ᇏݓള୪ြ࿐Б 2012୍5ᄅ ֻ20ज ֻ5௹ Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, May 2012, 20(5): 578−584 DOI: *ದ۽҃ഡࠎᇉؓ୪โஆඣඣᇉ֥႕ཙ 1,21**111,2吴 攀 张志山 黄 磊 胡宜刚 陈永乐 (1. ᇏݓ॓࿐ჽݥݬߌა۽ӱ࣮෮೬೬൫ဒ࣮ᅟ ধᇜ 730000; 2. ᇏݓ॓࿐ჽ࣮ളჽ Кࣘ 100049) ᅋ ေ 本研究选择宁夏灵武农场的典型排水支沟进行人工布设基质, 在沟中布设土壤、炉渣、秸秆、锯末4种基质处理及铲草处理和对照(不做任何处理), 研究分析了基质对农田排水沟水质的影响。对基质的组分分析−1−1表明, 锯末显著地吸附盐分和全氮, 吸附量分别达 g·kg和 g·kg, 土壤、炉渣、秸秆均明显地释放盐−1−1分, 释放量为~ g·kg; 秸秆显著地释放有机碳, 释放量达 g·kg; 4种基质对全磷吸附效果不明显。水质分析表明, 除秸秆处理和对照外, 盐分(TDS)在其他处理下显著减少, 而化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、总−+磷(TP)、NO-N和NH-N浓度在锯末和土壤处理下均有不同程度的减小。对于整条试验沟道, 农田退水中34TDS、TN、TP的浓度随着在沟道迁移距离的增加呈明显减小的趋势, 至出水断面时浓度分别为~ −1−1−1g·L、~ mg·L和~ mg·L。田间沟道试验说明, 农田排水沟能有效地截留农田退水污染物, 选择适合的基质进行人工布设实际可行, 有助于发挥农田排水沟的生态功能。 ܱՍ 农田排水沟 水质 基质 盐分 氮 磷 宁夏引黄灌区 ᇏٳোݼ: X505 ໓ངѓ്: A ໓ᅣщݼ: 1671-3990(2012)05-0578-07 Influence of artificially placed substrates on agro-drainage ditch water quality 1,21111,2WU Pan, ZHANG Zhi-Shan, HUANG Lei, HU Yi-Gang, CHEN Yong-Le (1. Shapotou Desert Experimental Research Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China) Abstract Agricultural drainage ditch is a critical hydrological system in agro-ecosystems for transporting surface runoff to down-stream water systems and for removing drainage water pollutants. While pollutant removal is critical for the protection of water en-vironments, agro-drainage pollution continues to draw attention in several regions in China. In recent years, agro-drainage pollution in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Region (NYRIR) heavily influences the quality of both local water systems and the Yellow River. The performance of such ditches regarding drainage water pollutant retention can be improved using suitable substrates. In this study, an experiment involving five treatments and a control was