ྏ॓࿐ࣉᅚ 2011, Vol. 19, No. 9, 1397–1404 Advances in Psychological Science DOI: *罗夏测验在西方近10年的最新发展 122232।֣ള ғ ৡ ਾ ߩ ࣁᡊᡊ ඌޣ ᅦਞਞ 1(ݗغў۽ӱն࿐ᇉ࢝ტࠎֹ, ݗغў 150001) 23(ݗغў۽ӱն࿐ದ໓࿐ჽ, ݗغў 150001) (תК୪ြն࿐࿐ളԩ, ݗغў 150030) ᅋ ေ 近10年来, 罗夏综合系统不断发展, 新增了XA%与WDA%、知觉−思维指数PTI、GHR:PHR等多个指标, 修改了8个群变量, 删除了精神分裂SCZI指标。这些新调整虽然不是本质性的, 但使得罗夏综合系统内容更加完善, 信度和效度不断提高, 更加精确化和标准化, 成为西方不可或缺的心理测验工具。尽管罗夏综合系统不断发展, 但仍然存在着操作过于复杂、功能还需要进一步完善等问题。罗夏综合系统作为一个代表性的投射测验, 与其它客观测验组成了一个完整的心理测量体系, 会发挥越来越大的作用。 ܱՍ 罗夏综合系统; 变量; 变量群; 标准化 ٳোݼ અ༱ҩဒ൞၂۱С൳ᆚၰ֥ҩဒbቋԚઅ༱֥ࣚപٳ༅ܴׄ, ࡼҩဒ൪ູ၂۱ഝݖӱbఃԷ৫ᆃ۱ҩဒൈ, Ϝ֒ቔ၂۱ಪᆩ-ᆩतҩဒ, ჅPiotrowskiaHertz aRapaportԷ৫֥۱અ༱ުটႵ֥࿐ᆀϜࣉ၂҄ؿᅚӮູഝҩဒ, ᇯ༢ᄵࢺႿᆃؽᆀᆭࡗbն༢Ԣਔ܋Ⴈ҄ொਔग़ܴ߄݅֡b1968୍ExnerӮ৫ਔઅ༱અ༱Чದࣚ࿊֥ᅦࠖຓ, ીႵޅཌྷᆭࠎࣁ߶, षؓઅ༱ҩဒࣉྛൌᆣྟ࣮, ࡹ৫ԩbཁಖ, ᆃઅ༱ҩဒࢲݔӁളਔ؟ဢྟބఆၬਔઅ༱ሸކ༢b୍ࠫট, ሸކ༢҂؎ؿᅚ, ྟ, ᄯӮਔದૌؓઅ༱ҩဒ֥߈ၐބڎקbູਔࢳರປ(Aronow, 2001; Campo & Vilar, 2007)b࣍थഈඍ໙ี, 1968୍ExnerӮ৫ਔઅ༱ࠎࣁ߶, ᄝ༢10୍, ሸކ༢Ⴕ၂ུྍ֥ؿᅚ, ᇯ҄Ӯູ၂۱൸ބሸކնઅ༱༢֥ࠎԤഈ, Ќਔჰѓሙ߄֥ҩဒb ն༢ᇏႵࢠݺྐ؇ބི؇֥҆ٳ, Ⴛࡆೆྸ؟ྍ֥эਈ, ֞1974୍Է৫ਔઅ༱ሸކ༢1 罗夏测验的历史 (Comprehensive System, CS)bሸކ༢ࡹ৫ᄝൌᆣ1921୍અ༱Է৫ਔઅ༱ࠖҩဒ֥ࠎԤഈ, ఃീҩa࠺ٳބࢳႵབྷ༥֥ѓሙބ, 1922୍ၹѨႇ୍ᄪ൜bՎުઅ༱ࠖҩဒԮೆૅݓ, ࿐ᆀӱ(Kron, Cohen, Benziman, & Ben-Shakhar, 2009), ૌࣉྛਔ҂࣮۳ԛնਈӈଆ, અ༱ҩဒ॓࿐ྟննิۚ, ࠎ, ֞1957୍ྙӮਔնઅ༱༢ЧഈӮູ၂۱ѓሙ߄ҩဒb1997୍, ExnerၹՎࠆ֤(Grфnnerφd, 2004)bఃᇏ, Beck༢ࠎЧഈࡔӻਔઅ༱֥Ԯ, ࡼҩဒ൪ູ၂۱ಪᆩ−ᆩतݖӱૅݓྏ࿐߶ϯؿ֥ห൹܊ངࢂ(Leichtman, 2009)b, طKlopfeॖ, ሸކ༢֤֞ਔૅݓྏ࿐ࢸ֥ಪॖr༢(Fischer, 2006)ᄵཌྷّ, ࡔӻFreud(Hughes, Gacono, & Owen, 2007)b 2 罗夏测验在西方的最新发展 ൬۠ರ௹:2010-10-27 * ޑࡾസ࢝ტ๏ದ໓ഠ߶॓࿐ཛଢ(11544071); 2010અ༱ሸކ༢Է৫ު, ࣐ܵࠆ֤ਔॢభ֥ಪ୍ޑࡾസྍൗࡀ࢝࿐ڿ۪ཛଢ; ޑࡾസۚದॖ, ಯթᄝ҂ഒ֥ലၻ, ၹՎExner၂ᆰ໓ഠ॓ᇗ࣮ׄࠎֹሧࣁሧᇹཛଢ(HEURS0902); ݗᄝ҂؎ڿࣉބປᆃ۱༢b1974୍ԛϱਔሸކغў۽ӱն࿐ᇏနۚࠎЧ॓ြༀٮህཛሧࣁሧ༢ֻ၂ज(ֻ၂ϱ), 1986a1993ބ2003୍ཌྷᇹཛଢ()b ྩרԛϱሸކ༢ֻ၂ज(ֻؽᇀֻඹϱ) (Exner ๙ቔᆀ:।֣ള, E-mail: kongdesheng211@ 1397
