뗚33뻭뗚3웚뷌톧퇐뺿쓪5퓂ResearchinTeachingMay2010잳첸뇪잩샭싛퓚톧킣뷌폽훐뗄퓋폃탬듺헤1쿲뚫뒺2ꎨ1.뫾쓏뿆벼듳톧얩듥뷌폽룄룯폫랢햹퇐뺿믹뗘ꎻ2.뫾쓏뿆벼듳톧뷌폽톧풺ꎬ뫾쓏쿦첶411201ꎩ[햪튪]뇪잩샭싛쫇짧믡탄샭톧볒폃살쮵쏷짧믡풽맬쿖쿳뗄튻훖샭싛ꎬ뛔뷢쫍뷌폽훐뗄컊쳢폐훘튪뷨본틢틥ꆣ뇪잩샭싛퓚톧킣뷌폽훐뇭쿖캪뛔톧짺뗄뷇즫떼쿲ퟷ폃ꎬ캪놣횤뇪잩샭싛퓚톧킣뷌폽훐뗄뫏샭퓋폃ꎬ뷌폽릤ퟷ헟펦룃뛔톧짺닉좡뛠풪ꆢ뚯첬뗄뷌쪦웚췻ꎬ뒴짨릫욽ꆢ릫헽뗄뷌폽짺첬뮷뺳ꎬ쪵쪩짷ꆢ폽ꆢ믮뗄뷌폽움볛ꆣ[맘볼듊]뇪잩ꎻ뇪잩샭싛ꎻ톧킣뷌폽[훐춼럖샠뫅]G44[컄쿗뇪쪶싫]A[컄헂뇠뫅]1005-4634(2010)03-0035-05뇪잩샭싛ퟷ캪랢뛋폚쏀맺뗄짧믡톧샭싛ꎬ퓚탎돉ꆰ듎벶풽맬ꆱ탐캪ꎬ늢ퟮ훕쇮쯻쿝죫ꆰ풽맬뷢쫍풽맬탐캪쪱폐훘듳뗄릱쿗ꎬퟔ20쫀볍70쓪짺퇄ꆱꎬ돉캪횰튵풽맬헟ꆣ듺ꎬ펢맺훸쏻뗄짧믡톧볒샗C샯쮹쳘붫웤퓋폃떽럖컶톧킣뷌폽맽돌뫳ꎬ뇪잩샭싛뛔뷌폽쪵볹뗄펦뇪잩샭싛뗄쳘즫폃뫍ퟷ폃죕틦뗃떽죋쏇뗄훘쫓ꆣ쓇쎴ꎬ죧뫎샭뷢뇪잩샭싛퓚퇐뺿풽맬헟뗄풽맬탐캪쪱ꎬ늻쫇듓뇪잩샭싛퓚톧킣뷌폽훐뗄뇭쿖ꎬ퓚쿖뷗뛎쪵쪩탂풽맬헟놾짭뗄틲쯘ꎬ죧뚯믺탐캪뗈랽쏦살톰헒ꎬ뛸뿎돌룄룯뗄톧킣뷌폽훐펦룃죧뫎퓋폃ꆰ뇪잩ꆱ쓘ꎿ쫇듓췢퓚좺쳥믲룶죋뛔풽맬헟뗄펰쿬살럖컶ꎬ웤헢헽쫇놾컄튪첽쳖뗄컊쳢ꆣ훷튪듺뇭죋컯놴뿋뛻닉폃짧믡뷧뚨뗄맛뗣살뷢쫍풽맬탐캪ꎬ폐뇰폚틔췹뛔풽맬탐캪뗄뷢쫍톧쮵ꎬ뛔1뇪잩샭싛뗄쓚몭폫쳘즫뷢쫍톧킣뷌폽훐뗄튻킩컊쳢춬퇹쫊폃ꆣ뇪잩샭싛뗄쓚몭뇪잩샭싛뗄뗚튻룶쳘즫쫇죏캪풽맬탐캪쫇쿠뇪잩샭싛ꎨ뛔뗄ꎬ뛸늻쫇뻸뛔뗄ꆣ뇪잩샭싛톧헟죏캪ꎬ탐캪Labelingtheoryꎩ폖돆뇪횾싛ꎬ쫇틔짧믡톧볒삳쒬쳘ꎨ놾짭늢컞ꆰ풽맬ꆱ뗄쳘훊ꎬ뛸쫇죋쏇춨맽짧믡맦ꎩ뫍놴뿋뛻ꎨHowardBeckerꎩ뗄샭싛캪믹뒡뛸탎돉뗄튻훖짧믡랶뗄뷧뚨횮뫳ꎬ쓇킩늻럻뫏짧믡맦랶뗄탐캪뻍돉릤ퟷ샭싛ꎬ쯼듓럻뫅뮥뚯싛뗄뷇뛈살첽쳖풽맬탐캪풽맬탐캪[1]ꆣ돏죧뗀룱삭쮹쯹퇔ꎺꆰ풽맬쫇놻짧캪ꎬ쫇뷢쫍풽맬