自适应多速率AMR技术剖析
2010-4
2 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
For internal use
HR
FR
EFR
(*)
IS 136
Speech bit rate
话音质量
抗干扰能力
AMR简介
AMR 话音编解码:
8 个全速率 FR和 6 个半速率HR:
No Errors
16 dB C/I
13 dB C/I
10 dB C/I
7 dB C/I
4 dB C/I
EFR
AMR FR
AMR
AMR 全速率与常规EFR的MOS比较(clean speech)
MOS (Mean Opinion Score)
No Errors 19 dB C/I 16 dB C/I 13 dB C/I 10 dB C/I 7 dB C/I
4 dB C/I
FR
AMR HR
AMR 半速率与常规全速率的MOS比较 (clean speech)
MOS (Mean Opinion Score)
3 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
For internal use
AMR
AMR带来的好处
• AMR可以根据信道传输状况优化编码类型，提供更好的话音质量。AMR
FR/HR都有一系列的编码类型，BTS和MS根据信道状况决定使用哪种最佳的
编码类型。在高误码率（BER）的情况下，更多的bit用来做冗余校验；在传
输情况较好的情况下，更多的bit用来传送话音。
•
•
•
•
•
•
提升语音质量及用户感知度: AMR功能使C/I差或是弱覆盖的区域用户的语音
质量提升。
增加网络容量及提升覆盖：在弱覆盖区域AMR可吸收更多话务提高网络容量
且能保证一定的语音质量。
改善半速率的性能：采用AMR HR(自适应半速率)在增加容量的同时,保证信
道和话音的质量,避免半速率对话音质量的影响。在无线环境条件较差时,
AMR半速率会自动转化为AMR全速率,避免避免半速率对话音质量的影响和网
络指标(掉话率)的影响
减少网络干扰：AMR手机使用AMR功能会有较好的纠错能力(error correction
capability)因此AMR手机可以使用较低的PC门限而保持或提升语音质量，对
网络的干扰也会减少。
提升频率复用度：由于网络干扰减少，使用AMR可是提升频率复用度而保持
同样的语音质量。
最大限度地优化使用现有投资： 通过提供良好的语音质量和增加通话能力，
加速GSM网络投资的回报，无需更换现有设备或任何硬件。
Channel
mode
Channel
codec
Mode
Source coding
bit -rate, speech
Net bit -
rate, in -
band
channel
Channel
coding
bit -rate,
speech
Channel
coding
bit -rate, in -
band
TCH/FR
CH0 -FS
CH1 -FS
CH2 -FS
CH3 -FS
CH4 -FS
CH5 -FS
CH6 -FS
CH7 -FS
(GSMEFR)
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s (IS -641)
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kb it/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
0 kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
TCH/HR
CH8 -HS
CH9 -HS
CH10 -HS
CH11 -HS
CH12 -HS
CH13 -HS
kbit/s (*)
kbit/s (IS -641)
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/ s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
4 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
AMR
AMR 码组
Table: Ch annel and speech codec modes for AMR
(*) Requires 16 kbit/s TRAU. Therefore it is not seen as a feasible codec mode
For internal use
Channel bit-rate (kbit/s)
5 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
AMR
AMR 编码组合
20
15
10
5
0
• AMR是优化的信道和语音编码集合，提供更好的语音质量和更高的网络容量
• 根据信道的实际情况，AMR可通过调整编码模式和编码速率的方式，调整纠错码的数
量
25
FR
FR
FR
FR FR FR FR
FR
HR
HR HR HR HR
HR
Channel coding
Speech coding
Error Protection (FER)
Speech Quality (MOS)
AMR codec mode
As a comparison GSM FR gross channel bit-rate:
kbit/s = 13 kbit/s (speech coding) + kbit/s (channel coding)
For internal use
6 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
AMR
AMR工作原理
AMR 编码速率的变换
•
•
•
•
•
•
信道编码模式的转换
Handover
Link
adaption
• FR <-> HR :切换
• 根据运营商的需求或信道
质量
Handover
AMR Half Rate
AMR Full Rate
For internal use
根据信道质量进行变换
一个通话可使用最多四种编码(组)
单个信道的编码组可由切换或模式修改更动
提高用户主观感受(语音质量)
AMR HR提供FR的语音质量
编码速率的变换速度:1/40 ms
Link Adaptation可以和Power Control
并行，对切换也没有影响，因为Link
Adaptation是MS和BTS根据C/Inorm
（根据估算burst bit error probability
(BBEP)，映射为C/Inorm ）执行，
Handover和Power Control是BSC根据
level和quality测量执行。
[dB]
Presentation / Author / Date
AMR
链路自适应
5
0
20
15
10
25
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Time[s]
C/I
EFR operation
AMR mode
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
kbit/s
AMR
Mode
C/I
30
speech
coding
For internal use
7 © Nokia Siemens Networks
channel
coding
AMR
FR
HR
8 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
AMR
信道模式适应
• 信道模式适应是一种转换算法，选择合适的信道模式：FR or HR
Load
Good
Quality
• 转换原则如下图所示：
Codec
HR
HR
FR
FR
packing
unpacking
Bad
Quality
负荷: free full rate resources reduces
below the value of the parameter
btsLoadDepTCHRate(HRL) or
btsSpLoadDepTCHRate (FRL)
•HRL is a BSC level parameter
•FRL is a BTS level parameter, once
defined, it can overwrite HRL
和质量: FR calls which quality is above
the amrHandoverFr(IHRF) for both UL and
DL
和 使用的编码: they are using the least
robust codec mode for both UL and DL，
当 AMR HR 的质量低于所定的门限值
时,AMR HR 也会转换到AMR FR（IHRH）
For internal use
Presentation / Author / Date
For internal use
9 © Nokia Siemens Networks
链路自适应(LA)过程
4.-DL
codec
used
3.- Network
decides which
codec to use
for DL
AMR
DL LA
• 1.-Which DL
Radio
Conditions?