1398 ྏ ॓ ࿐ ࣉ ᅚ ֻ19ज & Weiner, 1993; Exner, 2003); 1978୍ԛϱਔሸކэਈಕބPTIᆷඔᇏ, ᆃਆ۱эਈऎႵࢠ֥ۚ༢ֻؽज(ֻ၂ϱ), 1990a2005୍ཌྷྩרԛϱଽ҆၂ᇁྟ༢ඔ, Ֆطॖၛޓݺܙಪᆩۿିބሸކ༢ֻؽज(ֻؽބֻϱ) (Exner & Weiner, ᆐ؎ಪᆩᅰθ(Hilsenroth, Eudell-Smmons, DeFife, 1995; Exner, 2005) bૄՑྩרԛϱ߶અ༱ҩ& Charnas, 2007)bVanem֩ದ(2008)ࡼ60ူဒ֤֞ࣉ၂֥҄ؿᅚbቋ୍࣍, અ༱ሸކ༢Ӯᮏა60ն࿐ളಕุ֥અ༱ඔऌࣉྛؓб, ࢲᄹࡆਔXA%aWDA%aᆩत−නົᆷඔPTIaGHRaݔཁൕXA%թᄝཁᇷҵၳ, ა36ࣚപٳਚᆡPHR5۱эਈ, ྩڿਔ8۱ಕэਈ, Ԣਔࣚപٳߑᆀࣉྛؓб, XA%֥ҵၳ۷ູૼཁ(Vanem et al., ਚSCZIᆷѓbᆃུэ߄ෙಖ҂൞Чᇉྟ֥ڿэ, 2008)bႮՎॖXA%ॖၛࢠݺֹᆐ؎Ф൫֥ಪઅ༱ҩဒ۷ࡆປb ᆩି৯bHilsenroth֩(2007)ᆌؓ78۱ژކ 新增五个变量 DSM-IVѓሙ֥ࣚപѨದބ40۱ᆞӈದࣉྛ࣮, XA%与WDA% XA%aWDA%֥ٳᆀྐ؇ٳљູބ, XA%ӫູྙሑൡކྟ, ֩Ⴟ෮Ⴕ֥+, o, uඪૼᆃਆ۱эਈऎႵࢠ֥ۚྐ؇b ᆭބԢၛ߭ճሹඔRb+, o, uіૼФ൫֥߭ճა 知觉−思维指数(PTI) ෮࿊ਵთหᆘཌྷൡႋ, ၹՎXA%ิ܂ਔܱႿࠖᆩत−නົᆷඔPTIսูਔჰႵ֥ࣚപٳਚ“ݺ֥ྙሑކ”֥б২bWDA%֩ႿWࠣDਵᆷඔSCZIbࣚപٳਚᆷඔSCZI൞ᄝ20ൗࡀ70თ֥+, o, uᆭބԢၛWࠣD߭ճඔᆭބ(Exner, ୍սଌ௹ಒק֥, ֒SCZI౼4ࠣၛഈᆴൈ, Ф൫2003), ิ܂ਔ၂۱۷ູࣚಒ֥ҩਈaܙཌྷؓॖФᆐ؎ູࣚപٳਚᆡbਢԵ࣮ؿགྷ, ֒ૼཁ֥ࠖหᆘФކ০Ⴈ֥б২bXA%აSCZI౼4ࠣၛഈᆴൈ, ᆺႵ65%~80%֥Ф൫ູᆇWDA%֥ᆴ൞োර֥, ၂Ϯ౦ঃ༯WDA%֥ᆴᆞ֥ࣚപٳਚᆡ, طఃᇗᆡሑ֥ದ္ႵေնႿXA%, ္Ⴕ২ຓ, XA%߶նႿWDA%b 10%~20%SCZIᆴ౼4ࠣၛഈ, ᆃіૼSCZIᆷඔXA%aWDA%൞ᆌؓX−%aX+%֥҂ቀطऎႵࢠ֥ۚ“ࡌဝྟੱ”bႭః൞ᆌؓࢠၞԊބิԛ֥b൮༵, XA%aWDA%აX−%ཌྷؓ৫, X−%ټ୮֥ౝഒ୍, ࣐ܵఃᆺႵ၂ུࢠᇗ֥౦࿂ّ႘֥൞҆ٳࠇಆ҆ޭ൪ຒ౷ࠖหᆘ֥౦ঃ, ᆡሑ, SCZIᆴ๙ӈ߶ۚႿ4, “ࡌဝྟੱ”߶ཁսіਔಪᆩି৯֥҂ቀࠇಌཊ, طXA%aWDA%֤۷ۚbൌ࠽ഈ, SCZI౼ᆴ4ࠣၛഈൈ, іૼФᄵսіਔࢠݺ֥ಪᆩି৯bఃՑ, XA%აX+%္൫නົສສ൞໘֥, թᄝಪᆩ—ܴٚ૫֥҂bX+%ෙ္ّ႘ਔཞหᆘФ്љ֥ӱ؇, ໙ี, ط҂၂קႵࣚപٳਚᆡሑbൈ, ୍ུ࣍ఃᆺႨ+ބo߭ճԢၛRট࠹ෘ, აXA%ཌྷбؓࣚപٳਚ֥ᆐ؎ѓሙ္ؿളਔэ߄, ႵུѓಌഒXu%bXu%ԛགྷ֥ੱ٤ӈ֮, ಏّ႘ਔሙ۷۬, طႵུѓሙ۷ॺ(Dao & Prevatt, ၂۱ದหಏژކࠖྙሑّ֥ႋ, ္൞၂۱ܱ2006) bၹՎ, Ⴈ၂۱۷ఞ֥֒эਈսูࣚപٳႿཞ໊҆ФކႨ֥ඔᆴbၹՎ, XA%бਚᆷඔSCZIьӮູགྷൌླေbࣜݖّگ֥ਢԵX+%۷ູປᆜބಆ૫ֹّ႘ਔࠖหᆘФކ്ൌဒ, Exnerิԛਔᆩत−නົᆷඔPTI, PTI֥ଽљ֥ӱ؇bXA%ބWDA%ᇶေФବೆ“ಪᆩטࢫ”ಸࠣѓሙі1b 表1 PTI指数的内容及标准 1. XA%ġ, WDA%ġ 2. X−%ģ.29 3. LVL2ģ2FAB2ģ0 4. Rġ17WSUM6ģ12ࠇRģ16WSUM6ģ17 (ؓ13ෟࠣၛ༯ᆀטᆜѓሙೂ༯ğೂݔRģ16 : 5 to 7=20; 8 to 10=19; 11 to 13 =17, ೂݔRġ17 : 5 to 7 =16; 8 to10 =15; 11 to 13 =14) 5. M−ģ1, ࠇX−%ģ PTI֥ۿିᇶေ൞ؓਆᇕྏۿି, ࠧགྷൌі, ֒Ⴕሢࢠۚᆴൈ, ႄ֝ྏ࿐ࡅऊࢊႿᆩतဒۿିაܴӳౢۿିࣉྛ؎bؓPTIটඪ, აܴᆃਆ۱ᇗေٚ૫bਸ਼ຓ, PTIႨXA%ა҂ᄜթᄝ၂۱ᚾ໋ٳૼ֥ѓሙ, ൞၂۱ົ؇ਈWDA%эਈูսਔᄝSCZIᇏႨ֥X+%აFQ−
