,2010֮ฏඌٓൔაള໓ૼࡹܒ赵建军, 郝 栋(ᇏန֔ᅽ࿐҆,Кࣘ100091) ᅋ ေ:20世纪以来,随着工业文明的发展,人类利用技术创造了巨大的生产力和丰富的社会财富,技术因此成为人类文明进步的基本内容和重要杠杆b与此同时,在技术的异化作用下,出现了环境污染a资源危机a生物多样性的崩溃a人的生命物化等生态危机,并且愈演愈烈b面对日益恶化的生存环境,人类开始重新审视人与自然a社会的关系,设想通过生态文明的建设来寻找解决生态问题的良策b生态文明构建需要技术创新作为基础,需要技术范式的低碳化转型与构建b本文从逻辑与历史相结合的思维原则出发,对现代技术范式的内涵和特征进行了深入的剖析,论述了现代技术存在的问题和困境,分析了现代技术的反生态性及其在发展模式a目标实现a价值观a技术累积效应上的缺陷,并研究了如何应对技术范式低碳化所带来的机遇和挑战b ܱՍ:技术范式;生态文明;低碳 ᇏٳোݼ:X171 4 ໓ངѓ്:A ໓ᅣщݼ:1007 8444(2010)05 0586 06 ߭ܤದো໓ૼ֥ؿᅚൎ,ඌᇔܺԬᄝ֥ሇ߄,Ӯູದোؿᅚ෮૫ਢ֥ᇗေ໙ีbॖఃᇏѩؿߨሢᇗေ֥ቔႨ,หљ൞ᄝ20ൗࡀ,ӻ࿃ؿᅚනམ֥ྙӮջটದোؓള໓ૼഠ߶ඌ۷൞Ϻᇹದো౼֤ਔభ෮ໃႵ֥Ӯࣼ:ݴ֥ྍሔ,ള໓ૼᇏඌٓൔ֥֮ฏ߄,္Ӯ฿ඌϜದোෂ֞ਔᄅ౯ᆭഈ;ނඌ֥ؿᅚູದোླေॉਈބ֥ᇗေज़ีbದোࠆ֤ਔྍ֥ିჷ০Ⴈٚൔ;࠹ෘࠏඌ֥ؿᅚᄵದ֥҆ٳଷ৯֤֞սู;၌Ԯ۽ӱ၂aٓൔ֥නམࠣఃটჷඌ֥ؿᅚ۷ದোႚႵਔԷᄯྍ֥ᇕ֥ି (၂)ٓൔ֥ۀྙӮb৯b൞ඌջ۳ದૌ֥ѩ҂ᆺ൞ૅৡ֥༷वغ!ѯ௶غᄝఃսіቔ∀॓࿐ؿགྷ֥આބྜྷڞ֥ݔൌջ۳ದૌ,າࠏඹڙa౷ದྟ֥ࠠ#ބ∀҉མაّѼ#ᇏิԛਔ॓࿐ᆩ്ᄹӉ֥࣍ս۽ြඌ໓ૼ,֤ದૌؓඌྟӁളྟᇶၬଆൔࠇᆣເᇶၬଆൔbᆃ၂࿐ਔ߈ၐb Ѩഠ߶ a ֆ૫ದ aނఖঔඪթᄝ၂۱бࢠૼཁ֥ંಌཊ,ݖႿ఼טࠣಆ౯ളາࠏ,ࠗఏਔದૌؓඌ֥ࠗਛਔ॓࿐ᆩ്ؿᅚᇏ֥ބྟࣚപbᆌؓѯbหљ൞20ൗࡀᇏွၛުളߌ֥ࠤख௶غනམ֥ಌཊ,Ֆ൙॓ൎ࣮֥ૅݓ࿐ᆀذ߄ၛࠣളߌᄎ֥ྖఏ,ؓ֒սඌ֥ກઔථ!९ضႿ1962୍ؿіਔ∀॓࿐۪ଁ֥ࢲؿᅚิԛਔྍ֥ေb૫ؓ҂؎ശ֥ۚݚܒ#၂ѩิԛਔ ٓൔ (paradigm)၂Սb૫,҂؎ವ߄֥Ѣԫބರэն֥ଲࠞԙသॢ ٓൔ ၂Սุགྷਔ९ضනམᇏ֥٤ྟᇶၬ׳,ೂޅुրඌ۳ದোഠ߶ջট֥ڵ૫႕ཙ,ཟ,఼טਔ॓࿐࣮ᇏ෮թᄝ֥٤ྟၹೂޅ০Ⴈགྷսඌটࢳथದো૫ਢ֥໙ี,ೂࠣఃؿᅚ֥҂ಒקྟb९ضؿགྷ,ෛሢ॓࿐ޅᄝฐඌؿᅚܿੰ֥ࠎԤഈ՜ࣉඌٓൔؿᅚӁളਔྸ؟ྍ൙aྍགྷའ,طჰট֥၂ུ൬۠ರ௹:2010 05 10ቔᆀࡥࢺ:ᅵࡹफ(1961 ),ଳ,ྍࡿെފሰದ,ᅽ࿐Ѱൖ,࢝൱aѰൖള֝ഽ,ᇶေՖ൙ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚa॓Էྍ࣮b586
ֻ32जᅽ࿐ഠ߶॓࿐ϱ߉ၼഽٓ࿐ჽ࿐Бંಏمࢳބൡႋ֒భ֥൙ބགྷའ,ᆃၢ֥ჭྡྷ,໓ૼభࣉ၂҄,҂֩Ⴟള༢ࠇࣼсಖ֝ᇁٓൔ֥ሇэ[1]b९ضٓൔۀ൞Ֆളၹሰ္ൈభࣉ၂҄b໓ૼӁള֥ഠ߶ູഠ߶ࣜ࠶֥ྍٓൔ౼սࣸٓൔ֥࢘؇টॉҳ॓ሱ࠭ࡹ৫֥၂్ࠏܒ,ሇэູૌჰটଢ֥࿐۪ଁ֥ؿᅚઝ֥bၩն০ࣜ࠶࿐ࡅ؟༆ᄝّ֥૫bඌࣉ҄۳ದোջটऍնҍڶ֥1982୍ิԛਔඌٓൔ֥ۀ,ඌٓൔᆷ۴ൈ,္յषਔልႵ۲ᇕᄙބࠋߑ֥ ؟ঘଊऌ၂ק֥ᇉඌa۴ऌՖሱಖ॓࿐ᇏ֤ট֥އ ,۳ದোջটਔᄀটᄀ؟֥ڵ૫ࡎᆴބّᇶ၂קჰ,ࢳथ၂קඌ໙ี֥ ଆ ބ ଆุྟིႋ,ϜದোᇂႿ၂ᇕളթᆭᇏ[6]bൔ [2];ᄝෛު֥࣮ᇏ,Ⴛࡼඌٓൔࣉ၂؟