Target #1
目标1:
Safe Behaviour
安全行为
Adhesives
粘合剂
Wolfgang Berke
SHEQ-Hygiene
Value of Risk Management
风险管理的价值
· Enhanced knowledge and awareness about the
existing processes and inherent risks
提高现有工艺流程的相关知识和预防风险的意识
· Reduction of risks to an acceptable level in order to
avoid impacts on employees, neighbours or the
environment
将风险降至可以接受的范围,以避免对员工、工厂周围和环境的影响
· Side effects 其他影响:
· Advances in operation, organisation 操作过程和组织上的改进
· Better efficiency (costs) 提高效率
· Targeted investments 目标投资
· Henkel requirement 汉高要求
Any unknown risk is a threat !
任何未知的风险对于我们是威胁!
The Challenge of Managing
Risks 管理风险的挑战
There is no getting away from risks.
There is only recognizing them,
managing them, and
deciding which ones you can afford to take!
风险是不可避免的。
我们可以做的只能是识别它们、管理它们、
决定哪些是可以承受的!
Case Histories 案例
Union Carbide Company, pesticide production
Bhopal, India, December 1984
杀虫剂生产公司,印度,1984年12月
· runaway reaction in a storage tank for methyl isocyanate
储罐中的异氰酸盐泄漏
· 40 tons of toxic material emitted through safety valve
40t 有毒物质从安全阀中泄出
· emission of 外泄的气体有:
· methyl isocyanate 异氰酸盐
· carbon monoxide 一氧化碳
· phosgene (COCl2) 碳酰氯
· hydrocyanic acid 氢氰酸
· - dead, injuries
- 人死亡 人受伤
· long-term consequences out of control 长期失控的结果
Case Histories 案例
ACF (Azote de France)
Toulouse, France, 21. September 2001
2001年9月21日,法国ACF工厂
· human error lead to explosion catastrophe
人为过失导致爆炸
· 300 tons of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) for fertilizer
production got blasted (6000 tons were stored)
用于肥料生产的300t 硝酸铵爆炸(储存量为6000t)
· 29 fatalities / 29人死亡
· 2442 injuries / 2442人受伤
· 500 lost their homes / 500人失去家园
Toulouse, France
21 September 2001
2001年9月21日 法国工厂
Case Histories 案例
Petrobras
Offshore Platform P-36, Brasil, 15 March 2001
2001年3月5日,巴西,海上平台P-36
· A number of single actions lead to explosion catastrophe
(maintenance work during production)
一些个别行为(生产期间的维护工作)导致事故的发生
· Two blasts and fire 引起两次爆炸和火灾
· 11 fatalities 导致11人死亡
· Huge environmental spillage (>1500 m³ oil)
大量石油外泄( >1500 m³ )
· 500 billion US$ loss 损失5000亿美元
The second big accident after 1984 (37 workers killed)
是继1984年后第二大事故(37名工人死亡)
Platform P-36, Brasil
15 March 2001
2001年3月5日,巴西,海上平台P-36
Expressions of Risk
风险的表述
· danger
· jeopardy
· peril
· hazard
· menace
· threat
· gamble
· take a chance
Core Definitions
核心定义
· Hazard 危险源
A thing or action that can cause adverse effects.
It implies the cause of an adverse event,
not the negative consequences or impact.
可能造成负面作用的事情或行为。它是引发负面结果的原因,
不是负面结果或影响。
· Risk 风险
Likelihood of occurrence and magnitude of the
consequences of an adverse event; a measure of the
probability of harm and the severity of impact of a hazard
负面结果发生的可能性及不同程度;危险可能性及有害影响
严重程度的衡量
Risk 风险
Airplane Travel 飞机
· power failure is rarely catastrophic
没有动力很少会造成灾难性事故
· less than 10 deaths per incident
每起事故有少于10人死亡
· low fuel inventory
燃料剩存量低
· external environment survivable
外部环境有幸存可能性
· power failure is catastrophic
没有动力必然会造成空难发生
· tens to hundreds of deaths per
incident 每起事故有10到上百人死亡
· fuel inventory very high
燃料剩存量很高
· external environment is
uniformly hostile
外部环境很恶劣
Car Travel 汽车
你能想到哪些挑战?
你对哪些危险已经习以为常?
Risk Acceptance
风险的接受
· Degree of self-determination 自我决定的程度
· Minor degree: Railway user will not accept mistakes
程度较低:铁路的使用者不会接受错误
· Working environment 工作环境
· Major degree: Hang-glider pilots will accept a crash
程度较高:悬挂式降落机的飞行员可以接受坠落。
· Clerical professions: Clerk will not accept injuries from their
activities
办公室职员:他们不会接受因活动造成受伤。
· Construction industry: Worker accept minor, reversible injuries
建筑工业:工人们可以接受易恢复的轻伤。
· Degree of voluntariness 任意程度
· At work: Acting depending on instructions expected to be safe
工作中:希望安全,所以依照指导说明工作
· At leisure: Substantial risks are accepted
生活中:接受大量的风险
· Cause 原因
· User independent: Lift user will not accept severe malfunction
使用者独立:电梯的使用者不接受严重的故障。
· Dependent on user: A thick thump from the hammer is
accepted
不同的使用者:可以接受铁锤重击。
你上一次不安全的行为是什么?
我们为什么要违反规则?