탐캪죧뫎닺짺뗄샭싛ꎬ튲쫇랴뛔믡벯췅돉풱쏇에뛏캪캥랴쯻쏇뗄볛횵맛쓮믲짧믡쓇킩늻헽좷뗘훆퓬욫닮탐캪뗄샭싛ꆣ룃샭싛붫놳ힼ퓲뗄죎뫎쮼쿫ꆢ룐쟩ꆢ믲탐캪ꆱ[2]ꆣ튲뻍쫇쮵ꎬ샫짧믡맦랶뫍웆뮵짧믡뿘훆뗄탐캪ꎬ벴풽맬탐캪ꎬ쫇짧믡뿘훆떼훂쇋풽맬탐캪ꎬ뛸늻쫇풽맬탐캪떼럖캪돵벶풽맬뫍듎벶풽맬ꎬ늢쟒죏캪쎿튻룶죋뚼훂쇋짧믡뿘훆ꆣ평폚폐짧믡뿘훆좨뗄죋뫍벯췅뗄폐ꆰ돵벶풽맬ꆱ탐캪ꎨ돵벶풽맬탐캪쫇튻훖잱퓚쫓뷇늻춬ꎬ뿉쓜뛔춬튻뿍맛쫂컯뢳폨늻춬뗄틢틥ꎬ뗄ꆢ쏘쏜뗄ꆢ늻캪쯻죋쯹횪뗄풽맬탐캪ꎬ폐쪱짵듓뛸탎돉늻춬뗄훷맛죏쪶ꎬ벴뛔춬튻쫂컯ꆢ춬튻훁솬탐캪헟ퟔ짭튲쎻폐틢쪶떽헢쫇튻훖풽맬탐캪ꆣ탐캪틲쪱ꆢ틲뗘퓚늻춬뗄죋믲벯췅ꆢ좺쳥훐뿉쓜뛸듎벶풽맬쫇횸쓇킩놻쳹짏뇪잩뗄풽맬헟뢴랢풽믡탎돉늻춬뗄뾴램ꆣ췆뛸맣횮떽뷌폽짏ꎬ탂뿎룄맬탐캪ꎩꎬ죧맻헢샠탐캪놻릫늼폚훚ꎬ뛸쟒훜캧뗄잰뫳ꎬ죋쏇뛔춬튻룶컊쳢뗄첬뛈튲쫇늻춬뗄ꆣ샽죋튲쫓듋죋캪풽맬탐캪헟ꎨ벴붫듋죋쳹짏ꆰ풽맬죧ꎬ탂뿎돌룄룯튪쟳튪ퟰ훘톧짺ꎬ냼삨ퟰ훘폐맽헟ꆱ뗄뇪잩ꎩ쪱ꎬ짧믡뗄랴펦ꎨ냼삨통돢ꆢ퓰싮ꆢ듭믲퇏훘좱뗣뗄톧짺ꎬ헢퓚탂뿎룄틔잰뗄톧킣뷌웧쫓ꆢ돍랣뗈ꎩ뻍믡쪹쯻뗄뒦뺳랢짺뇤뮯ꎬ듓뛸폽훐ꎬ놻죏캪뷌쪦ퟝ죝톧짺ꎻퟰ훘폫뷌쪦틢볻늻튻훂뗄톧짺ꎬ퓚탂뿎룄틔잰뗄톧킣뷌폽훐ꎬ놻죏[쫕룥죕웚]2009-09-18[믹뷰쿮쒿]뫾쓏쪡룟킣뒴탂욽첨뾪럅믹뷰쿮쒿ꎨ뇠뫅ꎺ09K079ꎩ[ퟷ헟볲뷩]탬듺헤ꎨ1981-ꎩꎬ얮ꎬ뫓쓏탅퇴죋ꆣ쮶쪿퇐뺿짺ꎬ훷튪퇐뺿랽쿲캪뷌폽풭샭ꎻ쿲뚫뒺ꎨ1975-ꎩꎬ얮ꎬ뫾쓏뚴뿚죋ꎬ뢱뷌쫚ꎬ늩쪿ꎬ훷튪퇐뺿랽쿲캪뷌폽맜샭ꆣ
36뷌톧퇐뺿2010캪쫇톧짺맊틢떷싒ꎬ뷌쪦쎻폐맜뫃톧짺ꆣퟛ짏쯹쫶ꎬ뇪잩랢믓뗄ퟷ폃쫇잱틆쒬뮯뗄ꎬ뇪뇪잩샭싛뗄뗚뛾룶쳘즫쫇죏캪뇪잩뗄헅쳹뻟잩쯹듸살뗄펰쿬쫇늻죝킡뗄ꆣ퓚톧킣뷌폽훐ꎬ뇪폐톡퓱탔ꆣ뇪잩샭싛죏캪늢럇쯹폐뗄풽맬탐캪뚼잩킧펦듸살뗄펰쿬컞뒦늻퓚ꎬ듓뇪잩샭싛뗄쓚몭믡놻쳹짏뇪잩ꆣ횻폐놻ꆰ훘튪쯻죋ꆱꎨ횸쓇킩폫풽폫쳘즫훐ꎬ뿉틔뾴돶뇪잩샭싛퓚톧킣뷌폽훐뗄뇭맬헟쾢쾢쿠맘뗄죋ꎬ쯻쏇폫풽맬헟쟗쏜뷓뒥ꎬ퓚쿖훷튪쫇뇪잩뛔톧짺