2.-Request a
codec for DL
2.-Command
a codec for
UL LA
UL
1.-Which UL
radio
conditions?
3.-MS uses the
codec
commanded by
the network for
UL
10 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
For internal use
AMR
AMR 信道模式适应
Time
AMR FR 到 AMR HR 的转换由以下的参数决定：
负荷: free full rate resources reduces below the value of the parameter
btsLoadDepTCHRate(HRL) or btsSpLoadDepTCHRate (FRL)
HRL is a BSC level parameter
FRL is a BTS level parameter, once defined, it can overwrite HRL
和质量: FR calls which quality is above the amrHandoverFr(IHRF) for both UL
and DL
和 使用的编码: they are using the least robust codec mode for both UL and DL
当 AMR HR 的质量低于所定的门限值时,AMR HR 也会转换到AMR FR
Free FR TCHs
HRU
HRL
Packing is triggered only when free FR
resources are within this range
11 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
AMR
BER对比
Qaulity 0-7和BER（bit error rate）有一个映射关系，BER反映物理bit错误情
况，因此各个编码类型的Quality与C/I的关系是一致的。
For internal use
MOS
12 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
AMR
2
1
0
4
3
MOS对比
0
1
2 3
4 5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
FR MOS
FR MOS
FR MOS
FR MOS
HR MOS
HR MOS
HR MOS
MOSvs CIR curves
FR-channel:
MOS > if
C/I > 4dB
HR-channel:
MOS > if
C/I > 12dB
C/I (dB)
AMR半速率可用与在 C/I 状态好的情况下提供足够的语音质量
For internal use
13 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
AMR
AMR FR的链路性能
规范中AMR 与EFR相比有的链路增益，实际测试用AMR
和EFR对比结果相似，但是AMR 在C/I从0－20区间FER基本为零，只
有<0的时候FER才明显增加。（规范推荐FER纵坐标采用了对数坐标，曲线轨
迹差别较大）
• LA "frictions" late/over reactions, delays reduce equivalent link level gain to approx.
dB
For internal use
EFR
14 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
AMR
AMR HR的链路性能
规范推荐AMR HR的FER只是拿AMR FR和HR对比，并没有拿普通HR做对比，
对比显示，AMR 比AMR FR有更
强的抗干扰能力。试验测试AMR 比普通HR有5dB的链路增益。
For internal use
AMR
切换的优先级
DE21
UltraSite
(co-located)
For internal use
15 © Nokia Siemens Networks
SDCCH
TCH
Presentation / Author / Date
• 提供连续的AMR的覆盖
1) 具备AMR功能的终端接入支持 AMR 的小区
2) 优先切换到支持 AMR的小区
设备
支持版本
当前版本
BSC
S10
S12
TCSM
Pool23
TCSM3i
UltraSite BTS
-3
MetroSite BTS
-3
Flexi EDGE BTS
-0
-0
TalkFamily BTS
DF6
-2
MSC
M10
M13
Netact
BT
GGS Data network
Presentation / Author / Date
For internal use
16 © Nokia Siemens Networks
AMR
AMR 网元要求
•
•
•
•
•
BSC S10
TCSM2 pool 23
UltraSite BTS
MetroSite BTS
TalkFamily BTS DF6
•
MSC M10
•
NetAct
•
•
NetAct Planner
AMR capable phase 2 phone
SGSN
if
MS
C
HLR/E
IR
SMSC/G
MSC
GPRS
Backbon
e
LI
G
WAP
Billing
Gb
A
if
BS
Inter-PLMN
network
(Internet)
PSTN
Network
TC
C SM
Ater
S Abis
Lb CBC
Charging
Gateway
N
Border
Gateway
AMR 基站支持
• 二代站(DE21 BTS:)
•二代站将不支持AMR功能
• Talk-family基站 (DF34 BTS):
•DE34 AMR FR只支持4种编码方式, , 和，而AMR
HR只支持3种编码方式 , 和 (右图蓝色标记). With this
approach, the link adaptation between full scale of FR modes and
almost full scale of HR can be achieved (note that only 4 codecs
can be selected to be used during a call).
• PrimeSite基站:
•PrimeSite支持的AMR编码方式和DE34一样， Consequently the
frequency hopping functionality will be removed from PrimeSite
BTSs to enable this modification. This means that the last
PrimeSite SW release supporting frequency hopping will be
.
