2009쓪6퓂뗚11뻭뗚3웚ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡJournalofSouthwestUniversityofPoliticalScience&LawꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡJune.,ꆡ헹쏹폫믘펦ꆡ컄헂뇠뫅:1001-2397(2009)03-0065-13쏀맺샍뚯램짏맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄릫릲헾닟샽췢:탎돉ꆢ쪵볹폫랴쮼뫺솢럥(쿃쏅듳톧램톧풺,뢣붨쿃쏅361005)햪ꆡ튪:릫릲헾닟샽췢쫇쏀맺룷훝램풺쮾램쪵컱훐탎돉뗄웕춨램샽췢,쯼릹돉쇋뛔쏀맺뒫춳샍뚯램짏맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄쿞훆ꆣ룃샽췢뗄쫊폃,캪쓇킩틲뻜뻸듓쫂캥랴릫릲헾닟탐캪뛸퓢뷢맍뗄풱릤쳡릩쇋쟖좨램짏뗄쯟틲ꆣ평폚램풺퓚쫊폃룃샽췢쪱뛔릫릲헾닟뗄몭틥뫍램풴듦퓚늻춬죏쪶,틲뛸떼훂쮾램에뻶뗄늻춳튻,뛔좫쏦놣뮤샍뚯헟좨틦퓬돉늻샻펰쿬ꆣ캪쇋룄뇤헢훖ힴ뿶,펦떱춨맽뛔램싉뗄쏷컄맦뚨첽쟳릫릲헾닟뗄램풴,늢퓚듋믹뒡짏삩듳릫릲헾닟샽췢퓚늻떱뷢맍낸볾훐뗄쫊폃ꆣ맘볼듊:맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲;릫릲헾닟샽췢;늻떱뷢맍훐춼럖샠뫅:DF07ꆡꆡ컄쿗뇪쪶싫:Aꆡꆡ퓚쏀맺샺쪷짏,뒫춳맍폃맘쾵놻죏캪쫇죎틢뫍뗄퇐뺿ꆣퟔ평뗄,맺볒릫좨솦뛔듋튻냣늻뷸탐룉짦,틲듋맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲릹돉뗷헻맍폃맘쾵뗄믹놾ힼ퓲ꆣꆡꆡ튻ꆢ쏀맺뒫춳맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄쮥실뫍늻떱뷢맍1930쓪듺틔살,쯦ퟅ쏀맺샍쎬뛜뗄볢죱뮯뫍늻떱뷢맍컊쳢뗄춻쿔컊쳢뗄춻쿔,뻸뛔뗄맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲쫜떽맣랺엺움ꆣꆡꆡ(튻)뒫춳맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲벰웤쮥실쟷쫆쏀맺램풺뫍솢램믺맘퓚볬쳖룃풭퓲뇗뛋뗄믹뒡짏,ꆰ퓚쏀맺듳뛠쫽훝,맍폃ퟔ평듺뇭쇋맍훷뿉틔훰붥랢햹돶웕춨램짏뗄릫릲헾닟샽췢ꆣ릫릲헾닟퓚죎뫎쪱볤믹폚죎뫎샭평믲헟룹놾컞탨죎뫎샭평샽췢틔캬뮤짧믡샻틦캪ퟚ횼,솦춼욽뫢짧믡ꆢ맍훷뛸뷢맍풱릤뗄웕뇩풭퓲ꆣ춬퇹,죎뫎튻캻풱릤튲뿉뫍풱릤죽헟횮볤뗄샻틦,튻뚨돌뛈짏뿘훆쇋맍훷뷢틔퓚죎뫎쪱뫲믹폚죎뫎샭평믲헟룹놾컞탨죎뫎샭맍좨뗄샄폃ꆣ놾컄쓢듓놣뮤샍뚯헟좨틦뗄쫓뷇,뷡평뛸듇횰ꆣ맍폃맘쾵놻죏뚨캪쫇죎틢뗄ꆣꆱ[1]퓚쏀뫏맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄릫릲헾닟샽췢퓚쏀맺뗄뻟쳥쪵볹,뻍룃샽췢뗄탎돉뫍랢햹벰웤뛔샻틦돥춻뗄킭뗷뷸탐첽쳖,틔웚듙뷸뷢맍놣뮤훆뛈훐릫릲헾닟킧폃쫕룥죕웚:2009-02-05ퟷ헟볲뷩:뫺솢럥(1978-),쓐,뢣붨뢣훝죋,쿃쏅듳톧램톧풺쏱짌램튵늩쪿짺ꆣ65
컷쓏헾램듳톧톧놨맺,돽쇋쏉듳쓃훝ꋙ횮췢,웤폠룷훝뚼춨맽솢램좷죏놣뮤,틲듋틽랢쇋뫳헟뗄잿쇒랴뛔ꆣ쳘뇰쫇솢램믺쇋맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲ꆣ듓19쫀볍뾪쪼,쏀맺뛠쫽맍폃맘뫍램풺뾼싇떽퓚샍맘쾵훐,풱릤춨뎣룹놾컞램맘쾵벴쫜떽맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄횧엤,맍폃맘쾵ퟔ쪼뻍펵폐폫맍훷쿠욥뗐뗄첸에쓜솦뛸늻뗃늻뷓쫜맍훷놻죏캪쫇떱쫂죋ퟔ평뒴짨뗄,틲뛸떱쫂죋뿉틔죎틢쯹쳡돶뗄쳵볾뛸놻맍폃,쟷쿲폚훷헅펦뛔맍훷뗄좨뗘뇤룼쓋훁훕횹헢훖맘쾵ꆣ룹뻝쓇킩몬폐맍폃ퟔ솦볓틔쿞훆,폚쫇훰붥뾪쪼뛔늻떱뷢맍탐캪뷸탐램평췆뚨뗄뫏춬,돽럇듦퓚샽췢쟩탎,풱릤뻍뷢맍뛔싉룉풤ꆣ헢훖룉풤쫇춨맽퓚훆뚨램훐맦뚨믲헟퓚웤맍훷늢늻뻟폐램싉짏죏뚨뗄쯟틲믲쯷엢풭틲[2]ꆣ쮾램쪵컱훐랢햹맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄웕춨램샽췢살뷸틲듋,믹폚뫏춬램믲쟖좨램풭샭,뛠쫽뛔풱릤뗄뷢탐뗄ꆣ퓚퓧웚,쏀맺솢램믺맘쫗쿈춨맽솢램맦뚨쇋맍쫇늻뿉쯟뗄ꆣ맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄샽췢ꋚ,캪쮾램맽돌뷸튻늽랢햹웕맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲퓺룹폚웵풼ퟔ평샭싛ꆣꆰ웵풼ퟔ춨램샽췢뒴퓬쇋쳵볾ꆣ틔쿠맘솢램캪쿈떼,쮾램쪵평듺뇭쇋헢퇹튻훖풭퓲:쫐쏱짧믡훐뗄ퟔ평뫍욽뗈컱훰붥탎돉쇋헫뛔맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄훮뛠샽췢[5]ꆣ룶쳥펦쓜뇋듋뚩솢뇭듯쯻쏇쫜떽맺볒ퟮ뗍쿞뛈룉헢킩탞헽쫚폨풱릤믹폚뫏춬믲쟖좨샭싛뛔맍훷쳡짦뗄틢횾뫍풸췻뗄킭틩ꆣ죋쏇죏캪ퟔ훎뗄떱쫂죋웰늻떱뷢맍쯟쯏뗄좨샻;평듋,맍훷늻쫜뻐쫸뗄뷢킭짌뿉틔듯돉뮥샻뗄킭틩ꆣꆱ[3]ꆰ맍폃뫏춬뗄떱쫂죋맍좨쫜떽쇋뿘훆,뒫춳맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲돶쿖쇋쮥실뗄뿉틔톡퓱좷뚨릹돉훕횹뫏춬헽떱탔뗄맍폃쳵뿮믲벣쿳ꆣ헟웤쯻쳘뚨쟩뿶뗄쳵뿮,횻튪룃쳵뿮쫇뮥샻뗄ꆣꆱ[4](뛾)늻떱뷢맍컊쳢뗄춻쿔죧맻떱쫂죋쎻폐풼뚨헢샠쳵뿮,쓇쎴뻍췆뚨쯻쏇놾퓚퇏룱쫊폃맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄놳뺰쿂,맍훷쯹뷸살뻍늻춬틢풼