뗄뷇즫떼쿲ꆣ풽맬헟헻룶풽맬탐캪뗄퇸돉맽돌훐ꎬ냧퇝ퟅ튻룶뷒슶헟뫍탻뒫헟뗄뷇즫ꎩ뻵달ꎬ늢릫늼폚훚뗄돵2뷇즫떼쿲ꎺ뇪잩샭싛퓚톧킣뷌폽훐뗄뇭쿖벶풽맬탐캪ꎬ닅믡놻헅쳹쿠펦뗄ꆰ풽맬탐캪ꆱ뗄1ꎩ뇪잩뇪뚨풽맬탐캪뗄쿠뛔탔쳡탑죋쏇튪힢뇪잩ꆣ죧맻돵벶풽맬탐캪쎻폐놻ꆰ훘튪쯻죋ꆱ랢틢컊쳢닺짺뗄놳뺰ꎬ힢틢컊쳢뗄뻟쳥탔ꆢ맽돌탔ꆢ쿖ꎬ풽맬헟놾죋튲늻죏캪쫇풽맬탐캪쪱ꎬ뻍늻믡뢴퓓탔ꆣ퓚톧킣뷌폽훐ꎬ뷌쪦뛔톧짺움볛뗄볛횵놻쳹짏풽맬뇪잩ꆣ뫜쏷쿔ꎬ평폚죋쏇퓚짧믡훐쯹맛틔벰뷌쪦움볛첬뛈뗄뇤뮯뫍뇪잩뇪뚨뗄쿠뛔탔뒦뗄뗘캻늻춬ꎬ뻟폐춬퇹뗄풽맬탐캪뗄죋놻짧믡폐릲춨횮뒦ꆣ컣펹훃틉ꎬ뷌폽움볛놾훊짏쫇냑컕뇪잩캪풽맬뗄뿉쓜탔쫇늻춬뗄ꆣ뇪잩헅쳹뗄톡퓱뷌폽쿖쿳볛횵뗄에뛏믮뚯ꆣ뒫춳뷌톧훘뷡싛ꎬ쟡탔쳥쿖쇋뇪잩뗄헅쳹퓚짧믡뷗닣훐뗄늻릫욽ꎬ퓚맽돌ꎻ탂뿎돌룄룯잿뗷뿉돖탸랢햹뫍훕짭톧쾰ꎬ잿뷌폽훐춬퇹죧듋ꆣ샽죧ꎬ퓚뛔듽ퟷ뇗뗄컊쳢짏ꎬ톧뗷뷌쪦튪훘뷌톧뷡싛ꎬ룼튪훘뷌톧맽돌ꆢ톧짺뗄쾰돉벨닮뗄톧짺퓚헢훖쟩탎쿂ꎨ횸뷢듰돶쓑쳢뫳ꎩꎬ첽쯷맽돌ꆣ잿뗷첽쯷맽돌틢캶ퟅ톧짺튪쏦쇙컊쳢놻뇪뚨캪ꆰ뎭쾮ꆱ뗄뿉쓜탔룼듳튻킩ꎻ뛸톧쾰돉뫍삧믳ꆢ듬헛뫍쪧냜ꎬ튲틢캶ퟅ톧짺뿉쓜뮨뫜뛠벨뫃뗄톧짺틲웤욽쪱톧쾰돉벨뫃,놻쳹짏ꆰ뎭쾮ꆱ쪱볤뫍뺫솦ꎬ뷡맻좴튻컞쯹믱ꆣ퓚헢룶맽돌훐ꎬ뷌뇪잩뗄뿉쓜탔뻍킡튻킩,믲늻놻쳹뇪잩쪦펦룃맄샸ꆢ벤샸ꆢ틽떼ꆢ듙뷸톧짺ꎬ죃톧짺쏷,뷶뷶놻뾴ퟷ쫇탐쪹웤쳘뚨좨샻ꎨ듰낸쫇릲춬쳖싛뗄뷡맻ꎬ돉냗헢튻맽돌쫇튻룶죋톧쾰ꆢ짺듦ꆢ짺뎤ꆢ랢햹ꆢ뒴벨뫃뗄톧짺폐좨떱돉ퟔ벺뗄톧쾰돉맻ꎩ뛸틑ꆣ튲퓬쯹뇘탫뺭샺뗄맽돌ꎬ튲쫇튻룶죋쓜솦ꆢ훇믛랢뻍쫇쮵ꎬ짧믡믲톧킣뷌폽훐뗄죵쫆좺쳥룼죝틗놻햹뗄쓚퓚튪쟳ꆣꆶ돵훐쫽톧탂뿎돌뇪ힼꆷ쏷좷횸돶ꎬ쳹짏뇪잩ꆣꆰ움볛뗄훷튪쒿뗄쫇캪쇋좫쏦쇋뷢톧짺뗄쫽톧톧쾰뇪잩샭싛뗄뗚죽룶쳘즫쫇죏캪풽맬탐캪쫇짧샺돌ꎬ벤샸톧짺뗄톧쾰뫍룄뷸뷌쪦뗄뷌톧ꆭꆭ뛔믡뮥뚯뗄뷡맻ꎬ뇪잩튻떩탎돉늢뺭만뮯뫳ꎬ뻍늻쫽톧톧쾰뗄움볛튪맘힢톧짺톧쾰뗄뷡맻ꎬ룼튪맘틗룄뇤ꆣ뇪잩샭싛죏캪ꎬ평ꆰ돵벶풽맬ꆱ쿲ꆰ듎힢쯻쏇톧쾰뗄맽돌ꎻ튪맘힢톧짺쫽톧톧쾰뗄쮮욽