• Nokia InSite BTS:
•InSite将不支持AMR功能
• MetroSite、UltraSite及Flexi基站:
•将全部支持AMR所有编码方式。
For internal use
17 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
AMR
TALK-family BTS:
Full Rate Half rate
MetroSite BTS &
Ultrasite BTS:
Full Rate Half rate
18 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
AMR
开通AMR所需要注意的资源和条件
AMR规划与优化
在开通AMR功能之前，需要进行相应有针对性的网络规划；
在开通AMR功能后，需要进行相应的参数等优化，以达到更好的网络服务性能。
系统软硬件版本
在TCSM3i硬件S12软件条件下，MSC/BSC侧可以将EFR&DR&AMR&Data 作为一个CIRCUIT
POOLS统一识别，这样就不再需要区分AMR及EFR&DR&Data 的A口电路，在此网络环境下使用
AMR 会更加方便，减少日常维护的工作量。
支持AMR手机渗透率
网络已经具有一定的AMR 手机，同时AMR 使用的效果和AMR 终端用户的渗透率具有紧密的联系；
BSS对功能的支持情况
需要注意2nd Generation BTS（DE21）不支持AMR功能，其它设备都可以支持AMR功能。
BSC及相关接口容量
使用 AMR HR 后， BSCs支持的最大信道数保持不变，支持的TRX由信道数确定，如果增开半速率则
BSC支持的载频数量下降，需要评估BSC的容量并根据实际情况进行调整。
随着BSC支持的话务量增加，A接口需要进行相应的扩容。
AMR功能license key
AMR的license key数量应与开通AMR的范围内HR的TRX一致，其可用的license key数量由BSC的
license key总数决定。
For internal use
19 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
AMR
开通AMR所需要注意的资源和条件
Date BSC
FEATURE NAME
FEATURE
STATE
FEATURE
CAPACITY
TCHD TRX数(根据TRX)
remark
09-Mar-10NBSC_R4111
09-Mar-10NBSC_R4101
09-Mar-10NBSC_R4102
09-Mar-10NBSC_R4103
09-Mar-10NBSC_R4104
09-Mar-10NBSC_R4105
09-Mar-10NBSC_R4106
09-Mar-10NBSC_R4107
09-Mar-10NBSC_R4108
09-Mar-10NBSC_R4109
09-Mar-10NBSC_R4110
09-Mar-10NBSC_R4301
09-Mar-10NBSC_R4302
09-Mar-10NBSC_R4303
09-Mar-10NBSC_R4304
09-Mar-10NBSC_R4305
09-Mar-10NBSC_R4306
09-Mar-10NBSC_R4307
09-Mar-10NBSC_R4308
09-Mar-10NBSC_R4309
09-Mar-10NBSC_R4310
09-Mar-10NBSC_R4311
AMR
AMR
AMR
AMR
AMR
AMR
AMR
AMR
AMR
AMR
AMR
AMR
AMR
AMR
AMR
AMR
AMR
AMR
AMR
AMR
AMR
AMR
Capacity
Capacity
Capacity
Capacity
Capacity
Capacity
Capacity
Capacity
Capacity
Capacity
Capacity
Capacity
Capacity
Capacity
Capacity
Capacity
Capacity
Capacity
Capacity
Capacity
Capacity
Capacity
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
53
76
106
63
105
58
81
160
89
117
69
40
40
40
177
40
40
58
44
64
132
44
41
79license不足
99
54
97
59license不足
79
160license不足
93license不足
115
61
9
26
11
141
169license不足
160license不足
46
4
53
276license不足
20
License 不足
For internal use
BSC一旦出现AMR半速率 license不足时会出现DX Error 16299,且全速率=>半速率的小区站会起不来，需要
改回全速率才能重启，因此AMR半速率License一定要有一定冗余(至少20%)以应付重大节假日需开的半速率
数。
20 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
For internal use
AMR
基于以下的话务模型
BSC2i/3i的最大话务处理能力:
3040/3920 Erl, 91000/11700
BHCA
(512/660 FR or 256/330 HR TRXs)
Reference model of call traffic (call mix and parameters):
• mean holding time
• proportion of MS originated calls
• proportion of MS terminated calls
• proportion of handovers (HOs )
• proportion of location updates (LUs)
• proportion of IMSI detaches
120 s
70%
30%
HOs per call
2 LUs per call
detaches per call
• for terminating call attempts, the proportion of no-answer
call attempts to paging requests
• SMS call rate
63%
1 req./subs./1 hour
AMR对BSC的容量的影响
BSCs 支持的信道数量以及话务模型保持不变
• 启用 AMR HR 时，
BSCs 支持的最大信道数保持不变
(BSC2i 4096/BSC3i 5280)
• 支持的TRX由信道数确定
• 例如：BSC2i/3i支持最大 512/660 FR
TRX 或256/330 HR TRX
• BSCs支持的TRX数可由 FR对 HR的
比例门限来保证
21 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
AMR
Nokia 终端对AMR 的支持
• Nokia 从2004年开始提供支持AMR的终端，目前所有的新型号终端都支持
AMR.
• NOKIA 支持AMR的终端：（未含新型号）
Nokia 1100, 2300, 2600, 2650, 3200, 3220, 5140, 6170, 6220, 6230,
6260, 6630, 6670, 6810, 6820, 7200, 7260, 7270, 7280, 7610, 7710,
9500
For internal use
Parameter
Name
建议 值
Comments
说明
AMR configuration in handovers(切换中AMR的
配置)
ACH
1
1 = the currently used multirate configuration is
preferred in further channel allocations. (当前信
道的多速率配置应用于切换后的信道 分配)
2 = the multirate configuration
of target BTS is preferred in further channel
allocations.(根据目标小区的多速率配置进行信道
分配)
The attribute defines the preference
between the currently used multirate
configuration and the one defined for
the target BTS during internal
handovers(使用此参数用户可以定义切换
中目标小区信道分配时当前使用的多 速率
配置还是目标小区中定义的多速率配 置的
分配优先级)
initial AMR channel rate(初始AMR信道速率)
IAC
1
1 = any rate(任意速率), there are no extra
requirements by the parameter and the chosen
channel rate is defined by taking into account
the currently used information for channel
allocation.
2 = AMR FR is preferred(AMR全速率) over
AMR HR and allocated despite of the values of
the currently used information for channel
allocation. IAC=2 overrides TCHRateInt (HRI)
With this parameter you define the initial
channel rate in call setup, internal inter
cell handover (HO) and external HO for
an Adaptive Multi Rate
(AMR) call.(使用此参数可以定义在AMR初
始呼叫、内部切换和外部切换时AMR信道
的类型)
slow AMR LA enabled(慢速链路适应开启)
SAL
Y
Enable slow link adaptation. This is a proprietary
algorithm where codec mode changes happen
every SACCH period (480ms) instead of as fast
as 40ms. Y=慢速链路适应,N=快速链路适应
With this parameter you define the AMR
link adaptation (LA) mode within the
attribute defines the AMR link
adaptation (LA) mode within the BSS.
