2005年11月东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版)Nov12005第 7卷第6期 JournalofSoutheastUniversity(PhilosophyandSocialScience) ༆ٚᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈંඍ戚啸艳,胡 明,程俊瑜(תଲն࿐ࣜ࠶ܵ࿐ჽ,ࡾ්ଲࣘ210096)[ܱՍ]ᆩ്ሧЧ;࠹ਈં;ᆩ്ሧЧБۡ[ᅋ ေ]֒భ,ᆩ്ሧЧၘӮູቋᇗေ֥ളӁေ,ሙಒ࠹ਈఒြ֥ᆩ്ሧЧӮູఒြࢸބંࢸ֥ಣׄބׄb๙ݖնਈ֥໓ང߭ܤࠣٳ༅࣮,൸ԛ༆ٚᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈં֥ؿᅚဆࣉݖӱ,ิఃࠎЧંॿࡏ,ॖູݓᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈંࠣൌༀ֥ؿᅚิ܂ҕॉb[ᇏٳোݼ]F06213 [໓ངѓ്]A [໓ᅣщݼ]1671-511X(2005)06-0042-04၂aႄᇁॖٳູၛ༯۱ࢨ؍: (一)知识资本计量理论萌芽阶段(20世纪80֒భ,ૌᆞԩႿ۽ြഠ߶ཟᆩ്ࣜ࠶ഠ߶ࠤ年代早期)खሇэ୍֥ս,ഠ߶ളӁaളࠃ֥۲۱ٚ૫ᄝؿള20ൗࡀ80୍սᄪ௹,ᆩ്ሧЧष൳ܱ֞ᇿbധख़֥э߄,ᆩ്ሧЧၘӮູቋᇶေ֥ളӁေ,ఃԢਔೋׅ֥Sveiby࢝൱,ರЧ࿐ᆀHiroyukiItami္ളӁaႨބٳथקਔൗࢸࣜ࠶֥ؿᅚٚཟb20൞ᄝھਵთࠞऎ႕ཙ৯֥ದbHiroyukiItamiᄝؓൗࡀ90୍ս,ರЧaૅݓa֣ݓᇅᄯြሹሧӁᇏ֥ᆩᆩ്ሧЧაఒြࡎᆴ֥ܱ༢ቔਔषԷྟ࣮֥ࠎԤ്ሧЧб২ᇯ୍ഈശ,ರЧ֥ᆩ്ሧЧб২Ֆ1990ഈ,ለཿਔ5טྙሧӁ6၂[2]bࣂ฿,ھФಪ୍֥%ഈശ֞2001୍֥%,ૅݓՖູ൞ᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈંؿᅚݖӱᇏ֥ᇗေӱЗ,%ഈശᇀ%,֣ݓՖ15%ഈശᇀ%[1]bູರުᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈં࣮ࠣൌ֥ؿᅚקਸ਼ຓ,Ⴕ໓ངӫૅݓྸ؟ۚ॓ఒြ֥ᆩ്ሧЧၘਔંࠎԤbӑݖఃሹሧӁ֥70%bᇀՎ,ܵᆩ്ሧЧ֥ᇗေ(二)知识资本计量理论发展阶段(20世纪80ྟၘ႞ᇂၐ,ሙಒ࠹ਈაБۡఒြ֥ᆩ്ሧЧၘ年代中期至90年代末期)Ӯູܵંࢸࠣൌᆀૌܱᇿ֥ಣׄࠣׄ໙ีھࢨ؍൞ᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈં࣮ބൌॹؿᆭ၂bႵсေ൸ԛ༆ٚᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈં֥ؿᅚᅚ֥ࢨ؍,ૼཁ֥หᆘ൞ఃൌᆷ֝ྟbෛሢྐ༏ဆࣉݖӱ,ิԎའఃࠎЧંॿࡏ,ᆃॖູݓᆩൈս֥টਢ,ྸ؟܄ඳ,Ⴍః൞ۚ॓܄ඳ,ఃᅬ૫്ሧЧ࠹ਈંࠣൌༀ֥ؿᅚิ܂ҕॉbࡎᆴބ൧ӆࡎᆴᆭࡗ֥ҵएૼཁঘն,ҍༀБۡؽaᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈં֥ؿᅚဆࣉ֥ྐ༏҂ିԉٳّ႘ఒြ֥ປಆྐ༏bູՎ,ൗࢸ۲ݓ֥ᆩ്ሧЧ࿐ᆀࠣൌᆀՖ۲۱҂֥൪ܱ࢘Ⴟᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈં֥ఏჷ,۲࿐ᆀ֥ܴׄؓఃࣉྛӮၹٳ༅ࠣ࠹ਈ࣮,ྙӮਔնਈ֥࣮ѩ҂၂ᇁ,ࢠູ܄ಪ֥ܴׄ൞ᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈ࣮ቋӮݔ,սіದႵKarl-ErikSveiby,KaplanބNor-ᄪॖၛሔි֞20ൗࡀ80୍սԚ,ቋऎ႕ཙ৯֥սton,EdvinssonބMalone,BrianHall,GordonPetrash,іದ൞ᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈ/ೋׅᄎ0ᆭڳSveiby࢝BaruchLev֩bھࢨ؍֥࣮ӮݔФܼٗႋႨႿൌ൱bSveiby࢝൱षԷྟֹંᆣਔᆩ്ሧЧ֥ग़ܴթ,ѩႨᇀࣂbᄝྟࠣ࠹ਈ֥сေྟ,ѩ൫ဒਔྙሧӁ¹ٚ૫֥11Sveiby֥/ྙሧӁࡓҩఖ0ં߶࠹ൌbSveiby֒ൈӐ֝࠹ਈఒြᆩ്ሧЧ֥ଢSveibyᄝఃᇷቔ5ᆩ്ቆᆮ6ᇏധೆ࣮ਔ֒ൈ֥ࣇཋႿҀԉБۡمࣜႮҍༀБุۡ༢֥ପ҂؎Ⴄགྷ֥ᆩ്܄ඳ(ીႵԮ֥Ӂ,ᆺ/