ꎬ벶풽맬ꆱ뗄뮯,늻쫇춻좻쪵쿖뗄ꎬ뛸쫇퓚늻춬돌룼튪맘힢쯻쏇퓚쫽톧믮뚯훐쯹뇭쿖돶살뗄쟩룐폫뛈짏붻쳦탎돉뗄ꎬ볲떥뗘붲ꎬ뻍쫇놻쯻죋샭뷢폫첬뛈ꎬ냯훺톧짺죏쪶ퟔ컒ꎬ붨솢탅탄ꆣꆱ춬쪱ꎬ퓚ퟔ컒샭뷢ꆢ쳹뇪잩폫놻쳹뇪잩횮볤늻뛏뮥뚯뗄맽뛔듽ꆰ닮짺ꆱꆢꆰ컊쳢짙쓪ꆱꆢꆰ럇헽쪽좺쳥ꆱ뗈컊쳢돌ꆣ튻떩풽맬헟놻쳹짏뇪잩ꎬ뺭풽맬헟ퟔ컒죏춬ꎬ짏ꎬ뷌쪦뗄첬뛈틑뺭믲헽퓚랢짺ퟅ뇤뮯ꎺ뛔쯹캽쓚뮯캪튻훖짺믮랽쪽ꎬ짧믡뛔풽맬헟뗄첬뛈뻍늻뗄ꆰ닮짺ꆱ늻쫇튻냴ퟓ듲쯀ꎬ뛸쫇랢쿖쯻쏇뗄직믡룄뇤ꎬ뻍믡랺뮯웤탐캪ꎬ튲늻믡캪풽맬헟ꆰ좥맢뗣ꎬ듙웤짏뷸ꎻꆰ컊쳢짙쓪ꆱ늢럇쪮뛱늻짢ꎬꆰ탠뇪잩뮯ꆱ쳡릩믺믡ꎬ헢퇹뗄뷡맻뇘좻쫇짧믡뛔좷쒾늻뿉뗱ꆱꎬ뛸쫇뿉틔볓틔틽떼뫍뗷뿘뗄ꎻ뛔듽ꆰ럇폐튻뚨풽맬탐캪뗄죋ꆰ쳹뇪잩ꆱꎬ랴뛸듌벤ꆢ볓잿헽쪽좺쳥ꆱ늻퓙튻캶듲톹ꆢ췟뷢ꎬ뛸쫇뒴퓬쳵볾믲듙뷸쇋놻뇪잩헟뗄뛱탔뮯ꆣ뿉볻ꎬ뇪잩듸살죃쯻쏇룼뛠뗘닎폫떽룷훖냠벶믮뚯훐뗈뗈ꆣ뗄킧펦쫇늻죝뫶쫓뗄ꆣ웤쪵ꎬ퓚톧킣뷌폽훐쳹뇪2ꎩ뇪잩헅쳹뗄톡퓱탔ꎬ랴펳쇋뷌쪦웚췻뗄믽잩듸살뗄쿻벫펰쿬튲춬퇹듦퓚ꎬ샽죧ꎬ튻떩쒳룶벫폫럱ꎬ춬쪱ꎬ뷌쪦웚췻쪹뷌쪦퓚쪵볊뷌폽맽돌톧짺놻뇪뚨캪뾼뎡컨뇗뗄ꆰ잹쫖ꆱꎬ퓚춬놲좺쳥뫍훐ꎬ뛔늻춬웚췻뗄톧짺쪵탐쟸뇰뛔듽ꆣ뷌쪦뛔톧뷌쪦뗄탄쒿훐ꎬ룃짺뻍믡놻죏캪쫇튻룶캪ퟔ벺믲짺뗄웚췻쫇틔뷌쪦뛔톧짺뗄ퟜ쳥펡쿳캪믹뒡뗄ꆣ뷌뇰죋믱뗃샻틦뗄뾼뎡ퟷ뇗뗄맟랸ꎬ폀풶뗃늻떽듳쪦뛔늻춬톧짺놧폐늻춬웚췻ꎬ톧짺믡뛔듋훷뚯뗘볒뗄쇂뷢ꎬ퓚헢퇹뗄쟩뺳쿂ꎬ룃짺뻍믡볌탸컨뇗뷸탐뷢쫍ꎬ샭뷢헢킩웚췻뗄몬틥틔뻶뚨쫇럱놻웚뗄탐캪ꆣ췻[3]ꆣ뷌쪦뛔쒳룶톧짺뗄ퟜ쳥펡쿳튻떩탎돉ꎬ튻랽쏦ꎬ믡뛔룃톧짺뗄톧쾰돉벨벰웤쯻뗄탐캪뇭쿖닺
뗚3웚탬듺헤쿲뚫뒺잳첸뇪잩샭싛퓚톧킣뷌폽훐뗄퓋폃37짺폫웤ퟜ쳥펡쿳튻훂뗄웚췻ꎬ헢훖웚췻붫횱뷓룸짺ꆱꆢꆰ맔톧짺ꆱ뻍믡내뷌쪦뫍톧킣뗄튪쟳좥ퟶꎬ떱뷌쪦폫톧짺틔쿠뮥ퟷ폃뗄랽쪽닺짺펰쿬ꆣ쇭튻랽훰붥듯떽쒿뇪쪱ꎬ뻍믡룼볓볡탅뷌쪦뛔ퟔ벺ꆰ뫃쏦ꎬ뷌쪦믡붫웤ퟷ캪볈폐룅쓮ꎬ뛔뷌쪦뷓쫜룃톧톧짺ꆱꆢꆰ맔톧짺ꆱ뗄뇪뚨쫇헽좷뗄ꎬ탎돉ꆰ컒쓜짺뫳살뗄탐캪뇭쿖탅쾢닺짺맽싋ퟷ폃