ֻ9௹ ।֣ള֩: અ༱ҩဒᄝ༆ٚ࣍10୍֥ቋྍؿᅚ 1399 эਈ, ္ؓಪᆩാ༂֥ห൹࠺ٳ(Wsum6)ቔਔ҂эਈ, ಌكؓದ࠽ྛູ֥ܙི৯bطದ࠽ྛ୍ູਭაّႋሹඔ֥טᆜbᆃུטᆜିܔPTI൞؎۱ุྏࡲूඣaൡႋഠ߶ߌ֥ᇗေࢠູౢ༉ֹܙФ൫֥ಪᆩඣࠣაᆭཌྷܱ֥ᆡᆷѓbીႵᆃ۱ᆷѓ, ࣼمᅧ۱ุ֥ഠ߶ൡሑ, ࢆ֮ਔཌྷؓࢠ֥ۚSCZI֥ࡌဝྟੱ, Ⴍః൞ႋྟbູਔҀᆃ۱ᇗေ֥҂ቀ, PerryބViglione ౝഒ୍֥SCZIࡌဝྟੱb (1991)০ႨၘႵ֥эਈԷ৫ਔაದّႋཌྷܱ֥PTIିܔ۷ݺ֥ٳࡌဝྟੱ൞ၹູᄝPTIᇏᆷѓ, ӫᆭູದุဒّႋ(HEV), ఃᇏЇওਔࡆೆਔۋᆩᅰθ֥ྍᆷѓXA%ބWDA%, ൈPTIGHEაPHE, ٳљսіݺ֥ದุဒაߊ֥ದбSCZIႵ۷ݺ֥ੱbHilsenroth֩(2007)ၛ78ุဒbPerry֥࣮ཁൕHEVᇏPHE֥ੱေჹ۱ژކDSM-IVѓሙ֥ࣚപѨದބ40۱ᆞӈ۱ุູ؟ႿGHE, აࢳѓሙթᄝ؛, აGHE္҂Ф൫ҐႨPTIᆷඔࣉྛਔ၂༢ਙ࣮, ࢲݔཁൕPTIಸၞٳb2001୍અ༱ሸކ༢ҐႨದଽಸّᇏ֥۲ཛᆷѓၛࠣPTIሹٳऎႵࢠ֥ۚྐ؇ބི؇, ႋHRVսูਔHEV, ႨGHRაPHRٳљ౼սਔఃᇏٳᆀྐ؇XA%ູ, WDA%ູ, GHEაPHEbఃᇏGHRսіݺ֥ದোّႋ, PHRSCZIູ, PTIູ; Վຓ, PTIऎႵࢠ֥ۚଽսіߊ֥ದোّႋbᄝڿ֥HRVᆷѓᇏ, GHR҆၂ᇁྟ, ఃα༢ඔູ (Hilsenroth et al., 2007)bაPHR֥ࡎѓሙᄝჰႵ֥GHEაPHE֥ࠎԤՖᆐ؎ི৯টु, Smith, Baity, KnowlesބHilsenroth ഈؿളਔэ, GHRაPHR۷ಸၞФٳ, ္(2001)აRitsher (2004)ٳљ๙ݖ࣮ဒᆣਔPTIႪҀਔჰႵHEVᇏPHEჹնႿGHE֥౦ঃ, ൌႿSCZI֥ࢲંbPTIᆷඔॖၛ۷ູሙಒֹᆐ؎ԛࣚགྷਔPHRაGHR֥नޙٳ҃bHRV֥࠹ෘ܄ൔപࠥѨߑᆀ, ิۚਔઅ༱ሸކ༢ҩಪᆩᅰθ္֥ؿളਔڿэ, Ⴎჰট֥HEV=− ᆐ؎ۿି, ᄹࡆਔؓႿۋᆩ൳֥ܱᇿົ؇, ѩ+эູHRV=GHR−PHRb܄ൔ֥ྩᄝSCZI֥ࠎԤഈିܔ۷ູႵֹིٳᆞӈದაࣚڿದোّႋᆷѓ۷ູࡥֆ߄, ൈ္֝ᇁHRVപѨಕุ, ѩିՖᇗۋᆩᅰθაᇏ؇ۋᆩᅰθ֥აHEV֥ࢳၩၬ֥э߄, ֮HEVսіࡲू֥ٳᇏࡼࣚപࠥѨߑᆀՖದ۬ᅰθߑᆀᇏяಪԛটದ࠽ܱ༢აۿି, ྩڿު֥HRVᄵაᆭཌྷّ, (Ritsher, 2004)b ࠧۚHRVսіࡲू֥ದ࠽ܱ༢აۿି(Viglione, GHR与PHR Perry, Jansak, & Meyer, 2003)bі2ਙԛਔGHRᄪ௹અ༱ሸކ༢ѩીႵაದ࠽ܱ༢ཌྷܱ֥ބPHRّ֥ႋଽಸb 表2 关于人类反应回答的GHR与PHR得分规则 1. GHR࠺ٳğЇওऎႵၛ༯෮Ⴕหᆘ֥ՂHщ (a) ྙሑᇉਈFQĐaFQoࠇFQu (b) ԢਔDVຓીႵಪᆩห൹࠺ٳ (c) ીႵห൹࠺ٳAGࠇMOR 2. PHR࠺ٳğژކ༯ਙ่ࡱޅ၂ཛ (a) FQ−აFQnone (ྙሑ), ࠇ (b) FQĐaFQoࠇFQuა၂۱ALOGaCONTAM, ࠇޅLevel 2֥ಪᆩห൹࠺ٳ 3. GHR࠺ٳğݣႵCOPીႵAG֥ದোّႋ߭ճ 4. PHR࠺ٳğದোّႋ֥ճσᇏႵၛ༯ޅ၂ཛğ (a) ห൹࠺ٳFABCOMࠇMOR (b) ଽಸ࠺ٳAn 5. GHR࠺ٳğФщູ௴๙ّႋ֥ϰⅢ, Ⅳ, ⅦބⅨᇏ֥ದোّႋ 6. PHR࠺ٳğऎႵ༯ਙޅหᆘ֥ದোіղğ (a) AGaINCOMࠇDR (b) Hdщ(҂൞(Hd) щ) 7. GHR࠺ٳğ෮ႵఃჅ֥ದোіղ
