짧믡톧퇐뺿2001쓪뗚6웚폯퇔뗄뺭볃톧럖컶췴ꆡ뚡ꆡ뚡ꆡꆡAbstract:Thisarticleproposesaframeworkofrationalbehaviorinlanguagelearning,,givenasparametersofallotherfactorsaforementioned,resultinginafour2dimensionalspaceofdifficulty2measure2mentinlanguagelearningwiththepointsnearesttotheoriginrepresentingthewordsꆯ,andshowingdifferentas2pectsaswellasdegreesofrationality(theso2calledMultiplelntelligenceforexample).Nomatterhowformaltheeconomicmodeloflanguagelearningcanbe,itcannotmodelallcharac2teristicsoflanguageactivitiesinsocialinteraction,justasnomodelcanrepresentacompleteindividualhumanlife.튻ꆢ틽퇔:쿖폐뗄퇐뺿ힴ뿶훁뷱캪횹,맘폚폯퇔뗄뺭볃톧퇐뺿짙뗃뿉솯,틔훂퓚컄쿗ퟛ쫶훐벸뫵뿉틔내ퟷ헟탕쏻뷩짜퇐뺿돉맻(Grin,1996,2000)ꆣ뺭볃톧볒힢틢떽죋샠폯컄믮뚯뗄쿠떱늿럖뿉틔듓뺭볃톧뗃떽뷢쫍쫇1960쓪듺훐웚뗄쫂쟩(Marschak,1965)ꆣ햽뫳쏱ퟥ훷틥쫆솦퓚얷훞횳쏱뗘룷맺뗄탋웰,폈웤쫇1970쓪듺뫳웚얷훞룷맺헾뢮훆뚨맙랽폯퇔헾닟,닺짺쇋뛔ꆰ폯퇔뺭볃톧ꆱ뗄탨쟳(Breton,1978)ꆣ틲듋,떽1990쓪듺쒩웚캪횹,폯퇔뺭볃톧퇐뺿뗄훷튪ꆰ컊쳢틢쪶ꆱ쫇죧뫎퓚폯퇔뗄ꆰ췸싧킧펦ꆱ(벴맦쒣킧틦)폫쏱ퟥ맺볒쓚늿뗄컄뮯뛠풪탔(냼삨룷짙쫽ퟥ틡뗄헾훎좨샻킭뗷)횮볤듯돉좨뫢ꆣ퓚헢튻놳뺰쿂,쪵횤뺭볃톧쳡릩쇋폐맘틆쏱뗄췢폯쓜솦폫웤쫕죫뗄맘쾵뗄퇐뺿(Vaillancourt,1987;Chiswick,1991;Dustmann,1994;Grin,1994)ꆢ쪹폃뛠쫽ퟥ틡뗄폯퇔뿉틔퓚뛠듳돌뛈짏캪짙쫽ퟥ틡듸살뺭볃짏뗄뫃뒦(Grin,1992,1990)ꆢ뿧맺릫쮾퓚샍뚯솦쫴뗘뗄폯퇔헾닟(Holden,1987)ꆢ랢햹훐맺볒췢컄랭틫릤ퟷ뗄뇈뷏뺭볃킧틦(Colomer,1991,1996),틔벰죻뛻쳚뷌쫚듓늩?싛뷇뛈뛔폯퇔탐캪뻹뫢컊쳢뗄첽쳖(SeltenandPool,1991)ꆣ짏틽죻뛻쳚뗈죋틔늩?싛랽램뷢쫍폯퇔쿖쿳뗄컄쿗헽쪽캪폯퇔뺭볃톧뗬뚨쇋샭싛믹뒡,늢쟒춨맽늩?싛쪹뗃폯퇔뗄뺭볃톧럖컶폐뿉쓜폫폯퇔뗄헜톧뫍헾훎톧ꆢ폯퇔뗄짧믡붻췹샭싛,86
틔벰럻뫅붻췹뗄짧믡톧뗈틑폐뗄컷랽톧쫵뒫춳죚뫏웰살,헽퓚뾪쪼탎돉폯퇔뺭볃톧뗄ꆰ훷쇷ꆱ뒫춳ꆣ퓚짏쫶ꆰ훷쇷ꆱ뒫춳뗄펰쿬쿂,캪쫽늻뛠뗄뾪쪼뷸죫ꆰ폯퇔뺭볃톧ꆱ뗄샭싛퇐뺿쇬폲뗄ퟷ헟냼삨:슳뇶쮹첹(Rubinstein,1996,2000),췴뚡뚡(1995,1996,2000,2001c,2001d,2001a)ꆣ퓚헢욪싛컄샯,컒쫗쿈뛔쿖폐뗄폯퇔톧훮쇬폲뗄ힴ뿶ퟷ튻쏦쿲뺭볃톧퇐뺿뗄룅쫶(뗚뛾뷚),좻뫳퓚뗚죽뷚샯쳖싛튻룶볲떥뗄좻뛸쫇퇝뮯뗄폯퇔쾰뗃뗄뺭볃럖컶뿲볜,헢튻퇝뮯뗄뻖늿뻹뫢럖컶뿲볜뿉틔폃살뷢쫍뫍풤닢뛹춯퓚쳘뚨톧쾰쓜솦뫍톧쾰뮷뺳뗄훆풼쿂내헕샭탔톡퓱뿉쓜쾰뗃뗄폯퇔횪쪶(듊폯랶캧뫍맦퓲뗄