벼쫵쒣럂뮹쫇훆뛈쒣럂ꎿ ꆪꆪ움퇮킡뾭ꆢ쇖틣럲맘폚뫳랢폅쫆폫쇓쫆횮헹 맹컵놣 뫺몺닽 ꎨ커몺듳톧뺭볃랢햹퇐뺿훐탄ꎬ뫾놱 커몺 430072ꎩ 햪튪ꎺ퇮킡뾭ꆢ쇖틣럲맘폚뫳랢폅쫆폫쇓쫆횮헹ꎬ쪵훊짏쫇뫳랢맺뗄뺭볃랢햹펦룃ퟟ벼쫵쒣럂뗀슷뮹쫇훆뛈쒣럂뗀슷횮헹ꆣ놾컄캧죆헢룶뫋탄컊쳢ꎬ뛔쮫랽뗄훷튪맛뗣뷸탐쇋맩쓉쳡솶뫍럖컶움쮵ꎬ죏캪벼쫵쒣럂폫훆뛈쒣럂쫇뫳랢맺뫳랢폅쫆늻뿉럖룮뗄솽룶ퟩ돉늿럖ꎬ퓚늻춬뗄랢햹뷗뛎웤ퟅ훘뗣폐쯹늻춬ꎬ떥뒿뗄벼쫵쒣럂싛뫍훆뛈쒣럂싛뚼쫇듭컳뗄뫍폐몦뗄ꆣ 맘볼듊ꎺ벼쫵쒣럂ꎻ 훆뛈쒣럂ꎻ 뫳랢폅쫆ꎻ 뫳랢쇓쫆 훐춼럖샠뫅ꎺ 컄쿗뇪쪶싫ꎺA 쇖틣럲뷌쫚폚2002쓪6퓂12죕퓚놱듳랢뇭쇋ꆶ뫳랢폅쫆폫뫳랢쇓쫆ꆪꆪ폫퇮킡뾭뷌쫚짌좶ꆷ뗄퇝붲ꎬ헢쫇뛔퇮킡뾭뷌쫚퓚쳬퓲퇐뺿쯹쯹ퟷ뗄ꆶ뫳랢쇓쫆ꎬ릲뫍폫ퟔ평ꆷ뗄퇝붲ꎬ틔벰뷜뢥샯ꆤ죸뿋쮹ꆢ뫺폀첩ꆢ퇮킡뾭ꆶ뺭볃룄룯뫍쿜헾맬ꆷ튻컄뗄횱뷓믘펦ꆣ평폚헢뎡싛헹짦벰떽훐맺룄룯훐뗄탭뛠훘듳샭싛뫍쪵볹컊쳢ꎬ뇈죧뛔룄룯뗄움볛뫍쿂튻늽룄룯뗄랽쿲폫춾뺶컊쳢ꎬ틲뛸쫜떽맺쓚톧쫵뷧뫍뻶닟늿쏅뗄맣랺맘힢ꆣ헢뎡싛헹뇭쏦짏쫇뫳랢맺폐뫳랢폅쫆뮹쫇뫳랢쇓쫆횮헹ꎬ쪵훊짏쫇뫳랢맺뗄뺭볃랢햹펦룃ퟟ벼쫵쒣럂뗀슷뮹쫇훆뛈쒣럂뗀슷횮헹ꆣ놾컄캧죆헢룶뫋탄컊쳢ꎬ뛔쮫랽뗄훷튪맛뗣뷸탐쇋맩쓉쳡솶뫍럖컶움쮵ꎬ죏캪벼쫵쒣럂폫훆뛈쒣럂쫇뫳랢맺뫳랢폅쫆늻뿉럖룮뗄폐믺ퟩ돉늿럖ꎬ퓚늻춬뗄랢햹뷗뛎웤ퟅ훘뗣폐쯹늻춬ꎬ떥뒿뗄벼쫵쒣럂싛뫍훆뛈쒣럂싛뚼쫇듭컳뗄ꆣ놾컄쳘뇰횸돶ꎬ훆뛈뫳랢폅쫆늻뷶듦퓚ꎬ뛸쟒쫇뫳랢맺뿉틔샻폃뗄훘튪폅쫆ꆣ 튻ꆢ퇮킡뾭ꆢ쇖틣럲맘폚벼쫵쒣럂폫훆뛈쒣럂뗄싛헹 11ꆢ퇮킡뾭뗄훆뛈쒣럂싛 퇮킡뾭뗄훷튪맛뗣뿉틔맩쓉죧쿂ꎺ 웤튻ꎬ틔벼쫵쒣럂듺쳦훆뛈쒣럂쫇뫳랢맺뗄ꆰ뫳랢쇓쫆ꆱꆣ죏캪실뫳맺볒쒣럂랢듯맺볒뗄벼쫵죝틗뛸쒣럂랢듯맺볒뗄훆뛈쓑ꆣ실뫳맺볒쟣쿲폚쒣럂랢듯맺볒뗄벼쫵뫍맜샭뛸늻좥쒣럂랢듯맺볒뗄훆뛈ꎬ헢퇹실뫳맺볒쯤좻뿉틔퓚뛌웚쓚뺭볃믱뗃뿬쯙뗄퓶뎤ꎬ떫쫇믡잿뮯훆뛈쒣럂뗄뛨탔ꎬ룸뎤웚퓶뎤쇴쿂탭뛠틾뮼ꎬ짵훁뎤웚랢햹뇤캪늻뿉쓜ꆣ죏캪맽좥쯕솪좡뗃뗄뛌웚뗄뺭볃퓶뎤ꎬ퓚폚쒣럂쇋놾훷틥뗄릤튵뮯쒣쪽ꆣ뛸쯕솪횮쯹틔늻쓜좡뗃뺭볃뗄뎤웚퓶뎤ꎬ퓲퓚폚횻쒣럂쇋릤튵뮯쒣쪽뛸쎻폐쒣럂컷랽뗄훆뛈쳘뇰쫇룹놾탔뗄쿜헾훆뛈ꆣ죏캪훐맺뗄붥뷸룄룯횮쯹틔좡뗃쇋튻뚨뗄벨킧ꎬ퓚폚훐맺맽좥듦퓚탐헾럖좨뗄헾닟좡쿲ꎬ뛔릤튵뮯쒣쪽뗄쒣럂쫇늻뎹뗗뗄ꎬ볆뮮쳥훆쎻폐쯕솪퇏쏜ꎬ샍뚯럖릤늻죧쯕솪뢴퓓ꎬ룄룯쿠뛔죝틗웰뚯ꎬ틲뛸뮹듦퓚뷏듳뗄벼쫵쒣럂뿕볤ꆣ좻뛸ꎬ퓚좱랦놾훷틥믹놾훆뛈뗄쟩뿶쿂ꎬ떱벼쫵쒣럂뗄잱솦틑뺭뫄뺡ꎬ믲헟샍뚯럖릤뗄췸싧뇤뗃죕틦뢴퓓뗄쪱뫲ꎬ헢훖닟싔뗄뎤웚듺볛붫뎬맽쯼뗄뛌웚샻틦ꎬ틲캪헢훖쳥훆쎻폐ퟔ컒훆뛈뒴탂쓜솦벰쿠맘뗄훆뛈믹뒡짨쪩ꆣ 웤뛾ꎬ쒣럂펦룃평쓑뛸틗ꆣ죏캪퓚뷸탐뷏틗뗄벼쫵쒣럂횮잰,튪쿈췪돉뷏쓑뗄훆뛈쒣럂ꎬ뫳랢맺볒퓚쒣럂뫃쿈뷸맺볒뗄훆뛈횮잰ꎬ쫇쎻폐룱붲ꆰ훆뛈뒴탂ꆱ뗄ꆣ쓦웤뗀뛸탐쫇늻탐뗄ꎬ뇈죧쿈랢햹뺭볃ꎬ퓙뷸탐쿜헾쳥훆룄룯ꎬ뇘좻떼훂뢯냜쿖쿳뗄닺짺ꎬ틽훂뎤웚뺭볃랢햹 1
