（财务预算编制）HND 财
政预算答案
PartA
(i)
(ii)
Tricolplc
FlexedBudget
ForJune
OriginalBu
dget
2,000units
FlexedBudg
et
1,600units
Actualresu
lts
1,600units
Variance
F/A
￡ ￡ ￡ ￡
DirectMaterial 80,000 64,000 61,600 2,400 F
DirectLabour 36,000 28,800 35,200 6,400 A
VariableProductionOve
rheads
4,000 3,200 3,200 0
InsuranceCosts 2,200 2,200 2,400 200 A
Depreciation 15,000 1,500 1,500 0
RentandRates 2,500 2,500 2,500 0
AdministrationOverhea
ds
2,000 2,000 2,200 200 A
Total 104,200 108,600 4,400 A
Directmaterialtotalvariance
(standardunitsofactualproduction×standardprice)–(actualquantity×actualprice)
[(4kg×1600)×￡10]–￡61600
=￡64000–￡61600
=￡2400(F)
Theratefordirectmaterialtotalvariancesis£2,400/£64,000×100%=%＞3%
Directmaterialpricevariance
actualquantity×(standardprice－actualprice)
=5600kg×(￡10-￡11)
=5600kg×￡1
=5600(A)
Therateofdirectmaterialpricevarianceis£5,600/£64,000×100%=%＞3%
Directmaterialusagevariance
standardprice×(standardunitsofactualproduction-actualunits)
=￡10×(4kg×1600-5600kg)
=￡10×800kg
=￡8000(F)
Therateofdirectmaterialusagevarianceis£8,000/£64,000×100%=%＞3%
Note:
efore,￡5600(A)(price)＋￡8000(F)(usage)=￡2400(F)(total).
Directlabourtotalvariance
(standardhoursofactualproduction×standardrateph)－(actualhours×actual
rateph)
[(2h×1600)×￡9]－(3520h×￡10)
=(3200h×￡9)－￡35200
=￡28800－￡35200
=￡6400(A)
Therateofdiretclabourvarianceis6400/28800×100%=%＞3%
Directlabourratevariance
actualhours×(standardrateph－actualrateph)
3520h×(￡9－￡10)
=3520h×￡1
=￡3520(A)
Therateofdirectlabourratevarianceis£3,520/£28,800×100%=%＞3%
Directlabourefficiencyvariance
standardrateph×(standardhoursofactualproduction－
actualhours)
￡9×[2h×1600－3520h]
=￡9×(3200h－3520h)
=￡9×320h
=￡2880(A)
Therateofdirectlabourefficiencyvarianceis£2,880/£28,000×100%=10%＞3%
Note:
refore,￡3520(A)(rate)＋￡2880(A)(efficiency)=￡6400(A)(total).
Overheadtotalvariance
(standardinsurancecost－actualinsurancecost)＋(standardadministration
overheads－actualadministrationoverheads)
(￡2200－￡2400)＋(￡2000－￡2200)
=￡200(A)＋￡200(A)
=￡400(A)
Therateofoverheadtotalvarianceis£400/£4,200×100%=%＞3%
(iii)
Analysis
Materialvariance
Fromtheactualbudget,wecanseethatthedirectmaterialtotalvarianceis
￡ 2,400(F).TheDirectmaterialusagevarianceis
￡8,000(F),theDirectmaterialpricevarianceis￡(5,600)(A).
Thepossiblereasonsformaterialusagevariancesareinclude:
Usenewmachinery.
Usehigherquality
Thepossiblereasonsformaterialpricevariance:
Changesuppliers.
Usehigherqualitymaterial.
Lossofdiscount
Labourvariance
Thedirectlabourtotalvarianceis￡ (6,400)(A),theDirectlabourefficiencyvarianceis
￡(2,880)(A)andtheDirectlabourratevarianceis￡(6,400)(A).
