캬웕톶 医튽学톧心탄理샭学톧?医튽톧学与폫哲헜学톧(?죋人컄文짧社믡会医튽学톧版냦?)2?0?0?8?年쓪9?月퓂第뗚?29?卷뻭第뗚9?웚期总ퟜ第뗚3?6?4?웚期?人죋的뗄老샏化뮯与폫社짧会믡情쟩绪탷选톡择퓱理샭论싛?컩伍麟①ꋙ?邢小탏킡莉샲①ꋙ?摘햪要튪:ꎺ떱当뷱今쫀世뷧界죋人뿚口샏老쇤龄뮯化듸带살来뗄的훮诸뛠多펰影쿬响죕日틦益쫜受떽到죋人쏇们뗄的맘关힢注폫与훘重쫓视，ꎬ샏老뮯化퇐研뺿究튲也훰逐붥渐돉成캪为탄心샭理톧学家볒맘关注힢的뗄热죈点뗣。ꆣ社짧?会믡情쟩绪탷选톡择퓱理샭论싛是쫇基믹于폚老샏化뮯问컊题쳢而뛸提쳡出돶的뗄一튻个룶新탂理샭论싛。ꆣ总ퟜ结뷡这헢一튻理샭论싛的뗄基믹本놾假볙设짨和뫍理샭论싛框뿲架볜，ꎬ并늢对뛔目쒿前잰有폐关맘此듋理샭论싛的뗄实쪵?证횤研퇐究뺿进뷸行탐了쇋整헻理샭概룅括삨，ꎬ最ퟮ뫳后指횸出돶了쇋该룃领쇬域폲尚짐存듦在퓚的뗄一튻些킩问컊题쳢，ꎬ并늢对뛔未캴来살前잰景뺰进뷸行탐了쇋展햹望췻。ꆣ?맘关键볼词듊:ꎺ샏老뮯化，ꎬ샏老뮯化悖싛论，ꎬ짧社믡会쟩情탷绪톡选퓱择샭理论싛?中훐图춼럖分类샠号뫅ꎺ:?R3?9?5?.ꎮ1??컄文献쿗标뇪识쪶码싫ꎺ:?A?文컄章헂编뇠号뫅:ꎺ1??0?0??2-0?7?7?2? ?(2?0?0??8)? ?9?-0?0?4?8?ꆪ一0?3???A?g?in??g? ?a?nd?? ?So??c?i?o?e?m?o?ti?o?na?l? S??e?le?c?ti?v?it?y?? ?Th?e?o??ry? WꋴU?? L?i?n? ꎮ???????ꆪ??ꎮ?????????ꎦ?????????????????????????????????ꆪ?,XING Xiao-li. Philosophy & Society Academy of Jilin Universi ??ꎬ䍨??杣?????????㊣???????ty, Changchun 130012,China ?A?b?s?t?r?a?c?t:ꎺ ?Wi?t?h? ???????????????????????????????????????????ꆣ?????????????????????????????????????????????????the increase of social meaning of the aging problem, the aging research has gradually become the hot point ??????????????????????????????????????????????????ꎮ???????????????????????????ꎬ????????????????????????????that has drawn much attention from many psychologists. Based on this aging problem, Socioemotional Selectivity Theory ?ha?s?? ??????????????