뗄쪧냜ꆣ죏캪훐맺퓚좱랦쿜헾훈탲뗄쫐뎡좡쿲룄룯훐랢햹웰살뗄쮫맬훆ꎬ쪹헾뢮맙풱뗄뢯냜뫍믺믡훷틥탐캪훆뛈뮯쇋ꎬ뛸폫붥뷸룄룯쿠냩쯦뗄뢯냜ꎬ쫇쫪싲쳘좨뷗닣뗄슢뛏좨솦뗄튻훖랽쪽ꆣ떱뺭볃랢햹뗄뫳살헟쫔춼룏짏랢듯맺볒쪱ꎬ쯼춨뎣ퟱ톭ퟅ쓦쿲뗄훆뛈랢햹릤돌톧ꎬ벴쯼쫗쿈쫔춼쒣럂릤튵뮯쒣쪽ꎻ뷓쿂살쫇뺭볃훆뛈ꎬ훮죧쮽죋웳튵뗄ퟩ횯뷡릹ꎻ퓙쿂살쫇램싉쳥훆ꎬ훮죧릫쮾램ꎻ좻뫳쫇헾훎쳥훆ꎬ훮죧듺틩훆쏱훷ꎻ쯼튲탭ퟮ훕닉쓉튻킩쿜헾맦퓲ꎬ훮죧좨솦뗄훆뫢벰살ퟔ랢듯맺볒뗄틢쪶탎첬뫍탐캪맦랶ꆣ퓚펢맺ꎬ뺭볃랢햹뗄ퟮ돵맽돌쫇떹맽살뗄ꎬ듓ꆰ맢죙룯쏼ꆱ뾪쪼ꎬ틲탎돉쇋틩믡폫맺췵뗄좨솦훆뫢뛸폐쇋릲뫍훆ꎬ헢퇹뛔맺췵좨솦폐쿞훆ꎬ뛔쮽폐닺좨폐놣뮤ꎬ좻뫳닅믡돶쿖릤튵룯쏼ꎬ뺭볃랢햹닅믡쓇쎴뿬ꆣ퓚훆뛈쒣럂폫벼쫵쒣럂뗄맘쾵짏ꎬ퇮킡뾭잿뗷뗄쫇쯼쏇싟벭짏뗄쿈뫳맘쾵ꆣ뻍쫇쮵ꎬ떱좻뿉틔튻뇟쿜헾룄룯ꎬ튻뇟벼쫵쒣럂ꎬ짵훁튲뿉틔쿈웴뚯벼쫵쒣럂ꎬ뫳웴뚯쿜헾룄룯ꎬ떫퓚헢퇹뗄쟩뿶쿂ꎬ벼쫵쒣럂뗄킧맻붫쫜떽틖훆ꎬ쯼뛔뎤웚뺭볃랢햹벨킧뗄펰쿬ꎬ뮹쫇튪뗈떽뫏샭뗄훆뛈낲업랢믓ퟷ폃횮뫳닅쓜돤럖쳥쿖돶살ꆣ 웤죽ꎬ훆뛈쒣럂쳘뇰쫇쿜헾룄룯뻟폐룹놾뗄훘튪탔ꎬ쫇뺭볃맬뗄뫋탄ꆣ죏캪듦퓚ퟅ튻룶훆뛈뫋탄ꎬ쯼쫇뎤웚돉릦뗄뺭볃랢햹뗄룹놾ꆣ맬쫇뫳짧믡훷틥맺볒뗄훆뛈폫좫쟲놾훷틥훆뛈쟷춬뗄맽돌ꎬ뛸늻쫇뒴퓬튻룶놾훊짏늻춬폚놾훷틥뗄훆뛈뒴탂맽돌ꆣ죏캪뺭볃맬뗄뫋탄쫇듳맦쒣뗄쿜헾훆뛈뗄뇤ꎬ뺭볃룄룯횻쫇쿜헾탍뗄튻늿럖ꆣ뺭볃퓶뎤뗄ퟮ훕풴좪쫇훆뛈폫벼쫵뗄뒴탂ꎬ뛸헢킩뚼쫇퓚룸뚨뗄쿜헾훆뛈쿂췪돉뗄ꆣ퓚ꆰ듳튻춳ꆱ뗄훆뛈쿂ꎬ쯹쓜퓊탭뗄훆뛈뎢쫔뗄쫽솿폫훖샠ꎬ풶풶킡폚ퟔ평훆뛈쿂쯹퓊탭뗄훆뛈뎢쫔뗄쫽솿폫훖샠ꎬ틲뛸훆뛈뒴탂뗄뿉쓜탔튪킡뗃뛠ꎬퟮ훕뗄뺭볃벨킧튲닮뗃뛠ꆣ뺭볃탍뗄뫋탄쫇듳맦쒣뗄쿜헾훆뛈뗄뇤ꎬ퓚탂뗄쿜헾훆뛈쿂ꎬ죋쏇ퟱ쫘튻룶탂뗄폎쾷맦퓲ꎬ헢훖폎쾷맦퓲쓜릻닺짺룼뛠뗄훆뛈뒴탂뫍룼뫃뗄뺭볃벨킧ꆣ붨솢탂뗄훆뛈뗄뎤웚샻틦폫뛌웚킧맻췹췹늢늻튻훂ꎬ늻춬뗄랢햹훐맺볒쳘뚨뗄샺쪷뫍컄뮯뒫춳늢늻쓜떼훂늻춬뗄맬슷뺶ꎬ쯹폐맺볒펦룃ퟱ톭춬튻맬슷뺶ꆣ쯻횸돶ꎬ훐맺ퟷ캪튻룶뫳랢맺볒ꎬ뺡맜쿖퓚룄룯뫜돉릦ꎬ떫쫇평폚쎻폐뷸탐룹놾뗄쿜헾쳥훆룄룯ꎬ뎤웚랢햹붫퇏훘쫜ퟨꆣ 웤쯄ꎬ벤뷸쪽쒣럂쫇뿉좡뗄ꆣ쯻죏캪뺭볃쪷쫇탭뛠맺볒뷸탐늻춬뗄훆뛈쫔퇩뗄맽돌ꎬ뛔폚쓇킩엶쟉쫔퇩쇋뻟폐뺺헹솦뗄훆뛈뗄맺볒뛸퇔ꎬ훆뛈퇝뷸룼폐뿉쓜쫇붥뷸뗄ꎻ떫쫇ꎬ뛔폚쓇킩엶쟉쫔퇩쇋컞킧싊훆뛈뗄맺볒뛸퇔ꎬ맬붫닉좡룼벤뷸뗄랽쪽ꎬ틔뇣춨맽쒣럂룏짏룼뻟폐뺺헹솦뗄훆뛈뗄맺볒ꆣ붥뷸쪽룄룯뫍ꆰ헰떴쇆램ꆱ뗄릲듦ꎬ뿏뚨뇈솽헟횮튻떥뛀듦퓚룼폐훺폚듳솿랢짺뛠퇹탔뗄훆뛈쫔퇩ꆣ죕놾쏷훎캬탂뫍뛾햽뫳듳놬햨쪽뗘맬떽뻽훷솢쿜훆뿉틔놻죏캪쫇돉릦뗄듳놬햨쪽맬ꆣ죏캪쯹폐뗄듳놬햨쪽맬뚼늻쫊떱늢힢뚨튪쪧냜뗄맛뗣쫇늻헽좷뗄ꆣ훐뛭룄룯돉킧뗄죏뚨탨튪훘탂뾼싇ꎬ늻쓜틲캪뛌웚뗄듬헛뛸죏뚨룄룯쪧냜ꎬ믲헟죏뚨뛭맺맬늻죧훐맺룄룯돉릦ꆣ쿖퓚탭뛠뚫얷맺볒뗄뺭볃틑뺭ퟟ돶룄룯뗄헱떴ꎬ늽죫뿬쯙퓶뎤뗄쪱웚ꆣ뛭맺쯤좻쒿잰뾴웰살퓚룄룯랽쏦뇈훐맺쪧냜ꎬ떫평폚쯻쏇뷸탐쇋룹놾뗄쿜헾쳥훆뇤룯ꎬ폫램맺듳룯쏼뫍쏀맺쓚햽뺭샺뗄헱떴쿠뇈ꎬ웤쒿잰뗄헱떴뫍듬헛쫇뛌웚뗄ꎬ쯹틔뛭맺뗄돉뻍붫살믡뎬맽훐맺ꆣ 웤컥ꎬ헾훎늻춳튻뛔훆뛈쒣럂웰훘튪뗄췆뚯ퟷ폃뛸늻쫇ퟨ낭ퟷ폃ꆣ퓚컷얷쫔퇩맽룷훖훆뛈ꎬ듓삩즢ꆢ쒣럂ꆢ맬떽돉릦ꎬ훆뛈뇤잨뗄튻룶훘듳췆뚯솦솿쫇컷얷퓚헾훎짏늻춳튻ꆣ헢뇭쏷틲캪뷏뛠뗄맺볒듳킡쿠뷼ꎬ쯹틔퓚컷얷늻듦퓚쓜릻ퟳ폒웤쯻맺볒뗄뎬듳맺볒ꆣ탭뛠킡맺헾뢮횮볤뗄벤쇒뺺헹폐샻폚룼폐쓜솦뗄헾뢮돶쿖ꆣ헢쓜릻뷢쫍캪쪲쎴엓듳뗄쓚슽맺볒ꎬ훮죧뛭싞쮹뫍훐맺ꎬ뷓쫜뺺헹탔뗄훆뛈뇈웤쯻맺볒튪싽ꆣ헢튲뷢쫍쇋캪쪲쎴킡뗄떺맺뫍뗘쟸ꎬ죧펢맺ꆢ죕놾뫍첨췥ꎬ쓜릻룼톸쯙뗘뷓쫜뺺헹탔뗄훆뛈ꆣ퓚헻룶얷훞쪷짏ꎬ뺭볃뫍헾훎짺믮뗄뒴탂퓚튻룶뗘쟸랢짺ꎬ퓚쯼쏇놻뻵달믲횤쏷쇋폐폅쫆뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ믡춨맽헷럾ꆢ횳쏱뮯ꆢ뗛맺춳훎ꎬ쒣럂뛸뒫능떽웤쯻뗘쟸ꆣ훆뛈뒴탂뒫능떽훮죧훐맺ꆢ펡뛈뫍뛭싞쮹헢퇹뗄듳슽뫍듳뗄럢뇕짧믡ꎬ뇈웰뒫능떽쓇킩틀삵맺볊쎳틗ꆢ맺볊솪쏋뫍벰쪱뗘닉쓉살ퟔ몣췢뗄ퟮ병쪵볹뛸 2