짮뛈),늢쟒뿉틔펦폃폚떱듺룷맺헽퓚췆탐뗄ꆰ룶탔뮯ꆱ뛹춯뷌폽(췴뚡뚡,2001b),틲캪뷌폽헟퓚헢튻럖컶뿲볜뗄횸떼쿂,폐뿉쓜헫뛔쎿룶뛹춯뗄뻟쳥톧쾰뮷뺳톡퓱ퟮ뻟랢햹잱솦뗄횪쪶쾰뗃슷뺶ꆣퟮ뫳,뗚쯄뷚룸돶볲떥뗄뷡폯뫍뷸튻늽퇐뺿뗄랽쿲ꆣ뛾ꆢ폯퇔컊쳢룅튪폯퇔쓜솦쫇죋샠룷훖훇쓜훐ퟮ풭돵튲쫇ퟮ웕뇩뗄튻훖,틲듋튲쫇죋샠ퟮ퓧뾪쪼뛔웤랴쮼뗄쿖쿳횮튻ꆣ샽죧,퇇샯쪿뛠뗂퓚ꆶ뷢쫍욪ꆷ튻뾪쪼쮵ꆰ:뿚폯쫇쓚탄뺭퇩뗄럻뫅,컄ퟖ쫇뿚폯뗄럻뫅ꆭꆭ떫쫇,폯퇔횻쫇쓚탄뺭퇩뗄럻뫅,쓚탄뺭퇩ퟔ짭,뛔헻룶죋샠살쮵뚼쫇쿠춬뗄ꆭꆭꆱ(퇇샯쪿뛠뗂,1993:뻭튻,49)쫂쪵짏,퇇쫏뗄ꆰ릤뻟싛ꆱ훮욪헂ꆶ:랶돫욪ꆷꆶꆢ뷢쫍욪ꆷꆶꆢ럖컶욪ꆷꆢꆶ싛쳢욪ꆷ뫍ꆶ뇧쏽욪ꆷ럅퓚튻웰쿠떱폚훐맺쮼쿫뒫춳훐뗄쯹캽ꆰ쏻톧ꆱ,횻늻맽,뫳헟벸뫵틑뺭듓컒쏇뗄뒫춳훐쿻쪧쇋ꆣ헽죧짏쏦틽쫶뗄퇇샯쪿뛠뗂맘폚폯퇔뗄싛뗣쯹틢캶뗄쓇퇹,맅듺쾣산죋뛔폯퇔쿖쿳뗄랴쮼틽돶쇋뫳살솽잧쓪볤컷랽톧쫵퓚쿂쇐죴룉랽쏦뗄랢햹:(1)뛔폯퇔쯹랴펳뗄쓚탄뺭퇩뗄퇐뺿ꆣ헢떼훂쇋탄샭톧ꆢ폯틥톧ꆢ틢틥샭싛폫횪쪶톧ꆢ볛횵폫틢쿲ꆢ컄톧폫틕쫵엺움ꆢ틢쪶탎첬폫듳훚뒫쎽뗈톧뿆뗄랢햹ꆣ(2)뛔ퟷ캪뿚폯뗄럻뫅뗄ꆰ컄ퟖꆱ뗄퇐뺿ꆣ헢떼훂쇋컄ퟖ톧ꆢ폯램톧ꆢ싟벭톧ꆢ럻뫅샭싛벰릫샭뮯쫽톧뗈톧뿆뗄랢햹ꆣ(3)뛔폯퇔퓚죋볊붻췹훐놻퓋폃뗄랽쪽뗄퇐뺿ꆣ헢떼훂쇋폯폃톧ꆢ닻쫍톧ꆢ럻뫅붻췹샭싛ꆢ짧믡탄샭톧ꆢ랢짺탄샭톧ꆢ폯퇔뇧쪶ꆢ죋릤훇쓜폫죏쪶뿆톧뗈톧뿆뗄랢햹ꆣ쒿잰퓚늩?싛쫓뷇쿂뗄폯퇔퇐뺿훷튪짦벰짏쇐뗄뗚(3)샠쇬폲,뛸뷏짙짦벰뗚(1)벰뗚(2)샠쇬폲ꆣ뺡맜죧듋,헢뻸늻틢캶ퟅ샭탔톡퓱샭싛늻뿉틔퓋폃폚헢솽샠쇬폲ꆣ샽죧,췪좫뿉틔쿫쿳,퓚죋쏇뗄폯퇔탐캪쓜릻놻뾴ퟷ쫇ꆰ늩?ꆱ탐캪뗄뎡뫏쿂,쳘뚨폯듊뗄틢틥뿉틔놻죏캪쫇평늩?뗄뻹뫢ힴ첬뻶뚨뗄ꆣ헢웤쪵뻍쫇슳뇶쮹첹(1996,2000)뫍췴뚡뚡(1996,2001c,2001d)뗄쮼슷ꆣ샠쯆뗘,죧맻폯퇔맦퓲뿉틔놻뾴ퟷ쫇폫죋뗄듳쓔릲짺퇝뮯뗄뮰,쓇쎴폯램뻍뿉틔놻죏캪쫇평퇝뷸늩?뗄컈뚨뻹뫢ힴ첬뻶뚨뗄ꆣ헢튻뾴램틑뺭놻샽죧뗒퇇뿏퓚웤뷼훸훐뇭듯돶살쇋(Deacon,1997)ꆣ쿂쏦횻쳖싛뺭볃톧퓚뗚(3)샠쇬폲샯뿉쓜믱뗃뗄맣랺펦폃ꆣ쫗쿈쫇맾놴싪쮹(Habermas,1992)쳡돶뫍뒴솢뗄쯹캽ꆰ맣틥폯폃톧(universalpragmatics)ꆱꆣ퓚헢샯,쯻잿뗷폯퇔몬틥뗄죽훘뻶뚨싛:(1)폯퇔뛔뮰폯랢돶헟뗄틢틥,(2)폯퇔뛔뮰폯뷓쫜헟뗄틢틥,(3)폯퇔랢짺뗄뻟쳥뎡뫏쯹쳡릩뗄틢틥ꆣ떫쫇,헢샯듦퓚ퟅ뗄뺭볃톧컊쳢쫇:퓚뫎훖쳵볾쿂,살ퟔ헢죽룶랽쏦뗄맘폚춬튻폯듊믲뮰폯뗄ꆰ틢틥ꆱ쿠뮥ퟷ폃듯떽뻹뫢?컒퓸뺭퓚뿎쳃짏쇐뻙맽헢퇹튻룶폯듊틢틥퇝뇤뗄샽ퟓꆰ:킡뷣ꆱퟷ캪튻룶웕뇩쪹폃뗄훐컄폯듊,퓚냙쓪틔살뗄87
탍웚훐맺짧믡샯,웤몬틥랢짺쇋훘듳뗄퇝뇤,듳훂뺭샺쇋죧쿂뷗뛎:(1)틔ꆰ킡뷣ꆱ돆뫴듳볒맫탣,폫ꆰ짙튯ꆱꆰꆢ샏튯ꆱ뗈뒫춳돆뫴늢솢;(2)퓚컷랽뒫춳펰쿬쿂,틔ꆰ킡뷣ꆱ돆뫴튻쟐쓪쟡뗄얮쪿,폫ꆰ쿈짺ꆱꆰꆢ첫첫ꆱ뗈탂뎱돆뫴늢솢;(3)퓚룛첨즫쟩컄뮯랺샄뗄쪱웚,틔ꆰ킡뷣ꆱ돆뫴폫즫쟩럾컱폐맘믲짦쿓쳡릩샠쯆럾컱뗄얮쪿ꆣ퓚떱듺훐컄폯뺳샯,평폚헢죽훖몬틥춬쪱늢듦,맊ꆰ킡뷣ꆱ헢튻폯듊뗄몬틥훷튪평뻟쳥뎡뫏쳡릩뗄틢틥뻶뚨ꆣ퓚컒뾴살,헢샠폯퇔쿖쿳쫇탍웚짧믡샯쿠떱웕뇩뗄폯퇔쿖쿳ꆣ뺭볃럖컶뗄죎컱퓚폚랢쿖쓇킩펰쿬폯퇔몬틥뗄틲쯘(ퟷ폃솦)늢퓚쾡좱풴샭탔엤훃뗄쫓뷇쿂샭뷢뫍볬퇩쓜릻죃헢킩ퟷ폃솦쿠뮥횮볤듯떽뻹뫢뗄쳵볾ꆣ폫맾놴싪쮹뗄맛뗣늻춬,?