뗚23뻭뗚4웚놱뺩릤짌듳톧톧놨(ퟔ좻뿆톧냦)Vol123No142005쓪7퓂JournalofBeijingTechnologyandBusinessUniversity(NaturalScienceEdition)ꆡꆡ컄헂뇠뫅:167121513(2005)0420057205싛뿆톧퇐뺿뗄닣듎ꆪꆪ뿆톧퇐뺿맦싉첽쳖횮튻돂ꆡ뫩1,ꆡ쯯놦맺2,ꆡ쇵듎좫3(11뛅뿋듳톧,쏀맺NC27708;21놱뺩릤짌듳톧,놱뺩ꆡ100037;31훐뿆풺삥쏷뚯컯쯹,퓆쓏삥쏷ꆡ650091)햪ꆡ튪:퓚쪹폃뫍럖컶쇋듳솿뷼쿖듺뿆톧쪷쪵뗄믹뒡짏,횸돶뿆톧퇐뺿뿉틔럖캪뿆톧랢쿖ꆢ뿆벼랢쏷ꆢ뿆톧샭싛ꆢ뿆톧쒣탍뫍헜톧5룶닣듎Λ퓚럖컶쇋쎿룶닣듎뗄럖샠ꆢ쳘뗣ꆢ닺짺춾뺶뫍퓚뿆톧퇐뺿훐뗄뗘캻뫍ퟷ폃횮뫳,횸돶뿆톧퇐뺿뗄5룶닣듎쫇튻룶뛔퇐뺿뛔쿳뗄죏쪶훰붥짮뮯뗄맽돌Λ잰솽룶닣듎믘듰쇋ꆰ퓵쎴퇹ꆱ뗄컊쳢,뗚3ꆢ4룶닣듎믘듰쇋ꆰ캪쪲쎴ꆱ뗄컊쳢,뗚5룶닣듎쫇잰4룶닣듎뗄ퟜ뷡Λ떱잰뗄룟벼쫵몬솿뗄뿆톧퇐뺿탨튪뻞듳뗄춶죫,쯹틔뿆톧퇐뺿탨튪놾뷩죫,뛸놾뷩죫튲뇘좻룄뇤풭살틢틥뗄뿆톧퇐뺿Λ맘볼듊:뿆톧랢쿖;뿆벼랢쏷;뿆톧샭싛;뿆톧쒣탍;헜톧훐춼럖샠뫅:G304ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡ컄쿗뇪쪶싫:Aꆡꆡ퓚훐쫀볍컷랽쮼쿫뷧햼춳훎뗘캻뗄샭탔훷틥닺늻돐죏틲맻맘쾵뗄듦퓚,죏캪뿆톧횻쫇뺭퇩뗄맩쓉,짺폚맅쾣산헜톧볒퇇샯쮹뛠뗂(릫풪잰384ꆫ322컞램풤닢붫튪랢짺뗄쫂볾Λ쓪)뗄튻풪싛뗄쫀뷧맛Λ헢훖쫀뷧맛죏캪죋뗄샭훇뫍뷼듺뿆톧ꆢ쿖듺뿆톧뚼췑첥폚뿆톧쪵퇩Λ16쫀쮼쿫뿉틔뚴달폮훦췲컯뗄냂쏘,쫇뫢솿튻쟐헦샭뗄볍쿂냫튶,뷼듺뿆톧뾪쪼탋웰,솦톧ꆢ컯샭톧ꆢ뮯톧ꆢ뇪ힼΛ죋뿉틔춨맽ퟔ벺뗄쒬쿫,퓚샭훇훐짨솢듳잰짺컯톧뗈톧뿆뚼랢햹돶ퟔ벺뛀쳘뗄퇐뺿랽램,헢킩쳡,좻뫳틔듋췆퇝쿂좥,뗃돶맦싉,늢폃틔뷢쫍룷훖랽램냼삨쪵퇩ꆢ뷢웊뫍맛달뗈,춳돆캪뿆톧쪵퇩Λ뺭쫂컯,헢훖랽램돆캪ꆰ퇝틯램ꆱΛ듓맅쾣산떽훐쫀볍,맽죽냙뛠쓪쪵퇩쇏뗄믽샛ꆢ룷톧엉뗄ퟔ평헹싛ꆢꆰ퇝틯램ꆱ쫇퇐뺿뿆톧뗄훷튪랽램,쓇쪱뫲,죋쏇뷶힢쇏뗄좥캱듦헦,쪹죋샠뛔폚ퟔ좻뷧뗄죏쪶늻뛏짮뮯,훘샭탔쮼캬,좴뫶싔믲랴뛔뛔쫂컯뗄맛달럖컶Λ퓚샭훁19쫀볍짏냫튶,ퟔ좻뿆톧좡뗃쇋튻쾵쇐캰듳돉탔훷틥뗄쫸뢿쿂,틔쪵퇩ꆢ맛달캪훷뗄쿖듺뿆톧늻뿉뻍,놻폾캪19쫀볍뿆톧죽듳랢쿖뗄ꆰ쓜솿뮯ꆱꆢꆰ쾸쓜뗃떽랢햹Λ냻ꆱ뫍ꆰ뷸뮯싛ꆱ쪹죋샠뛔ퟔ좻맽돌쿠뮥솪쾵뗄죏쪶릫풪1543쓪,늨삼쳬컄톧볒룧냗쓡뗄ꆶ싛쳬쟲폐쇋뫜듳뗘쳡룟Λ20쫀볍훐튶틔뫳,뗧ퟓ볆쯣믺뗄뗄탽ꆷ튻쫩돶냦,붫쯻쳡돶뗄ꆰ죕탄쮵ꆱ릫훮폚쫀,돶쿖,쪹룷톧뿆퇐뺿뷡맻뗄뚨솿뒦샭돉캪뿉쓜,뿆톧틔뫳폖뗃떽?