conducted in a NYRIR classical drainage ditch on Lingwu Farm of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Soil, cinder, straw and sawdust were placed in the ditch as substrates and the capacities of sub-strates to remove pollutants from agro-drainage waters determined. The goal of the study was to augment understanding of substrate effect on water quality in drainage ditches and determining the practical effectiveness of the method of placing substrates in ditches on pollutant removal. The results showed that compared with other three materials, sawdust had a better total dissolved solids (TDS) −1−1and total nitrogen (TN) adsorption capacity [ g(TDS)·kg and g(TN)·kg, respectively]. Soil, cinder and straw released TDS −1−1in the ranged of ~ g(TDS)·kg. Straw had the highest capacity for organic carbon release, which was g·kg. However, the differences among total phosphorus (TP) adsorption capacity of the four substrates were statistically insignificant. The perform-ance of TP adsorption under the four substrates was related with the amount of the materials used and duration of the experiment. With the exception of ditches of straw and control treatments, examined water samples from experimental ditches suggested decreas-−+ing trends in TDS concentration. Meanwhile, chemical oxygen demand (COD), TN, TP, NO-N and NH-N were effectively re-34moved from drainage waters under sawdust and soil treatments. The experiment also revealed that the concentration of TDS, TN and −1−1−1TP (~ g·L, ~ mg·L and ~ mg·L at the tail water section, respectively) decreased with the distance of water transport through the ditch. On the average, the results suggested that agro-drainage pollutants were intercepted in drainage * ݓࡅඣุಙ॥ᇅაᇍ॓ᇗնህཛ(2008ZX07212-004-3-2)ބݓࡅሱಖ॓࿐ࠎࣁཛଢ(40971033)ሧᇹ ** ๙ቔᆀ:ᅦᆽ(1974i), ଳ, Ѱൖ, ڬ࣮ჴ, ᇶေՖ൙ۄݬള֥࣮b(1988i), ଳ, ණൖ࣮ള, ᇶေՖ൙ളඣ໓ٚ૫֥࣮b൬۠ರ௹: 2011-07-14 ࢤ൳ರ௹: 2011-12-28