듯쒬뛻죏캪뛔컄놾뗄몬틥뗄닻쫍쫇평닻쫍헟훷떼뗄ꆣ틲듋,샏쪦뗄뮰폯뛔톧짺뛸퇔뗄몬틥훷튪좡뻶폚톧짺뗄쳥퇩ꆢ샭뷢뫍쮼뾼랽쪽,뛸샏쪦뛔ퟔ벺뮰폯뗄닻쫍,죧맻뛀솢폚헢ꆰ뮰폯ꆱ살뾴,뿉틔죏캪쫇샏쪦뛔웤퓸뺭쮵맽뗄뮰폯뗄ꆰ퓙닻쫍ꆱ,폚쫇쫜떽샏쪦놾죋탂뗄쳥퇩ꆢ샭뷢뫍쮼뾼랽쪽뇤뮯뗄펰쿬ꆣ퓚헢퇹뗄쫓뷇쿂ꆰ,폯퇔ꆱ튻떩놻쮵돶살믲킴돶살,뻍믱뗃쇋뛀솢뗄짺쏼,뇤캪쯹캽ꆰ컄놾(text)ꆱ,컄놾뗄짺쏼평폚뺭샺쇋튻쟐뿉쓜닻쫍헟뗄샭뷢뫍닻쫍뛸뇤뗃럡뢻늢돉쫬웰살(Gadamer,1975)ꆣ뺭볃럖컶,폈웤쫇퓚늩?싛쫓뷇쿂뗄뺭볃럖컶,솢뿌뇣랢쿖ퟔ벺뗄폃춾퓚폚뿌뮮쟥돾헢튻닻쫍폫퓙닻쫍뗄폎쾷떱훐룷룶뷇즫뗄탐캪쒿뇪,닟싔뿕볤,횪쪶ꆢ좨샻뫍좨솦뗄뷡릹,듓뛸뺭볃톧쓜릻에뛏뫍횸돶쓇킩쪹뗃헢튻늩?듯떽뻹뫢뗄횪쪶ꆢ좨샻뫍좨솦뗄짧믡쳵볾(틲캪헢죽샠쳵볾쫇늩?헟뗄닟싔뿕볤뫍쒿뇪몯쫽뗄닎쫽)ꆣ퓚헢퇹뗄뺭볃럖컶뗄믹뒡짏,뺭볃톧쓜릻뷢쫍폯퇔뗄틢틥캪쪲쎴믡폐죧듋헢냣뗄퇝뇤ꆣ샽죧,ꆰ킡뷣ꆱ헢튻폯듊퓚뷰잮좨솦뫍뒿듢샻틦붻뮻햼훷떼뗄뎡뫏춨뎣뻟폐믲죝틗틽랢즫쟩럾컱뗄몬틥,뛸퓚쇭췢튻킩횪쪶뷡릹ꆢ좨샻뷡릹뫍좨솦뷡릹쿂,헢튻폯듊뻍늻뻟폐믲뫜쓑틽랢즫쟩럾컱뗄몬틥ꆣ룼볓맣틥뗘쳖싛짏쇐훮폯퇔뺭볃톧컊쳢뗄뿲볜쫇쯹캽ꆰ럻뫅붻췹뗄뺭볃톧ꆱ(췴뚡뚡,2001a)ꆣ헢튻뿲볜믹폚쿂쇐죴룉랽쏦뗄샭싛풴쇷:(1)쏗뗂뗄짧믡뮯룶탔짺돉샭싛(Mead,1934),헢쫇풴ퟔ탐캪뿆톧뫍짱뺭짺샭톧뗄짧믡붻췹샭싛폫짧믡탄샭톧ꆣ쏗뗂뗄쮼쿫뛔뫳살뗄[쿂쫶뗚(2)벰뗚(3)]훮짧믡샭싛톧엉닺짺쇋짮풶펰쿬;(2)맾놴싪쮹뗄짧믡붻췹샭싛(Haber2mas,1985,1987),헢쫇풴ퟔ뇧횤헜톧뫍램삼뿋뢣엺에샭싛뗄짧믡붻췹샭싛ꆣ평폚헢튻톧엉뗄얬솦,떱듺쮼쿫뒫춳훘탂죚죫쇋맅듺뇧횤램뺫짱,늢쟒퓚헢튻쮼쿫릲쪶뗄믹뒡짏,떱듺쏱ퟥ맺볒벰짧믡좺쳥횮볤뗄맘쾵뾪쪼듓ꆰ컄쏷뗄돥춻ꆱ쿲ퟅꆰ뛔뮰뗄싟룷쮹ꆱ믘맩;(3)늼슳쒬뗄럻뫅붻췹샭싛(Blumer,1986),헢쫇듓짧믡톧쓚늿랢햹돶살뗄튻룶톧엉,쯼잿뗷틔럻뫅뫍뛔럻뫅뗄샭뷢살샭뷢짧믡ꆣ평폚헢튻톧엉뗄얬솦,뷱쳬컒쏇돤럖틢쪶떽,캬돖죋샠뗄ꆰ짧믡탔ꆱ,늻뷶탨튪폐컯훊짺믮뗄믹뒡,뛸쟒탨튪폐틢틥폫볛횵뗄믹뒡;(4)뮥솪훷틥톧엉뗄죏횪뿆톧(Rumelhart,1996),헢튻톧엉퓚떱듺볆쯣믺샭싛뫍쓔짱뺭짺샭톧믹뒡짏쫔춼뛔쟇쒷쮹믹뗄ꆰ쿈쳬폯램ꆱ톧엉뫍볲풼훷틥뗄ꆰ탐캪폯퇔ꆱ톧엉볓틔ퟛ뫏ꆣ듓헢튻톧엉뗄릤ퟷ훐닺짺쇋떱듺폯퇔뇦쪶뫍죋릤훇쓜뗄웤쯻랽쏦뗄돉맻;(5)ꆰ뿽틲ꆪ쮹췐뛻ꆱ뗄폯뻤싟벭샭싛(Stoll,1963;Quine,1969,1992),헢솽캻뺭뗤ퟷ볒뗄릤ퟷ쪹뗃떱듺폯퇔럖컶쓜릻놻뇭쫶캪ꆰ폯뻤ꆱ싟벭퓋쯣ꆣ폯퇔뗄싟벭럖컶쫇틔뺲첬랽램뒦샭폯퇔탐캪뗄늻뿉믲좱뗄릤뻟ꆣ헽쫇믹폚뺲첬럖컶,늩?싛닅폐뿉쓜놻폃살럖컶폯퇔탐캪뗄뻹뫢ힴ첬;(6)ꆰ늨삼쓞ꆪ늨웕ꆪ맾튮뿋ꆱ뗄횪쪶뒫춳퇝뮯샭싛(Polanyi,1958;Popper,1972;Hayek,1988),평폚헢튻톧쫵뒫춳뗄듦퓚,죋쏇쿖퓚컞램뫶쫓횪쪶뒫춳뛔늩?닎폫헟뗄샭탔톡퓱뗄풭돵탔펰쿬,늢쟒쟣쿲폚퓚횪쪶뒫춳뗄믹뒡짏살훘탂샭뷢늩?싛;(7)?듯쒬뛻뗄뛠풪샺쪷탔뫍쫓뷧죚뫏샭싛(Gadamer,1975),쯻뗄헢킩쮼쿫룹놾탔뗘펰쿬쇋떱듺샺쪷맛ꆢ컄톧88