샻싔뫍뾪웕샕듓맛달훐뗃떽뗄쇏뗄쪵퇩뗄뛔쿳튲듓ꆰ떥튻쒿뇪ꆱ랢햹떽ꆰ쾵춳쒿뇪ꆱ,벴횧돖,췆랭쇋ꆰ뗘탄쮵ꆱΛ듓듋,뺭퇩훷틥뗄훎톧랽램퇐뺿뛔쿳뗄ퟩ돉풪쯘룼뛠,풪쯘횮볤뗄쿠뮥맘쾵룼뾪쪼돶쿖Λ뺭퇩훷틥잿뗷맛달뗄훘튪탔,퓚맛달뗄믹뢴퓓Λ듋쪱,ꆰ뿆톧쪵퇩ꆱ헢룶듊훰붥놻ꆰ뿆톧퇐뺿ꆱ쯹뒡짏쮼뾼ꆢ럖컶ꆢ랢쿖맦싉,헢훖랽램돆캪ꆰ맩쓉램ꆱΛ듺쳦(떱좻,ꆰ뿆톧쪵퇩ꆱ죔폐뫜듳뗄쪹폃욵싊)Λꆰ뿆뺭퇩훷틥헜톧뗄탋웰삭뾪쇋쿖듺뿆톧뗄탲쒻Λ떫폫톧쪵퇩ꆱ뫍ꆰ뿆톧퇐뺿ꆱ뗄쟸뇰퓚폚:듋춬쪱,튲듸살쇋뮳틉훷틥,횻쿠탅뺭퇩맽뗄뚫컷,1)쒿뇪믲뛔쿳뗄닮틬:뿆톧쪵퇩뗄쒿뗄컯캪맂쫕룥죕웚:20050401ퟷ헟볲뷩:돂ꆡ뫩(1943-),쓐,놱뺩죋,뷌쫚,늩쪿,훷튪듓쫂DNA춻뇤ꆢ뫋쯡튩컯ꆢ뎬쇙뷧CO2랽쏦뗄퇐뺿Ζ' 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
58놱뺩릤짌듳톧톧놨(ퟔ좻뿆톧냦)2005쓪7퓂ꆡ솢뗄룶쳥,뿆톧퇐뺿뗄쒿뗄컯캪좺쳥뫍쾵춳(냼삨볲뿆톧랢쿖튻냣늻놻횪쪶닺좨놣뮤,뿆톧랢쿖뗄떥쾵춳ꆢ뢴퓓쾵춳뫍뢴퓓뻞쾵춳);돉맻쫇좫죋샠릲폐뗄Λ좻뛸놾뗄뷩죫,쪹헢튻늻퇔2)쫖뛎뗄닮틬:뿆톧쪵퇩췹췹쪹폃놾톧뿆뗄뒫ퟔ쏷뗄컊쳢뢴퓓웰살,틲캪쒳튻뿆톧랢쿖뿉쓜퓌폽춳쫖뛎,뿆톧퇐뺿췹췹쪹폃룷톧뿆뗄퇐뺿랽램뫍벼ퟅ뻞듳뗄짌믺뫍뻞듳뗄킧틦,놾살ퟔ좻쿖쿳뫍ퟔ좻쫵쫖뛎(죧짧믡뿆톧뗄퇐뺿튲뾪쪼쪹폃ퟔ좻뿆톧뗄맦싉뗄랢쿖쫇좫죋샠뗄릫폐닆뢻,쿖퓚뿉쓜뇤돉쒳쫖뛎),틲듋붻닦뿆톧듳솿돶쿖;킩죋(믲벯췅)뗄쒱샻쫖뛎,틲듋뿆톧랢쿖뗄릫뾪뻍3)뷡싛뗄닮틬:뿆톧쪵퇩췹췹룸돶뗄쫇뚨솿뗄뇤뗃뇈뷏뷷짷쇋,튲뻍쫇쮵놾뗄뷩죫헽퓚룄뇤ퟅ뷡싛,뿆톧퇐뺿룸돶뗄쫇뚨탔뗄뷡싛;놾살틢틥짏뗄뿆톧랢쿖Λ4)쓚몬뫍췢퇓뗄닮틬:뿆톧퇐뺿냼몬뿆톧쪵죋샠믹틲ퟩ뗄닢탲돉릦,뻍쫇놾뷩죫뗄튻룶퇩,떫뿆톧쪵퇩늻췪좫몭룇뿆톧퇐뺿Λ샽ퟓΛ죋샠믹틲쫇튻훖ퟔ좻탎첬뗄컯훊,놾늻쫴폚횪떱잰,쫀뷧룷맺,폈웤쫇랢듯맺볒냑뻞듳뗄죋쪶닺좨놣뮤횮쇐,떫퓚DNA닢탲췪돉뫳(훐맺돐떣솦ꆢ컯솦ꆢ닆솦춶죫떽뿆톧퇐뺿짏,늢훆뚨돶룷훖벤쇋1%뗄닢탲죎컱),쏀맺돶폚짌튵샻틦뾼싇(뺡맜샸헾닟볓뿬뿆톧벼쫵쿲짺닺솦뗄뮯,틲듋,뿆톧퇐쒿잰쯼뗄짌튵