During fast LA mode BTS the inband
codec mode changes on every other TCH
frame and during slow LA mode BTS
allows inband codec mode changes only
on SACCH frame interval. (使用此参数可
以在BSS系统内定义AMR链路适应模式。)
AMR set grades enabled(AMR 编码速率转换开
启)
For internal use
ASG
Y
Y = downgrades and upgrades are applied(允许
AMR编码速率转换 )
N = downgrades and upgrades are not applied.(
不允许AMR编码速率转换 )
If multirate configuration of source and target
BTS are the same then ACH and ASG has no
impact
With this parameter you define whether
codec mode set downgrades during
internal HOs and upgrades after internal
HOs are applied or not.
22 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
AMR
AMR 有关参数-BSC参数
Parameter
Level
Name
建议值
Comments
AMR FR codec
mode set(AMR全
速率编码模式组)
BTS
FRC
1&4&16&128
With this parameter you define the codec mode set for a full rate channel. If the parameter is defined as disabled, then the whole codec mode
set is disabled. Codec set used is (128), (16), (4), (1) kbit/s *),0，1，2，4，8，16，32，64，128,可以同时设置为0或1－4个
值,0＝禁止,1 = kbit/s,2 = kbit/s,4 = kbit/s,8 = kbit/s,16 = kbit/s,32 = kbit/s,64 = kbit/s,128 = kbit/s，使用
此参数可以定义全速率信道的编码方式，如果设置为禁止则整个编码方式集都不起作用，其它的AMR全速率编码模式集相关的参数都为0
AMR FR
hysteresis 1(AMR
全速率滞后1)
BTS
FRH1
1(dB),MML=2
With this parameter, together with AMR FR threshold 1, you define the threshold for switching from codec mode 1 (lowest bit-rate) to codec
mode 2 (second lowest bit-rate). Unused hysteresis is set as 0.(使用此参数与AMR FR threshold 1参数共同定义了从编码模式1切换到编码模
式2的门限值，如果FRC参数设置为禁止则本参数也设置为0，门限和相应的滞后值应该遵循相应的顺序，也就是说：AMR FR threshold1 and
AMR FR hysteresis 1必须小于或等于AMR FR threshold 2 and AMR FR hysteresis 2 而AMR FR threshold 2 and AMR FR hysteresis 2必须小
于或等于AMR FR threshold 3 and AMR FR hysteresis 3 .)
AMR FR
hysteresis 2(AMR
全速率滞后2)
BTS
FRH2
1(dB),MML=2
With this parameter, together with AMR FR threshold 2, you define the threshold for switching from codec mode 2 (second lowest bit-rate) to
codec mode 3 (third lowest bit-rate). Unused hysteresis is set as 0.(使用此参数与AMR FR threshold 1参数共同定义了从编码模式2切换到编码
模式3的门限值，如果FRC参数设置为禁止则本参数也设置为0，门限和相应的滞后值应该遵循相应的顺序，也就是说：AMR FR threshold1
and AMR FR hysteresis 1必须小于或等于AMR FR threshold 2 and AMR FR hysteresis 2 而AMR FR threshold 2 and AMR FR hysteresis 2必
须小于或等于AMR FR threshold 3 and AMR FR hysteresis 3 .)
AMR FR
hysteresis 3(AMR
全速率滞后3)
BTS
FRH3
(dB),MML=3
With this parameter, together with AMR FR threshold 3, you define the threshold for switching from codec mode 3 (third lowest bit-rate) to
codec mode 4 (highest bit-rate). Unused hysteresis is set as 0.(使用此参数与AMR FR threshold 1参数共同定义了从编码模式3切换到编码模式
4的门限值，如果FRC参数设置为禁止则本参数也设置为0，门限和相应的滞后值应该遵循相应的顺序，也就是说：AMR FR threshold1 and
AMR FR hysteresis 1必须小于或等于AMR FR threshold 2 and AMR FR hysteresis 2 而AMR FR threshold 2 and AMR FR hysteresis 2必须小
于或等于AMR FR threshold 3 and AMR FR hysteresis 3 .)
AMR FR initial
codec mode
indicator (ICMI)
BTS
FRI
0(Defined by
implicit rule
provided in GSM
Link
adaptation)
With this parameter you define whether the initial codec mode used by the mobile station is defined explicitly in the AMR codec mode set or
whether it is implicitly derived by the mobile station from the amount of codec modes in the AMR codec mode set. If the AMR FR codec mode
set
parameter is defined as disabled, then this parameter is set as 0. NOTE: MML description: If the parameter is defined as 0, then the AMR FR
start mode parameter is set as 00. NOTE: MML range: 0: Initial codec mode is defined by the implicit rule provided in GSM (3GPP) 1:
Initial codec mode is defined by the Start Mode field. NOTE: Related parameters: BTS-amrConfFrStartMode MML description: If the
parameter
is defined as 0, then the AMR FR start mode parameter is set as 00. NetAct description: If this parameter is set as 0 (Defined by implicit rule
provided in GSM (3GPP) ), then the parameter AMR FR Start Mode needs to be set as 0 (Codec Mode 1).
AMR FR start
mode(AMR全速
率开始模式)
BTS
FRS
0
With this parameter you define explicitly the initial codec mode used by the mobile station.(使用此参数可以明确的定义手机的初始编码模式。
00: Codec mode 1,01: Codec mode 2,10: Codec mode 3,11: Codec mode 4
AMR FR
threshold 1(AMR
全速率门限1)
BTS
FRT1
4(dB),MML=8
With this parameter you define the threshold for switching from codec mode 2 (second lowest bit-rate) to codec mode 1 (lowest bit-rate).