ꎮ?????????????????????????????????ꆣ?????????????????????????????????????????????????ꎬ???????risen recently. To review the historical origin of SST, summaries its foundational hypothesis and formulations, clarifies ?i?ts?? e??m?pi?ri?ca?l? ?re?s?e??ar?c?h?,ꎬ f?i?na?l?ly? ??pr??e?se??nt?s?? ?i?ts?? ?ex?i?s?ti?n?g? p??ro??bl?e?m?s? a?n?d? ??pr??os?p??e?c?t?s? t?h?e?? f?u??t?ur?e? ?i?n? ?t?hi?s?? ?fi?e?l?d.ꎮ? ?Ke??y? ?Wo??r?d?s:ꎺa?g?i?ng?ꎬ???????????????ꎬ????????????????????????????,paradox of aging,socioemotional selectivity theory 社짧会믡情쟩绪탷选톡择퓱理샭论싛(?S?o?c?i?o?e?mo?ti??on?a?l?S?e??le?c?t?i?v?i?ty?? ?Th?e?o?r?y?)?的뗄主훷?的뗄，ꎬ퓙再좥去ힷ追쟳求自ퟔ己벺的뗄目쒿标뇪已틑经뺭"ꆰ쪱时日죕不늻多뛠"ꆱꆣ。퓚在뛔对时쪱间볤的뗄认죏识쪶上짏，ꎬ?要튪代듺表뇭人죋物컯是쫇斯쮹坦첹福뢣大듳学톧的뗄?La?u?r?a??L? ?C?a?r?s?t?e?n?s?e?n?教뷌授쫚，ꎬ룃该샭理싛论最ퟮ?老샏年쓪人죋和뫍年쓪轻쟡人죋的뗄区쟸别뇰不늻在퓚"ꆰ过맽去좥"ꆱ而뛸是쫇"ꆰ现쿖在퓚"ꆱ，ꎬ샏老쓪年죋人듳大多뛠是쫇?初돵是쫇用폃살来뷢解쫍释샏老化뮯中훐的뗄悖论싛问컊题쳢。ꆣ由평于폚年쓪龄쇤的뗄增퓶长뎤，ꎬ老샏年쓪人죋在퓚?现쿖实쪵定뚨位캻的뗄，ꎬ늻不쿱像쓪年쟡轻죋人쓇那퇹样맘关힢注튣遥풶远뗄的캴未살来。ꆣ时쪱间볤流쇷逝쫅的뗄不늻?生짺理샭和뫍一튻些킩心탄理샭机믺能쓜方랽面쏦呈돊现쿖下쿂降붵趋쟷势쫆，ꎬ然좻而뛸在퓚情쟩绪탷方랽面쏦，ꎬ并늢没쎻?可뿉阻ퟨ挡떲对뛔情쟩绪탷体쳥验퇩有폐着ퟅ直횱接뷓影펰响쿬，ꎬ由평于폚不늻需탨要튪关맘注힢未캴来살，ꎬ샏老年쓪人죋?有폐随쯦ퟅ着쓪年쇤龄뗄的퓶增뎤长뛸而돊呈쿖现볲简떥单쿂下붵降쟷趋쫆势ꆣ。탭许뛠多퇐研뺿究뇭表明쏷?口?飞?ꎬ?希쾣望췻生짺命쏼终훕端뛋应펦该룃实쪵现쿖高룟质훊量솿的뗄生짺活믮。ꆣ?헻整个룶成돉年쓪人죋阶뷗段뛎情쟩绪탷幸탒福뢣度뛈是쫇上짏升짽的뗄，ꎬ即벴随쯦着ퟅ年쓪龄쇤的뗄增퓶长뎤，ꎬ人죋的뗄?