볛횵죔쫇잱퓚뗄),짪쟫쇋듳솿샻,뺿틑뺭늻쫇뿆톧볒짙쫽죋퓚쪵퇩쫒뗄룶쳥탐캪,뛸웳춼냑죋샠믹틲ퟩ뗄퇐뺿돉맻슢뛏웰살,헢튻ퟶ램뇤돉헾뢮ꆢ놾ꆢ듳훚릲춬닎폫뗄짧믡탐캪Λ뿆톧퇐퓢떽룷맺뿆톧뷧뗄훊틉뫍랴뛔Λ뺿튲늻퓙쫇짙쫽죋룐탋좤뗄쫂튵,뛸뇤돉튻훖뺭볃폖죧쓉쏗캢짺컯쫇튻훖좫탂뗄짺컯탎첬,뺡맜킧틦뿉맛뗄닺튵,뿆톧퇐뺿뗄쒿뗄튲늻뷶뷶쫇ퟔ좻쒿잰뛔쯼쫇럱캪짺컯,쫇럱캪짺쏼뗄ퟮ풭쪼탎첬,쫇맦싉뗄랢쿖럱캪컞믺뷧폫짺컯뷧뗄맽뛉탎첬뗈뫜뛠컊쳢폐듽믘,뛸쫇냑뿆톧돉맻벼쫵뮯,뷸뛸닺튵뮯뫍짌욷뮯Λ랢햹훐맺볒평폚짧믡ꆢ뺭볃랢햹뗄탨튪듰,튻킩쏀맺짺컯벼쫵릫쮾뾴볻뿉쓜뗄펦폃잰뺰,뛔,췹췹냑폐쿞뗄죋솦뫍닆솦춶죫떽펦폃퇐뺿뛸늻쫇믹뒡퇐뺿뷸탐듳솿뗄럧쿕춶,뿉틔쿫쿳,웤퇐뺿돉맻튲퇐뺿뇘좻놻짌튵뮯Λ평폚떱잰뗄뿆톧퇐뺿탨튪뻞듳뗄춶,틲듋쪧좥쇋훘듳뿆톧랢쿖뗄믺믡,튲쪹펦폃퇐뺿틲좱짙죋닅뫍샭싛뗄횧독뛸뫳뺢늻ퟣΛ죫,쯹틔뿆톧퇐뺿탨튪놾뷩죫,뛸놾뷩죫튲뇘좻뿆톧퇐뺿폐쪲쎴맦싉?쯼뫍벼쫵뗄뷡뫏뗣퓚쓄룄뇤풭살틢틥뗄뿆톧퇐뺿Λ샯?짌튵틲쯘죧뫎펰쿬뿆톧퇐뺿?놾컄횼퓚럖컶뿆튻냣틢틥뗄뿆톧랢쿖뇘탫뻟폐훘쿖탔Λ헢탨튪톧퇐뺿닣듎뗄맽돌훐첽쳖헢킩쓚죝Λ뿆톧퇐뺿쫇튻뿆톧볒폐ퟣ릻뗄쓍탄좥훘뢴맛달뫍쪵퇩,뎹뗗룣쟥훖뛠닣듎뗄뷡릹쳥쾵Λ벸냙쓪살,뿆톧퇐뺿뗄쪵볹뇭돾쿖쿳(믲맦싉)닺짺뗄뮷뺳ꆢ쳵볾뫍뷡맻Λ헢뻍쫇헜쏷톧틢틥짏뗄ꆰ횤쪵ꆱ뫍ꆰ횤캱ꆱΛ뿆톧쪵퇩쫇ꆰ횤쪵ꆱ뫍,쯼훁짙뿉틔럖캪틔쿂벸룶닣듎,1)랢쿖뫍횤쪵ꆢ횤캱,2)랢쏷뫍벼쫵뒴탂,3)뿆톧샭싛뫍쫽톧ꆰ횤캱ꆱ뗄훘튪쫖뛎Λ뿆톧쪵퇩뗄헽뷡맻캪ꆰ횤쪵ꆱ;뿆,4)쒣탍뗄붨솢톧쪵퇩뗄뢺뷡맻캪ꆰ횤캱ꆱΛꆰ횤쪵ꆱ뫍ꆰ횤캱ꆱ퓚뿆톧,5)헜톧뗄쮼뾼Λ퇐뺿훐뗄ퟷ폃뚼쫇믽벫뗄Λ1ꆡ뿆톧랢쿖뫍횤쪵ꆢ횤캱퓧웚뗄뿆톧쪵퇩,췹췹쫇떥틲쯘쪵퇩,벴만뚨웤쯻틲쯘,횻퇐뺿쒳틲쯘뫍퇐뺿뛔쿳뗄쫽솿맘쾵ꆢ틲맻뿆톧랢쿖쫇뿆톧퇐뺿뗄뗚1닣듎Λ퓚뿆톧뷸죫맘쾵,웤랽램싛뗄믹뒡쫇:죏캪룷틲쯘쫇뛀솢뗄(쎻짧믡짺믮뗄퓧웚,뿆톧랢쿖햼훷떼뗘캻Λ헢훖랢쿖뿉폐붻뮥ퟷ폃),룷틲쯘뛔퇐뺿뛔쿳뗄ퟷ폃튲쫇뛀솢틔퓚쪵퇩쫒(쪵퇩)뗃떽,튲뿉틔퓚ퟔ좻뷧(맛달)뗃뗄Λ좻뛸쯦ퟅ퇐뺿뛔쿳뗄뢴퓓뮯,떥틲쯘뗄퇐뺿랽램떽Λ뿆톧랢쿖쫇횸ퟔ좻뷧풭놾듦퓚뗄쿖쿳뫍맦싉,평틑뺭컞램쫊펦헢훖퇐뺿Λ샽죧뛔뻭퇌쿣웸럧룱뫍뿚폚쪵퇩쫖뛎뗄뷸늽늻뛏놻뷒슶뫍ퟜ뷡돶살Λ헢훖쿖캶쳘헷뗄퇐뺿,쒿잰본뚨돶뗄퇌닝훐뗄3000뛠훖쿳뫍맦싉췹췹틔싛컄ꆢ놨룦ꆢ붲퇝뗈탎쪽쿲튵죋쪿뮯톧돉럖,퓚퇌닝좼징맽돌훐,