Unused threshold is set as 0.(使用此参数可以定义从编码模式2到编码模式1的门限值，若不用该门限值则设为0，如果FRC参数设置为禁止则
本参数也设置为0，门限和相应的滞后值应该遵循相应的顺序，也就是说：AMR FR threshold1必须小于或等于AMR FR threshold 2 而AMR FR
threshold 2 必须小于或等于AMR FR threshold 3 。)
AMR FR
threshold 2(AMR
全速率门限2)
BTS
FRT2
7(dB),MML=14
With this parameter you define the threshold for switching from codec mode 3 (third lowest bit-rate) to codec mode 2 (second lowest bit-rate).
Unused threshold is set as 0.(使用此参数可以定义从编码模式3到编码模式2的门限值，若不用该门限值则设为0，如果FRC参数设置为禁止则
本参数也设置为0，门限和相应的滞后值应该遵循相应的顺序，也就是说：AMR FR threshold1必须小于或等于AMR FR threshold 2 而AMR FR
threshold 2 必须小于或等于AMR FR threshold 3 。)
AMR FR
threshold 3(AMR
全速率门限3)
BTS
FRT3
11(dB),MML=22
With this parameter you define the threshold for switching from codec mode 4 (highest bit-rate) to codec mode 3 (third lowest bit-rate). Unused
threshold is set as 0.(使用此参数可以定义从编码模式4到编码模式3的门限值，若不用该门限值则设为0，如果FRC参数设置为禁止则本参数也
设置为0，门限和相应的滞后值应该遵循相应的顺序，也就是说：AMR FR threshold1必须小于或等于AMR FR threshold 2 而AMR FR
threshold 2 必须小于或等于AMR FR threshold 3 。)
AMRuseRLT
© Nokia
SEG
ARLT
64
With this parameter you define the maximum value of the radio link counter expressed in SACCH blocks for AMR connections.(使用该参数可
以定义AMR呼叫的无线链路计数器的最大值，这个计数器由SACCH块的数目表示，建议和RLT值一致，请注意默认值为20会影响掉话指标)
/ Author / Date
AMR
AMR 有关参数-BTS FR参数
For internal
23
P arameter
L evel
N ame
建议值
C omments
AMR HR codec mode
set(AMR半速率编码模
式组)
BTS
HRC
1&4&16
With this parameter you define the codec mode set for a half rate channel. If the parameter is defined as disabled, then the whole
codec mode set is set used is (16), (4), (1) kbit/s.(0，1，2，4，8，16,0＝禁止,1 = kbit/s,2 =
kbit/s,4 = kbit/s,8 = kbit/s,16 = kbit/s,使用此参数可以定义半速率信道的编码方式，如果设置为禁止则整个编码方式集都不起
作用，其它的AMR半速率编码模式集相关的参数都为0)
AMR HR hysteresis
1(AMR半速率滞后1)
BTS
HRH1
1(dB),MML=2
With this parameter you define together with the AMR HR threshold 1 the threshold for switching from codec mode 1 (lowest bit-rate)
to codec mode 2 (second lowest bit-rate). Unused hysteresis is set as 0.(使用此参数与AMR HR threshold 1参数共同定义了从编码模式1切换
到编码模式2的门限值，如果FRC参数设置为禁止则本参数也设置为0，门限和相应的滞后值应该遵循相应的顺序，也就是说：AMR HR threshold1 and
AMR HR hysteresis 1必须小于或等于AMR HR threshold 2 and AMR HR hysteresis 2 而AMR HR threshold 2 and AMR HR hysteresis 2必须小于或等
于AMR HR threshold 3 and AMR HR hysteresis 3 .)
AMR HR hysteresis
2(AMR半速率滞后2)
BTS
HRH2
1(dB),MML=2
With this parameter you define together with the AMR HR threshold 2 the threshold for switching from codec mode 2 (second lowest bit-
rate) to codec mode 3 (third lowest bit-rate). Unused hysteresis is set as 0.(使用此参数与AMR HR threshold 2参数共同定义了从编码模式2
切换到编码模式3的门限值，如果FRC参数设置为禁止则本参数也设置为0，门限和相应的滞后值应该遵循相应的顺序，也就是说：AMR HR threshold1
and AMR HR hysteresis 1必须小于或等于AMR HR threshold 2 and AMR HR hysteresis 2 而AMR HR threshold 2 and AMR HR hysteresis 2必须小于
或等于AMR HR threshold 3 and AMR HR hysteresis 3 .)
AMR HR hysteresis
3(AMR半速率滞后3)
BTS
HRH3
0(dB),MML=0
With this parameter you define together with the AMR HR threshold 3 the threshold for switching from codec mode 3 (third lowest bit-
rate) to codec mode 4 (highest bit-rate). Unused hysteresis is set as 0.(使用此参数与AMR HR threshold 3参数共同定义了从编码模式3切换
到编码模式4的门限值，如果FRC参数设置为禁止则本参数也设置为0，门限和相应的滞后值应该遵循相应的顺序，也就是说：AMR HR threshold1 and
AMR HR hysteresis 1必须小于或等于AMR HR threshold 2 and AMR HR hysteresis 2 而AMR HR threshold 2 and AMR HR hysteresis 2必须小于或等
于AMR HR threshold 3 and AMR HR hysteresis 3 .)
AMR HR initial
codec mode
indicator (ICMI)
BTS
HRI
0(Defined by implicit
rule provided in GSM
GSM Link
adaptation)
With this parameter you define whether the initial codec mode used by the mobile station is defined explicitly in the AMR codec mode
set or is it
implicitly derived by the mobile station from the amount of codec modes in the AMR codec mode set. If the AMR FR codec mode set
parameter
is defined as disabled, then this parameter is set as 0. NOTE: MML description: If the parameter is defined as 0, then the AMR HR
start mode
parameter is set as 00. MML range: 0: Initial codec mode is defined by the implicit rule provided in GSM 1: Initial codec mode
is defined
by the Start Mode field.
