Chinese Banking System
vs
American Banking System
Chinese Banking system
central bank
Policy banks
Commercial banks
People’s Bank of China
The PBC was established on December 1, 1948 based on the consolidation of the former Huabei Bank, Beihai Bank and Xibei Farmer Bank. PBC engaged in both policy and commercial banking operations.
Its headquarter is in Shanghai
In September 1983, the State Council decided to have the PBC function as a central bank.
In 1995,The Law of the People's Republic of China on the People's Bank of China was enacted, and this law was amended in 2003.
PBC’s Functions
Conduct monetary policy
Prevent and dissolve financial risks
Maintain financial stability under the leadership of the State Council
Commercial Banks in China
state-owned
commercial banks
Joint-equity
commercial banks
Other
Chinese Banks
Foreign
Commercial Banks
Reform
At first ,there four wholly state-owned commercial banks
After china’s entry to the WTO, the government started to implement a phased reform.
The financial restructuring started with the BOC( the Bank of China) and the CCB at the end of 2003, and then 2005 the ICBC.
At present, there is only one wholly state-owned commercial bank-ABC.
State-owned Commercial banks
The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) set up in 1984
The agricultural Bank of China ( ABC)
The Bank of China (BOC)
The China Construction Bank (CCB)
Joint-equity Commercial banks
股份制商业银行
14 nationwide Joint-equity Commercial banks
China Minsheng Bank ，Huaxia Bank ，Everbright Bank of China ，CITIC Industrial Bank ，Bank of China， Construction Bank of China
Evergrowing Bank Co,ltd (恒丰银行)
Shanghai Pudong Development Bank ，Bank of Communications ；
China Zheshang Bank
Industrial Bank （兴业银行） ；
Shenzhen Development Bank ；China merchants bank(招商银行）；
Guangdong Development Bank 。
Local commercial banks:
Bank of Beijing Bank of Shanghai
Credit Association: Rural Credit Union and Cooperative Banks
post office savings bank
Others
Foreign Banks
National City Bank of New York
Hong Kong and Shang Hai Banking Corporation
The Charted Bank
Bank of East Asia
Hang Seng Bank
DBS Group 星展银行（中国）有限公司
PS: In 2007,the six banks mentioned above can engage in RMB business .
Policy Banks
Agricultural Development Bank of China
The State Development Bank
The Export and Import Bank of China
Policy Banks
These three policy banks were established in 1994 to facilitate the separation of policy banking from commercial baking operations
They play a special role in financing major infrastructural projects and promoting agricultural development and international trade and investment
美国金融体系
American
financial
system
Federal Reserve
System
Commercial bank
system
Non-bank finacial
institutions
A Brief History
the 1st bank –, Bank of North America was set up officially managed privately
1791-the first bank of the United States
1817-the second bank of the United States
free-banking era: 1837-1862, US has no official central banks
1862-1913，a national bank was formed
截止到1995年底，美国共有商业银行12067家，比高峰时期已经减少了36％。
至2003年年底美国有7800多家银行。
在美国银行体系中，资本在10亿美元以下的小银行占了绝大多数。美国的8500家银行中，中小银行占银行总数的八成，却只控制着总计%的银行资本。
News
美国银行业监管部门——联邦储蓄保险公司（FDIC）2009年2月26日公布的报告显示，随着住房和信贷危机升级，去年第四季度美国银行业出现18年来的首次季度亏损。
报告说，美国商业银行和吸储机构去年第四季度共亏损262亿美元，为1990年第四季度以来的首次季亏，也是FDIC开始此项统计25年来的最高季度亏损额。去年全年，美国银行业共实现盈利161亿美元，为1990年以来最低。
报告显示，在全美约8500家商业银行和吸储机构中，截至第四季度末共有252家被列入“问题银行”名单，远高于第三季度末的171家；银行业“问题资产”（即还款逾期90天以上的贷款）从前一季度的1160亿美元升至1590亿美元。
年初以来，共有14家商业银行和吸储机构被关闭，去年全年为25家。FDIC估计，银行倒闭事件不断增加将使该机构的“存款保险基金”在未来4年内损失约400亿美元。截至去年年底，该基金余额为189亿美元，远低于一年前的524亿美元，为1993年以来最低水平。
Federal Reserve Banks
. FRS was established in 1913, when there existance of a lot shortcomings.
Currently, there are 12 regional federal reserve banks and 25 branches.
Federal Reserve Bank of Boston/ NY/ Philadephia/ Cleveland/ Richmand/ Atlanta/ Chicago/ ST. Louis/ Minneapolis/ Kansas City/ Dallas/ San Francisco
Functions of FRS
Monetary policy
Treasury agent
Supervision of private banks
Prevent and dissolve financial risks
Commercial Banking System
The biggest institution for deposits, almost controling ¾ of the national deposits.
50 biggest ones and 10 super ones
National banks
Categories State banks
Non-state member banks
Others：private banks，banker's banks，Trusts，industrial banks and some saving banks。
美国的商业银行总是和大财团有着密切相关，并与其财团所拥有的大公司有着密切的金融关系和人事结合关系
Some Famous Commercial Banks
Citibank and Citigroup Inc.
Bank of America and Bank America Corp.
JP Morgan Chase
Chemical banks and Chemical New York Corp.
Manufacturer's Hanover Trust Company
US Bancorp （美国合众银行）
United Commercial Bank (联合银行集团 )
Wachovia
Washington Mutual
Sun Trust
bankers trust company
Savings Institutions
Mutual savings banks美国互助储蓄银行
Savings and loan associations 储蓄放款协会
Credit union 信贷公会
Specialized financial institutions of the Government 政府专业金融机构
Agricultural credit institutions Federal Land Banks
Federal Intermediate Credit Bank
Banks for Cooperatives
Federal Home Loan Bank System
Home credit institutions
Federal National Mortgage Association
Federal deposit insurance corporation
Export -import bank of the United States
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