ႚႵ0ჴ҆ٳఒြࡎᆴ,ᆃაଢభ֥࠹ਈଢ֥ཌྷб,ၘࣜႵਔ۽֥ᆩ്ބԷᄯ৯֥܄ඳ)֥ᇶေหᆘࠣఃაԮࢠն֥љbᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈં࣮֥ဆࣉݖӱն܄ඳ֥љ,ӂૼਔ܄षྙሧӁ֥ଢ֥aቔႨ[൬۠ರ௹]2005-06-10[ࠎࣁཛଢ]ࡾ්സۚದ໓ഠ߶॓࿐࣮ཛଢ(04SJD630002)aࡾ්സᅽ࿐ഠ߶॓࿐࣮ܿ߃ࠎࣁཛଢ(04ELB014)࣮Ӯݔᆭ၂b[ቔᆀࡥࢺ]ဇ(1963-),୯,תଲն࿐ࣜ࠶ܵ࿐ჽڬ࢝൱,ᄝᆯѰൖള,࣮ٚཟ:ҍༀ߶࠹b¹ᄝᆩ്ሧЧં࣮ᇏ,ӈ֥ඌეЇওᆩ്ሧЧaᇆ৯ሧЧaᆩ്ሧӁaᇆ৯ሧӁaྙሧӁ֩,ᆃུඌეᄝႋႨᇏࠫެФಪູ൞ၬՍ,ఃіղྙൔ֥҂ᇶေ൞ႮႿ࣮ᆀ֥؟࿐॓ྟb
第6期戚啸艳,等 西方知识资本计量理论评述43აБۡଆൔԠྙb[3](P156)ఃު,Sveibyᄝఃᇷቔ5ྙြ֥ᆩ്ሧЧ,ѩაఒြ֥ҍༀሧЧ၂ఏ,܋ԷᄯሧӁڵᅏі6(TheInvisibleBalanceSheet)ᇏ܄҃ਔఒြ֥ࡎᆴbKonrad۽ቔཬቆ֥࣮Ӯݔ)))/ྙሧӁڵᅏі031EdvinssonބMalone֥/ථऽְ֝ݴ၎0֥Бۡଆൔb[4](P133)Sveiby֩ದಪູ,ఒြ֥൧ӆࡎંᆴնႿఃᅬ૫ࡎᆴ֥ᇶေჰၹᄝႿྙሧӁ,ఒြ1995୍5ᄅ,ൗࢸᇷ֥ࣁವڛༀࠏܒaೋׅ֥ྙሧӁЇওնো:ܦჴି৯(employeecapabi-lSkandia܄ඳ֥ᆩ്ሧЧࣜLeifEdvinssonࢹ/ity)aଽ҆ࢲܒ(interstructure)ބຓ҆ࢲܒ(extraྙሧӁڵᅏі0ބ/ޙ࠹ٳव0නམ,ࢲކЧ܄ඳ֥structure)bܦჴି৯൞ᆷჴ۽ᄝ۲ᇕ౦ঃ༯ԩ൙ൌ,Էࡹਔ/ථऽְ֝ݴ၎0(TheSkandiaNav-iༀ֥ି৯,Їও۲ᇕିa൳࢝ტӱ؇aࣜဒaࡎᆴܴga[7to](P168)r),ѩႿ୍֒ቔ୍ູ؇ҍༀБ֥ۡҀԉБၛࠣഠࢌె֩bଽ҆ࢲܒႮնਈ֥ህ০aܴaଆۡ,ؓຓਔھ܄ඳ֥ᆩ്ሧЧሑঃ,ఃᆰࢤࢲݔaܵ༢a٤ᆞൔቆᆮaଽ҆ຩaቆᆮ໓߄֩ቆ൞֝ᇁਔھ܄ඳ֥ܢௐᄝሧЧ൧ӆഈᅨb/֝Ӯ,෮Ⴕᆃུࠇ൞ႮܦჴᆰࢤԷᄯ֥,ࠇ൞Ֆљԩࠆݴ၎0֥ଁіૼھଆܒࡹᆀ֥ၩ,ࠧ༐ຬھଆ֤,๙ӈູቆᆮ෮/ႚႵ0,ѩܥ߄Ⴟቆᆮbຓ҆ࢲܒॖၛཞݴྛൈ֥֝ݴ၎၂ဢϺᇹݴྛᆀ(ఒြ)ෛႮग़a܂ႋᆀaஇӫaഅѓaუࠇ/ྙའ0֩ൈᅧଢభ෮ԩ໊֥ᇂ(ఒြᄝ൧ӆᇏ໊֥ᇂ),ѩቆӮ,ᆃུሧӁ֥ࡎᆴіགྷູఒြ֥ຓ҆ವބି৯bಒקໃটݴྛ֥ٚཟ(ఒြ֥ؿᅚٚཟ)bھଆЇ୍,ೋׅWM-ඔऌ܄ඳᄝః୍؇ҍༀБۡᇏ൮ও5۱ေ:ҍༀaग़aݖӱa۷ྍაؿᅚބದ৯ሧՑᄎႨ/ྙሧӁڵᅏі0ҀԉБۡਔھ܄ඳ֥ᆩ്Ч,ૌٳљսіਔఒြ֥ݖಀaགྷᄝބໃটbఃሧЧb1993୍,ೋׅڛༀྛြჴ߶ϜᆃᇕБۡଆᇏ,ఒြ֥ҍༀሧЧّ႘ਔఒြݖಀࣜႏ֥౦ঃ,ದൔࡩູЧྛြᆩ്ሧЧ୍؇ҀԉБ֥ۡѓሙ,ᆃ৯ሧЧ൞ఒြӻ࿃ؿᅚ֥৯,ఒြఃඹٚ૫֥൞ᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈਵთႵൎၛটֻ֥၂۱ѓሙb1995ଢѓေ๙ݖದ৯ሧЧ֤ၛൌགྷ;ఒြ֥ݖӱބܤ୍,40؟ࡅೋׅ܄ඳ၇ऌھჰ࠹ਈѩБۡఃᆩ്ग़ุགྷਔఒြགྷᄝ֥ൌ৯;ఒြ۷ྍބؿᅚሧЧᄵሧЧb1997୍,Sveibyؿіਔ5ྍ֥ቆᆮҍڶ6,ᄝყൕሢఃໃট֥ؿᅚమ৯b/ྙሧӁڵᅏі0֥ࠎԤഈྩᆞѩิԛਔྍ֥ᆩ്41BaruchLev֥ࡎᆴ৽࠹ٳवંሧЧ࠹ਈࠣБۡଆൔ/ྙሧӁࡓҩఖ0(Intangible୧ჿն࿐Stemܵ࿐ჽ࢝൱BaruchLevᄪᄝAssetsMonitor)b[5](P167)/ྙሧӁࡓҩఖ0൞/ྙ20ൗࡀ90୍սԚࣼაࡆᇜն࿐ѵक़০ٳHaasሧӁڵᅏі0֥ؿᅚଆൔ,Sveibyࡼൈࡗົ؇ႄೆఃഅ࿐ჽ֥DavidTeeceކቔ,ष࣮࠹ਈఒြ֥ᇏ,ၛ/ᄹӉބԷྍ0a/ིੱ0a/໗קྟ0֥֩ᆷྙሧӁbLevಪູ,ؿି৯൞႕ཙఒြໃট႔০ѓটّ႘ఒြ֥ຓ҆ࢲܒaଽ҆ࢲܒaܦჴି৯֩ଽି৯აఒြࡎᆴ֥ᇶေ၇ऌ,܄ඳህ০֥ඔਈაಸbCelemi܄ඳ(ೋׅ၂ࡅՖ൙ೈࡱഡ࠹ބิ܂ሦᇉّ႘ਔఒြؿି৯,BaruchLevࡼ܄ඳህ০֥࿘ڛༀ֥ᆩ്ఒြ)ࠣః܄ඳٴٴၛ/ྙሧӁࡎᆴሧЧ൧ӆഈॖၛܴҳ֥֞ҍༀࡎᆴཌྷ৳༢,ࡓҩఖ0ଆູॿࡏ,ܵaܙބБۡఃᆩ്ሧЧbิԛਔ/ࡎᆴ৽࠹ٳव0(TheValueChainScore-[8]21KaplanބNorton֥/ޙ࠹ٳव0ંboard)b/ࡎᆴ৽࠹ٳव0൞၂۱ჿႮ30۱ᆷѓKaplanބNortonԷࡹ֥ޙ࠹ٳव(BalancedܒӮ֥٤ҍༀᆷѓ֥इᆔ,ھᆷѓุ༢Фٳູ:ؿScore-cards)Ⴟ1996୍ФႨႿ࠹ਈఒြ֥ᆩ്ሧૼ/࿐༝(ଽ҆Էྍaࠆ֤ି৯aຩ৳ૐ)a۽ऎ(ᆩЧ[6]bKaplanބNortonಪູఒြၘՖ۽ြൈս്֥Ӂಃaඌॖିྟaႇหຩ)aഅြ߄(ཨٮᆀaࣩࠛᆚሇэູᆩ്ࣜ࠶ൈս֥ࣩᆚbᆩ്ࣜ࠶֥ԛིaᄹᆴభࣟ)նো,ႨႿࡎބБۡఒြ֥Էྍགྷ,วਔྸ؟