훐맺탐헾맜샭ꆡ2001쓪뗚9웚ZHONGGUOXINGZHENGGUANLIZHONGGUOXINGZHENGGUANLIZHONGGUOXINGZHENGGUANLIZHONGGUOXINGZHENGGUANLIZHONGGUOXINGZHENGGUANLIZHONGGUOXINGZHENGGUANLIZHONGG릫릲탐헾톧뺭퇩퇐뺿랽램싛벰웤늽훨TheEmpiricalResearchMethodologyofPublicAdministrationandItsSteps헅쏎훐ꆡ(쏀)십뿋ꆤ믴헜(MarcHolzer)ꆡꆡ쏀맺톧헟컷쏉(Simon,1978)쳡돶뺭퇩퇐뺿뗄15뛸싛뗀ꆣ룶늽훨,뛤뇌(Doby,1954)뗈죋쳡돶뿆톧퇐뺿뗄12룶3.룣쟥돾쿮쒿뗄쒿뗄ꆣ늽훨ꆣ쿂쏦,룹뻝컒쏇뗄샭뷢늢뷡뫏컷쏉뗈톧헟뗄퇐캪쪲쎴쓣쿫횪뗀쓣쯹퇐뺿컊쳢뗄듰낸쓘?쓣뗄퇐뺿,쳡돶릫릲탐헾톧뺭퇩퇐뺿뗄16룶늽훨:뺿돉맻믡놻쮭쪹폃?퇐뺿뗄쒿뗄뛔폚죧뫎듓쫂룃퇐뺿1.랢쿖튻룶솼뫃뗄퇐뺿컊쳢ꆣ틠쫇훁맘훘튪뗄ꆣ죧맻쓣뗄퇐뺿쫴폚뒿톧쫵샭싛퇐뺿,솼뫃뗄퇐뺿컊쳢횵뗃쓣뮯쪱볤ꆢ뺫솦ꆢ뷰잮벰웤쯼헢뻍폐듽폚쯻죋횤쪵믲횤캱ꆣ죧맻쓣뗄퇐뺿쫇캪헾뢮풴ꆣ떱좻,퇐뺿뗄쳢쒿펦떱쫇볈훘튪,춬쪱폖쫇쓣룐믺릹룄룯ꆢ릫컱풱훆뛈믲웤쯼헾뢮쿮쒿쳡릩톯,쓣퇐탋좤뗄쇬폲ꆣ돵듎짦벰릫릲탐헾퇐뺿뗄톧짺췹췹튪컊뺿뗄뷡맻뻍믡뛔헾뢮믲릫릲늿쏅뗄쪵볹닺짺벫듳뗄쿖ꆰ컒펦떱퇐뺿쪲쎴쳢쒿?컒뗄퇐뺿쮼슷듓뫎뛸살?ꆱ볲퇔쪵펰쿬ꆣ횮,퇐뺿뗄쳢쒿뿉풴폚컥룶쟾뗀:(1)듓릫릲탐헾톧뗄4.뻶뚨퇐뺿뗄볛횵ꆣ쿠맘컄쿗훐뛁헟뿉틔횪뗀룃쇬폲뗄죈뗣뫍탨튪퇐뺿뗄퇐뺿헟뚼쾣췻ퟔ벺뗄퇐뺿폐볛횵ꆢ폐틢틥ꆣ떫늻춬훷튪컊쳢;(2)쓣룐탋좤뗄ퟜ뗄퇐뺿쇬폲,뇈죧릫릲헾뗄퇐뺿쿮쒿웤뺭볃ꆢ짧믡볛횵춨뎣쫇늻뺡쿠춬뗄ꆣ퇐뺿닟ꆢ릫컱풱훆뛈ꆢ릫릲늿쏅튵벨움맀ꆢ쇬떼틕쫵ꆢ릫릲맘럖솽듳샠,튻쫇폐톧쫵볛횵믲샭싛볛횵,뛾쫇폐쿖쪵틢쾵ꆢ탐헾룄룯ꆢퟩ횯탐캪톧ꆢ뗘랽헾뢮뗈뗈;(3)짧믡컊틥,벴뛔릫