맛ꆢ짧믡붻췹샭싛뫍뒫춳퇝뮯샭싛ꆣꆰ럻뫅ꆱ,ퟮ퓧평짮닣탄샭럖컶톧볒죙룱뚨틥캪ꆰ틔횸뫅뇭듯뗄룃횸뫅쯹컞램냼몬뗄틢틥ꆱ(Jung,1960)ꆣ뫳살뗄톧헟쟣쿲폚냑ꆰ럻뫅ꆱ샭뷢캪튻ퟩ놻죏횪훷쳥샭뷢쇋뗄쫂컯횮볤뗄뢴퓓맘쾵뗄돩쿳뇭듯(샽죧,Deacon,1997:86-88),믲헟놻쾰뗃뗄ꆰ횪쪶ꆱꆪꆪꆪ뛔쫂컯횮볤쿠뮥솪쾵뗄죏횪놾짭뗄돩쿳뇭듯(Rumelhart,1996)ꆣ폐맘ꆰ뎤웚볇틤ꆱ뗄떱듺퇐뺿뇭쏷,돶폚뺭볃풭퓲,듳쓔퓚뛔쫂컯뷸탐뇠싫틔뇣듦죫뎤웚볇틤쪱ퟜ쫇솦춼폃ퟮ볲떥뗄뇠싫살볇틤(룅삨)뺡솿럡뢻뗄쓚죝(쫂컯뗄탔훊벰쯼쏇횮볤뗄맘쾵),틲듋,틔컄ퟖ랽쪽뇠싫볇듦뗄쓚죝뇈틔ꆰ럇컄ퟖꆱ(샽죧틔쫖쫆ꆢ춼탎,믲탡뻵뗈)랽쪽뇠싫뗄쓚죝폐ꆰ짮뿌뗃뛠ꆱ뗄닣듎(Schacter,1996)ꆣ쫂쪵짏,죏횪뿆톧뗄탭뛠뿎쳢뚼폫뺭볃톧폐쏜쟐솪쾵,랲쫇짦벰짱뺭쾸냻뫍럖ퟓ쮮욽뗄탅쾢뒫뗝탐캪,믹틲뗄짺듦놾쓜ퟜ쟣쿲폚럾듓뺭볃톧뗄쓜풴뫍펪퇸엤훃맦퓲ꆣꆰ럻뫅ꆱ폚쫇뿉틔샭뷢캪쫇듳쓔내헕ꆰ쮼캬뺭볃ꆱ풭퓲뛔죏횪뛔쿳횮볤뢴퓓맘쾵뗄룅삨ꆣ떫쫇ꆰ럻뫅ꆱ튻떩놻뒴퓬돶살,믲헟죧뗒퇇뿏쯹돆,럻뫅튻떩놻ꆰ랢쿖ꆱ,뻍뾪쪼뛔듳쓔놾짭뗄퇝뮯쪩볓펰쿬,춬쪱,럻뫅쳥쾵놾짭뗄뢴퓓탔폖쫜떽듳쓔뇠싫뫍샭뷢쓜솦퇝뮯뗄펰쿬(Dea2con,1997:헂3ꆢ4ꆢ11ꆢ12)ꆣ헢튻듳쓔폫럻뫅뗄릲짺퇝뮯뾴램,퓚뒫춳뗄짧믡톧럻뫅붻췹샭싛훐놻뇭듯캪:럻뫅볈쫇죋볊붻췹(interpersonalcommunication)뗄훐뷩,튲쫇훷쳥폫ퟔ짭붻췹(intrap2ersonalcommunication)뗄훐뷩ꆣ잰헟벴쏗뗂쯹싛뗄ꆰ컒ꆱ폫ꆰ쯻ꆱ횮볤뗄붻췹,뫳헟퓲쫇쏗뗂쯹싛뗄ꆰꋱꆱ(탐뚯뗄ꆰ컒ꆱ)폫ꆰMeꆱ(뺲맛뗄ꆰ컒ꆱ)횮볤뗄붻췹ꆣ헽쫇춨맽헢퇹뗄쮫훘붻췹믮뚯ꆰ,죋ꆱ뾪쪼탎돉ퟔ벺뗄ꆰ룶탔ꆱ(Mead,1912)ꆣ뛔폯퇔럻뫅탐캪폫뛹춯탄샭쫀뷧횮볤쿠뮥펰쿬뗄맛달,떼훂욤퇇뷜뒴솢쇋웤뺭뗤뗄ꆰ랢짺탄샭톧ꆱ(닎볻SingerandRevenson,1996;Piaget,Inhelder&Weaver,2000)ꆣ헢킩샭싛튲캪쿂뷚맘폚뛹춯폯퇔쾰뗃뗄뺭볃럖컶쳡릩쇋폯퇔톧뫍탄샭톧뗄튻늿럖룹뻝,쇭튻늿럖룹뻝퓲살ퟔ컒맘폚뷌폽헜톧뗄ퟛ쫶(췴뚡뚡,2001b)뫍컒뗄맘폚죏쪶뿆톧폫쓔짱뺭짺샭톧뗄ퟛ쫶(췴뚡뚡,2000)ꆣ죽ꆢ폯퇔쾰뗃뗄뺭볃톧럖컶퓚헢튻뷚샯,ퟷ캪폯퇔뺭볃톧뗄샽ퟓ,컒룸돶뛹춯폯퇔쾰뗃뗄튻룶뺭볃럖컶뿲볜ꆣ죧짏뷚쯹쫶,헢튻럖컶뿲볜뗄샭싛룹뻝살ퟔ뷌폽헜톧ꆢ죏횪뿆톧ꆢ쓔짱뺭짺샭톧뫍랢짺탄샭톧뗄떱듺퇐뺿돉맻ꆣ떱좻,헢튻럖컶뿲볜뗄뻟쳥붨릹믹폚컒룶죋뗄맛달폫쮼뾼ꆣ컒뛔뛹춯폯퇔쾰뗃맽돌뗄맛달폫쮼뾼뿉틔볲튪룅삨캪쿂쇐벸뗣:(1)뛹춯톧쾰폯퇔뗄훷튪쒿뗄쫇펦뢶뛹춯죕뎣짺믮훐랢짺뗄룷훖삧쓑,헢킩삧쓑퓚뛹춯뾴살ퟜ쫇퇏쯠뗄ꆢ훘듳뗄,폐쪱쯆뫵쫇늻뿉뿋럾틔훂쇮죋룐떽뻸췻뗄ꆣ튲틲듋,퓚싾뎤뗄퇝뮯맽돌훐,죋샠뗄뛹춯뇘뚨믽샛쇋ퟣ릻뗄뮷뺳쫊펦쓜솦ꆣ헢틢캶ퟅ,폯퇔폫뛹춯듳쓔뗄쓜솦횮볤듦퓚ퟣ릻뗄쿠뮥쫊펦,쪹뗃뛹춯뿉틔ퟣ릻폐킧뗘뇭듯ퟔ벺뫍샻폃풴쟳뗃짺듦ꆣ(2)뛔뛹춯살쮵,쎿룶폯듊뚼뿉틔돊쿖돶쯄룶랽쏦뗄삧쓑,내헕삧쓑돶쿖뗄쮳탲,쯼쏇틀듎쫇:(볗)쒣럂폯듊랢틴뗄삧쓑돌뛈,샽죧,살ퟔ룷폯퇔쳥쾵뗄퇐뺿뇭쏷,쒣럂뫍볇틤ꆰ떥틴뷚ꆱ폯듊튪뇈ꆰ쮫틴뷚ꆱ폯듊죝틗뗃뛠ꆣ(틒)샭뷢듊틥뗄삧쓑돌뛈,샽죧,뛔ꆰ탒뢣ꆱꆰꆢ틢틥ꆱꆰꆢ짏뗛ꆱ헢샠돩쿳쏻듊뗄몬틥뗄샭뷢뻍뇈뛔샽죧ꆰ싨싨ꆱꆢꆰ돔ꆱꆰꆢ룸ꆱ헢샠폫룐맙횱뷓솪쾵ퟅ뗄뻟쿳쏻듊뗄몬틥뗄샭뷢삧쓑뗃뛠ꆣ(뇻)헆컕폯듊뗄쫊폃뎡뫏뗄삧쓑돌뛈,샽죧,탭뛠폯듊쫇춬틴뛠틥뗄,벴뇣쫇춬틴떥틥뗄폯듊,죋쏇뛔웤몬틥뗄샭뷢89
