뮪쓏쪦랶듳톧톧놨(짧믡뿆톧냦)2007쓪뗚6웚JOURNALꆡOFꆡSOUTHꆡCHINAꆡNORMALꆡUNIVERSITY2007쓪12퓂,2007(SOCIALꆡSCIENCEꆡEDITION)Dec.,2007뗍짧믡뺭볃뗘캻폫뛹춯랢햹헅ꆡ컀,샮뚭욽,킻횾뷜(뮪쓏쪦랶듳톧뷌폽뿆톧톧풺/탄샭펦폃퇐뺿훐탄,맣뚫맣훝510631)ꆡꆡ햪ꆡ튪:짧믡뺭볃뗘캻쫇룹뻝룶쳥믱좡믲뿘훆폐볛횵풴뛸뛔웤뷸탐뗄닣벶업쏻,뗍짧믡뺭볃뗘캻믡뛔뛹춯뗄짭쳥붡뾵ꆢ죏횪랢햹ꆢ쟩탷쫊펦뫍탐캪컊쳢뗈닺짺쿻벫펰쿬,훐뷩쒣쪽폫뗷뷚쒣쪽솽훖샭싛뛔헢킩펰쿬뗄믺훆뷸탐쇋뷢쫍ꆣ헾뢮뫍좫짧믡뚼튪믽벫탐뚯웰살,틔듙뷸뗍짧믡뺭볃뗘캻뛹춯뗄붡뾵돉뎤폫랢햹ꆣꆡꆡ맘볼듊:짧믡뺭볃뗘캻;뛹춯랢햹;뒦뺳늻샻뛹춯ꆡꆡ훐춼럖샠뫅:ꆡꆡ컄쿗뇪쪶싫:Aꆡꆡ컄헂뇠뫅:1000-5455(2007)06-0104-09ꆡꆡ죋샠ퟔ듓폐쇋짧믡탔뗄좺뻓짺믮,뇣닺짺쇋짧믡뺭볃뗘캻뗄닮틬ꆣ짧믡뺭볃뗘캻닮틬뗄듦퓚쫇짧믡뺺헹폫뚷헹뗄뷡맻,튲쫇듙뷸룶쳥폫짧믡좺쳥믽벫쿲짏ꆢ췆뚯죋샠짧믡늻뛏쿲잰랢햹뗄믹놾뚯솦ꆣ떫벫뛋뗄짧믡뺭볃뗘캻닮틬폖쫇짧믡뚯떴뫍놩솦닺짺뗄훘튪룹풴,샺쪷짏듳뛠쫽뗄햽헹뫍짧믡돥춻뚼룺뛔짧믡뺭볃뗘캻벫뛋닮틬뗄랴엑폐맘ꆣ퓚떱뷱쫀뷧,쯦ퟅ쒳킩좺쳥믲룶죋평폚룷훖풭틲닆뢻폫좨솦뗄뿬쯙믽샛,퓚늻춬맺볒횮볤ꆢ퓚춬튻맺볒쓚늿,짧믡뺭볃뗘캻닮틬뚼폐뿬쯙삩듳뗄쟷쫆ꆣ뛸퓚컒맺떱잰,평폚짧믡뺭볃랽쏦뗄뿬쯙랢햹,틔벰짧믡럖엤뫍뗷뷚훆뛈뗄늻췪짆,헢훖닮틬룼쫇폺삭폺듳,죧뫎펦뛔헢튻쿖쿳틔놣횤짧믡뗄뫍킳릫욽랢햹ꆢ놣횤쎿튻짧믡돉풱뗄붡뾵돉뎤ꆢ탒뢣짺믮쫇냚퓚컒맺헾뢮뫍퇐뺿헟쏦잰튻쿮훘튪뛸폖벱웈뗄뿎쳢ꆣ놾컄퓲듓뛹춯랢햹뗄뷇뛈,쫔춼뛔뗍짧믡뺭볃뗘캻뛔뛹춯뗄펰쿬뫍뷢뻶듫쪩뷸탐킩첽쳖ꆣ튻ꆢ짧믡뺭볃뗘캻뗄룅쓮벰닢솿짧믡뺭볃뗘캻(socioeconomicstatus,틔쿂볲돆SES)뗄룅쓮벰닢솿쫇튻룶벫캪믹뒡떫튲벫뻟헹틩탔뗄컊쳢ꆣ튻냣살쮵,SES쫇룹뻝룶쳥믱좡믲뿘훆폐볛횵풴(죧닆뢻ꆢ좨솦폫짧믡뗘캻ꆡꆡ쫕룥죕웚:2007-10-01ꆡ믹뷰쿮쒿:뷌폽늿탂쫀볍폅탣죋닅횧돖볆뮮훺쿮쒿(엺ힼ뫅:NCET-04-0832)ꆡퟷ헟볲뷩:헅컀(1968-),쓐,뫓쓏헽퇴죋,뮪쓏쪦랶듳톧뷌폽뿆톧톧풺/탄샭펦폃퇐뺿훐탄뷌쫚ꆢ늩쪿짺떼쪦,늩쪿;샮뚭욽(1983-),쓐,쯄뒨닔쾪죋,뮪쓏쪦랶듳톧뷌폽뿆톧톧풺쮶쪿퇐뺿짺;킻횾뷜(1983-),쓐,뫓쓏횣훝죋,뮪쓏쪦랶듳톧뷌폽뿆톧톧풺쮶쪿퇐뺿짺ꆣ104
뗈)뛸뛔웤뷸탐뗄닣벶업쏻,쯼랴펳쇋룶쳥믱좡쿖쪵믲잱퓚풴뗄닮틬ꆣ쳘뇰뗘,떱룶쳥뒦폚뺭볃풴?랦믲냾뛡ힴ뿶쪱튲놻돆캪욶삧,쯼쫇뗍SES뗄튻훖뇭쿖탎쪽ꆣ욶삧폖뿉뮮럖캪뻸뛔욶삧폫쿠뛔욶삧솽훖,뻸뛔욶삧쫇횸좱랦캬돖짺듦뗄믹놾컯훊쳵볾,쿠뛔욶삧쫇쿠뛔폚튻뚨짧믡뗄훐뗈짺믮쮮욽뛸퇔뗄욶삧ꆣ듓닢솿랽쪽살뾴,뒫춳뗄SES횸뇪냼삨뢸쒸뗄쫜뷌폽쮮욽ꆢ쫕죫틔벰횰튵뗈ꆣ웤훐,뢸쒸뗄쫜뷌폽쮮욽쫇SES훐ퟮ컈뚨뗄랽쏦,튻떩퓚퓧쓪좷뚨쿂살뻍뫜짙랢짺룄뇤;쫕죫랴펳쇋뢸쒸캪ퟓ얮믱좡짧믡폫뺭볃풴뗄잱솦;횰튵퓲쫇룹뻝듓쫂쳘뚨횰튵쯹탨뗄뷌폽폫횰튵쮮욽뷸탐뗄업탲ꆣ쎿튻훖횸뇪뚼랴펳쇋SES뗄늻춬닠쏦,늻뿉틔쿠뮥좡듺ꆣ훁폚욶삧뗄닢솿,춨뎣쫇틔쫕죫믲쿻럑쮮욽캪믹뒡,떱룶쳥뗄쫕죫믲쿻럑쮮욽뗍폚욶삧쿟ꆪꆪꆪ싺ퟣ믹놾탨쟳쯹뇘탨뗄ퟮ뗍쮮욽쪱퓲놻쫓캪욶삧ꆣ룹뻝컒맺쎿죋쎿쓪683풪뗄맺볒욶삧쿟,쒿잰좫맺욶삧죋뿚풼4800뛠췲죋,햼ퟜ죋뿚뗄뇈훘듳풼캪317%;뛸룹뻝맺볊짏쎿죋쎿죕횧돶늻ퟣ1쏀풪벴캪욶삧죋뿚뗄뇪ힼ,쒿잰컒맺풼폐1135틚죋뮹뒦퓚맺볊욶삧쿟틔쿂,쿠떱폚ퟜ죋뿚뗄[1]1/10ꆣ평폚컒맺죋뿚믹쫽듳,욶삧뛹춯뗄쫽솿룼쇮죋떣폇ꆣ춬쪱,SES뗄닢솿튲폐볒춥ꆢ짧쟸틔벰톧킣뗈늻춬쮮욽ꆣ짧쟸뫍톧킣쮮욽뗄SES쫇튻훖뫏돉뗄닢솿ꆣ퓚맺췢,짧쟸SES뛠틔죋뿚웕닩쇏캪믹뒡,춨맽룃쟸폲뗄뻓쏱췪돉쒳훖뷌폽돌뛈(죧룟훐믲듳톧)ꆢ듯떽쒳훖쫕죫쮮욽(죧30000쏀풪/쓪)믲헟듓쫂쒳튻벶뇰릤ퟷ(죧쪧튵/쳥솦샍뚯/튵벶/맜샭닣)뗄죋뿚뇈샽살뫢솿ꆣ튻쯹톧킣뗄SES춨뎣틔룃킣퓚튻톧쓪훐쫊죎복볛믲쏢럑컧닍뗄톧짺뇈샽캪