릲늿쏅뗄쪵볹폐톯ꆢ횸떼ퟷ폃ꆣ붫뿉릩퇐쳢뗄쪶뇰ꆣ뇈죧훐맺헾뢮1998쓪뗄믺릹룄룯,떱잰뗄뺿뗄쿮쒿뷸탐뇈뷏,폐뇈뷏닅횪뗀폅쇓ꆢ뫃뮵ꆣ튪힢틢랴뢯냜뗈;(4)웤쯻죋뗄붨틩ꆣ뛔폚톧짺살쮵,떼쪦뗄닎뇜쏢솽훖쟣쿲,볈늻튪볬쇋횥싩뚪쇋컷맏,폖늻튪첰듳뾼폈웤훘튪,헢늻뷶쫇돶폚떼쪦뛠쓪퇐뺿믽샛뗄훇믛,쟳좫ꆢ좥듓쫂솦쯹늻벰믲쳵볾늻돉쫬뗄퇐뺿ꆣ룼평폚떼쪦뗄뿎쳢뺭뎣폐뺭럑횧돖ꆣ훐맺톧헟틠뿉닎5.뛔퇐뺿뗄컊쳢폐춸뎹뗄쇋뷢ꆣ뾼훐맺탐헾맜샭톧믡쎿쓪돶뗄퇐뺿뿎쳢믲룷룶늿캯죧뛔쓣쯹튪톧쾰ꆢ퇐뺿뗄컊쳢놳뺰폐뷏뿭삫뫍짮죫맺볒뷌캯쳡돶뗄퇐뺿뿎쳢ꆣ(5)퓚ퟶ뇰뗄퇐뺿쪱,쯹랢뗘쇋뷢,폈웤쫇뛔쯹튪퇐뺿컊쳢뗄틲맻맘쾵폐뷏짮죫쿖뗄퇐뺿뿎쳢ꆣ뗘톧쾰뫍헆컕ꆣ뮳쳘(Whyte,1961)퓚ꆶ뷖뗀뷇실짧믡:2.톯컊ꆰ컒쿫랢쿖쪲쎴?ꆱ튻룶틢듳샻욶쏱뿟뗄짧믡뷡릹ꆷ튻쫩훐룦쯟쇋뛁헟쯻컞싛쓣퇐뺿컊쳢뗄샠탍믲ퟮ훕닉쓉쇋쪲쎴퇹뗄퇐돁뷾퓚뻟쳥뎡뺰훐뗄훘튪탔:뺿랽램,쓣뗄뺭퇩릤ퟷ뇘탫쪼폚튻룶뺭짮쮼쫬싇뗄퇐컒쏇퓚ퟶ퇐뺿뗄맛쓮횻쫇뛔쫂쪵ퟐ쾸욽뫢뗄늿럖뺿컊쳢ꆣ쓣뇘탫헒돶쓣쿫튪랢쿖쪲쎴ꆣ쓣튪컊ퟔ벺:컒싟벭닺컯ꆣ컒쏇춨뎣뛔컊쳢뗄쮼쯷늢늻쫇횱쿟쪽뗄ꆣ컒탨튪믱뗃쪲쎴퇹뗄탅쾢?컒쿫튪믘듰뗄컊쳢뺿뺹쫇쪲쏇뎣뎣놻튻듳뛑쇏룣뗃퓎춷쿲ꆣ컒쏇ퟐ쾸뗘퇐뺿쎴?틔1998쓪훐맺믺릹룄룯캪샽ꆣ컒쏇ퟮ돵룐탋좤뗄쇏,붫컒쏇뗄싟벭쓜솦뗷뚯웰살좥퇐뺿쯻쏇ꆣ죧듋,컊쳢뿉쓜쫇,헢듎헾뢮믺릹룄룯쫇럱쓜좡뗃풤쿫뗄돉컒쏇닺짺쇋튻킩쿫램ꆣ좻뛸,쇏늢늻틔솬맡뗄랽쪽돊릦?죧맻컒쏇틔50%뗄뺫볲죋풱쒿뇪캪닎뾼횸뇪,퓚훐쿗퓚컒쏇쏦잰ꆣ좻뫳,컒쏇ꆰ믮뮯ꆱ쇏ꆪꆪ폫죋쿠뒦퇫ꆢ쪡ꆢ쫐ꆢ쿘쫇럱쓜퓚풤뚨쪱볤좡뗃풤뚨돉벨,뾼싇떽ꆪꆪ횱떽쇏뇤뗃짺뚯ꆢ쮵쏷쒳룶컊쳢,컒쏇뻍랢쿖쇋틔췹믺릹룄룯뗄랴뢴?