1400 ྏ ॓ ࿐ ࣉ ᅚ ֻ19ज Ⴎі2ॖ, GHRაPHRЇওޅದোଽֆ࠺ٳ(ఃᇏЇݣਔ74۱ದোіགྷหᆘ)bࢲݔಸщ֥߭ճ[H, (H), Hd, (Hd), Hx]aႚႵथקၹཁൕؓGHR֥࠺ٳᇏ, ປಆ၂ᇁ֥Ϥٳбղ֞ሰM֥߭ճaࠇЇݣሢCOPࠇAGห൹࠺ٳ֥96%, طPHRղ֞97%, іૼGHRაPHRऎႵFM߭ճb֒၂۱ҩ൫࠺Їݣਔᇀഒ۱ದোޓݺ֥ྐ؇b ّႋ߭ճൈ, ೂݔGHRбPHRն, ޓॖି൞۱ 修改8个变量群 ุޓݺֹൡႋਔದ࠽֥౦, ߶Ф൪ູ8۱эਈಕ(і3)սіਔ8ᇕᇗေ֥ྏࠏ၂۱ཌྷؓࠒ֥ࠞದbّᆭ, ೂݔPHR֩ႿࠇնႿି, ऎႵᇗေၩၬb୍࣍અ༱ሸކ༢ؓᆃ8GHR, ޓॖି۱ุ֥ದ࠽ۿିࢠ, ၛൡোэਈಕቓਔ၂ק֥ྩڿ, ऎุೂ༯b(1)ྐ༏ႋᇛຶߌ, ӈФ൪ູ҂൳ߋ႒֥ದ (Exner, ԩğᄹࡆਔEB, ໊ᇂਙb(2)ಪᆩטࢫğᄹࡆ2005) b ਔXA%, WDA%, R, FQnonebԢਔCONFABb࣮ᆣൌਔHRV֥ྐི؇, ѩHRVaGHR(3)ܴ߄ğᄹࡆਔHVI, OBS, MOR, sum6/Wsum6, ބPHRაཌྷႋ֥HEVaGHEބPHE္ऎႵۚཌྷLambdab(4)॥ᇅ৯ა৯ӵ൳ğᄹࡆਔEBބܱ(rٓຶՖ֞), ᆃіૼHRVဢऎႵLambdab(5)౦৯ğᄹࡆਔ3r+(2)/Rb(6)౦ۋğHEV֥ࢳིႨ(Viglione et al., 2003)bHilsenrothᄹࡆਔDEPIބCDI, Lambda, sumC’/WsumC, ֩(2007)֥࣮ࢲݔཁൕGHRაPHRऎႵࢠۚᇆ߄ᆷඔ, mބY֥ࠁކّႋb(7)ሱᆩतğᄹ֥ٳᆀྐ؇, ఃᇏGHRູ, PHRູ; ࡆਔOBSބHVI, Fr, rF, ഝٳ༅b(8)ದ࠽ᆩतğExner (2003)္ࣉྛਔܱႿGHRބPHR֥ٳ၂ᄹࡆਔGHR/PHR, a/pbԢਔp>a+1bྩڿު֥ᇁྟ࣮, ቆᆮ29ٳᆀؓ321۱અ༱ّႋ8۱эਈಕ֥བྷ༥ଽಸі3b 表3 8个变量群的组内变量内容及分析序列 эਈಕӫ эਈಕଽಸࠣٳ༅ਙ ౦ۋหᆘ DEPI, CDI, EB (ӑࣅᅦڄ۬), Lamda, EBper, eb[Ⴗшᆴ(SumC’+SumT+SumV+SumY)], SumC’ğWsumC, Afr, 2AB+(Art+Ay), CP, FCğCF+C, ՂC (ඔაᇉਈ), S, گކّႋ, ၼ႕گކّႋ, ၼ႕ّႋ ॥ᇅ৯ა৯ӵ൳ D, AdjD, CDI, EA (SumM, WSumC), EB, Lamda, es, Adjes (FM, m,SumC’, SumT, SumV, SumY), CDI ಪᆩטࢫ R, Lamda, OBS, P, XA%, WDA%, X−%, FQ−, S−, (߭ܤᇉ֥ࡨݼّႋ, ҂ಪᆩ౷ࢳ֥ඣ֥ࡨݼّႋ), P, FQĐ, XĐ%, Xu% apܴ߄ EB(ଽౠ), Lamda, EBper, a:p, HVI, OBS, MOR, eb[ቐшᆴ(FM, m)], M: M, 2AB+(Art+Ay), Sum6, Wsum6, 6۱ห൹࠺ٳ֥ᇉਈ, MQ, Mّႋ֥ᇉਈ ྐ༏ԩ Lamda, EB, OBS, HVI, Zf, W:D:Dd, ਵთਙ, W:M, Zd, DQ, PSV, DQ, DQඨ ದ࠽ᆩत CDI, HVI, a:p, Fd, SumT, ෮Ⴕ֥ದোଽಸ, H, GHR, PHR, COP, AG, PER, ܛᆷඔ, ЇݣӮّؓႋ֥MބFMّႋ֥ଽಸ ሱᆩत OBS, HVI, Fr+rF, 3r+(2)/R, FD, SumV, An+Xy, MOR, ՂHğ٤ՂH, ದোଽಸّႋ֥щ, ෮Ⴕ֥ࡨݼّႋaMOR, ದোაᄎّႋ֥ଽಸ ౦৯ D, AdjD, EA, EB (0ᆴ), m,SumT,SumV,SumY, گކّႋ֥گᄖྟ, ၼ႕گކّႋაၼ႕گކّႋ(mაY), ՂC, M, M−, ྙ֥M Grфnnerφd֩ದ(2008)ؓႿ1921~2002୍ࡗ֥Վຓ, ؓбKappaࠇ൞ICCູ, ཌྷܱ༢ඔູઅ༱࣮ࣉྛਔჭٳ༅, ؿགྷః8۱эਈಕᇗҩᆃུ࣮ࢲݔіૼ, ྍ֥࣍2003୍ϱઅ༱ྐ؇ᄝ~, ಀԢ۲ᇕۄಠၹ, Ⴈ݂߭ሸކ༢ऎႵ۷໗ק֥ྐ؇bOglesby (2006)ؓіٚӱყҩᇗҩྐ؇, ఃམᆴູ~ط3ᇏ֥8ቆઅ༱эਈࣉྛਔٳྐ؇(Scoring Meyer, MihuraބSmith (2005)ᆌؓྍ࣍(2003୍ϱReliability)֥ҩ൫, ࢲݔཁൕKappa༢ඔູЧ)અ༱ሸކ༢8۱эਈಕ֥ଽ҆၂ᇁྟྐ؇ࣉ~, ෮Ⴕэਈ֥ࢌҭनᆴ൞֞ྛ࣮, ᆷԛఃྐ؇ᄝ~ᄝః2004୍֥֥kappaᆴၩሢऎႵޓݺ֥၂ᇁྟ, طӑ࣮ᇏ, ႋႨб২ٳ༅م֤ԛ֥ྐ؇༢ඔູ; ݖᄵၩሢ٤ӈݺ֥၂ᇁྟ, ൙ൌഈ, ھ