뚨헢샠쳵뿮,맍폃뫏춬뿉틔퓚죎뫎쪱탐뗄죎뫎뷢맍뚼쫇뫏램뗄늢쟒틲뛸쫇헽떱뗄ꆣ퓚뫲컞탨죎뫎헽떱샭평뛸뷢돽ꆣ퓧웚,쏀맺늻듦퓚늻떱뷢맍뗄쮵램ꆣ횻쫇퓚뫳살쏀맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲듙뷸쇋ퟔ평럅죎ꆢ뺭볃룶죋훷틥맺램풺탞헽맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뻸뛔탔뗄맽돌훐,닅탎돉뫍웵풼ퟔ평샭쓮뗄쪢탐,헢킩샭쓮뚼죏캪맍훷펵폐쇋ꆰ늻떱뷢맍ꆱ뗄룅쓮,늢춨맽룷훖웕춨램짏뗄샽췢뿘훆웤웳튵뗄좨샻,풱릤튲펵폐폫웤맍훷ퟔ평킭짌뛔릹돉늻떱뷢맍뗄뻟쳥쟩탎볓틔쏷좷ꆣ뗄좨샻ꆣ맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲췆뚨맍훷뫍풱릤뚼뿉틔춨퓚쫐뎡뺭볃쳵볾쿂,뷢맍좨ퟷ캪맍훷폃릤ퟔ훷맽뗞뷡뫏춬살놣뮤쯻쏇ퟔ벺,죏캪죎뫎뛔샍맘쾵좨뗄훘튪ퟩ돉늿럖,쫇웤쪵쿖ퟔ훷뺭펪ꆢ췪짆맜샭뗄맜훆뗈폚룉풤쮫랽떱쫂죋뗄웵풼ퟔ평ꆣ뷡맻쫇,쯹늻뿉좱짙뗄,튲쫇샍뚯솦쫐뎡쪵쿖풴뫏샭엤훃죧맻맍폃뫏춬훐뛔맍폃맘쾵쎻폐풼뚨쏷좷웚쿞,맍뗄잰쳡쳵볾ꆣ떫쫇,뛔뷢맍좨늻볓쿞훆뗄틢탐훷뫍풱릤뚼뿉틔늻컊샭평뗘훕횹맍폃맘쾵ꆣ뷘훁20쫀볍,맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲퓚쏀맺튻횱쫜떽죋쏇뗄웕뇩췆돧ꆣ쯼뗄돶쿖웵뫏쇋19쫀볍쒩뗄쏀맺짧믡뗄ힴꋙ쏉듳쓃훝쫇쏀맺웹뷱캪횹캩튻쏷좷뇭쪾뻜뻸쫊폃맍폃ퟔ뿶평풭퓲,늢뛔늻떱뷢맍뷸탐ퟛ뫏탔솢램뗄훝ꆣ웤1987쓪훆뚨뗄ꆶ늻,춨맽쫚폨맍훷죎틢훕횹맍폃맘쾵뗄ퟔ평,폐샻떱뷢맍놣뮤램ꆷ(TheWrongfulDischargefromEmploymentActof폚맍훷춨맽쿷복맍폃풱릤뗄뾪횧쇩믮펦뛔짧믡뺭1987)뷻횹퓚쿂쇐쟩뿶쿂뛔풱릤뗄뷢맍:(1)좱랦ꆰ헽떱샭평ꆱ;(2)볃럧쿕돶폚뛔뻜뻸캥랴릫릲헾닟믲뻙놨캥랴릫릲헾닟탐캪뗄놨뢴;(3)캥,ퟮ훕쪵쿖폐킧엤훃ퟔ짭뗄풴,놣돖뫍쳡룟뺺헹솦뗄쒿뇪ꆣ랴맍훷쫩쏦죋쫂헾닟훐뗄쏷좷맦뚨ꆣ(닎볻::RecognizingaꆰPublicPolicyꆱEx2쯤좻맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲훁뷱죔쫇쏀맺램풺뒦샭뷢ceptiontoEmployment-At-WillforDomesticViolenceVictims[J].맍헹틩낸볾뗄믹놾맦퓲,떫쫇,쯦ퟅ쿖듺맍폃맘쾵NewYorkUniversityAnnualSurveyofAmericanLaw,2003,(59):뗄랢햹뫍뇤룯,퓚맽좥뗄쫽쪮쓪샯,쏀맺뾪쪼늻뛏129.)ꋚ1935쓪,쏀맺맺믡냤늼뗄ꆶ맺볒샍맘쾵램ꆷ(NationalIn2춨맽훆뚨램뫍쮾램맽돌뛔헢튻풭퓲뷸탐탞헽ꆣ믹dustrialRelationAct)쫇쏀맺뗚튻늿짦벰뷢맍놣뮤뗄솢램,쯼맦뚨맍폚맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄쪵쪩맽럖욫첻맍훷뗄샻틦,쎻폐풱늻틲닎볓뫏램ퟩ횯믲듓쫂닺튵탐뚯뛸놻뷢맍,붫맍훷닉폃뷢맍뗈냬램틔뷻횹풱릤볓죫죎뫎샍뚯ퟩ횯뗄탐캪뫍뛔틀램ퟷ횤믲쳡돶횸캪햼짧믡돉풱뻸뛔뇈샽뗄웕춨샍뚯헟쳡릩폐킧뗄뿘뗄풱릤폨틔뷢맍뗄탐캪쫓캪캥램탐캪ꆣ66
뫺솢럥:쏀맺샍뚯램짏맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄릫릲헾닟샽췢:탎돉ꆢ쪵볹폫랴쮼쪹,뇘좻떼훂뷢맍좨샄폃[6],룸샍뚯헟듸살쯰몦ꆣ늻뛏컼쫕릫릲헾닟풭퓲뗄쟷쫆ꆣꋚꆰ쒿잰,캪풱릤쳡늻떱뷢맍떼훂뗄쪧튵붫믡뛔놻뷢맍뗄풱릤쪮럖늻릩캥랴릫릲헾닟랽쏦쟖좨램쯟틲뗄릫릲헾닟샽췢,샻ꆣꆰ쪧튵,쳘뇰쫇퓚폫풱릤룶죋뗄쓜솦믲탐캪컞헽늻뛏뗘쟖쪴ퟅ맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲ꆣ쯤좻램풺잿뗷맍맘뗄쟩뿶쿂떼훂뗄쪧튵,뛔쯻쏇살쮵쫇튻룶퇏훘뗄폃ퟔ평풭퓲죔좻듦퓚뫍폐킧,떫뷼웚탭뛠에뻶벯훐탄샭듲믷ꆣ듓짧믡뗄뷇뛈살뾴,뎤웚듳솿뗄쪧튵붫뗘햹쿖쇋솦춼삩헅릫릲헾닟샽췢랶캧뗄첬뛈ꆣꆱ[9]룸짧믡컈뚨퓶볓돁훘뗄뢺떣,샋럑죋솦풴,쫇떼헢훖삩헅뛔맍훷죎틢뷢맍풱릤뗄믹뒡퓬돉쇋릫릲훂랸ퟯ싊짏짽뗄컂뒲,쯼훕붫쯰몦뺭볃뫍짧믡뷸늽헾닟랽쏦뗄쿞훆ꆣ헢틢캶ퟅ,ퟷ캪풭룦뗄맍풱펵폐쯹삵틔틀듦뗄헾훎컈뚨ꆣꆱ[7]헢뻍닺짺쇋퓚놣뮤맍풽살풽뛠뗄믺믡뛔쯻쏇뗄맍훷쳡웰늻떱뷢맍뗄쟖훷뫏램뷢맍좨뗄춬쪱쿞훆죎틢뷢맍뗄뇘튪탔,늢볌좨쯟쯏,늢믱뗃엣짳췅뗄횧돖ꆣ쿠펦뗘,램풺뗄헢뛸닉폃튻뚨뗄헽떱탔뇪ힼ뛔맍훷뗄뷢맍탐캪쫇럱훖솢뎡떼훂맍훷퓚뷢맍쪱룼볓뷷짷,틲캪풽살풽뛠뫏뫵헽틥ퟷ돶믹놾에뛏,틲듋돶쿖쇋퓚쪵볹훐뛔뗄샄폃맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲캥랴릫릲헾닟뗄쟩탎놻쫓캪ꆰ늻떱뷢맍ꆱ뷸탐뷧뚨뗄탨튪ꆣ늻떱뷢맍늢탨튪돐떣퓰죎ꆣꆰ늻떱뷢맍ꆱ쫇퓚럱뚨뒫춳뗄맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄믹뒡짏닺짺뫍랢햹웰살뗄룅쓮ꆣ쏀맺돉컄램뛔릹ꆡꆡ뛾ꆢ맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲릫릲헾닟샽췢횮랢햹샺돌돉헽떱뷢맍뗄풭틲쎻폐뷸탐룅삨탔맦뚨,솪냮램싉뫍훝램싉뻹맦뚨맍풱틲쒳킩풭틲늻뗃놻뷢맍,틔뷻ꆡꆡ(튻)쏈톿뷗뛎:1940쓪듺횹탔솢램맦뚨맍훷늻뗃탐쪹뷢맍좨뗄쟩탎;돽듋헢퓚쏀맺,훝램풺틔캥랴릫릲헾닟캪평뛸뷻횹맍췢,맍훷뿉틔ퟔ평탐쪹뷢맍좨ꆣ튻냣죏캪,늻떱뷢훷죎틢뷢맍웤풱릤뗄ퟶ램,퓚샺쪷짏웰풴뷏퓧ꆣ퓚맍쫇횸맍훷믹폚폫풱릤뗄쓜솦믲탐캪틔벰맍훷뗄맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄샽췢훐,ꆰ릫릲헾닟샽췢ꆱ쫇쏀맺램뺭볃킧틦ힴ뿶뗈틲쯘쎻폐죎뫎맘솪뗄샭평뛸뷸탐풺ퟮ퓧탎돉뗄뛔맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄쿞훆,쯼쫇춨맽쮾뗄뷢맍,냼삨믹폚풱릤닎폫릤믡ퟩ횯ꆢ닎볓냕릤뗈램맽돌훐램풺뛔룃샽췢뗄훰늽좷죏살쪵쿖뗄ꆣꆰ릫닺튵탐뚯틔벰믹폚탔뇰ꆢ쓪쇤뗈룷랽쏦웧쫓탔풭틲릲헾닟샽췢ꆱ퓚쮾램훐뗄쫊폃,ퟮ퓧뿉틔ힷ쯝떽볓쯹떼훂뗄뷢맍ꆣ뛠쓪살,쏀맺쮾램맽돌훐믽샛뗄에샻뢣쓡퇇훝ퟮ룟램풺1945쓪퓚ꆰ샽듳뚼좷죏퓚쿂쇐3훖쟩탎쿂,맍풱늻쓜놻뷢맍:ianDredgingCo.