . (, ;"8 <5= . , 6 ,A 8 <5 !"5 4 @AB7 4 [9−10]. 6,"3 58 .6< 75 C : ;1 <5 7 ' 4 C 8 !8) < 5 C :!;,<!7B= 1, 4 5 67——C 7D..E67 5 D9Æ
8 FE,, 34 . ! . 67 = 9 (D9:>,E .2H@ 6 ( I 6L ; A!6bBc=d "= # $%&',G HI[1] 6 I!K) J 4. 5 67 F<G?..A J">CD ? 69, HI[1] :,. ,A6;HE A8 BP;4B,A65 F68 BP;D ,AFP(k) P(k).
G K,< F6B= (4) * + , J- A. ,=LAF> 061 2334k5 7 2f@8M P(k) P(k),N: M"KL **?BB++1/k···k···nP(k)P(1)P(2)···P(k)···P(n)BBBBBP(k)P(1)P(2)···P(k)···P(n)SSSSS ?LC1O:C P(k)−P(1) P ( k)!−)P(1)BBSBx=,y=(1)kk∆∆∆=P(1)−P(1)(2)SB(x,y)C @P?C ,M)1AM. ! "Akk(0,1).L?CO! QN : ) P(k)=P(1)+x∆,P(k)=P(1)+y∆(3)BBkSBkA(0,1)yℷᐌ䇜߸᳆㒓 M?P4N C Q" M ; 3n 4DO, 4 Z,Z=P(n)=P(n),A N(BSB 7?CO2 C1)D B3, x=!
7OZ !7 4" , BP QN(1)O! ?CBb,F68 BPbS. Æ HQPN" Z䇜߸㒜ℶ㒓ᇍㄝ䅽Ӌ㒓AxyB(n,n)"F GM Q9 !3L4H @ 7EDC D 4Q? C(2)O! 4b,N)1,A6 EDC(,)sGb #8 7, R)1 b. ,AF 6 #8 ,C(,).6:AF 6J;EF 50% 7D bsO9xbb1/>01:2;26<=@7AC .
2 23144: HÆ,I8- M?H"(P@"ABCDRSSI,-ITT 30 ,F6. E J !F )i<J" ,A6. <J U .RAV8 FE, R9k ,<O2(4).x≤x,ykk+1"" 1. "57 -L/4[1
8 ] 7C75 :A LV@" X L S MD Y" 1 A 4 L: TK ! 5" , U" U 7≥1 y,/ M,47x 5 ≤ y6C7D7(4)kk+>—— "-
7 .7/87.:OZ(3 PQ; 7) 4N7 . VA 2 J . B7
, ,LK .U 7" -/
M779 @ W C4DW78 4 5 .OZ 4N" Z54); [3"
NG 5( 6 7, X1, 4 .5 6 7 CD7C415 @W 48 :4/ #Æ*+10,- . 2 !W,LLT ! #Æ7@X/8O, 64N" 4 N 5 .O 6Y[11−14],PXZE,- G 8R88 j H4< < R5@5 ?CIP:J ,K -L M k 2N "8 # $%&'(PQRSFi,<A5FC :6LYTT..
=[ : Q 4 8, - ,AF 6,Z \N . ],H A68 .F6. ^[,H F68 ..!" Æ8 , ,J6 6K N 8 <5 A QTN<\<8C3:5 5 C C V7: : D . @4 Æ? ]1885 6<<.755 @ CP A @8F ( W 6m8 L< :C 44 J1;576D47. 15\6 7 ;H_!LT. . H!B= 1,:48 <5C:,- ——C 7D. .(DO(PQRS G. C 7D. 8, 6 !L"2T . 4 G^V .O ]4. 5 4 :.B3, @\.M., 4 !) !,A "@ ?CL
:k(x,y),AAF 6 3k 8 <5 "@ kk3(5) !`=x−0,D=1−y(5)bkskk AF 68 <5 : :bwk: 6 DxD1−ybksks==,w==(6)kD+Dx+1−yD+Dx+1−ybskkbskk Q4kNUV 8A A F54X< ! 56 5 : 34 D 9 !U " . ?6 C @ 3 :22x+y−ykbskkz=wx+wy=(7)kkkkkx+1−ykk(3)O! 3k MC 4 5 L :4P =.P ( 1) +Vz]∆.kBkP(1)UP(1),6: 56 D89 <5C#( \).A :,3 B. S 4 :P(1)+P(1)BSP=.12.,C 7D. 8 <5C:;<75 4 5 QN a^ :P(1)+P(1)BS,Lk=1:P=(8)k2P(1)+z∆,Lk≥2:,k∈NBk
12GX ^Z [4 A56 D19! 3 ` % &,*:$+.+0+1/45,60-2+3(*. l T X ( D O ( P Q RS@(Wm, 67D. ,;3Y C 8@ W8 < :P,[11-−14]. W_2
X < . Æ
b, Æ c, 4,Y F6 X` 8 3 .M)2AM.पᮍӋP(1)SфᮍӋӋP(k)SфᮍᑩӋBPBपᮍᑩӋBPS]oP(k)BP(1)B ]o A68 1<5 P932ĂkĂn䇜߸᭄2nYÆ26Z2[\1C 8 k A6. A65 F68 GL;2C b\\ AFOH66 P..