ֻ9௹ ।֣ള֩: અ༱ҩဒᄝ༆ٚ࣍10୍֥ቋྍؿᅚ 1401 ࣮ᇏႵ၂϶ၛഈ֥эਈӑݖਔ, ᆜุ໗קྟ҃b֞ଢభູᆸ, અ༱ሸކ༢֥ീҩa࠺ٳa༢ඔູ, ᆃіૼቋྍ֥અ༱ሸކ༢ᄝٳࢳႵབྷ༥֥Ҡቔӱ, ࠫެޅ၂ཛଽಸ ྐ؇ഈ൞٤ӈݺ֥(Oglesby, 2006) b ॖၛοӈଆіҠቔ, ѓሙ߄ӱ؇҂؎ࡆ఼(Fowler et al., 2004; Lerner, 2004)bHiller, 3 讨论 Rosenthal, Bornstein, BerryބBrunell-Neuleib (1999)๙ݖჭٳ༅ؿགྷ, અ༱ሸކ༢ི֥؇൞ 罗夏综合系统更加精确化 ቋྍ֥અ༱ሸކ༢ᄹࡆਔXA%aWDA%, MMPIི֥؇൞ (Hiller et al., 1999); ᆩत−නົᆷඔPTMeyer֩ದ(2001)ؓնਈႵܱઅ༱ҩဒaMMPIaIބGHR:PHR4۱ᆷѓ, ྩڿਔ8۱ಕэਈ, ԢਔࣚപٳਚSCZIᆷѓbᆃུטWAISི֥؇࣮ሧਘࣉྛਔ݂ବ, ؿགྷઅ༱֥ᆜઅ༱ሸކ༢۷ࡆࣚಒ߄bྍᄹ֥XA%აनི؇ູ, MMPI֥नི؇ູ, WAISWDA%ᆃ֥नི؇ູ (Meyer & Archer, 2001)bഈඍ2۱ᆷѓ, ሸކ༢ّؓࠖႋൡކྟ֥ܙ۷ࡆಆ૫ބሙಒ࣮іૼ, અ༱ི֥؇ѩ҂֮ႿMMPI֩ᇷ֥, ൈ, ᆃਆ۱эਈФବೆ“ಪᆩטࢫ”эਈಕ, ิۚਔؓФ൫ಪᆩۿିग़ܴದ۬ҩဒ, طႵൈරެ۷ۚbԮഈ, ಪູ֥ܙࣚ؇અ༱ҩဒ൞၂۱ࢠູᇶܴ֥ഝҩဒ, ൌ࠽ഈ, (Ryan, Baerwald, & McGlone, 2008); ᆩत−නົᆷඔPTIูսਔࣚപٳਚᆷඔSCZઅ༱ሸކ༢࠻൞၂۱ഝҩဒ, ္൞၂۱ग़ܴI, ॖၛՖགྷൌဒაܴӳౢਆٚ૫টܙФ൫֥ҩဒ(ಪᆩ−ᆩतҩဒ)bطఃഝݖӱ൞၂۱ѓಪᆩඣބࣚപሑሙ߄֥aग़ܴܴҳ֥ݖӱ, Ⴕሢࢠݺ֥ྐ؇ބི, ࢠնӱ؇ֹࢆ֮ਔཌྷؓࢠ֥ۚSCZI֥ࡌဝྟੱ, Ⴍః൞ౝഒ୍֥SCZIࡌ؇(Meyer et al., 2005; Dean, Viglione, Perry, & ဝྟੱMeyer, 2007)bၹՎ, აఃඪઅ༱ҩဒ൞၂۱ഝ; GHR:PHRᆷѓٳਔݺ֥ದোّႋބߊ֥ದোّႋ, ॖၛࢠູ༥ᇁֹਔࢳФ൫ࠒࠞࠇཨҩဒ, ҂ೂඪః൞၂۱ऎႵഝྟᇉ֥ग़ܴҩဒ, ֥ࠞྏሑ; ྩڿ֥8۱ಕэਈ۷ऎႵᇗေၩॖି۷ژކൌ࠽౦ঃb ၬ 罗夏综合系统仍需要进一步改进 , 8۱эਈಕսіਔ8ᇕᇗေ֥ྏࠏି(ྐ༏ԩ, ಪᆩטࢫ, ܴ߄, ॥ᇅ৯ა৯ӵ൳અ༱ሸކ༢ྩڿު۷ࡆѓሙ߄ބࣚಒ߄, , ౦৯, ౦ۋ, ሱᆩतିܔࢠູಆ૫ֹܙФ൫֥۲ᇕྏሑ , ದ࠽ᆩत), ္൞અ༱ҩဒ֥ቋᇔଢѓ, 8۱эਈಕ֥ྩڿ֤અ༱ҩဒ(Masling, 2006)bಯႵ҂ቀ, ླေࣉ၂҄ڿࣉb ܙ 罗夏综合系统过于复杂 8ᇕྏࠏି۷ࡆሙಒ, Ֆ۴Чഈิۚਔઅ༱ҩဒ֥ۿିބི৯અ༱ሸކ༢ҩဒൈࡗࢠӉ, ࠺ٳཛଢَ؟, (Nygren, 2004)b ሸކটඪ, અ༱ҩဒ֥༢߄ބࣚಒ߄აఃࢲݔࢳگᄖ, ಸၞԛགྷҠቔാ༂, മᇀଖ၂ཛФࢤ൳֥ದ۬ܙҩ൫ޓཌྷර, ఃႨႿದ۬ଢ࠺ٳാ༂, ॖିԛགྷ؟୶ིႋ, ֝ᇁᆜุࢳܙ൞ఞ֒ބொ֥, Ⴍఃઅ༱ҩဒॖၛхषٝპ, ԛགྷொҵ(Lovitt, 2004)bᆃ၂༢ਙр؊ࡼ֝ᇁઅᄝܙଽႅದ۬ٚ૫ऎႵఃग़ܴದ۬ҩဒم༱ሸކ༢҂ၞФܼބ࿃ؿᅚbೂޅࢳथഈб֥Ⴊ൝ބૼཁ֥ᄹၭི؇(Board of Trustees ඍ໙ี, гᆀಪູႵၛ༯ٚم(1)ॖൡ֒ࣚࡥઅ༱of the Society for Personality Assessment, 2005)b ҩဒ, ࡥ߄ఃҠቔ, ьႿ࿐༝ᆀ෮ᅧbೂ 罗夏综合系统更加标准化 GrфnnerφdބHartmann (2008)ᄝ୳ຯၘ࣮ࣜԛઅ༱ሸކ༢ࡹ৫ᄝൌᆣ֥ࠎԤഈ, ๙ݖն၂ᇕྍ֥a۷ູࡥࢱ֥અ༱࠺ٳ༢ਈ֥ਢԵࠣൌဒটࣉྛ࣮b࣍10୍ট, ᆃᇕౠRN-Rorschach (Revised