ꎬ떼훂탎돉탐ꆱ뗄룅쓮ꎬퟔ뻵뗘톧쾰ꎬ쿲뫃뗄랽쿲랢햹ꎬ늢뗄펡쿳뻟폐쿠뛔컈뚨탔ꆣ쫂쪵짏ꎬ뷌쪦뗄믽벫웚ퟮ훕돉캪뇪잩쯹튪쟳뗄룶쳥ꎬ헢훖훷뚯톰쟳짏뷸췻횱뷓뒴퓬쇋폐샻폚톧짺랢햹뗄뮷뺳ꎬ톧짺죝틗뗄뚯솦뻍살ퟔ뷇즫탐캪뗄떼쿲ퟷ폃ꆣ퓚헢튻맽돌탎돉솼뫃뗄ퟔ컒룅쓮뫍뷏룟뗄ퟔ컒웚췻ꎬ늢ퟮ훕훐ꎬ뷌쪦좺쳥뫍춬냩좺쳥뛔룃짺뗄첬뛈잿뮯쇋톧떼훂믽벫뗄뷌폽뫳맻ꎻ뛸쿻벫웚췻쪹뷌쪦퓚폫뷌짺붫튪탎돉뗄뷇즫ꆣ톧폐맘뫍컞맘뗄믮뚯훐쟣쿲폚쿻벫뗘뛔듽톧짺ꎬ쳘4ꎩ뇪잩닺짺뗄킧펦살ퟔ폚좺쳥뗄뷇즫떼쿲뫍뇰쫇ꆰ톧삧짺ꆱꎬ듓뛸떼훂쿻벫뗄뷌폽뫳맻ꆣ퓚뿎늻춬좺쳥볤뗄떼쿲ꎬ훷튪쫇좺쳥톹솦뫍짧믡탐캪쳃짏ꎬ뷌쪦뫜짙톡퓱ꆰ톧삧짺ꆱ믘듰컊쳢ꎬ튲늻뗄욫샫ꆣ쯗뮰쮵ꎺꆰ컯틔샠뻛ꎬ죋틔좺럖ꆱꎬ퓚톧풸틢쓍탄웴랢ꎬ틽떼쯻쏇헽좷믘듰컊쳢ꎬ죧맻믘짺뗄붻췹믮뚯훐ꎬ놻뇪뚨캪ꆰ뫃ꆱ믲ꆰ뮵ꆱ뗄톧듰늻헽좷ꎬ뷌쪦쟣쿲폚ퟷ뷏뛠뗄엺움ꎬ뛸믘듰헽짺췹췹믡탎돉ퟔ벺뗄킡좺쳥ꎬ퓚헢룶좺쳥훐ꎬ쯻좷쪱ꎬ쯹룸폨뗄뇭퇯ꆢ맄샸튲뷏짙ꎬꆰ톧삧짺ꆱ룼쏇뗄탐캪쫜떽쯹퓚좺쳥돉풱뗄떼쿲뫍죏춬ꎬ늢쪹뛠뗘쫜떽뷌쪦폐틢컞틢뗄럱뚨ꆢ뫶쫓ꆢ뻜뻸폫뇡헢킩탐캪뗃떽잿뮯ꎬ탎돉튻훖탐캪쒣쪽ꆣ뻟쳥뇭뗍[4]ꆣ뒦폚뷌쪦폐틢컞틢뗄럱뚨ꆢ뫶쫓ꆢ뻜뻸뫍쿖쫇돉벨뫃뗄ꆢ뺭뎣쫜떽샏쪦뇭퇯뗄톧짺퓚튻웰뇡뗍훐뗄톧짺ꎬ룼죝틗탎돉쿻벫뗄ퟔ컒룅쓮뫍ퟔ췦ꎬ돉벨닮뗄ꆢ뇭쿖늻뫃뗄ꎬ뎣쫜떽샏쪦엺움뗄컒웚췻ꎬ톧쾰돉벨ퟮ훕뇤뗃룼닮ꆣ톧짺퓚튻웰췦ꎬ뮹폐튻킩춬톧ꎬ퓚톧킣훐헒늻떽3ꎩ뇪잩뗄낵쪾ퟷ폃펰쿬죋뗄ꆰ룶쳥틢쪶ꆱ뗄뫏쫊뗄뷓쫜좺쳥쪱ꎬ짵훁믡닎볓짧믡짏튻킩늻솼ퟔ컒죏춬[5]ꎬ뻟쳥뇭쿖캪뛔룶쳥뷇즫탎돉뗄떼쿲뗄럇헽쪽좺쳥ꎬ평폚쫜좺쳥톹솦뗄펰쿬ꎬ헢킩톧ퟷ폃뫍뷇즫잿뮯ퟷ폃ꆣꆰퟔ컒ꆱ풴폚췾솮햲쒷쪿폚짺뻍믡탎돉룃좺쳥뗄탐캪쒣쪽ꎬퟮ훕탎돉랴짧믡1890쓪쳡돶뗄ퟔ컒룅쓮샭싛ꎬ뛸놾컄첽쳖뗄ꆰퟔ탐캪ꆣ뷡맻쫇ꆰ뷼훬헟돠ꎬ뷼쒫헟뫚ꆱꎬ훰붥뗘솽컒ꆱ쫇짧믡톧틢틥짏뗄ꆰퟔ컒ꆱꎬ쫇횸ꆰ맘쾵뗄ퟔ벫럖뮯ꎬ죧맻탐캪뗃늻떽벰쪱뗄뷃헽ꎬꆰ닮뗄ꆱ믲컒ꆱꎨRelationalSelfꎩꎬ벴룶쳥쫇퓚짧믡맘쾵훐뒴ꆰ늻뫃뗄ꆱ톧짺뻍믡뇤뗃풽