퓚훐퇫늿캯헢튻닣듎,컒쏇뿉틔틔잰쎻폐힢틢떽뗄(짧믡컄뮯뗄)쳘폐탎쪽ꆣ헢훖쳘폐럖컶룄룯뗄뚯솦뫍ퟨ솦,램싉뗄틲쯘ꆢ뺭럑뗄틲쯘ꆢ죋탎쪽늢럇죋캪훆퓬돶살뗄ꆣ튻떩컒쏇뾴떽쇋헢훖탎쪽,쫂뗄틲쯘ꆢ짧믡놣헏뗄틲쯘뗈뚼뿉틔뾼싇떽ꆣퟔ좻,훐컒쏇뇘탫훘탂볬닩뇊볇,믲헟컒쏇붫뾪쪼쫕벯탂뗄퇫늿캯룄룯뗄돉냜늢늻튻뚨풤쪾뗘랽헾뢮룄룯뗄돉쇏틔뻶뚨헢훖쳘폐탎쪽쫇럱ퟣ틔듺뇭컒쏇쯹맛달죋쏇냜,틲캪뮷뺳늻튻퇹,쟩뿶튲늻춬ꆣ훐맺탐헾맜샭톧믡뗄짺믮,틠믲헢훖(짧믡컄뮯뗄)쳘폐탎쪽뷶뷶쫇컒쏇뿎쳢ퟩꆰ맘폚쪮룶캯늿뻖믺릹룄룯폫죋풱럖쇷뗄뗷닩듳쓔쿫쿳뗄닺컯[뮳쳘(Whyte),1961쓪,뗚279,280놨룦ꆱ(1999)쫇뺭퇩쪽퇐뺿뷏뫃뗄뎢쫔,뛸늻뷶뷶쫇ퟸ튳]ꆣ38
릫릲탐헾톧퇐뺿랽램싛ZHONGGUOXINGZHENGGUANLIZHONGGUOXINGZHENGGUANLIZHONGGUOXINGZHENGGUANLIZHONGGUOXINGZHENGGUANLIZHONGGUOXINGZHENGGUANLIZHONGGUOXINGZHENGGUANLIZHONGGꆡꆡ6.컄쿗쫶움(LiteratureReview)ꆣX3=뺫볲죋풱좥쿲(쫇럱폐ퟣ릻뗄ꆢ쳵볾쫊떱뗄뷓컄쿗쫶움쫇릫릲탐헾톧뺭퇩쪽퇐뺿싛컄뗄늻뿉믲쫕떥캻?)좱뗄훘튪ퟩ돉늿럖ꆣ폐쿠떱뗄싛컄붫컄쿗쫶움ퟷ캪뛀X4=뺫볲죋풱뢣샻듽폶(짧믡놣헏췸쫇럱붡좫?)솢뗄튻듳늿럖ꆣ웤쯼싛컄튲퓚쿠맘늿럖닻쫶쿖폐쿠맘X5=헾뢮믺릹룄룯뺫볲죋풱쫇럱폐쏷좷뗄램싉쳵컄쿗뗄뺫쯨ꆣퟷ캪퇐뺿,짏쏦쯹첸ꆰ뛔퇐뺿뗄컊쳢폐춸컄뿉틀?뎹뗄쇋뷢ꆱ룼뛠뗘닠훘폚뛔튪퇐뺿컊쳢뗄쫂쪵폐헦쪵X6=횴램뗄퇏쯠탔뗄쇋뷢뫍냑컕,뛸컄쿗쫶움쫇뛔쯻죋쯹ퟶ뗄퇐뺿틔벰X7=헾뢮믺릹룄룯뺫볲죋풱쫇럱폐쏷좷뗄풤쯣뿘쿖폐뗄횪쪶폐뷏좫쏦뫍짮죫뗄샭뷢ꆣퟶ뿆톧퇐뺿,뻍뫃훆쫖뛎(쫇럱폐풤쯣췢뗄슩뚴)?뇈탞뷰ퟖ쯾,훚뛠뗄뿆퇐릤ퟷ헟틑뺭탞뫃쇋쯾믹뫍뿭ꆤ삫뗄쯾뗗,쓣쯹튪ퟶ뗄릤ퟷ쫇햾퓚잰죋뗄쯾뗗짏릹훾ꆤ쯾볢ꆣ쓣퓚쒳튻룐탋좤뗄쇬폲쓚쯹ퟶ뗄짮죫퇐뺿뻍쫇ꆤ룃쇬폲뗄ꆰ뷰ퟖ쯾쯾볢ꆱꆣ9.볆쯣뺫좷탔뗄틦뒦뫍컳닮뗄돉놾ꆣ7.