튲늻뺡쿠춬ꆣ헢킩쟩뿶쪹뗃뛹춯퓚쪹폃폯듊쪱뺭뎣룐떽삧믳,틲캪쯻쏇쮵뗄뮰뇰죋쓑틔샭뷢,듓뛸쓑틔냯훺쯻쏇뷢뻶뷴벱뗄죕뎣짺믮컊쳢ꆣ뛹춯뇘좻뺭샺맽ퟣ릻뛠뢴퓓뎡뫏뗄죋볊붻췹,닅뿉쓜샭뷢퓚룷훖뎡뫏쿂춬틴뗄폯듊쯹틢캶ퟅ뗄늻춬몬틥ꆣ뛔쳘뚨폯듊뗄쫊폃뎡뫏뗄샭뷢뮹짦벰폯램맦퓲,샽죧몺폯컄퇔탩듊,뿉쓜횻폐튻룶틴뷚,웤폯램몬틥좴뫜쓑헆컕ꆣ(뚡)뎤웚볇틤뛔폯듊뷸탐뇠싫뗄삧쓑돌뛈,헢쫇횸듳쓔욤닣뗄짱뺭췸싧퓚붨솢뛔쳘뚨폯듊뗄뎤웚볇틤뇠싫(내헕ꆰ좨훘ꆱ퓚룷짱뺭풪횮볤엤훃펪퇸뫍쓜풴)쪱쯹탨튪뗄살ퟔ췢뷧뗄ꆰ듌벤ꆱ뗄잿뛈뫍욵싊ꆣ튻냣뛸퇔,뛹춯퓚죕뎣짺믮훐쪹폃튻룶폯듊풽욵랱,샽죧뛹춯ퟔ벺뗄ꆰ쏻ퟖꆱ,퓚춬뗈듌벤잿뛈쿂,뛹춯뗄듳쓔뛔룃폯듊뗄볇틤뻍풽쟥컺ꆣ(3)듦퓚ퟅꆰ쿈쳬뗄ꆱ뛹춯쓜솦닮틬,폐킩뛹춯ꆰ쿈쳬ꆱ뻍뇈쇭튻킩뛹춯퓚죎뫎랽쏦뚼뻟폐룼잿뗄샭뷢뫍톧쾰쓜솦ꆣ뻍폯퇔쾰뗃뛸퇔,춳볆뇭쏷뛹춯뾪쪼랢틴쮵뮰뗄쓪쇤ퟮ퓧캪6룶퓂,ퟮ동뗄헽뎣쓪쇤캪18룶퓂ꆣ떫쫇,퇏룱뗘뷧뚨ꆰ쿈쳬ꆱ틲쯘벸뫵쫇늻뿉쓜뗄,컒쓾풸폃ꆰ슷뺶틀삵풭샭ꆱ살뷢쫍ꆰ쿈쳬ꆱ룅쓮(볻쿂컄)ꆣ폚쫇,뛹춯퓚듋튻쪱뿌쾰뗃쳘뚨횪쪶뗄쓜솦틀삵폚듋쪱뿌횮잰좫늿쪱뛎샯틑뺭쾰뗃뗄횪쪶뗄뷡릹뫍짮뛈ꆣ(4)뛹춯쾰뗃횪쪶뗄훷뚯탔틀삵폚ꆰ돉놾ꆪ킧틦ꆱ좨뫢,뛸헢튻좨뫢퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏틀삵폚헕맋뛹춯뗄쓇룶뻟쳥뗄짧믡뮷뺳(쒸쟗ꆢ볒춥ꆢ톧킣ꆢ짧쟸ꆢ컄뮯뒫춳)뛔뛹춯뗄샭뷢뫍맘낮,틔벰헢킩샭뷢폫맘낮퓚뛠듳돌뛈짏쳡릩쇋쳘뚨뛹춯쾰뗃쳘뚨듊폯ꆰ벤샸ꆱꆣ헢샯폐늻뿉뫶쫓뗄ꆰ짧믡좨솦뷡릹ꆱ뗄펰쿬ꆣ샽죧,쒸쟗뛔뛹춯뗄죕뎣헕맋췹췹쪹뗃쒸쟗뛔뛹춯뻟폐ꆰퟮ룟좨솦ꆱ,듓뛸뛔쒸쟗뛸퇔ퟮ훘튪뗄폯듊췹췹튲돉캪뛔뛹춯뛸퇔ퟮ훘튪뗄폯듊ꆣ샠쯆뗘,컒쏇뿉틔샭뷢캪쪲쎴ꆰ쓌싨ꆱ뗄뿚폯랽쪽뿉틔벫듳뗘펰쿬몢ퟓ뗄뿚폯랽쪽ꆣ(5)뛹춯쾰뗃폯퇔뗄쯙뛈뫍짮뛈틀삵폚뛹춯쓜릻믱뗃뗄짺샭폫탄샭풴ꆣ잰헟냼삨펪퇸ퟜ솿벰뷡릹,뫳헟퓲훷튪횸듳쓔욤닣ꆪꆪꆪ퓚샽죧2쯪틔잰,볙짨펪퇸돤ퟣꆪꆪꆪ평죋샠믹틲뇠싫뻶뚨,퓚듋웚볤짺뎤돶살뗄쫽솿벫듳뗄ꆰ컞뷡릹ꆱ짱뺭풪,쫇럱폐ퟣ릻뗄쪱볤살쾰뗃폯퇔,탎돉ꆰ뷡릹ꆱꆣ췪좫욣폚펦뢶죕뎣짺믮뗄뷴벱컊쳢뿉쓜냾뛡듳쓔톧쾰폯퇔뗄쪱볤,쪹풭놾뿉틔폃폚폯퇔쾰뗃뗄ꆰ컞뷡릹ꆱ짱뺭풪듳솿뮯캪폃폚펦뢶뚯컯탔짺듦컊쳢뗄ꆰ뷡릹ꆱꆣ풭퓲짏,쪹폃쪵퇩탄샭톧뫍쪵횤짧믡톧춨뎣뗄뗷닩랽램,짏쏦뗚(2)쳵쇐뻙뗄쯄훖삧쓑뿉틔놻뚨솿뇭듯캪튻룶맘폚쳘뚨뛹춯쾰뗃룷룶폯듊뗄삧쓑돌뛈뗄ꆰ쯄캬뿕볤ꆱ,헢튻뿕볤뗄헽쿳쿞뗄쯄룶캬뛈럖뇰뇪쪾ퟅ쯄훖삧쓑룷ퟔ뗄ꆰ쓑뛈ꆱꆣ헢퇹,뺭볃톧횱뻵룦쯟컒쏇,룸뚨쯹폐웤쯻쳵볾,뛹춯붫쫗쿈쾰뗃퓚헢튻ꆰ쓑뛈뿕볤ꆱ샯뻠샫풭뗣ퟮ뷼뗄쓇킩폯듊ꆣ떱좻,샭싛뗄죎컱쫇뷧뚨ꆰ쯹폐웤쯻쳵볾ꆱ뗄펰쿬벰웤잿뛈뗄랶캧,듓뛸횸떼뛔헢킩틲쯘뗄뷸튻늽뗄뺭퇩뷧뚨ꆣ샭싛뗄쇭튻룶죎컱쫇에뛏늢횤쏷듦퓚ퟅퟮ폅뗄ꆰ톧쾰슷뺶ꆱ,쪹뗃뛹춯틔ퟮ킡얬솦듯떽ꆰ쓑뛈뿕볤ꆱ샯뛔펦폚ퟮ듳킧폃쮮욽뗄폯듊랶캧ꆣ샭싛뗄헢솽룶죎컱,잰헟쫴폚ꆰ뺲첬럖컶ꆱ뗄랶돫,뫳헟쫴폚ꆰ뚯첬럖컶ꆱ뗄랶돫,뺡맜쯼쏇뚼쫴폚ꆰ뻖늿뻹뫢럖컶ꆱꆣ짏쏦쯹뚨틥뗄ꆰ쓑뛈뿕볤ꆱ횻쫇ꆰ풭퓲짏ꆱ뗄뚨틥ꆣ퓚쿖쪵훐,쫗쿈,평폚듦퓚폯듊쾰뗃뗄ꆰ슷뺶틀삵ꆱ,쳘뚨폯듊뗄ꆰ쓑뛈ꆱ틀삵폚뛹춯틑뺭쾰뗃뗄폯듊뗄쫽솿폫뷡릹ꆣ쯹틔퓚뚨틥ꆰ쓑뛈뿕볤ꆱ횮잰,뇘탫쿈뚨틥튻룶쿠떱폚횥볓룧톧엉ꆰ쿻럑ꆪ짺닺ꆱ쒣탍샯쏦뗄볒춥짺닺몯쫽뗄ꆰ톧쾰몯쫽ꆱꆣ헢튻몯쫽뗄춶죫솿냼삨:(1)뛹춯캪쾰뗃룷룶폯듊쯹횧뢶뗄탄샭얬솦뗄돌뛈,틔ꆰ쪱볤ꆱ살뛈솿;(2)뛹춯캪쾰뗃룷룶폯듊쯹횧뢶뗄짺샭얬솦뗄돌뛈,틔ꆰ펪퇸뫄럑ꆱ살뛈솿;(3)뛹춯틑뺭쾰뗃뗄폯듊,쿠떱폚횥볓룧톧엉쯹싛뗄ꆰ죋솦놾ꆱ,늻맽,헢샯틑뺭쾰뗃뗄폯듊쫇튻룶ꆰ폯듊뷡릹ꆱ(벴튻룶ꆰ쿲솿ꆱ),늻쫇볲떥뗄죋솦놾벯뷡뗄ꆰ뇪솿ꆱꆣ죧컒퓸싛횤맽뗄(췴뚡뚡,1997),퓚횪쪶뗄쓚늿,ퟜ듦퓚튻훖ꆰ뮥늹ꆱ맘쾵,벴냑컕쇋웤훐튻늿럖횪쪶뇣뿉틔룼죝틗뗘냑컕90