社짧会믡情쟩绪탷选톡퓱择샭理싛论폃用쪱时间볤뷧界限쿞횪知觉뻵而뛸늻不쫇是实쪵际볊年쓪龄쇤来살解뷢释쫍?情쟩绪탷뫍和탒幸뢣福룐感놣保持돖稳컈定뚨，ꎬ짵甚훁至쫇是쳡提룟高쇋了ꆣ。퇐研뺿究헟者붫将这헢튻一现쿖象쿳称돆?쒿目뇪标뫍和욫偏뫃好뗄的쓪年쇤龄닮差틬异。ꆣ随쯦着ퟅ人죋接뷓近뷼生짺命쏼的뗄终훕端뛋，ꎬ쟩情绪탷目쒿标뇪的뗄?作ퟷ"ꆰ샏老뮯化뗄的悖论싛?(?pa?r??a?d?o?x?o??f? a?g?i?n?g)?"ꆱ?山?。ꆣ?突춻显쿔性탔增퓶加볓，ꎬ뻵觉달察떽到뗄的쪱时볤间쿞限훆制붫将注힢意틢力솦指횸向쿲情쟩绪탷目쒿标뇪，ꎬ因틲此듋与폫?1? 社짧会믡情쟩绪탷选톡择퓱理샭论싛的뗄基믹本놾内쓚容죝?年쓪轻쟡人죋相쿠比뇈，ꎬ샏老쓪年죋人룼更쟣倾쿲向폚于폫与쟩情탷绪짏上폐有틢意틥义뗄的짧社믡会同춬伴냩一튻起웰?쪱时间볤횪知뻵觉뫍和짧社믡会目쒿뇪标쫇是짧社믡会쟩情绪탷选톡择퓱理샭论싛的뗄核뫋心탄概룅念쓮。ꆣ社짧?度뛈过맽，ꎬ뛸而쓪年쟡轻죋人퓚在쪱时볤间쫜受쿞限훆制뗄的쪵实验퇩条쳵件볾下쿂也튲呈돊现쿖出돶这헢种훖倾쟣向쿲。ꆣ?会믡目쒿标뇪分럖为캪两솽种훖功릦能쓜范랶畴돫:ꎺ튻一훖种是쫇与폫获믱得뗃知횪识쪶相쿠关맘的뗄社짧会믡目쒿标뇪，ꎬ?在퓚对뛔社짧会믡同춬냩伴的뗄탄心理샭描쏨述쫶上짏，ꎬ샏老쓪年죋人잿强뗷调뗄的쟩情룐感캬维度뛈要튪多뛠于폚其웤?쇭另튻一훖种쫇是폫与쟩情탷绪맜管샭理쿠相맘关的뗄짧社믡会目쒿标뇪。ꆣ知횪识쪶相쿠关맘的뗄社짧会믡目쒿标뇪指횸?它쯼个룶人죋캬维뛈度，ꎬ평由폚于벲疾늡病뛸而쏦面쇙临짺生쏼命뷡结쫸束뗄的쓪年쟡轻죋人튲也表뇭现쿖出돶了쇋这헢?헫针뛔对于폚톧学习쾰짧社믡会和뫍物컯理샭世쫀界뷧的뗄获믱得뗃性탔行탐为캪。ꆣ广맣义틥上짏，ꎬ쟩情绪탷相쿠关맘?种훖类샠型탍。ꆣ当떱쫔试图춼뷢解决뻶个룶人죋内쓚部늿问컊题쳢时쪱，ꎬ샏老쓪年죋人튲也룼更可뿉能쓜使쪹用폃情쟩?的뗄짧社믡会目쒿뇪标쫇是횸指춨通过맽与폫他쯻人죋交붻往췹来살实쪵现쿖情쟩绪탷状ힴ态첬的뗄优폅化뮯，ꎬ包냼括삨?绪탷关맘注힢策닟略싔。ꆣ因틲듋此，ꎬ샏老뮯化닺产짺生뗄的늻不뛏断뷓接뷼近훕终뛋端뗄的룐感쫜受使쪹人죋们쏇的뗄?寻톰헒找生짺活믮意틢义틥的뗄欲폻望췻、ꆢ믱获뗃得쟗亲쏜密뗄的情쟩感룐和뫍建붨立솢社짧会믡实쪵现쿖的뗄感룐情쟩。ꆣ?쒿目뇪标폅优쿈先权좨发랢生짺了쇋转变뇤，ꎬ벴即쟩情탷绪쒿目뇪标뇤变得뗃更룼重훘要튪，ꎬ듓从뛸而틽引起웰了쇋行탐?짧社会믡情쟩绪탷选톡择퓱理샭论싛认죏为캪，ꎬ쪱时볤间횪知뻵觉是쫇人죋动뚯机믺的뗄组ퟩ成돉部늿分럖，ꎬ펰影响쿬着ퟅ?为캪的뗄变뇤化뮯。ꆣ?짧社믡会目쒿뇪标的뗄톡选퓱择与폫追ힷ求쟳。ꆣ也튲就뻍是쫇说쮵，ꎬ쪱时볤间움评맀估뛔对于폚针헫对뛔特쳘定뚨目쒿?2? 짧社会믡情쟩绪탷选톡择퓱理샭论싛的뗄相쿠关맘研퇐究뺿?뇪标탐行为캪的뗄좨权뫢衡与폫执횴行탐起웰着ퟅ关맘键볼作ퟷ用폃，ꎬ쯼它냯帮훺助죋人们쏇平욽뫢衡远풶期웚与폫近뷼?2?.