살풽닮ꆢ풽살풽늻뫃ꆣ퓬뫍늻뛏퓙퓬뗄ꆣ퓚톧킣뷌폽훐ꎬ톧짺뗄ꆰퟔ컒ꆱ횵뗃튻쳡뗄쫇ꎬ뷌쪦뇪뚨뇪잩살풴폚뷌쪦뛔톧짺쫇춨맽폫뷌쪦좺쳥ꆢ춬냩좺쳥횮볤뗄맘쾵붨솢웰뗄웚췻ꎬ떫쫇ꎬ뷌쪦웚췻뎣뎣믡쫜떽톧짺뗄톧쾰살뗄ꆣꆰ죏춬ꆱ퓲뷒쪾ꆰ컒쏇ꆱ쫇쮭뗄컊쳢ꎬ늢쟸돉벨ꆢ볒춥놳뺰뗈틲쯘뗄펰쿬ꎬ뇪잩늢늻뷶뷶랴럖ꆰ쯻쏇ꆱ쫇쮭ꆣ내헕뇪잩샭싛뗄볻뷢ꎬꆰ퓚죋쏇펳헢킩쳘헷ꎬ쿠랴ꎬ뷌쪦뇪뚨뗄뇪잩룼뛠뗄쪱뫲뇤돉풽맬헟늢돖탸ퟷ캪풽맬헟뗄맽돌훐ꎬ룸죋쏇랴펳뗄쫇탩볙탅쾢ꎨ죧싞즭쯾뛻뗄퇐뺿뻍쫴폚듋쳹짏풽맬헟뗄뇪횾쫇튻룶맘볼틲쯘ꆣꆱ[2]퓚뷌폽맽샠쿖쿳ꎩꎬ믲헟쫇뷌쪦탄쒿훐뗄뿌냥맛쓮ꆣ퇐뺿뇭돌훐ꎬ볒뎤뫍뷌쪦뻍돤떱ퟅꆰ훘튪쯻죋ꆱ뗄뷇즫ꎬ쏷ꎬ뷌쪦춨뎣룼쾲뮶춬ퟔ벺별폨뷏룟웚듽뗄ꆰ폅헢킩훘튪쯻죋룸톧짺쯹쳹뗄뇪잩붫ꆰ컒쏇ꆱ뫍ꆰ쯻짺ꆱ붻췹ꎬ뛸폫ꆰ닮짺ꆱ뗄붻췹늢럇ꆰ탄룊쟩풸ꆱꎻ쏇ꆱ쟸뇰뾪ꎬ펰쿬톧짺뗄탐캪ꎬ뛔룶쳥뷇즫뗄탎뷌쪦폫ꆰ폅짺ꆱ뮥뚯쪱뗄퇔탐췹췹룼럻뫏뷌폽튪돉폐ퟅ훘튪뗄떼쿲ퟷ폃ꆣ퓚짧믡탄샭톧훐뗄ꆰ뷇쟳ꎬ뛸폫ꆰ닮짺ꆱ뮥뚯쪱퓲뎣뎣믡돶쿖ꆰ럇뷌폽즫ꆱ튻듊ꎬ벴짧믡뷇즫ꎬ쫇횸룶쳥퓚쳘뚨뗄짧믡탔ꆱ뗄퇔탐[7]ꆣ뇪잩쿂뗄닮뇰뛔듽쳡릩룸뫃톧짺뫍췅쳥훐쯹뒦뗄짧믡뗘캻벰폫횮쿠솪쾵뗄럻뫏짧뗄쫇랢햹뗄믺믡ꎬ뛸뛔쿠뛔늻뫃뗄톧짺살쮵ꎬ퓲믡웚췻뗄튻쳗탐캪쒣쪽[6]ꆣ뻟쳥뇭쿖퓚ꎺ떱튻룶췹췹쫇뿘훆뫍뗖훆ꆣ죋틢쪶떽ퟔ벺뗄짧믡뷇즫쫇ꆰ뫃뗄ꆱ쪱ꎬ뻍믡내룅뛸퇔횮ꎬ뇪잩뫍쳹뇪잩뗄맽돌튻랽쏦펰쿬ퟅꆰ뫃뗄ꆱ뇪ힼ튪쟳ퟔ벺ꎬ풼쫸ퟔ벺뗄퇔탐ꎬ뺡튻쟐톧짺뛔ퟔ벺뗄죏쪶ꎬ뷸뛸펰쿬떽쯻쏇뗄랢햹ꎻ쇭얬솦쿲뇪잩짏ꆰ뫃뗄ꆱ쯹폷쪾뗄쓇퇹랢햹ꆣ뛸떱튻랽쏦ꎬ튲펰쿬ퟅ뷌쪦뗄뷌폽탐캪ꆣ뇪잩샻폃뗄튻룶죋틢쪶떽ퟔ벺뗄짧믡뷇즫쫇ꆰ늻뫃뗄ꆱꎬ짵훁뫃ꎬ붫믡벤샸톧짺늻뛏뗘잰뷸ꎬ샻폃뗄늻뫃뻍믡쫇ꆰ뮵뗄ꆱ쪱ꎬ쯻뻍뿉쓜믡ퟔ놩ퟔ웺ꎬ퇘ퟅꆰ늻돉캪톧짺뷱뫳랢햹뗄튻룶쓑틔폢풽뗄헏낭ꆣ뫃뗄ꆱ랽쏦랢햹ꆣ퓚톧킣샯ꎬ톧짺캪쇋떱ꆰ뫃톧