༆ࡼඌٳູ ඌٓൔ൞၂ቆဢ҄קၬӮູ ࢳथหקࣜ࠶໙ีطഡ࠹֥ඌ∃∃∃ሙСषؿބڿࣉ֥ࠎЧದ۽ᇅ;္ࣼԷྍ༢ࠇඌԷྍଆൔ bၹՎૌॖၛࡼ൞၂༢ਙ൫ฐ∃∃∃ՖՎૌሼཟޅԩ?ૌႋٓൔुቓ၂ᇕၛФቆᆮ߄֥ඌູᇶุ֥ഠ߶ھ০Ⴈଧུᆩ് ,ႮՎૌॖၛुԛඌٓളթٚൔbՖັܴഈु,൞ࢳथ෮࿊ᄴ֥ൔ֥ൌᇉႋ֒൞ದোᄝڿᄯൗࢸ֥ݖӱᇏ෮ࣜඌࣜ࠶໙ี֥၂ᇕ ଆൔ ;Ֆޡܴഈ,ඌ֥ٓ၂༢ਙ൫ฐྟ֥ࣜဒ֥ሹࢲbᇝ໓ၜگൔॖקၬູഠ߶ളӁᇶ֝ඌุ༢֥ࠎЧหᆘྖ֥ྖఏaሱಖ॓࿐۪ଁބඌ۪ଁ֥ྖഹ,֝ބӱଆൔbඌٓൔ൞ ࢳथଖোඌ໙ีᇁਔದোൎഈ໓߄ਵთ֥ധख़э۪,ഠ߶҂֥၂ᇕ๙ྛଆࠇଆൔ [3]bᄝഠ߶ؿᅚ֥҂൞Ⴎؓሱಖ֥ᆰܴනяಪ്ބᄎႨჰඌᆰൎൈ௹,҂֥ഠ߶ྙؓႋ҂֥ඌࢤࡆ۽ሱಖࠆ֤֥ਬྒದ۽ᇅ֩ܒӮ֥ࡥٓൔbֆ໓߄ၹ,ط൞ႮఖҪՑaᇅ؇ҪՑaྛູ(ؽ)གྷսඌٓൔ֥ଽݤbҪՑބࡎᆴܴҪՑ֩ܒӮ֥ປᆜ໓߄༢[7]b ದোሱദ֥ࣉ߄Ӯۿ,ᄝޓնӱ؇ഈ൞གྷսඌቔູ၂ᇕᅚགྷٚൔ,ఃหׄ൞๙ݖषႵྜྷᅧਔ۽ऎ֥ᇅᄯބႨѩԮӵ༯٢aڿэaࢌߐaٳaሇ߄ᆃဢ֥ٚൔᅚൕԛಀ,ၹՎ,ದোࣉ߄ൎ֥ࠎԤ൞ඌൎ [4]bট,֒ࣂഠ߶၂్൙ବೆඌ༢ᆭᇏbඌ൞ದোླေሱಖܿੰཌྷఔކ֥Ӂ,൞ದགྷսඌٓൔ֥ଽݤ൞ၛඌ֥ܼٗྟԮѬބোؓሱಖڿᄯބ০Ⴈ֥൭؍,൞၂ᇕሱಖඋྟറູࠎԤ,ऎႵሱദ৫֥ଽᄝࢲܒބۿିބഠ߶උྟཌྷࢲކ֥Ӂbඌ֥ࢲݔડቀਔ֥༢,๙ݖሱّྟᇗྍᆜކၛൡႋଽ҆ߌഠ߶֥ದ֥ླေ,ູഠ߶֥ದ෮ཨٮ,ྸ؟ඌބຓ҆ߌ֥э߄,๙ݖགྷսඌࠃ֥ؓߎ߶Ӂള֥ؿૼᆀބ൮Էᆀ෮ໃିყਘ֞ࠇའaٚمaࡎѓሙaࡎᆴܴބྛູ֥ܿٓ၂ໃԉٳყਘ֥֞ᇗնഠ߶ުݔ,۷ཁൕਔඌᇁྟބۚ؇ྟ߄ູ၇ກ,ቂaݓࡅaሷ֥ഠ߶උྟ[5]bෛሢඌٓൔؿᅚ֥҂؎Ӯ࢝ބֹ֥ཋᇅ,ѩ۴ऌഠ߶ᇶุླေބग़ඃ,ྸ؟ᅽ࿐ࡅؓགྷսඌٓൔ֥ଽݤࣉྛਔܴൗࢸ֥Ԅ؇ಀڿэၘႵࢲܒބܿٓ,ྙӮ۷ധೆ֥௩༅bݚ֣۬غᆷԛ:ૌളࠃa۽ቔބ؟a۷ॹa۷ն֥ࡎᆴष٢༢bທু֥ٚൔ,൳ᇍགྷս۽ြഠ߶֥ඌᇇ෮ᇅჿ,ඌᄝЧᇉഈ൞ದौሱദ৯ਈ෮॥ؽaགྷսඌٓൔ֥ބಌཊᇅ҂ਔ֥ת༆bمধक़ڞ࿐ஊᄵՖದ֥ሱႮࢳ ၛགྷսඌٓൔູނྏ֥۽ြഠ߶ᇏ,ሱ٢࢘؇টඪૼགྷսഠ߶൞٤ದྟ߄֥ഠ߶,ಖᇉളӁაഠ߶ᇉളӁᆭࡗթᄝሢࡕೌ ֤གྷսದো҂҂ି࿊ᄴሱ֥࠭ଁᄎ,؛,གྷսඌᆦӪ֥ഠ߶ᇉളӁ ఃඌჰമᇀ҂ି࿊ᄴሱ֥࠭൭؍ bࠉ֣ಪູ,ದᄵބቆᆮჰᄵ൞ཌྟ֥ބ٤࿖ߌ֥,ၛஆ٢ো໓ૼ֥ࣉӱఃൌ൞၂۱҂؎කວ֥ݖӱ,གྷնਈ٬ఙູหᆘ [8]bགྷսඌٓൔࣜ࠶ഈս۽ြഠ߶ऍն֥ିਈཨݻ,۳ૌंᇾ֥ൗ֥Ӯۿ֝ᇁਔള࿐ഈ֥ാϧ,ඌٓൔঔᅦࢸջটਔࠞն֥ࠁbඌགྷս߄֥ࣉӱᄀ෮Ӂള֥າݝၘࣜຯཽ֞ਔದো֥ളթބؿॹ,ିਈሇ߄֥؇ᄀۚ,Ⴕིିਈཨݻ֤ࣼᄀᅚb ૅݓᅞުඌэథӁള֥,҂ࣇ൞࿆҃؟,ߌ֥ࠁӱ؇္ࣼᄀնbઔक़නᄻᆷԛ:ਔऎႵޓ؟ყൕၩၬ֥ݓളӁሹᆴഈ֥ᄝૌᆃ۱ൈս,ૄ၂ᇕ൙ݺཞЇݣႵሱ126%֥ᄹӉ,طႵ၂۱ᄝбੱഈۚႿݓളّ֥࠭૫;ඌᄝഠ߶ൎࣉ҄ٚ૫ԉ֒Ӂሹᆴ10П֥ߌಙඣ֥ഈശ [9]bགྷսਔൎ֥҂ሱत֥۽ऎ,္൞ದૌᄥ൳୬ඌٓൔّ֥ളྟটሱః॓࿐ࠎԤ֥ߎჰྟ587
