ֻ38ज ֻ4௹西安建筑科技大学学报(ሱಖ॓࿐ϱ) ୍8ᄅJ Xi .&Tech.(NaturalScienceEdition)ྐ༏᧦ᄝࡹᇽ۽ӱܵᇏ֥ႋႨ周丽萍1,2,宋早雪1,李慧民1,戴丰年1,3(1.༆νࡹᇽ॓ն࿐ଡ۽ӱ࿐ჽ,༆༆ν710055;2.༆К۽ြն࿐৯࿐აଡࡹᇽ࿐ჽ,༆༆ν710072;3.༆സࡹഡ๏,༆༆ν710004)ᅋ ေ:ଢభ,༢ყҩၘֹܼࣜٗႋႨᄝ॓࿐֥۲۱ਵთ,໓ᅣ൮༵ࡼྐ༏᧦ყҩٚمႄೆ֞ਔࡹᇽ۽ӱܵᇏ.๙ݖؓࡹᇽ۽ӱဢЧൌ২ࣉྛਔ༢֥؎ყҩ,۳ԛྐ༏᧦֥བྷ༥࠹ෘٚم,ಖުࡼ᧦ᆴބቋն᧦ᆴбࢠ,Ֆَᄖ֥ཌྷܱၹᇏ,ሙಒ؎۽ӱᇏ֝ᇁଖᇕ ҂ਅགྷའ!ԛགྷ֥ᇶ֝ၹ,ࣉطᆌؓྟֹٝᆸ۽ӱܵᇏԛགྷр؊.ܱՍ:ྐ༏᧦;ࡹᇽ۽ӱܵ;؎ყҩ*ᇏٳোݼ: ໓ངѓ്:A ໓ᅣщݼ:1006 7930(2006)04 0590 03 . ᧦!(entropy)၂Սჷሱ༐ছე !∀(э߄)!,іൕэ߄֥ಸਈ.1864୍مݓ࿐ࡅक़সྩථ(K∀clausius)ᄝ#ಣ৯ᆭືඪ∃၂ᇏ,ิԛ၂۱ਈࣼ൞᧦,ႨژݼSսі.᧦֥ඔ࿐ၩၬ൞:ಣਈQФTԢ֤֥᧦.ཌྷಣਈ,໑؇ۚᄵ᧦ཬ,໑؇֮ᄵ᧦ն.֣ݓ࿐ࡅѯغሥણ()ඪݖ: ᧦൞ܱႿ༢ሑ֥҂קྟҩ؇!.ପહؓྐ༏֥҂קྟҩ؇൞ڎ္ॖၛҐႨোර֥ٚم?ണ୪(C∀E∀shannon)۳ԛਔड़ק֥ճگ.ണ୪ᄝ1948୍ࡼ ᧦!ႄႨᄝაົବ(N∀wiener)Է৫֥ྐ༏ંᇏ,іൕྐ༏֥หྟ,ॖ ᧦!ᆃ၂ӫ൞Ֆ࿐ᇏࢹႨݖট.֥1 熵!的物理借鉴ണ୪۳ԛ֥܄ൔູ[1]:H=-K%pilogpiႨটіඍ࿊ᄴބ҂ಒקྟაෛࠏ൙ࡱ֥৵ջܱ༢.ൈ,ണ୪۴ऌ༢ંᇏ҂ಒקྟ֥ඔ࿐૭ඍ,nิԛਔྐ༏ਈ࠹ଆູ:H(x)=-%p(xi)lnp(xi)i=1ൔᇏ:H(x)൞ྐ༏ჷ,ࠧ൙ࡱXᆜุ֥ྐ༏ჷ;P൞൙ࡱX֥ۀੱٳ҃;Xູଖ၂ෛࠏ൙ࡱॖିԛགྷ֥൙ࡱࠢކ,ࠧX={x1,x2,x3,&,xn}.ྐ༏᧦ᄝྐ༏ყҩᇏၘႵܼٗႋႨ,ྐ༏ყҩၘӮູགྷսളӁބളࠃᇏ҂ॖಌഒ֥൙ཛ,ྸ؟҆২ೂࣜ࠶aగའaֹᆑ֩Ⴕሱ֥࠭ყҩༀ.ൈ۽ӱܙࡎ,ᅱѓaॖྛྟ࣮ᇏ္Ⴕܼ֥ٗႋႨ.2 信息熵的应用实例༯૫Ⴈൌ২টඪૼྐ༏᧦ᄝࡹᇽ۽ӱܵᇏ֥ႋႨ,ऎุೂޅࣉྛྐ༏᧦֥࠹ෘ,ѩऌՎ؎ࡹᇽ۽ӱᇏԛགྷ҂ਅགྷའ֥ჰၹ.ೂࡹᇽ۽ӱᇏԛགྷ֥ၛ༯҂ਅགྷའ:x1: ӑགྷའ!x2;۽௹x3; ڪᄿ!۽ӱၛࠣমແੌx4;۽ӱॻఴ.۴ऌၛສ֥ࣜဒٳ༅,ॖିԛགྷ֥ჰၹູ[2]:H1:ሧࣁ҂ቀၛࠣ൧ӆࡎ۬ѯ;*൬۠ರ௹:2005 11 01ቔᆀࡥࢺ:ᇛৡ(1963 ),୯,༆ဝದ,ڬ࢝൱,Ѱൖ࣮ള,ᇶေՖ൙ඌࣜ࠶ٳ༅ა࣮.
ֻ4௹ ᇛৡ֩:ྐ༏᧦ᄝࡹᇽ۽ӱܵᇏ֥ႋႨ591H2:ᄪ௹ॖྛྟ࣮؎ാ༂,ଢ৫ཛष۽;H3:ذၩ ӛ!,ᄹࡆ۽ӱӮЧ,ᇁ۽௹༂;H4:ӵЇູٚକ০ط۽ࡨਘ;H5:ܵ҆ࡓܵ҂৯,ၧࠇࡓದჴᆯြҠ൯ಌാ;H6:ࡹഡ۽ӱᇏҪҪሇЇၛׇࠣሧࡹഡ;H7:ཌྷܱمੰ҂ࡲಆ.۴ऌၛສ࠹ඔऌٳ༅,Ԏ౼30۱ဢЧ࠹ෘᄝx1,x2,x3,x4ؿള่֥ࡱ༯H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6,H7่֥ࡱۀੱ[1]:P(H1/x1)=;P(H2/x1)=;P(H3/x1)=;P(H4/x1)=0;P(H5/x1)=0;P(H6/x1)=;P(H7/x1)=0P(H1/x2)=;P(H2/x2)=;P(H3/x2)=;P(H4/x2)=0;P(H5/x2)=;P(H6/x2)=;P(H7/x2)=0P(H1/x3)=;P(H2/x3)=;P(H3/x3)=0;P(H4/x3)=;P(H5/x3)=(H6/x3)=;P(H7/x3)=0P(H1/x4)=;P(H2/x4)=;P(H3/x4)=0;P(H4/x4)=0;P(H5/x4)=(H6/x4)=;P(H7/x4)=Ⴟ൞ܒӮඹ۱ཨ༏ࠢ:H1H2H3H4H5H6H7x1H1H2H3H4H5H6H7:֤ ᄜ۴ऌྐ༏᧦܄ൔٳљ࠹ෘԛᆃඹ۱༢ྐ༏ჷx1,x2,x3,x4֥҂ಒקྟ:nH(xi)=-%p(Hk/xi)log2p(Hk/xi)k=1෮ၛH(x1)=-(+++)=(x2)= H(x3)= H(x4)=Ⴎྐ༏᧦֥ࠎЧྟᇉᆩ֡,᧦ᆴᄀն,ྐ༏֥҂ಒקྟᄀն,ؓഈ૫ၛ࠹ෘԛ֥᧦ᆴбࢠႵ:H(x2)<H(x1)<H(x4)<H(x3)ၹՎ,ᄝx1,x2,x3,x4֥ඹᇕ҂ਅགྷའᇏ,ၛx2টٳԛགྷᆃུགྷའ֥ჰၹH1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6,H7ቋູܱ.ູбࢠ۷ॖौ,ߎླေ࠹ෘ၂༯༢֥ቋն᧦ᆴ.ቋն᧦ᆴႮ༯૫܄ൔ࠹ෘ[3]:H11(xi)max=-n(log2)=log2nnnႿ൞Ч༢ቋն᧦ᆴ:ູH(xi)max=log24=ႮႿH(x4)ჿ֩ႿH(x3),नࢤ࣍Ⴟቋն᧦ᆴH(xi)max,෮ၛx3,x4҂ିႨটٳ҂ਅགྷའԛགྷ֥ჰၹ,ॖചఙ҂Ⴭॉ੮.ఃᇏH(x1)ཌྷ္ؓࢠࢤ࣍H(xi)max,ဢၩၬ҂ն,طH(x2)֥ᆴჹཬႿH(xi)max,ၹՎॖड़ק,Ⴈx2টٳ҂ਅགྷའӁള֥ჰၹ൞ॖौ֥.ᄝx2ؿള่֥ࡱ༯,H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6,H7ؿള่֥ࡱۀੱᇏP(H1/x2)ቋն,ჹࢠఃۀੱູն,෮ၛॖၛ؎҂ਅགྷའӁള֥ჰၹ൞:H1:ሧࣁ҂ቀၛࠣ൧ӆࡎ۬ѯ.҂сٮྏಀॉҳఃࠫᇕჰၹ,གྷᄝᄜؓH1ࣉྛ൧ӆטҰ,ьॖቋᇔಒקჰၹ.ၛഈ҄ᇧщӮӱൻೆ࠹ෘࠏ,ࠧॖؓ۽ӱགྷሑࣉྛॹٳ༅,ႮႿၛഈٚمࡥֆ,ӱ൞ޓಸၞщᇅ.֥