AMR HR start
mode(AMR半速率开始
模式)
BTS
HRS
0
With this parameter you explicitly define the initial codec mode used by the mobile station.(使用此参数可以定义基站初始编码模式，如果
AMR半速率编码模式集定义为禁止则该参数设置为00。该参数的设置可以等于或小于AMR半速率编码模式集中半速率编码模式的数量。例如AMR半速率编码
模式集中包含3种编码方式，则该参数的设置可以在1到3之间设置。00: Codec mode 1,01: Codec mode 2,10: Codec mode 3,11: Codec mode 4)
AMR HR threshold
1(AMR半速率门限1)
BTS
HRT1
11(dB),MML=22
With this parameter you define the threshold for switching from codec mode 2 (second lowest bit-rate) to codec mode 1 (lowest bit-
rate). Unused threshold is set as 0.(使用此参数可以定义从编码模式2到编码模式1的门限值，若不用该门限值则设为0，如果FRC参数设置为禁止则
本参数也设置为0，门限和相应的滞后值应该遵循相应的顺序，也就是说：AMR HR threshold1必须小于或等于AMR HR threshold 2 而AMR HR threshold
2 必须小于或等于AMRHR threshold 3 。)
AMR HR threshold
2(AMR半速率门限2)
BTS
HRT2
14(dB),MML=28
With this parameter you define the threshold for switching from codec mode 3 (third lowest bit-rate) to codec mode 2 (second lowest
bit-rate). Unused threshold is set as 0.(使用此参数可以定义从编码模式3到编码模式2的门限值，若不用该门限值则设为0，如果FRC参数设置为禁
止则本参数也设置为0，门限和相应的滞后值应该遵循相应的顺序，也就是说：AMR HR threshold1必须小于或等于AMR HR threshold 2 而AMR HR
threshold 2 必须小于或等于AMRHR threshold 3 。)
AMR HR threshold
3(AMR半速率门限3)
For internal use
24 © Nokia
BTS
HRT3
0(dB),MML=0
With this parameter you define the threshold for switching from codec mode 4 (highest bit-rate) to codec mode 3 (third lowest bit-
rate). Unused threshold is set as 0.(使用此参数可以定义从编码模式4到编码模式3的门限值，若不用该门限值则设为0，如果FRC参数设置为禁止则
本参数也设置为0，门限和相应的滞后值应该遵循相应的顺序，也就是说：AMR HR threshold1必须小于或等于AMR HR threshold 2 而AMR HR threshold
2 必须小于或等于AMRHR threshold 3 。)
/ Author / Date
AMR
AMR 有关参数-BTS HR参数
P arameter
L evel
N ame
建议值
C omments
Intra HO threshold Rx
qual AMR FR(AMR全速率小
区内质量原因切换门限)
HO
IHRF
0
With this parameter you define the threshold level of the signal
quality downlink and uplink measurements for triggering the intra-
cell handover process for an AMR FR call in order to switch it to
an AMR HR call (based on load).(使用该参数用户可以定义触发AMR全速率
到AMR半速率小区内切换的上下行信号质量原因切换门限。)
Intra HO threshold Rx
qual AMR HR(AMR半速率小
区内质量原因切换门限)
HO
IHRH
7
With this parameter you define the threshold level of the signal
quality downlink and uplink measurements for triggering the intra-
cell handover process for an AMR HR call in order to switch it to
an AMR FR call.(使用该参数用户可以定义触发AMR半速率到AMR全速率小区
内切换的上下行信号质量原因切换门限。)
Threshold dl Rx qual
AMR HR(下行AMR半速率接
收质量门限)
HO
QDRH
5
With this parameter you define the threshold level of the signal
quality downlink measurements for triggering the handover. Defined
for the default AMR HR set.(这些参数比较信号强度下行链路测量结果的
平均值，以触发小区间切换进程。此参数定义适用于AMR半速率启动。)
Threshold ul Rx qual
AMR HR(上行AMR半速率接
收质量门限)
HO
QURH
5
With this parameter you define the threshold level of the signal
quality uplink measurements for triggering the handover. Defined
for the default AMR HR set.(这些参数比较信号强度上行链路测量结果的
平均值，以触发小区间切换进程。此参数定义适用于AMR半速率启动。)
Threshold dl Rx qual
for AMR FR(下行AMR全速
率接收质量门限)
HO
QDRF
6
With this parameter you define the threshold level of the signal
quality downlink measurements for triggering the handover. Defined
for the default AMR FR set.(这些参数比较信号强度下行链路测量结果的
平均值，以触发切小区间换进程。此参数定义适用于AMR全速率启动。)
Threshold ul Rx qual
AMR FR(上行AMR全速率接
收质量门限)
HO
QURF
6
With this parameter you define the threshold level of the signal
quality uplink measurements for triggering the handover. Defined
for the default AMR FR set.(这些参数比较信号强度上行链路测量结果的
平均值，以触发小区间切换进程。此参数定义适用于AMR全速率启动。)
25 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
AMR
AMR 有关参数-HO参数
For internal use
P a rameter
L e vel
N a me
建议值
C o mments
PC lower threshold dl Rx
qual AMR FR(AMR全速率基
于下行质 量的功 率功控 门限)
PC
LDRF
4
With this parameter you define the threshold level of the downlink signal quality
measurements for the BTS power increase. Defined for the default FR AMR set.(该参数定义
了BTS由于下行链路质量原因增加功率的门限值 ，该参 数为AMR全速率设 置。)
PC upper threshold dl Rx
qual AMR FR(AMR全速率下
行质量功控上限)
PC
UDRF
1
With this parameter you define the threshold level of the downlink signal quality