닺짺쇋몬30000훖뫍짧믡듳훚릫뾪,뛸돉캪짧믡뗄ꆰ릫폐닆닺ꆱΛ뺡맜헢뮯톧돉럖뗄퇌웸,쯼쏇쫇ꆰ쿣웸럧룱뫍뿚캶쳘헷ꆱ뗄킩랢쿖뗄좡뗃탨튪뻞듳뗄죋솦ꆢ닆솦뗄쿻뫄,늢쟒쯦컯훊믹뒡,쯼쏇훐뗄죎뫎튻늿럖믲죎뫎튻룶틲쯘뚼ퟅ뿆톧뗄뷸늽,뿆톧랢쿖뗄돉놾튲풽살풽룟,떫쫇랢컞램쳦듺헻쳥뗄릦쓜,쿖듺뿆톧뗄퇐뺿돉맻뇭쏷,뢴쿖헟뫍춶헟뗄믘놨뷶뷶쫇죙폾탔뗄믲헟쫇춶죫뫍퓓쾵춳뗄냂쏘뫍맦싉살풴폚헻쳥뗄펿쿖탔,틲듋컒믘놨늻돉뇈샽뗄붱샸Λ쏇펦룃훘쫓헢훖헻쳥펿쿖탔퇐뺿,뢴퓓쾵춳뗄헻쳥' 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡ뗚23뻭뗚4웚돂ꆡ뫩뗈:싛뿆톧퇐뺿뗄닣듎ꆪꆪ뿆톧퇐뺿맦싉첽쳖횮튻59펿쿖탔횻폐춳볆틢틥,틲듋,뫍뺭뗤뗄뿆톧랢쿖뗄훘늻춬뗄쫇,뿆벼랢쏷뿉틔짪쟫횪쪶닺좨놣뮤,떫폐쪱쿖탔폐쯹쟸뇰Λ뛾햽뫳,뿆톧벼쫵뗄랢햹춻량쏍뷸,솽헟쎻폐쏷쿔뗄럖뷧Λ뻙샽살쮵,릤튵쪹폃뗄뻺훖죧틔쾵춳싛ꆢ탅쾢싛ꆢ뿘훆싛캪듺뇭뗄뛔듳쾵춳뗄ퟛ뫏맻쫇ퟔ좻뷧닉벯ꆢ즸톡뗄늻쓜짪쟫샻,쯼쫇튻훖ퟔ퇐뺿뗄샭싛뫍랽램뗄돶쿖틔벰듳맦쒣뗧ퟓ볆쯣믺뗄좻탎첬뗄컯쳥,뛸퓚랢뷍ꆢ훆튩릤튵뗄쪹폃뷶쫴폚뿆쪹폃캪뷼듺뿆톧벼쫵뗄랢햹쳡릩쇋잿듳뚯솦,튲캪톧랢쿖Λ떫죧맻룃뻺훖뺭맽죋릤폕뇤믲믹틲룄퓬뇤탂뗄뿆톧랢쿖쳡릩쇋잿폐솦뗄샭싛뫍쫖뛎뗄횧독Λ돉튻훪ꆰ릤돌뻺ꆱ,뻍뿉틔뗃떽샻놣뮤Λ뿆톧랢쿖횻믘듰쇋ꆰ퓵쎴퇹ꆱ뗄컊쳢,쎻폐믘듰뿆벼랢쏷쫇뿆톧퇐뺿ꆰ컯뮯ꆱ뗄튻훖탎첬Λꆰ캪쪲쎴ꆱ뗄컊쳢Λ믘듰ꆰ캪쪲쎴ꆱ탨튪믹뒡샭싛뚨싉Λ3ꆡ뿆톧샭싛뫍쒣탍2ꆡ뿆벼랢쏷뫍벼쫵뒴탂뿆톧샭싛(몬릤돌샭싛)쫇뿆톧퇐뺿뗄뗚3닣뿆톧뫍벼쫵쫇솽룶췪좫늻춬뗄룅쓮Λ뿆톧쫇죋듎Λ죧맻냑뿆톧랢쿖싞쇐웰살,뻍컞쯹캽뿆톧Λ죋쏇샠퓚퇐뺿ퟔ좻쿖쿳맽돌훐쯹릹퓬뗄튻쾵쇐샭싛쾵쫔춼냑ퟔ좻쿖쿳(냼삨뿆톧랢쿖)룅삨돶튻룶볲쏷뗄춳,틲듋쫴폚짧믡뗄틢쪶탎첬뫍뺫짱컄뮯Λ뛸벼쫵쫇맦싉,벴낮틲쮹첹쮵뗄틔ퟮ쫊떱뗄랽쪽뮭돶튻럹볲죋샠닙ퟝꆢ샻폃뫍룄퓬ퟔ좻뗄쪵볹쫖뛎,놾짭뻍쫇횱뮯뫍틗쇬컲뗄쫀뷧춼쿱뻍쫇뿆톧샭싛Λ뷓뗄짺닺솦풪쯘Λ뷼듺뿆톧벼쫵뗄랢햹맦싉뇭쏷:샭ퟔ좻뿆톧샭싛뿉틔춨맽퇝틯램뫍맩쓉램뗃떽Λ싛뿆톧췹췹ퟟ퓚벼쫵랢쏷잰쏦,짵훁뒴퓬벼쫵랢쏷Λ얣뛙솦톧뚨싉뗄붨솢쫇맩쓉램뗄뗤랶Λ컯샭ꆢ뮯톧뗈뿆톧벼쫵랢쏷(볲돆뿆벼랢쏷)뇭쏦뾴살쫇뿆톧퇐뺿쪵퇩뿆톧쪹폃뗄맩쓉램돆캪ꆰ늻췪좫맩쓉램ꆱ,횻폐뗄컯뮯탎첬,쫂쪵짏,퓚ꆰ컯뮯ꆱ횮잰,뫜뛠ꆰ룅쓮ꆱ쫗쫽톧맩쓉램닅쫇튻훖ꆰ췪좫맩쓉램ꆱΛퟔ좻뿆톧샭싛쿈놻죋쏇뒴퓬돶살:퓚헴웻믺ꆢ췻풶뺵ꆢ량믺ꆢ뗧쓔ꆢ붨솢뗄쇭튻룶랽램쫇퇝틯램Λ퇝틯램쫇퓚샭훇훐짨폮훦량뒬뮹쎻폐컊쫀횮잰,쯼쏇뗄룅쓮뻍놻랢쏷돶솢듳잰쳡,좻뫳틔듋췆퇝쿂좥,뛸뗃떽뷡싛Λ낮틲쮹살쇋Λ첹뗄쿠뛔싛뗄붨솢쫇퇝틯램뗄뗤랶Λ뿆벼랢쏷쫇뿆톧퇐뺿뗄뗚2닣듎Λ뷱쳬죋샠짺뿆톧샭싛췹췹폃쫽톧탎쪽볓틔뇭듯Λ풭퓲짏쿖믮뗄룷훖릤뻟ꆢ웷킵ꆢ뗧웷ꆢ볆쯣믺뗈뚼쫇뿆톧랢쏷듺쫽톧뗄튻쟐탎쪽(냼삨벸뫎춼탎ꆢ듺쫽뷡릹ꆢ췘웋뗄닺컯Λ뿆벼랢쏷폫놾뷡뫏쫇쿖듺웳튵뗄퓋ퟷ쒣뷡릹ꆢ럖컶뇭듯쪽뗈)뚼뿉틔뇭듯뿆톧샭싛Λ뿆톧샭쪽횮튻,튲쫇닺짺샻죳뗄훷튪쫖뛎Λ뿆벼랢쏷쫇죋샠싛(릫쪽ꆢ쫽뻝ꆢ춼뇭ꆢ컄ퟖ쏨쫶뗈)뗄붨솢쯤좻튲탨훷맛쓜뚯탔뗄닺컯Λ죧맻쮵뿆톧랢쿖쪹죋샠뛔ퟔ좻튪듳솿뗄춶죫뫍볨뿠뗄샍뚯,떫틲쯼쎻폐ꆰ컯뮯ꆱ뗄뷧뗄죏쪶늻뛏짮뮯,쓇쎴뿆벼랢쏷뛔죋샠컯훊컄쏷탎첬,쯹틔쎻폐횪쪶닺좨뗄놣뮤Λ뗄뷸늽폐ퟅ늻뿉맀솿뗄릱쿗Λ뿆톧샭싛뗄쇭튻훖뇭듯탎쪽쫇붨솢쒣탍Λ붨솢뿆벼랢쏷럖솽샠:튻샠쫇퓚뿆톧랢쿖뫍뿆톧샭쒣탍쫇뿆톧퇐뺿뗄뗚4룶닣듎Λ컯샭ꆢ뮯톧ꆢ짺컯ꆢ쳬싛(냼삨쿖쿳뫍맦싉)뗄믹뒡짏쪵쿖닺튵짏뗄펦폃Λ컄뗈톧뿆뚼퓸뺭붨솢뫍쪹폃쇋듳솿뗄쒣탍Λ헢킩쒣샽죧,1831쓪램삭뗚돉릦뗘췪돉쇋ꆰ듅짺뗧ꆱ쪵퇩,탍,폈웤쫇컯샭쒣탍뛔폚놾톧뿆뗄랢햹뚼웰쇋믽벫늢퓚뫳살좷솢뗄놻돆캪램삭뗚뗧듅룐펦뚨싉뗄쿖듺뗄췆뚯ퟷ폃,짵훁뿉틔쮵붨솢쒣탍뫍쪹폃쫽톧뗄돌뗧릤톧뗄믹뒡짏랢쏷쇋랢뗧믺뫍뗧뚯믺Λ뛈,쫇톧뿆쫇럱돉쫬뗄뇪횾Λ쫔쿫죧맻쎻폐DNA쮫쇭튻샠쫇듓ퟔ좻쿖쿳믲얼좻쫂볾훐뗃떽웴랢,식탽쒣탍,뻍늻믡닺짺뷱쳬뗄럖ퟓ짺컯톧ꆢ럖ퟓ틅뒫뺭맽짨볆룄뷸,헒떽펦폃쇬폲Λ샽죧1690쓪램맺죋톧뗈톧뿆Λ냍놾듓솶쳺뎧맣랺쪹폃뗄믮죻쪽럧쿤훐뗃떽웴랢,뿆톧쒣탍뿉틔럖캪4샠Λ벴뷡릹쒣탍ꆢ릹퓬쒣랢쏷쇋튻룶듸믮죻뗄웻룗,뗚튻듎붫웻룗ꆢ믮죻뷡릹탍ꆢ릦쓜쒣탍뫍볆쯣믺쒣탍,럖뇰폃폚뿆톧퇐뺿뫍릤뫍헴웻샤쓽탎돉헦뿕뗄풭샭퓋폃폚헴웻믺,캪틔뫳돌쒿뗄Λ쎿튻샠뮹뿉틔럖캪죴룉킡샠,볻춼1[1]Λ췟쳘쪵쿖헴웻믺뗄룯쏼(1784쓪)뾪뇙쇋뗀슷Λ뛔뿆톧퇐뺿폐훘튪펰쿬뗄쫇룅쓮쒣탍ꆢ풤닢쒣뿆톧퇐뺿뫍벼쫵뒴탂뗄뷡뫏뗣뻍쫇뿆벼랢쏷Λ탍뫍쫽톧쒣탍Λ컯샭톧훐뾨억ꆰ샭쿫죈믺쒣탍ꆱ,낮틲퓚뿆톧벼쫵룟뛈랢듯뗄뷱쳬,튻룶뿆벼랢쏷뗄닺짺쮹첹뗄ꆰ폮훦폐쿞컞뷧쒣탍ꆱ,뮯톧훐뗄ꆰ샭쿫웸쳥쒣췹췹탨튪뷰ꆢ죋솦ꆢ맜샭뗄듳솿춶죫Λ폫뿆톧랢쿖탍ꆱꆢꆰ뮯뫏볛쒣탍ꆱꆢꆰ풭ퟓ뷡릹쒣탍ꆱꆢꆰ럖ퟓ뷡릹쒣' 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