짺듦뗄킡뗄뾪럅짧믡튪삧쓑뗃뛠ꆣ죧맻킡뗄쪵쳥늻쫇볲떥뗘놻듳쫆솦췌뗴뗄뮰ꎬ튲탭퓚뺭볃룄룯훐ꎬꆰ킡뗄뻍쫇쏀뗄ꆱꆣ 22ꆢ쇖틣럲뗄벼쫵쒣럂싛 쇖틣럲뗄훷튪맛뗣쫇ꎺ 뗚튻ꎬ벼쫵쒣럂쫇뫳랢맺뫳살뻓짏뗄훷튪틀뻝ꎬ쫇뫳랢폅쫆뗄훷튪쓚죝ꆣ퓚틀뾿틽뷸벼쫵뗄랢햹훐맺볒훐ꎬ벼쫵뇤잨뗄돉놾풶풶뗍폚랢듯맺볒ꎬ틲뛸듓벼쫵뗄닣쏦살쮵ꎬ랢햹훐맺볒폐뇈랢듯맺볒퓶뎤룼뿬뗄잱솦ꆣ랢햹훐맺볒쫕죫쮮욽ꆢ벼쫵랢햹쮮욽ꆢ닺튵뷡릹쮮욽폫랢듯맺볒폐닮뻠ꎬ뿉틔샻폃헢룶벼쫵닮뻠ꎬ춨맽틽뷸벼쫵뗄랽쪽살볓쯙랢햹훐맺볒벼쫵뇤잨ꎬ듓뛸쪹뺭볃랢햹뗃룼뿬ꆣ헢뻍쫇쯹캽ꆰ뫳랢폅쫆ꆱ뗄훷튪쓚죝ꆣ 뗚뛾ꎬ훆뛈쫇쓚짺뗄ꎬ훆뛈뗄뇤쫇튻룶뎤웚뗄뮺싽뗄맽돌ꆣ훆뛈쫇훘튪뗄ꎬ떫쫇튻룶ퟮ폅뗄훆뛈낲업쪵볊짏쫇쓚짺뗄ꎬ폫랢햹뷗뛎벰샺쪷ꆢ컄뮯뗈틲쯘폐맘ꆣ훆뛈뇤잨쫇늻뿉쓜룴특뻍쓜췪돉뗄ꎬ벴쪹릲뫍쿜헾쳥훆헦뗄쓇쎴훘튪ꆣ훆뛈늻쫇춨맽룄뇤쿜램믲헾좨뻍뿉틔퓚튻듺죋믲솽듺죋횮볤붨돉뗄ꎬ횻쓜쫇튻쏦랢햹뺭볃튻쏦훰늽첽쯷ꎬ훰늽췪짆ꆣ쯻죏캪ꎬ볈좻쿜헾쫇죋쏱죏뿉뫍뷓쫜뗄폎쾷맦퓲ꎬ뛸늻쫇킴퓚횽짏뗄ꎬ뛸튻훖탂뗄폎쾷맦퓲놻죋쏱죏뿉뫍뷓쫜ꎬ퓲쫇튻룶뮺싽뗄맽돌ꎬ쫜떽컄뮯틲쯘뗄훆풼ꆣ틲듋ꎬ탍뇘좻쫇튻룶뎤웚뗄맽돌ꎬ늻믡틲캪튻늿쿜램뗄냤늼뫍튻듎톡뻙뗄뻙탐뻍쓜췪돉ꆣ폃벤뷸룄룯뗄랽쪽늢늻쓜헦헽쪵쿖쿜헾탍ꎬ떫헢훖룄룯뛔뺭볃뗄웆뮵쫇횱뷓뫍솢벴뗄ꎬ틲듋ꎬ붥뷸뗄룄룯뇈벤뷸뗄룄룯뫃ꆣ 뗚죽ꎬ쿜헾쳥훆늢늻쫇뺭볃뎤웚랢햹돉릦뗄돤럖쳵볾믲뇘튪쳵볾ꎬ튲늻뻟놸뛌웚쓚붨돉뗄뿉탐탔ꆣ쿜헾쳥훆룄룯쿈탐뗄맺볒늢늻튻뚨뫃폚쿜헾룄룯뫳탐뗄맺볒ꎬ뮹쎻폐랢쿖쫀뷧짏폐쓄튻룶뫳랢맺볒쫇틲캪쿈뷸탐쇋릲뫍쿜헾쳥훆룄룯ꎬ좻뫳뺭볃닅돖탸ꆢ뿬쯙랢햹ꆣ퓚쿜헾쳥훆폫뺭볃뎤웚랢햹벨킧횮볤쫇럱쿠맘헢룶컊쳢짏ꎬ쇖틣럲쎻폐뷸탐헽쏦뗄싛횤ꎬ뛸쫇춨맽뻙돶벸룶랴샽살횤쏷ꎬ쿜헾쳥훆뛔폚뺭볃뎤웚랢햹살쮵볈럇돤럖쳵볾ꎬ튲럇뇘튪쳵볾ꆣ죧펡뛈뫜퓧뻍쪵탐쇋릲뫍쿜헾훆뛈ꎬ떫훁뷱캴뾴떽웤뺭볃랢햹뗄솼뫃벨킧ꎬ쯹틔쿜헾쳥훆늻쫇뺭볃뎤웚랢햹돉릦뗄돤럖쳵볾ꎻ폖죧탂볓웂쎻폐쪵탐릲뫍쿜헾훆뛈ꎬ떫웤뺭볃랢햹뗄솼뫃벨킧컞뿉럱죏ꎬ쯹틔쿜헾쳥훆튲늻쫇뺭볃뎤웚랢햹뗄뇘튪쳵볾ꆣ퓙듓뺭퇩짏살뾴ꎬ펢쏀뗄릲뫍쿜헾쳥훆볈늻쫇랢햹훐맺볒룏짏랢듯맺볒뗄돤럖쳵볾ꎬ튲늻쫇뇘튪쳵볾ꎻ뿶쟒ꎬ쪵탐펢쏀쪽뗄릲뫍쿜헾쳥훆튲늻쓜놣횤펢쏀뗄뺭볃랢햹쮮욽쇬쿈폚쎻폐헢훖쳥훆뗄맺볒ꎻ듋췢ꎬ늻쿈쪵쿖펢쏀쪽쿜헾쳥훆룄룯ꎬ튲늻볻뗃튻뚨믡쪹맺볒믺믡훷틥훆뛈뮯ꆣ 뗚쯄ꎬ쿜헾쳥훆늻튻뚨쫇ퟮ폅뗄훆뛈ꆣ죕놾ꆢ쯕솪뗈맺늻듦퓚쿜헾쳥훆ꎬ늻쓜붫쿜헾쳥훆쫇럱듦퓚ퟷ캪죕ꆢ뛭뗈맺랢짺컊쳢뗄룹놾풭틲살뷢쫍ꆣퟮ폅뗄훆뛈쓚짺뗘뻶뚨폚튻룶뺭볃떱훐뗄뫜뛠틲쯘ꆣ평폚룷룶뺭볃쳥훐탭뛠틲쯘뗄늻춬ꎬ틲뛸늢쎻폐튻룶ꆰ럅횮쯄몣뛸뷔ힼꆱ뗄ퟮ폅훆뛈ꆣ뇈죧쮵ꎬ튪탎돉쿠뮥훆뫢뗄릲뫍쿜헾쳥훆ꎬ뻍뇘탫폐뫃벸룶퓚헾훎뫍뺭볃솦솿짏듳풼쿠뗈뗄벯췅ꆣ듓샭싛뫍뺭퇩뗄뷇뛈살뾴ꎬ튻룶뫳랢맺볒늢럇튪쿈쪵쿖펢쏀쪽쿜헾쳥훆룄룯닅뿉틔뇜쏢뫳랢쇓쫆ꆣ뫳랢맺쓜럱샻폃폫랢듯맺볒횮볤뗄벼쫵닮뻠살볓쯙뺭볃랢햹뗄맘볼퓚폚랢햹햽싔ꎺ죧맻헾뢮뗄헾닟폕떼쪹웳튵퓚랢햹뗄쎿튻룶뷗뛎짏ꎬ뚼쓜돤럖샻폃튪쯘?뢳뷡릹쯹뻶뚨뗄뇈뷏폅쫆살헽좷뗘톡퓱닺튵ꎬ쓇쎴ꎬ뫳랢폅쫆뻍쓜릻돤럖랢믓ꎬ튪쯘ꆢ?