,2010ᇉbඌ֥ଂ༂ჷႿః॓࿐ࠎԤᆦෞ֥ྟބᇇӁളնܿଆ֥ۄಠބ႕ཙ[6]bᇉ, ඌᄝളഈ֥ാϧॖၛිჷ֞ඌ֥(ඹ)གྷսඌٓൔࠒིႋഈ֥ಌཊb॓࿐ࠎԤ֥ཌྷႋാϧ bᄝགྷսඌٓൔॿࡏඌ൞ದթᄝބؿᅚ֥ٚൔbೂݔགྷսದၛᆭᇏ,ದোοᅶඌܿ߃֥ਫ਼ཌಀྛ,ದӮਔૌݖಀؓրሱಖ֥ٚൔটؓրඌ֥߅,ૌФඌ෮ᇍބᆦ֥۽ऎ;ളߌ൞බၩьمϥຂඌීଁંbಒൌ,ೂݔҐ౼௴અؠބЉཤ֥ჰਘ,ളາࠏ҂ॖх૧bྩථൔ֥؇টुրඌ,ದૌь҂֤҂၇(၂)གྷսඌٓൔؿᅚଆൔഈ֥ಌཊbঠ۷؟֥ඌট౼֤ؓඌЧദ֥॥ᇅbದোԮ֥۽ြ൞ ჰਘ∃Ӂ∃٬ਘ ֥ؿᅚଆᄻ০Ⴈඌᆘڛሱಖ,ೂݔૌ҂֤ቍᇗൔ,ᆃᇕଆൔ൞ׅ֥٤࿖ߌaնਈ٬ఙބ҂ሱಖമᇀࣣໆሱಖ֥߅,ૌь߶Էᄯԛሱദॖӻ࿃֥ؿᅚଆൔbႮႿ০Ⴈੱ֥֮༯,ሇ߄ၛᅧ॥֥ඌ,طඌ္҂ॖିၞֹФູӁ֥ᇉࣇࣇᅝՖሱಖࢸᇏ౼ԛᇉ֥ޓ॥ᇅbၹູඌᆞೂሱಖ၂ဢ,Ⴕሱദؿᅚഒ၂҆ٳ,ഺჅ֥नၛ٬ఙ֥ྙൔФஆ٢֥֞આࠠbૌ҂ႋ֒ေࠏఖa۽ऎބଷປਔሱಖࢸᇏbᆃᇕ նਈളӁaնਈཨٮaնਈӮӑԛૌି৯ၛຓ֥ༀ,ڎᄵૌ߶ၛሱ٬ఙ ֥ളӁଆൔ۳ಆ౯֥ള༢ջটਔ֥߮࠭આࠠؓրૌ,ѩ߶ఃᇅᄯᆀࠏྀྟ֥յࠌbᄝᆃᇕؿᅚଆൔ༯,ඌӮਔದ߄[10]bඌ֥ࠒིႋࣼ൞ඨཌྷӵ֥aૄۯোູਔડቀሱദ֥ླေط၇ौሱಖܿੰބሱಖ၂؍ൈࡗࣼԛགྷ၂Ց۪ྍ֥ඌ௶༢,ః၂֊ࢸ֥ᇉaିਈބྐ༏টԷᄯa॥ᇅaႋႨބڿྙӮؓದো֥ؿᅚсಖӁളޓն֥႕ཙ[11]bࣉದ۽ሱಖ༢֥൭؍ބٚൔ;ѩᆃᇕࣜ࠶ෛሢھඌุ༢ФದোᄝࢠնٓຶଽႨѩሇؿᅚଆൔ֤ሱಖӮਔ၂۱ुර౼ᆭ҂࣐Ⴈᆭ߄ູགྷൌളӁ৯,ᆃᇕ٤ཌྟ֥aڵ૫֥aຓᄝ҂ࢰ֥ሧჷ९,ದ۽ሱಖ֥ؿᅚϴෛሢሱಖۿ֥႕ཙರၭૼཁbႮႿඌࠒིႋ֥႕ཙބି߄֥ࡆखၛࠣದაሱಖܱ༢ࣅᅦ֥ࡆखbުݔऎႵᇌުྟหᆘ,ඌ֥նਈႨ,ၐᄠ(ؽ)གྷսඌٓൔؿᅚଢѓഈ֥ಌཊbൈಒൌᄹ఼ਔದোᆘڛሱಖ֥ି৯,֥ڵԮ֥ؿᅚଆൔ൞ືGDPં,Ϝ۽ြᄹӉ֥૫႕ཙॖିေᄝۄ୍ުҌିіགྷԛটބФؿ؇ބݓࡅ۽ြ߄֥ඣቔູൌགྷགྷս߄֥ѓགྷb֒భ֥ದো૫ਢ֥ಆ౯ളߌ໙ีၐᆽ,ၹՎջটਔളߌ֥ࠤखذ߄,ሧჷኇࣼ൞ඌࠒིႋڵ૫႕ཙ֥၂۱іགྷ,ൈك,ള؟ဢྟ֥ೌࡨ,֤ࣜ࠶ؿᅚቋުཊೆ္ّ႘ਔඌࠒིႋ֥ᇌުྟ[6]bಌكളࠎԤطၛӻ࿃ؿᅚֹ֥baགྷսඌٓൔ֥֮ฏ߄ሇ()གྷսඌٓൔࡎᆴܴഈ֥ಌཊbགྷսඌٓൔ֥ࡎᆴܴ൞ದোᇏྏᇶၬbದোᇏ (၂)ඌٓൔ֥֮ฏ߄ሇbྏᇶၬᄝದো۽ြ໓ૼ֥ؿᅚaᆷ֝ದোඌٓൔ֥֮ฏ߄൞֮ฏࣜ࠶֥ނྏb֮ಪ്ൗࢸބڿᄯൗࢸᇏؿߨᇶܴିྟٚ૫ఏฏࣜ࠶൞၂ᇕྍ֥ࣜ࠶ؿᅚଆൔ,ژކ֒ࣂॖ֞ਔ၂ק֥ቔႨb൞ෛሢದোݖٳֹศቊᄝӻ࿃ؿᅚބࡹ৫ሧჷࢫჿaߌႶݺؓሱಖࢸ഻֥০ᇏ,ದোᇏྏᇶၬԊਔཋᇅ,ഠ߶֥ေb֮ฏࣜ࠶൞၂۱༢ྟ֥۽ӱ,൪ሱಖ֥թᄝބࡎᆴ,ݖٳঔնದ֥ᇶุྟ൞၂۱ടࠣࣜ࠶aഠ߶aᆟᇍ֥༢ྟ֥ؿᅚଆބ٢ሺದ֥,ྟӮਔ၂ᇕࡐᄝሱಖࢸᆭഈൔb֮ฏࣜ࠶൞ൡႋള໓ૼؿᅚླေ֥ࣜ࠶֥ህᇅᇶၬbඌᓚఙਔሱಖࢸၛࠣದোЧദؿᅚٚൔބିჷཨٮٚൔ,൞ದোളࠃ֥ྍэ෮ܥႵ֥مᄵބܿٓ,սᆭၛඌၛࠣඌႋ۪b֮ฏࣜ࠶ቔູࣜ࠶ଆൔ,ေႵඌٚم֥Ⴈ֥مᄵބܿ,ٓѩྙӮ၂ᇕ҂ၛದ֥ၩᆽᆦӪbൌགྷ֮ฏࣜ࠶֥ቋᇗေ֥ඌٓൔ֥ሇູሇ၍ุ֥༢߄ࢲܒ(ࠧݚ֣۬غ෮ඪ֥ ቖࣼ൞ ฏᇏބඌ ֥ႋႨb ฏᇏބ (Car ࡏ )bᆃᇕቖࡏ൞၂ᇕ๙ݖದো֥ؿᅚ෮ࡹbon neutral)ᆃ၂ඌე൞Ⴎ֥ؗໃট೦ਟ܄ᄯԛট֥ದোളթაؿᅚ֥ྍߌ,ऎႵ఼ඳᄝ1997୍ิԛ֥,ၩනᆷ๙ݖ࠹ෘؽသ߄ฏਛ֥٤ሱಖaඌ߄ބࠏྀྟ֥ґb҂ࣇஆ٢ሹਈ,ಖު๙ݖᆱඎᄯਟ(ᄹࡆฏ߸)aؽ๙ݖሱദᇯࡶྙӮ֥৫ປᆜ֥ࢲܒބۿି,သ߄ฏѽሚބઘթ֩ٚمϜஆ٢ਈ་൬ו,ၛϜؓದোളթބؿᅚቋऎ۴Чၩၬ֥ሱಖളղ֞ߌЌ֥ଢ֥bฏᇏބඌᇶေЇওো:ಁзᄝຓ,ط္ؓሱಖളಁ֥ݖӱaܱ༢໑൩గุ֥ѽࠢඌa໑൩గุ֥ઘթඌބ588