웤훐쇭튻늿럖횪쪶ꆣ뛹춯뗄톧쾰맽돌폈웤죧듋,쯹캽ꆰ뻙튻랴죽ꆱ뫍ꆰ뒥샠엔춨ꆱꆣ횪쪶뗄뮥늹탔틢캶ퟅ퓚짏쫶톧쾰몯쫽뗄룷춶죫솿뗄ꆰ닺돶킧싊ꆱ틀삵폚틑뺭쾰뗃뗄폯듊벰웤뷡릹ꆣ헢뻍쫇맘폚횪쪶믽샛뗄쯹캽ꆰ슷뺶틀삵풭샭ꆱꆣ평폚ꆰ톧쾰몯쫽ꆱ뗄춶죫쫇춬쪱쾰뗃뛠룶폯듊뗄ꆰ솪뫏춶죫ꆱ(헢쫇폯퇔톧쾰뗄쳘헷),쯹틔쯼뗄닺돶쫇ꆰ솪뫏닺돶ꆱ,벴ꆰ폯듊뷡릹ꆱ,뛸늻쫇떥튻폯듊ꆣ죧뗒퇇뿏쯹싛횤뗄쓇퇹,늻뷶죋샠,뛸쟒웤쯻뚯컯뗄폯퇔쾰뗃,뚼뇘탫쫇춬쪱쾰뗃(믲랢쿖)평ꆰ튻쳗맘쾵ꆱ솪쾵ퟅ뗄튻ퟩ럻뫅,뛸늻쓜쫇횻쾰뗃쿠뮥맘솪ퟅ뗄럻뫅떱훐뗄튻룶,헢쫇ꆰ럻뫅ꆱ횮췪좫늻춬폚ꆰ횸뫅ꆱ횮놾훊쳘헷(Dea2con,1997:헂3)ꆣ폯퇔뗄헢튻쳘헷쪹뗃쾰뗃폯퇔뗄맽돌돉캪ꆰ늻뿉쟐룮ꆱ뗄,벴,폯퇔쾰뗃뗄닺돶솿횻쓜쟐룮캪늻춬뗄ꆰ벯뫏ꆱ,뛸늻쓜쟐룮캪늻춬뗄ꆰ떥룶폯듊ꆱꆣ틲듋,뺭볃톧춨뎣쪹폃뗄ꆰ뇟볊ꆱ럖컶,늻쫊폃폚폯퇔쾰뗃ꆣ맘폚폯듊쓑뛈,펦떱횸돶뗄쇭튻룶튪뗣쫇:룸뚨ꆰ죋솦놾ꆱ뗄듦솿,듓뛸룸뚨쇋ꆰ쓑뛈뿕볤ꆱ,죋샠폯퇔폫죋샠듳쓔뗄릲짺퇝뮯쪹뗃폯듊퓚쓑뛈뿕볤샯뗄업쇐ꆪꆪꆪ듓풭뗣쿲췢삩즢,돊쿖돶평볲죫랱뫍평틗떽쓑뗄쳘뗣ꆣ샽죧,폫뛹춯뗄죕뎣짺믮랢짺쏜쟐맘쾵뗄폯듊벸뫵뚼쫇ꆰ떥틴뷚ꆱ폯듊,벴뇣ꆰ싨싨ꆱ헢퇹뗄ꆰ쮫틴뷚ꆱ폯듊튻뾪쪼튲췹췹쫇틔ꆰ싨ꆱ살뇭듯뗄ꆣ폖샽죧,퓚샭뷢뗄삧쓑돌뛈랽쏦ꆰ,럎퇗ꆱ헢퇹뗄폯듊폫ꆰ쮮ꆱ쿠뇈ퟜ쫇뒦폚뻠샫풭뗣룼풶뗄뗘랽ꆣ폯퇔뗄헢튻쳘헷볈랴펳돶짺믮쫀뷧평잳죫짮평볲죫랱뗄쳘헷,튲랴펳돶뛹춯퓚웤짺믮쫀뷧샯쯹듯떽뗄킧폃쮮욽쯦뛹춯쾰뗃폯퇔뗄맣랺뫍짮죫뛸늻뛏짏짽뗄쳘헷ꆣ짏쏦룸돶뗄횱맛럖컶떼훂죧쿂뗄볙짨:11짨좫늿폯듊뗄벯뫏W,짨W뗄좫늿ퟓ벯뗄벯뫏F,짨룸뚨쪱웚쓚ퟜ뗄쪱볤풴T,ퟜ뗄짺샭풴M,21ΠY,ZꇊF,듦퓚맘쾵ꛕ:(Z,TZ,Y,MZ,Y)ꇺY,TZ,YꇜT,MZ,YꇜM,31짨뿕볤XꇔFꇁTꇁM,듦퓚X짏뗄냫탲맘쾵;쪹뗃(Z,TZ,Y,MZ,Y);(Z,TZ,Y,MZ,Y)Ζ{ZΑZ}ꇄ{TZ,YꇝTZ,Y}ꇄ{MZ,YꇝMZ,Y,41짨X뗄좫늿ퟓ벯뗄벯뫏H,듦퓚톡퓱쯣ퟓꛌ:HꇺH,ΠhꇊH,ꛌ(h)={xꇊh|Πxꇊh,x;x]x=x,맊ꛌ톡퓱ퟓ벯h뗄좫늿ꆰ벫듳풪ꆱ,51룸뚨Z0ꇊF,룸뚨탄샭폫탄샭풴쪱볤탲쇐ꇞ(Tn,Mn)n=1,듦퓚X쓚뗄뗣쇐x1,x2,ꆭ,xn,ꆭ싺ퟣ:xnꇊꛌ(hn),(Zn,TZ,Z,MZ,Z)=xn,n-1nn-1nZn=ꛕ(Zn-1,TZ),Z,MZ,Z,Zn-1ΑZn,TZ,ZꇜTn,MZ,ZꇜMn,n-1nn-1nn-1nn-1nhn={xꇊX|ϖZꇊF,ϖTZ,ZꇜTn,ϖMZ,ZꇜMn,ꛕ(Zn-1,TZ,Z,MZ,Z)=Z,n-1n-1n-1n-1n=1,2,ꆭꆭ,돆쎿튻룶헢퇹뗄뗣쇐캪ꆰ폐킧톧쾰탲쇐ꆱꆣ퓚짏쇐볙짨훐,뛔펦폚횥볓룧톧엉ꆰ쿻럑ꆪ짺닺ꆱ톡퓱쒣탍뗄짺닺몯쫽뗄,쫇볙짨2ꆣ뛸뛹춯탐캪뗄ꆰ샭탔뮯ꆱ평볙짨3ꆢ4ꆢ5쏨쫶ꆣ힢틢,룸뚨F뗄죎튻뗣Z,듦퓚튻룶평떥뗣벯ퟥ{{w}ꇊF|wꇊW}폫맘쾵ꛕ:(Z,TZ,w,MZ,w)ꇺ{w}뷧뚨뗄ꆰ쓑뛈뿕볤ꆱ,틲듋,볙짨2쯹뚨틥뗄뾼싇쇋ꆰ슷뺶틀삵ꆱ뗄톧쾰맘쾵쫇뛔짏쫶ꆰ쓑뛈뿕볤ꆱ룅쓮뗄삩햹ꆣ평볙짨1쯹룅삨뗄,쫇짧믡컄뮯랽쏦뗄닎쫽ꆣ샽죧폯듊벯뫏W,쳘뚨쪱웚뗄탄샭폫짺샭풴T뫍Mꆣ퓚뚯첬맽돌훐,짧믡컄뮯닎쫽뮹평탲쇐ꇞ(Tn,Mn)n=1벰돵쪼폯듊뗄벯뫏Z쏨쫶ꆣ퓚붨솢폯퇔쾰뗃쒣탍쪱뿉쓜폶떽뗄쇭튻샠쿖쪵삧쓑쫇,닢뚨헟뫜쓑냑펰쿬톧쾰뗄ꆰ짧믡컄91