a8 F68 <5 P3k F6. A6; A68 4 G: P(k) 4F68 BP::,1[ a GL ,P(k) 5 T: BSB; LP(k)]4BP:,a GL ,P(k) 5 4 AT : .BSBP(k)]4A68 BP,1[ a GL ,P(k) 5 4 :AT: SB; SP(k) 4BP:,a GL ,P(k) 5 4 :AT : SBSC: .,AF 6C 8 8 <5 J; . 4 5 Æ 1,
N2 .M6
,:4C 8 8 <5C c\> :,- 4 5 I c,H Æ2 ( ).UU 4 5 b = Y
6;. Fpd^ ,4- .5 QN,J
?C1BP,BBP O= 9,;=3Z<5G Æ!"AF 67D. P(1),P(1) 68 BS, Ee\ !).Se4 Uc Mc\ , Æ Y ED !)?CL]^[08,1 ]Q fM3 .:P(1)≤P(1),BP≤BP(9)BSSBB,S M .ed :00B=min{P(1),BP},S=max{P(1),BP}(10)0SSBSUB G 0B00 L6?8C O;!" (1 1) _EQO N ? C?1COD 9: Q ,AAF 63k . !?C :P(k)−BP(k)−BB0S0′′(11)x=,y=kk′′∆∆′∆=S−B(12)00′′:b,:′′′′P(k)=B+x∆,P(k)=B+y∆(13) .21 3, qCT@:@> ? (H )P ! )S
?C9= J
C,; 3F < L,= C C8: Q8N <5 ; . 4 5 .k ,;3= AF 6 C 8 8 <5QN :′′′′D=1+x−d,D=1+d−y(14)bsksbk
22163 6 Q ÆNTRSSI,-ITT 30 k AF 6C 8 8 <5 : :′′′′′D1+x−d′D1+d−ybsbkssbkw==,w==(15)kk′′′′′′′′D+D2+x−d+d−yD+D2+x−d+d−ybsbsksbkksbk,3k 5! 4 ?C :2′′′′′′′′′′x−y+x+y+dy−dx2k `( s′Dabt′bÆs′kkkbkskz=wx+wy=(16)kkkkk′′′′2+x−d+d−yksbk(13) TB,3k 5! MC 4 :′′PZ=B+z∆(17)_`S(rX,AF 6 3 . 68 \> , c,)3.पᮍӋP(1)SфᮍӋӋP(1)SфᮍᑩӋBPBƸ'Ƹ'Ƹ'Ƹ'पᮍᑩӋBPSP(1)B D 9)U93cd/efPga(1)Bķĸ2ĹuÆ2hvĺ6iwjk3 B,P(1)UP(1)BPUBP \> c,HP,56′,∆=S−BsSB0,MBO c, 0(18)AM.′1)∆=S−B=P(1)−P(1)00SB′2)∆=S−B=P(1)−BP00SSN3Q ) 33 64[, H P !)O c,H (18)′)∆=S−B=BP−P(1)00BB′4)∆=S−B=BP−BP00BS,N)4.,7D. ?C1O !) HT@ HP b, !SD"A?C (0,1).34D,,.HHPP,A63 . 915 F68 Æ], f A6 4 \9, [A6 g4 )4]. QN(9) (11) B, SD" 9),F63 . ′A(x,1),4 ′x :11P(1)−BPBS′x=⊆[0,1](11P(1)−BPSSENFM f h,. HP 4A68 . 6.: ,]c4Æ1A56 dF96, 8 g )4^. (9) (11) B,6: SD" ′A(0,y),4 ′y :11P(1)−P(1)SB′y=1BP−P(1BB,N)⊆[0,1](20)):,A63,F67D. O A6 ′. SD" ?C ′A(x,y), QN(9) (11) B:11P(1)−BPP(1)−BPBSSS′′x=⊆[0,1],y=⊆[0,1](21)11BP−BPBP−BPBSBS
12 % &,*:$+.+0+1/45,60-2+3(*.2217OBǃODℷᐌ䇜߸᳆㒓OC ᇍㄝ䅽Ӌ㒓OZ 䇜߸㒜ℶ㒓x'A(1,1)yA(0,1)yℷᐌ䇜߸᳆㒓Z䇜߸㒜ℶ㒓Zᇍㄝ䅽Ӌ㒓B'(x',y')xynnB(n,n)CC(,)DDb's(b')sOxOx'x'1bb'1bbķĸyyZZx'y'AA(1,1)'y1y'1(0,)B'(x',y')nnB'(x',y')nnCCDDb's(b')s OOx'x1x1(b')1(b')bb\Ĺĺ??0CCPch 6 cj: 1#! 83 7 D7i 3 PQ;9 47iw45<=9n 4, 4 ′P,A′PP(n)=P(n).1 dQ N(,HP !2) B"
j! ) 4"′B′′x=y, C,P !)enn,56 !)` 9eOjC" ?C Æ "A 1d .3 ,HPbT@ ,C"(,)S. D "
f4[D,HPC" hg. AC k#R8T 7 k7(a,b), #8 7 e B,AC 6 :2bby=x−(22)a−ba−bC" ?C 22bb(,); @ 7c,A",T c,C"?C @ :2b−a2b−a())11(,),,.2−x2−x−x111, ! 4 6 F6Th(Æ)(22yyyy1111,,,,222y−x2y111, 4"6 A69@ThÆ,N) Jl8! a :V t l4>"8a ? (<a @5> (C !B:XDC569D7 Mi 7:oOW e& 3% ",,H;P4 9 c(,,6;73 i e] !# ?$C[11]]O : Q = Jn"*,,U:, A (0,1) ,A68 eBP 20,F68 BP . c,67 @5 f ,:48 <5C: 4 5 67! M"%":1)A 5 D9<O28 FE;2)3 . ,R 15 4 , 34 . V];