낸ꆱ훐뗄에뻶맛뗣ꆣ퓚룃낸훐,램(1)맍훷뗄뷢맍탐캪캥놳릫릲헾닟,죧틲맍풱뻜뻸풺죏캪:ꆰ폐돤럖횤뻝뇭쏷맍훷뷢맍풱릤좱랦헽떱듓쫂캥램믮뚯믲뷒랢맍훷캥램탐캪뛸놻뷢맍;(2)샭평ꆣ춬쪱,쎻폐횤뻝뇭쏷풱릤싄탐웤릤ퟷ횰퓰늻맍훷뗄죋쫂헾닟ꆢ맜샭쇷돌ꆢ뿚춷돐억쏷쪾믲틾몬떱,믲헟맍훷뛔풱릤뗄릤ퟷ뇭쿖늻싺틢ꆣ뷸뛸,맍쇋탸뚩맍폃뫏춬뗄돐억;(3)캥랴뫏춬쯹ퟱ톭뗄돏훷틲풱릤닎볓쟫풸뛸붫웤뷢맍좱랦헽떱샭평ꆣ쪵탅폃뫍릫욽뫏샭풭퓲,죧맍훷맊틢냾뛡뫏춬훐풼ꆭꆭ풱릤폐좨샻퓚늻캥랴웤뛔맍훷뗄쒬쪾훒쪵틥뚨뗄맍풱뗄좨틦ꆢ붱뷰믲뷲쳹뗈뗈[8]ꆣ컱뗄쟩뿶쿂뛔폐맘샍뚯쳵볾뫍맍훷뗄맦퓲쳡돶뾹1980쓪듺틔살,쯦ퟅ쏀맺릤믡ퟩ횯뗄볓쯙쮥틩늢튪쟳볓틔룄짆ꆣꆱꋛ퓚룃낸에뻶훐,볓훝ퟮ룟램췋,맽좥쓇훖룼뛠틀뾿벯쳥첸에뛔뷢맍뷸탐놣뮤뗄풺횸돶,퓚튻쿮ퟱ쫘램싉훈탲쟩뿶쿂쳡돶뗄폐맘샍램싉쳥쾵틑뺭룄뇤,헢듙쪹램맙돐죏늻쫜쿞훆뗄맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲퓚쫊폃짏돶쿖쇋탭뛠샽췢,듙쪹룼뛠뗄풱릤캪놣뮤좨틦쳡웰늻떱뷢맍쯟쯏[8]ꆣ릫릲헾닟ꋙ믴쒷쮹뻍퓸뺭붫ꆰ뛔ꆪꆪꆪ컞싛쫇릫뾪탻늼뗄뮹쫇쿂틢쪶뛔쮾램맽돌뗄ퟷ폃훷튪뇭쿖퓚웤뿉놻램풺풮틽ퟷ뗄ꆪꆪꆪ릫릲헾닟뗄횱뻵ꆱ뾴ퟷꆰ뇈퇝틯췆샭ퟷ폃듳뗃뛠ꆱ뗄펰쿬쮾램에뻶뗄틲쯘ꆣ(닎볻:Holmes1TheCommonLaw[M]1Boston:Lit2캪에뻶뗄헽떱뮯샭평ꆣꋙ룷훝램풺뾼싇떽맍폃맘쾵tle,BrownandCompany,1923:1).늻뛏뇤뮯뗄놾훊틔벰늻떱뷢맍낸볾훐퓢뷢맍풱릤ꋚ맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄릫릲헾닟샽췢뷨훺릫릲헾닟뗄솦솿,탎돉쿞훆늻떱뷢맍뗄쮾램에뻶,퓶잿쇋에뻶뗄좨췾탔뫍짧믡펰쿬솦ꆣ뗄좨샻뺭뎣쫜떽늻떱쟖몦뗄쫂쪵,퓚에뻶훐돶쿖쇋ꋛ.,(1945).67
컷쓏헾램듳톧톧놨뚯쳵볾랽쏦뗄짪쯟훐,캴볓죫릤믡뗄맍풱늻쓜틲폫룃낸훐샻폃튻쿮훝훆뚨램뗄맦뚨헒떽쇋튻쿮쏷좷웤춬쫂쏇첸싛늢볓죫쯻쏇뛸쫜떽뷢맍ꆣ춨맽풮틽뗄뿉틔ퟷ캪늻떱뷢맍쯟쯏믹뒡뗄릫릲헾닟ꆣ룹뻝볓샻뢣쓡퇇훝ꆶ쿜램ꆷ뫍ꆶ쏀맺솪냮쿜램ꆷ,램풺좷죏룃훆뚨램짏뗄릫릲헾닟튪쟳,볓샻뢣쓡퇇훝짏쯟램쟫풸좨쫇쫜떽릫릲헾닟놣뮤뗄릫쏱좨샻,맍훷틲캪풺에뻶:늻싛쫇뚨웚믲늻뚨웚맍폃뫏춬,죧맻퓊탭맍풱탐쪹쟫풸좨뻍붫웤뷢맍,쪵볊짏틑뺭릹돉뛔릫맍훷틔풱릤뻜뻸ퟷ캱횤캪평뛸붫웤뷢맍,붫폐몦폚릲헾닟뗄캥랴ꆣ쯤좻볓훝램풺퓚ꆰGreene낸ꆱ훐늢놾훝뗄릫릲샻틦,춬쪱튲캥랴릫릲헾닟벰붡좫뗄뗀캴뛔릫릲헾닟샽췢뷸탐쏷좷돐죏,떫평폚웕춨램짏뗂맛,폈웤캱횤ퟯ쫇놾훝훝램쯹쳘뇰쏷쇮뷻횹뗄퇏럮탐ꆰퟱ톭쿈샽ꆱ풭퓲,쯼뛔룃훝쿂벶램풺죕뫳짳샭훘랸ퟯꆣ짏쫶에뻶틔릫릲헾닟뫍릫릲샻틦캪쫓뷇샠쯆낸볾쪱웰떽쇋쪾랶뗄ퟷ폃,횱뷓떼훂1959쓪뷸탐뾼솿,뛔맍훷뷢맍뗄뚯믺벰탐캪뫳맻뷸탐쇋릫룃훝짏쯟램풺헽쪽좷솢쇋맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄ꆰ릫릲헾릲헾닟랽쏦뗄럖컶,헽쪽좷솢쇋릫릲헾닟샽췢,탎닟샽췢ꆱꆣ돉쇋릩웤쯻룷훝램풺킧램뗄랶샽ꆣ(뛾)헽쪽좷솢뷗뛎:1950쓪듺(죽)웕뇩닉탐뷗뛎:1970쓪듺훁뷱볌ꆰGreene낸ꆱ횮뫳,춨맽쮾램좷솢릫릲헾닟샽평폚릫릲헾닟샽췢뷻횹맍훷퓚뷢맍샭평폫릫췢뾪쪼뗃떽뷸튻늽훘쫓ꆣ1950쓪듺,쯤좻ퟜ쳥짏쏀릲헾닟뫍릫릲헾닟쯹뎫떼뗄릫릲샻틦늻튻훂쪱뛔맺룷훝램풺뛔쫇럱좷죏맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄웕춨램샽풱릤뷸탐뷢맍,럻뫏쏀맺훷쇷뗄볛횵맛쓮,틲듋,퓚췢,늢뷸뛸돐죏헫뛔늻떱뷢맍쳡웰뗄쏱쫂쯟쯏뮹폌ꆰPetermann낸ꆱ에뻶뫳뗄뛌웚쓚,뗃떽뛠쫽훝램풺풥늻뻶,떫볓샻뢣쓡퇇훝램풺뮹쫇돉캪쏀맺뗚튻룶뗄퓞춬뫍쿬펦ꆣ좷죏릫릲헾닟샽췢뗄램풺ꆣ1959쓪,볓샻뢣쓡퇇훝ퟔ1959쓪뾪쪼,쏀맺램풺훰붥웕뇩죏쪶떽퓚짏쯟램풺퓚훸쏻뗄ꆰ캥놳릫릲헾닟뗄쟩뿶쿂뛔풱릤뗄뷢맍쫇뿉쯟뗄,듓BrotherhoodofTeamsters낸ꆱꋙ훐,쫗듎쏷좷탻돆맍뛸듙뷸쇋릫릲헾닟샽췢뗄웕뇩좷죏뫍췆탐ꆣ좻뛸,훷뗄뷢맍좨펦떱쫜떽훆뚨램믲릫릲헾닟뾼싇뗄쿞ퟮ돵돽쇋뒴훆룃샽췢뗄볓샻뢣쓡퇇훝횮췢,웤쯻룷훆ꆣ퓚룃낸훐,쒳웳튵릤믡횰풱틲캪뻜뻸캪웤맍훷훝뛔룃샽췢뗄쫊폃죔좻돖폌틉뫍맛췻뗄첬뛈,횱떽퓚훝틩믡뗷닩쳽횤믡짏ퟷ캱횤,맍훷뻍틔웤릤ퟷ뇭벸룶랢듯뗄훝뗄램풺ퟶ돶쇋쿠쯆뗄에뻶,ꆰPeter2쿖늻병캪평붫웤뷢맍ꆣ풭룦짹돆퓚웤쫜맍웚볤,릤mann낸ꆱ에뻶뗄뫏램탔컊쳢닅뗃떽맘힢뫍맣랺쳖ퟷ뇭쿖쫇돶즫뗄,퓚쳽횤믡뻙냬횮잰짵훁쫇ꆰ럇뎣싛[10],늢ퟮ훕뗃떽뛠쫽훝램풺뗄죏뿉ꆣ듓1970쓪돶즫뗄ꆱ,맍훷뷢맍쓋쫇돶폚뛔웤뻜뻸ퟷ캱횤뗄놨듺떽80쓪듺,쯦ퟅ릫릲헾닟샽췢풭퓲뗄펰쿬죕붥뢴ꆣ램풺룹뻝쏀맺뒫춳뗄맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲,쯤좻돐죏삩듳,룷훝톡퓱좷죏뫍닉쓉릫릲헾닟샽췢뗄램풺쫽늻뚨웚맍폃뫏춬퓚튻냣쟩뿶쿂뿉틔평맍훷죎틢뷢솿죕퓶ꆣ떽1991쓪캪횹,쏀맺룷훝쮾램쪵컱훐틑돽,떫죏캪죧맻뷢맍샭평쫇캥램믲캥랴릫릲헾닟뺭쿈뫳폐42룶훝램풺헽쪽닉폃릫릲헾닟샽췢풭쪱,죔캪램싉쯹늻탭뿉ꆣ퓲,뛔맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뷸탐탞헽[11]ꆣ쒿잰,퓚쏀맺룷볓샻뢣쓡퇇훝짏쯟램풺잿뗷,죧맻뛔맍풱뗄돖훝훐,뻜뻸돐죏ꆰ릫릲헾닟샽췢ꆱ뗄뷶쓚늼삭쮹볓탸맍폃췪좫좡뻶폚풱릤쳽쏼폚맍훷뗄죎뫎튪훝ꆢ슷틗쮹낲쓇훝ꆢ런싞샯듯훝ꆢퟴ훎퇇훝ꆢ낢삭냍쟳ꆪꆪꆪ냼삨듓쫂캥램탐캪뗄튪쟳ꆪꆪꆪ살쪵쿖,늻떫붫뇤쿠떼훂맍훷뫍풱릤쮫랽뫏쒱듓쫂탌쫂캥램탐캪,뛸쟒튲붫쯰몦볓샻뢣쓡퇇훝램쯹놣뮤뗄릫릲샻틦ꆣ랴뛔ퟷ캱횤뗄릫릲헾닟쯹쳥쿖뗄릫릲샻틦뛔맍훷뗄뻸뛔뷢맍좨릹돉쿞훆,풭룦뷸뛸펵폐쇋튻쿮웕춨램짏헫뛔늻떱뷢맍뗄쯟틲(causeofaction),늢ꋙ,344P.틲듋폐좨믱뗃ꆰퟷ캪웤뷡맻뗄쏱쫂뻈볃ꆱꆣ램풺퓚2d25().68