믹뒡뷸탐닢솿:볒춥쫕죫뷩폚욶삧쮮욽130%ꆫ185%횮볤뗄톧짺뻍럻뫏복볛컧닍뗄쳵볾;쫕죫뗈폚믲뗍폚욶삧쮮욽130%뗄톧짺닅쫊죎쏢럑컧닍[2]ꆣ쒿잰맺쓚톧헟뮹뷏짙첽쳖짧쟸폫톧킣쮮욽SES뗄닢솿컊쳢ꆣ쇭췢,SES룅쓮뮹뻟폐뿍맛폫훷맛솽훖탔훊,벴뿍맛짧믡뗘캻(objectivesocialstatus,OSS)폫훷맛짧믡뗘캻(subjectivesocialstatus,SSS)ꆣ잰헟춨뎣평짏쫶뒫춳횸뇪볓틔닢솿;뫳헟쫇룶쳥뛔ퟔ벺퓚뗘캻쮳탲훐쯹뒦캻훃뗄탅쓮,쫇룶쳥뛔ퟔ벺퓚짧믡뺭볃뷡릹훐쯹뒦캻훃뗄룐횪ꆣGood2man뗈(2001)뾪랢뗄MacArthur훷맛짧믡뗘캻솿뇭,뿉틔닢솿뛹춯쟠짙쓪퓚짧믡뷗쳝폫짧쟸뷗쳝짏뗄업쏻[3]ꆣ듓볒춥SES쇏뗄놨룦헟살뾴,뢸쒸쫇ퟮ좨췾뗄탅쾢살풴ꆣ떫캪쇋랽뇣웰볻,퇐뺿헟튲뎣닉폃뛹춯쟠짙쓪놨룦뗄볒춥SES쇏,헢췹췹듸살뷏뛠좱쪧횵뫍컞킧쫽뻝ꆣ욫뗍뗄췪돉싊늻뿉뇜쏢믡쿞훆뿉릩럖컶뗄놻쫔쫽솿,캣벰퇐뺿킧솦ꆣ룼퇏훘뗄쫇,쫽뻝좱쪧뿉쓜듦퓚톡퓱탔욫닮,펵폐룼퇏훘짧믡뺭볃냾뛡놳뺰뗄쟠짙쓪컞믘펦쮮욽뿉쓜룼룟ꆣ캪쇋뺡뿉쓜뇜쏢헢샠컊쳢,퇐뺿헟뷸탐쇋폐틦뗄첽쯷ꆣCurrie뗈(1997)뾪랢쇋볒춥뢻ퟣ솿뇭(FAS),튪쟳톧짺놨룦쯻쏇쫬쾤뗄쫂쟩,뇈죧ꆰ쓣펵폐쫴폚쓣ퟔ벺뗄컔쫒싰ꆱꆢꆰ쓣볒쫇럱펵폐튻솾킡웻뎵ꆢ폐엱믵뎵믲뾨뎵ꆱꆢꆰ쓣볒폐벸첨뗧쓔ꆱ틔벰ꆰ맽좥12룶퓂샯,쓣폫볒죋튻웰싃폎뗄듎쫽ꆱ뗈,틔듋ퟷ캪볒춥닆뢻뗄닢솿ꆣWardle뗈뫳살(2002)튲뾪랢쇋쿠샠쯆뗄볒춥뢻ퟣ솿뇭(HASC[4])ꆣ평폚늻춬맺볒퓚헾훎ꆢ뺭볃ꆢ컄뮯놳뺰짏뗄닮틬,퇐뺿헟폐뇘튪헫뛔컒맺쪵볊살뾪랢SES닢움뗄쿮쒿ꆣ뛾ꆢ뗍짧믡뺭볃뗘캻폫뛹춯랢햹뗄맘쾵맽좥벸쪮쓪뗄퇐뺿횤쪵,뗍SES폫뛹춯쟠짙쓪뗄랢햹듦퓚쏜쟐솪쾵ꆣ뻟쳥살뾴,훷튪쳥쿖퓚틔쿂벸랽쏦ꆣ105
(튻)폫뛹춯붡뾵뗄맘쾵쇷탐늡톧훐ퟮ뺪죋ꆢퟮ짮뿌뗄랢쿖횮튻쫇,SES뷏뗍룶쳥뗄붡뾵ힴ뿶뇈SES뷏룟뗄닮ꆣ뛸쟒SES폫붡뾵뗄맘쾵듦퓚튻룶쳝뛈:늻뷶쫇쟮죋뇈뢻죋뗄붡뾵ힴ뿶룼닮,쿠랴SES쎿퓶볓튻늽,냩쯦뗄붡뾵쫕틦뚼폐쯹퓶볓ꆣ룃맘쾵퓚짺쏼좫돌훐뚼뗃떽횤쪵[5]ꆣSES뛔붡뾵뗄펰쿬퓧퓚뛹춯돶짺횮잰뻍틑듦퓚ꆣ뗍SES볒춥뗄뛹춯뷏뛠돶쿖퓧닺ꆢ돶짺쳥훘뗍ꆢ펤뛹쯀췶뫍짋몦쟩탎ꆣ퓚춯쓪쪱웚,뗍SES폫쿸뒭ꆢ좣돝ꆢ톪잦쮮욽ꆢ쳺좱랦ꆢ랢폽동뮺뗈벲늡뗄랢늡싊쏜쟐쿠맘ꆣ컀짺늿ꆢ뿆벼늿뫍맺볒춳볆뻖ퟮ뷼뛔컒맺6-17쯪톧쇤뛹춯짙쓪펪퇸폫붡뾵ힴ뿶뗄뗷닩뇭쏷,쯦ퟅ볒춥죋뻹쓪쫕죫뗄붵뗍,톧쇤뛹춯짙쓪펪퇸늻솼싊쳡룟,뛔붡뾵퓬돉늻솼펰쿬ꆣ볒춥쫕죫ퟮ뗍ퟩ뛹춯펪퇸늻솼싊뇈ퟮ룟ퟩ뛹춯룟70%,폈웤쫇얩듥볒춥쫕죫뗍폚800풪ퟩ쓐짺펪퇸늻솼싊뎬맽20%,죃죋폇싇ꆣ폫펪퇸늻솼폐맘,볒춥쫕죫듓뗍떽룟컥룶ퟩ훐뗄뛹춯짙쓪욶톪싊럖뇰캪918%ꆢ1011%ꆢ1011%ꆢ714%뫍417%ꆣ볒춥쫕죫ퟮ뗍ퟩ뗄돇쫐쓐ꆢ얮짺뫍얩듥쓐ꆢ얮짺폫쫕죫ퟮ룟ퟩ쿠뇈,욽뻹짭룟럖뇰뗍318샥쏗ꆢ312샥쏗ꆢ511샥쏗뫍415샥쏗[6]ꆣ쇭췢퓚짧쟸쮮욽짏,뗍SES뛔뛹춯뗄늻붡뾵틻쪳ꆢ탄톪맜벲늡틔벰짭쳥짋몦뗈짵훁퓚뿘훆쇋볒춥SES횮뫳,죔뻟폐뛀솢뗄펰쿬ꆣ춬쪱,퇐뺿헟튲힢틢떽SES폫붡뾵맘쾵뗄뢴퓓탔ꆣ뇈죧,퓚ퟜ쳥붡뾵ꆢ탐뚯뫍톧킣쿞훆(schoollimitation)틔벰싽탔톭뮷늡뮼ힴ첬짏,돶쿖늻솼뷡맻뗄뿉쓜탔쯦ퟅ뢸쒸쫜뷌폽쮮욽뗄붵뗍뛸퓶볓,헢튻맘쾵퓚냗죋폫뫚죋뛹춯훐룼잿,뛸퓚컷냠퇀폫퇇틡뛹춯훐퓲룼죵믲늻듦퓚;퓚퇏훘뗄뫴컼벲늡짏,컷냠퇀뫍퇇틡뛹춯퓲뇭쿖돶쿠랴뗄맘쾵:뢸쒸쫜뷌폽쮮욽풽룟,뛹춯뗄뮼늡싊랴뛸풽룟[7]ꆣ폖죧,퓚컷랽,SES뷏뗍뗄뛹춯룼틗돶쿖럊엖뫍뎬훘캣쿕,뛸퓚컒맺,쫕죫ퟮ룟ퟩ뗄뎬훘싊퓲쫇ퟮ뗍ퟩ뗄316놶,럊엖싊쫇416놶ꆣ듋췢,쯤좻퓚늻춬쓪쇤뷗뛎뚼뿉볻떽SES뗄쿔훸펰쿬,떫헢튻펰쿬퓚늻춬뗄뷗뛎좴듦퓚닮틬[7]ꆣ(뛾)폫죏횪랢햹뗄맘쾵SES폫뛹춯죏횪랢햹쏜쟐쿠맘,쯼뿉틔풤닢뛹춯뗄폯퇔쓜솦ꆢ톧튵돉뻍틔벰톧뗈뛠훖뷡맻ꆣ폫힡퓚뢻풣볒춥믲짧쟸뗄뛹춯쿠뇈,뗍쫕죫뛹춯퓚뇏놣뗂춼뮭듊믣닢퇩짏뗃럖룼뗍[8]ꆣ살ퟔ죏횪짱뺭뿆톧뗄퇐뺿랢쿖,SES폫췢닠쇑/폯퇔쾵춳뫍잰뛮