ꎮ1? 맘关于폚注힢意틢的뗄研퇐究뺿?웚期目쒿标뇪，ꎬ뷸进뛸而폐有킧效适쫊应펦特쳘定뚨环뮷境뺳。ꆣ"ꆰ虽쯤然좻对뛔于폚动뚯机믺来살说쮵，ꎬ‘ꆮ횪知쪶识相쿠?2?.ꎮ 1?.ꎮ ?1 注힢意틢的뗄选톡择퓱性탔?맘关'ꆯ뫍和?‘쯥情탷绪쿠相맘关ꆯ'뿉可쓜能늻不쫇是뫜很뫃好뗄的뇪标잩签ꎬ，떫但컒我쏇们쿠相탅信룹根놾本뗄的启웴发랢?믹基于폚社짧会믡情쟩绪탷选톡择퓱理샭论싛的뗄假볙设짨，ꎬ샏老年쓪人죋较뷏多뛠关맘注힢情쟩绪탷目쒿标뇪，ꎬ?意틢义틥在퓚于폚指횸明쏷朝뎯向쿲目쒿标뇪的뗄行탐为캪过맽程돌，ꎬ룼更重훘要튪的뗄是쫇，ꎬ쪹使뗃得뢴复杂퓓的뗄人죋?尤폈其웤是쫇对뛔促듙进뷸情쟩绪탷目쒿标뇪的뗄信탅息쾢(?通춨常뎣是쫇积믽极벫信탅息쾢)?关맘注힢得뗃更룼多뛠，ꎬ?뗄탐캪퓚릦쓜뗄믹뒡짏뗃틔쟸럖ꎬ평듋뿉틔ퟷ돶튻킩폐폃뗄풤?헢쪹뗃쯻쏇뗄힢틢뛔쿳랢짺뇤뮯ꆣ??????뫍????????????J的行为在功能的基础上得以区分，由此可以作出一些有用的预这使得他们的注意对象发生变化。Mather和Carstensen[5맘关于폚?测닢。ꆣꆱ"[?4?J当떱时쪱间볤被놻知횪觉뻵为캪自ퟔ由평开뾪放럅时쪱，ꎬ目쒿뇪标最ퟮ可뿉能쓜是쫇筹돯备놸性탔的뗄，ꎬ例샽?脸솳部늿图춼쿳象的뗄注힢意틢和뫍记볇틤忆的뗄年쓪龄쇤差닮异틬研퇐究뺿支횧持돖了쇋这헢一튻观맛点뗣。ꆣ他쯻们쏇?如죧，ꎬ탅信쾢息쫕收벯集ꆢ、쳥体퇩验탂新웦奇뫍和삩扩햹展횪知쪶识뗄的맣广뛈度ꆣ。떱当쪱时볤间놻被횪知觉뻵为캪有폐?采닉用폃投춶뗣点检볬닢测的뗄퇐研究뺿范랶式쪽发랢现쿖샏老年쓪죋人뛔对积믽极벫脸솳后뫳呈돊现쿖点뗣的뗄反랴应펦?限쿞时쪱，ꎬ쟩情탷绪쒿目뇪标돉成캪为믹基놾本뗄的ힷ追쟳求，ꎬ맘关힢注폚于죋人쏇们ힷ追쟳求훐中벫极쿫想实쪵现쿖的뗄?쯙速度뛈快뿬于폚消쿻极벫脸솳后뫳呈돊现쿖点뗣的뗄反랴应펦速쯙度뛈，ꎬ而뛸年쓪轻쟡人죋没쎻有폐这헢种훖差닮异틬。ꆣ?目쒿뇪标，ꎬ퓚在헢这훖种쳵条볾件쿂下ꎬ，쒿目뇪标잿强뗷调룐感뻵觉ힴ状첬态，ꎬ폈尤웤其쫇是맜管샭理쟩情탷绪状ힴ态첬?当떱中훐탔性脸솳与폫积믽极벫脸솳配엤对뛔时쪱，ꎬ샏老쓪年죋人更룼맘关注힢积믽极벫的뗄情쟩绪탷脸솳;ꎻ当떱中훐性탔?쪹使之횮达듯到떽幸탒福뢣状ힴ态첬。ꆣ?脸솳与폫消쿻벫极的뗄솳脸配엤对뛔时쪱，ꎬ샏老쓪年죋人룼更맘关힢注훐中탔性솳脸。ꆣ헢这튻一研퇐究뺿在퓚注힢意틢?짧社믡会쟩情绪탷톡选퓱择理샭论싛是쫇一튻种훖社짧会믡动뚯机믺的뗄生짺命쏼全좫程돌理샭论싛，ꎬ认죏为캪?水쮮平욽上짏횤证明쏷了쇋老샏年쓪人죋不늻仅뷶对뛔情쟩绪탷材닄料쇏偏욫爱낮，ꎬ뛸而쟒且뛔对材닄料쇏的뗄情쟩绪탷?时쪱间볤知횪觉뻵뛔对짧社믡会目쒿뇪标的뗄폅优先쿈톡选择퓱和뫍社짧会믡同춬伴냩的뗄选톡择퓱偏욫好뫃发랢挥믓重훘?效킧价볛偏욫向쿲是쫇选톡择퓱性탔的뗄，ꎬ即벴与폫消쿻极벫材닄料쇏相쿠比뇈更룼偏욫向쿲于폚积믽极벫材닄料쇏。ꆣ?튪要影펰响쿬ꆣ。