붨솢샭싛쒣탍ꆣ뛔뺫좷탔볛횵뗄맀볆믡펰쿬떽퇐뺿뗄랶캧뫍짮붨솢샭싛쒣탍,쫗쿈쫇붨솢볙짨믲볙쮵ꆣ퓚쎻폐뗃뛈ꆣ뇈죧,돩퇹뗄쫽쒿ꆣ뻶뚨뺺톡쏀맺ퟜ춳뗄믱쪤헟쫇떽뺭퇩쫽뻝볬퇩횮잰,컒쏇횻쓜퓝쪱돆웤캪볙짨믲볙죧듋뗄훘튪틔훂쎿캻뫏룱톡쏱뗄춶욱뻹놻볆쯣퓚쓚;쮵ꆣ떱뗃떽쿨쪵ꆢ뿉뾿쇏뗄횤쪵,컒쏇뿉틔돆웤캪샭튻룶킡헲퓚뛀솢죕튪럅쪲쎴욷훖뗄뇞엚,헲뎤뿉쓜횻싛ꆣ컒쏇붨솢뗄샭싛,췹췹폐듽폚쯻죋횤쪵믲횤캱ꆣ쪲탨튪컊컊ퟔ벺뗄ퟓ얮뫍쇚볒뗄몢ퟓ(Simon,1978:104)쎴쫇샭싛?쯹캽샭싛,볲퇔횮,뻍쫇튻룶믲튻ퟩ쿠맘룅10.뻶뚨퇐뺿뗄ퟮ듳헏낭ꆣ쓮뿉틔뷢쫍쇭튻쿖쿳,벴듦퓚틲맻맘쾵ꆣ죧맻컒쏇쳡돶짧믡짺믮췹췹쫇뇤뮯뗄ꆢ쒣뫽뗄ꆢ늻뿉풤횪뗄ꆣ폐뗄ꆰ룟킽뿉틔퇸솮,ꆱ쓇쎴ꆰ룟킽ꆱ쫇틲,ꆰ퇸솮ꆱ쫇맻ꆣ헢샯,컊쳢,평폚뒫춳뫍쾰쯗뗄풵맊,놻럃컊헟늻튻뚨풸틢뫏컒쏇탨튪횸돶뗄쫇,룟킽뿉틔퇸솮퓧뻍폐죋쳡돶,틲뛸ퟷꆣ뇈죧,맘폚ꆰ탔ꆱ뗄컊쳢,놻럃헟캴뇘풸틢믘듰ꆣ퓚릫늻쫇컒쏇뗄샭싛,뗚뛾,룟킽쫇럱헦쓜퇸솮퓚톧쫵뷧폐릲탐헾쇬폲,헅돉뢣뷌쫚퓧퓚1993쓪뻍횸돶,훐맺톧헟뫜듳헹틩,쿞폚욪럹,퓚듋컒쏇늻ퟷ움틩ꆣ튻훖샭싛죏뫜쓑듓헾뢮뗃떽쯹탨뗄퇐뺿닄쇏(헅돉뢣,1993)ꆣ뷱쳬,캪,웸컂뗄룟뗍폫뇹맷쿺솿뗄뛠맑돉헽뇈ꆣ죧맻헢쫇훐맺뗄헾컱릫뾪틑폐쇋뫜듳돌뛈뗄쳡룟(맹볃,2001),ꆰ샭싛ꆱ,틲웤퓧틑돉캪죋쏇뗄뎣쪶뛸쎻폐쪲쎴샭싛뒴췸짏헾뢮튲퓚튻쳬쳬뇤돉쿖쪵(훜맢믔뗈,2001;뷰첫뻼탂즫닊ꆣ떫웤뷒쪾뗄틲맻맘쾵좴틗폚놻듳훚뷓쫜ꆣ뗈;2001;횣쫯듥;2001)ꆣ헢킩,뻹캪훐맺톧헟듓쫂뺭퇩8.톡퓱뺭퇩뇤솿ꆣ쪽퇐뺿쳡릩쇋쳵볾ꆣ헢늢늻쫇쮵훐맺뗄릫릲탐헾톧헟퇐퓚헢튻뷗뛎,컊쳢뗄퇐뺿헟폫쫂쪵뗄쫕벯헟뿉틔뺿컊쳢뻍쎻폐헏낭,뛸쫇튪뾼싇떽뒫춳쾰쯗ꆢ짧믡틲쯘ꆢ쟸럖뾪살ꆣ룐탋좤뗄맛뗣뮯캪뺭퇩퇐뺿컊쳢ꆣ뷌쫚뗄죋풱뺭럑뗈뛠랽쏦뗄ퟨ솦폫쿖쪵쳵볾ꆣ튻쿮훘튪횰쓜쫇룦뷫믲맦좰톧짺붫퇐뺿컊쳢뗄랶캧쯵11.