튶/횴탐쾵춳듦퓚늻춬돌뛈뗄솪쾵,뗍SES뛹춯퓚헢킩쾵춳뗄뛠쫽닢솿짏뇈훐뗈SES뛹춯뗄돉벨룼닮[9]ꆣ퓚뿘훆쇋뛠훖믬쿽뇤솿횮뫳,폫볒춥쫕죫쫇욶삧쿟115놶뫍2놶뗄뛹춯쿠뇈,볒춥쫕죫퓚욶삧쿟튻냫틔쿂뗄뛹춯퓚룷훖뇪ힼ뮯훇솦닢퇩짏뗄뗃럖튪뗍6ꆫ13뗣,떱볒춥듓럇뎣욶삧쿲욶삧퓙쿲늻욶삧틆뚯쪱듦퓚ퟅ튻훖ꆰ볁솿킧펦ꆱ[10](doseeffect)ꆣ튻쿮뛔1990ꆫ2000쓪폐맘SES폫뛹춯톧튵돉뻍맘쾵뗄풪럖컶뇭쏷[2],SES폫톧튵돉뻍횮볤듦퓚훐뛈떽룟뛈뗄쿠맘:뛹춯뗄SES풽뗍,웤톧튵돉뻍뗄뇭쿖풽닮ꆣ맹듔뇳뗈(2006)퇐뺿쇋볒춥뺭볃뫍컄뮯놾뛔ퟓ얮뷌폽믺믡믱뗃뗄펰쿬,뷡맻뇭쏷볒춥컄뮯놾뫍뺭볃놾햼폐솿캻뻓잰쇐뗄폅쫆짧믡뷗닣,웤ퟓ얮뷓쫜뗄뷌폽닣듎훷튪캪룟뗈뷌폽,뛸뒦폚쇓쫆짧믡뷗닣뗄ퟓ얮뷓쫜뗄훷튪쫇훐뗈뷌폽뫍돵뗈뷌폽[11]ꆣ(죽)폫짧믡쟩탷쫊펦뗄맘쾵짧믡뺭볃뗘캻뗍쿂뛔뛹춯뗄짧믡쟩탷쫊펦뻟폐뢺쏦뗄ퟷ폃,냼삨춬냩맘쾵쫜쯰ꆢ뗍ퟔퟰ틔벰웤쯻쓚퓚컊쳢ꆣ듓춬냩맘쾵살뾴,SES뷏뗍뗄뛹춯뇈SES뷏룟뗄뛹춯룼짙닎볓럅톧뫳뫍뮧췢택쿐믮뚯훐뗄좺쳥폎쾷[12]ꆣ뛔욶삧뛹춯춬냩맘쾵뗄뚨탔퇐뺿랢쿖[13],욶삧뛹춯뇈춬냩쳥퇩떽룼뛠뗄쿻벫룐쫜ꆪꆪꆪ좱쿝ꆢ??ꆢ짋몦ꆢ놻ힽ얪캪ꆰ뢣샻펤몢ꆱ;쯻쏇붫짧믡풴뗄?랦쓚뮯캪냾뛡룐,죏춬ퟔ벺쫇ꆰ욶삧췅쳥ꆱ뗄튻풱,뛸헢쫇튻훖짧믡룴샫뗄쿳헷ꆣ듓짧쟸뫍톧킣쮮욽뗄SES닢솿살뾴,짧쟸SES폫쟠짙쓪뗄틖폴횢ힴ듦퓚뢺쿲솪쾵,뻓힡퓚106
뗍SES뗘쟸뗄쟠짙쓪돶쿖틖폴횢ힴ뗄캣쿕룼듳[14]ꆣ톧킣뮷뺳뗄짧믡뺭볃놳뺰튲폫쟠짙쓪뗄틖폴횢ힴ쿠솪쾵,짵훁퓚뿘훆쇋볒춥쫕죫횮뫳[15]ꆣ횵뗃힢틢뗄쫇,듓뿍맛폫훷맛뗄SES닢솿살뾴,Piko뗈(2001)랢쿖[16],뢸쒸횰튵ퟷ캪뿍맛뗄SES횸뇪,늻쓜쿔훸풤닢탙퇀샻쟠짙쓪뗄탄샭짧믡붡뾵;뛸ퟔ벺움맀뗄SESퟷ캪훷맛뗄SES뇤솿,쯤좻폫뿍맛뗄SES횸뇪폐맘,좴쫇쟠짙쓪탄샭짧믡붡뾵잿폐솦뗄풤닢뇤솿ꆣChen뗈(2006)퓲랢쿖,볒춥뫍짧쟸SES뚼쓜풤닢쿻벫뗄탄샭쳘헷틔벰뗐틢뫍웧쫓뗈쳥퇩,뛸횻폐훷맛뗄SES뿉틔풤닢믽벫뗄탄샭쳘헷[17]ꆣ(쯄)폫탐캪컊쳢뗄맘쾵뛹춯뗄탐캪컊쳢춨뎣뇭쿖퓚힢틢좱쿝뛠뚯헏낭(ADHD)ꆢ욷탐늻솼ꆢ컯훊샄폃ꆢ쟠짙쓪뮳퓐틔벰랴짧믡탐캪뗈랽쏦ꆣ뗍SES벸뫵폫쯹폐헢킩컊쳢쿠솪쾵ꆣ웕춨뛹춯훐탐캪컊쳢뗄쇷탐돌뛈듳풼퓚3ꆫ6%횮볤,뛸살ퟔ뗍SES놳뺰뗄뛹춯탐캪컊쳢뗄랢짺싊퓲캪30%,풶풶룟폚잰헟[18]ꆣ듓욷탐늻솼살뾴,뗍쫕죫볒춥뗄뛹춯돶쿖욷탐헏낭뗄뿉쓜탔뇈웕춨뛹춯튪룟3ꆫ4놶[19]ꆣ뛸튻쿮ퟔ좻쪵퇩뇭쏷[20],춨맽쫕죫룉풤쪹볒춥ퟟ돶욶삧뿉틔쿔훸복짙뛹춯뗄욷탐헏낭뫍뛔솢캥뾹탔헏낭ꆣ듓컯훊쪹폃살뾴,뻆뺫쿻럑퓚룟SES쟠짙쓪훐뷏룟,뛸뻆뺫샄폃뫍돉퓲폫뗍SES폐맘[21]ꆣ퓚뿘훆쇋볒춥뗄짧믡뺭볃틲쯘횮뫳,힡퓚뷏짙뢻풣뻓쏱ꆢ룟쪧튵싊벰뗍쓽뻛솦짧쟸훐뗄뛹춯탐캪컊쳢뗃럖뷏룟[8],뛸쟒뻓힡퓚뒦뺳늻샻뗄짧쟸뿉쓜떼훂뛹춯듓춯쓪쪱웚떽쟠짙쓪쪱웚탐캪컊쳢뗄뛱뮯[22]ꆣ뗍SES짧쟸뗄쓐탔쟠짙쓪뇈룟SES짧쟸뗄쓐탔쟠짙쓪룼뿉쓜뻭죫놩솦탐캪,떱쯻쏇뺭샺톹솦탔짺믮쫂볾믲좱랦뢸쒸볠뚽쪱,폈웤뿉쓜뇭쿖돶듲볜믲놻듾늶뗈퇏훘뗄랸ퟯ탐캪[14]ꆣ죽ꆢ짧믡뺭볃뗘캻펰쿬뛹춯랢햹뗄샭싛쿠뛔폚횤쪵SES폫뛹춯랢햹맘쾵뗄듳솿퇐뺿뛸퇔,뛔SES죧뫎펰쿬뛹춯랢햹(벴ퟷ폃믺훆컊쳢)뗄첽쳖퓲뷏캪좱랦,쒿잰뗄샭싛훷튪폐솽훖:훐뷩쒣쪽폫뗷뷚쒣쪽ꆣ(튻)훐뷩쒣쪽훐뷩쒣쪽죏캪,SES놾짭늢늻믡펰쿬뛹춯랢햹,뛸쫇춨맽튻쾵쇐훐뷩맽돌살웰ퟷ폃뗄ꆣ훐뷩뇤솿쫇SES펰쿬뛹춯랢햹뗄쓚퓚믲쪵훊탔풭틲ꆣ퇐뺿헟쪶뇰돶듳솿뗄훐뷩뇤솿살샭뷢SES폫뛹춯뷡맻횮볤뗄맘쾵,헢킩뇤솿듳쳥짏냼삨뛹춯ퟔ짭뗄쳘헷ꆢ쯻쏇짺믮뗄볒춥ꆢ짧쟸틔벰톧킣놳뺰뗈(볻춼1)ꆣ탨튪쮵쏷뗄쫇,늻춬훐뷩횮볤뿉쓜믡쿠뮥펰쿬,떫캪쇋싛쫶뗄랽뇣,놾컄늻뛔헢튻컊쳢뷸탐럖컶ꆣꆡꆡ1.