뮯닎쫽ꆱ폫폯듊놾짭뗄쓑뛈쟸럖뾪살ꆣ샽죧,쒸쟗뛔뛹춯뗄훚쯹훜횪뗄펰쿬믡쪹뷸죫퇹놾뿕볤뗄늻춬뗄ꆰ쒸쟗ꆪ뛹춯ꆱ맘쾵뛔쳘뚨폯듊뗄쾰뗃삧쓑뗄닢뚨닺짺뷏듳뗄컳닮ꆣ틲듋,튻훖룼볓쳹쟐뗄뚨솿럖컶랽램쫇내헕퇹놾춳볆붨솢쎿룶쳘뚨폯듊뗄쳘뚨쓑뛈뗄ꆰ럖늼쏜뛈ꆱꆣ헢퇹,뛔쳘뚨뗄ꆰ쒸쟗ꆪ뛹춯ꆱ맘쾵뛸퇔,퓚쓑뛈럖늼샯ퟜ듦퓚튻룶ꆰ뗣ꆱ뇪쪾돶룃뛹춯쾰뗃룃폯듊뗄룃훖삧쓑뗄돌뛈폫퇹놾춳볆뗄ꆰ욽뻹삧쓑돌뛈ꆱ횮볤뗄닮틬,샽죧,틔ꆰ뇪ힼ닮ꆱ살뛈솿ꆣ헢퇹,붨쒣헟뿉틔폃ꆰ뇪ힼ닮ꆱ좡듺짏쫶뗄ꆰ쓑뛈뿕볤ꆱ샯쏦뛔삧쓑돌뛈뗄ꆰ좷뚨탔ꆱ뛈솿ꆣ쪹폃샠쯆랽램,떫탨튪틽뷸룷훖늻춬짧믡맘쾵내좨훘쿠볓횮뫳뗄뇪ힼ닮룅쓮,퓲늻뷶ꆰ쒸쟗ꆪ뛹춯ꆱ맘쾵퓬돉뗄닮틬탔,뛸쟒ꆰ볒춥ꆪ뛹춯ꆱꆰꆢ톧킣ꆪ뛹춯ꆱꆰꆢ짧쟸ꆪ뛹춯ꆱꆰꆢ컄뮯ꆪ뛹춯ꆱ뗈뗈맘쾵떼훂뗄ꆰ쓑뛈ꆱ닮틬탔,뚼뿉틔퓚돤럖뗄뺭퇩퇐뺿뗄믹뒡짏놻쓉죫짏쫶뗄쯄캬ꆰ쓑뛈뿕볤ꆱꆣ퓚짏쏦뗄볙짨쿂,뺲첬뗄뻹뫢ힴ첬쫇헢퇹쪵쿖뗄:룸뚨틑뺭쾰뗃뗄횪쪶뷡릹Z,탄샭뫍짺샭풴T뫍M,평듋뻶뚨뗄얬솦돌뛈뻍쿞뚨쇋뛹춯퓚ꆰ쓑뛈뿕볤ꆱ샯뿉쓜듯떽뗄뇟뷧,헢튻뇟뷧뚨틥쇋뛹춯뗄ꆰ톡퓱벯ꆱꆣ뛹춯듓ꆰ톡퓱벯ꆱ샯톡퓱쓇킩믹폚돵쪼횪쪶뷡릹Zퟮ죝틗쾰뗃뗄폯듊,쫔춼틔헢킩폯듊살뇭듯ퟔ벺,펦뢶죕뎣짺믮뗄탨튪ꆣ떱헢킩폯듊늻ퟣ틔펦뢶뛹춯죋볊붻췹뗄탨튪뫍뷢뻶죕뎣컊쳢쪱,뛹춯뇣뾪쪼톧쾰쓇킩퓚틑폐횪쪶뷡릹뗄믹뒡짏룼쓑틔쾰뗃뗄폯듊ꆣ볙짨3뿌뮮쇋헢튻톡퓱맽돌,쯼틢캶ퟅ,퓚폃폚펦뢶춬퇹뗄죕뎣짺믮컊쳢뗄잰쳡쿂,뛹춯톡퓱쓇킩탨튪ퟮ킡얬솦돌뛈좥쾰뗃뗄폯듊벯뫏ꆣ헢춬쪱튲틢캶ퟅ,퓚뇘탫뢶돶춬퇹얬솦뗄잰쳡쿂,뛹춯톡퓱쓇킩평돵쪼횪쪶Z뻶뚨뗄ퟮ듳폯듊벯뫏좥쾰뗃ꆣ틲듋폯퇔쾰뗃뗄뺲첬뻹뫢펦떱퓚볙짨4쯹뿌뮮뗄쒳룶ꆰ벫듳풪ꆱ짏쪵쿖ꆣ평폚쎻폐ꆰ뇟볊ꆱ솿,튲쎻폐춹탔뫍솬탸탔볙짨,헢샯쯹쮵뗄뺲첬뻹뫢췹췹쫇ꆰ뛠뻹뫢ꆱꆣ튲헽틲캪폐뛠뻹뫢뗄뿉쓜탔,뛹춯닅믡뇭쿖돶퓚탭뛠늻춬랽쿲짏랢햹뗄잱솦ꆣ헢틽떼돶ꆰ뚯첬뻹뫢ꆱ룅쓮,쯼평볙짨5쏨쫶:퇘ퟅ죎튻ꆰ폐킧톧쾰탲쇐ꆱ,뛹춯퓚쎿튻쪱뿌뚼쪵쿖쇋ꆰ뺲첬뻹뫢ꆱꆣ평폚폯퇔퓚죋샠훇솦돉뎤훐뗄뫋탄ퟷ폃,퓚짏쫶뛹춯폯퇔쾰뗃뗄럖컶믹뒡짏,컒쏇뿉틔뎢쫔쳖싛뛹춯훇솦돉뎤뗄벸훖샠탍(쿂쏦뗄ꆰ쿈쳬ꆱ뻍뗈볛폚ꆰ슷뺶틀삵ꆱ):11ꆰ쿈쳬늻ퟣꆱꆣ헢튻샠탍폖럖캪:(볗)ꆰ쿈쳬펪퇸늻ퟣꆱ,평듋떼훂탲쇐M1,M2,ꆭ뛔뛹춯짺샭쓜솦뗄쿞훆첫듳,듓뛸뛹춯쟣쿲폚톡퓱룼볓쓜릻랢믓뚯컯탔뗄믱좡펪퇸뗄놾쓜뗄폯듊ꆢ죋볊붻췹랽쪽,틔벰퓚듋믹뒡짏뗄쫀뷧맛뫍쮼캬랽쪽ꆣ죧맻웤쯻틲쯘늻뇤,쓇쎴헢튻샠탍뗄뛹춯퓚돉쓪횮뫳붫쟣쿲폚퓚죕뎣짺믮랽쏦맽럖뗘ꆰ뺫듲쾸쯣ꆱꆣ떱좻,헢튻풤닢뗄잰쳡ꆪꆪꆪꆰ웤쯻틲쯘늻뇤ꆱ,쫇럇뎣늻쿖쪵뗄ꆣ(틒)ꆰ쿈쳬쪱볤늻ퟣꆱ,헢쫇뗤탍뗄쒣탍폯퇔ꆪꆪꆪ퓚짏쏦뗄볙짨쒣탍횮쓚쳖싛컊쳢ꆣ쿈쳬탔뗄ꆰ쪱볤늻ퟣꆱ뿉틔쫇볒춥뻀럗쯹훂,뿉틔쫇욶삧쯹훂,튲뿉틔쫇쿈쳬탔벲늡쯹훂ꆣ헢훖쿈쳬늻ퟣ쟣쿲폚쪹뛹춯톡퓱쓇킩ퟮ뷚쪡쪱볤뗄폯듊좥쾰뗃,샽죧폫룐맙뫍짭쳥뚯ퟷ횱뷓쿠맘뗄떥틴뷚폯듊,짵훁톡퓱ꆰ럇폯퇔ꆱ뗄뇭듯랽쪽,샽죧퇛짱ꆢ쫖쫆ꆢ쏦늿뇭쟩뗈뗈ꆣ헢퇹뗄뛹춯,퓚ꆰ웤쯻틲쯘늻뇤ꆱ뗄볙짨쿂,죝틗랢짺ꆰퟔ뇕횢ꆱꆰꆢ쫜웈몦뿱ꆱꆰꆢ폇폴횢ꆱꆰꆢퟔ듳뿱ꆱ뗈폯퇔뫍죋볊붻췹랽쏦뗄좱쿝ꆣ(뇻)ꆰ쿈쳬폯믣늻ퟣꆱ,쿔좻,헢튻쟩뿶뛔펦폚볙짨5뗄Z0ꆣ헢튻쟩뿶뗄벫뛋,쫇죧ꆰ샇몢ꆱ쓇퇹퓚췪좫쎻폐죋볊붻췹뮷뺳샯돉뎤뗄뛹춯,쯻쏇뗄폯퇔쓜솦벸뫵쎻폐죎뫎랢햹,틲캪,폃짏쫶쒣탍뗄폯퇔뇭쫶:떱볙짨1뗄폯듊벯뫏W쫇뿕벯쪱,뛹춯쿔좻늻뿉쓜톡퓱ꆰ럇뿕ꆱ뗄폯듊벯뫏ꆣ쫂쪵짏탄샭튽짺폃틔튽훎ꆰퟔ뇕횢ꆱ뛹춯뗄훷튪랽램뻍쫇죃쒸쟗늻뛏뗘뛔뮼헟쮵뮰ꆣ듋췢,떱듺뷌폽샭싛틑뺭좷죏ꆰ첥뷌ꆱ쫇뿉틔퓶잿뛹춯폯퇔쓜솦뗄뷌폽랽램ꆣ21ꆰ쿈쳬맽쪣ꆱ,헢쫇폫짏쇐룷훖쟩뿶쿠랴뗄쟩뿶ꆣ쯹캽ꆰ맽쪣ꆱ,쫇횸쿠뛔폚ꆰ헽뎣ꆱ뛸퇔뗄92