ֻ5௹ ֩: ದ۽҃ഡࠎᇉؓ୪โஆඣඣᇉ֥႕ཙ 579 ditches. Proper substrates improved the ecological function of agro-drainage ditches. Key words Agro-drainage ditch, Water quality, Substrate, Salt, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Region (Received Jul. 14, 2011; accepted Dec. 28, 2011) ࣍20؟୍ট, ݓ୪ြ૫ჷಙ໙ีರᇗ, ູஆඣ֥ܵ০Ⴈࠣୡ༱ႄߛܹ୪ြ૫ჷಙ႕ཙਔಛaඣุބնగ֥ߌᇉਈ॥ᇅิ܂сေ֥ҕॉބ॓࿐၇ऌb , ఃᇏ୪ըა୪ြ૫ჷඣಙ൞֒భಙٝᇍ֥၂۱ᇗׄބ1 材料与方法 [1−2]ׄbႋႨႿ୪ြ૫ჷಙٝᇍ֥ٚمႵ؟ᇕ, ു ൫ဒۀঃ [3]ֹྩگ൞ఃᇏູܼҐႨ֥ᇗေඌծീᆭ၂, ᄎ൫ဒֹ໊ׄႿୡ༱ਲ൧༆Кࢍ֥ਲ୪ӆ, Ⴈ֥ുֹোᇶေႵದ۽ുֹaўջaފρջുooֹԩၿԫ൧ჰފתܹ, תࣜКໂ, [4]ֹaသ߄ดaള౻֩b౻ുֹቔູದ۽ുݚϙ1 120 m, ଲКӉ km, ת༆नॺ kmbֹ֥၂ᇕ, ؓੀാਠ֥তࢩቔႨᄝ20ൗࡀ70୍୍नඟ௹157 d, ᆱളӉ௹ӻ࿃170 d, ୍ս֤ࣼ֞ಪॖބؿᅚ, ҂ࣇؿߨਔႋႵ֥ஆܹनగ໑ ℃, ≥10 ℃Ⴕིࠒ໑3 350 ℃, ୍नࢆඣ[5−6]ۿି, ߎିࡨഒ୪โඣᇏਠ֩အٳ֥ੀാbਈ213 mm, ಆ୍ࢆඣ؟ࠢᇏᄝ7~9ᄅٺ, ჿᅝಆ୍୪โඣஆೆ֡ު, ᄝࠎᇉ֥ࢩ་ڸaᆱ་ࢆਈ֥70%, ୍ᆕؿਈ2 005 mm, උႿׅ֥ն[7]൬ބັളࢆࢳ֩܋ቔႨ༯ಙ֤֞ಀԢbྟ࠱ڄగީbಛၛֹջྟ֥Ҥჰބߙಛູࠎᇉቔູ౻ുֹ֥ᇗေቆӮ҆ٳ, ҂ࣇູඣളᆱᇶ, ٳ҃ႵޑᎴaߧہބߧbھ୪โ֥ളӉิ܂ਔᄛุބႏအᇉ, طູັള֥౻ࢌհ, ֹ൝ฌ, ၛႄߛሱੀܹۃູᇶ, ᇶေ୪[8]َᆲิ܂ਔॖ܂ڸሢ֥і૫ބႏအটჷ, ൞౻โඣൈ௹ູ4~8ᄅ֥୪โܹۃ௹b ുֹؿߨಙতࢩۿି֥ࠎԤb ୪ӆᇶေᇕᆱඣ֟aზaႲঈaཬચބᇅᇕߛފഈႳୡ༱ႄߛܹ൞ୡ༱ᇗေ֥୪ြളӁზ, ႮႿ୪ӆ֥ളӁඣa୪ြೆбࢠۚ, Ӂള3ࠎֹ, ૄ୍Ֆߛފႄඣӑݖ70ၡm, ୪ြܹۃ૫ࠒ֥߄٧୪ူಙ္ࢠᇗ, ೂ2006୍߄٧ೆ 255ຣhmbႮႿ୍࣍ট୪โඣಙࢠᇗ, ཟߛ−2−2kg·hm, ӑԛ୍֒ಆݓनീ٧ਈ kg·hm֥ފஆೆਔնਈ֥ٳaaਠ֩ಙᇉ, ҂ࣇؓ[9]27%bᄝਲ୪ӆ࿊ᄴ1่1 000؟Ӊ֥ऎႵഈႳඣᇉӁളᇗ႕ཙ, ߎࡆնਔܹඣߌᇉਈಙսіྟ֥୪โஆඣᆦࣉྛ൫ဒ(֥؊Ⴕഒڿა୪ြ૫ჷඣಙࡗ֥؛b۴ऌ 2009୍҆ٳ୪ӆളࠃඣ߸ೆ), ֡ਆகٳљູཔ֡ބ୪ୡ༱ඣሧჷ܄Б, ୡ༱ႄߛܹնཬஆඣ200؟โb2009୍֡கโֹᇕᆱႲঈ, โॶٳ҃1b4่, ᇶေஆඣᄝܹۃ௹ᇶေࢤବ୪โඣ, ඣᇉ−2ᄅ15—20ರࣉྛโࡗܹඣ, ѩീࠎ٧(୕150~155 kg·hm, ሸކࡎোљູਜⅤো, ᇶေಙᆷѓູμaሹਠ−2−2ᇗݖਠූہ300~320 kg·hm, ੯߄ࡋ100~105 kg·hm)(TP)a߄࿐ླသਈ(COD)֩, ჷႿ୪โീ٧ੀാaအުѬᇕ, 6ᄅ5—10ರགྷৄ௹ࢲކܹඣሔീ୕75~ [9]−2ᆲඣੀೆaնਈ୪ူ୪ଇ֥җ֩b෮ၛ, Ⴕི80 kg·hm 1Ցb൫ဒభ, Ґࠢᆦָୃބш֥іֹࢩ୪โඣಙ, ࡨഒಙཟᇛຶඣุஆҪ0~20 cmಛဢ, ܋6Ցᇗگ, ٳ༅ఃࠎЧ߄࿐٢ၘࣜӮູܹ୪ြളӁ૫ਢ֥ᇗေགྷൌ໙ีbط০ྟᇉ(і1), ٳ༅ٚمҕᅶ໓ང[18]b Ⴈ౻ുֹতࢩ୪โඣಙ, ิۚఃؓಙඣ 表1 试验支沟0~20 cm土层土壤化学性质ุ֥࣪߄ۿିॖࢠݺֹߏࢳᆃ၂؛Table 1 Basic soil chemical properties of the experimental , ൞ٝᇍ୪ြditch ૫ჷඣಙ֥ᇗေ൭؍bݓຓა౻ཌྷܱ֥࣮ᆞཛଢ ָ ш [10−11]ԩႿؿᅚࢨ؍, ᄝ୪โඣਠ֥థ၍ሇ߄aᆱItem Ditch bed Ditch bank[11][12−13]±±؟