Chapter Four
Packing and
Marking
包装和唛头
Section 1 Packing
• 1. Factors influencing the nature of
packing影响包装的因素
• (1)Value of goods产品价值
• (2) Nature of the transit运输性质
• (3) Nature of cargo货物性质
• (4)Compliance with customs or statutory
requirements符合海关和法定要求
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• (5)General fragility of cargo商品的易碎性
• (6)Variation in temperature during the course
of the transit运输中温度的多变性
• (7)Ease of handling and stowage操作和储存的
便捷性
• (8)Insurance acceptance conditions保险的要求
• (9)The size of the cargo and its weight货物的尺
寸和重量
• (10)Marketing considerations营销考虑
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2. Functions of packing
• (1)Protective 保护
• (2)Storage 储存
• (3)Loading and transport 装载和运输
• (4)Sales function 销售
• (5)Promotional function 促销
• (6)Service function 服务
• (7)Guarantee function 保障
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3. Types of packing
• Transport/Outer packing运输包
装或外包装
• Category
• According to methods of packing:
• Cases, drums/ casks/ hogsheads/
barrels, bags, bundles/ bales,
crates/ skeleton cases, containers.
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Requirements for outer
packing
• Transportation requirements,运输
要求
• Product requirements,产品要求
• Distribution requirements.分销要求
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Case study 4-1
• A Chinese importer purchased some flammable
liquid chemical raw material from a French
exporter. When the shipment arrived at the
destination, it was found that there was a slight
leakage caused by the defect in a few packages.
The importer failed to take any measures to
prevent the damage from expanding. As a
result, the leakage worsened after the
warehousing and led to a self-ignited fire. The
importer lodged a claim against the exporter for
full compensation of the total loss, but was
refused. Why?
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Sales packing
• Sales packing is also called inner
packing, small packing or
immediate packing.
• 销售包装也称内包装、小包装或直接
包装。
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Kinds of packaging
• Hanging type悬挂式, piling type堆
叠式, portable type携带式, one-off
type一次性, Zip-top/ Ring-pull type
易拉式, Spraying type喷射式,
complete-set type成套式包装, gift
packaging type礼品包装.
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Neutral packing & manufacturing
brand-name goods
中性包装和定牌
• Neutral packing
• Makes no mentions at all of the name of the
country producing the goods and the name
of the manufacturer on the commodity and
on the outer and inner packages.
• 在产品本身或其内外包装上均不显示其生产国
别和生产厂商的名称。
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Manufacturing brand-name
goods
• Means certain export commodities
use the trade marks designated by
the clients or bear the name of the
buyer’s firm or related signs.
• 特定出口商品使用国外客户指定的商标
或类似标记。
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Case study 4-2
• A company concluded a sales
contract with B, stipulations in
contract as: packed in cartons of 30
tins each. A supplied the whole
goods, but part of which were
packed in cartons of 24 tins. B
refused to take the whole goods. Did
B have rights to do so?
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Section 2 Marking of package
包装上的标志
• 1. Shipping mark运输标志/唛头
• Shipping mark is the most
important which should be
discussed and agreed on by both
parties.
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(1)Components of shipping mark
• ISO has suggested a standardized
form of shipping mark which has four
lines in total with no more than 17
letters in each line and contains no
graphs.
• 国际标准化组织推荐使用标准运输标志：
共四行，每行不超过17个字母，不带有
任何图表。
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Standardized shipping mark
标准唛头
• Abbreviations of consignee or
buyer.收货人货买方的名称缩写
• Reference number.参考号
• Port of destination.目的地/港
• Package number.包装件数
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收货人
目的港
整批货物600件
中的第一件
合同号
三角形的运输标
志
整批货物总共
600件
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(2)General requirements for
shipping mark
• It is not wise to design the shipping mark
complicatedly.
• 不建议设计复杂的唛头。
• The position should be proper and color
should be durable.
• 唛头位置合适、颜色持久。
• No advertising propaganda words and
pictures are allowed to be inserted into
the marks.
• 唛头中不允许插入广告性宣传语或图案。
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2. Indicative mark指示性标志
• It refers to the symbols or words that
indicate the nature of the contents of
the package and instructions to
facilitate the smooth handling of the
cargo that needs special care.
• 一些货物因本身特性，需要在包装上用
简单的图形或文字提醒人们操作中应注
意的事项。
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紧急出口 滑动开门 滑动开门 推开 拉开
EXIT SLIDE SLIDE PUSH PULL
WATERPROOF THIS SIDE UP FRANGIBLE NO HOOKS
防潮 此端朝上 易碎品 禁用钩
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3. Warning mark警告性标志
• Warning mark also called dangerous
cargo marks are used to remind the
cargo handlers to take necessary
safety measures. They are stenciled
clearly on outer packages with
warning phrases.
• 也称危险品标志，用简单的图形或文字提
醒操作时应采取安全措施。
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当心火灾—易燃物质 当心火灾—氧化物 当心爆炸—爆炸性物质
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4. Supplementary marks补充性标志
• Supplementary marks are any official
marks required by authorities, such
as country of origin, weight and
dimensions, etc.
• 是一些官方机构所要求的标志，如原产国、
重量体积等标志。
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5. Product code条形码
• The product code label is the standard bar
code symbology for product marking,
composed of black and white lines of
different widths and spaces with figures
underneath which indicate the name,
specifications, origin and price of the
product.
• 条形码是由粗细间隔不等的黑白条纹加上其下
方的数字所标示的商品名称、规格、原产地和
价格等内容。
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(1) UPC
• Universal Product Code is a 12-
digit unique code for products by
to scan.
• It has five versions, UPC version E
is the most common but smaller in
which it drops out “0”.
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(2) EAN
• EAN is an international product
marking bar code standard being
13-digit in global trade.
• China adopted EAN in April, 1991.
The bar codes with “690”, “691”,
“692” mean that the products are
made in China.
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Section 3 Clause of Packing
• 1. Pay attention to different commodity
characteristics and relevant transport
requirement.
• 注意不同商品和运输方式的特性和要求。
• 2. Using specific packing terms.
“seaworthy packing”, “customary
packing” or “seller’s usual packing”
should be avoided.
• 规定具体的包装条件。尽量避免“适宜海运的
包装”、“惯常包装”、“卖方常用包装”等
字眼。
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• 3. Specifying the bearer of
packing charges.
• 明确包装费用的承担者。
• 4. Marks on packing of sellers
was used commonly.
• 一般使用卖方的包装标志。
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