맽쪣,틲듋튲쫇튻샠ꆰ럇헽뎣ꆱ쿖쿳ꆣ늻맽,죧컒퓚쇭튻욪싛컄훐잿뗷뗄,룶탔뮯뷌폽뗄쒿뗄헽쫇튪랢믓룷훖ꆰ럇헽뎣ꆱ탔훊뗄뒴퓬쓜솦(췴뚡뚡,2001b)ꆣ횵뗃횸돶뗄쫇,쯤좻ꆰ맽쪣ꆱ쫇ꆰ늻ퟣꆱ뗄쿠랴샠탍,떫튪뛔ꆰ맽쪣ꆱ퓬돉뗄뿉쓜뗄뎤웚뫳맻뷸탐풤닢벸뫵쫇늻뿉쓜뗄ꆣ샭평퓚폚:죎뫎풼쫸튻떩쪧좥풼쫸솦솿,뻍늻퓙뛔뛹춯랢폽뫍돉뎤랢짺쿔훸펰쿬ꆣ쯹틔컒쏇뫜쓑풤닢ꆰ뿕웸맽쪣ꆱ뛔컒쏇뗄펰쿬,떫쫇컒쏇뫜죝틗풤닢ꆰ뿕웸쾡좱ꆱ뛔컒쏇뗄훂쏼펰쿬ꆣ맘폚ꆰ쿈쳬맽쪣ꆱ뺭볃톧쓜릻룸돶뗄캩튻에뛏믲탭쫇,헢킩맽쪣뗄풴뿉틔퓚죎뫎랽쿲짏폫뫳쳬틲쯘뷡뫏,펰쿬뛹춯랢햹뗄슷뺶ꆣ샽죧,늻쓑쿫쿳튻룶틲펪퇸맽쪣뛸맽럖럊엖뗄몢ퟓ,퓚쳘뚨볒춥뫍짧믡샯뿉쓜폶떽뗄쟩뿶,틔벰헢킩뿉쓜쟩뿶듸살뗄뿉쓜뫳맻ꆣ31룷훖ꆰ쿈쳬헽뎣ꆱ뗄쟩뿶ꆣ헢쪱뫲,뛔뛹춯랢폽뫍돉뎤폐훘튪펰쿬뗄뮷뺳틲쯘샽죧컄뮯,볒춥,짧쟸,톧킣뗈뗈,뇣뾪쪼랢믓ꆰ헽뎣ꆱ뗄ퟷ폃,룷훖뿆톧폫춳볆맦싉튲뻟폐쇋뛹춯뷌폽뗄횸떼틢틥ꆣ샽죧쒿잰룷맺췆탐뗄ꆰ킡냠뮯ꆱ룄룯(small2classreform),쒿뗄퓚폚죃톧잰뛹춯뫍킡톧톧짺쿭폐룼뛠뗄샏쪦풴,퓚ꆰ폯믣ꆱ랽쏦뒴퓬룼뫃뗄쾰뗃뮷뺳ꆣ폖샽죧맾런듳톧뷌폽톧볒?뗂쓉(HowardGardner)뗄ꆰ뛠훇쓜(multiple2inetelligences)ꆱ뷌폽샭싛,쯹잿뗷뗄쫇룹뻝쎿룶뛹춯뗄룶탔,쪩탐쿠펦뗄뷌폽,솦춼ퟮ듳쿞뛈뗘뾪랢쳘뚨뛹춯뗄ꆰ쿠뛔뇈뷏폅쫆ꆱ(Gardner,1983,1991,1993,1999,2000)ꆣ틔짏쏦뗄쒣탍폯퇔뇭쫶,벴돤럖훘쫓쳘뚨뛹춯퓚룸뚨뗄돵쪼벯뫏Z쿂뇭쿖돶살뗄폐쳘쫢폅쫆뗄ꆰ폐킧톧쾰탲쇐ꆱꇞ{xn}n=1ꆣ쯄ꆢ뷡ꆡ폯폯퇔뺭볃톧쫇튻쏅럇뎣쓪쟡뗄뺭볃톧럖횧,쯼뗄웰쫇뺭볃톧ퟷ캪샭탔톡퓱샭싛쿲ퟅퟛ뫏뗄뫍뻟폐잿쇒죋컄틢쪶뗄맅뗤톧쫵뒫춳믘맩뗄뷡맻횮튻ꆣ뛔폯퇔뗄뺭볃톧퇐뺿탋좤쯤좻쪼ퟔ쏱ퟥ맺볒뗄쿖쪵헾닟뮷뺳,떫헢튻퇐뺿탋좤벸뫵솢뿌믣죫쇋뛔폯퇔ퟷ캪짧믡붻췹쫖뛎뫍횪쪶퓘쳥뗄퇐뺿탋좤뗄훷쇷떱훐ꆣ퓚헢욪싛컄샯,컒쫔춼ퟶ뗄,쫇뺡솿맣랺뗘틽쫶럇뺭볃톧쇬폲샯맘폚폯퇔쿖쿳뫍폯퇔쾰뗃뗄톧엉ꆢ샭싛ꆢ컄쿗,늢쟒뷸튻늽,듓뺭볃톧ꆰ쾡좱풴엤훃ꆱ뗄뷇뛈냑헢킩샭싛ퟛ뫏퓚튻룶ꆰ샭탔톡퓱ꆱ럖컶뿲볜샯ꆣ컒뛔쿖폐뗄떥뒿틔늩?싛랽램뷢쫍폯퇔쾰뗃믲폯퇔뻹뫢뗄쮼슷돖놣쇴첬뛈,쯤좻쓇튲쫇컒퓸뺭닉좡뗄쮼슷ꆣ틲캪,죧맾놴싪쮹퓧틑횸돶맽뗄:폯퇔,ퟷ캪죋샠샭탔뗄퓘쳥,틑뺭늻쓜폃죋샠뗄ꆰ닟싔ꆱ탐캪살뷢쫍쇋ꆣ폖죧맾튮뿋퓧뻍횸돶뗄,ퟷ캪ꆰ뒫춳ꆱ뗄폯퇔,쫇죋샠평틔쾰뗃ꆰ샭탔ꆱ뛸늻쫇죋샠뿉틔믹폚샭탔탐캪좥볓틔룄퓬뗄ꆰ놾풴ꆱ,맾튮뿋(1988)짵훁죏캪,뒫춳뗄탭뛠쓚죝늻쫇샭탔쓜릻샭뷢뗄ꆣ쾣췻헢욪싛컄뗄릤ퟷ벰컄쿗ퟛ쫶틽웰뺭볃톧볒뛔폯퇔컊쳢뗄룼볓짮죫뫍맣랺뗄쮼뾼ꆣ컒쿠탅,뺭볃톧뛔폯퇔컊쳢뗄쮼뾼붫벫듳뗘냯훺죋샠쮼쿫,훁짙냯훺풴ퟔ컷랽뗄톧쫵쮼쿫뒫춳,훘탂략믘몣뗂룱뛻뻍ꆰ폯퇔ꆱ쯹쏼쏻뗄ꆰ죋샠쮼쿫뗄볒ꆱꆣ닎뾼컄쿗:췴뚡뚡,2001aꆶ,럻뫅붻췹뗄뺭볃톧ꆷꆶ,짧믡톧퇐뺿ꆷ뗚1웚ꆣꆪꆪꆪ,2001bꆶ,첽쯷쏦쿲21쫀볍뗄뷌폽헜톧폫뷌폽뺭볃톧ꆷꆶ,룟뗈뷌폽퇐뺿ꆷ뗚1웚ꆣꆪꆪꆪ,2001cꆶ,죋볊붻췹,맛쓮뒴탂폫퇐랢럧쿕ꆷꆶ,쿣룛짧믡뿆톧싛첳ꆷ뒴뾯뫅(벴붫랢뇭)ꆣ93
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