ဢྟބܵႋႨ֩ٚ૫౼֤ਔ҆ٳ࣮−1Ⴕࠏฏ Organic carbon (g·kg) ± ± Ӯݔ; ݓଽᄝՎٚ૫֥࣮ഉඋఏ҄ࢨ؍, ၛສ֥−1ಆ Total salt (g·kg) ± ± [14]−1࣮ࢠ؟ܱᇿ୪โஆඣ֥ඣ০ۿିaᆱؓအಆ Total nitrogen (g·kg) ± ± −1[15−16]ಆਠ Total phosphorus (g·kg) ± ± ٳ֥་൬֩ٚ૫; ݓଽຓؓ౻ുֹࠎᇉ֥−1ི Available nitrogen (mg·kg) ± ± ࣮ࢠഒ, ࠎᇉ൫ဒ؟ཋႿ൩ଽߌ, طႋႨႿ့ຓ−1ིਠ Available phosphorus (mg·kg) ± ± [5,17]่ࡱ༯֥ࠎᇉ࣮༷Б֡b Ч໓࿊ᄴୡ༱ႄߛܹׅ֥୪โஆඣ, ൫ဒഡ࠹ ࣮ࡆೆ҂ࠎᇉުஆඣؓ୪โඣ֥࣪߄ིݔ൫ဒᆦӉ1 050 m, ॺ~ m, ૄۯ50 m,
580 ᇏݓള୪ြ࿐Б 2012 ֻ20ज ູࢸ߃ٳ1۱൫ဒཬ, ૄ۱ཬ؊ؓႋႵ1่ॺ؇aඣ໑aੀ, ᄝૄ۱؎૫ԩ֩एഡᇂ3۱ࡓ୪߸ೆ(1)b୪โܹۃඣࣜ୪ࣉೆ൫ဒᆦ, ҩׄҩקඣധ, ൫ဒᆦ֥ࠎЧඣ໓౦ঃі2b ແඣቋᇔࣜۄஆೆߛފb2009୍6ᄅ15ರ҃ഡ 表2 试验支沟基本水文情况 ൫ဒ, ࿊౼ಛ(Ґሱֹ֒୪โ)aࢦی(ٸෞ֥֟ҤTable 2 Basic hydrological conditions of the experimental ditch ࢦی)aऑଌ(ඎऑଌ)aᄿ4ᇕࠎᇉ, ᆃ4ᇕࠎ໑؇ ඣ૫ॺ؇ ඣധ ੀ ൈࡗ [17,19−21]ᇉ৷ࡎၞ֤, ᄝၛສ٬ඣԩᇏၧႵႋႨ, Temperature Water width Water depth Velocity Time −1(℃) (m) (m) (m·s) Ⴈઐտ(110 cm×75 cm, ।ࣥ2 mm)ልแࠎᇉ(ૄઐտ6ᄅ June ± ± ± ± m), ልแުઐտۚ15~20 cmbҐႨෛࠏቆഡ7ᄅ July ± ± ± ±࠹8ᄅ ± ± ± ±, ഡᇂಛaࢦیaऑଌaᄿaӀҤބؓᅶູ ၂ቆԩ, ૄ۱ԩ3Ցᇗگ, 3ቆԩᄝᇏ၇Ց ඔऌԩ ஆਙ, ܋18۱ཬb҃ഡࠎᇉ֥ཬᄝָ֩ए٢Ⴈ৫ဢЧTဒٳ༅۲ᇕࠎᇉቆٳݣਈ֥Мᇂ50่ઐտ, ӀҤԩૄᄅ1Ց, ದ۽ӀԢָބࣟᆴა൫ဒުҩᆴࡗ֥ҵၳཁᇷྟ, ѩႨҩᆴшഈ֥ᆱ, ؓᅶཬ҂ቓޅԩ, ૄᄅק௹ࡨಀМࣟᆴ, ࠹ෘቆٳݣਈ֥ᄹࡨэ߄(ᆞᆴູ་ڸؓ۲൫ဒཬࣉྛົb ਈ, ڵᆴູ٢ਈ)bؓႿ7ᄅa8ᄅҩק֥ඣᇉᆷ ѓᆴ, ൮༵ࣉྛཌྟކ, ٳ༅୪โඣඣᇉᄝ൫ဒᆦᇏခӱ֥э߄bಖުၛཬູֆ໊, ၛԛඣ୩؇ࡨಀࣉඣ୩؇, ࠹ෘԛ۲ԩ༯ಙ୩؇֥э߄ਈ(ᆞᆴູᄹࡆਈ, ڵᆴູࡨഒਈ), ѩၛᄅٺູᇶၹሰaԩູڬၹሰ, ࣉྛਚ൫ဒഡ࠹֥ؽົٚҵٳ༅, бࢠҵၳཁᇷྟb 2 结果与分析 ୪โඣඣᇉᄝ൫ဒᆦᇏ֥э߄ ൫ဒᆦᇏ۲ಙ୩؇֥ѯࢠն, ൫ဒ ֡ᄝᄎྛݖӱᇏؓಙႵࢠݺ֥ࢩིݔ(2ބ 3)b7ᄅٺބ8ᄅٺ֥ඣᇉඔऌཁൕ, TDSaTNބTP图1 试验支沟水质采样点布置 Fig. 1 Distribution of water samp֥୩؇ᄝ൫ဒᆦᇏሹุ༯ࢆ൝ૼཁ, ᇀԛඣ؎૫ling points in experimental ditch −1−1 ൈ୩؇ٳљູ~ g·~ mg·La− ҩ൫ཛଢაٚم ~ mg·L, ղ֞uֹіඣߌᇉਈѓሙvඣဢ֥Ґࠢࠣҩק: ൫ဒᄎྛ1~2۱ᄅު, Ⴟ7(GB3838—2002)ᇏⅢোඣᇉѓሙbط҂֥ԩཬᄅ15ರa8ᄅ15ರٳљᄝૄ۱ཬࣉඣ؎૫ބԛॖି൞֝ᇁ҂؎૫ಙ୩؇ѯࢠն֥ᇶေჰ−+ඣ؎૫ᇏྏ໊ᇂ(؎૫ᄝཬଽएཬ൮ແшࢸनၹbNO-NބNH-N֥୩؇ᄝ7ᄅٺӯགྷཁᇷࡨཬ34ູ2 mԩ)Ⴈ250 mLඣဢҐࠢ1Ցඣဢ(1)bགྷ֥൝, ෛሢᄝ֡ᇏథ၍ए֥ᄹࡆѯྟࡨഒ, −1−1ӆႨඣᇉҩ၎(YSI 556MPS)ҩקٳ(total dis-ᇀԛඣ؎૫ൈ୩؇ٳљູ mg·Lބ mg·L, −1solved solids, TDS)a໑؇ބpHbҐ֥ࠢඣဢෛࠧջطCOD୩؇ᄝ~ mg·Lٓຶଽѯb8ᄅ−−+߭ൌဒ൩, ҩఃCODaሹ(TN)aTPaNO-Nބ3ٺNO-NބNH-N֥୩؇ѯࢠն, ૼཁэ߄34+−1NH-N, ҩקٚمҕᅶ໓ང[22]b 4൝, ᇀԛඣ؎૫ൈ୩؇ٳљູ mg·Lބ −1−ࠎᇉဢ֥Ґࠢࠣҩק: ൫ဒభҐࠢ4ᇕࠎᇉဢmg·L, NO-N୩؇ᄝएೆඣ१500~700 mခӱ3, 6Ցᇗگb൫ဒ҃ഡު, 8ᄅ15ರؓ҃ഡࠎᇉ֥؍ԛགྷѯڂᇁTN୩؇္Ⴕཌྷරྟ֥э߄, CODૄ۱ཬෛࠏ࿊౼3่ઐտ, Ґࠢઐտଽ࣏ஞ֥ࠎ୩؇ᄝѯᇏሹุႵ၂קഈശ൝, ᇀԛඣ؎૫ൈ−1ᇉဢ(ૄࠎᇉཬ3۱ဢ), ܋36۱ࠎᇉဢb୩؇ղ mg·Lb Ґ֥ࠢဢෂ߭ൌဒ൩, ٳ༅ఃpHaႵࠏฏ ࠎᇉ་ڸቔႨٳ༅ TNބTP, ٳ༅ٚمҕᅶ໓ང[18]b ؓ൫ဒభު4ᇕࠎᇉ֥ቆٳݣਈࣉྛбࢠ, ؿགྷඣ໓ҩק: 2009୍6ᄅ15ರ—8ᄅ15ರ, ૄۯࠎᇉଽ۲ቆٳᄹࡨ҂၂, აჰট֥Мࣟᆴཌྷбҵၳྟ5 dᄝ۲۱ཬ֥ࣉඣ؎૫ބԛඣ؎૫ԩҩקඣ૫္҂(4)bಛaᄿaࢦیनႵࢠն֥ٳ٢
ֻ5௹ ֩: ದ۽҃ഡࠎᇉؓ୪โஆඣඣᇉ֥႕ཙ 581 图2 2009年7月试验支沟中不同断面污染物浓度的变化 Fig. 2 Pollutants concentrations of different cross sections of the experimental ditch in July 2009 图3 2009年8月试验支沟中不同断面污染物浓度的变化 Fig. 3 Pollutants concentrations of different cross sections of the experimental ditch in August 2009 −1ਈ(~ g·kg), აٳМࣟᆴࢠնႵܱ, ಛ֥4ᇕࠎᇉؓTNनႵ҂ӱ؇֥་ڸ(~ −1٢ਈቋն, ղ֞ࠞཁᇷඣ(P<), طऑଌऎႵg·kg), ఃᇏऑଌؓTN་ڸղ֞ࠞཁᇷඣ(P=), −1−1ཁᇷ֥་ڸٳቔႨ(P=), ་ڸਈղ g·kgb ་ڸਈղ g·kgbಛؓTPႵ၂ק֥་ڸቔႨ, −14ᇕࠎᇉनіགྷԛ҂ӱ؇ֹ٢Ⴕࠏฏ(~ ་ڸਈູ g·kg, ః3ᇕࠎᇉіགྷູ҂ӱ؇−1− g·kg), ఃᇏࢦی֥٢ቋູཁᇷ(P=), ऑ֥٢(~ g·kg), ఃᇏᄿ֥٢ࢠૼཁଌ္Ⴕࢠૼཁ֥٢ቔႨ(P=), ఃਆᇕࠎᇉ(P=)b4ᇕࠎᇉؓaਠ֥་ڸਈႵཋ, іགྷԛ٢ቔႨ҂ૼཁbࢦیބऑଌ֥Ⴕࠏฏ٢Ԣაሱദࢠ֥҂་ڸหᆘॖିაஆඣᇏࠎᇉ֥เࡆਈഒބ−1֥ۚႵࠏฏݣਈ(ࢦی~ g·kg, ऑଌ~ ൫ဒᄎྛൈࡗࢠ؋Ⴕܱ, ѩ൳ࠎᇉ֥߄ྟᇉބ−1[20−21,23−25] g·kg)Ⴕܱຓ, ߎၹ൫ဒᄎྛൈ۲ࠎᇉФልೆઐඣಙሑঃ֩؟ᇕၹ֥႕ཙb տ࣏ஞႿඣᇏ, Ⴕࠏฏၛඣಷࠇັཬ॒৬ሑ֥ྙൔ ൫ဒᆦಙ୩؇֥э߄ [10]٢֞ඣุ, طࢦیູٸෞሑ, ᄝඣᇏޓಸၞڪমၛཬູֆ໊, ࠹ෘಙᄝ҂ԩ༯ࣉඣ−1ٳࢳᇁࢦی֥Ⴕࠏฏ٢ਈቋն(ղ g·kg)b ؎૫୩؇ބԛඣ؎૫୩؇э߄, ؓఃࣉྛ֥ؽົٚ
582 ᇏݓള୪ြ࿐Б 2012 ֻ20ज ҵٳ༅іૼ, ᆺႵٳ(TDS)֥୩؇э߄ҵၳղ֞یຓ֥ఃԩࡗҵၳ҂ཁᇷbࢦیԩބؓᅶіࠞཁᇷඣ(P=), ۲ಙᄝ҂ԩ༯୩؇གྷູᄹࡆTDS, TDS֥୩؇ᄝࢦیԩᇏ֥ᄹࡆэ߄ᄝᄅٺࡗҵၳ҂ཁᇷ(5)bؓႿTDS֥୩؇ਈնႿؓᅶ, ఃჅ4ᇕԩᇏTDSनࡨഒ, ୩؇ࡨэ߄, ࢦیԩაؓᅶղ֞ཁᇷҵၳ(P=), აഒਈՖն֞ཬ၇ՑູऑଌԩaӀҤԩaಛԩఃჅ4ᇕԩҵၳղ֞ࠞཁᇷඣ(P<), طԢࢦބᄿԩb 图4 试验前后4种基质的组分含量对比 Fig. 4 Components contents of four tested substrates before and after the experiment * P<, ** P <, *** P <. 