38뷌톧퇐뺿2010틔ꎬ뷌쪦펦뷷짷쪹폃좨췾뗄ퟔ평ꎬ죈낮톧짺ꎬ힢3뛠풪폫릫욽ꎺ놣횤뇪잩샭싛뗄뫏샭퓋폃훘뺫짱짏뗄붻쇷ꆢ탄쇩짏뗄릵춨ꎬ펪퓬뫍킳ꆢ폑쳡뎫뛠풪ꆢ뚯첬뗄뷌쪦웚췻낮뗄뷌폽럕캧ꎬ틔릫욽ꆢ릫헽뗄랽쪽ꎬ잿뗷틔죋컣펹ힸ퇔ꎬ퓚톧킣뷌폽훐ꎬꆰ뇪잩ꆱ틑뺭돉캪캪놾ꎬퟰ훘짺쏼뗄볛횵ꎬퟰ훘룶쳥닮틬ꎬ틽떼ꆢ벤톧짺ퟔ컒쪵쿖뗄풤퇔ꆪꆪ뷌쪦웚췻ꆣ뷌쪦웚췻듓샸톧짺ퟔ컒랢햹ꎬ캪톧짺좫쏦랢햹횸쏷랽쿲ꎬ뒴쒳룶톧짺쓇샯뾴떽쳘뚨뗄탐캪뫍돉뻍ꎬ뛔늻춬웚짨쫊뫏톧짺랢햹뗄뮷뺳ꆣ췻뗄톧짺닉좡늻춬뗄듫쪩ꎬ퓚헢룶맽돌훐ꎬ뷌쪦쪵쪩짷ꆢ폽ꆢ믮뗄뷌폽움볛쯹닉좡뗄랽쪽뻍볤뷓믲횱뷓뗘룦쯟쇋톧짺ꎬ뷌쪦쾣췻듓톧짺쓇샯뗃떽튻룶쪲쎴퇹뗄탐캪뇭쿖믲쫇뷌폽움볛뛔뷌쪦뛸퇔ꎬ쫇뛔짏튻뷗뛎뷌폽뷌톧돉벨ꎬ늢쟒튲펰쿬ퟅ톧짺뗄ퟔ컒맛쓮ꆢ좡뗃돉벨릤ퟷ뗄ퟜ뷡ꎬ쫇럖컶맽좥릤ퟷꆢ훆뚨캴살릤ퟷ볆뗄뚯믺틔벰놧뢺쮮욽ꆣ뛠풪훇쓜샭싛죏캪ꎬ죋샠뮮뗄폐킧쫖뛎ꎻ뛔톧짺뛸퇔ꎬ쫇죏쪶ퟔ컒뗄튻룶훁짙펵폐8훖틔짏뗄훇쓜ꎬ벴폯퇔ꆢ쫽톧싟벭ꆢ틴뇪ힼꆣ듓짧믡톧뷇뛈뾴ꎬ뷌폽움볛뗄맽돌쫇뷌쪦샖ꆢ짭쳥퓋뚯ꆢ뿕볤ꆢ죋볊ꆢퟔ컒죏쪶뗈ꆣ벴쪹룹뻝튻뚨뗄뇪ힼ룸톧짺ꆰ쳹뇪잩ꆱꎨlabeling,폖돆ꆰ뇪뚨ꆱꎩ[3]쫇춬튻훖훇쓜ꎬ웤뇭쿖탎쪽튲쫇늻튻퇹뗄ꆣ캪쇋ꆣ룹뻝짏컄뗄럖컶ꎬ뇪잩뻟폐뷇즫떼쿲ힷ쟳쎿룶톧짺뗄랢햹ꎬ퓚톧킣뷌폽맽돌훐ꎬ뻍쫇뗄ퟷ폃ꎬ늻춬뗄뇪잩뛔룶쳥뗄펰쿬튲늻춬ꆣ듓탔튪쟳뷌쪦내헕쎿룶톧짺뗄쳘뗣ꎬ뷡뫏톧뿆쳘뗣뫍훊짏살럖ꎬ뇪잩뿉틔럖캪믽벫뇪잩ꆢ쿻벫뇪잩ꎬ믽쎿룶톧짺뗄ꆰퟮ뷼랢햹쟸ꆱꎬ뫏샭뗘캪톧짺쫷솢튻벫뇪잩뿉틔틽떼톧짺헽쏦쮼뾼뫍뷢뻶컊쳢ꎬ맄샸쏦웬후ꎬ쫷솢뛠풪뗄뷌쪦웚췻샭쓮ꆣ뇈죧ꎬ퓚뾼쯻쏇믽벫뿋럾삧쓑ꎬ뛸늻쫇퓚삧쓑쏦잰췋쯵ꎬ듓달톧짺뗄펢폯뫍쫽톧쓜솦쪱ꎬ웤웚췻뇪ힼ쫇늻춬뛸좡뗃돉벨ꎬ뗃떽샏쪦뫍춬톧뗄뫃룐ꎬ춬쪱ꎬ폐뗄ꎬ벴쪹쫇뾼달톧짺뛔펢폯떥듊뗄헆컕쟩뿶ꎬ평샻폚퓚폫샏쪦뫍춬톧뗄뮥뚯붻췹훐닺짺샻틑뗄훡폚쎿룶톧짺뗄볇틤뫍샭뷢쮮욽쫇늻춬뗄ꎬ퓚맦뚨탄킧펦ꎬ퓚쫜떽훚탇엵퓂뗄탄샭쫊펦뫳ꎬ톧짺퓚뗄쪱볤쓚ꎬ헫뛔늻춬뗄톧짺ꎬ뷌쪦뛔쯻쏇뗄튪쟳ퟔ컒뷇즫뗄냧퇝훐믡룼볓폎죐폐폠ꆣ쿠랴ꎬ쿻벫튲펦룃쫇늻춬뗄ꆣ춬쪱ꎬ떱톧짺좡뗃튻킩뷸늽쪱ꎬ뇪잩퓲믡룸톧짺쇴쿂돜죨뗄샓펡ꎬꆰ튻죕캪퓴ꎬ훕뷌쪦펦벰쪱룸폨뿏뚨ꎬ탞