ֻ32जᅽ࿐ഠ߶॓࿐ϱ߉ၼഽٓ࿐ჽ࿐Б֮ฏࠇਬฏྍିჷඌbၹՎ,֮ฏࣜ࠶෮ႄၛࡹ৫ॖӻ࿃֥ӁြࢲܒaളӁٚൔބཨٮଆؿ֥ඌ۪ଁ൞၂۱ุ༢,Їওॖᄜളିჷൔູଽݤ,ၛႄ֝ದૌሼഈӻ࿃ބཾ֥ؿᅚ֡ඌaฏѽࠆބٿթඌaᇆିຩඌaࢫିਫ਼ູሢငׄ,఼טದ֥ሱतაሱੰ,ದაሱಖߌඌ(ିჷིੱ)aߌЌඌaԥିඌaࡹᇽྍҋ֥ཌྷ၇թaཌྷ՜ࣉa܋ԩ܋ವbࡹഡളਘඌaྍିჷచӚඌ֩b֮ฏࣜ࠶ଆൔ֥໓ૼ,՜ࣉඌٓൔ֥ሇ൞Ӊ௹࡛ऍ֥ݖӱ,ؿᅚ෮၇ກ֥ႋھ൞၂ӆྍ֥۽ြ۪ଁ,൞ሸ҂߶၂ᵉطࣼ,္҂߶၂সႥၤb൞ૌॖކିჷ۪ଁބྐ༏ඌ۪ଁ֥ྍඌ۪ଁ,ടၛुԛඌ֥ള߄ބॖӻ࿃ؿᅚ֥֥ྙࠣିჷaࢌ๙aࡹᇽ֩۲ٚ૫bՖᆃ၂ݖӱॖၛӮၘࣜӮູᆃ۱ൈս֥ᇶ࿈ੰbुԛ,ൌགྷ֮ฏࣜ࠶ؿᅚଆൔླေࢠ֥ۚඌ൮༵,ඌ֥֮ฏ߄ሇ൞ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚ֥ඣ[12]bࣜ࠶ᄹӉٚൔ֥ૄ၂Ցሇэ൞ႮсಖေbԮ֥ؿᅚ൞Ϝؿᅚ֩Ⴟࣜଽᄝ֥ඌٓൔဆࣉ֥b࠶ᄹӉ,ᆃᇕᆺܤࣜ࠶ؿᅚaޭ൪ളߌ֥༮აඌ֥ളӁݖӱཌྷර,ඌٓൔ္ေࣜκ֥ؿᅚනਫ਼ᆞ൞Ԯ۽ြൈս֥ᆇൌཿᅶb၂۱Ֆ֏ളaӮӉaӮඃ֞ක֥ളଁᇛ௹ݖෛሢದোؓ૫ਢ֥֥҂؎ّන,ิԛਔྍӱb֒՜ࣉࣜ࠶ᄹӉ֥ଽᄝၹაຓᄝၹ֥֥ؿᅚ,Ϝؿᅚࢳູ൞ࣜ࠶ᄹӉaഠ߶ࣉؿᅚ҂ཌྷൡႋࠇԛགྷ؛֥ൈީ,ࠧࣜ࠶ᄹӉ҄aߌڿ֥ࢲކbෛሢॖӻ࿃ؿᅚ֥აࣜ࠶ؿᅚ҂ཌྷ၂ᇁ֥ൈީ,ၘႵ֥ඌٓൔิԛ,ࠧؿᅚ൞ದაሱಖaഠ߶ᆀླྀטࠎԤഈؓࣜ࠶ᄹӉ֥ቔႨࣼ߶ࡨࠇᆀӁളቅ֥ؿᅚ,ؓඌ֥Էྍބሇิԛਔྍ֥ေ,৯bᄝԮ֥ཌࣜ࠶ؿᅚଆൔ༯,ࣜ࠶ᄹӉေ๙ݖඌԷྍؓԮ֥ඌܴࣉྛ۪ଁྟ֥აߌЌᆭࡗ֥؛ರၭԛѩӮູࣜ࠶ࣉэ۪,ࠧᓚఙჰႵ֥۽ြ໓ૼ֥ۚฏ߄ඌٓ၂҄ؿᅚ֥ᇗቅθ,ᆃࣼіૼ֥ࣸࣜ࠶ᄹӉൔ,՜ࣉඌٓൔ֥֮ฏ߄ሇཟbଆൔၘࣜሼ֞ਔؿᅚ֥ࠞཋ,၂ӆྍ֥ඌٓఃՑ,ള໓ૼ֥ྖఏູඌሇิ܂ਔൔ۪ଁӮູൈս֥ླေ,֮ฏࣜ࠶ႋᄎط৯bള໓ૼ൞ၛॖᄜള֥ളᇉିჷսูള[13]b֮ฏࣜ࠶֥ؿᅚࣼ൞ඌٓൔ֮ฏ߄߄െିჷູᇶေѓᆽ֥ໃটದোაሱಖބཾཌྷሇཟ֥іགྷ,ඌٓൔ֥֮ฏ߄ሇсࡼջটԩ֥໓ૼഠ߶bള໓ૼ൞ࣜ࠶aഠ߶aሱಖॖࣜ࠶aഠ߶ؿᅚ֥ྍᅣbӻ࿃ؿᅚ֥ഠ߶,൞࿖ߌࣜ࠶֥ഠ߶ބሧჷࢫ(ؽ)གྷսඌ֮ฏ߄ሇ֥сಖྟbჿaߌႶݺ֥ഠ߶bള໓ૼ൞ದোഠ߶ᇙ෮ᇛᆩ,֒ࣂಠൗࢸ֥ն ݖഺ ໙ჰ໓ૼa୪ြ໓ૼa۽ြ໓ૼު֥ྍ໓ૼྙี∃∃∃ದ१ݖഺaඌݖഺaཨٮݖഺ,൞Ֆbଢభದো໓ૼᆞԩᄝႮ۽ြ໓ૼཟള໓ളາࠏ࢘؇ิԛট֥bఃᇏؓඌّ֥න൞ૼݖ؈֥ሇᆭᇏbള໓ૼა۽ြ໓ૼ֥ཁགྷսྟ֥ᇏྏ߅ีᆭ၂bၹູඌၘӮູᇷљ൞,۽ြ໓ૼ൞ၛെႲaિ֩߄െିჷູڿэದোაሱಖ֥ܱ༢֥ᇶ֝৯ਈ,Ⴍః൞གྷᇶေ৯,ၛࠏఖն۽ြູᇶေളӁٚൔ֥໓սඌ֥ؿᅚؓದোളթߌ֥႕ཙ,۳ದোૼྙ;ള໓ૼ൞ၛဝିູᇶ֥ॖᄜളള֥ࡲूބളթջটਔࠞն֥ຯཽაາݝ,ၹՎ,ᇉିჷսู߄െିჷູᇶေѓᆽ֥ໃটದোದো҂֤҂ؓགྷսඌ֥ؿᅚࣉྛധख़ّ֥აሱಖބཾཌྷԩ֥໓ૼྙbᆦӪ۽ြ໓ૼ֥නb20ൗࡀ֥۽ြ໓ૼ֥ؿᅚ,ದૌ০Ⴈ॓߄െିჷ൞Ⴕཋሧჷ,նਈႨ߶֝ᇁߌ࿐ބඌԷᄯਔऍն֥ളӁ৯ބഠ߶ҍڶ;ಙބሧჷ४ࢰ,ၹط൞҂ॖӻ࿃֥bॖᄜളିൈෛሢඌ֥ڵ૫ቔႨ֥Ӂള,ཞߌಙaሧჷ൞Ⴈᆭ҂ࢰ֥,ၹطള໓ૼॖӻ࿃ؿᅚ֥ჷາࠏaള؟ဢྟ֥༯ࢆ֩໙ี္э֤ᄀটഠ߶,൞࿖ߌࣜ࠶֥ഠ߶ބሧჷࢫჿaߌႶݺᄀᇗbದૌႋ֒ᅟᄝൎؿᅚ֥ۚ؇ബ൪໓֥ഠ߶bᆃࣼေϜ֮ฏඌቔູൌགྷള߄ૼބߌᆭࡗ֥ܱ༢,ၹՎള໓ૼ൞ದো໓ؿᅚ֥ܱ൭؍,Ӟָൌགྷିჷ০Ⴈٚൔ֥۴ૼބሱಖࢸᆭࡗ֥ܱ༢֥၂۱ྍ֥ฐ෬,္൞Чڿэb҂֥໓ૼൈսႵ҂֥ނྏඌ,ದোؿᅚ֥၂۱сಖ֥൝bള໓ૼቔູದૄ၂Ցഠ߶ሇ൞ᄝᇗնඌ֥ࠎԤഈো໓ૼ֥၂ᇕྙ,ၛϜሱಖܿੰaቍᇗބົؿള֥b۶ᇕaအ֩ඌ֥ؿૼ,ದোՖథሱಖູభิ,ၛದაሱಖaದაದaದაഠ߶ᗧ֥ᗻਝ໓ૼࣉೆקं֥୪ြ໓ૼ;ၛᆕచࠏބཾ܋ളູሷᆻ,ၛሧჷߌӵᄛି৯ູࠎԤ,ູ༵֥֝ࠏఖඌ,षтਔ߄െିჷնܿଆ০589