图5 不同处理下各污染物浓度进水断面和出水断面的变化量 Fig. 5 Difference in pollutants concentrations between entry and exit of plots of different treatments ᆞᆴіൕᄹࡆਈ, ڵᆴіൕࡨഒਈ; ᇏ҂ཬཿሳଛіൕҵၳཁᇷ, P<: ؓᅶ; T2: ӀҤԩ; T3: ಛࠎᇉ; T4: ᄿࠎᇉ; T5: ࢦیࠎᇉ; T6: ऑଌࠎᇉbPositive value shows augment and negative value shows decrement, and different letters mean significant difference at level. T1: control; T2: weeding; T3: soil substrate; T4: cinder substrate; T5: straw substrate; T6: sawdust substrate.
ֻ5௹ ֩: ದ۽҃ഡࠎᇉؓ୪โஆඣඣᇉ֥႕ཙ 583 −࣐ܵ۲ᇕԩ༯CODaTPaTNaNO-Nބေ൞๙ݖ་ڸބ߄࿐ӦটປӮ, ߄࿐ಀԢ൞3+[25]NH-N֥୩؇э߄ીႵཁᇷҵၳ, ಯॖؿགྷ: 1)Ԣਠ֥ᇶေݖӱbطࠎᇉห൹֥ҋᇉބpHᆴ֩൞4[20]ಛބऑଌԩ༯CODࡨഒ, طఃԩіགྷູ҂႕ཙࠎᇉԢਠҵၳ֥ᇗေၹbSakadevan࣮֩[21]ӱ؇֥ᄹࡆ; 2)ӀҤaࢦیԩބؓᅶ༯TPaіૼᄿؓਠ֥་ڸིݔݺႿಛ, Shukla֩ؿ−+NO-NaNH-NႵ҂ӱ؇ᄹࡆ, ఃԩ༯іགྷགྷऑଌᄝ٬ඣԢਠٚ૫္ିؿߨ၂ק֥ቔႨbطЧ34ູ҂ӱ؇֥ࡨഒ; 3)ԢӀҤބᄿԩຓ, TN୩൫ဒᇏᄿaऑଌؓਠ֥་ڸིݔࢠҵ, Ⴕրࣉ၂؇ᄝఃԩ༯नࡨཬbႮ5ߎॖᆩ, ۲ᇕಙ࣮҄ฐษbൈ, նਈ࣮ߎؿགྷ, pH൞႕ཙു୩؇ᄝಛބऑଌԩ༯ᇔ൞ࡨཬ֥b ֹࠎᇉਠ་ڸି৯֥ܱၹሰᆭ၂, ਠᄝූྟ่ࡱ༯Ф་ڸॖაํބ੨ؿളӦّႋ, ᄝࡡྟ่ࡱ3 讨论 [26]༯აہളӮਠූہӦ֩bЧ࣮ᇏಛaᄿaࠎᇉቔູ౻ുֹ֥ᇗေቆӮ҆ٳ, ᄝޓնӱऑଌ֥pHᄝ~ᆭࡗ, ᆺႵࢦی֥pHູ[17]؇ഈ႕ཙሢஆඣؓಙতࢩቔႨ֥ؿߨ, ط~, ᆃ҂০Ⴟؓਠ֥་ڸ, ࢠۚݣਠМࣟದ۽҃ഡࠎᇉॖᄝ၂קӱ؇ഈิۚ౻ؓಙ֥ᆴ߶֝ᇁ҆ٳਠ٢bՎຓࣜҩඣᇏሹਠݣਈಀԢིੱb๙ݖᄝஆඣࠎᇉᇏࣉྛ֥a߄࿐−1э߄ࢠն(~ mg·L), ҆ٳ൫ဒཬݣ֮ਠބളّႋ−1, ЇওݖੲaӦa࿀ୠބັളࢆࢳ୩؇֥ඣ(TP୩؇֮Ⴟ·L)္ॖି൞֝ᇁࠎ[23−26]֩ቔႨ, ୪โඣ֤֞࣪߄b[26] ᇉؓਠ་ڸਈႵཋമᇀཟඣᇏ٢ਠ֥ၹᆭ၂, ࠎᇉؓಆ֥་ڸቔႨᇶေ൞๙ݖሰࢌߐቔ֤ࠎᇉᄝ၂קӱ؇ഈӮູ“ਠߏԊఖ”, טࢫඣ[27]Ⴈࠇຂّႋࣉྛ֥bࠎᇉ֥ٳݣਈ҂൞ႄᇏ֥ਠ୩؇b ఏٳ་ڸҵၳ֥ᇶေჰၹᆭ၂bఃᇏऑଌ་ڸቔՎຓ, ୪โඣੀ္൞ࠎᇉؓஆඣඣᇉӁႨቋཁᇷ, აః3ᇕࠎᇉन٢ٳྙӮਔ༷ૼള႕ཙ֥ᇗေჰၹbඣ֥ੀࢠཬ(~ ֥ؓбbᆃ൞ၹູऑଌݣਈࢠ֮, ః3ᇕࠎᇉ−1m·s), ֤ඣ৯๔ൈࡗ֤ၛᄹࡆ, ಙିܔ֤−1ᇏಛֹູ֒୪โіҪ, ݣਈ(ղ g·kg)ࢠ֞ࠣൈႵི֥ಀԢ, ႭఃؓTDSaTNaTP֥ሹุಀ[30]ۚ, ٳෛሢඣ֟֩ቔളӉ་൬طࠒ, ֒Ԣིݔࢠݺ, ᆃაமൗᅤ֥࣮֩ࢲંཌྷරb୪ಛބ֟Ҥࢦیቔູࠎᇉ٢ೆஆඣުٳ֤ၛ٢โඣಙ୩؇э߄ࢠն, ֤҂ԩ༯ಙԛট, طᄿ٢ٳၧაఃۚݣਈ҂؎Фਥ୩؇֥э߄ਈ۲ၳ, ൫ဒᆦᇏ۲؎૫ඣᇉӁള[20]ಷႵܱbႵܱ࣮іૼ, ୪โஆඣٳ୩؇֥ѯྟэ߄b۴ऌ2009୍6—8ᄅֹ֒ஆඣۄ֥[28]э߄൳ܹஆඣਈބᆕอਈෛൈࡗэ߄֥႕ཙ, ط؎૫ࡓҩሧਘཁൕ, TDSaTNaTP֥୩؇ٳљູ−1−1−1൫ဒ҃ഡުᇛຶ୪โࠎЧܹۃ, 6—8ᄅඣਈэ± g·± mg·± mg·L, 3߄҂ն, ۲ࠎᇉཬ֥ඣ৯ڵހཌྷ, 1 mࠎᇉေԩनնႿ൫ဒᆦແඣ߸ೆۄ֥ಙ୩؇, ඪૼ3−1֥୪โඣູ~ m·d, ֤ٳᄝ൫ದ۽҃ഡࠎᇉؓஆඣᇏಙ֥ಀԢႵૼཁ֥ൌဒᆦᇏෛሢథ၍ए֥ᄹࡆطѯྟࡨഒb ࠽ིݔb