Thepossiblereasonfordirectlabourefficiencyvariance:
Lowergradeworkforce
Shortageofskilledlabor
Thepossiblereasonfordirectlabourratevariance
Highergradeworkforces
Shortageofskilledlabour
Overheadvariance
Thetotaloverheadvarianceis￡ (400)(A).TheInsuranceandAdministrationvariancesare
￡(200)(A).Thetotaloverheadvarianceis￡(400)(A).
Thepossiblereasonsforoverheadvariances:
Usingnewmachinery
Increasedadministrationcost
Toconcludeahigher-than-expectedwagesettlementforproductionoperates.
Difficulttradingconditions
Intenselypetition
Remendation
Accordingtoaboveanalysis,wecaneasilyunderstandtheorganization’
sdividedinthreesectionswhichincluedmaterialvariances,labourvariancesaswellasthe
overheadvariances.
Theremendationformaterialvariances:
Investigatethecheapermaterial.
Holdastafftrainingprogramtoincreasetheirworkefficiency.
Negotiatewithcurrentsupplierinordertoachievelowerprice.
Theremendationforlabourvariances:
Providetrainingprogramtostaffforhigherskillofoperatingthenewmaterial.
Consideraboutthelowergradelabour
Theremendationforoverheadvariances:
trytodecreasetheadministrationcost
Teachthestaffsscientificallyusetheseoverheadinordertomakeitlonger-used.
PartB
Paybackperiodmethod:
Year Anuualcashflow Cumulative
0 (1,000,000) (1,000,000)
1 160,000 (840,000)
2 160,000 (680,000)
3 320,000 (360,000)
4 320,000 (40,000)
5(1/8of320,000) 40,000 NIL
5（7/8of320,000) 280,000 240,000
.
NetpresentValue
Annual
CashFlow
PresentValu
e
Factors
at10％
Present Value
￡ ￡ ￡ ￡
Year0 (1,000,000) (1,000,000)
1 160,000 145,440
2 160,000 132,160
3 320,000 240,320
4 320,000 218,560
5 320,000 198,720 935,200
NetPresentV
alue
￡(64,800)
Thepremiseofpaybackperiodmethods
.
iodisonlyoneyearthenitshouldbeparedwithaninternalfigure
Thepremiseofdiscountedcashflowtechnique
touseisknown,
ns,thediscountrateshavebeenputedforyou,
nlimitedfundscanberaisedatapetitiverate.
Analyzingpaybackperiodmethod
Accordingtothepaybackperiodmethod,theoriginalcapitalthatthepanyinvest
is
￡ 1,000,000andthereare5yearsforthepanytogetthereturnthatisthebudgeted
,
,panywillgetthereturnabout
￡ 280,,basedontheperiodmethod,theprojectwillbeprofitable
andisworthtoinvest.
Analyzingdiscountedcashflowtechnique
Ifthepanyusesthediscountedcashflowtechnique,accordingtothepeogram,the
investmentis
￡ 1,000,000,andthenetpresentvalueis10%.Thebudgetedpaybackperiodis5yea
,theNPVfortheprojectwillbe
￡ -64,
of
￡ 64,
orthtoinvest.
Remendation
Accordingtothetwomethods,itisnotdifficulttofindthatthepanywouldbetter
gettheprofitof
￡ 280,
hflowtechnique,itwillcost5yearsandloss
￡ 64,,basedontheprofit,thepanywouldbettertoch
oosethepaybackperiodmethod.
Considerationofotherfactors
First,
,itmaygetsomefine.
esthenewtechnologyandequipmentintheproject,itcouldimproveitsproductiv
.
,panymaybepunishedbythegovernmentandevenbeb
anded.
Atlast,,m
akingbytheproject,,t
heymaygetlittleprofitfortheproject.
Conclusion
Asanadvisorforthepany,thisreportcanhelpthepanymaketheflexbudgetandvar
iancesandusethetwomethodstoanalysistheinvestmentandhelpthepanychooset
.
感谢阅读
多年企业管理咨询经验，专注为企业和个人提供精品
管理方案，企业诊断方案，制度参考模板等
欢迎您下载，均可自由编辑