뫺솢럥:쏀맺샍뚯램짏맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄릫릲헾닟샽췢:탎돉ꆢ쪵볹폫랴쮼십훝ꆢ얦풼훝뫍싞뗂떺훝ꋙ;듋췢,평폚쏥틲훝뮹쎻웰뗄뷢맍ꆣ퓚쏀맺,듳늿럖훝뚼훆뚨폐샍릤늹뎥램폐탎돉횱뷓짦벰룃컊쳢뗄에뻶,틲뛸짐늻쟥돾룃훝싉램맦,맦뚨샍뚯헟쫜릤짋,늻맜쫇럱폐맽쪧뻹펦뛔릫릲헾닟샽췢뗄믹놾첬뛈,떫훁짙뿉틔쏷좷뗄폨틔뷰잮엢뎥ꆣ춨맽헢킩램싉램맦캪퓢쫜릤짋쯰쫇,룃훝짐캴뛔릫릲헾닟샽췢룸폨헽쪽좷죏ꆣ몦뗄샍뚯헟쳡릩뇘튪뗄뻈볃ꆣ퓚1973쓪펡뗚낲쓉훝램풺짳샭뗄ꆰ.ꆡꆡ죽ꆢ맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲릫릲헾닟샽췢뗄뻟쳥쫊폃낸ꆱꋛ훐,램풺죏캪맍훷늻뗃틲샍뚯헟쟫쟳웤훆뚨램짏뗄릤짋늹뎥뛸쫜떽뷢맍,훆뚨램뗄쒿뇪퓚폚쪹샍ꆡꆡ(튻)쮾램쪵컱훐릫릲헾닟샽췢뗄쫊폃뎡뫏뚯헟탐쪹웤좨샻,뛸늻쫜놨뢴,죧맻맍훷뿉틔틲듋뻍쏀맺룷훝쮾램쪵컱뛔릫릲헾닟샽췢뗄쫊폃죎틢뷢맍샍뚯헟,퓲헢쿮훘튪뗄릫릲헾닟붫쫜떽쟖쟩뿶뛸퇔,캥랴릫릲헾닟뗄늻떱뷢맍뿉틔쟸럖캪틔몦ꆣ돽짏쫶폐맘릤짋늹뎥뗄램싉췢,웤쯻룷훝램풺쿂4훖쟩탎:튲뺭뎣틔캥랴릫릲헾닟캪평,에뻶맍훷늻뗃틲쫜맍1.틲뻜뻸듓쫂캥랴탌램맦뚨믲웤쯻캥램탐캪헟듓쫂릤믡믮뚯뛸붫웤뷢맍,틲캪ퟩ횯릤믡벰듓쫂퓢떽뷢맍ꆡꆰ릫릲헾닟샽췢ꆱ쫊폃뗄뗚튻훖쟩뿶뻍릤믡믮뚯,뚼쫇솪냮벰룷훝훆뚨램쯹뢳폨샍뚯헟뗄쫇풱릤퓚뻜뻸럾듓맍훷튪쟳듓쫂탌쫂캥램탐캪믲헽떱좨샻ꆣ웤쯻탔훊뗄캥램탐캪뫳퓢폶뗄뷢맍ꆣ헢쫇ퟮ죝틗죏뚨맍풱틲탐쪹튻쿮훆뚨램짏좨샻믲쳘좨뛸캪죋쏇쯹뷓쫜뗄릫릲헾닟샽췢[12]ꆣ캥랴탌램맦뚨퓢떽뷢맍,뇘탫싺ퟣ틔쿂솽룶쳵볾:뗚튻,쯟쯏쯹짦뗄탐캪쫇뗤탍뗄캥랴릫릲헾닟뗄탐캪,헢퓚쏀맺램벰뗄훆뚨램,펦쏷좷뇭쏷놣헏쫜맍헟뗄릫릲헾닟쫇풺쫊폃릫릲헾닟샽췢쪱탎돉쇋뷏캪튻훂뗄죏쪶ꆣ쪲쎴쓚죝,벴튪쟳릫릲헾닟뇘탫쫇뻟쳥뗄뫍캪훆뚨퓚틁샻억틁훝램풺짳샭뗄ꆰ램쯹쏷쪾뗄ꆣ뗚뛾,놻뷢맍헟뇘탫쫇룃훆뚨램쯹좷tionalHarvesterCo.낸ꆱꋚ훐,튻쏻풱릤쯟돆뷢맍췪뚨튪놣헏뗄뛔쿳ꆣ죎뫎훆뚨램뗄냤늼쪵쪩,뚼폐쳘좫돶폚놨뢴,틲캪쯻뷒랢쇋튻쏻춬쫂랸ퟯ뗄탐캪,뚨뗄쫊폃뛔쿳랶캧,횻폐룃쳘뚨뛔쿳닅쓜틀뻝놣뮤늢쟒쯦뫳퓚횴램늿쏅뷸탐탌쫂뗷닩뫍릫쯟뗄맽돌웤좨틦뗄훆뚨램쳡웰늻떱뷢맍횮쯟ꆣ훐뷸탐쇋킭훺ꆣ틁샻억틁훝늢쎻폐죎뫎쏅뗄훆3.틲ퟱ쫘튻쿮훆뚨램믲쿜램짏뗄틥컱뛸퓢떽뚨램놣뮤룃풱릤쏢퓢뷢맍,램풺랢쿖룃풱릤쫇틀뻝뷢맍ꆡ떱맍풱틲싄탐훆뚨램믲쿜램짏뗄릫릲틥컱릫릲헾닟풭퓲붫맍훷쯍짏놻룦쾯뗄ꆣ퓚에뻶훐,램뛸퓢뷢맍쪱,룃뷢맍평폚캥랴릫릲헾닟놻쫓캪쫇뿉풺횧돖쇋풭룦뗄쯟쯏쟫쟳,탻돆ꆰ퓙쎻폐쪲쎴뇈탌쯟뗄ꆣ퓚헢샠늻떱뷢맍낸볾훐,쫜맍헟틲싄탐닎볓램뗄쪵쪩룼믹놾뗄릫릲헾닟쇋ꆣꆱꆰPalmateer낸ꆱ뇭엣짳췅틥컱뛸놻뷢맍뗄쟩탎쫇ퟮ캪뎣볻뗄ꆣퟮ돵,쏷,떱풱릤돶폚돏쪵뗄첬뛈볬뻙춬쫂믲맍훷뗄랸ퟯ퓚램풺뛔틲싄탐닎볓엣짳췅틥컱뛸퓢뷢맍뗄낸볾탐캪쪱,틁샻억틁훝뻍믡믹폚릫릲헾닟캪웤쳡릩놣랢뇭틢볻쪱,짐컞훆뚨램뛔헢훖뷢맍ퟷ돶쏷좷뗄뷻뮤ꆣ횹[13]ꆣ틲듋,램풺뛔헢샠낸볾닉좡쿠떱놣쫘뗄솢돽쇋탌쫂캥램탐캪,웤쯻캥램탐캪튲뿉쓜릹돉뒥랸릫릲헾닟뗄컊쳢ꆣ퓚뒴짨릫릲헾닟샽췢뗄ꆰPetermann낸ꆱ훐,볓샻뢣쓡퇇훝짏쯟램풺쯤좻쫇ꋙ퓚짏쫶벸룶훝샯,램풺튪쎴뻜뻸헫뛔맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뒴짨릫릲헾닟샽췢,튪쎴뛔룃쫂쿮늻뷸탐닃에ꆣ(닎볻:NadjiaLimani1틔쫜맍헟뻜뻸캥랴탌램뗄맦뚨뛸에뻶웤쪤쯟,떫램RightingWrongfulDischarge:ARecommendationfortheNewYorkJu2풺퓚룃낸훐뮹뷸튻늽쏷좷횸돶,웤쯻탔훊뗄캥램탐diciarytoAdoptaPublicPolicyExceptiontotheEmployment-At-캪WillDoctrine[J]1CardozoPublicLaw,Policy&EthicsJournal,Vol.,쯤늻쫴폚탌램뗷헻랶캧,튲펦쓉죫릫릲헾닟샽5,Fall,2006:319.췢뗄쫊폃랶캧ꆣꋚ.,(1986).2.틲탐쪹튻쿮훆뚨램짏좨샻믲쳘좨뛸퓢떽뷢ꋛ.,,맍ꆡ헢샠낸샽듳뛠짦벰샍뚯헟쟫쟳릤짋늹뎥뛸틽428()169
컷쓏헾램듳톧톧놨뎡,늻죏캪떣죎엣짳풱뗄틥컱쫴폚릫릲헾닟ꆣ1960맍훷캥랴튻냣탔릫릲헾닟뛸퓢뷢맍뗄맍풱,쫇컞램쓪,볓샻뢣쓡퇇훝짏쯟램풺퓚ꆰ믱뗃죎뫎뻈볃뗄ꆣ헢킩짙쫽낸볾훷튪쫇맘폚풱릤낸ꆱꋙ훐,뻍에뻶쒳캻쫜맍헟틲캥랴맍훷틢풸닎폫엣뷒랢맍훷늻떱탐캪랽쏦뗄ꆣ퓚헢샠낸볾훐,ꆰ쫜놣짳췅믮뚯뛸놻뷢맍튻쫂,늢컞쯟틲듦퓚ꆣ퓚룃낸뮤뗄릫릲샻틦폫풱릤틲뻜뻸듓쫂럇램탐캪퓢뷢맍훐,램풺쯤좻죏캪맍훷뗄뷢맍탐캪벫캪ꆰ뿉퓷ꆢퟔ쮽쪱놣뮤뗄릫릲샻틦쿠뷼ꆣ죧맻룹뻝릫릲샻틦,풱릤뫍좱랦풶볻ꆱ,좴죏캪뛔헢샠쫂볾뗄뻈볃,펦떱붻평늻펦룃듓쫂럇램탐캪,뛸내헕릫릲샻틦뗄튪쟳,맍솢램믺맘틔솢램살볓틔놣헏,뛸늻쫇평램풺볓틔닃훷뫍웤쯻풱릤튲늻펦룃듓쫂럇램탐캪ꆣ튲탭좷죏뛏ꆣ평폚ꆰMallard낸ꆱ틽랢뗄짧믡폟싛톹솦,볓샻맍훷캥램탐캪ퟮ볲떥뗄냬램쫇춨맽맍훷뗄풱릤뷸뢣쓡퇇훝틩믡퓚룃낸에뻶뫳늻뻃뻍춨맽쏅뗄훆탐쇋뷢ꆣ짧믡릫훚퓚튪쟳풱릤뷒슶캥랴릫릲샻틦뚨램놣헏맍풱떣죎엣짳풱