ࠎᇉؓႵࠏ֥ಀԢᇶေЇওݖੲaӦࢆބັᄝིၭٚ૫, ൫ဒࠎᇉ৷ࡎၞ֤, ॖູ֡҃[17]ളٳࢳbཌྷܱ࣮іૼ, ۚႵࠏฏ֥ࠎᇉ߶֝ഡࢫჿӮЧ, ॖࢲކֹ֒ਆ୍၂Ց֥ౢ֡۽ᇁฏ֥٢, ັളࠃྟ္ᄀ఼, ିູఃิ܂ฏቔࠎᇉॖቔູࠎ٧ߎโ, ࡨഒ҆ٳീ٧ӮЧ, ط[29]ჷ, ิۚฏ֥ಀԢੱbЧ൫ဒࠎᇉᇏႵࠏฏ֥ࢆஆඣ֡ؓಙ֥ࢩᄝ၂קӱ؇ഈࢆ֮ਔ୪โ[2,5]ࢳࠇ٢ඣᇏฏݣਈࠇCOD୩؇؋௹ଽႵ၂קඣེջնਈႏအᇉಙі૫ඣุ֥ڄགb ֥ഈശ൝, طಛބᄿ٢Ⴕࠏฏ҂ཁᇷაఃሸഈ෮ඍ, ࠎᇉ֥ቆٳapH֩ྟᇉࠞնֹ႕ཙႵࠏฏݣਈཬႿࢦیބऑଌႵܱbࠎᇉ֥ؓಀԢਔࠎᇉؓಙ֥ಀԢ, ᄝ့ຓ่ࡱ༯ஆඣቔູᇶေ၇ঠႿള߄ّႋ֥ར߄/ّར߄ቔႨ, ཌྷܱݖඣ๙֡ႋԉٳؿߨఃࡨഒအٳੀാ֥ളۿି, ࣮іૼႵࠏแਘ۷ࡆି՜ࣉຂّႋၹطݺႿঀطᄝஆඣᇏದ۽҃ഡࠎᇉ൞ൌ࠽ॖྛ֥, ္[11]แਘb൫ဒᇏࢦیaऑଌؓሹ֥་ڸਈնႿႋԉٳॉ੮ֹ֞֒ҋਘ֥ॖႨྟބ୪โඣඣᇉ౦ᄿ, აഈඍ࣮ࢲݔཌྷ၂ᇁbᄿ൞ӈႨ֥ದ۽ࠎঃ, ᆃׄؓႿ૫ਢಛࡡ߄֥ۄݬ୪ܹطႭᇉแਘ, Ֆμ֥э߄ਈॖᆩбಛaࢦی۷ିູᇗေbਸ਼ຓؓႿࠎᇉ൞ڎ߶ղ֞་ڸЎބ໙ี, ՜ࣉμ֥ሇ߄bਸ਼ຓ, ऑଌऎႵ।༣ੱ֥֮หׄླေӉൈࡗ֥ࡓҩটӂૼ, ᆃ္൞ૌ༯၂࣮҄[21,24]ିิۚఃؓTN֥་ڸb4ᇕࠎᇉؓਠ֥ಀԢᇶ֥ᇗׄb
584 ᇏݓള୪ြ࿐Б 2012 ֻ20ज 参考文献 ࣮ᅚຬ[J]. ܹۃஆඣ࿐Б, 2008, 27(1): 108–111 [15] ࡻէਪ, ٓཫ౬, ᅣၧѡ. ٤ׄჷಙᄝ౻ുֹᇏ֥[1] ᇫํಕ. ݓඣߌ୪ြ٤ׄჷಙٝᇍ࣮ࡥඍ[J]. ୪ࠒބᆱ་൬࣪߄[J]. ႋႨള࿐Б, 2005, 16(7): ըളߌ, 2000, 16(3): 55–57 1351–1354 [2] Ongley E D, Zhang X L, Yu T. Current status of agricultural [16] ਟڃ, ୍ᄁې, ࢀۚૼ. ᆱ་൬ᄝದ۽ുֹຂԢਠand rural non-point source pollution assessment in China[J]. ᇏ֥܊ང[J]. ߌ॓࿐࣮, 2009, 22(3): 337–342 Environmental Pollution, 2010, 158(5): 1159–1168 [17] ࣖࣖ, ֣ۚ, ޠࡴૼ. ದ۽ുֹࠎᇉ࣮ࣉᅚ[J]. ൮[3] ້࣋, ङ, ಘೋ, ֩. ᇏݓ୪ըߌಙٝᇍ࣮ሸඍ[J]. ഽٓն࿐࿐Б: ሱಖ॓࿐ϱ, 2009, 119(6): 85–90 ളߌ࿐Б, 2010, 19(9): 2253–2259 [18] ᇏݓ॓࿐ჽଲࣘಛ࣮෮. ಛ߄ٳ༅[M]. ഈݚ: ഈ[4] ਾ໓ᇍ, ਾ, ᅦಆؿ. ുֹᄝ૫ჷಙᇍᇏ֥ႋႨݚ॓ԛϱഠ, 1978: 62–236 ߭ܤაᅚຬ[J]. ߌ॓࿐აܵ, 2010, 35(7): 141–145 [19] ਾࣚࣂ, ཬૼ, ဗḀ. ᄿ֥་ڸྟିࠣᄝ٬ඣԩᇏ[5] Ϣૼႇ. ୪ြ٤ׄჷಙࠣ॥ᇅؓҦ࣮[J]. νߪ୪ြ֥॓ႋႨ[J]. ۽ြႨඣა٬ඣ, 2003, 34(1): 12–15 ࿐, 2010, 38(8): 4228–4230 [20] Sakadevan K, Bavor H J. Phosphate adsorption characteristics [6] ݚૼ, ࣁ, ሻႊ, ֩. ୪โஆඣ౻֥ߌིႋაളof soils, slags and zeolite to be used as substrates in constructed ۿିሸඍ[J]. ඣ॓࿐ࣉᅚ, 2010, 21(5): 719–725 wetland systems[J]. Water Research, 1998, 32(2): 393–399 [7] Birgand F, Skaggs R W, Chescheir G M, et al. Nitrogen re-[21] Shukla A, Zhang Y H, Dubey P, et al. The role of sawdust in moval in streams of agricultural catchments—A literature re-the removal of unwanted materials from water[J]. Journal of view[J]. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Hazardous Materials, 2002, 95(1/2): 137–152 Technology, 2007, 37(5): 381–487 [22] ݓࡅߌЌअ. ඣބ٬ඣҩٳ༅ٚم[M]. Кࣘ: ᇏݓ[8] ఼এ, ޱ, ङ. ୪ြ٤ׄჷಙᄝஆඣ౻ᇏߌ॓࿐ԛϱഠ, 1989: 200–284 ֥థ၍ሇ߄࣮ࣉᅚ[J]. ᇏݓള୪ြ࿐Б, 2010, 18(1): [23] ჯתݚ, ࣟৡࢱ, ۚൖབ, ֩. ࠫᇕದ۽ുֹࠎᇉ࣪߄ਠ210–214 ಙྟି֥ٳ༅[J]. ߌ॓࿐, 2005, 26(1): 51–55 [9] ᅦι, ဗൗᠱ, ၞफ, ֩. ୡ༱ႄߛܹඣุಙགྷሑࠣ[24] ݒ႒౩, ᅦზ༵, ק, ֩. ದ۽ുֹള༢ຂԢਠಙჷࢳ༅[J]. ᇏݓള୪ြ࿐Б, 2010, 18(6): 1295–1301 ࠏ࣮ࠣࣉᅚ[J]. ۳ඣஆඣ, 2009, 35(S1): 114–118 [10] Kröger R, Holland M M, Moore M T, et al. Hydrological [25] ཫת, ํᠩ, ݚѯ, ֩. ದ۽ുֹԢਠ࣮ࣉᅚ[J]. variability and agricultural drainage ditch inorganic nitrogen ള࿐Б, 2007, 27(3): 1226–1232 reduction capacity[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2007, [26] Olli G, Darracq A, Destouni G. Field study of phosphorous 36(6): 1646–1652 transport and retention in drainage reaches[J]. Journal of Hydrology, [11] Blankenberg A G B, Haarstad K, Søvik A K. Nitrogen 2009, 365 (1/2): 46–55 retention in constructed wetland filters treating diffuse agriculture [27] โൗႇ, અៗ, ࡉᇑ, ֩. ॥ᇅஆඣؓୡ༱ၿଲܹඣ֟โpollution[J]. Desalination, 2008, 226 (1/3): 114–120 ٳэ߄֥႕ཙ[J]. ඣ০࿐Б, 2006, 37(11): 1309–1314 [12] Herzon I, Helenius J. Agricultural drainage ditches, their bio-[28] ᅵօ, ഔתݓ, սม. ۄݬܹඣଆაൌဒ࣮[J]. logical importance and functioning[J]. Biological Conservation, ܹۃஆඣ࿐Б, 2004, 23(2): 42–45 2008, 141(5): 1171–1183 [29] ྷ֣ڞ, ႘࿒. ҂ದ۽ുֹࠎᇉؓඣሹႵࠏฏಀԢ[13] Needelman B A, Kleinman P J A, Strock J S, et al. Improved management of agricultural drainage ditches for wateି৯Ԛฐ[J]. ߌ۽ӱ࿐Б, 2010, 4(12): 2740–2744 r quality protection: An overview[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Con-[30] மൗᅤ, ۚߕᆤ, ᅦᆞਅ. ܹดുֹؓ֟โஆඣᇏservation, 2007, 62(4): 171–177 ਠ֥ჰ໊ཤࡨིݔࠣࠏ࣮[J]. ඣ০࿐Б, 2010, 41(4): [14] ഒৡ, ྩ, נঐ, ֩. ᇏݓ֥୪โஆඣඌࣉᅚა406–411