뢳ꆢ뷡릹뚼쓜뗃떽뿬쯙뗄쳡짽ꎬ닺튵뷡릹뻍믡틔ꆰ킡늽뿬엜ꆱ뗄랽쪽컈늽쿲랢듯맺볒뷓뷼ꎻ랴횮ꎬ죧맻쫔춼룏뎬ꎬ뺭볃훐뻍믡폐룷훖얤쟺뫍톰ퟢ탐캪ꎬ뷡맻믡쫇ꆰ폻쯙늻듯ꆱꎬ늻뷶늻쓜쪵쿖뫳랢폅쫆ꎬ뛸쟒ꎬ뮹붫닺짺룷훖훆뛈얤쟺뗄ꆰ뫳랢쇓쫆ꆱꆣ 3춬퇮ꆪ쇖횮헹쿠맘뗄퇐뺿횸돶ꎬ훆뛈쒣럂뗄쒿뇪뛔룄룯뗀슷뗄탎돉뻟폐뻶뚨탔펰쿬ꆣ훐뛭룄룯랽쪽뗄늻춬쫇평훆뛈쒣럂뗄쒿뇪늻춬쯹뻶뚨뗄ꎬ벴뛔풭폐짧믡훆뛈뎹뗗럱뚨ꎬ췆떹훘살ꎬ떫쫇ꎬ췪좫쒣럂컷랽뗄믹놾짧믡훆뛈ꎬ뮹쫇퓚놣돖풭폐짧믡믹놾훆뛈늻뇤뗄잰쳡쿂뷸탐훆뛈쒣럂ꎬ훰늽룄룯뫍볌돐랢햹ꎬ헢솽헟횮볤폐듦퓚ퟅ훘듳닮틬ꆣ뛭싞쮹뗄훆뛈쒣럂냑쮽폐뮯뚨캪쒿뇪ꎬ틔컷랽뗄볛횵맛ꆢ짧믡훆뛈캪룄룯쓚죝ꎬ뎹뗗럱뚨쇋짧믡훷틥뗄믹놾훆뛈ꎬ틲 3
뛸퓚룄룯랽쪽짏뇘좻쫇벤뷸뗄ꎻ훐맺뗄룄룯틔릤튵뮯뫍짧믡훷틥뗄믹놾훆뛈캪믹뒡뗄ꎬ쒣럂뫍뷨본컷랽돉쫬폐킧뗄쫐뎡뺭볃쳥훆ꎬ틲뛸퓚룄룯랽쪽짏뇘좻잿뗷솬탸탔ꆢ컈뚨탔ꎬ퓚볡돖짧믡훷틥믹놾훆뛈늻뇤뗄잰쳡쿂ꎬ퓚컈뚨폫랢햹훐훰늽쪵쿖뺭볃맬ꆣ벤뷸뗄룄룯퓬돉쇋뺭볃훈탲뗄컉싒뫍뺭볃돖탸쮥췋ꎬ뛸뛭싞쮹뷼벸쓪뺭볃뗄뫃ꎬ헽쫇엗웺벤뷸쪽룄룯쮼슷뗄뷡맻ꆣ헽죧웕뺩퓚쳡떽횴헾뗄ퟜ쳥쮼슷쪱쯹퇔ꎺ볈늻뛔잰쯕솪70쓪뗄돉뻍좫엌럱뚨ꎬ튲늻뛔튶샻쟕쪱듺뗄룄룯좫쏦뿏뚨ꎬ튪닉좡ꆰ붥뷸뗄ꆢ훰늽뗄뫍짳짷뗄랽램ꆱ뷸탐룄룯ꎬ튲뻍쫇ퟟ쯹캽뗄뻟폐뛭싞쮹쳘즫뗄뗚죽쳵뗀슷ꆣ훁폚뺭볃룄룯뗄쒿뇪쒣쪽ꎬ웕뺩죏캪ꎺꆰ90쓪듺뗄뺭퇩탛뇧뗘횤쏷ꎬ헕냡뇰맺뿎놾짏돩쿳뗄쒣쪽뫍릫쪽ꎬ틔벰믺킵헕뎭뇰맺뗄뺭퇩쫇늻뿉좡뗄ꆱꎬ쯻훷헅ꆰ퓚뺭볃뫍짧믡쇬폲붨솢췪헻뗄맺볒뗷헻쳥쾵ꆱꆣ뛔폚벤뷸룄룯ꎬ웕뺩퓲움볛쮵ꎺꆰ뛭싞쮹퓚헾훎뚯떴뫍벤뷸룄룯훐틑뷮욣솦뺡ꆱꎬ틲듋ꎬꆰ쎿룶맺볒ꎬ냼삨뛭싞쮹ꎬ뚼뇘탫톰헒ퟔ벺뗄룄룯뗀슷ꆣ뛭싞쮹횻쫇ퟮ뷼튻솽쓪닅뾪쪼쏾쯷ퟔ벺뗄룄룯뗀슷뫍톰헒ퟔ벺뗄룄룯쒣쪽ꆣ4횻폐붫쫐뎡뺭볃뫍쏱훷풭퓲폫쪵볊폐믺뷡뫏웰살ꎬ닅믡폐맢쏷뗄캴살ꆱꆣ 뛾ꆢ샭싛움볛 헢뎡싛햽쯤좻짦벰쏦늻맣ꎬ튲폐듽짮죫ꎬ떫맛뗣쿊쏷ꆢ헫뛔탔잿ꎬ짦벰벼쫵쒣럂폫훆뛈쒣럂뗄탭뛠훘듳샭싛뫍쪵볹컊쳢ꆣ탨튪쮵쏷뗄쫇ꎬ쒣럂폫떥뒿뗄뢴훆늻춬ꎬꆰ뢴훆ꆱ뷏캪볲떥뗍벶ꎬ쯼쫇풭퇹늻뚯뗘헕냡헕뎭ꎬꆰ쒣럂ꆱ퓲훷튪횸뗄쫇튻룶톧쾰맽돌ꎬ춨맽톧쾰뛸믱뗃쒣럂뛔쿳뗄쳘훊ꆣ쒣럂늢늻튻뚨좫엌헕뎭ꎬ뿉틔컼좡웤튻늿럖캪벺쯹폃ꆣ듓헢룶틢틥짏붲ꎬ벼쫵쒣럂폫훆뛈쒣럂뚼늻쫇볲떥뗄뢴훆맽돌ꎬ뛸쫇튻룶폐톡퓱뗄톧쾰맽돌ꆣ죧춬벼쫵틽뷸ꆢ벼쫵쒣럂듦퓚ꆰ쫊폃벼쫵ꆱ컊쳢튻퇹ꎬ훆뛈틽뷸ꆢ훆뛈쒣럂튲듦퓚튻룶ꆰ쫊틋훆뛈ꆱ뗄컊쳢ꆣ떫쫊폃벼쫵ꆢ쫊틋훆뛈횻쫇퓚쒣럂잰쳡쿂뛔쒣럂뛔쿳뗄톡퓱컊쳢ꎬ뛸늻쫇뛔쒣럂놾짭뗄럱뚨ꆣ 뻟쳥뛸퇔ꎬ헢뎡싛헹짦벰틔쿂벸룶훘튪뗄샭싛컊쳢ꎺ 1ꆢ훆뛈쒣럂폫벼쫵쒣럂뗄맘쾵 퇮킡뾭잿뗷쇋훆뛈쒣럂뛔뫳랢맺뗄훘튪탔ꎬ엺움쇋횻훘쫓벼쫵쒣럂뛸뫶쫓짵훁럱뚨훆뛈쒣럂뗄욬쏦맛뗣ꎬ듓뛸쪹뫳랢폅쫆뗄쓚몭룼볓좫쏦ꆢ췪헻ꆣ쇖틣럲퓚싛헹훐뛔뫳랢폅쫆뗄닻쫶쫇욬쏦뗄ꎬ믘뇜쇋훆뛈뫳랢폅쫆뗄듦퓚뫍훆뛈쒣럂퓚뫳랢맺뺭볃ힷ룏훐뗄훘듳짵훁쫇뻶뚨탔뗄ퟷ폃헢룶컊쳢ꆣ쇖틣럲죏캪ퟷ캪뫳랢폅쫆훷튪쓚죝뫍탎쪽뗄벼쫵쒣럂ꎬ쫇뫳랢맺뫳살뻓짏뗄훷튪틀뻝ꎬ뫳랢맺춨맽벼쫵쒣럂ꎬ듙뷸짺닺튪쯘뗄믽샛ꎨ쳘뇰쫇놾믽샛ꎩ뫍닺튵뷡릹뗄짽벶ꎬퟮ훕듯돉뺭볃랢햹ꎬ쯦ퟅ뺭볃뗄랢햹ꎬ짏닣붨훾뇘좻쯦ퟅ뺭볃믹뒡뗄뇤뚯뛸랢햹ꆣ퓚헢샯ꎬ벼쫵쒣럂ꆢ뺭볃랢햹ꆢ훆뛈뇤잨쫇튻룶튻풪쿟탔뗄뻶뚨맽돌ꎬ웤뫳랢폅쫆횻쫇벼쫵닣쏦뗄폅쫆뫍잱솦짏뗄폅쫆ꎬ훁폚헢훖잱솦쓜럱뗃떽랢믓ꎬ벼쫵닣쏦뗄폅쫆쓜럱헦헽뮯캪뺭볃랢햹뗄폅쫆ꎬ퓲캴폨틔쮵쏷뫍싛횤ꆣ틲듋ꎬ헢훖맛뗣뫶싔쇋훆뛈낲업뛔뺭볃랢햹뗄펰쿬ꎬ뛸ꆰ뫳랢쇓쫆ꆱ쮵헽뫃듓훆뛈뗄닣쏦ퟅ퇛ꎬ횸돶뛔폚뺭볃랢햹살쮵ꎬ훆뛈늻쫇뗈폅뗄ꎬ평짺닺튪쯘ꆢ닺튵뷡릹뫍벼쫵뒴탂릹돉뗄헢룶ꆰ뺭볃믹뒡ꆱ튲늻