뗄틥컱ꆣ뗄럇램탐캪랽쏦펵폐샻틦ꆣ캪쇋맄샸풱릤뷒슶맍돽쇋훆뚨램횮췢,맍풱틲듓쫂쿜램쏷쪾뗄릫릲훷뗄럇램탐캪,뇘탫놣뮤풱릤쏢퓢놨뢴탔뷢맍ꆣꆱ틥컱퓢뷢맍뗄,튲쫴폚맍훷캥랴릫릲헾닟ꆣ[13]10641975쓪뛭샕룔훝ퟮ룟램풺짳샭뗄ꆰ낸ꆱꋚ쫇쏀맺쮾램쪵컱훐춨맽에샽뗄뺭쓪샛믽,ퟜ뷡탎쏀맺뗚튻웰룹뻝훝쿜램짏닎폫엣짳췅틥컱뗄릫릲돉쇋짏쫶캥랴릫릲헾닟늻떱뷢맍뗄4훖쟩탎,캪에헾닟맦뚨뷸탐짳에뗄낸볾ꆣ퓚룃낸훐,튻캻얮쏘쫩뛏맍훷뷢맍풱릤쫇럱캥랴릫릲헾닟쳡릩쇋틀뻝ꆣ틲캪뷓쫜램풺뗄헷헙떣죎엣짳풱뛸놻뷢맍,램풺퓚믹폚릫릲헾닟샭쓮뗄맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲샽췢,평폚웤뻟에뻶웤쪤쯟쪱,돽죏캪맍훷뷢맍탐캪캥랴릫릲헾닟폐쫊폃폚늻춬뎡뫏쿂뗄쇩믮탔,돉캪맍폃램짏뗄훘췢,뮹쳘뇰풮틽룃훝쿜램맘폚놣헏죋쏱폐좨퓚쏱쫂튪풭퓲ꆣ떫쫇,헢튻샽췢퓚룷훝램풺쫊폃맽돌훐튲벰탌쫂낸볾훐춨맽엣짳췅닎폫짳에뗄쳵뿮,ퟷ캪웤늻쫇쎻폐헹틩뗄,웹뷱캪횹죔쏦쇙튻킩탼뛸캴뻶뗄에뻶뗄틀뻝ꆣ퓚짳샭맽돌훐,뛭샕룔훝ퟮ룟램풺쏷컊쳢ꆣ좷횸돶,죧맻쫜맍헟쫇틲싄탐튻쿮쿜램짏틥컱뛸놻(뛾)릫릲헾닟샽췢퓚쫊폃맽돌훐닺짺뗄훷튪뷢맍쪱,뿉뷨듋쳡웰늻떱뷢맍쯟쯏톰쟳뻈볃ꆣ뺭맽컊쳢ꆰMallard낸ꆱ뫍ꆰNees낸ꆱ횮뫳,쏀맺룷훝램풺뛔헢릫릲헾닟샽췢퓚쫊폃맽돌훐닺짺뗄훷튪컊쳢,샠낸볾닉좡쇋쿠뷼뗄솢뎡:죧맻맍풱쫇캪ퟱ쫘훆뚨쫇램풺쾵춳쫊폃룃샽췢늻춳튻뫍좷뚨릫릲헾닟쓚램믲쿜램맦뚨뛸떣죎엣짳풱,쯻쫇퓚싄탐릫쏱뗄틥몭벰램풴뗄뇪ힼ늻쏷좷ꆣ컱,맍훷늻뗃틔듋캪샭평붫웤뷢맍ꆣ1.램풺쾵춳쫊폃릫릲헾닟샽췢늻춳튻ꆡ쏀맺4.맍훷캥랴튻냣탔릫릲헾닟뛸뷢맍풱릤ꆡ퓚램풺쫊폃릫릲헾닟샽췢늻춳튻,볈뇭쿖퓚룷훝램풺쮾램쪵컱훐,쏀맺램풺뮹ퟜ뷡돶늻쫴폚짏쫶3샠쟩횮볤,튲랴펳퓚춬튻훝쓚뗄램풺횮볤ꆣ탎뗄맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄릫릲헾닟샽췢ꆣ튻냣뿉틔붫(1)룷훝램풺쫊폃릫릲헾닟샽췢뗄닮틬ꆡ평폚룃샽췢쏨쫶캪ꆰ틲릫릲헾닟쯹랴룐뗄샭평뛸뷸탐뗄쏀맺룷훝뛔릫릲헾닟샽췢뗄쫊폃듳틬웤좤,늻뿉쓜뷢맍(dischargesforreasonsrepugnanttopublicpoli2훰튻뷸탐뇈뷏ꆣ쿂컄뷶틔쏜컷컷뇈훝ꆢ뮪쪢뛙훝뫍cy)ꆣꆱ[12]136잰쫶3훖쟩탎뚼믹폚쒳킩뷏캪뻟쳥뫍좷볓샻뢣쓡퇇훝뗄쮾램쪵컱캪샽,쮵쏷룃샽췢퓚쮾램뚨뗄릫릲헾닟랽쏦뗄샭평,뗚4훖쟩탎ퟷ캪잰죽헟맽돌훐쫊폃뗄닮틬탔ꆣ늹돤,뿉틔돆캪캥랴튻냣탔릫릲헾닟뗄뷢맍ꆣ뗚튻,쏜컷컷뇈훝ꆡ쏜컷컷뇈훝ퟮ룟램풺퓚평폚쏀맺램풺뛔뫎캽릫릲헾닟훚쮵럗,컞램ힼ좷뷧뚨릫릲헾닟뗄쓚몭,뛸튻냣탔릫릲헾닟쫂쿮폖쫇릫릲헾닟컊쳢훐ퟮ쒣뫽뗄늿럖,춬쪱쯼폖죝틗폫맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄릫욽돏탅풭퓲샽췢쿠믬쿽ꋙ,,6Ca,,틲(1960)1듋,돽쇋짙쫽쳘쫢낸볾횮췢,듳뛠쫽램풺뚼죏캪틲ꋚ,,(1975)170
뫺솢럥:쏀맺샍뚯램짏맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄릫릲헾닟샽췢:탎돉ꆢ쪵볹폫랴쮼ꆰ-Terminix낸ꆱꋙ훐,뛔맍폃횸돶,ퟷ캪짳샭틀뻝뛸풮틽뗄릫릲헾닟펦쾵쿜램믲ퟔ평풭퓲쫇럱퓊탭맍훷뷢맍뻜뻸닎볓캥램탐캪뗄훆뚨램뗄쏷컄맦뚨,춬쪱램맙뛔릫릲헾닟뗄뷢쫍늻맍풱뇭쏷쇋웤뾴램ꆣ램풺뛔룃컊쳢뗄럖컶,벯훐뗘쓜뎬돶램싉컄볾뗄랶캧ꆣ헢훖뛔릫릲헾닟램풴뗄믘맋쇋쿈잰램풺뛔맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄뒦샭첬뛈ꆣ퓚샭뷢,튪뇈짏쫶쏜컷컷뇈훝램풺뗄맛뗣뾪럅뗃뛠ꆣ믘맋쿈잰램풺맛뗣뗄믹뒡짏,램맙쏇튻훂죏캪,튻룹뻝솪냮쿜램ꆢ놾훝쿜램뫍늻춬뗄훆뚨램뛔릫릲헾쿮헫뛔맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄릫릲헾닟샽췢쫊폃폚쿂쇐닟뗄샭뷢,쯹몭룇뗄캥랴릫릲헾닟뗄뻟쳥탐캪뿉틔솽훖뻟쳥뗄쟩탎:맍훷틲캪풱릤뻜뻸닎볓럇램탐캪짦벰룷룶쇬폲,샠탍튲룼볓뛠훖뛠퇹,뛸늻쿞폚맍믲헟룦랢맍훷뗄럇램탐캪뛸뷢맍맍풱ꆣ죧맻맍훷훷퓚풱릤뻜뻸닎볓럇램탐캪믲헟룦랢맍훷뗄럇램믹폚짏쫶솽훖쟩탎훐뗄죎틢튻훖뷢맍풱릤,놻뷢맍탐캪헢솽훖쟩뿶쿂뗄뷢맍ꆣ풱릤뿉틔춨맽뛔웤맍훷쳡돶쟖좨쯟쯏믱뗃엢뎥ꆣ뗚죽,볓샻뢣쓡퇇훝ꆡ풱릤쯹뷒슶뗄뿉쓜틽랢쏜컷컷뇈훝ퟮ룟램풺쫜맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲쿈샽펰쿬뷏놨뢴탔뷢맍뗄탐캪늻쿞폚맍훷뗄럇램뗄탐캪ꆣ폐짮,퓚삩듳릫릲헾닟샽췢쫊폃랽쏦뇈뷏뻐쓠폚뒫쪱뫲,풱릤퓚틲뷒슶캥랴튻냣릫릲샻틦맛쓮뗄탐캪춳ꆣ틲듋,램풺퓚ꆰMcArn낸ꆱ훐뛔릫릲헾닟샽췢뗄뛸퓢뷢맍뫳,튲쫔춼톰쟳늻떱뷢맍랽쏦뗄뻈볃ꆣ볓쫊폃쟩탎폨틔쿞훆쪱잿뗷횸돶,맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄릫샻뢣쓡퇇훝헽쫇퓚헢랽쏦놣뮤풱릤ퟮ캪뿭랺뗄훝ꆣ릲헾닟샽췢쫇ꆰ쿁햭뗄ꆱ뫍ꆰ폐쿞뗄ꆱꆣ헢훖뾴램펦퓚짏컄쳡떽뗄ꆰPertermann낸ꆱ훐,볓샻뢣쓡퇇훝짏떱쮵쫇뇈뷏놣쫘뗄,늻떫뛔릫릲헾닟샽췢뗄웤쯻쫊쯟램풺퓚에뻶훐뇭쏷ꆰ릫릲헾닟헢튻폃폯,쫇쎻폐폃쟩뿶폨틔늻떱뫶싔,뛸쟒튲럱죏쇋쮾램에샽붫살냬램볓틔쏷좷뷧뚨뗄,ꆭꆭ죎뫎탐캪횻튪캥랴짆솼볌탸랢햹릫릲헾닟샽췢뻟쳥쟩탎뗄뿉쓜탔ꆣ웤뷡럧쯗믲헟짧믡릫릲샻틦,뻹쫴폚캥랴릫릲헾닟뗄랶맻쫇,죧맻퓚웤쯻쟩탎쿂맍훷뗄뷢맍뻶뚨뛔릫릲샻돫ꆣꆱ펦룃쮵,폫쏜컷컷뇈훝뫍뮪쪢뛙훝쿠뇈,볓샻틦퓬돉늻샻펰쿬,쓇쎴ꆰMcArn낸ꆱ에뻶뻍늻쓜ퟷ캪뢣쓡퇇훝짏쯟램풺뛔릫릲헾닟랶돫뗄샭뷢쫇ퟮ캪쿈샽뗃틔풮틽캪쫜몦랽쳡릩뻈볃뗄쫖뛎ꆣ믹폚듋,뿭랺뗄ꆣ웤쯹탻돆뗄캥랴릫릲헾닟늻쿞폚쏜컷컷쏜컷컷뇈훝뛔쫜늻떱뷢맍풱릤뗄놣뮤쿔좻늻릻돤뇈훝램풺쯹좷죏뗄솽훖쳘뚨뗄캥랴릫릲헾닟뗄탐럖ꆣ캪,춬쪱튲늻쿱뮪쪢뛙훝램풺쓇퇹튪쟳쯹캽뗄릫릲뗚뛾,뮪쪢뛙훝ꆡ1984쓪,뮪쪢뛙훝ퟮ룟램풺헾닟뇘탫폐쏷좷뗄돶뒦,뛸틔쿠뛔돩쿳뗄짆솼럧쯗퓚짳샭ꆰ.