۽ြൈսࣩᆚ֥ࠎЧࡌഡ,ఒြၘ҂ݖӱbିࣇࣇ๙ݖϜॹؿᅚ֥ྍඌሇ߄ູൌሧӁট(三)知识资本计量理论完善阶段(20世纪90ࠆ֤ॖӻ࿃ࣩᆚି৯,ఒြॖӻ࿃ࣩᆚି৯֥ࠆ౼年代末至今)ࡼჷႿఃܱӮۿၹ,ᇶေЇওҍༀၹ(႔০Чࢨ؍֥ᇶေหᆘ൞ᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈ࣮֥۽ቔྟaੀྟa൧ӆཧ൲ࡎ۬֩)aܤग़ၹ(ܤग़ડၩࡹ৫ᄝݓ࠽ࡗކቔ֥ࠎԤᆭഈbሱ20ൗࡀ90؇aᇏࡗഅބٳཧഅaႏཧٚൔაෂࠊൈࡗ֩)aఒြ୍սଌఏ,ᆩ്ሧЧၘӮູ۲ݓᆩ്ሧЧ࿐ᆀაൌଽ҆ੀӱၹ(ӁᇉਈaളӁੱaਲࠃྟaഡСሙᆀૌ࣮֥ऊࠢׄ,۲ᇕ࿐ඌ߶ၰaဆࢃБۡaСaνಆྟ֩)a࿐༝აԷྍၹ(ԷྍݖӱaྍӁ࣮ં໓ބఃཌྷܱԛϱС൳ᇴଢbOECDᄝέଚषؿൈࡗaିؿᅚaܦჴൖగaࣩᆚ৯֩)ඹ۱ٚථหօईྛਔၛᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈູᇶี֥ݓ࠽ษ૫,ఃᇏ,ܤग़aఒြଽ҆ݖӱa࿐༝ࠣԷྍܒӮਔఒ߶,ᆻᄝሢ൭ᇅקᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈބБ֥ۡݓ࠽ᆷ֝
44东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版)第7卷ٚᆌބൌѓሙbಖط,ႮႿᆩ്ሧЧ࿐ᆀࠣൌေ്љఒြᆩ്ሧЧ֥ܒӮေ,ᆰࢤᆩ്ሧЧᆀ֥࿐ඌМࣟა్࣮ೆׄ҂,࣮ٚمაඌ࠹ਈଆᇶေࠎႿࠊл࠹ਈ,ط࠹ٳवଆᄵ๙ݖਫ਼ࣥ۲ၳ,ࠣᇀࣂರ,ࢠູປ֥ᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈં၂༢ਙ٤ࠊл߄֥ᆷѓটܙఃᆩ്ሧЧbսіྟࠣٚمุ༢ഉໃྙӮbଆႵ:ථऽְ֝ݴ၎aྙሧӁࡓҩఖaޙ࠹aᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈଆൔ֥ᇶေٳোٳवaᇆ৯ሧЧᆷඔaࡎᆴ৽࠹ٳव֩bݖಀ୍֥ࠫ,ᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈ၂ᆰஈ߇ᄝࠊлඹaᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈࠎЧંॿࡏ࠹ਈა٤ࠊл࠹ਈa്љᆩ്ሧЧေაሹุܙࡎᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈ࣮ടࠣ؟࿐॓؟ਵთ,߶࠹࿐aᆭࡗbο൞ڎࠊл࠹ਈa൞ڎ്љေਆ۱ົ؇,ॖബ࠹࿐aࣜ࠶࿐aྐ༏ඌ֩࿐॓ਵთनॖఃሶࡼགྷྛ֥ᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈଆնᇁٳູඹোb႕,ෙಖᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈ࣮֥࣮ଽಸ࣮ࠣӮݔ(一)直接知识资本计量模型پڶ؟ဢ,༢߄֥ࠎЧંุ༢ഉໃ֤֞ิbᆰࢤᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈଆླေ്љఒြᆩ്ሧЧ۴ऌ5ຳ൦ྍݓ࠽Պׅ6,ં൞၂สࣅૡཌྷ৵֥ܒӮေ,ѩٳљؓ۲ေࣉྛࠊлࡎᆴ࠹ਈ,֥֒aࡌקྟ֥aۀྟ֥ބൌႨྟ֥ჰ֥ᆜุ,ܒఒြᆩ്ሧЧေ֥ࡎᆴਈٳљФሙಒ࠹ਈൈ,ࠧӮਔ෮ေฐ෬ਵთ֥ॖ܂ҕॉ֥၂Ϯॿࡏbᆩ്ሧॖࠆ֤ఒြᆩ്ሧЧሹਈbЧ࠹ਈં္ႋೂՎbႮႿંඪૼؓའބඪૼٚЧোଆ֥ᇶေหᆘ൞ၛࠊл࠹ਈູࠎԤ,ླൔ֥ҵљ,ᄝᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈંุ༢ଽ҆,թᄝҪՑေ്љᆩ്ሧЧܒӮေbսіྟଆႵ:ඌ֥ࣜ߃ٳ,ֻ၂Ҫ൞ᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈࠎЧં,ᇶေ൞ᆷࡀದم(TechnologyBroker,Brooking1996)aህ০ପུҐႨࡗࢤaԎའބᆷ֝ྟ֥ٚൔ,ҧᇗඪૼᆩ്ܙم(Citation-WeightedPatents,Bontis1998)aࡎሧЧ࠹ਈൌༀᆜุ֥ં,Їওᆩ്ሧЧ֥ۀaܒᆴฐҩఖ(TheValueExplore,AndriessenandTiessenӮေa࠹ਈაБ֥ۡଢѓa၂Ϯٚمაඌ֩bֻ2000)aᇆ৯ሧӁܙࡎم(IntellectualAssetValua-ؽҪ൞ᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈ֥ႋႨં,ᇶေЇও۲ᇕऎtion,Sullivan2000)֩bุ֥࠹ਈٚمაඌb(二)市值模型(一)知识资本的概念൧ᆴଆࡼఒြ֥൧ӆࡎᆴބᅬ૫࣪ሧӁ֥ҵؓႿᆩ്ሧЧ֥ۀ,҂֥࿐ᆀაൌᆀႵحቔູᆩ്ሧЧࡎᆴbሢ҂֥ࢸק,ೂSveibyಪູᆩ്ሧЧ൞ఒြ၂ᇕЧোଆ֥ᇶေหᆘ൞ၛࠊл࠹ਈູࠎԤ,ಒၛཌྷؓཋ֥ᆩ്ູࠎԤ֥ྙሧӁ,൞ఒြ֥ނಪఒြᆩ്ሧЧሹਈ,҂ླ്љᆩ്ሧЧܒӮေbྏࣩᆚି৯[3];Kaplan&Nortonಪູᆩ്ሧЧ൞܄սіྟଆႵ:Q༢ඔمa൧ӆ-ᅬ૫ࡎᆴم(Mar-ඳሧႿܤग़a܂ࠊഅaჴ۽aੀӱa॓aၛࠣԷket-to-BookValue,Stewart1997)֩bྍ,ၛԷᄯໃট֥ࡎᆴ֥ࠒ[6];OECDಪູᆩ്ሧ(三)资产收益模型Ч൞ದ৯ሧЧaቆᆮሧЧაܤग़ሧЧ֥ሹބ;Book-ሧӁ൬ၭଆࡼROA(नඥభ႔Ⴥ/नႵingᆷԛᆩ്ሧЧ൞܄ඳ֤ၛᄎྛ֥෮ႵྙሧྙሧӁ)აྛြनᆴбࢠ֥ҵၳӰၛఒြनႵӁ֥ሹӫ,ऎุЇও൧ӆሧӁaದҌሧӁaᆩ്ӁಃྙሧӁ,֤֞ྙሧӁ୍न൬ၭ,ᄜࡼھ൬ၭԢၛሧӁaࠎԤࢲܒሧӁඹնো[9](P113);Bellಪູᆩ്ሧఒြनሧӁӮЧࠇ০ੱ,࠹ෘ֤֞ఒြᆩ്ሧЧЧ൞ቆᆮᇏ֥ᆩ്ሧჷ,ЇওቆᆮႨၛԷᄯࣩᆚ৯a֥ࡎᆴbࢳၛࠣࢳथ໙ี֥ଆॶaҦaห൹ٚمࠣྏᇆଆЧোଆ֥ᇶေหᆘ൞ၛࠊл࠹ਈູࠎԤ,ൔ[10](mentalmodel);EdvinssonބMaloneಪູᆩ്ܙఒြᆩ്ሧЧሹਈ,҂ླေ്љᆩ്ሧЧ֥ܒӮሧЧ൞၂ᇕؓᆩ്aൌ࠽ࣜဒaቆᆮඌaܤग़ܱ༢ေbսіྟଆႵ:ࣜ࠶ᄹࡆᆴمa࠹ෘྙࡎᆴބህြି֥ᅧ,ᄝ൧ӆഈіགྷູࣩᆚႪ൝֩م(CalculatedIntangibleValue,Stewart,1997)a/ᆩ֩b[11](P188)ٳ༅ഈඍקၬ,҂ؿགྷః܋ྟ,ࠧᆩ്്ሧЧࠆ০م0(KnowledgeCapitalEarnings,Lev,ሧЧ൞ቆᆮ෮/ႚႵ0֥ᆩ്ࠣᆩ്Էᄯࠏᇅ֥2001)bӫ,ა/ᆩ്Էᄯ0a/ࣜဒ0a/ି৯0a/Էྍ0a/ᆩ്(四)计分卡模型Ӂಃ0ཌྷܱ,ॖሇ߄ູ০,ऎႵۗۆ߄ఒြࡎᆴ֥࠹ٳवଆᇶေ၇ऌᆩ്ሧЧ֥ܒӮေഡ࠹ቔႨ,൞ఒြႏᄎݖӱ֥Ӂb၂༢ਙᆷѓ,ᇅቔཌྷႋ֥࠹ٳवބі,ၛՎܙఒ(二)知识资本的构成要素ြ֥ᆩ്ሧЧbေ൞ଖ၂൙ሹุᇏсေ֥(ࠇุགྷఃหᆘ࠹ٳवଆაᆰࢤᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈଆোර,ླ֥)ቆӮ҆ٳ,൞ܒӮ൙֥сေၹbෙಖ۲ݓ
第6期戚啸艳,等 西方知识资本计量理论评述45ህࡅؓᆩ്ሧЧܒӮေ֥ࢸקթᄝሢ၂ק֥व0;ֻҪ૫൞༢ં(٤ޙ༢ં֩),ೂљ,ೂEdvinssonࡼᆩ്ሧЧ֥ေקၬູದ৯ሧЧଆപࣜຩ,ߧ༢֩॓࿐ဆෘ۽ऎb(ໃщᆩ്)აࢲܒྟሧЧ(ၘщᆩ്ሧӁބࣜႏྟሧӁaࢲ ე[4]);Sveibyࡼఃקၬູܦჴି৯aଽ҆ࢲܒބຓ҆ࢲܒ֩֩[3],൞ଢభථغห֥ᆩ്ሧ࣐ܵࠣᇀࣂರ,ିܔФݓ࠽ഈᆩ്ሧЧ࿐ᆀބЧH-S-Cࢲܒ(Humancapital+Structuralcapitalൌᆀܼٗಪॖ֥ᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈંุ༢ഉໃྙ+C[12](P126)ustomercapital)֤֞ਔࢠູܼ֥ٗಪॖ,Ӯ,൞,гᆀಪູՖൌ֞ં,ᄜႨંটᆷ֝ᆃؓᆩ്ሧЧં֥ؿᅚऎႵᇗေၩၬ,ၹູؓᆩൌ֥ಪ്ંဢൡႨႿᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈਵთ,ᆩ്്ሧЧܒӮေႵնᇁ၂ᇁ֥ಪ്൞ࣉ၂࣮҄ᆩሧЧ࠹ਈ൞ၹູ֥ൌႨྟطӁളѩ҂؎ؿᅚ,ᄝ്ሧЧ֥ܙٚم,ิ܂۽അࢸ௴ђಪॖ֥ᆩ്ሧః၂ק֥ؿᅚࢨ؍,ࡼఃԎའູં,ᄵࡼႵᇹႿູЧܙБ֥ۡࠎЧభิbᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈหקٚم֥ԛགྷקކ֥ࠎԤb(三)知识资本计量与报告的目标ᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈაБۡ൞ఒြᆩ്ሧЧ֥ܵ၂[ҕॉ໓ང]۱ᇗေࢨ؍bૌॖၛᆃဢ૭ඍ:ࡌఒြمܵ[1],measurementandthereportingሱ֥࠭ᆩ്ሧჷ,ପહ๙ݖᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈაБۡofintellectualcapital[J]1JournalofIntellectualCapital,ॖၛषؿᆃᇕሧჷ;ࡌఒြ֥ᆩ്ሧჷၘࣜၛଖ2001,(1):27~41.