쫇뻶뚨훆뛈낲업뗄캨튻풭틲ꆣ뫳랢맺볒뷏횮쿈뷸맺볒ꎬ솽헟횮볤뗄닮뻠늻뷶뇭쿖퓚벼쫵닣쏦ꎬ튲뿉쓜듦퓚폚훆뛈닣쏦ꆣ죧맻늻뷢뻶훆뛈짏뗄실뫳ꎬ튻캶틀삵벼쫵짏뗄쒣럂ꎬ퓲쯹캽뗄ꆰ뫳랢폅쫆ꆱ붫뿉쓜컞듓랢믓ꆣ쫂쪵짏ꎬꆰ뫳랢폅쫆ꆱ뫍ꆰ뫳랢쇓쫆ꆱ춬쪱듦퓚ꎬꆰ뫳랢쇓쫆ꆱ룅쓮쫇뛔ꆰ뫳랢폅쫆ꆱ샭싛뗄훘튪늹돤ꎬ캪평짺닺튪쯘ꆢ닺튵뷡릹뫍벼쫵뒴탂쯹릹돉뗄쒣탍퓶볓쇋훆뛈낲업헢튻훘튪풼쫸쳵볾ꎬ쪹웤룼뷓뷼폚헦쪵쫀뷧ꆣ뫏샭뗄훆뛈낲업ꎬ쫇벼쫵닣쏦뗄잱솦뮯캪쿖쪵랢햹뗄잰쳡쳵볾ꆣ튲뻍쫇쮵ꎬ퓚싟벭짏ꎬ뿋럾ꆰ뫳랢쇓쫆ꆱ쫇ꆰ뫳랢폅쫆ꆱ뗃틔랢믓뗄잰쳡ꆣ 훆뛈쒣럂폫벼쫵쒣럂횮볤듦퓚ퟅ룟뛈맘솪탔ꆣ벼쫵쫇뺭볃퓶뎤뗄훘튪쓚퓚틲쯘ꎬ떫늻쫇캨튻틲쯘ꆣ퓚쎻폐랢짺벼쫵뇤뮯뗄쟩뿶쿂ꎬ춨맽훆뛈뒴탂틠쓜쳡룟짺닺싊뫍쪵쿖뺭볃퓶뎤ꆣ뻟쳥떽쒳튻쳘뚨맺볒뫍쳘뚨뗄샺쪷쪱웚ꎬ벼쫵뫍훆뛈퓚듙뷸뺭볃퓶뎤훐뗄ퟷ폃랽쏦좴듦퓚ퟅ쒳킩닮틬ꎬ폐쪱뇭쿖캪벼쫵틲쯘룼캪훘튪ꎬ폐쪱뇭쿖캪훆뛈틲쯘룼캪훘튪ꎬ떫ퟜ쳥뛸퇔ꎬ늻쓜붫벼쫵폫훆뛈럖룮뾪살ꎬ벼쫵폫훆뛈쫇쿠뮥맘솪뗄ꆢ쿠뮥ퟷ폃짵훁쫇쿠뮥뻶뚨뗄ꎬ떥뒿뗄 4
벼쫵뻶뚨싛ꆢ훆뛈뻶뚨싛믲벼쫵훆뛈쿈뫳랢햹싛뚼쫇폐욫웄뗄ꆣ뛔뫳랢맺뛸퇔ꎬ헢훖맘쾵쏷쿔뇭쿖캪붨솢룟킧싊뗄훆뛈쫇벼쫵돤럖랢믓ퟷ폃뷸뛸쪵쿖뺭볃ힷ룏뗄훘튪잰쳡ꆣ훆뛈폫벼쫵횮볤뗄맘솪탔ꎬ뻶뚨쇋뫳랢맺볒늻뿉쓜횻뷸탐떥뒿벼쫵쒣럂뛸췑샫믲럅웺훆뛈쒣럂ꆣ 2ꆢ훆뛈쒣럂뗄맘솪탔컊쳢 퇮킡뾭뗈죋죏쪶떽ꎬ퓚훆뛈쒣럂훐ꎬ믹뒡탔훆뛈뛔웤쯼훆뛈낲업틔벰벼쫵쒣럂뻟폐훘튪ퟷ폃ꎬ죏캪훆뛈쫇맘솪뗄ꎬ퓚믹놾훆뛈캴룄룯횮잰ꎬ웤쯼훆뛈뗄틽뷸뫍쒣럂붫쫜떽훆풼ꎬ놻틽뷸뗄훆뛈튲믡닺짺뇤틬ꎬ늻쓜듯떽펦폐뗄킧싊ꆣ쳘뇰쫇쿜램훈탲뛔훆뛈낲업뻟폐뻶뚨탔ퟷ폃ꎬ쯼캪튻맺뗄뻟쳥뺭볃훆뛈맦뚨쇋ퟜ쳥탔훊뫍뿉쓜뗄랢햹뿕볤ꎬ뻶뚨쇋훆뛈뇤잨뿉쓜뗄톡퓱뿕볤ꆣ훆뛈맘솪탔틔벰평듋닺짺뗄룄룯뮥늹탔ꎬ쫇벤뷸룄룯톹떹튻쟐뗄싛뻝ꎬ헢훖랽쪽튪쟳춬쪱좫쏦틽뷸쯹폐룄룯늢쟒쫗쿈뷸탐쿜헾룄룯ꆣ 떫훆뛈뗄맘솪탔늢늻틢캶ퟅ뇘탫쫗쿈쒣럂믹놾훆뛈ꎬ튲늻쓜췆돶훆뛈뇘탫좫엌쒣럂뗄뇘좻뷡싛ꆣ훆뛈볤뗄맘솪탔뫍훆뛈쒣럂뗄헻쳥탔ꎬ늢늻튪쟳훆뛈쒣럂튻듎췪돉ꎬ쯼퓊탭늢돐죏훆뛈쒣럂뇘탫폐쿈폐뫳ꆣ쯼잿뗷뗄쫇ꎬ평좱짙맘솪탔뗄훆뛈ꎨ죧탂뻉훆뛈믬퓓ꎩퟩ돉뗄훆뛈벯뫏ꎨ퇏룱틢틥짏늻쓜돆ퟷ쳥쾵믲뷡릹ꎩ쫇뗍킧싊뗄ꎬ웤킧싊짵훁폐뿉쓜뗍폚뻉폐뗄뗍킧싊뗄훆뛈쳥쾵ꎬ헢훖좱짙맘솪탔뗄훆뛈벯뫏횻뿉ퟷ캪훆뛈쿈뫳쒣럂뗄맽뛉뷗뛎뛸늻쓜ퟷ캪쒿뇪듦퓚ꆣ춬쪱ꎬ훆뛈뇤잨뮹쫜룷훖룷퇹틲쯘뗄훆ꆣ뻍헽쪽훆뛈뛸퇔ꎬ튪쿫춬쪱췆뚯쯹폐헽쪽훆뛈뗄뇤잨ꎬ뇤잨훷쳥뇘탫퓚뛌웚쓚횧뢶쓑틔돐쫜뗄뻞듳뇤잨돉놾ꎻ뻍럇헽쪽훆뛈뛸퇔ꎬ웤뇤잨탨튪뮨럑뷏뎤뗄쪱볤ꎬ헢뻍뻶뚨쇋헻쳥튻듎탔뗄훆뛈뇤잨튻냣뛸퇔쓑틔퓚뛌웚쓚쪵쿖ꎬ쳘뇰쫇퓚쳵볾짐늻뻟놸뗄뇤잨웰쪼뷗뛎ꆣ뫳랢맺훆뛈쒣럂뗄쓦쿲톡퓱탔뻟폐쿖쪵뗄뫏샭탔ꎬ튲럻뫏쒣럂뗄튻냣맦싉ꎨ벼쫵쒣럂틠죧듋ꎩꎬ뫳랢맺늻쫇퇘ퟅ랢듯맺볒ퟟ맽뗄훆뛈뇤잨뗀슷틠늽틠쟷뛸쫇뛀뇙뺶ꆣ헢놾짭뻍쫇뫳랢폅쫆뗄뇭쿖ꆣ 3ꆢ훆뛈췢짺폫훆뛈쓚짺컊쳢 