낸ꆱꋚ훐뫍짧믡릫릲샻틦ퟷ캪에뛏릫릲헾닟듦퓚뗄믹뒡ꆣ닉쓉쇋릫릲헾닟샽췢ꆣ뮪쪢뛙훝램풺춨맽첽톰쏷헢훖뛔릫릲헾닟뷸탐뗄삩헅쪽쏨쫶뛔뫳탸웤쯻램좷뗄릫릲헾닟램풴,뻝틔횸돶풱릤퓚뻜뻸듓쫂캥랴풺쫊폃뫍볌탸랢햹릫릲헾닟샽췢쳡릩쇋맣삫뗄뿕릫릲샻틦뗄탐캪ꆢ탐쪹튻쿮램뚨좨샻믲헟뻜뻸쳓뇜볤ꆣ떫춬쪱튲쏦쇙릫릲헾닟에뛏뇪ힼ맽폚훷맛뮯,릫릲틥컱뗄쟩뿶쿂,맍훷뷢맍풱릤쫇캥랴릫릲헾닟늢틲듋펰쿬쮾램좨췾뗄컊쳢ꆣ뗄ꆣꆰ캥랴릫릲샻틦뗄탐캪ꆱ냼삨횱뷓캥램탐캪뫍(2)춬훝램풺횮볤쫊폃릫릲헾닟샽췢뗄닮틬ꆡ뻜늻놨룦맍훷뗄캥램탐캪ꆣꆰ릫릲틥컱ꆱ냼삨훮죧돽쇋룷훝볤뛔릫릲헾닟죏쪶늻춬떼훂쫊폃듦퓚닮닎볓톡뻙뫍엣짳췅뗈틥컱ꆣ훁폚ꆰ탐쪹튻쿮램뚨좨뇰횮췢,폐쪱뫲벴쪹춬훝램풺횮볤뛔쿠춬낸볾뗄에샻ꆱ,램풺죏캪퓚훆뚨램틑뺭캪풱릤쏷좷쳡릩웤닎뻶튲믡듦퓚뷏듳닮틬ꆣꆰ폫킭춬탐뚯ꆢ쳡웰샍릤엢뎥쯟쯏믲헟놻뻜뻸횧뢶볓냠럑쪱뛔맙풱짪쯟뗄좨샻뗄쟩뿶쿂,맍훷펦뛔캥랴릫릲헾닟뗄늻떱뷢맍돐떣퓰죎ꆣ퓚ꆰThompson낸ꆱ훐,뮪쪢뛙훝램풺튪쟳풭룦횤쪵훆뚨램ꆢ에샽램믲ꋙ,(Miss.헟쏀맺솪냮믲뮪쪢뛙훝쿜램훐ꆰ튻쿮쏷좷맦뚨뗄릫1993)1ꋚ.,,232,릲헾닟ꆱ뗄듦퓚ꆣ틀뻝룃튪쟳,뮪쪢뛙훝램풺잿뗷,1089(1984).71
컷쓏헾램듳톧톧놨GroupOneArchitects낸ꆱꋙ벴캪뗤탍낸샽ꆣ퓚룃낸쫓캪폫헻룶맺볒뫍짧믡룹놾쿠맘뗄풭퓲뫍뇪ힼ,룃훐,Thibodeau틔탔뇰웧쫓캪평,뛔쯽뗄잰맍훷쳡웰풭퓲튪쟳붫튻냣릫릲샻틦(generalpublicinterest)늻떱뷢맍쯟쯏,짹돆쯽퓢뷢맍쫇틲캪쯽쫜맍뫳놻랢폫짧믡뢣(goodofcommunity)쓉죫뾼싇랶캧,듓쿖틑뺭뮳퓐6룶퓂ꆣ짳샭룃낸뗄뾵쓹뗒룱훝짏쯟뛸뿉틔쪹램풺폐샭평뻜뻸돐죏떱쫂죋쒳킩붻틗믲램풺뫍ퟮ룟램풺ퟷ돶쇋뷘좻쿠랴뗄에뻶ꆣ뾵쓹뗒웤쯻탐캪뗄램싉킧솦ꆣꆱ[16]ꆰ릫릲헾닟샽췢뗄솦솿룱훝짏쯟램풺횸돶,ꆶ뾵쓹뗒룱훝릫욽맍폃탐캪램ꆷ폫죵뗣뚼퓚폚릫릲헾닟룅쓮뗄늻좷뚨탔ꆣ쯤좻룃(ConnecticutꆯsFairEmploymentPracticesAct)훐폐쳘뗣쪹뗃릫릲헾닟샽췢풭퓲뻟폐쇋쇩믮탔,쓜릻쫊맘폚짙폚3쏻풱릤뗄맍훷뿉쏢퓰뗄맦뚨,틲놻룦풱폃폚뫜뛠늻춬뗄뎡뫏,떫쫇쯼튲떼훂죋쏇뛔룃샽췢릤죋쫽짙폚3죋,풭룦룹뻝룃훆뚨램늻뻟폐쯟틲ꆣ쪵볊짏컞램좷뚨ꆣ뷡맻죋쏇뚼죏캪좷뚨쪲쎴릹돉쯤좻풭룦늻쓜듓훆뚨램믱뗃뻈볃,떫웤펵폐튻쿮믹릫릲헾닟쫇룃풭퓲캩튻훂쏼뗄죵뗣(theAchillesꆯ폚뾵쓹뗒룱훝잿듳뗄랴탔뇰웧쫓릫릲헾닟뗄웕춨heel)ꆣꆱ[17]퓚쏀맺,벸뫵쯹폐쫊폃릫릲헾닟샽췢뗄램짏뗄폐킧쯟틲,퓚듦퓚랴뛔늻떱뷢맍탐캪뗄잿듳훝램풺뚼퓸퓢폶떽뷧뚨ꆰ릫릲헾닟ꆱ헢튻믹놾쓑쳢ꆣ릫릲헾닟쟩탎쿂,램풺펦좷죏웤캪맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄캪쇋뷢뻶짏쫶쓑쳢,쮾램쪵컱훐탎돉뗄튻킩뛔튻쿮샽췢ꆣ좻뛸,뾵쓹뗒룱훝ퟮ룟램풺좴돖늻춬볻릫릲헾닟뗄튻냣뷧뚨(generaldefinitions)뗃떽믹폚뷢,쯼틔ꆶ뾵쓹뗒룱훝릫욽맍폃탐캪램ꆷ캪짙폚3쏻릫릲헾닟샭평ퟷ돶뗄늻떱뷢맍에뻶뗄맣랺뷓쫜:풱릤뗄맍훷쳡릩쏢퓰캪평,에뻶틲뛔풱릤탔뇰웧쫓ꆰ뗚튻,릫릲헾닟쳥쿖쇋헢퇹뗄샭쓮,벴쎻폐죋뿉틔뛸놻웰쯟뗄맍훷쏢폚돐떣퓰죎ꆣ램풺죏캪,놣뮤킡뫏램뗘듓쫂쓇킩뿉쓜뛔릫훚믲헟릫릲샻틦퓬돉쯰탍웳튵맍훷쏢쫜랴웧쫓쯟쯏뗄쟖죅쫇뇈놣뮤풱릤몦뗄탐캪;뗚뛾,릫릲헾닟쫇뇭듯릫욽헽틥늢뛔맺쏢쫜탔뇰웧쫓뗄믹놾좨샻룼훘튪뗄릫릲헾닟쫂쿮,볒릫쏱닺짺좫쏦펰쿬뗄쫂컯ꆣꆱ[18]헢킩뷧뚨뷒쪾쇋틲듋펦떱폅쿈놣뮤ꆣ뾵쓹뗒룱훝ퟮ룟램풺횸돶,훆릫릲헾닟샽췢뗄쒿뇪퓚폚럀횹릫릲샻틦쫜떽쟖몦ꆣ뚨램쏷좷맦뚨ꆰ맍훷ꆱ뷶횸맍폃풱릤죋쫽뎬맽3죋쯼쏇튲뇭쏷릫릲헾닟샽췢듦퓚튻킩죵뗣ꆣ샽죧,좷뗄웳튵,뛸Thibodeau뗄잰맍훷늻쫴폚룃램쯹돆맍뚨튻쿮탐캪뻟폐ꆰ뿉쓜떼훂쯰몦뗄쟣쿲ꆱ믲ꆰ쯰몦릫훷뗄랶캧,틲듋,늢늻펵폐웰쯟웤잰맍훷뗄훆뚨램릲샻틦ꆱ,뿉쓜튪쟳램풺탐쪹솢램릦쓜ꆣ캪쇋복쟡믲웕춨램짏뗄쯟틲,룃훆뚨램놾짭벴뇭쏷쇋뻜뻸튪릫릲헾닟샽췢쓚퓚뗄쒣뫽탔,듳뛠쫽램풺튪쟳풭룦쟳킡탍맍훷돐떣탔뇰웧쫓퓰죎뗄릫릲헾닟맘쟐[14]ꆣ쯹돆뗄릫릲헾닟펦쫇퓚튻쿮훆뚨램ꆢ쿜램ꆢ탐헾램2.릫릲헾닟뗄몭틥뫍램풴쓑틔뷧뚨ꆡ짏쫶룷맦믲쮾램에뻶훐쏷좷맦뚨뗄ꆣ훝램풺쓋훁춬훝램풺뛔릫릲헾닟샽췢쫊폃늻춳튻(2)릫릲헾닟램풴뗄쒣뫽탔ꆡ퓚ퟮ맣랺뗄틢틥뗄ힴ뿶,폫릫릲헾닟뗄쓚몭뫍램풴쓑틔쏷좷뗄컊쳢짏,릫릲헾닟뗄램풴볈뿉틔살ퟔ폚룷훝쿜램믲쿜램쏜쟐쿠맘ꆣ탔컄볾ꆢ훆뚨램믲헟램맦뗄폃폯믲ퟚ횼랽쏦뗄맦(1)릫릲헾닟뗄몭틥뻟폐늻좷뚨탔ꆡ뫠샻ꆤ뚨,튲뿉틔살ퟔ폚쮾램에뻶ꆢ탐헾맙풱쏇뗄춨뎣맟H.엥샯쳘()뷌쫚횸돶,퓚캥랴릫샽,퓚쒳킩쟩뿶쿂짵훁뿉틔살ퟔ폚횰튵뗀뗂맦릲헾닟뗄늻떱뷢맍쯟쯏훐,ퟷ캪풭룦뗄풱릤뇘탫횤랶ꆣ[19]퓚쏀맺쮾램쪵컱훐,ꆰ내죋쏇뷓쫜돌뛈룟뗍,쏷쿂쇐4뗣:뗚튻,튻쿮릫릲헾닟뗄듦퓚;뗚뛾,뷢램풺틀듎쟣쿲폚춨맽퓚쿜램ꆢ훆뚨램ꆢ탐헾램맦ꆢ웕맍쫇퓚쯰몦릫릲헾닟뗄쟩뿶쿂랢짺뗄;뗚죽,뷢맍춨램뫍튻냣쫇럇맛쓮훐톰헒릫릲헾닟ꆣꆱ[18]331-332쏀쫇평폫룃릫릲헾닟폐맘뗄탐캪틽웰뗄;뗚쯄,뛔룃맺룷훝램풺뛔짏쫶릫릲헾닟램풴샠탍뗄뷓쫜돌뛈뷢맍,맍훷좱랦뫏램뗄짌튵랽쏦뗄헽떱샭평[15]ꆣ웤듦퓚뫜듳늻춬ꆣ탭뛠쫊폃릫릲헾닟샽췢뗄램풺뚼훐,횤쏷튻쿮릫릲헾닟뗄듦퓚,짦벰떽죋쏇뛔ꆰ릫릲헾닟ꆱ헢튻쫵폯뗄샭뷢ꆣꋙ,,튻냣뛸퇔,릫릲헾닟ꆰ쫇횸놻솢램믺맘믲램풺719(2002)172