Norwegian Rorschach), ཟ۷ࡆૼཁbྍᄹࠇྩڿ֥эਈ, ൞ᄝؓնਈ࣮ᆷԛᆃ၂ٳุ༢აઅ༱ሸކ༢ऎႵࢠݺ֥Ф൫֥ਢԵҩ൫ބൌဒᇏӁള֥b1990୍Exner࡙ಸྟ, ٳᆀྐ؇ᄝ֞ᆭࡗ, ႮႿᇗྍࡹ৫ਔ၂۱Ⴕ700ဢЧ֥અ༱ඔऌ, ᄝᆃ၂ٳุ༢൞ᆌؓ୳ຯದطᇅק֥, ؓႿః1999୍ؿགྷᄝھඔऌᇏႵ200۱ဢЧФᇗگݓࡅ֥ൡႨྟߎႵրࣉ၂֥҄ဒᆣ; (2)֒࠺ᇏႨb2001୍Exnerؓઅ༱ඔऌࣉྛਔֻඹՑྩڿ, ԛགྷਢࢸٳൈ, ေࡼაਢࢸٳཌྷܱ֥ჰ࠺ٳބၛ600۱ᆞӈӮದູФ൫ܒࡹਔྍ֥અ༱ඔऌဢэਈࣉྛّگނؓ, ಒЌሙಒ༂; (3)અ༱ᇶ൫Ч, ൌགྷਔྟљaֹთമᇀࣜ࠶֩Ҫ૫֥नޙٳᆀေࢤ൳ᆞ֥ܿઅ༱, ඃᅧઅ༱۲ᇕ࠺
1402 ྏ ॓ ࿐ ࣉ ᅚ ֻ19ज ٳࠣࢲݔࢳ֩ܿੰ, х૧ԛགྷ၌a࠺հaෘ֥֞໙ีbطᆃ္൞ग़ܴҩဒၛቓ֥֞b(3)અհ֩հ༂b ༱ҩဒ֤ܼ֥֞ٗႋႨ, ؿߨਔᇗေቔႨ୍a1982୍a1995୍LubinaWatkins֩טҰؿགྷ 罗夏综合系统功能需要进一步完善 અ༱ሸކ༢ቋᇔิ܂ਔ14ཛࢲݔ, Їও6ᄝਢԵഈӈႨ֥30۱ྏҩဒᇏ, અ༱ҩဒᇔ۱หљᆷѓބ8۱эਈಕbऎุູஆᄝభ4໊, ൞ቋӈႨ֥ྏҩဒᆭ၂(Exner, (1) PTI (ۋᆩ-නົᆷඔ2003)bᄝૅݓ, અ༱ҩဒᄝޓ؟ն࿐ቔູ࣮ള), (2) DEPI (ၝკᆷඔ), (3) CDI (ႋؓಌཊᆷඔ), (4) S-CON (ሱ೪ᆷඔ), (5) HVI (ӑࣞࢵсྩज़ӱ, ѩᄝඳمקaದҌܙaᇆ৯ҩᆷඔaظ࿐༝ᅰθܙaူӮᮏa۾ࠌྛູa), (6)OBS (఼௧ᆷඔ); (7)ྐ༏ԩ, (8)ಪᆩטࢫ, (9)ܴ߄, (10)॥ᇅ৯ა৯ӵ൳ྟ৾֩ಕุ֥ದ۬หᆘ࣮֩ٚ૫ؿߨਔᇗ, (11)౦ေቔႨ, Ӯູ҂ॖࠇಌ֥ྏҩਈ۽ऎb ৯, (12)౦ۋ, (13)ሱᆩत, (14)ದ࠽ᆩतb࣐ܵᆃུࢲݔၘࣜቀܔپڶ, ಯಖႵྸ؟ਢԵᆡሑ1974୍ExnerປӮઅ༱ҩဒֻ၂जൈ, ᄻಪمܙູ“ሸކ༢൞၂۱҂հ֥ࢲݔĆ”֞ਔ1977୍, , ೂࢊ੮ᆡaၐѨᆡa౸ุ߄֩പࣜᆡ, шჸದ۬aሱ৾ದ۬֩ದ۬ᅰθ, ᄭॾaொᆳ֩ؿགྷఃൌؓઅ༱ҩဒ֥ฐ෬“۷ཞ൞၂۱ીႵࣚപѨbࠧᄝઅ༱ҩဒିܔܙ֥ᆡሑᇏ, Ⴕ࣐֥۽ቔĆ” (Exner, 2005)ᅚຬઅ༱ҩဒ֥ໃটུଢభߎ҂ܔሙಒ(Berghoutᆭਫ਼, ॖି߶Ⴕᆃဢࠫᇕؿᅚ൝b(1)અ༱ҩဒ & Zevalkink, 2008; Lindgren et al., 2007)bೂၝკᆷඔDEPI, ఃؓၝ֥ऍնమିߎ߶࿃षؿԛট, ఃऎС۷؟֥კ֥ܙི؇ᆺႵ (Berant, Newborn, & ྏᆐ؎ۿିbೂؓࢊ੮aၐѨ֩പࣜᆡ֥ᆐ؎Orgler, 2008), ᆺି൞ՙၝკሑ, ҂ିቓԛۿି, ؓшჸದ۬aሱ৾ದ۬֩ದ۬ᅰθ֥ܙሙಒၝკᆐ؎bေࢳथഈඍ໙ี, гᆀಪູ၂൞ۿି֩, ѩఃܙࢲݔॖି္߶აDSM-IV۷ေ࿃ࡆ఼ؓઅ༱ҩဒ֥࣮, ҂؎ঔԉఃۿࡆb(2)અ༱ҩဒ֥Ҡቔ߶ࣉ၂҄ࡥ߄bઅ༱ି; ؽ൞ေࡼઅ༱ҩဒაఃग़ܴҩဒ৳ކҩဒ֥ݖႿگᄖದຬطಏ҄, ቅθਔఃࣉ၂҄Ⴈ, ೂაMMPIaWAIS֩৳ކႋႨ, ٚॖҩ֞Ф֥ؿᅚbଢభ, ᄝ୳ຯaರЧ֩ݓ, ၘࣜႵ၂ུ࿐൫ၩ്ࠣమၩ്ᇏ֥ྏଽಸ, ࠆ֤ಆ૫ധೆᆀؓઅ༱ҩဒӇ൫ྟֹࣉྛਔࡥ߄, ౼֤ਔԚ֥҄ܙིݔb ֥Ӯݔb֒ಖ, ႮႿઅ༱ҩဒऎႵഝྟᇉ, ҂ॖିࣚࡥ֞ग़ܴҩဒֹ֥҄bࣜݖ҂؎ฐ෬, ཌྷ4 总结与展望 ྐࡼটॖၛӮູ၂۱ۿି఼նaҠቔႻ҂ݖႿઅ༱ҩဒࣜݖ࣍Ϥ୍֥ؿᅚ, ၘࣜರӮඃگᄖ֥ҩဒb(3)ࡆ఼ؓઅ༱ҩဒ֥ॴ໓߄࣮, ҂ބປb(1)અ༱ҩဒၘࣜӮູ၂۱ѓሙ߄֥ҩဒb؎ঔնઅ༱ҩဒ֥ႋႨbઅ༱ҩဒఏჷႿᇝ, ྖᆞೂWeiner (1999)෮ඪ, અ༱ሸކ༢൞၂۱ᄝഹႿૅݓ, ၹՎؓૅݓࡅ֥ൡႨྟࢠݺ, طؓఃྏҩਈ࿐ഈཌྷ֒ॖौ֥aѓሙ߄֥ದ۬ҩဒ۽նᇝބݓࡅ൞ڎൡႨႵրႿࣉ၂࣮҄bՖၘႵऎ, ೂݔᆞಒֹീҩa࠺ٳބࢳ, Ֆҩဒᇏॖၛ֥၂ུ࣮ࢲݔॖၛुԛ, અ༱ҩဒऎႵ၂ק֥֤֞նਈ֥ႵႨྐ༏, ᆃུྐ༏ႵᇹႿࣉྛᆐ؎௴ൡྟ, ᆃུ࣮ട֥ࠣݓࡅބဢЧႵཋ, ߎ҂ܙaᇅקྏۄყ࠹߃aؓྏࠥѨ֥ؿᅚࣉି֤ԛಒ్֥ࢲં(Grфnnerφd & Hartmann, 2008)bྛყҩބ૭ඍ֒൙ದ֥ದ۬֩b(2)અ༱ሸކ༢ਸ਼ຓ, ᄝၘႵ֥࣮ᇏ, ѩໃടࠣᇏݓဢЧ, ၹՎ, ऎႵሱ࠭ห֥Ⴊ൝bઅ༱ሸކ༢֥ܙଽಸઅ༱ҩဒᄝᇏݓ֥ॴ໓߄ࠣЧ߄࣮ॖି൞҂ޓܼٗ, ടࠣಪᆩaܴ߄a౦৯aӉ௹ࣲުᇏݓྏҩਈ࿐ࢸ֥၂۱۽ቔb ৯a॥