믹폚뛹춯ퟔ짭뗄훐뷩ꆣChen(2004)붫SES펰쿬뛹춯붡뾵뗄룶쳥쳘헷럖돉쯄듳샠[5]:(1)톹솦:SES뷏뗍뗄뛹춯뇈SES룟뗄뛹춯믡뺭샺룼뛠뢺탔짺믮쫂볾(톹솦풴),듓쳘뚨쫂볾훐룐횪떽뗄쿻벫펰쿬튲룼뛠(톹솦움볛),뷸뛸폫뛠훖뢺쏦뗄짺컯톧뫍탄샭뷡맻쿠솪쾵ꆣ(2)탄샭랳쓕:폫뷏룟SES뗄룶쳥쿠뇈,뷏뗍SES뗄룶쳥돉뎤폚웤훐뗄짧믡뮷뺳쪹쯻쏇룼틗쳥퇩뢺탔쟩탷,죧맻헢킩뢺탔쟩탷쳥퇩뻟폐짺컯톧뫳맻,퓲튲믡떼훂뷏닮뗄붡뾵ꆣ(3)죋룱쳘훊:폫뷏룟SES뗄룶쳥쿠뇈,뷏뗍SES뗄룶쳥룼뿉쓜뻟폐쒳킩웸훊쳘훊,죧뗐틢ꆢ늻샖맛ꆢ뗍ퟔퟰꆢ좱랦뿘훆룐뗈,헢킩쳘훊퓚룶쳥짺믮뗄짧믡뮷뺳훐뿉쓜뻟폐쫊펦탔,떫좴늻샻폚붡뾵ꆣ(4)붡뾵탐캪:폫뷏룟SES뗄룶쳥쿠뇈,뗍SES뗄룶쳥룼짙듓쫂붡뾵탐캪,죧짭쳥뛍솶ꆢ붡뾵틻쪳ꆢ늻컼퇌틔벰뷏짙뻃ퟸ탐캪뗈ꆣ평폚SES폫붡뾵뗄맘쾵퓚춯쓪쪱웚뗄쒳킩뷗뛎뇈웤쯻뷗뛎룼잿,Chen룼뷸튻늽쳡돶쇋춯쓪폐쿞탔쒣탍ꆢ쟠짙쓪춻쿖쒣탍틔벰돖탸탔쒣탍뛔듋뷸탐뷢쫍ꆣ107
춼1ꆡSES펰쿬뛹춯랢햹뗄훐뷩쒣쪽힢:탩쿟뿲AꆫD럖뇰뇭쪾룶쳥ꆢ볒춥ꆢ짧쟸뫍톧킣뗄훐뷩ꆣꆡꆡ2.믹폚볒춥뗄훐뷩ꆣ듓볒춥뗄컯훊풴살뾴,SES뷏뗍뗄볒춥퓚펪퇸뮷뺳ꆢ뻓힡쳵볾ꆢ릺싲뛹춯붡뾵놣쿕뗈랽쏦룼닮,룼쓑쳡릩뛹춯랢햹쯹뇘탨뗄훇솦듌벤닄쇏뫍쿠맘뺭샺,죧췦뻟ꆢ쫩벮ꆢ돤럖뗄죕볤헕쇏틔벰톧잰뷌폽뗈ꆣSmith(1997)뗄퇐뺿랢쿖[23],볒춥뮷뺳뗄훊솿(톧쾰믺믡ꆢ쒸ퟓ붻쇷틔벰컯샭뮷뺳)뛔뛹춯뗄죏횪랢햹폐뻞듳뗄펰쿬:볒춥뮷뺳뗄닮틬쓜뷢쫍볒춥쫕죫뛔톧잰뛹춯죏횪랢햹펰쿬뗄50%,쓜뷢쫍쫕죫뛔킡톧돉벨펰쿬뗄1/4ꆫ1/3ꆣ볒춥풴?랦쫇SES펰쿬뛹춯랢햹폈웤쫇짭쳥붡뾵폫죏횪랢햹뗄훘튪훐뷩ꆣ듓볒춥뗄탄샭짧믡맽돌살뾴,뗍SES뛔뛹춯랢햹뗄늻샻펰쿬훷튪춨맽쯼폫뢸쒸뗄쟩탷랳쓕ꆢ뷌퇸맛쓮틔벰뷌퇸탐캪뗈뗄솪쾵살쪵쿖ꆣ퓚헢랽쏦,볒춥톹솦쒣탍(familystressmodel)죏캪,볒춥쓚늿뗄욶삧믲뺭볃쯰쪧춨맽퓶볓뢸쒸뗄톹솦ꆢ뢸쒸뛔뺫짱벲뮼뗄틗룐탔틔벰뢺쏦뗄뷌퇸탐캪볤뷓떼훂뛹춯뗄뺫짱벲뮼ꆣ웤믹놾볙뚨쫇,뺭볃늻샻쳵볾폫뛹춯쫊펦횮볤뗄맘쾵쫜떽뷼뛋뮷뺳(죧볒춥)뺭퇩뗄훐뷩ꆣ룃쒣탍퓚뛠룶퇐뺿훐뗃떽쇋뷏뫃뗄퇩횤ꆣDavis-Kean(2005)랢쿖[24],뢸쒸쫜뷌폽돌뛈폫볒춥쫕죫춨맽뢸쒸뛔ퟓ얮뗄뷌폽웚췻폫탐캪(퓄뛁ꆢ폎쾷뫍컂얯)뛔뛹춯톧튵돉뻍닺짺볤뷓펰쿬ꆣYoder뗈(2005)랢쿖[25],볒춥뺭볃톹솦폫뢸쒸뗄틖폴횢ힴ폐맘,뷸뛸폫뢸쒸뗄뗐틢탐캪틔벰짭쳥얰듽폐맘;헢킩뷌퇸탐캪쪹쟠짙쓪뇭쿖돶뗍ퟔퟰ뫍틖폴횢ힴ,뷸뛸폫쟠짙쓪ퟔ즱틢쓮쿠솪쾵ꆣMistry뗈(2002)랢쿖[26],뷏뗍쮮욽뗄뺭볃탒뢣폫룐횪떽뷏룟뗄뺭볃톹솦춨맽뛔뢸쒸뗄탄샭탒뢣룐닺짺쿻벫펰쿬,살볤뷓펰쿬뢸쒸뗄뷌퇸탐캪;폐탄샭랳쓕뗄뢸쒸놨룦퓚폫뛹춯뗄탐캪뮥뚯랽쏦룐떽룼컞킧뫍룼컞쓜,맛달랢쿖쯻쏇퓚쟗ퟓ뮥뚯훐룼짙뇭듯낮틢;헢훖늻쫊틋뗄뷌퇸랽쪽뷸뛸풤닢쇋뷌쪦뛔뛹춯믽벫짧믡탐캪뗄뷏뗍움뚨뫍탐캪컊쳢뗄뷏룟움뚨ꆣ틲듋,죧맻뛹춯뒦폚욶삧볒춥횮훐,뛸욶삧볒춥랢짺쇋짏쫶튻쾵쇐뗄솬쯸랴펦,쓇쎴뻍뫜뿉쓜떼훂뛹춯랢햹랽쏦뗄컊쳢ꆣ3.믹폚짧쟸뗄훐뷩ꆣ뛔뛹춯살쮵,짧쟸쫇튻룶훘튪뗄짺첬뮷뺳ꆣ늻춬SES뛹춯쯹뻓힡뗄짧쟸퓚컯샭뫍짧믡뮷뺳랽쏦폐뷏듳닮틬,뗍SES훷튪춨맽틔쿂슷뺶펰쿬뛹춯뗄붡뾵랢햹:(1)뷰춶죫늻ퟣ,좱랦붡뾵쪳욷릩펦ꆢ폩샖짨쪩ꆢ늩컯망틔벰붡뾵뮤샭럾컱뗈훘튪뗄짧쟸풴;쿠랴,헢킩짧쟸펵폐룼뛠폐뚾컯훊ꆢ늡풭쳥틔벰컯샭짋몦(죧뗀슷늻욽헻)ꆣ(2)뗍SES짧쟸뎣뎣좱랦쇚108
샯탅죎ꆢ짧믡횧돖틔벰폐킧뗄짧믡췸싧;헢킩짧쟸훎낲ힴ뿶쇮죋뾰폇,룼뛠돶쿖랸ퟯ폫뷖춷놩솦,룼틗믱좡잹횧ꆢ떶뻟틔벰럇램튩컯,폐룼뛠쿻벫뗄춬냩펰쿬뫍돉죋뷇즫쒣탍[5]ꆣ뗍SES짧쟸훐짏쫶컯훊풴폫짧믡풴뗄좱랦뛔뛹춯뗄짭쳥붡뾵ꆢ죏횪뫍톧튵ꆢ짧믡쟩탷쫊펦뗈닺짺쇋늻샻뗄펰쿬ꆣEamon(2002)뗄퇐뺿랢쿖[27],짧쟸컊쳢뫍늻닎폫짧쟸믮뚯쫇욶삧ퟷ폃폚솽쓪뫳틖폴횢ힴ뗄늿럖훐뷩ꆣM[28]oren-Cross(2006)뗄퇐뺿랢쿖,룐횪떽뗄짧쟸풴(벯쳥킧쓜ꆢ럾컱헏낭ꆢ쿻벫뗄쇚뻓펰쿬ꆢ뛹춯뗘캻돉릦뗄뿉쓜탔틔벰ퟜ쳥뗄짧쟸움뚨)퓚볒춥쫕죫폫뛹춯컊쳢탐캪횮볤웰늿럖훐뷩ퟷ폃ꆣ4.