592 ༆ ν ࡹ ᇽ ॓ ն ࿐ ࿐ Б(ሱಖ॓࿐ϱ) ֻ38ज3 结束语ᆃᇕٚم֥ၩၬᄝႿ:Ⴕ০Ⴟᆟکᆌؓྟ֥ؓࡹᇽྛြޡܴט॥,ࡨഒ҂ਅགྷའ֥Ӂള.֒ԛགྷᆃུ҂ਅགྷའൈ,ॖ؎ԛ൞ଧࠫᇕჰၹᄯӮ֥ᄝຩഈࡹ৫ࡹᇽఒြྐ༏९ൈ,ॖᆌؓྟ֥ؓఃၛສြࠛࣉྛܙ.Ⴕ০Ⴟࡹᇽఒြ۷ࡆᆰܴ,۷ࡆ༢֥ყҩ۽ӱ֥మᄝڄག.ྐ༏᧦ࣜݖ୍֥ࠫؿᅚ,ၘࣜ౼֤ਔپණ֥Ӯݔ.֥ᇗေྟರၭཁགྷ,Ⴍఃᄝགྷᄝᆃ۱ྐ༏ഠ߶۷൞ཁ֤ईቀᇗေ,ࡼఃႋႨ֞ࡹᇽ۽ӱܵᇏି۷ݺ֥ࡆॹݓࡹᇽྛြଢభڿ۪֥҄ق.ҕॉ໓ང References[1] ሜ.༢ყҩൌႨٚم[M].Кࣘ:ቂԛϱഠ,[M].Beijing:NationalityPress,2000.[2] ᇛৡ,ޱᆒڃ.BPപࣜຩᄝࡹᇽ۽ӱܙࡎᇏ֥ႋႨ[J].༆νࡹᇽ॓ն࿐࿐Б:ሱಖ॓࿐ϱ,2005,37(2):262 ping,HUZhen [J]. .&Tech.(NaturalScienceEdition),2005,37(2):262 264.[3] ӧܻࡲ,Ԛ,ွڠಸ.ࡹഡཛଢགྷսܵ[M].Кࣘ:ࠏྀ۽ြԛϱഠ, jian,TUChu rong,YEFo [M].Beijing:Machine drivenIndustryPress,2004.(编辑 白茂瑞)InformationentropyappliedinmanagementofcoastructionprojectZHOU1,2111,3Li ping,SONGZao xue,LIHui min,DAIFeng nian(.,Xi .&Tech.,Xi an710055,China;&CivilConstruction,NorthwesternPolytechnicUniversity,Xi an710072,China; xiDepartmentofConstruction,Xi an710004,China)Abstract:,,thepaperinfersandforecastssystemically,andcalculatesthenumberforinformationentropy,thencomparewithmaxi mumofShannontomakesurethemainreasonwhichleadto badphenomenon!,malpracticecanbeheldbachinengineeringmanagement.*Keywords:informationentropy;engineeringmanagementofarchitecture;infersandforecast.*Biography:ZHOULi ping,AssocicateProfessor,.,Xi an710055,,Tel:0086 29 88495413,E mail:zlpxy@