ᇅ৯აӵ൳৯aሱaದ࠽ܱ༢a౦ۋaሹᆭ, ቔູഝྟྏҩဒ֥սі, અ༱ҩሱ೪aࣞतa఼௧֩؟۱ٚ૫, ఃᇏܴؓ߄aဒႵሢห֥a҂ॖսู֥ࡎᆴ, ఃაग़ܴྏ౦৯aӉ௹৯a॥ᇅ৯აӵ൳৯aࣞत֥ҩဒཌྷڣཌྷӮaቆӮ၂۱ປᆜ֥ྏҩဒุ༢, ܙ൞અ༱ҩဒႵ֥ۿି, ఃҩဒޓടᄝࡼট߶ؿߨᄀটᄀᇗေ֥ቔႨb ࠣbਸ਼ຓ, અ༱ҩဒିܔࡗࢤܙФ൫֥ྏหҕॉ໓ང ᇉ, ెֹхषఃྏٝპ, ҩ֞Ф൫మၩ്ᇏAronow, E. (2001). CS norms, psychometrics, and ֥౦ࢲބଽႅದ۬, ؿགྷФ൫ሱ࠭ॖିၩ്҂
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1404 ྏ ॓ ࿐ ࣉ ᅚ ֻ19ज Nygren, M. (2004). Rorschach Comprehensive System Cognitive mediational deficits and the role of coping variables in relation to assessing dynamic capacity and ego styles in pedophile and ephebophile Roman Catholic strength for psychodynamic psychotherapy. Journal of clergy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1, 1–16. Personality Assessment, 83, 277–292. Smith, S. R., Baity, M. R., Knowles, E. S., & Hilsenroth, M. Oglesby, L. L. (2006). Depression, cognition, and J. (2001). Assessment of disordered thinking in children anosognosia in Alzheimer’s disease: A Rorschach analysis. and adolescents: The Rorschach Perceptual-Thinking Unpublished doctorial dissertation, The University of Index. Journal of Personality , 447–463. Tennessee, Knoxville, 39. Vanem, P.-C., Krog, D., & Hartmann, E. (2008). Assessment Perry, W., Viglione, . (1991). The Ego Impairment Index of substance abusers on the MMMI-III and the Rorschach. as a predictor of outcome in melancholic depressed Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49, 83–91. patients treated with tricyclic antidepressants. Journal of Viglione, D. J., Perry, W., Jansak, D., Meyer, G., & Exner, J. Personality