쇖틣럲랴늵ꆰ쿜헾맬싛ꆱ뗄훷튪틀뻝퓚폚훆뛈뗄쓚짺탔뫍훆뛈뇤잨뗄뎤웚탔ꎬퟮ폅뗄훆뛈쓚짺뻶뚨폚튻룶뺭볃떱훐뗄뫜뛠틲쯘ꎬ평폚룷룶뺭볃쳥쓚늿탭뛠틲쯘뗄늻춬ꎬ틲듋ꎬ늢쎻폐튻룶ꆰ럅횮쯄몣뛸뷔ힼꆱ뗄ퟮ폅훆뛈ꎬ헢컞틉쫇헽좷뗄ꆣ떫붫솽헟뻸뛔뮯ꎬ틲캪훆뛈뇤잨쫜튻맺뫜뛠틲쯘뗄훆풼뛸럱뚨뫳랢맺훆뛈쒣럂뗄훘튪탔ꎬ틲캪훆뛈뇤잨뗄뎤웚탔뛸럱뚨훆뛈뇤잨쳘뇰쫇믹놾훆뛈뇤잨뗄뷴웈탔ꎬ퓲횻믡떼쿲훆뛈뇤잨뗄럢뇕훷틥뫍훆뛈퇝뷸훷틥ꎬ헢컞틉쫇듭컳뗄ꆣ쪵볊짏ꎬ훆뛈떽뗗쫇췢짺뗄뮹쫇쓚짺뗄튪쫓뻟쳥쟩뿶뛸뚨ꆣ쿖듺뮯샭싛뗄퇐5뺿뇭쏷ꎬ뻍헻쳥뛸퇔ꎬ뛔쿈랢맺평폚쎻폐뺭퇩뫍쿈샽뿉톭ꎬ웤훆뛈뇤잨랽쪽틔훆뛈뒴탂캪훷ꎬ뛠캪쓚짺뗄ꎬ뛸뛔뫳랢맺퓲뿉틔뷡뫏ퟔ짭쪵볊ꎬ듳솿뷨본쿈랢맺춨맽컞쫽쟺헛짵훁햽헹뮻살뗄훆뛈뇤잨뗄폐틦뺭퇩ꎬ웤훆뛈뇤잨뛠캪췢짺뗄ꆣ떫뫳랢맺훆뛈뗄췢짺탔ꎬ늢늻쫇튪ꆰ좫엌컷뮯ꆱꎬ늢늻업돢뇘튪뗄훆뛈뒴탂ꎬ훆뛈쒣럂뇘탫폫ퟔ짭뗄쪵볊쿠뷡뫏ꎬ폫럇헽쪽훆뛈뗄뇤잨쿠엤뫏ꎬ폫믹놾헾훎훆뛈쿠웵뫏ꆣ죸뿋쮹ꆢ퇮킡뾭뗈죋쯹돖뗄ꆰ훆뛈쟷춬싛ꆱꎬ죏캪맬쫇뫳짧믡훷틥맺볒뗄훆뛈폫좫쟲놾훷틥훆뛈쟷춬뗄맽돌ꆢ뛸늻쫇뒴퓬튻룶놾훊짏늻춬폚놾훷틥뗄훆뛈뒴탂맽돌ꎬ퓲쫇ꆰ좫엌컷뮯싛ꆱ뗄랭냦ꆣ 훆뛈쒣럂쫇튻훖뫏램뗄ꆰ듮뇣뎵ꆱ탐캪ꆣ듮뇣뎵탐캪퓚튻룶럢뇕쟸폲횮쓚쫇ퟨ낭훆뛈뒴탂틔벰떼훂훆뛈릩룸늻ퟣ뗄훘튪틲쯘ꎬ떫뛔폚맺폫맺횮볤뗄뷨본ꆢ쒣럂ꆢ틆횲뛸퇔ꎬ듮뇣뎵탐캪퓲뻟폐쏷쿔뗄헽킧펦ꎬ볈늻믡ퟨ낭쿈랢맺뗄훆뛈뒴탂ꎬ폖돉캪뫳랢맺훆뛈뇤잨뗄잿듳뚯솦ꆣ폫벼쫵쒣럂헢훖듮뇣뎵탐캪늻춬뗄쫇ꎬ싊쿈뒴탂헟늢늻튻룅랴뛔헢훖샻틦췢늿뮯뗄틆횲ꎬ짵훁폐뿉쓜룸폨튻뚨뗄횧돖살맄샸훆뛈뗄틆횲ꎬ틔쒱쟳훆뛈뗄맦쒣킧펦ꎬ복짙좫쟲뮯맽돌훐뗄훆뛈탔쒥닁폫쒥닁돉놾ꆣ훆뛈뻟폐럇업쯻탔뫍럇뺺헹탔ꎬ쫴폚릫릲닺욷ꎬ떫폖쫇튻훖쳘쫢뗄릫릲닺욷ꎬ웤쳘쫢탔뻍퓚쯼뗄삩햹킧펦뫍톧쾰킧펦ꆣ삩햹킧펦쫇횸떱듳뛠쫽죋죏춬늢쒣럂튻훖탂훆뛈쪱ꎬ룶뇰죋뗄뗖뾹튪뢶돶뫜듳뗄돉놾ꆣ톧쾰킧펦튲뻍쫇ꆰ룉훐톧ꆱ뫍ꆰ폃훐톧ꆱꎬ쯼듸살뗄쫇훆뛈돉놾뗄붵뗍ꎬ웤훆뛈틧돶킧펦쫇쏷쿔뗄ꆣ 5
4ꆢ훆뛈쒣럂뗄벤뷸랽쪽폫붥뷸랽쪽컊쳢 죸뿋쮹ꆢ퇮킡뾭뗈죋컞쫓짵훁럱뚨벤뷸룄룯퓚뛭싞쮹뗄쪧냜ꎬ붫뛭싞쮹뗄쪧냜맩뷡캪쎻폐붫ꆰ택뿋쇆램ꆱ맡뎹떽뗗ꎬ퓰죎퓚웤횴탐맽돌훐헾닟폫듫쪩잷병ꎬ듓뛸쿝죫훷맛훷틥뫍훆뛈뻶뚨싛ꆣ쇖틣럲죏캪훆뛈늻뿉쓜룴특붨돉ꎬ훆뛈뇤잨쫇튻룶쫜뛠훖틲쯘훆풼뗄뎤웚맽돌ꎬ헢컞틉쫇헽좷뗄ꆣ떫벤뷸폫붥뷸뇏뺹횻쫇룶랽쪽컊쳢ꎬ놾짭늢늻뻟폐쒿뗄탔틢틥ꆣ뻍뻟쳥뗄훆뛈쒣럂뛸퇔ꎬ닉좡쓄훖쒣럂랽쪽튪쫓쳵볾뛸뚨ꎬ튻떩쳵볾돉쫬ꎬ닉좡뿬쯙뗄훆뛈쒣럂튲쫇뿉쓜뗄ꆣ쳘뇰쫇퓚좫쟲뮯뗄뾪럅쳵볾쿂ꎬ훆뛈뗄뇤잨늻퓙쫇튻룶뮺싽뗄ꆢퟔ랢뗄퇝뷸맽돌ꎬ볓죫WTO뗈잿훆탔훆뛈쒣럂맽돌ꎬ튲뻍쫇튻룶훆뛈쒣럂뗄벤뷸폫붥뷸뗄붻횯맽돌ꎬ폐톧헟짵6훁쳡돶ꎬ죫쫀뻍틢캶ퟅ훐맺붥뷸쪽룄룯뗄훕뷡ꆣ 퓚훐맺ꎬ붥뷸쪽룄룯쫇폫ꆰ쏾ퟅ쪯춷맽뫓ꆱ쿠솪쾵뗄ꆣ쯤좻퓚룄룯뾪럅뗄돵웚ꎬ헢훖햽싔쮼쿫웰떽쇋늻뿉쳦듺뗄훘튪ퟷ폃ꎬ떫룄룯뾪럅랢햹떽뷱쳬ꎬ펦룃뛔ꆰ쏾ퟅ쪯춷맽뫓ꆱ폐탂뗄죏쪶ꆣꆰ쏾ퟅ쪯춷맽뫓ꆱ돤웤솿쫇퓚룄룯돵웚ꎬ룄룯뗄쇬떼죋뫍튻냣닎폫헟웕뇩좱랦쿖듺뺭볃톧횪쪶뗄쟩뿶쿂뗄튻훖늻뗃틑뗄톡퓱ꆣ떱쓪쳡돶ꆰ쏾ퟅ쪯춷맽뫓ꆱ뗄쮵램ꎬ뗄좷쳥쿖쇋룄룯돵웚룄룯헟폂폚첽쯷뗄뺫짱ꎬ퓚럢뇕뗄ힴ첬쿂뫍틢쪶탎첬뗄풼쫸쿂ꎬ횻횪뗀볆뮮뺭볃뗄샏슷늻쓜ퟟ쿂좥쇋ꎬ떫펦룃퓵퇹룄룯ꆢ췹쓄룶랽쿲룄룯ꎬ듓짏떽쿂뮹탄훐컞쫽ꎬ횻쓜뇟쏾쯷뇟룄룯ꎬퟟ뗄쫇폫랢듯맺볒훆뛈뇤잨쿠샠쯆뗄훆뛈싊쿈뒴탂뗄슷ퟓꆣ뗀슷쫇쟺헛뗄ꎬ듺볛쫇룟낺뗄ꎬ헢퓚룄룯돵웚뻟폐뇘좻탔ꆣ룄룯돵웚ꆰ쏾ퟅ쪯춷맽뫓ꆱ뗄뫏샭탔ꎬ늢늻틢캶ퟅ쿖뷗뛎벰뷱뫳볌탸뻟폐뫏샭탔ꆣ쿖듺쫐뎡훆뛈쫇튻훖뺭맽벸냙쓪뗄퇝뇤탎돉뗄뻞듳뛸뢴퓓뗄쾵춳ꎬ튪춨맽룄룯탐뚯퓚뫜뛌뗄샺쪷쪱웚쓚냑헢튻쾵춳듓컞떽폐뗘붨솢웰살ꎬ쎻폐뛔랴펳헢튻쾵춳퓋뚯맦싉뗄쿖듺뺭볃뿆톧뗄짮쟐냑컕ꎬ쎻폐룄룯탐뚯뗄ퟔ뻵탔ꎬ헢튻볨뻞뗄샺쪷죎컱쫇늻뿉쓜쮳샻췪돉뗄ꆣ훐맺뗄룄룯틑뺭뷸탐쇋20뛠쓪ꎬ짵훁틑뺭뷓뷼폚쿈잰쪵탐볆뮮뺭볃뗄쪱볤뎤뛈ꆣ쿖퓚랽쿲틑쏷ꆢ쒿뇪틑뚨ꎬ쎻폐뇘튪ꎬ튲늻펦룃퓙ퟟ떥뒿뗄ꆰ쏾ퟅ쪯춷맽뫓ꆱ횮슷ꎬ럱퓲뻍믡뢴훆돶탂뗄ꆰ슷뺶틀삵ꆱꆣ 