ᇕٚൔФࡆၛषؿބܵ,ପહ๙ݖᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈ[2]HiroyukiItami1MobilizingInvisibleAssets[M].HarvardUn-iაБۡॖၛಞᆃᇕܵࠃބݖӱ۷ࡆ༢߄bఒversityPress,Cambridge,MA,1987.ြᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈაБ֥ۡଢѓॖၛٳູଽ҆ଢѓ[3]Sveiby1KunskapsfÊretaget(ބຓ҆ଢѓRisling)[M]1Swedish:Liber,1986.,ଽ҆ଢѓॖၛ݂ବູ:(1)ᆦӻఒြᅞ֥ൌགྷ;(2)ಒЌఒြᆩ്֥۷ྍ;(3)ಒЌఒြ[4]SveibyKE1Denosynligabalansr?kningen(TheInvisibleBalanceSheet)[M]༢߄ᆩ്֥ٳཚ;(4)ປఒြ༢߄ᆩ്֥ܵ[5]Sveiby1TheNewOrganizationalWealth:ManagingandMeas-;(5)ૼಒఒြ֥ܱ॥ᇅׄ;(6)ิശఒြ֥ࣩuringKnowledgeBasedAssets[M].SanFransisco:Berrett-ᆚି৯;(7)౺ఒြ֥Էྍࠃbຓ҆ଢѓᄵᄝႿ࣐ॖିֹཟఒြ֥ຓ҆০ၭཌྷܱᆀԮ־ఒြᆩ്ሧ[6]KaplanRS,DNorton1Usingthebalancedscorecardasastra-Ч֥ܵଢѓaݖӱၛࠣࢲݔ֥ྐ༏,ॖၛ݂ବູtegicmanagementsystem[J].HarvardBusinessReview,:1996,74(1):75~851(1)ཟ০ၭཌྷܱᆀіૼದ৯ሧჷ൞ఒြቋᇗေ֥ሧӁ;(2)ุགྷቆᆮڶႵԷྍၩ്[7]EdvinssonL,;(3)་ႄྍჴ۽;(4)ᅤཁᆩ്൞ఒြቋᇗေ֥ሧӁ;(5)՜ದૌਔCompanysTrueValuebyFindingitsHiddenRoots[M].ࢳఒြ֥Ӂބڛༀ;(6)ᆦӻaҀԉҍༀБ֥ۡଽ[8]BaruchLev1ಸ;(7)ಒ৫აఒြࣩᆚᆀૌ֥ཌྷࣩؓᆚֹ໊;(8)[9]:CoreAssetsforthe་ႄྍܤग़,Ќӻܤग़bThirdMillenniumEnterprise[M].London,UnitedKingdom:ThomsonBusinessPress,19961(四)知识资本计量的一般方法与技术ᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈ֥ٚم൞ൌགྷఃଢѓa੫ྛఃᆯ[10][J].ExecutiveExcellence,ି֥൭؍bᄝᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈൌᇏ,ٚمބඌ֥1997,14(1):151ֹ໊Ⴍఃԛbᆩ്ሧЧ࠹ਈླေՖگᄖ؟э֥ߌ[11]EdvinssonL,:RealizingyourCompany'sTrueValuebyFindingItsHiddenBrain-ᇏᅳԛႵܿੰྟ֥ת༆,ᆃࣼथקਔᆩ്ሧЧ࠹power[M].NewYork:ਈٚمऎႵਲࠃط؟ဢ֥หᆘbࣼଢభط,ऎุ[12]StewartThomasA,TomStewart1IntellectualCapital:TheЇও۱Ҫ૫֥ٚمაඌ,ֻ၂Ҫ૫൞ࡥֆᆷѓNewWealthofOrganizations[M],Doubleday,19971م,ೂ/ྙሧӁڵᅏі0;ֻؽҪ૫൞ࣜ࠶࠹ਈم(ඔ࠹aཌྟսඔaᄎԔ࿐֩),ೂ/ޙ࠹ٳ