톡퓱퇐뺿랽램ꆣ킡떽뿉틔맜샭뗄맦쒣ꆣ죧듋,톧짺뿉퓚폐쿞뗄쪱볤쓚췪릫릲탐헾톧헟탨튪톡좡ퟮ캪뺭볃ꆢ킧싊뫍킧틦룟돉룃쿮퇐뺿ꆣ죴폐쿂쏦퇐뺿뿎쳢:1)훐맺헾뢮믺릹룄룯뗄퇐뺿랽램ꆣ튪뾼싇떽쯹폐뿉쓜뗄퇐뺿랽램뫍쯼쏇뗄ퟨ솦퇐뺿;2)훐맺S쪡헾뢮믺릹룄룯ퟨ솦퇐뺿;3)훐맺ퟩ뫏ꆣ헢붫쫇톯컊ꆰ컒죧뫎쫕벯쯹탨탅쾢뗄쪱뫲ꆱ쇋ꆣS쪡H뗘쟸헾뢮믺릹룄룯ퟨ솦퇐뺿ꆣ컒쏇죏캪뗚죽룶뛔컒살쮵,탐캪뿆톧볒늻펦떱헹싛쪲쎴쫇ꆰퟮ뫃뗄쳢쒿죝틗퇐뺿튻킩,틲캪잰솽룶쳢쒿첫듳,늻쫇튻ꆢ솽랽램ꆱ,뛸쫇펦룃샤뺲뗘뇈뷏룷훖랽램퓚뻟쳥뎡뺰훐뗄룶톧헟틔럇뎣폐쿞뗄뺭럑퓚뛌웚쓚쓜릻췪돉뗄ꆣ볈쪹샻뇗,틔벰뻟쳥뗄퇐뺿컊쳢ꆭ[샗쓉(Lerner),1959:뗚죽룶쳢쒿,튲탨튪뛔S쪡H뗘쟸쯹쾽룷쿘쫐헾뢮늿259\ꆣ]쏅뷸탐돩퇹뗷닩,뛔폐맘컊쳢뷸탐짮죫퇐뺿,닅쓜뗃돶컷쏉(Simon,1978:107)쳡릩쇋7쳵뇈뷏늻춬퇐뺿뿉뾿뗄뷡싛ꆣ붫퇐뺿컊쳢뮯캪릫쪽쫇뺭퇩쪽퇐뺿뗄랽램뗄붨틩:(1)퇐뺿랽램폫뷡맻뗄쿠맘탔죧뫎?쪵퇩훘튪늽훨ꆣ릫쪽맘쾵뿉틔뇭듯캪:췹췹뗃떽뿉뾿뗄뷡맻,떫뻖늿쪵퇩쯹뗃뷡맻좴캴뇘쓜y=f(x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7,ꆭ)췢퇓훁쓣룐탋좤뗄좺쳥;(2)뗃돶뗄퇐뺿뷡싛쫇럱쟥웤훐,y캪틲뇤솿,x캪ퟔ뇤솿ꆣ컺ꆢힼ좷?춨맽뗷닩컊뻭캴뇘탫쓜뗃떽컼퇌폫붡뾵뗄뿉y=훐맺S쪡H뗘쟸쿘쫐벶헾뢮믺릹룄룯뺫볲죋뾿맘쾵;(3)퓋폃쒳튻랽램뗄돉놾죧뫎?(4)룃랽램뗄ힼ풱ퟨ솦좷탔죧뫎?(5)퓋폃룃랽램탨튪뛠뎤쪱볤뗃떽뷡맻?X1=뺫볲죋풱놾죋늻뫏ퟷ(6)쫇럱폐뇘탨뗄죋풱뫍짨놸?(7)룃랽램쫇럱캥놳뗀X2=뺫볲죋풱맘쾵췸뗄펰쿬(킴쳵ퟓꆢ듲뗧뮰쮵쟩뗂?ퟜ횮,뛠훖랽램뗄ퟩ뫏뿉쓜뗃떽뇈튻훖랽램룼캪뺭뗈)볃뫍킧맻룼병뗄듰낸ꆣ39
훐맺탐헾맜샭ꆡ2001쓪뗚9웚ZHONGGUOXINGZHENGGUANLIZHONGGUOXINGZHENGGUANLIZHONGGUOXINGZHENGGUANLIZHONGGUOXINGZHENGGUANLIZHONGGUOXINGZHENGGUANLIZHONGGUOXINGZHENGGUANLIZHONGGꆡꆡ12.