뫺솢럥:쏀맺샍뚯램짏맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄릫릲헾닟샽췢:탎돉ꆢ쪵볹폫랴쮼튪쟳릫릲헾닟펦떱쫇쏷좷뗄,늢쟒뻟폐쿖쪵틀뻝,솼쯗뒦샭뗄훘튪샠탍ꆱ[20]18ꆣ쯦ퟅ릫릲헾닟샽췢쫊랴뛔뛔릫릲헾닟뗄랶캧뷸탐싾컞뇟볊뗄삩헅ꆣ틲폃떼훂쏀맺뒫춳맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄쯉뚯,늻떱뷢맍쯟듋,헢킩램풺뛔뿉틔췆떼돶릫릲헾닟뗄램풴뷸탐쿞쯏훰붥퓶뛠,죋쏇뛔맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲램싉맦훆뗄헹싛훆:폐킩램풺횻좷죏퓚훆뚨램믲쿜램훐쳥쿖뗄ퟷ캪튲죕틦볢죱뮯ꆣ뷻횹탔맦뚨뗄릫릲헾닟ꋙ;뛸웤쯻램풺튪쟳릫릲헾탂맅뗤훷틥톧엉톧헟쟣쿲폚욫쿲맍훷샻틦살닟펦떱쓜릻캪샭탔뗄룶죋쳡릩좷뚨뗄횸틽,틲듋죧뷢뻶샍헹틩컊쳢ꆣ퓚쯻쏇뾴살,램싉늻펦쫔춼뛔맻에뛏릫릲헾닟뗄뇪ힼ맽폚튻냣믲쒣뫽,맍훷늻펦웳튵풱릤퓢뷢맍뗄쟩탎뷸탐룉풤,틲캪헢퇹ퟶ믡룸돐떣퓰죎ꆣꋚ맍훷퓶볓뛮췢뗄돉놾뢺떣,쪹웤폐킧뗘뺭펪웳튵룼쿠랴,쏀맺폐킩훝램풺쟣쿲폚듓룼캪맣랺뗄릫볓삧쓑ꆣ램싉룉풤뗄뷡맻ퟮ훕횻믡쯰몦웳튵쓚웤릲헾닟램풴훐췆떼돶릫릲헾닟,헢킩릫릲헾닟램풴쯻샍뚯헟뫍짧믡뺭볃랢햹뗄헻쳥샻틦ꆣ쿠랴,탂훆냼삨솪냮뫍훝뗄쿜램ꆢ훆뚨램ꆢ탐헾램맦뫍맦헂틔뛈훷틥톧엉톧헟쟣쿲폚죏캪,뛔뷢맍뷸탐튻킩램싉벰뗀뗂싗샭ힼ퓲뗈,몭룇쇋솢램탔뫍럇솢램탔램뿘훆쪵볊짏뛔맍훷폐샻ꆣ헢킩톧헟횸돶,쳡릩튻뚨풴ꆣ탂몱늼쪲뛻훝ퟮ룟램풺뗄에뻶잿뗷,릫릲헾닟돌뛈뗄릤ퟷ놣헏뿉틔캪맍훷듸살샻틦,틲캪헢붫쪹늻펦떱뻖쿞폚훆뚨램뗄쏷좷맦뚨,틲듋뻜뻸닉쓉뗃샍뚯헟룼볓훒돏폚웳튵늢틲듋릤ퟷ룼볓뢻폐킧ꆰ쏷좷뗄릫릲헾닟ꆱ헢튻잿훆탔튪쟳ꆣꋛ뛭몥뛭훝싊ꆣ컊쳢퓚폚맍훷폐쪱뫲믡췼볇헢룶뎤풶쒿뇪,횻램풺에뻶죏캪,튻쿮ퟣ틔횧돖늻떱뷢맍쯟쯏뗄쏷좷믡쿫떽춨맽뷢맍풱릤퓚뛌웚쓚뷚풼돉놾ꆣ뿘훆죎릫릲헾닟뗄듦퓚,뿉틔듓훮죧솪냮뫍훝쿜램ꆢ훆뚨틢뷢맍뗄램싉퓚럀횹맍훷쟼듓폚짏쫶폕믳랽쏦냧램ꆢ탐헾램맦뫍맦헂틔벰웕춨램뗈램풴훐헒떽ꆣꋜ퇝ퟅ훘튪뷇즫[21]ꆣ런쏉쳘훝ퟮ룟램풺퓚튻웰낸볾훐횸돶,뷶뷶틲캪쓪2.닉폃릫릲헾닟샽췢뻟폐헽떱탔ꆡ닉폃릫릲쇤뛸뷢맍풱릤,폐폚짧믡뛔욽뗈뫍헽틥뗄맘힢,헾닟샽췢뗄헽떱탔,훷튪좡뻶폚틔쿂벸룶틲쯘:틲듋벴쪹룃훝짐캴붫쓪쇤컊쳢쓉죫쯼뗄랴웧쫓훆(1)샍뚯헟좨샻퓢떽웕뇩쟖몦뗄쫂쪵ꆡ릫릲헾뚨램훐,맍훷튲캥랴쇋룃훝릫릲헾닟ꋝ,평듋뇭쏷웤닟샽췢돶쿖폚풱릤좨샻훰붥쫜떽맘힢뗄쓪듺ꆣ평뛔릫릲헾닟뗄살풴늢늻ퟷ쳘뚨뗄쿞훆ꆣ폚잿샍죵뗄짧믡놳뺰,쏀맺웳튵훐뗄풱릤뺭뎣퓢뎤웚틔살,쏀맺램풺쫔춼춨맽쿞훆뿉췆떼돶릫폶맍훷뗄얰듽ꆢ웧쫓뫍잿웈,좱랦램싉쳡릩뗄뇘튪릲헾닟뗄램풴,뛔릫릲헾닟뗄랶캧볓틔쏷좷뮯ꆣ쯤놣뮤,틲듋탂훆뛈훷틥톧엉톧헟쏇맄샸램풺뛔늻떱좻죋쏇얬솦좥뷧뚨릫릲헾닟뗄뇟뷧,떫쫇쯼뗄살풴뷢맍뗄쯟틲볓틔좷죏[22]ꆣ쯻쏇횸돶,퓚탭뛠쟩뿶뮹쫇쒣뫽뗄뫍듖싔뗄ꆣ웤뷡맻쫇,쮾램에뻶뒴짨뗄쿂,풱릤뚼쫇돶폚늻헽떱뗄샭평뛸놻뷢맍뗄,헢뇭릫릲헾닟샽췢쫊폃뗄늻좷뚨탔ꆢ쒣뫽탔뫍늻솬맡탔쏷풱릤탨튪쒳훖ퟮ뗍쿞뛈뗄놣뮤[23]ꆣ죧맻쎻폐룼떼훂맍훷뫍풱릤쏇뛔뇋듋볤틔벰쯻쏇폫짧믡볤뗄볓쇩믮뗄춾뺶뛔듽맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲,풱릤붫뇰컞톡좨샻틥컱늻짵쏷쇋ꆣ퓱,횻쓜돉캪ꆰ웤맍훷쎿룶튪쟳뗄컂쮳ힷ쯦헟(doc2ilefollower)ꆱ[22]1405ꆣꆡꆡ쯄ꆢ맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄릫릲헾닟샽췢뗄랴쮼(2)틔맍폃뫏춬풼뚨쿞훆맍훷좨솦늻쫇뿉탐뗄ꆡꆡ(튻)ퟔ평럅죎폫램싉맜훆뗄맘쾵ꋙꆯgCo.,()1.맍펶맘쾵쇬폲ퟔ평럅죎뫍램싉맜훆뗄헹싛ꆡ퓚쫀뷧랶캧쓚,ꆰ뛾햽ꆱ뫳에샽쪵컱훐뗄춻돶쳘뗣ꋚ.,,612()1쫇,ꆰ램풺퓋폃릫탲솼쯗풭퓲,틔놣뮤샍뚯헟뗄샻틦ꋛ.&.,,캪쒿뗄1144().,잿탐룉풤샍뚯맘쾵ꆱ[20],뛔샍뚯헟놣뮤돉캪ꋜ,,56(Ohio1994).ꆰ쿖듺놣뮤뗄릫탲뗄훘튪쇬폲ꆱ,ꆰ릹돉룷맺틀릫탲ꋝ,,588-89().73
컷쓏헾램듳톧톧놨냬램ꆡ쏀맺샍쪵볹뎤웚랢햹뗄뺭퇩뇭쏷,ꆰ맍훷폚릫릲헾닟뗄랶캧,쏀맺훸쏻톧헟낣뗂볓ꆤ늩뗇몣ퟔ평뷢맍릤죋뗄쳘좨뺭뎣퓢떽샄폃,쳘뇰쫇헢훖좨쒬(EdgarꆤBodenheimer)뷌쫚퓸뺭횸돶,캪쇋폯틥솦뗄퓋폃쓜릻웈쪹풱릤듺뇭맍훷좥캥랴램싉,믲헟쟥돾웰볻,ꆰ폐뇘튪붫릫릲헾닟춬쓇훖뿉틔놻돆횮떼훂풱릤컾짼웤놾폐룱믱뗃뗄룷훖램싉짏샻틦캪램뚨헾닟믲램싉헾닟뗄뚫컷쟸뇰뾪살ꆱ,램싉헾뗄쪱뫲ꆣꆱ[24]틲듋,췪좫폐샭평죏캪,퓚쮽펪웳튵훐닟ꆰ쫇튻훖랢늼폚쿜램맦뚨ꆢ램맦믲쿈샽훐뗄훘튪뷢맍좨헢훖뺭볃좨솦뗄탐쪹튲펦룃쿱헾뢮릫좨솦맦랶탔짹쏷ꆱꆣ퓚쯻뾴살,쓇훖죏캪ꆰ캩튻폫짳에ퟚ뗄탐쪹쓇퇹쫜떽볠뚽뫍볬닩ꆣ쯹틔,뛔뷢맍ퟔ평풭횼폐맘뗄릫릲헾닟뻍쫇램싉헾닟ꆱ뗄맛뗣쫇ꆰ틔쿁퓲뷸탐쿞훆,좷놣맍훷뷢맍좨솦뗄맦랶탐쪹좷폐뇘낯뗄쪵횤훷틥캪믹뒡뗄ꆱ,ꆰ헢훖쪵횤훷틥죏캪횻폐튪ꆣꆰ쪵볹뇭쏷,풱릤룶죋뫍맍훷횮볤ퟔ평킭짌좷솢램믺맘닅폐좨닻쏷맣틥뗄릫릲헾닟맛뗣;좻뛸,뚨뗄맍폃뫏춬,늻쫇좷솢풱릤릤ퟷ놣헏좨뫍복짙맍짏쫶맛뗣좴늻쓜놻죏캪쫇쏀맺떱쿂쮾램횮쟷쫆뗄훷뷢맍좨샄폃뗄폐킧랽램ꆣ틲캪펵폐맍훷쳡릩뗄쳥쿖ꆣꆱ[27]룹뻝늩뗇몣쒬뗄샭뷢,튪쟳릫릲헾닟듓쫴튻럝릤ퟷ뛔풱릤뛸퇔,뇈웰쇴폃튻룶릤죋뛔맍훷뛸폚쿜램뫍훆뚨램늢평쯼쏇볓틔맦뚨,쫇뛔릫릲헾닟퇔튪훘튪뗃뛠ꆣꆱ[24]50헢떼훂쮫랽떱쫂죋첸에좨뗄쪧램풴뗄쿞훆,램풺췪좫뿉틔뎬돶램싉컄놾랶캧,첽뫢,릤죋뫜짙믡풸틢탐쪹램싉쏷좷뢳폨쯻쏇뗄ퟔ톰릫릲헾닟뗄살풴ꆣ뛔웤맛뗣,뿉틔듓솽랽쏦뷸탐평,퓚뚩솢맍폃뫏춬쪱폫맍훷킭짌뛔뷢맍뷸탐쿞랴늵:쫗쿈,늩뗇몣쒬죏캪맘폚릫릲헾닟뗄쪵횤훷훆,퓚쫜맍뫳튲뫜짙뛔틔죎틢뷢맍캪잰쳡쳵볾뗄맍틥맛뗣ꆰ늻쓜놻죏캪쫇쏀맺떱쿂쮾램횮쟷쫆뗄쳥폃뫏춬쳡돶탞룄뗄튪쟳ꆣ쿖ꆱꆣ퓚헢샯,쯻틔쮾램쪵볹뗄쟷쫆ퟷ캪볬퇩쒳훖(3)퓚샍뚯맘쾵훐쫊폃웵풼ퟔ평풭퓲뻟폐뇗뛋쪵횤훷틥맛뗣뗄뇪ힼ,웤돶랢뗣튲쫇쪵횤훷틥뗄ꆣꆡ뗂맺톧헟삭뗂늼슳뫕퓸뺭횸돶,ꆰ웵풼ퟔ평훆뛈웤듎,뻟쳥떽쏀맺램풺쫊폃릫릲헾닟샽췢뗄쮾램쪵횻뾴떽샍뚯맘쾵훐솽훖놻쫓캪춬샠뗄닆닺ꆪꆪꆪ샍볹,듳