JournalofSoutheastUniversity(PhilosophyandSocialScience),2005ABSTRACTS(1)TheimportantenlightenmentofadvancedculturecreatedbytheCPCWANGJian,LIJun #5#Creatingthecultureofneo-democracyandthesocialistculturewithChinesecharacteristics,theCPCmadetwohistoricleapsonculture,-ienceoftheCPCbringsveryimportanthistoricenlightenmenttoouradvancementinthefuture:thecreationofadvancedculturewiththeadvanceoftimesguidesthesocialprogress;thecreationofadvancedculturemustalwaysholdthebasicvalueorienta-tionofservingthepeople;andthebasicwayofcreatingtheadvancedcultureistodrawonalloutstandingculturalachieve-ments.(2)TheselectionofdemocracyconstitutionalgovernmentmodeandthedemocracycourseofChinaCUIWei #8#,thedemocracyintheministerialpartynotonlydeeplyinfluencesthepartyit-self,,theappropriatedemocracyconstructionshouldbepro-motedprogressivelyandinaguidedwayfromthebasiclevelstepbystep.(3)Onpos-tMarxismviewpointofsocialismheldbyLaclauandMouffeWANGHai-feng #13#,.(4)CommentsontheeightabsurdremarksagainstadjustmenttoandcontroloverrealestatemarketYINBo-cheng,YINFeng #16#Sincethecentralandlocalgovernmentsadoptedaseriesofpoliciestoadjustandcontroltherealestatemarket,:1)TherealestatemarketofShanghaiisdevelopinginafavorableway;2)Themacro-adjustmentandcontrolaretorestoretheoldpracticeofplannedeconomy;3)Themacro-adjustmentandcontrolsuppressthedevelopmentofrealestatemarket;4)Theadjustmentofhousingpricedamagestheinterestofthecommonpeople;5)Thead-justmentwillproducenegativeeffectonbanks;6)Anyadjustmentmeansgreatupsanddowns;7)Theshrinkofrealestatetradeistheirrationalchoiceofcustomers;and8)Theadjustmentandcontrolmuststopbeforegoingtoofar.(5)AcasestudyofChina'sforeigntradesafetyZHANGEr-zhen,WEIHao,MAYe-qing #19#TherapiddevelopmentofChina'sforeigntradewithitsentrytoWTOhasbroughtaboutthediscussiononChina''sforeigntradesafetyfromtheangleofthedegreeofdependenceuponfor-eigntrade,theconvergencedegreeofforeigntradeproduct,'sforeigntradeissecureonthewhole,therealsoexistsomeproblems,soChinashouldsuitablyadjustitsstrategyofforeigntrade.