60놱뺩릤짌듳톧톧놨(ퟔ좻뿆톧냦)2005쓪7퓂ꆡ4ꆡ헜톧뗄쮼뾼헜톧쫇컯훊쫀뷧(ퟔ좻뷧뫍죋샠짧믡)퓋뚯맦싉뗄룟뛈ퟜ뷡Λ퓚ퟔ좻뿆톧쪷짏,뫜뛠폅탣뗄ퟔ좻뿆톧볒뛔ퟔ벺뗄뿆톧돉뻍뚼폐헜톧짏뗄ퟜ뷡,늢돉캪뫳살뗄펰쿬짮풶뗄쫀뷧맛뫍랽램싛Λ헜톧뗄ퟜ뷡쫇뿆톧퇐뺿뗄뗚5룶닣듎Λ얣뛙뛔뿆톧뗄뻞듳릱쿗캪뷼듺ퟔ좻뿆톧뗬뚨쇋4룶훘튪믹뒡:쯼뒴붨뗄캢믽럖캪뷼듺쫽톧뗬뚨쇋믹뒡;쯻뗄맢웗럖컶캪뷼듺맢톧뗬뚨쇋믹뒡;쯻랢쿖춼1ꆡ뿆톧쒣탍뗄럖샠뗄솦톧죽뚨싉캪뺭뗤솦톧뗬뚨쇋믹뒡;쯻랢쿖뗄췲탍ꆱ,짺컯톧훐뗄ꆰDNA쮫식탽쒣탍ꆱ뗈뚼쫇룅쓮쒣폐틽솦뚨싉캪뷼듺쳬컄톧뗬뚨쇋믹뒡Λ얣뛙솦톧뗄탍Λ뻞듳돉릦쪹19쫀볍돵웚뗄컯샭톧볒쿠탅,폮훦좷쪵풤닢쒣탍췹췹춨맽쫽톧쒣탍쪵쿖Λ쯹캽풤닢쫇쫇튻룶엓듳뗄믺킵쾵춳,쯼ퟱ헕얣뛙솦톧뚨싉뛸퓋횸풭탍뗄ힴ첬닎솿퓚붫살쒳쪱뿌믲뿕볤쒳뗘뗣뗄쫽탐,헢킩뚨싉쯆뫵쫇ퟔ좻뷧뗄믹놾뚨싉Λ퓚헜톧짏,횵,쯼췹췹폃ힴ첬랽돌뇭쪾Λ늻몬쪱볤닎쫽뗄ힴ첬랽얣뛙쳡돶뗄ꆰ뻸뛔쪱뿕맛ꆱ뫍ꆰ뻶뚨싛ꆱ쫇믺킵캨컯훷돌돆캪뺲첬랽돌,몬쪱볤닎쫽뗄ힴ첬랽돌돆캪뚯첬틥뗄훘튪믹뒡Λ룹뻝얣뛙랽돌:떱틑횪훊뗣뗄돵쪼ힴ랽돌,뚯첬랽돌쫇뿆톧퇐뺿훐ퟮ뎣폃뗄쫽톧쒣탍Λ얣첬(r0,v0),폖횪웤쫜솦쟩뿶(F),룹뻝얣뛙퓋뚯랽뛙퓋뚯랽돌훐몬폐쪱볤,쫇튻훖뚯첬랽돌Λ샭쿫웸쳥돌뻍뿉틔풤닢훊뗣퓚틔뫳죎뫎쪱뿌뗄퓋뚯ힴ첬(r,뗄ힴ첬뿉폃쳥믽(V)톹솦(P)뫍컂뛈(T)훐뗄죎뫎v),헢뻍쫇컯샭톧짏,뫳살튲놻떱ퟷ쫀뷧맛뫍랽램싛솽룶닎쫽좷뚨Λ죽헟맘쾵뿉폃늻몬쪱볤뗄웸첬랽돌뗄폐쏻뗄ꆰ틲맻싛ꆱ믲ꆰ뻶뚨싛ꆱΛ뻞듳뗄폮훦믺웷쯆뇭듯,틲듋쫇튻훖뺲첬랽돌Λ뮯톧죈솦톧퇐뺿뗄뮯톧뫵뿉틔평틲맻싛췪좫좷뚨,벴헢룶쾵춳뗄죎뫎튻늿욽뫢랽돌쫇뺲첬랽돌,뛸뮯톧뚯솦톧퇐뺿뗄랴펦샺럖뗄캴살췪좫뿉틔풤닢Λ헢훖퇏룱뗄뻶뚨싛뗄헜톧돌쫇뚯첬랽돌Λ컞싛쫇뺲첬랽돌뮹쫇뚯첬랽돌뚼뻟믹뒡뻍쫇뿉틔냑컒(훷맛)뫍쫀뷧(뿍맛)횮볤럖룮뾪폐풤닢릦쓜,쯼쏇뚼뿉틔뛔쾵춳뗄캴살ힴ첬뷸탐풤살,늢평폚헢훖럖룮뛔쫀뷧ퟶ돶뿍맛뗄쏨쫶Λ닢,쫇풤닢쒣탍훐튻훖훷튪뗄뇭듯랽쪽Λ뷢컶벸뫎뗄뒴쪼죋뗑뾨뛻늻뷶쫇튻룶쫽톧볒,20쫀볍뫳웚돶쿖뗄볆쯣믺캪쒣탍폈웤쫇쫽톧쒣탍뗄붨솢쳡릩쇋잿폐솦뗄릤뻟Λ쯹폐쫽톧쒣탍뚼쯻뗄헜톧쮼쿫퓚뷼듺뿆톧쮼쿫쪷짏춬퇹직쮸ퟅ뿉틔뮯캪볆쯣믺쒣탍,춨맽볆쯣믺뿉틔풤닢쒣탍뗄맢쎢Λ뗑뾨뛻냑ퟔ벺뗄샭싛쳥쾵탎쿳뗘뇈ퟷ튻뿃뗄캴살ힴ첬듳쫷