Assessment, 56, 487–501. E., Jr. (2003). Modifying the Rorschach human experience Ritsher, J. B. (2004). Association of Rorschach and MMPI variable to create the human representational variable. psychosis indicators and schizophrenia spectrum Journal of Personality Assessment, 81, 64–73. diagnoses in a Russian clinical sample. Journal of Weiner, I. B. (1999). Contemporary perspectives on Personality Assessment, 83, 46–63. Rorschach assessment. European Journal of Psychological Ryan, G. P., Baerwald, J. P., & McGlone, G. (2008). Assessment, 15, 78–86. The Latest Development of the Rorschach Test in the West in Recent Ten Years 122 232KONG De-Sheng; CAI Li; LIU Hui; JIN Lu-Lu; LI Shu-Hong; ZHANG Lin-Lin 1 (Natinal Base for College Students Cultural Quality Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China)2 (College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China) 3( Student Affairs Office, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China) Abstract: The Rorschach Comprehensive System has been developing in the past ten years with XA%, WDA%, perception - thinking Index PTI, GHR: PHR and Some other indicators added, 8 clusters of variables modified and the schizophrenia index SCZI removed. All these changes improve the system, and make the Rorschach a more reliable and valid, standardized and objective test in the west. Though there are still some problems with its complex operations and some imperfect features, combined with other objective tests, the Rorschach Comprehensive System as a typical projective test will play a more and more significant role in a complete system of the psychological assessment. Key words: Rorschach Comprehensive System; variable; the cluster of variables; standardization