헽뛔톧짺뗄웚췻횵ꎬ퓚짭캪퓴ꆱ뗄쮼쿫믡퓚톧짺짭짏뗃떽펦퇩ꆣ퓚쿻벫쪦짺릲춬ퟷ폃ꆢ쮫랽뮥뚯뗄쟩뿶쿂ꎬ쪵쪩뚯첬뗄뇪잩뗄ퟷ폃쿂ꎬ톧짺믡싽싽뗘닺짺ꆰퟔ컒붵룱ꆱ뗄뷌쪦웚췻ꆣ탄샭맽돌ꎬ뷸뛸쮳펦짧믡움볛ꎬ평돵랸뇤돉퓙랸ꎬ짵훁돉캪맟랸ꎬ돉캪쪵훁쏻맩뗄ꆰ뮵톧짺ꆱꆣ틲듋ꎬ뒴짨릫욽ꆢ릫헽뗄뷌폽짺첬뮷뺳죧뫎룸톧짺쳹뇪잩ꎬ죧뫎쳹믽벫뇪잩ꎬ죧뫎캪쫜톧킣쫇톧짺짧믡뮯뗄훘튪뎡쯹ꎬ톧킣ꆢ뷌쪦ꆢ쿻벫뇪잩펰쿬뗄톧짺ꆰ좥뇪잩뮯ꆱ뻍쿔뗃폈캪훘튪ꆣ춬톧릲춬릹돉쇋톧짺룶쳥돉뎤뗄짺첬뮷뺳ꎬ퓚뿎ꆰ짷ꆢ폽ꆢ믮뗄뷌폽움볛ꆱ틢캶ퟅꎺ쫗쿈ꎬ볒쳃뷌톧훐ꎬ뷌쪦ퟷ캪톧킣뷌폽뗄훷튪쪵쪩헟ꎬ쿠뎤ꆢ뷌쪦튪춨맽룷훖춾뺶ꆢ쟾뗀ꎬ좫쏦ꆢ쿪쾸ꆢ헽뛔폚톧짺ꎬ췹췹뒦폚쿠뛔잿쫆뗄뗘캻ꆣ뷌쪦뗄좨좷뗘쇋뷢톧짺뗄폅좱뗣ꎬ뛸늻쫇뷶뾿ퟔ벺뗄펡쿳췾훷튪뇭쿖퓚ꆰ좨췾쫇솬뷡탅죎뗄탎쪽ꎬ쯼룸뚨뫍훷맛틜뛏ꎬ욬쏦뗘ꆢ죎틢뗘룸톧짺쳹짏쒳훖뇪쇋늻좷뚨탔풭퓲ꎬ늢틔듦퓚틢쪶릵춨쇋룶죋ꆱ[8]ꆣ잩ꆣ럱퓲ꎬ붫믡쪹튻늿럖톧짺퓚뷌쪦벰볒뎤듭컳뷌쪦춨맽톡퓱늻춬뗄뮥뚯뛔쿳ꆢ쪹폃늻춬뗄뮥뚯뗄에뛏훐ꆰ쫜틦ꆱꎬ뛸죃쇭튻늿럖톧짺퓢쫜늻릫욽랽쪽ꆢ쪩탐늻춬뗄뿎쳃뿘훆살죏춬뫍잿뮯뛔톧짺뗄듽폶ꆣ웤듎ꎬ뷌쪦뫍볒뎤퓚룸톧짺ퟶ돶움볛쪱ꎬ뗄뇪뚨ꎻ놻뇪뚨헟췹췹뷓쫜믲쮳듓뷌쪦뗄뇪잩ꎬ벴펦틔ꆰ죋ꆱ캪룹놾돶랢뗣ꎬ헤낮짺쏼ꎬ틔죋캪놾ꎬ쪹뛔쿻벫뇪잩뷸탐랴뾹ꎬ떫틲뷌쪦좨췾뫍훆뛈솦쳹뇪잩뗄쒿뗄쫇캪쇋룼쏷좷뗘죏쪶톧짺ꎬ룼뿆톧ꆢ솿ꎬ랴뾹튲쫇컞솦뗄ꆢ쓑틔돉릦뗄ꎻ쯻쏇춨맽룄뫏샭뗘움볛톧짺ꎬ뚽듙톧짺톧쾰뫍랢햹ꆣ춬쪱ꎬ뷌뇤ퟔ컒움볛ꆢ톡퓱늻춬뗄붻췹춬냩살놣돖폫뇪잩쪦뮹펦퓚뷌폽맽돌훐늻뛏룄뷸뷌폽뷌톧랽램ꆢ뷌뗄튻훂ꎻ냠벶춬냩뛔뷌쪦뇪잩믡닉좡쮳듓ꆢ죏뿉톧랽쪽ꎬ틲닄쪩뷌ꎬ룸폨룶뇰톧짺쳘뇰뗄맘탄뫍뗄첬뛈ꎬ뛔늻춬뇪뚨톧짺ퟶ돶늻춬랴펦[9]ꆣ떫쫇ꎬ헕맋ꎬ냯훺톧짺랢쿖ퟔ벺뗄폅쫆뫍쇓쫆ꎬ쳡룟톧ꆰ좨췾횻폐뺭평폫쯼쿠맘뗄ퟔ평닅쓜붨솢ꆱ[8]ꎬ쯹쾰킧싊ꎬ쪵쿖쎿룶톧짺ퟔ평뛸좫쏦뗄랢햹ꆣퟮ뫳ꎬ
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