펦룃쮵ꎬ훐맺뗄룄룯뾪럅맽돌튲쫇뫳랢폅쫆뗄랢믓맽돌ꎬ볈냼삨벼쫵뫳랢폅쫆뗄랢믓ꎬ튲냼삨훆뛈뫳랢폅쫆뗄랢믓ꎬ뮹냼삨놾ꆢ샍뚯ꆢ뺭볃뷡릹쓋훁뺫짱랽쏦뫳랢폅쫆뗄랢믓ꆣ퓚헢룶맽돌훐ꎬ쳘뇰쫇훐맺좷뚨붨솢쫐뎡뺭볃쳥훆틔살ꎬ훆뛈쒣럂랢믓쇋믹뒡탔뗄훘듳ퟷ폃ꆣ헢볈뇭쿖퓚쒿뗄짏ꎬ죧횱뷓좷솢쫐뎡뺭볃쳥훆쒿뇪ꎬ붨솢쿖듺웳튵훆뛈ꎻ폖뇭쿖퓚믺훆짏ꎬ죧탎돉쫐뎡붻틗맦퓲뫍쫐뎡볛룱믺훆ꎬ뮹뇭쿖퓚쫖뛎짏ꎬ죧퓋폃닆헾헾닟뫍믵뇒헾닟뗈컷랽뎣폃뗄뗷뷚쫖뛎뷸탐뫪맛뗷뿘ꆣ춬쪱훆뛈쒣럂뮹쳥쿖퓚럇헽쪽훆뛈랽쏦ꎬ죧퓚틢쪶탎첬쇬폲ꎬ죋쏇뗄킧싊틢쪶ꆢ뺺헹틢쪶ꆢ릫욽틢쪶ꎬ틔벰쏱훷뫍램훎틢쪶뚼뗃틔듳듳쳡룟ꆣ뿉틔쮵ꎬ쎻폐훆뛈쒣럂ꎬ늻뷨본랢듯맺볒쿈뷸뗄훆뛈ꎬ훐맺뗄룄룯뾪럅뻍늻뿉쓜좡뗃뷱쳬헢퇹뗄돉뻍ꆣꆰ훐맺쳘즫ꆱ훷튪쳥쿖퓚붫랢듯맺볒뗄쿈뷸훆뛈폫훐맺맺쟩뷡뫏웰살ꎬ뛸늻쫇쇭웰슯퓮ꆣ ퟜ횮ꎬ컒쏇죏캪ꎬ평폚뫳랢폅쫆뗄듦퓚ꎬ랢햹훐맺볒늻믡ꆢ튲쎻폐뇘튪내헕춳튻뗄쒣쪽훘ퟟ랢듯맺볒ퟟ맽뗄샏슷ꎬ룷룶랢햹훐맺볒펦룃룹뻝ퟔ벺뗄쟩뿶톡퓱늻춬뗄랢햹뗀슷ꎬ헢폫쿖듺뮯샭싛훐뗄ꆰ컷랽훐탄훷틥싛ꆱ쫇늻춬뗄ꎻ춬퇹ꎬ평폚뫳랢폅쫆뗄듦퓚ꎬ랢햹훐맺볒뇘탫돤럖뷨본랢듯맺볒뗄돉릦뺭퇩ꎬ뷸탐벼쫵뗄쒣럂뒴탂ꆢ훆뛈뗄뷨본룄퓬ꆢ뷡릹뗄폅뮯짽벶ꎬ틔죋횮뎤ꆢ늹틑횮뛌ꎬ뫳랢훆죋ꎬ헢폫틀뢽싛뗈놯맛쮼쿫쫇늻춬뗄ꎻ쳘뇰쫇퓚좫쟲뮯뗄탂탎쫆쿂ꎬ뫳랢폅쫆뗄뇭쿖룼볓춻돶ꎬ펰쿬룼볓쏷쿔ꎬ랢햹훐맺볒뇘탫힡헢튻샺쪷탔믺폶ꎬ뮯쿻벫틲쯘캪믽벫틲쯘ꎬ쳡룟닎폫좫쟲뮯뗄쓜솦뫍쮮욽ꎬ돤럖샻폃뫳랢폅쫆룼뿬룼뫃뗘랢햹ퟔ벺ꎬ헢폫떱잰쒳킩랴좫쟲뮯쮼뎱폖쫇틬뗄ꆣ쫂쪵횤쏷ꎬ풽쫇뾪럅뗄뺭볃쾵춳ꎬ뻍풽폐뿉쓜춨맽폫웤쯻뺭볃쾵춳뗄붻쇷믱좡탂뗄폐킧훆뛈낲업뗄횪쪶ꎬ듓뛸삩듳뿉릩웤톡퓱뗄훆뛈벯뫏ꆣ죫쫀쪹컒맺뗄뺭볃폫맺볊뺭볃솪쾵룼캪뷴쏜ꎬ쫜맺볊춨탐맟샽훆풼룼캪쏷쿔ꎬ헢킩맟샽믹놾랴펳쇋쫐뎡뺭볃뗄튪쟳ꎬ볈쫇컒맺뺭볃랢햹뗄췢퓚톹솦ꎬ튲쫇뺭볃룄룯뗄잿듳뚯솦ꆣ퓚뾪럅뺭볃쳵볾쿂ꎬ훆뛈뗄톧쾰뫍뷨본쫇좫랽캻뗄ꆢ듳맦쒣뗄ꎬ쫇좫쏦뛸짮뿌뗄ꆣ훐맺펦룃 6
뇤룄룯뗄뚯솦믺훆ꎬ뇤죫쫀뗄췢퓚톹솦캪룄룯뗄쓚퓚뚯솦ꎬ듙뷸룄룯뗄좫쏦짮뮯ꆣ 닎뾼컄쿗 [1]뫠춢뛙뗈ꆣ쿖듺뮯ꎺ샭싛폫샺쪷뺭퇩뗄퓙첽쯷[M]. 짏몣ꎺ짏몣틫컄돶냦짧,1993. [2]쪩엠릫. 뫳랢폅쫆ꎺ쒣럂뒴탂뗄샭싛폫쪵횤퇐뺿[M]. 놱뺩ꎺ쟥뮪듳톧돶냦짧ꎬ1999. [3]쇖틣럲, 닌죕랽, 샮훜. 훐맺뗄웦벣ꎺ랢햹햽싔폫뺭볃룄룯[M]. 짏몣ꎺ짏몣죽솪쫩뗪,짏몣죋쏱돶냦짧,1994. [4]맹컵놣 뫺몺닽. 뫳랢폅쫆퇐뺿쫶움[J]. 즽뚫짧믡뿆톧,2002(3). [5]뫺몺닽 맹컵놣. 뫳랢쇓쫆퇐뺿쫶움[J]. 뫾놱듳톧톧놨,2002(6). [6]뫺몺닽 맹컵놣. 뫳랢폅쫆햽싔폫뇈뷏폅쫆햽싔[J]. 붭몺싛첳,2002(10). [7]Alexander Gerschenkron. Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective[M]. Cambridge,Mass: Harvard University Press,1962. [8]M. Abramvoitz. Thinking about Growth[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1989. [9]Jang-Sup Shin. The Economics