믹폚톧킣뗄훐뷩ꆣ뗍SES톧짺뻍뛁뗄톧킣췹췹뺭럑춶죫늻ퟣ,헢붵뗍쇋믱뗃뷌뿆쫩폫웤쯻횸떼닄쇏ꆢ쪵퇩짨놸ꆢ춼쫩망님쫩틔벰웤쯻뷌폽풴뗄뿉쓜탔;헢킩톧킣췹췹뷌쪦뗷뚯욵랱,뷌톧훊솿욫뗍,좱랦룟쮮욽뗄뷌쪦뫍맜샭죋풱,돶쿖룼뛠볍싉컊쳢뫍믬싒뗄톧쾰뮷뺳ꆣ쇭췢,퓚톧킣뗄짧믡탄샭뮷뺳랽쏦,뷌쪦뫍춬냩뛔뗍SES뛹춯뗄첬뛈뫍탐캪뿉쓜튲룼볓쿻벫ꆣ헢킩쳘헷붵뗍쇋뗍SES톧짺뗄톧쾰뚯믺,퓶볓쇋톧튵쪧냜뫍톧뗄뿉쓜탔,튲퓶볓쇋쟩탷쫊펦뫍탐캪컊쳢뗄뿉쓜탔ꆣ(뛾)뗷뷚쒣쪽탨튪횸돶뗄쫇,늢늻쫇쯹폐뗍SES뛹춯뚼믡돶쿖랢햹컊쳢,폐뗄뗍SES뛹춯믡랢햹뗃뇈룟SES볒춥뗄뛹춯룼뫃,뗍SES뛔뛹춯랢햹늢늻뻟폐뻶뚨탔뗄ퟷ폃,헢웤훐짦벰쇋훚뛠뗷뷚뇤솿뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ뗷뷚쒣쪽첽쳖뗄쫇SES퓚뫎훖쳵볾쿂믡펰쿬뛹춯랢햹,벴SES폫뛹춯뷡맻횮볤맘쾵뗄랽쿲(헽믲뢺)뫍잿죵쫜쓄킩틲쯘뗄펰쿬(볻춼2)ꆣ퓚짭쳥붡뾵랽쏦,뎣볻뗄뗷뷚뇤솿폐쓪쇤ꆢ훖ퟥ틔벰웤쯻룶쳥쳘헷ꆣ듓쓪쇤살뾴,SES뗄붡뾵쳝뛈퓚짺쏼좫돌훐늻쫇만뚨늻뇤뗄,쿠랴퓚잿뛈짏믡쯦ퟅ짺쏼뷗뛎뗄늻춬뛸폐쯹뇤뮯ꆣChen뗈(2006)랢쿖,뛔폚쳘뚨뗄벲늡,SES폫쓪쇤횮볤듦춼2ꆡSES펰쿬뛹춯랢햹뗄뗷뷚쒣쪽퓚ퟅ붻뮥ퟷ폃,짋몦폫벱탔뫴컼벲늡뗄SES쳝뛈(뷏뗍SES냩쯦뷏닮뗄뷡맻)퓚쟠짙쓪쪱웚럇뎣쏷쿔;쿠랴,뫴컼벲늡뗄SES쳝뛈퓚춯쓪퓧웚돶쿖쇋랴ꆣ듓훖ퟥ놳뺰살뾴,SES폫붡뾵뗄맘쾵퓚늻춬훖ퟥ/쏱ퟥ훐듦퓚닮틬ꆣ뢸쒸쫜뷌폽쓪쿞뷏짙폫ퟓ얮붡뾵뷏닮쿠솪쾵뗄뒫춳랢쿖,퓚냗죋뫍뫚죋뛹춯훐ퟮ쿔훸,뛸퓚컷냠퇀틡폫퇇틡쏀맺뛹춯훐퓲늢늻쏷쿔[29]ꆣ뛹춯뗄웤쯻룶쳥쳘헷(죧뿘훆룐뗈)튲뻟폐뗷뷚ퟷ폃ꆣ폫뗍SES쟒죏캪뛔짺믮쎻폐뿘훆뗄룶쳥쿠뇈,쓇킩뗍SES떫죏캪ퟔ벺뛔짺믮폐룟뛈뿘훆뗄룶쳥폫룟SES룶쳥뗄붡뾵쟩뿶룼쿠쯆[30]ꆣ듋췢,늻춬쮮욽뗄SES닢솿횮볤튲듦퓚붻뮥ퟷ폃ꆣGoodman뗈(2003)뗄퇐뺿뇭쏷,뷏뗍뗄볒춥쫕죫뛔뻍뛁폚뢻풣톧킣뗄쟠짙쓪틖폴횢ힴ뗄펰쿬뇈뻍뛁폚욶삧톧킣뗄뗍솽돉,톧킣뮷뺳뿉틔늿럖뮺돥뷏뗍볒춥쫕죫뛔쟠짙쓪틖폴횢ힴ뗄늻샻펰쿬[15]ꆣ퓚죏횪랢햹폫톧튵돉뻍랽쏦,뎣볻뗄뗷뷚뇤솿폐쓪벶ꆢ훖ퟥ놳뺰ꆢ톧킣캻훃틔벰짧믡횧돖뗈ꆣ맘폚쓪벶쮮욽펰쿬SES폫톧튵돉뻍횮볤맘쾵뗄랢쿖늢늻튻훂ꆣColeman뗈(1966)뫍White(1982)뗄ퟛ쫶뇭쏷,쯦ퟅ톧짺쓪쇤뗄퓶뎤,SES폫톧킣돉뻍뗄맘쾵뇤킡쇋ꆣWhite쳡돶쇋솽훖뿉쓜뗄뷢쫍:뗚튻,톧킣쳡릩쇋욽뗈뗄뺭퇩,틲듋톧짺뷓쫜톧킣뷌폽뗄쪱볤풽뎤,볒춥SES뛔톧킣돉뻍뗄펰쿬뻍풽킡;뗚뛾,룼뛠뻟폐뗍SES놳뺰뗄톧짺톧쇋,틲듋붵뗍쇋쿠맘듳킡ꆣ뛸Sirin(2005)뗄풪럖컶퓲뇭쏷[2],SES폫톧튵돉뻍맘쾵뗄ퟜ쟷쫆쯦ퟅ쓪벶짽룟뛸쿔훸퓶뎤,듓킡톧뾪109
쪼돖탸떽돵훐;떫쫇뛔룟훐퇹놾뛸퇔,욽뻹뗄킧펦듳킡폫킡톧퇹놾쿠쯆ꆣ헢폫ퟝ쿲퇐뺿뗄랢쿖쿠컇뫏,벴뗍SES폫룟SES톧짺횮볤뗄닮뻠뿉쓜믡놣돖튻훂,죧맻쎻폐삩듳뗄뮰ꆣ듓훖ퟥ놳뺰살뾴,SES뛔냗죋톧짺톧튵돉뻍뗄풤닢ퟷ폃튪잿폚짙쫽쏱ퟥ톧짺ꆣ짺믮퓚뺭볃뗘캻뷏룟뗄짧쟸뛔죫톧ힼ놸뫍톧튵돉벨폐믽벫ퟷ폃,헢뿉쓜횻쫊폃폚얷틡쏀맺죋,뛸늻쫊폃폚짙쫽쏱ퟥ좺쳥ꆣ듓톧킣캻훃살뾴,폫럇돇쫐톧킣쿠뇈,볒춥SES폫톧튵돉뻍뗄맘쾵뛔돇쫐톧킣살쮵쫇ퟮ죵뗄,헢뿉쓜쫇평폚톧킣캻훃퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏뻶뚨쇋뷌폽훐뿉틔믱뗃뗄닆헾풴ꆣ쇭췢,짧믡횧돖뛔SES폫톧튵돉벨뗄맘쾵튲뻟폐뗷뷚ퟷ폃[31]ꆣ퓚쟩탷쫊펦폫컊쳢탐캪랽쏦,뎣볻뗄뗷뷚뇤솿폐쏱ퟥ/훖ퟥ뗈ꆣGoodman뗈(2002)랢쿖,쏱ퟥ/훖ퟥ뛔SES폫퇌닝쪹폃ꆢSES폫뿉뾨틲쪹폃뗄맘쾵뻟폐뗷뷚ퟷ폃ꆣ뛔폚퇌닝쪹폃,내헕쏱ퟥ/훖ퟥ럖닣뫳랢쿖,퓚냗죋럇컷냠퇀쟠짙쓪훐듦퓚랴쿲뗄쳝뛈맘쾵,뛸퓚럇냗죋쟠짙쓪훐듦퓚횱뷓뗄쳝뛈맘쾵ꆣ뛔폚뿉뾨틲쪹폃,쫜뷌폽쮮욽폫뿉뾨틲쪹폃횮볤뗄캢죵쿟탔맘쾵횻듦퓚폚냗죋럇컷냠퇀쟠짙쓪훐[32]ꆣ쯄ꆢ뛔뗍짧믡뺭볃뗘캻뛹춯뗄뷌폽벰헾닟붨틩죧짏쯹쫶,뗍SES믡춨맽뛠훖믺훆뛔뛹춯뛠랽쏦뗄랢햹뷡맻닺짺쿻벫펰쿬ꆣ틲듋닉좡믽벫뗄뷌폽뫍헾닟듫쪩,룄짆헢킩뒦뺳늻샻뛹춯뗄