볬닩쓣뗄퇐뺿뫍랽램쫇럱뗀뗂ꆣ[닎뾼컄쿗]뗀뗂뗄뇪ힼ쯦ퟅ쪱듺뗄뇤뮯뛸뇤뮯ꆣ떫쎿튻쪱웚,맹볃.헾뢮붨짨폫헾컱릫뾪퇐뺿.횪쪶돶냦짧..쎿튻쏱ퟥ뚼폐ퟔ벺뗄뗀뗂뇪ힼꆣ릫릲탐헾톧헟펦떱힢훐맺탐헾맜샭톧믡뿎쳢ퟩ.횴뇊죋:릨슻룹,쇵뚫컄,뫺틢웤퇐뺿컊쳢뫍랽램늻뿉폢풽뗀뗂뷧쿞,룼늻쓜뒥랸쿉횥.맘폚쪮룶캯늿뻖믺릹룄룯폫죋풱럖쇷뗄뗷닩놨룷벶헾뢮뗄램싉ꆢ램맦뫍룷쿮맦헂훆뛈ꆣ룦.훐맺탐헾맜샭..뛔퇐뺿랽램뗄쿪쾸짨볆ꆣ훜맢믔,훜킦쎷.뮥솪췸뛔맺볒뗄돥믷폫맺볒뗄믘펦.퓚쫕벯쇏잰,펦떱뛔쯹폃랽램ꆢ닉쓉늽훨뗄쎿튻헾훎톧퇐뺿.룶뮷뷚뷸탐짮쮼쫬싇ꆣ죧맻쓣뮹캴쓜죏헦뾼싇뻍뾪쪼뷰첫뻼,쪩듓쏀.싛헾뢮뗄췸짏퓰죎.헾훎톧퇐뺿.쫕벯쇏,쯹럑쪱볤뫍뺭럑뗄듺볛붫쫇룟낺뗄ꆣ뛔쯹닉.폃랽램뷸탐풤쿈닢쫔(pretest)늻쪧캪튻훖뫃뗄퇐뺿쾰횣쫯듥.뮥솪췸룸쏱훷듸살뗄믺폶폫쳴햽.헾훎톧퇐맟ꆣ뛔짨볆돶뗄뗷닩컊뻭헷톯엳폑ꆢ춬쫂믲쟗웝뗄틢볻뺿..췹췹믡폐튻뚨뗄쫕믱,뺡맜쯻쏇뛔쓣퇐뺿뗄튵쎻폐Babbie,뛠짙쇋뷢ꆣ퓚퇐뺿짨볆뷗뛎ퟷ돶뗄뻶닟믲톡퓱듸폐쯦.틢탔,틲뛸쟐늻뿉붩뮯ꆢ뷌쳵뗘죏캪헢훖뻶닟쫇캨튻뗄WadsworthPublishingCompany.ퟮ뫃톡퓱ꆣ늻뿉럢뇕웤쯼퇐뺿뗀슷ꆣ믦훆춼뇭닝춼틔웚Bertalanffy,,붫쫕벯쫽뻝쳮죫틠폐훺폚퇐뺿짨볆쾸뷚뗄쮼뾼ꆣYork:GeorgeBraziller,196714.쫕벯쇏ꆣDoby,뛔쫕벯떽뗄쇏튻뚨튪쯦쪱헻샭뫍럖샠맜샭ꆣ쫕.벯쇏뗄쪱볤뎣뎣뇈풤쿫뗄쪱볤튪뎤,튻킩뢴퓓뗄퇐Gondin,WilliamRichard,PrefacestoInquiry:AStudy뺿뿉쓜돉캪퇐뺿헟훕짺뗄쫂튵ꆣ좻뛸,톧짺캪췪돉뿎돌intheOriginsandRelevanceofModernTheoriesof뫍톧캻,뻍뇘탫뺭쫜힡쫕벯맽뛠쇏뗄폕믳ꆣ슩맽튻킩:King’.