,쯻죏캪쫷룹쫇헜톧,쫷룉쫇컯샭톧,웤쯼룷훖Λ뫜뛠컞램붨솢쫽톧쒣탍뗄쾵춳,죧짺컯ꆢ짧믡뗈튲뿉틔붨솢볆쯣믺쒣탍톧뿆쫇쫷횦,뛸맡뒩헢룶쳥쾵뗄쫇캨샭싛뫍샭탔뗄Λ튻룶뫃뗄쒣탍뇘탫뻟놸:1)뛔풭탍뇘탫뷸탐돤싟벭퇝틯램Λ럖ꆢ쿔훸ꆢ폐킧뗄볲뮯,틔뇣폚닙ퟷ낮틲쮹첹뗄뿆톧돉뻍캪뇧횤캨컯훷틥퓶쳭쇋탂;2)쒣탍뻟폐뷏뫃뗄훘뢴탔;3)쒣탍뗄뷢쫍릦쓜뫍풤닢릦쓜뇘탫잿듳ꆢ뗄싛뻝Λ쯻놾죋뛔쿠뛔싛뗄헜톧쓚몭튲ퟶ맽첽쳖Λ쪱ힼ좷볤뫍뿕볤놾살뻍쫇헜톧퇐뺿뗄쓚죝횮튻,낮틲쮹첹;4)쒣탍뗄컯샭탎쪽뫍쫽톧탎쪽뇘탫볲뷠ꆢ횱맛죏캪,컯쳥뗄듦퓚뫍퓋뚯뛔ꆰ쪱볤늻뛏뗄쇷뚯퇓탸,Λ쒣탍뗄쫗튪릦쓜쫇쳡릩튻룶뿲볜,헻샭뫍ퟩ횯뿕볤맣삫컞뇟ꆱ뗄쎻폐펰쿬뗄맛뗣쫇뫁컞뗀샭뗄,얣뿆톧쪵퇩(믲맛달)훐좡뗃뗄쫽뻝ꆢ쇏ꆢ탅쾢뛙쯹쿫뗄쓇훖퇏룱뗄ꆰ뻶뚨싛ꆱ뗄쫀뷧쒣쪽쫇늻뿉쓜,늢뛔풭탍뗄탐캪쳘헷뫍퇝뮯맦싉ퟶ돶뷢쫍Λ쒣탍뗄뗚뗄Λ헢뻍듓룹놾짏뚯튡쇋뛔얣뛙쪱뿕맛뗄탅삵Λ쯻2룶릦쓜쫇뛔풭탍뗄캴살쳘헷ퟶ돶풤닢횸돶뗄쪱볤ꆢ뿕볤ꆢ컯쳥ꆢ퓋뚯쫇늻뿉럖룮뗄춳튻헻Λ뗚1룶릦쓜쫇죏쪶쫀뷧,뗚2룶릦쓜쫇룄퓬쫀뷧쳥,헢쫇튻훖좫탂뗄쪱볤ꆢ뿕볤뫍퓋뚯뗄룅쓮Λ퓚맣Λ틥쿠뛔싛훐,낮틲쮹첹룼냑틽솦맩뷡캪볓쯙쾵춳쯹쳥쿖돶뗄쪱뿕벸뫎쳘헷Λ낮틲쮹첹뗄뿆톧돉뻍뇭쏷' 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆡ뗚23뻭뗚4웚돂ꆡ뫩뗈:싛뿆톧퇐뺿뗄닣듎ꆪꆪ뿆톧퇐뺿맦싉첽쳖횮튻61캨컯뇧횤램쫇ퟔ좻뿆톧퇐뺿뗄폐솦커웷Λ뷸늽Λ뿆톧늢럇헦샭뗄뮯짭,뿆톧놾짭뿉쓜냼몬듭20쫀볍40쓪듺틔살,튻냣쾵춳싛뗄뒴솢헟놴컳,튲뇘탫쓜탞룄틑ퟷ돶뗄뷡싛Λ뿆톧쫇쓜릻횤캱쯾샊럆,뿘훆싛뗄뒴솢헟캬쓉,탅쾢싛뗄뒴솢헟횮튻뗄Λ캤뢥,퓋돯톧뗄뒴솢헟횮튻쟰웦싼뗈뚼뫜훘쫓헜톧뿆톧퇐뺿뗄5룶닣듎:랢쿖ꆢ랢쏷ꆢ샭싛ꆢ쒣탍뫍뗄쮼뾼,얬솦듓헜톧싛횤놾톧뿆뗄랽램싛Λ20쫀볍헜톧뗄ퟜ뷡쫇튻룶뛔퇐뺿뛔쿳뗄죏쪶훰붥짮뮯뗄맽60쓪듺틔살,맾뿏뗄킭춬톧ꆢ췐쒷뗄춻뇤싛ꆢ났룹뗄돌Λ잰솽룶닣듎믘듰쇋ꆰ퓵쎴퇹ꆱ뗄컊쳢,뗚3ꆢ4룶닣뎬톭뮷싛ꆢ럇룹놫쒷뗄믬톧ꆢ쎢뗂늼싞뗄럖탎톧ꆢ듎믘듰쇋ꆰ캪쪲쎴ꆱ뗄컊쳢,뗚5룶닣듎쫇잰4룶닣잮톧즭뗄쾵춳톧춬퇹훘쫓뛔랽램싛ퟷ헜톧첽쳖[2]Λ듎뗄ퟜ뷡Λ좻뛸헢늻뗈폚쮵,뫳쏦뗄닣듎뇈잰쏦뗄닣웕샯룟뷲쫇ꆰ뫄즢뷡릹ꆱ샭싛뗄뒴쪼죋Λ퓚뫄즢듎룼룟벶Λ쫂쪵짏,ퟔ듓1901쓪뾪쪼냤랢억놴뛻컯뷡릹샭싛훐,웕샯룟뷲죏캪,샺쪷쫇랢햹뗄,늻뛏돶샭붱ꆢ뮯톧붱뫍짺샭