랢햹뻍럇뎣뇘튪,헢훷튪냼삨틔쿂벸랽쏦뗄릤ퟷꆣ뗚튻,쿻돽욶삧ꆣ쿻돽욶삧뛔폚뛹춯붡뾵돉뎤벰헻룶죋샠짧믡뗄랢햹뻟폐훘듳틢틥ꆣ헽죧쫀뷧컀짺ퟩ횯(WHO)쯹퇔,ꆰ벫뛈욶삧쫇쫀뷧짏ퟮ컞쟩뗄즱쫖,쫇뗘쟲짏ퟮ듳뗄춴뿠횮풴ꆱꆣ쿻돽욶삧쫇뾪싞맺볊죋뿚폫랢햹듳믡ꆶ탐뚯룙쇬ꆷ뫍솪뫏맺ꆰ잧쓪랢햹쒿뇪ꆱ뗄튻쿮훘튪쓚죝ꆣ훐맺헾뢮쪼훕냑쿻돽욶삧ꆢ퓶뷸죋쏱뢣ꆢ쪵쿖릲춬뢻풣ퟷ캪럜뚷쒿뇪ꆣ10뛠쓪살,훐맺헾뢮죏헦싄탐뛔맺볊짧믡뗄돐억,퓚듙뷸뺭볃뫍짧믡랢햹뗄춬쪱,뷸튻늽볓듳쇋쿻돽욶삧뗄솦뛈[33]ꆣ쒿잰컒맺뗄랴욶삧쫂튵좡뗃쇋쇮죋훵쒿뗄돉뻍,얩듥욶삧죋뿚틑듓1978쓪뗄215틚복짙떽쒿잰뗄2000뛠췲,욶삧랢짺싊듓31%쿂붵떽215%,떫죎컱죔좻쪮럖볨뻞ꆣ퓚좫쏦붨짨킡뾵짧믡ꆢ릹붨짧믡훷틥뫍킳짧믡뗄뷸돌훐,탨튪듳솦듙뷸돇쿧횮볤ꆢ뚫훐컷늿횮볤뺭볃뗄킭뗷랢햹,듙뷸풴뗄릫욽럖엤ꆣ횻폐듓룹놾짏쿻돽욶삧,닅쓜ퟮ듳쿞뛈복킡웤뛔뛹춯랢햹뗄캣몦ꆣ뗚뛾,볓잿뛔뗍SES뛹춯뗄탅쾢쫕벯뫍뿆톧퇐뺿ꆣ떱잰,헽쫇평폚뛔뗍SES뛹춯퇐뺿뗄좱랦,듓뛸떼훂헾뢮폫짧믡뛔뗍SES뛹춯랢햹컊쳢뗄뫶쫓뫍룉풤늻솦ꆣ틲듋,뷱뫳벱탨뾪햹룼뛠ꆢ룼캪맣랺뗄뿆톧퇐뺿,헢냼삨뛔뗍SES뛹춯뗄럖늼쳘뗣ꆢ랢햹뚯첬뗈훘튪탅쾢뗄쫕벯,뛔뗍SES펰쿬뛹춯랢햹뗄훐뷩뫍뗷뷚믺훆뷸탐짮죫퇐뺿,듓뛸캪헾뢮뫍짧믡뗄뻶닟폫룉풤릤ퟷ쳡릩뿆톧뗄틀뻝뫍랽램ꆣ퓚헢랽쏦,맺췢뗄뺭퇩뇭쏷,펦쳘뇰훘쫓늻춬톧뿆뗄뫏ퟷ폫붻쇷,ퟮ듳쿞뛈뗘랢믓룷ퟔ뗄톧뿆폅쫆ꆣ뗚죽,헾뢮펦볓잿뛔욶삧뛹춯뗄맘힢뫍놣뮤ꆣ욶삧뛹춯쫇뷌폽훐뗄죵쫆좺쳥,평폚웤톧잰웚뗄뷌폽믺믡뗃늻떽놣헏,떼훂웤죫톧뫳퓚폫춬쇤뛹춯뗄뺺헹훐뒦폚늻샻뗘캻,헢훖닮뻠폐쪱믡뷸튻늽닺짺샛믽킧펦뛸풽살풽듳,뛔헢킩뛹춯뗄톧튵돉릦ꆢ룶쳥ퟔ탅탄뫍웤쯻짧믡탔랢햹듸살컊쳢ꆣ헾뢮퓚훆뚨폐맘헾닟듫쪩쪱,펦쿲뒦뺳늻샻뛹춯쫊뛈쟣킱ꆣ뇈쪵탐틥컱뷌폽뗄좫늿쏢럑뻍쳥쿖돶뛔욶삧뛹춯뗄맘낮ꆣ춬쪱튲뿉뷨본맺췢튻킩ퟶ램,죧쪵탐쏢럑믲복볛킣닍ꆢ캪뗍쫕죫볒춥쳡릩뻍튵믺믡뗈뢣샻쿮쒿ꆣ폖죧쏀맺헾뢮폚2002쓪헽쪽춨맽ꆰ늻죃튻룶뛹춯실뫳램낸ꆱ(NoChildLeftBehindAct,볲돆NCLB),캪냯훺듲웆ꆰ욶삧ꆪꆪꆪ늻쪶ퟖꆪꆪꆪ욶삧ꆱ뗄늻솼톭뮷,NCLB110
붫퓧웚뛹춯뷌폽ꆢ돉죋쪶ퟖ믲돉죋믹뒡뷌폽뫍볒뎤뷌폽헻뫏돉캪튻룶춳튻뗄볒춥쪶ퟖ쿮쒿,쏼쏻캪ꆰ춬튻웰엜쿟ꆱꆣ쇭췢,캪쇋쯵킡욶삧뛹춯폫헽뎣뛹춯퓚톧튵짏뗄닮뻠,쪹욶삧뛹춯뗄잱쓜뗃틔돤럖랢믓늢캪죫톧ퟶ뫃ힼ놸,쏀맺솪냮헾뢮쳡릩듳솿늦뿮훺퓚톧잰뷌폽뷗뛎뾪햹헫뛔욶삧뛹춯뗄쳡잰뾪쪼쿮쒿(HeadStart),룃쿮쒿뺭맽40뛠쓪뗄랢햹,틑뺭쪹풽살풽뛠뗄죵쫆뛹춯쫜믝ꆣ뗚쯄,볓잿짧쟸붨짨ꆣ튻랽쏦,볓듳뷰춶죫솦뛈,쳡짽뗍SES짧쟸뗄튽쇆놣붡ꆢ짺믮폩샖ꆢ냬톧쳵볾뗈럾컱릦쓜ꆣ뿉내헕룷짧쟸뛹춯벰웤볒춥쳘뗣,쳹뷼뛹춯뗄짺믮쪵볊ꆢ내헕뛹춯짭탄랢햹뗄맦싉퓚짺믮훐톰헒뫍췚뻲뷌폽뗄쯘닄폫웵믺,ퟩ횯탎쪽뛠퇹ꆢ탂펱뗄믮뚯살틽랢룐뚯,듙웤돉뎤ꆣ쇭튻랽쏦,볓잿짧쟸훎낲맜샭,풤럀뫍복짙짧쟸랸ퟯ,펪퓬폐샻폚뛹춯쟠짙쓪돉뎤뗄짧믡뫍탄샭뮷뺳ꆣ뗚컥,욶삧볒춥믽벫탐뚯웰살,듓킡맘낮뛹춯뗄돉뎤폫뷌폽ꆣ뢸쒸펦얬솦뒴퓬쳵볾,캪ퟓ얮쳡릩쫩벮ꆢ췦뻟뗈죏횪듌벤닄쇏,틔벰싃폎ꆢ죕볤헕쇏ꆢ톧잰뷌폽뗈쿠맘뺭샺ꆣ욶삧뿉쓜쪹뢸쒸뗄쟩탷랳쓕폫쿻벫뗄뷌퇸랽쪽퓶볓ꆣ컯훊짺믮뗄욶랦룸뢸쒸벰몢ퟓ뗄짺믮뚼퓬돉쇋뻞듳뗄펰쿬ꆣ쯤좻컯훊짺믮늻쓜퓚뛌웚쓚뗃떽뫜듳룄짆,좻뛸룸폨몢ퟓ룼뫃뗄퇔뒫짭뷌좴쫇뢸쒸쓜ퟶ떽뗄ꆣ뢸쒸펦룃훷뚯틢쪶떽헢튻뗣,뗷헻뫃ퟔ벺뗄탄첬벰쟩탷,뺡뿉쓜복짙욶삧뛔몢ퟓ퓬돉뗄늻샻펰쿬ꆣ뗚쇹,틀뾿짧믡솦솿,맘낮욶삧뛹춯ꆣ뛹춯돐퓘쇋볒춥짵훁쫇헻룶짧믡뗄웚췻,듳볒펦릲춬맘힢뛹춯뗄붡뾵돉뎤ꆣ쒿잰,컒맺뛔욶삧뛹춯뗄훺훷튪평헾뢮ꆢ믹뷰살릲춬췪돉ꆣ좻뛸,튻킩럇헾뢮ퟩ횯튲뾪쪼캪훐맺냙탕쳡릩닎폫죋뿚쫂컱뗄욽첨,훐맺죋뻨훺듈짆쫂튵뗄죈쟩풽살풽룟헇ꆣ늻짙뢻풣웰살뗄룶죋뫍쮽펪웳튵뾪쪼믽벫뻨훺욶삧뗘쟸뗄럶욶ꆢ뢾얮뫍뷌폽쿮쒿ꆣ떫쫇,훐맺뗄럇헾뢮ퟩ횯짐뒦폚랢햹뷗뛎,럇헾뢮ퟩ횯뗄믮뚯훷튪뮹뻖쿞퓚돇쫐,퓚맣듳얩듥뫍욶삧실뫳뗘쟸,럇헾뢮ퟩ횯뗄짹틴뮹뇈뷏캢죵ꆣ늢쟒,럇헾뢮ퟩ횯횮볤ꆢ럇헾뢮ퟩ횯폫헾뢮횮볤짐캴탎돉폐킧뗄릵춨쟾뗀뫍붻쇷믺훆,쿞훆쇋쯼쏇뛔짧믡쫂컱뗄닎폫뫍뛔헾뢮뻶닟뗄펰쿬솦[33]ꆣ틲듋,탨튪뷸튻늽랢뚯짧믡췅쳥ꆢ믺릹틔벰웳튵뗈짧믡솦솿,틽떼럇헾뢮ퟩ횯닎폫뫍횴탐헾뢮럶욶뾪랢쿮쒿,붨솢룷ퟩ횯폫헾뢮볤뗄폐킧릵춨쟾뗀,탎돉좫짧믡뚼살맘힢욶삧뛹춯랢햹뗄솼뫃럕캧,쪹쯻쏇룐쫜떽짧믡뗄헦헽뫍킳ꆢ맘낮벰컂얯,듙뷸쯻쏇뗄붡뾵뫍좫쏦랢햹ꆣ닎뾼컄쿗:[1]ꆡ쫦뢻쏱.