(6)Problemsandcountermeasuresinadoptingtaxpolicytoacceleratemarketacceptanceofscientificandtechnologicala-chievementsinChinaLIANGKai,LILian-shui #27#,ourcountryhascarriedoutthepreferentialtreatmentsmainlycontainingthreeparts)))enterpriseincometax,individualincometaxandsalestax,,withthedevelopmentofmarketecon-omyandtheadvancementofscienceandtechnologyinChina,,itisnecessarytoalterthetaxpolicyofscienceandtechnologyfromthreeaspects)))marketorientation,industrialization,systematization,sothatthetaxpolicyofourcountrywillreallyplayanimportantroleinacceleratingmarketacceptanceofscientificandtechnologicalachievements.(7)Ananalysisonconditions,keypointsandmeansofAmericangovernment'smacro-adjustmentandcontrolofitseconomyZHUJian-qiang #32#TheAmericangovernment'sincreasinglywidemacro-adjustmentandcontrolofitseconomybymeansoffinanceandcurrencyareduetotheneedsofmodernmarketeconomicdevelopmentontheonehandandtotheinfluenceofKeynes'-menthasestablishedtheframeandsystemofmacro-adjustmentandcontroloftheeconomy.(7)AsurveyofmotivationsforconvertiblebondfinancingDONGBin,ZHAOHong-ping #38#-iblebonds.(9)AreviewofknowledgecapitalmeasurementtheoryinwesterncountriesQIXiao-yan,HUMing,CHENGJun-yu #42#134
Asknowledgecapitalhasbecomethemostimportantproductiveelement,itisessentialtomeasureanenterprise',-videatheoreticalframeworkofknowledgecapitalmeasurementtheoryonthebasisoftheevolvementofthetheoryinwesterncountries.(10)AcaseresearchontheconstructionofthequalifiedteamofscientistsandtechniciansWANGYing #46#-nomicsociety,enoughattentionshouldbepaidtotheinputofR&Dfundsastotheconstructionofbasicfacilities;theinitia-tivesofgovernmentandenterprisesshouldbebroughtintofullplay,andamanagementsystemandservicemodelintegratedin-tointernationalpracticeofthequalifiedteamofscientistsandtechniciansshouldbeestablishedwithconstantsystematicalcrea-tion.(11)TheideologicalessenceandlimitsofTheBookofRitesMINZhuo #52#,TheBookofRitescontainsmanyelementsoftruthinestablishingthehumanbehavioralnorminsocietyandmodifyingtheirself-cultivation,'.