SAFE
WORK
Why rules are ignored
为什么规定往往被忽视?
no understanding 不理解
Laziness 懒惰
Comfort 舒服
Ignorance 忽视
Indifference漠不关心
Toleration 宽容
look away 逃避
pressure of time 时间压力
Routine 常规
Habit 个人习惯
credibility gap信用差距
saving of time 节省时间
Personal
Reasons
个人原因
External
reasons
外在原因
Da
ng
er
ou
s
Si
tu
at
ion
Model of Behaviour 行为模式
Perception 感知
negative result 消极结果positive result 积极结果
Seeing
听觉
Hearing
听觉
Feeling
触觉
Smelling
嗅觉
Tasting
味觉
6th sense
第6感
Knowledge知识 Expectation 期望
Attitude 态度
Experience 经验
Incentive 激励 personal state个人情况
risk assessment 风险评估
Decision 决定
safe behaviour 安全行为 unsafe behaviour不安全行为
ac
cu
m
ul
at
ed
ex
pe
ri
en
ce
feed-
back
信息反馈
积
累
的
经
验
Risk Assessment is 风险评估是 ...
· Systematic 系统性的
· Comprehensive 综合性的
· for discovery of hazards and strains 危险源的发现
· the evaluation of identified risks 被识别出风险的评价
· the development of countermeasures (improvements)
措施的提高改进
· on a dedicated workplace, a field of work (area), a
worker or workgroup 对某个工作地点,工作区域,工人或
工作小组进行评估
· the control of efficiency of measures 措施功效的控制
· the documentation of all above 对以上提及文件的评估
· the regular update 要经常性更新
Result of a good Assessment
良好评价的结果
· All members of staff come to terms with a weak situation or a
problem 全体员工对较差的情况或问题达成一致的看法
· Agreement on regulations with workers and management 工人和管理
层就公司规章制度达成共识
· Operation procedures become improved 完善操作流程
· Due to involvement 其原因包括
· High acceptance 广泛接受
· Higher self-responsibility of staff 员工高度的责任感
· Engagement on a high level consciousness and carefulness
很高的自觉意识及认真谨慎的态度
· More foresight at work (consequences)
工作中具有远见(因果推论)
· Behaviour related safety regulations are accepted
接受有关安全规则的行为
Proposed Concept for Analysis
分析被建议的理念
· Identification of single safety issues
单个安全事故的鉴定
· less structurized procedure 程序较少
· high participation of involved employees
涉及多人的事故
· Use of implicit knowledge 使用已有的知识
Identify
Ide
Ide
Assess
Secure
Concept :
Seeing
视觉
Hearing
听觉
Feeling
触觉
Smelling
嗅觉
Tasting
味觉
technical means (detectors)技术手段(检测器)
Detection by all senses 靠所有感官察觉
A
IdeA
S
IdeAS
Consequences, Impact, Probability 结果/影响/可能性
Prevention, Limited damage 预防,有限的损失
personal life 个人生活
working environment 工作环境
social environment 社会环境
Company 公司
by elimination
直接消除
by organizational means
组织手段
by technical means
技术手段
by personal protection
个人防护
识 别
评 估
安全保障
IdeAS-理念
IdeAS
Guiding questions of the IdeAS-concept:
IdeAS-理念的引导性问题:
1. Identify:
识别:
Which hazards and loads do you detect ?
你发现了哪些危险和负荷?
· Which hazards or loads you can see / hear / feel / smell or taste ?
哪些危险或负荷是你能够看到/听到/感到/闻到或尝到的?
· Which additional hazards or loads you can imagine ?
你还能够想象到哪些其他的危险或负荷?
IdeAS
Guiding questions of the IdeAS-concept:
IdeAS-理念的引导性问题:
2. Assess:
评估:
Which possible consequences do you can imagine ?
你能想象到哪些可能发生的结果?
· Which parts of the body can be injured ?
身体的哪些部分是能受伤的?
· What type of injury is possible ?
可能发生哪种类型的伤害?
· How will the injury affect the life of the victim ?
这种伤害将怎样影响受害人的一生?
· What does that mean for the social environment ?
为了社会环境是怎么一回事?
· What does it mean for the colleagues, supervisors and managers ?
为了同事、主管和经理又是怎么一回事?
IdeAS
Guiding questions of the IdeAS-concept:
IdeAS-理念的引导性问题:
3. Secure:
安全保障:
By which means you can prevent the consequences ?
你能通过什么方法来防止这样的结果的发生?
· What can we do for prevention to avoid the incident ?
我们能做些什么来防止事件的发生?
· What can we do to reduce the damage as much as possible ?
我们能做些什么来尽可能减少伤害?
Assessment and Management
of Risks 风险评价及管理
1. Identify
hazards
and risks
2. 危险源及
3. 风险识别
Hot Plugs 插销
Less than Makeshift 决不凑合
Don‘t ask where 不要问这是哪里
Paper Recycling is good ...
废纸回收虽然是好事...
Next Fireplace ?
下一个壁炉?
3. Eliminate hazards and risks 危险源与风险的消除
· Eliminate hazards at their immediate source 直接消除危险源
· Technical safety measures 安全技术措施
· Organizational measures 组织措施
· Personal protective measures (last possibilty !) 个人防护措施(最
后选择的)
Assessment and Management
of Risks 风险分析与管理
· 我的观点是严格遵守汉高的所有规定以
及和安全有关的法律法规。
· 我请我的同事在我违反任何一条规定或
有不安全行为时给我指出。
· 既然我们都想安全顺利的工作,我们一定
也愿意遵守这些规定。