2C2:185 7 Al RSSI,-ITT9@ 30 3) MJ=A ,C 7D. 8 <5C:5 7r5s 23 6 t4u vbwc, C 8 8 <5.?d05 =e j S .2p1672qk134567P(k)(k)+'i00X..++.. ]6 bc , 8i =J":0S0atU1 ,1c 6 (DO(PQR,0kC 8 8 <567 c,HP,a>U,67 .3. V6;9j=3kiyÆ2yz{|lmBP20203232BBP@,LUc,?C @c (x,y)U(x,y)U(x,y)U(x,y),10 4 @ :=4iwjk6<=zlq{yvwnk1234567nP(k)(k),yo(0,1)(,)(,)(,)(,)(,)(,)11x,y(,1)(,)(,)(,)(,)(,)(,)22x,y(0,)(,)(,)(,)(,)(,)(,)33x,y(,)(,)(,)(,)(,)(,)(,)44 4 <,
A C T5-b: 4H P f ,C 8 8 <5C:5 7 J,HP"
6 @ : 7 ,G 8 CP^! 9 )<8 m5 C A(8 : 7 B!< #Æ15 4 .gd !.5|}n,75: C4A:G F7?# Æ6:*8 4+D8 O,4 - 51 ,6 74 %5" o6(7, ,E 4 5——8 <5C: ,-,% ——C 7D. , 15 4 ,nm 6 4 ,Æ
8 FE1,67
Æ
6 ,@A B7 , 3 .. <= oAf6: >P5T , 6 7l p 7 D .'
U 6
K#H,U1, 4 5.. 4F6P5 HP IL ,
pqX.
r~12} ~% &,*:$+.+0+1/45,60-2+3(*.2219[1]mpn,oq,oÆ,*.pqfJ+p60qI,rrI q[J].s,%##r,2007,10(1):94–,WangQ,GongJ,[J].JournalofManagementSciencesinChina,2007,10(1):94–98.[2][J].Econometric,1950,18:155–162.[3]-[M].:vuv#Bt&,2002:189–[M].:FudanPress,2002:189–232.[4]wtu,Iv,[J].RSSIIxwxy,2007,29(10):1650–,ChengQ,-commercenegotiationmodels[J].SystemsEngineeringandElectronics,2007,29(10):1650–1653.[5]xyy,yn,zzz.{2xwwu,60{{RS[J].s,%##r,2001,6(4):13–,DingW,-commerceorientedNSS[J].JournalofManagementSciencesinChina,2001,6(4):13–17.[6]AnanthanarayananR,,withcompetitionandcooperation[J].ProceedingoftheSeventhIEEEInternationalConferenceonE-CommerceTechnology(CEC’05),2005:42–49.[7]NarayananV,-commercesetting[J].ProceedingoftheSeventhIEEEInternationalConferenceonE-CommerceTechnology(CEC’05),2005:34–41.[8]OlsonJR,[J].JournalofOperationsManagement,2003,21(2):225–245.[9]ozy,|o{.vw,-*.,xx(t)[J].s,%##r,1998,1(1):80–,(I)[J].JournalofManagementSciencesinChina,1998,1(1):80–86.[10]ozy,|o{.vw,-*.,xx(|)[J].s,%##r,1998,1(1):31–,(II)[J].JournalofManagementSciencesinChina,1998,1(2):31–36.[11]z{,|}.$+r|f|}+),60rw[J].(}})*,2004,24(8):24–,[J].ComputerApplications,2004,24(8):24–27.[12]% &,%~},~~+p60 ,-2+3(*.')[M].~s~/Bt&,2009,10:362–,ZhangHL,:DecisionSince&Evaluation[M].IntellectualPropertyPress,2009,10:362–366.[13]KrishnaV,[J].ReviewofEconomicStudies,1996,63(1):61–80.[14]SobelJ,[J].ReviewofEconomicStudies,1983(50):411–426.