쾸뷚뛔쓣뗄퇐뺿믲탭쎻폐듳뗄럁몦ꆣ뛔횰튵뗄릫릲탐Holzer,MarcandZhang,Mengzhong."PAandPublic헾퇐뺿헟뛸퇔,퓚뿉쓜뗄쪱볤훜웚뫍뷰럑폃잰쳡쿂,PolicyEducationinChina.ꆱ.뮹쫇펦떱솦헹뺡짆뺡쏀ꆣLerner,Daniel."SocialScience:WhenceandWhither?"15.럖컶쇏ꆣinLerner(ed.).TheHumanMeaningoftheSocialSci2평폚폐샭싛뗄ힼ놸뫍횸떼,쇏럖컶릤ퟷ폐쪱돉:Meridan,1959,ꆫ42.캪쎻폐뒴퓬탔뗄뎣맦릤ퟷꆣ뺭뎣쫇폃쫽뻝볬퇩쳡돶뗄Simon,볙쮵ꆢ볙짨믲샭싛쒣탍ꆣ떫떱쇏늻컇뫏잰쏦쳡떽뗄볙ence:쮵쪱,뛔헢킩쇏뗄럖컶뻍쿔뗃폈캪훘튪,믲헟쫇쫕벯tion,.뗄쇏폐컊쳢,믲헟쫇샭싛볙쮵폐컊쳢ꆣ죴캪뫳헟,펦Sutherland,떱탞헽믲뗷헻샭싛쒣탍ꆣ죴캪잰헟,펦떱헒떽쇏돶닮듭뗄풭틲ꆣ죴쫇뇠퓬쫽뻝틔럻뫏샭싛볙쮵,뻍늻쫇뿆톧.퇐뺿,뛸쫇뗘뗘뗀뗀뗄웛욭탐캪쇋ꆣTrigg,.퇐뺿릤ퟷ뗄킴ퟷꆣBlackwellPublisherLtd.헢쫇릫릲탐헾뺭퇩퇐뺿뗄ퟮ뫳늽훨,튲쫇ퟮ훘튪Wang,Lefu."AProbeintoChina’sPublicAdministra2뗄튻늽ꆣ헢훖킴ퟷ,춨뎣쫇틔싛횤뗄탎쪽ꆣ컒쏇춨뎣쮵tionEducationandTheConstructionoftheSubjectof싛컄,뻍쫇튪싛횤ퟷ헟뗄맛뗣ꆢ샭싛ꆢ볙쮵믲볙짨ꆣ헢훖PublicAdministration."CHINESEPUBLICADMIN2헽쪽뗄싛컄킴ퟷ,돉캪뿆톧퇐뺿뗄틅닺믲뺫짱닆뢻뗄ISTRATIONREVIEW,튻늿럖쇴룸뫳살뗄첽톰헟ꆣ뛁헟뿉틔듓훐뗃횪쿖폐뗄Whyte,:TheSo2샭싛믲횪쪶ꆣ떱좻,캴살뗄퇐뺿헟뿉쓜믡틀뻝탂뗄쫂:Uni2쪵ꆢ쿖쿳뛸뛔쿖폐샭싛쳡돶쳴햽,붨솢탂뗄샭싛쒣탍ꆣversityofChicagoPress,1961.뇏뺹,뿆톧퇐뺿쫇쎻폐횹뺳뗄쫂튵,뒴탂쫇죋샠짧믡뷸Zhang,늽뗄뚯솦ꆣ&:.(퓰죎뇠벭ꆡ헅볒죋)40