of The Latecomers: Catching-up, Technology Transfer and Institutions in Germany, Japan and South Korea[M]. Routledge, 1996. Technological Inmitation or Institutional Imitation ---- Comments on the Debates between Xiaokai Yang and Justin Yifu Lin on the Advantages and Disadvantages of Late—Development Xibao Guo Hanchang Hu Abstract: The controversy of Xiaokai Yang and Justin Yifu Lin on late-development advantages and disadvantages is indeed one about whether latecomers should make technological imitations or institutional imitations. This paper summarizes and comments on their main points. Our views on it are that technological and institutional imitations are not possible to be isolated and separated and it is wrong and harmful to emphasize one-sidedly on any of both imitations, but the stresses that are put on them are different in the vary periods of development of latecomers. Keywords: technological imitation, institutional imitation, late-development advantages, late-development disadvantages. 1 닎볻: ꋙJeffrey Sachs, Wing Thye Woo and Xiaokai Yang, “Economic Reforms and Constitutional Transition,” Annals of Economics and Finance, Vol. 1, No. 2 (Nov. 2000), pp. 435-491ꎬ좫컄볻 ꋚ퇮킡뾭ꎬꆰ뫳랢쇓쫆ꎬ릲뫍폫ퟔ평ꆱꎬ놱뺩쳬퓲뺭볃퇐뺿쯹쮫훜뺭볃톧퇐쳖믡ꎬ2001쓪12퓂1죕ꆣ좫컄뿉볻 2 닎볻 쇖틣럲ꎬꆰ뫳랢폅쫆폫뫳랢쇓쫆ꆪꆪ폫퇮킡뾭뷌쫚짌좶ꆱ , 놱뺩듳톧펢뷜붻쇷훐탄ꎬ2002쓪6퓂12죕ꆣ좫컄뿉듓 3 쟺헱쳎ꆢ쇵컄룯ꎺꆶꆰ쿜헾맬싛ꆱ움컶ꆷꎬꆶ뺭볃퇐뺿ꆷ2002쓪뗚7웚ꆣ 4 웕뺩ꎺꆶ잧쓪횮붻뗄뛭싞쮹ꆷꎬ뛭ꆶ뛀솢놨ꆷ1999쓪12퓂30죕ꆣ 5 닎볻싞죙쟾ꎺꆶ쿖듺뮯탂싛ꆷꎬ놱뺩듳톧돶냦짧ꎬ1993ꆣ 6 슬쿖쿩ꎺꆶ볓죫WTO뫳컒맺훆뛈뇤잨뗄탂쟷쫆ꆷꎬꆶ떱듺닆뺭ꆷꎬ2002쓪뗚10웚ꆣ 7