튽톧붱틔살,믱붱뗄뿆톧랢쿖뫍쿖탂쟩뿶뫍탂쫂컯,붫살늢늻냼삨퓚맽좥횮훐,뛸춳랢쏷햼폐뫜듳뗄뇈샽Λ횱훁뷱죕,뿆톧랢쿖뫍뿆벼랢볆탔뫍룅싊퓚쫂컯랢햹맽돌훐웰ퟅ맘볼ퟷ폃,쯼랴쏷죔좻쫇뿆톧뷸늽뗄췆뚯솦Λ쫀뷧쫇컞쿞뗄,웤컯훊펳쇋뿍맛쫀뷧듦퓚ퟅ뗄쯦믺탔뫍얼좻탔Λ듋췢쯻뮹퓋뚯탎쪽튲쫇럗랱뢴퓓뗄,죋샠뛔폚ퟔ좻뷧뗄죏쪶뛔쪱볤뗄탔훊뫍닣듎,쫀뷧뗄볲떥탔뫍뢴퓓탔,뻶뚨훰늽짮죫,평폚쪵퇩뫍맛닢쫖뛎뗄쿞훆,뷱죕쎻램랢싛뫍럇뻶뚨싛뗈뫜뛠헜톧컊쳢뷸탐쇋쳖싛Λ쿖뗄쿖쿳,쏷죕뻍뿉쓜랢쿖Λ틲듋,뿆톧랢쿖ꆢ뿆벼랢뷜돶뗄뿆톧볒늻뷶튪힢훘놾톧뿆뗄뿆톧랢쏷,쏷폀풶늻믡쿻쪧Λ쿠랴,쯼쏇믡폀풶쿲죋샠쿔쪾ꆢ쳡뿆톧샭싛뫍쒣탍뗄붨솢,룼펦룃힢훘횧독헢킩횪쪶컊,죃죋샠뗄샭탔늻뛏쮼뾼,틔믘듰ꆰ캪쪲쎴ꆱ뗄컊뗄헜샭뺫짱,폅탣뗄뿆톧볒탨튪폐헜톧쮼뾼뗄ퟔ뻵쳢Λ탔Λ닎뾼컄쿗:5ꆡ뷡ꆡ싛[1]ꆡ탭맺횾.쾵춳뿆톧[M].짏몣:짏몣뿆벼뷌폽돶냦짧,듓쿖듺맛뗣뾴,뿆톧쫇죋샠튻쾵쇐뗄죏쪶믮뚯.,벴뛔폚캴횪쿖쿳쳡돶볙쮵,폃쫂쪵퇩횤믲럱횤볙쮵[2]ꆡ탭맺횾.쾵춳뿆톧[M].짏몣:짏몣뿆벼뷌폽돶냦짧,,뿆톧횻쓜춨맽ꆰ쫔듭램ꆱ,벴춨맽췆닢뫍랴늵뛸믱뗃,ꆡSUNBao2guo,ꆡLIUC3i2quan(11DukeUniversity,NC27708,USA;21BeijingTechnologyandBusinessUniversity,Beijing100037,China;31ChineseAcademyofScience,KunmingAnimalInstitute,Kunming650091,China)Abstract:Itispointedthattherearefivelevelsinscientificresearch:scientificdiscovers,scien2tificandtechnologicalinventions,scientifictheories,ꆰHOWꆱorꆰWHATꆱ,thethirdandfourthlevelsanswerꆰWHYꆱ:scientificdiscoveries;scientificandtechnologicalinvention;scientifictheories;scien2tificmodels;philosophy(퓰죎뇠벭:튶뫬늨)' 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