,2010Ⴈ֥۽ြ໓ૼൈսb֒ࣂ֮ฏඌ֥षؿႋᇏ,ᄝഠ߶ᆟҦᇅקaथҦൌീഈ,ၛླྀטದোႨ,หљ൞նܿଆഅႨ,ࡼ׀ڭၛ߄െିჷູࠎაሱಖᆭࡗ֥ܱ༢ູࠎሙ,ၛ௹Ќӻದোࠃെ֥۽ြ໓ૼؿᅚଆൔ,ջটିჷ০Ⴈٚൔ֥ؓሱಖ֥ቋཬݝѩିܔࣉྛളྩگބളಆྍ۪ଁ,ᆃь൞ނିބॖᄜളିჷᇯ҄ႋႨࡹഡbѩቋᇔ౼ս߄െିჷ֥ྍൈսbള໓ૼ൞ၛֻؽ,ࡔӻ֮ฏඌԷྍ,ࡆॹሇэࣜ࠶ؿॖᄜള֥ളᇉିჷսู߄െିჷູᇶေѓᆽᅚٚൔbෛሢᇏݓ۽ြ߄aӬ൧߄֥ࡆؿᅚ,֥ໃটದোაሱಖބཾཌྷԩ֥໓ૼഠ߶bᇏݓଢభၘӮູିݻቋնaஆ٢ਈቋն֥ݓࡅֻ,֒ࣂିჷ໙ี֥ԛྟླေඌٓᆭ၂,টሱݓຓ֥ࡨஆޫലᄀটᄀۚaটሱݓଽൔ֥֮ฏ߄b֒ࣂൗࢸളߌ֥ࠤखذ߄ބሧჷ४ࢰބߌߊ֥৯ᄀটᄀնbсྶࡼሧჷ֥ᇗ؋ಌ,ၘࣜຯཽ֞ದো֥ളթބؿ֮ฏࣜ࠶ބ֮ฏඌವೆྍ۽ြ߄֡ਫ਼ᇏ,ᅚbॖӻ࿃ؿᅚۀ֥ิԛູದো֥ؿᅚᆷૼࡔӻϜࣜ࠶ؿᅚࡹ৫ᄝ॓ࣉ֥҄ࠎԤഈ,ջਔᅞٚཟ,ള໓ૼ൞ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚ֥ഠ߶ٓ۽ြ߄ᄝۚఏׄഈؿᅚ;ࡔӻܼႋႨ,ط࿖ߌࣜ࠶֥ิԛ,ູൌགྷॖӻ࿃ؿᅚᅳ༵֞ࣉൡႨ֥֮ฏඌ,తٚϤ࠹ิۚିჷሧჷਔࣜ࠶ؿᅚ֥ଆൔbෛሢ॓࿐ඌ֥ؿᅚބള০Ⴈིੱ,ିჷሧჷჿඏ;ࡆ఼ݓ࠽ކቔ,Ӂܴ֥ڿэ,ದૌಪ്֞ਔषؿ ੳିჷ ৯ᆚᄝॖᄜളିჷඌaฏѽࠆބٿթඌaࢫ൞ࢳथିჷາࠏ֥ᇗေࣥbဝିaֹಣିaିඌ(ିჷིੱ)aྍିჷచӚඌ֩ٚ૫ႚڄିaݚလିaނିၛࠣളି֩թᄝႿሱಖࢸႵ၂༜ᆭֹbᇏ֥ିჷФӫቔ ॖᄜളିჷ ,ႮႿᆃུିჷֻ,၇ऌݓ౦,ൌീ֮ฏ߄ؿᅚᅞbࡔؓߌາݝࢠഒၹՎႻࢡቓ ੳିჷ bӻࢫჿູ༵a৫ቀݓଽa؟ჭؿᅚa၇ौ॓aЌ္൞ඌٓൔ֮ฏ߄֥ᇗေุགྷbषؿ ੳߌaࡆ఼ݓ࠽০ކቔ֥ିჷؿᅚᅞ,ࡹିჷ ,՜ࣉളӁ֥֮ฏ߄൞ࢳथିჷາࠏ֥৫ሱ֥࠭ିჷ০Ⴈٚൔބളࠃٚൔ,х૧ཊೆᇗေࣥbؿᅚ֮ฏࣜ࠶,ࣼ൞ေӞָڿэၛ ႄࣉ∃ઋު∃ᄜႄࣉ∃ᄜઋު ֥ذྟ࿖ߌb߄െିჷູᇶ֥ಆ౯ିჷ০Ⴈࢲܒ,ᆃࣼླေ҂ᅶӒᅶϬݓຓࣜဒ,ࡔӻሱᇶԷྍ,ሢ৯ᄝྍඌԷྍؿߨᇗေ֥ቔႨ,๙ݖඌ֥֮ฏ߄ିჷਵთᅧ၂ނྏඌ;ၛ൧ӆ߄ࠏᇅ՜ࡼିჷ০ႨٚൔሇߐӮ ੳ০Ⴈٚൔ ,ᆃ൞ࣉ॓ԷྍሧჷིۚᇂބሸކࠢӮ,ࠒࠞႄؿᅚള໓ૼaԷᄯದোૅݺໃট֥ᇗေࣥb֝նᇙ֥֮ฏཨٮbඹaᇏݓႋؓඌٓൔ֮ฏ߄ሇ֥ؓҦֻඹ,ࡔӻᆟکᇶ֝aഠ߶ҕაaᇅ؇Ќᅰ၂ุ߄֥ईծb֮ฏ߄ؿᅚ,ေ۴Чሇэࣜ ֮ฏ߄ؿᅚ࠻൞໓ૼഠ߶ؿᅚ֥མ࠶ᄹӉٚൔ,ᆃၛӮູఒြ֥ሱतྛູ,сࢸ,္൞ದোൌགྷॖӻ࿃ؿᅚ֥གྷൌଢѓbࠒྶ൞ᆟکᇶ֝,ົߌᆳم֥ಃຯ,ࡹ৫ߌЌࠞࡹഡള໓ૼ,୭৯՜ࣉದაሱಖބཾ,൞ࣜӁြ֥ࣁವҍඥႪ߲ᆟҦ,ࣉߌЌ֥॓ሱ࠶ഠ߶ؿᅚቋᇗေaቋ۴Ч֥ൈսᇗ,൞ໃটᇶԷྍ֩b֮ฏ߄ؿᅚေಆุഠ߶Ӯჴࡹ৫ದაሱಖބཾཌྷԩ֥ਲ߿෮ᄝbԩᄝሇ௹֥၂ᇕߌ֣֡ބ໓߄ุ༢,ሱतЌളߌbؿᅚᇏնݓ,ೂޅࡔӻႨࡹഡള໓ૼ֥ᅞൈླေࡲಆປሧჷषؿaߌЌٚ૫֥ငܻaᅞනົބᅞ൭؍,টബ൪aଔ߃aࢳथمܿᇅ؇,ົمੰ֥ಃຯ,ቓ֞၇مྛ൙bсݓԛ֥ߌ໙ี,ଃ෬ԛ၂่սࡎཬaॖӻྶܿ߃༵ྛ,ࡹ৫۲ࠩᆟکܲჴᇗնߌ൙ܣ࿃֥ߌႪ߄ࣜ࠶ؿᅚ֥ਫ਼ሰ,ࠒࠞฐ෬ᇏݓ໙ᄳᇅb֮ฏؿᅚྍ֡ਫ਼,ૌᇗ֡ჹbֻ,ႏᄯ֮ฏളࠃٲຶ,Ֆགྷᄝषྛֻ၂,ᇗᇏᆭᇗᄝႿሇэܴb֮ฏ߄ၘb֒భ֮ฏ߄ၘӮູݓӬ൧ളࡹഡؿᅚࣜӮູ၂ᇕൗࢸ߄֥Ӗੀbؿᅚ֮ฏࣜ࠶,ླ֥ᇶੀ,ିڎᆇᆞሼཟ֮ฏ߄֥ളӬ൧ؿေն৯௴ࠣളᆩ്,ᄹ఼ളၩ്,ඎ৫ളᅚ֡ਫ਼,࠻౼थႿਵ֥֝ၩ്,္౼थႿ॓࿐֥֣֡,ޢဘള໓ૼ,ࣉ၂҄ྙӮܱᇿߌaಣܿ߃,۷౼थႿ܄ᇙ֥؇bૌ࡚ഈ֥։ሰιሱಖ֥ਅݺڄഉbඎ৫ള֥֩ࠎЧࡎᆴޓᇗ,ၹູໃটࣼᄝૌ൭ഈ,ૌ֥थҦႵ,ඎ৫ژކሱಖളჰᄵ֥ࡎᆴླaࡎᆴ҂֒,ࣼॖିջ۳ሰުսפᆭᄙbܿٓބࡎᆴଢѓ;ࡼള߄റೆ֞ഠ߶ࢲܒᆭૅݓ࿐ᆀ҃ᄻᆃဢ૭ඍ: ႮႿᇏݓႵ590
ֻ32जᅽ࿐ഠ߶॓࿐ϱ߉ၼഽٓ࿐ჽ࿐БೂՎஔն֥ದ१,ದোᇀࣂሼݖ֥෮Ⴕ֡ਫ਼,ؓ[6] ᅦྖ.གྷսඌٓൔ֥ള߄ሇཟ[D].Ӯ:Ӯᇏݓ҂ିൡႨbᇏݓ٤֤षт၂่ಆྍ֥ݴ۽ն࿐ණൖં໓,2005.֡҂ॖbᆃ۱ؿૼਔᄯᆼඌބࠅူ֥ቂ,གྷ[7] ᅦӮە. གྷսඌٓൔ ֥ള࿐ሇཟ[J].ౢᄝ૫ਢ၂۱ॴᄀ༆ٚଆൔ֥ࠏ߶,ཟൗࢸᅚൕն࿐࿐Б:ᅽഠϱ,2003(4).ᄸဢԷᄯ၂۱ߌഈॖӻ࿃ؿᅚ֥ࣜ࠶bᇏݓ[8] Ⴥଔӄ,ྖӮ.ಆ౯࣮ࠣఃᅽ࿐࣮∃∃∃ ֹೂݔӮۿਔ౯ը ۽ӱ[M].Кࣘ:ᇏ܋ᇏန֔ԛϱ,ࣼିູಆൗࢸඎ৫၂۱ϼဢ;ೂݔാϧਔ,෮Ⴕ֥ದࡼູՎڱԛսࡎbഠ,1995. [9] Ϙ!ूધବ.ٿо֥࿖ߌ∃∃∃ሱಖaದބඌҕॉ໓ང:[M].ޥ໓߲,ၲ.ӉԽ:ࠝਟದԛϱഠ,1997.[10] օୄථܞঞห.ौ҂ᇾ֥ӵ୶∃∃∃ඌథ၍ᇏ֥[1] ९ض.॓࿐۪ଁ֥ࢲܒ[M].Кࣘ:Кࣘն࿐ԛϱഠࡎᆴԊ[M].৫ᆽ,ၲ.Кࣘ:ᇏݓഠ߶॓࿐໓,2003.ངԛϱഠ,2004.[2] [11] ӧӄආ.ඌᅽ࿐ႄં[M].Кࣘ:॓࿐ԛϱectories[J].ResearchPolicy,1982(1).ഠ,1999.[3] ڰࡅ៑.ඌԷྍ࿐[M].฿ࣃ:฿ࣃն࿐ԛϱ[12] ਃࣜໂ.ඌٓൔ֥ሇ߄აֹญࣜ࠶ؿᅚ[J].അഠ,1998.ြ࣮,2006(3).[4] E!ચक़ঞ,ݗઅ֣!؟ض.ൗࢸൎഈ֥॓࿐[13] ߭ဇ.ඌٓൔԷྍა࿖ߌࣜ࠶[J].шࡿࣜ࠶აඌ[M].ഈݚ:ഈݚ॓࢝ტԛϱഠ,2003.໓߄,2005(6).[5] ჹ֣ზ,נᄉ.॓࿐ඌؿᅚࡥൎ[M].ഫဝ:תКն࿐ԛϱഠ,2000.(上接第585页)֥,ط൞ླေૌሸކᄎႨ؟࠻Ⴕ࿐֥॓ ൮༵,ުགྷս॓࿐ܴؓ॓࿐ൌᆭഠ߶ંބٚمࠇᆜކ࠻Ⴕ࿐֥॓۲ᇕӮࣼಀࣉྛൎඋྟ֥ࢣൕ,ࡼ՜॓࿐ࡅૌյ࠻ק֥࣮॓,ླေૌ۴ऌྍ֥࣮ؓའބ໙ีਵთԷ࿐ࡏܒ,Ֆ֒սದোഠ߶֥གྷൌླေԛؿটष৫ྍ֥࿐॓ো,മᇀླေૌϜሱಖ॓࿐aഠᅚ॓࿐࣮,ѩၛ۷ࡆष٢a۷ࡆሱႮ֥ྏᇗ߶॓࿐ބದ໓॓࿐ࢲކఏটಀҌॖି۳ԛࢳथෑ॓࿐ࠃ֥ਵთaؓའaଢ֥ބٚم,յ࠻ٚσbбೂದ१໙ีaߌ໙ีaള໙ีaିק॓࿐۬अaԷ৫ሸކྟaࢌҭྟ֥ྍ࿐,॓Ֆჷ໙ี,֩֩bުགྷս॓࿐ᅽ࿐෮Ӑ֥֝॓࿐طӔཟള໓ૼ֥॓࿐ൌק໊Ӯູ၂ᇕሱܴཁಖؓૌᆞಒֹ࣮ࢳथᆃུ໙ี,ՖطಖطႻсಖ֥࿊ᄴ,ߌ॓࿐aള॓࿐aളؓࡹഡള໓ૼ,ิ܂ਔႵ৯֥නམ۽ऎb॓࿐a༢॓࿐֩ൡކႿള໓ૼ֥ྍ࿐॓ቋު,ުགྷս॓࿐ܴؓ॓࿐ᆭഠ߶ൌႨົ۷ࡆགྷԛটb؇ބഠ߶ඌົ؇֥ࢣൕ,ࡼ߶Ⴕ৯՜ࣉགྷൌఃՑ,ުགྷս॓࿐ܴؓ॓࿐ൌᆭ໓߄උ֥॓࿐࣮ᄝഠ߶ႋႨົ؇ބඌҠቔົ؇֥ྟ֥ࢣൕ,ࡼ॓࿐ࠃᄝഠ߶໓߄ࡹഡᇏ֥ᅚषb࠻ಖ॓࿐Чᇉഈѩ҂൞აഠ߶གྷൌܱቔႨ֤֞۷ݺ֥ؿߨbೂభ෮ඍ,ള໓ૼࡹ֥འෳᇏ֥൙ༀ,ط൞აหק֥ದোഠ߶ؿഡ֥ނྏଽಸᆭ၂൞ࡹഡཌྷႋ֥ള໓߄,طᅚࢨ؍ૡ్ཌྷܱ֥ഠ߶ൌ,॓࿐࣮֒ಖࣼ֝ཟᆞಒ֥॓࿐໓߄ᄝള໓߄ࡹഡᇏंႿނေაഠ߶གྷൌބඌൌགྷཌྷ৳༢টषᅚbᆃဢྏֹ໊,ૼಒਔ॓࿐֥໓߄උྟ,ѩႵၩ്ֹؿ֥၂ᇕ॓࿐ܴсಖ՜॓࿐ൌՖܱᇿ֒սದߨఃᄝള໓߄ࡹഡᇏ֥ቔႨ,ࡼ߶ള໓োഠ߶֥ሑঃބ໙ีaܱᇿఃഠ߶֥ބඌ֥ૼࡹഡ౼֤൙϶ۿП֥ਅݺིݔb႕ཙটषᅚbطӔཟഠ߶ބඌ֥॓࿐ൌсᄜՑ,ުགྷս॓࿐఼ܴט॓࿐࿐֥॓ਲࠃࡼႵ৯ބࡆॹളഠ߶໓߄ބളഠྟބᆜุྟ,ᆃࡼႵ০Ⴟൡކള໓ૼླေ֥߶ඌ֥ࡹഡ҄قbྍ࿐֥॓Էࡹބؿᅚb֒ࣂದোഠ߶૫ਢ֥۲ᇕᇗն໙ีथ҂൞࠻Ⴕ֥॓࿐࿐॓ॖၛࢳथ591
ֻ32जᅽ࿐ഠ߶॓࿐ϱ߉ၼഽٓ࿐ჽ࿐БABSTRACTTheMeaning,ContentandLevelofNeedsofthePeople'sLivehoodCHENHong quan(DepartmentofScientificResearch,QingdaoPartySchooloftheCPCCommittee,Qingdao,Shandong266071,China)Abstract:Needsofthepeoples'livehoodaretheneedsforpeoples'living,thats'tosay,'livehoodisacomprehensivecategorycom binedwithmany sidedcontentsincludingMaterialneeds,socialneedsandspirituallifeneedsandenvironmentalneedsincludingmaterialneeds,socialneeds,'livehoodisaneedwithdirectionaltrend,anditregistersasthedifferentlevelsfromlowtohigh,whichcanbedividedintothreebasiclevels:survivalneeds,:peoples'livehood;need;content;levelLow carbonTechnologicalParadigmandConstructionofEco civilizationZHAOJian jun,HAODong(DepartmentofPhilosophy,ThePartySchoolofTheCPCCommittee,Beijing100091,China)Abstract:Withthedevelopmentoftheindustrialcivilizationinthe20thcentury,,,duetotheeffectsofthetechnologicalalienation,theenvironmentpol lution,theresourcecrisis, vereenvironmentproblemgradually,thehumanbegintoreviewtherelationshipsbetweenhuman,natureandsocietywanttofindagoodwaybyconstructingtheeco ,thispapermakesadeepanalysisontheconnotationandcharacterofmoderntechnologicalparadigm,discussesexistingproblemsanddilem