measurements for the BTS power decrease. Defined for the default FR AMR set.(该参数定义
了BTS由于下行链路质量原因增加功率的门限值 ，该参 数为AMR全速率设 置。)
PC lower threshold ul Rx
qual AMR FR(AMR全速率基
于上行质 量的功 率功控 门限)
PC
LURF
4
With this parameter you define the threshold level of the uplink signal quality
measurements for the MS power increase. Defined for the default FR AMR set.(该参数定义
了MS由于下行链路质量原因增加功率的门限 值，该 参数为AMR全速率 设置。)
PC upper threshold ul Rx
qual AMR FR(AMR全速率上
行质量功控上限)
PC
UURF
1
With this parameter you define the threshold level of the uplink signal quality
measurements for the MS power decrease. Defined for the default FR AMR set.(该参数定义
了MS由于下行链路质量原因增加功率的门限 值，该 参数为AMR全速率 设置。)
PC lower threshold dl Rx
qual AMR HR(AMR半速率基
于下行质 量的功 率功控 门限)
PC
LDRH
3
With this parameter you define the threshold level of the downlink signal quality
measurements for the BTS power increase. Defined for the default HR AMR set.(该参数定义
了BTS由于下行链路质量原因增加功率的门限值 ，该参 数为AMR半速率设 置。)
PC upper threshold dl Rx
qual AMR HR(AMR半速率下
行质量功控上限)
PC
UDRH
1
With this parameter you define the threshold level of the downlink signal quality
measurements for the BTS power decrease. Defined for the default HR AMR set.(该参数定义
了BTS由于下行链路质量原因增加功率的门限值 ，该参 数为AMR半速率设 置。)
PC lower threshold ul Rx
qual AMR HR(AMR半速率基
于上行质 量的功 率功控 门限)
PC
LURH
3
With this parameter you define the threshold level of the uplink signal quality
measurements for the MS power increase. Defined for the default HR AMR set.(该参数定义
了MS由于下行链路质量原因增加功率的门限 值，该 参数为AMR半速率 设置。)
PC upper threshold ul Rx
qual AMR HR(AMR半速率上
行质量功控上限)
PC
UURH
1
With this parameter you define the threshold level of the uplink signal quality
measurements for the MS power decrease. Defined for the default HR AMR set.(该参数定义
了MS由于下行链路质量原因增加功率的门限 值，该 参数为AMR半速率 设置。)
26 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
AMR
AMR 有关参数-PC参数
For internal use
27 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
For internal use
AMR
Microsoft Office
Excel 97-2003 工作表
AMR 相关指令
指令模板可以参考附件，以参数修改平台
取ZEEI格式直接贴即可生成指令
语音质量
极好
好
一般
不好
极差
M OS
4
3
2
1
N/A
F ER质量
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
28 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
AMR
AMR 相关指令
FER测量与语音质量直接相关(类似MOS指标)，通过FER统计我们可以了解用
户感知度发现语音质量问题，目前网络FER测量只有上行的测量值，而下行是
网络根据BER和FER的关系，参考下行BER得到的评估值，所以为了准确地反
映网络情况，开启FER只进行上行的监控，FER测量提供另一种网络监控手
段。
For internal use
29 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
For internal use
AMR
AMR 有关参数
FIFILE parameters
•
AMR_CODEC_USED (for AMR FR)
BSC radio network object parameters
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
AMR Configuration In Handovers
AMR Set Grades Enabled
Initial AMR Channel Rate
Lower Limit For FR TCH Resources
Upper Limit For FR TCH Resources
Slow AMR LA Enabled
TCH Rate Internal Handover
BTS radio network object parameters
• AMR FR Codec Mode Set
• AMR HR Codec Mode Set
SEG-specific BTS radio network object parameters
• TCH Rate Intra-Cell Handover
Transceiver radio network object parameters
• TRX Half Rate Support
Handover control radio network object parameters
•
•
•
•
•
•
Intra HO Threshold Rx Qual AMR FR
Intra HO Threshold Rx Qual AMR HR
Threshold DL Rx Qual AMR FR
Threshold UL Rx Qual AMR FR
Threshold DL Rx Qual AMR HR
Threshold UL Rx Qual AMR HR
Power control radio network object parameters
•
PC Lower Threshold Dl Rx Qual AMR FR
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
PC Upper Threshold Dl Rx Qual AMR FR
PC Lower Threshold Dl Rx Qual AMR HR
PC Upper Threshold Dl Rx Qual AMR HR
PC Lower Threshold Ul Rx Qual AMR FR
PC Upper Threshold Ul Rx Qual AMR FR
PC Lower Threshold Ul Rx Qual AMR HR
PC Upper Threshold Ul Rx Qual AMR HR
Adjacent GSM cell radio network object
parameters
• AMR Target Cell Of Direct Access To
Desired Layer Applied
Transcoder Configuration
• Creation of EFR and AMR related TC PCMs
(A interface pools).
•
Addition of EFR and AMR related TC PCMs
to the display commands of INTPCM.
Microsoft Office
Word 文文
AMR所有参
数NED说明
HO THRESHOLDS
QDRF and QDRH
Threshold DL RXQual
AMR
QURF and QURH
Threshold UL RXQual
AMR
CODEC HO SETTINGS
AMRConflnhandovers
1= Current Multirate
Config Pref
0= Target
AMRsetgradeEnable
Y= Downgrade & Upgrade
CHANNEL TYPE FOR INTRA and INTERNAL
HOs
HRI=1=ACTUAL TRIH=0
TchRate InternalHO TCHRateIntra-cellHO
30 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
AMR
CODECModeSet
Codec x4
InitCodecMode
0= Second most robust
1= Start mode
= 1 of 4 codecs to start
HRU (BSC) or FRU (BTS)
PACK AND UNPACK
IHRF
AMR HANDOVER
(Intra cell HO-Channel Mode)
AMR 有关参数
CODEC INITIAL SELECTION LINK ADAPTATION
GENERAL
ARLT= Radio Link
Timeout for AMR calls
BTS LOAD
InitAMRchannelrate
1= any rate
2= AMR FR only
SlowAMRLAEnabled
N= 40 ms (ETSI)
Y= 480 ms (Nokia)
FRT1 and HRT1
C/I threshold1
FRT2 and HRT2
C/I threshold2
FRT3
C/I threshold3
FRH1 and HRH1
C/I threshold1
FRH2 and HRH2
C/I threshold2
FRH3
C/I threshold3
IHRH
AMR HANDOVER
(Intra cell HO-Channel
Mode)
If Qual>IHRF
then FR->HR (Packing)
If IHRH<Qual
then HR->FR
(Unpacking)
HRL (BSC) or FRL (BTS)
POWER CONTROL
LDRF and LDRH
PC Lower Threshold DL
RXQual AMR
LURF and LURH
PC Lower Threshold UL
RXQual AMR
UDRF and UDRH
PC Upper Threshold DL
RXQual AMR
UURF and UURH
PC Upper Threshold UL
RXQual AMR
Unpacking Level
Threshold for AMR HR
StartMode
Prevent Interference and
AMR Intracell HO
For internal use
Lower Rx level Limit for
Quality Based Intra Cell
HO
Lower Quality Limit to
31 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
AMR
AMR 有关门限
CODEC_MODE_1
For internal use
CODEC_MODE_2
THR_1 + HYST_1 = THR_MX_Up(1)
THR_1
= THR_MX_Dn(2)
THR_2
= THR_MX_Dn(3)
CODEC_MODE_3
THR_2 + HYST_2 = THR_MX_Up(2)
THR_3
= THR_MX_Dn(4)
C/I
CODEC_MODE_4
THR_3 + HYST_3 = THR_MX_Up(3)
1dB
FRH3
1dB
FRH2
1dB
FRH1
For internal use
32 © Nokia Siemens Networks
AMR
C/I
estimation
(codec
1)
4dB
FRT1
Presentation / Author / Date
7dB
FRT2
11dB
FRT3
AMR 有关门限
Codec
mode
(codec
4)
(codec
3)
(codec 2)
5dB
8dB
12dB
AMR
AMR开启后切换优先级
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Interference (UL or DL)
NonBCCHLayerExit
Uplink quality
Downlink quality
AMR unpacking due to UL level
HO threshold and UL quality
(unpacking is started instead of
UL level based HO if both, UL
level and UL quality for
unpacking triggers)
6. Uplink level
7. AMR unpacking due to DL level
HO threshold and DL quality
(unpacking is started instead of
DL level based HO if both, DL
level and DL quality for
9. MS-BS Distance
-around-corner MS
field drop
moving MS
cell (Power budget HO or
unpacking triggers)
8. Downlink level
*) Unpacking is started instead of UL level based HO if both UL level and UL quality for unpacking trigger.
internal use
Umbrella HO)
based HO in Common
BCCH from BCCH/non-BCCH
layer to non-BCCH layer
packing
unpacking
New
AMR
AMR相关统计
• Current Traffic Measurement counters
•
•
•
•
1110 Full TCH Seiz Speech Ver 3,
1113 Half TCH Seiz Speech Ver 3,
1116 Full TCH Seiz Int HO Ch Rate and
1117 Half TCH Seiz Int HO Ch Rate
• New Traffic Measurement counters
• Seizures for intra AMR HOs, . HOs between AMR
channel rates
• TCH requests for AMR calls
• AMR codec mode set downgrades and upgrades
• New RX Quality Statistics Measurement
counters
• FR and HR codec modes (1-4) used on uplink and on
downlink with different RxQual classes (AMR Codec
Mode Sets counter maps the codec modes 1-4 to
For internal use
34 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
35 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
For internal use
AMR
AMR相关统计
Microsoft Office
Word 文文
计NED说明
• AMR话务是amr话务量是通过qual采样点的方式，表
P_NBSC_RX_QUAL即可取到，现网不用另开测量，公式如下
：
• New Power Control Measurement counters
• The last used uplink and downlink AMR codec mode in the last
measurement interval
• New Clear Code PM Measurement counters
• Successful HOs between AMR channel rates
AMR所有统
36 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
AMR
AMR相关统计
•
AMR话务量是通过qual采样点的方式，表P_NBSC_RX_QUAL即可取到，现网不用另开
测量，公式如下：
•
•
•
•
•
•
For internal use
Qual话务：sum((FREQ_UL_QUAL0,0)+….+ (FREQ_UL_QUAL7,0))*
AMR FR话务：
sum((AMR_FR_MODE_1_UL_RXQUAL_0)+..+(AMR_FR_MODE_1_UL_RXQUAL
_7)+(AMR_FR_MODE_2_UL_RXQUAL_0)+..+(AMR_FR_MODE_2_UL_RXQUAL_
7)+(AMR_FR_MODE_3_UL_RXQUAL_0)+..+(AMR_FR_MODE_3_UL_RXQUAL_7
)+(AMR_FR_MODE_4_UL_RXQUAL_0)+..+(AMR_FR_MODE_4_UL_RXQUAL_7)
)*
AMR HR话务：
Sum((AMR_HR_MODE_1_UL_RXQUAL_0)+..+(AMR_HR_MODE_1_UL_RXQUAL
_7)+(AMR_HR_MODE_2_UL_RXQUAL_0)+..+(AMR_HR_MODE_2_UL_RXQUAL
_7)+(AMR_HR_MODE_3_UL_RXQUAL_0)+..+(AMR_HR_MODE_3_UL_RXQUAL
_7)+(AMR_HR_MODE_4_UL_RXQUAL_0)+..+(AMR_HR_MODE_4_UL_RXQUAL
_7))*
AMR话务= AMR FR话务+ AMR HR话务
AMR话务比例= AMR话务/ Qual话务
从P_NBSC_RX_QUAL计算出AMR话务比例*实际话务量即为真正AMR话务量
37 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
谢谢！
For internal use