훐맺좫쏦킡뾵랢햹놨룦[M].놱뺩:짧믡뿆톧컄쿗돶냦짧,2006.[2]ꆡ:Ameta-analyticreviewofresearch[J].ReviewofEducationalResearch,2005,75:417-453.[3]ꆡGOODMANE,ADLERNE,KAWACHII,:Developmentande2valuationofanewindicator[J].Pediatrics,2001,108:e31.[4]ꆡWARDLEJ,ROBBK,:Thevalidityofahomeaf2fluencescale[J].JournalofEpidemiology&CommunityHealth,2002,56:595-599.[5]ꆡ[J].CurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalSci2ence,2004,13:112-115.[6]ꆡ췵쫧뻼.튻돉뛠훐킡톧짺펪퇸폐컊쳢[N].죋쏱죕놨,2007-05-18(5).[7]ꆡCHENE,MARTINAD,:Dogradientsdifferwithinchild2hoodandadolescence?[J]ꆡSocialScience&Medicine,2006,62:2161-2170.[8]ꆡKOHENDE,BROOKS-GUNNJ,LEVENTHALT,
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:psychologicalandeducationalmeasurement;validity;reconstructAStudyoftheRelationshipbetweenSeniorHighSchoolCurriculumEvaluationandCollegeEntranceꆡExaminationandEvaluation(byZHOULi2qun,XIAOJian2chun)Abstract:Thefunctionofseniorhighschoolcurriculumevaluationandcollegeentranceexaminationandevaluationisdifferent,,,thefollowingshouldbedone:theeducationalfunctionofexaminationandevaluationshouldbestressed;prominenceshouldbegiventothecheckonstudentspiabilityandquality;,:seniorhighschoolcurriculumevaluation;collegeentranceexaminationandevaluation;reforminnewcurriculumAComparativeStudyoftheEvaluationSystemofHigherTechnologicalandVocationalEducationbetweenꆡChinesemainlandandTaiwanDistrict(byMAZao2mingCHENMiao)Abstract:Educationevaluation,whichpromotesthequalityofeducation,,analysesthecauseswhichleadtothedifferencesbetweenthetwoevaluationsystems,:highertechnologicalandvocationaleducation;Chinesemainland;TaiwandistrictLowSocioeconomicStatusandChildDevelopment(byZHANGWei,LIDong2ping,XIEZhi2jie)Abstract:Socioeconomicstatus(SES),cognitivedevelopment,emotionaladaptationandbehaviorproblems,:,:socioeconomicstatus(SES);childdevelopment;disadvantagedchildrenFamilyEnvironmentofMigrantChildren:CharacteristicanditsEffectsonChildrenpisSelf2Esteem(bySHENJi2liang,HUXin2yi,LIUXia)Abstract:(FES)andself2esteemscales(SES):(1)Familyeconomiccapital,humancapitalandinsidesocialcapitalofmigrantchildrenaresignificantlylowerthantheurbanchildren.(2)Thechildrenwhohavebeenmigratingfor1-3yearshavethehighestinsidefamilysocialcapital.(3),:migrantchildren;familyenvironment;globalself2esteem;stateself2esteemPsychologicalDevelopmentProblemsofChildrenLeftinRuralAreasandTheirSolutions(byZHOUZong2kui,SUNXiao2jun,FANCui2ying)Abstract:Alongwiththetremendoustransferofthecountryresiduallabourforce,onenewsocialcolonyꆪꆪꆪchil2drenleftintheruralareas,,learning,,,school,:socialeconomicstatus;childrenleftintheruralareas;psychologicaldevelopment;separatedfromparenthoodAStudyoftheCharacterandBehaviorofHomelessChildren(byLIXiao2dong,CHENYi,GAOQiu2feng)Abstract:Thisstudyexaminedthecharacterandbehaviorof75homelesschildrenincomparisonwithtwosamplesof88migrantchildrenand72normalschool2agechildren,whoseaverageagesare14172,13101,,comparedwiththemigrantchildrenandthenormalschool2agechildren,thelevelofself2controlandself2conceptionofhomelesschildrenarelower;theyaremoreinclinedtopursuethepleasurehereandnow;andtheinclinationofpotentialguiltofhomelesschildrenarehigherthantheothertwotypesofchildren;theyhavemorebehaviorproblemssuchasde2pendence,anxiety,withdrawal,impulse,:homelesschildren;character;behavior160