뛠쫽훝램풺뚼쫇퇏룱틀뻝훝쿜램뫍훆뚨램훐뚯폫놨돪횮볤뗄붻뮻,뫶쫓쇋샍뚯늢럇쫇튻훖뗈춬맦뚨뗄릫릲헾닟뛔릫릲헾닟샽췢뷸탐뷧뚨뗄,폫늩웤쯻닆닺뗄닆닺ꆣꆱ[25]쏀맺톧헟늮쓉뗂ꆤ쪩췟듄뗇몣쒬쯹돆뗄쮾램쟷쫆헽뫃쿠랴ꆣ뇊헟죏캪,늩뗇(BernardꆤSchwartz)뷌쫚퓚움볛쏀맺샍뚯램뗄샺쪷몣쒬뛔릫릲헾닟뗄샭뷢,늢늻쫊뫏뛔릫릲헾닟램풴쪱뛔틔퇏룱웵풼ퟔ평캪믹뒡뗄샍뚯맘쾵쳡돶엺움,뗄럖컶ꆣ횸돶ꆰ뺭볃짏늻쓜ퟔ솢쪱,죋쏇쫇늻ퟔ평뗄ꆱ,ꆰ헢쏀맺룷훝램풺퓚짳샭늻떱뷢맍낸볾뗄맽돌훐,훖뺭볃짏뗄듓쫴탔쪹ꆮ웵풼ퟔ평ꆭꆭ퓚쫊폃폚튻쏻췹췹듓뻟쳥낸쟩ꆢ놾훝짵훁룶뇰짳낸램맙뛔릫릲헾맍훷폫튻쏻웕춨뗄떥룶맍릤잩뚩뗄웵풼쪱,돉캪튻닟뗄샭뷢돶랢,뛔릫릲헾닟뗄몭틥뫍램풴뷸탐뷧룶믏ퟓꆯꆣꆱ[26]평폚웵풼ퟔ평훆뛈횻붫샍뚯솦떱ퟷ뚨ꆣ쯤좻헢훖뷧뚨늻랦뇪ힼ뷏캪좷뚨뗄뿍맛틲쯘,컯,늻쫓캪죋,틲듋,쿖듺샍뚯램쟣쿲폚듓죋짭ퟔ평죧뻟쳥낸쟩ꆢ훝쿜램뫍훆뚨램뗄쏅맦뚨뗈,떫튻뗄닣듎쪵쿖샍뚯헟뗄죋좨,늢붫샍뚯맘쾵붨릹퓚죋떩뿍맛틲쯘컞램ힼ좷훘쿖릫릲헾닟뗄풭쎲,퓲죋캪짭좨샻맘쾵뗄믹뒡짏,춨맽쒳킩잿탐뗄샽췢횱뷓뛔틲쯘뫍훷맛틢쪶붫좡뛸듺횮,돉캪좷뚨릫릲헾닟뗄웵풼ퟔ평뷸탐램싉쿞훆ꆣ릫릲헾닟샽췢뗄돶쿖헽ힼ짾ꆣ퓚ꆰPertermann낸ꆱ훐,볓샻뢣쓡퇇훝짏쯟램쫇뷃헽샍뚯맘쾵쇬폲웵풼ퟔ평뇗뛋뗄춻돶뇭쿖ꆣ풺뻍횸돶,ꆰ죎뫎탐캪횻튪캥랴짆솼럧쯗믲헟짧믡(뛾)좷솢릫릲헾닟램풴뗄뿍맛뮯뇪ힼ릫릲샻틦,뻹쫴폚캥랴릫릲헾닟뗄랶돫ꆣꆱ틔컞램ힼ죧짏쯹쫶,쏀맺쮾램훐춨맽에샽틑뺭탎돉쇋튻좷뷧뚨뗄ꆰ짆솼럧쯗뫍짧믡릫릲샻틦ꆱퟷ캪릫릲헾킩쫜떽맣랺죏뿉뗄릫릲헾닟몭틥뷧뚨,떫쫇뛔릫릲닟뗄퓘쳥,뻍쿱폃튻냑놾짭뿌뛈쒣뫽뗄돟ퟓ좥닢솿헾닟뗄램풴랶캧죔좻쎻폐탎돉웕뇩릲쪶,평듋룷훝컯욷뗄뎤뛈튻퇹쇮죋늻뿉ힽ쏾ꆣ룼캪늻샻뗄쟩뿶뛔샍뚯헟놣뮤돌뛈룷폐늻춬ꆣ쫇,헢뿉쓜떼훂램풺뛔릫릲헾닟뷸탐맽럖뗄삩듳뷢1.랴뛔좷뚨릫릲헾닟램풴뗄훷맛뮯뇪ힼꆡ뛔쫍,돶쿖쮾램맽돌훐ퟔ평닃솿좨뗄샄폃ꆣ퓚쫊폃릫74
뫺솢럥:쏀맺샍뚯램짏맍폃ퟔ평풭퓲뗄릫릲헾닟샽췢:탎돉ꆢ쪵볹폫랴쮼릲헾닟샽췢뗄맽돌훐,램맙뗄쮾램쓜뚯탔쫇쪵쿖뻟햹뗄짧믡뎱쇷ꆣ쳥낸쟩뫍뿍맛릫릲헾닟솴뷓뗄뇘튪쟾뗀,떫쫇죧맻듓쒿뗄싛돶랢뷧뚨릫릲헾닟램풴,튪쟳릫릲헾쯼뗄ퟷ폃뎬돶쇋웤ퟮ돵뗄릦쓜쒿뗄,붫훷맛틜뛏뗄닟램풴쫇솢램탔뗄ꆣ뛸럇솢램탔뗄릫릲헾닟램풴릫릲헾닟뢶훮쮾램쪵볹,붫뿉쓜떼훂뢺쏦뗄뷡맻ꆣ평폚컞램좷뚨웤ퟔ짭뗄뇟뷧뫍쓚죝,쓑틔ퟷ캪쇮죋2.틔릫릲헾닟샽췢뗄쫊폃쒿뇪좷뚨릫릲헾닟탅럾뗄뇪ힼ늢돉캪에뛏늻떱뷢맍낸볾뗄틀뻝ꆣ뗄램풴ꆡ캪쇋쪵쿖릫릲헾닟뫋탄쓚몭뗄좷뚨탔,램3.삩헅릫릲헾닟샽췢쫊폃뗄뿉쓜탔ꆡ쏀맺폐풺펦룃뛔릫릲헾닟샽췢뗄랶캧뷸탐쿞쯵,뇜쏢뛔릫킩훝램풺닉폃럇솢램탔램풴살쪶뇰릫릲헾닟틑뺭릲헾닟뗄램풴뷸탐컞쿞랢즢ꆣ쯤좻좷뚨릫릲헾닟떼훂헹틩ꆣ평폚릫릲헾닟샽췢뗄쒣뫽탔,폐킩램풺뗄램풴쯆뫵뇈뷏삧쓑,떫컒쏇뿉틔짨뚨좷뚨릫릲헾붫랢햹샽췢뗄죎컱쇴룸솢램믺맘ꆣ떫쫇,뷶뷶틲캪닟샽췢뗄믹ힼꆣ퓚짨뚨뗄쪱뫲,펦룹뻝쫊폃릫릲헾솢램믺맘쎻폐뛔릫릲헾닟뷸탐뇭쫶,뻍럱뚨릫릲헾닟샽췢쯹튪듯떽뗄쒿뇪ꆪꆪꆪ쪵쿖맍훷ꆢ풱릤뫍짧믡닟샽췢,뿉쓜ퟮ훕럱뚨풱릤뗄쯟틲[17]1033,쯆뫵뛔풱죽헟샻틦뗄욽뫢ꆪꆪꆪ살볓틔좷뚨ꆣ릤뗄놣뮤늻릻떽캻ꆣ틲듋,탨튪욽뫢릫릲헾닟샽췢뗚튻,듓맍훷샻틦뗄뷇뛈뛸퇔,룹뻝쏷좷뗄릫쫊폃맽돌훐웤램풴랶캧뫍샍뚯헟좨샻놣뮤뗄맘쾵ꆣ릲헾닟램풴,맍훷뿉틔뛔웤탐캪뷸탐풤닢,에뛏웤듓쒿뗄싛돶랢뛔릫릲헾닟램풴뗄뷧뚨,욽뫢쇋뷢맍쫇럱캥랴릫릲헾닟ꆣ춬쪱,평폚쫊폃릫릲헾닟돉컄램맦뚨폫램맙닃솿좨뗄맘쾵,폐샻폚캬뮤쮾램샽췢튪쟳풱릤횤쏷릫릲헾닟뗄좷뚨살풴,뿉틔틖훆맽돌뗄킧싊뫍좨췾,좷솢뫏샭뗄샻틦룱뻖ꆣ떫헢춬쓇킩좱랦헽떱샭평쳡웰쯟쯏뗄풱릤뷸탐컞택횹뗄쪱뿉쓜틽랢죋쏇뛔웤맽럖쿞훆릫릲헾닟램풴ꆢ떼훂쯟쯏,릹돉뛔맍훷뗄늻떱쟖죅,틲듋,맍훷뿉틔복짙샍뚯헟좨샻놣뮤늻ퟣ뗄훊틉ꆣ뇊헟죏캪,듓쒿뗄돶쓋훁뇜쏢늻뇘튪뗄쯟쯏돉놾뗄횧돶,캬뮤ퟔ짭뗄뫏랢뛔릫릲헾닟램풴뗄뷧뚨늻쫇붩뮯뗄,죔좻듦퓚뷸램좨틦ꆣ튻늽랢햹뗄폠뗘,뿉틔틲쏀맺쇩믮뗄쮾램쳥훆뛸뗃뗚뛾,듓풱릤샻틦뗄뷇뛈뛸퇔,튪쟳쳡릩훆뚨떽삩헅ꆣ뻍쏀맺쮾램쳥훆뛸퇔,쯤좻돉컄램뛔릫릲램ꆢ쿜램믲탐헾램맦훐뛔릫릲헾닟뗄쏷좷맦뚨,튲헾닟뷸탐쇋맦뚨,떫램맙죔좻뿉틔룹뻝뻟쳥낸쟩뛔춨맽캪풱릤쳡릩릤ퟷ놣헏뛸쳡짽쇋쯻쏇뗄샻틦ꆣ램싉맦뚨뷸탐뷢쫍ꆣ틲캪퓚웕춨램쾵맺볒,ꆰ돉컄틲캪,룹뻝쏷컄맦뚨뗄릫릲헾닟,맍훷퓙튲늻쓜믹램탨튪퓚쮾램믮뚯훐평램맙뷢쫍닅쓜쫊폃,짵훁벫폚풱릤뻜뻸듓쫂럇램탐캪,믲헟탐쪹훆뚨램믲쿜램뛋뗘쮵,램맙냑튻냣탔뗄램싉맦뚨쫊폃폚쳘쫢탔뗄짏뗄좨샻,믲헟싄탐램싉튪쟳뗄틥컱뗈샭평뛸뛔쯻낸볾쫂쪵뗄맽돌,놾살뻍쫇램싉뷢쫍뗄맽돌ꆣꆱ쏇뷸탐뷢맍ꆣ럱퓲,풱릤뻍펵폐뫏램뗄쯟틲,춨맽[28]퓚듦퓚릫릲헾닟샽췢쿈샽뗄뎡뫏,뻍릫릲헾닟뗄웰쯟맍훷뗄뷢맍탐캪믱뗃램싉뻈볃ꆣ램풴,ꆰ램맙뿉틔춨맽쟸뇰뗄벼쫵,뛔웤뷸탐삩듳믲뗚죽,듓짧믡샻틦뷇뛈뛸퇔,짧믡튲듓욽뫢맍쿞훆탔뷢쫍,듓뛸랢햹쿈샽훐뗄맦퓲ꆱ[29]ꆣ틲듋,듓훷뫍풱릤횮볤뗄샻틦틔벰놣뮤믹놾릫릲헾닟횮훐쒿뗄싛돶랢뗄릫릲헾닟램풴뷧뚨늢늻릹돉죕뫳삩믱틦ꆣ춨맽쏷좷릫릲헾닟램풴,샍쮫랽떱쫂죋튲듳뷢쫍뗄헏낭ꆣ뚼쏷좷쇋쯻쏇뗄틥컱뫍퓰죎,늢쟒쯻쏇뚼늻폃떣탄쫜떽뛔랽놨뢴믲늻떱쯟쯏뗄쟖죅,폐훺폚쪵쿖짧믡ꆡꆡ컥ꆢ뷡폯짺믮훐샍맘쾵뗄뫍킳폫컈뚨ꆣ튪쟳튻쿮훆뚨램ꆢ쿜램믲탐헾램맦훐뛔릫릲헾닟뗄쏷좷맦뚨,쪹뗃에ꆡꆡ퓚쿖듺짧믡훐,헾뢮틔릫릲샻틦캪쒿뇪뛔뺭볃뛏늻떱뷢맍뗄뇪ힼ룼틗폚샭뷢뫍냑컕,쯼쫇럻뫏맍뫍짧믡뷸탐맣랺뗄룉풤,춨맽훆뚨뫍쪵쪩릫릲헾닟훷뫍풱릤쮫랽뗄뫏샭풤웚뗄춾뺶ꆣ춨맽좷뚨샍살뷢뻶짧믡컊쳢,쏖늹쫐뎡좱쿝,ힷ쟳릫릲샻틦뗄볤뫏샭뗄좨샻틥컱뇟뷧,퓚램싉뿲볜쓚쪵쿖샍짮ퟮ듳뮯ꆣ틔릫릲헾닟룉풤맍훷늻떱뷢맍탐캪,쫇릫죫뫏ퟷ,틑뺭돉캪쪵쿖릫릲샻틦뫍듙뷸릫릲샻틦랢릲헾닟뷃헽짧믡컊쳢뗄랴펳ꆣ뷢맍늻뷶짦벰캢맛75
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