maofmoderntechnology,analysesthoroughlyandrevealsdeeplycounter ecologyofmoderntechnologyandfourkindsofdraw :technologicalparadigm;eco civilization;low carbonHeidegger Marxism:ElementofMetaconfucianismFranzFilser(DepartmentofSociology,FreiburgNormalUniversity,Freiburg,German) hongAbstract: ,"Metaconfucianism",whichisconstitutedfromCon fucianism,DaoismandBuddhism,,whichisliberatedfromthedogmatism,andHei deggers'thoughtsonBeingcanundertakethemissionofthecritiqueofthecontemporarysocietyandtheconstitutionofthefuturis ticsocietytogetherwith"Metaconfucianism":Heidegger;Marx;MetaconfucianismOntheRelationshipbetweenFreuds'CharacterUnconsciousandHisAcademicIdeaYUGuan sheng(SchoolofHistory,CultureandTourism,HuaiyinNormalUniversity,Haia'n,Jiangsu223001,China)Abstract:Freudhasahystericalcharacter,representedbybeingeasilysusceptibletosuggestions,self centeredorientation,ex ,theauthorofthispaperthinks,,theJewishinterpretationofhisbirthwithpartofhishumanafterbirthstilloninjectstheconceptionofGreatMan;secondly,thecustomofBack to Rootafterdeathandpopularanticipationofdeathinjectsconceptionofdeath;thirdly,OedipusComplex,hisspecialwayofmakingfriends"FriendorEnemy"andhisarbitrarinessclearshowshishystericalself centeredorientationandex :Freud;hystericalcharacter;unconsciousToPracticeClassificationAdministrationofPublicServantforControllingAdministrativeExpenditureZHANGYa(SchoolofPoliticsandPublicAdministration,HuaiyinNormalUniversity,Huaia'n,Jiangsu223001,China)Abstract: 699