(12)AnanalysisofSengZhao'sTheImmutabilityofThingsCHENLin,DUANFang-le #59#TherehasbeenmuchmisunderstandingonSengZhao',thethesisisneitheraremind-erofNeo-Taoism'stheorywhichlaysemphasisonquiescence,noranotherversionofHinayanaBuddhism'dhyamakaandprajandtriestomakeananalysisonthesignificanceofthetheoryoftheimmutabilityofthings,whichisreallyworththehistoricalevaluationofthe/FounderofSanronSchool0.(13)AnewresearchonthethreeKongbrothersoftheNorthernSongDynastyHUANGHong #64#AccordingtotheHistoryoftheSongDynasty,theGeneralPrcisoftheCompleteLiteraryinFourDivisionsandtheAnnalsofXinyuCountycompiledintheQingDynasty,thethreeKongbrothers(KongWenzhong,KongWuzhongandKongPingzhong)oftheNorthernSongDynastywerenativeofXinyuCounty,-fectureidentifiedthemaspeopleofXiajiangwhiletheQing'-the-spotin-vestigation,,itisnaturaltoconcludethattheirhometownisinXiajiangCounty.(14)AresearchretiringsystemofoncivilofficialsintheMingDynastyGONGXiao-feng #67#,butalsomadegreatinnovations,'sretiringofficialssoastoillustratethefactthatthestandardizationandinstitutionalizationoftheretiringsystemwereseriouslychallengedunderthecen-tralautocraticpower.(15)OnChineseintellectuals'understandingandimaginationofChineseculturein1930s)))-xi,LIMing #72#,,thisbooktypicallyreflectedtheCh-ineseintellectuals'understandingandimaginationofChineseculturewhentheyfacedthewesternpeople.(16)OnthetypeandfeaturesoftheMingnovelsFUCheng-zhou #75#Byadoptingthetheorysofmodernnoveltypes,thisarticledividesthenovelsoftheMingDynastyintofourcategories:le-galcasestories,lovestories,,andalsoontheircreativemeaning.(17)AnascertainmentonthecharacterofGuanSuoinTheRomanceoftheThreeKingdomsOUYANGJian #80#AsfarasTheRomanceoftheThreeKingdomsisconcerned,GuanSuoisnotnecessarilyarealcharacter,,,therewasnotthecharacterofGuanSuo,andhewaslateraddedintothesim-plifiedversions.(18)ZhaoBi'shistoricalcommentsandhistoriographyfeaturesofhisnovelATrialCollectionofStoriesQIAOGuang-hui #86#FromtheangleofZhaoBi'scharacteristicsinhisscholarlywork,,