폫与쓪年쟡轻죋人쿠相比뇈，ꎬ샏老쓪年죋人뎣常냑把쯻他쏇们뗄的캴未살来描쏨믦绘为캪有폐限쿞?M??ar?i?s?a?? ?Kn?i?gh?t?等뗈人죋?[6J쪹使用폃眼퇛动뚯仪틇研퇐究뺿了쇋认죏知횪控뿘制훆对뛔老샏年쓪人죋?视쫓觉뻵选톡择퓱性탔注힢意틢的뗄作ퟷ用폃。ꆣ给룸被놻쫔试呈돊现쿖配엤对뛔的뗄情쟩绪탷튻中훐立솢和뫍情쟩绪탷?ꋙ①吉벪林쇖大듳学톧哲헜学톧社짧会믡学톧院풺?벪吉林쇖长뎤春뒺?1??3?00?1?2??튻 一쟩情탷绪的뗄面쏦뿗孔与폫图춼片욬，ꎬ볇记슼录퓚在췪完좫全힢注틢意뫍和럖分샫离힢注意틢的뗄两솽种훖条쳵件볾?48 M??ed??ic?i?n?e? ?a?n?d?? ?Ph?i?lo??so?p?h?y?(? ?H?u?m?a?ni?s?ti?c? ?& S?o?c?i?al? M??e?d?ici?ne? ?E??di?ti?on?)? ꎬ,S?e?p? ??20??08?ꎬ, V?o?l?. ?29? ,ꎬ?N?o?. ?9,ꎬ T?o??ta?l? N??o.? ?36?4??
캬웕톶 人죋的뗄老샏化뮯与폫社짧会믡情쟩绪탷选톡择퓱理샭论싛一ꆪ一ꆪ伍컩?麟等뗈?튽医学톧?与哲헜学톧(?죋人文컄社짧会믡?K学톧版냦?)2?0?0?8?年쓪9?月퓂第뗚2?9?뻭卷第뗚9?웚期总ퟜ第뗚3?6?4?期웚?쿂下被试쫔뗄的陀쫓视쒣模式쪽。ꆣ结뷡果맻发랢现쿖在퓚注힢怠틢分럖离샫的뗄条쳵件볾下쿂，ꎬ受쫜到떽分럖心탄??53?岁쯪)?뫍和샏老쓪年人죋(?6?5??~ ?85?쯪岁)?三ퟩ组놻被쫔试맛观看뾴积믽极벫、ꆢ훐中탔性和뫍消쿻极벫?잪任컱务的뗄影펰响쿬，ꎬ샏老쓪年죋人폐有쿞限的뗄注意틢资源풴?里有폐可뿉能쓜指횸向쿲消쿻极벫剌듌激벤。ꆣ?图춼片욬，ꎬ쯦随뫳后뗄的좽再죏认뫍和믘回틤忆닢测쫔试뇭表明쏷，ꎬ뺡尽맜管퓙再죏认뫍和믘回틤忆뗄的ퟜ总体쳥成돉绩벨?研퇐究뺿랢发쿖现.ꎮ죏认횪知뿘控훆制닢测퇩验뗃得럖分룟高뗄的샏老쓪年놻被쫔试뇈比뗃得럖分低뗍的뗄老샏年쓪被놻?随쯦年쓪龄쇤퓶增볓加뛸而쿂下降붵，ꎬ떫但쫇是놻被쫔试뛔对믽积벫极닄材쇏料폫与쿻消벫极材닄料쇏的뗄再퓙认죏和뫍?试쫔表뇭现쿖出?l!잿!뗄:믽强的벫积킧极펦效ꎬ应벴，믽即벫积탅极쾢的볇息记뗃得룼更뛠多ꎮ.쿻消벫极탅信쾢息볇记뗃得?记볇忆틤比뇈率싊却좴随쯦年쓪龄쇤的뗄增퓶加볓而뛸增퓶加볓。ꆣ?20?0?4?年쓪M?a?t?h?e?r?和뫍C?a?r?s?t?e?n?s??更쪷?少짙。ꆣ虽쯤然좻老샏年쓪人죋总ퟜ体쳥认죏知횪资源풴较뷏少짙，ꎬ?但他쯻们쏇用뒨一튻种훖H??뇪标一튻致훂??m?等뗈?门。?在춬同퇹样뗄的쪵实퇩验쳵条볾件쿂下ꎬ，폃用쫂事볾件릦功쓜能듅磁릲共헱振돉成쿱像틇仪살来测닢试쫔?뗄的方랽式쪽将붫这헢些킩资源풴볓1JQ틔以分럖配엤.ꎮ듓从?而쓜能릻够돉成功릦地뗘对뛔情쟩绪탷进뷸行탐管맜理샭，ꎬ?杏탓仁??核뫋的뗄活믮动뚯，ꎬ뷡结맻果发랢现쿖，ꎬ쯤虽좻然샏老年쓪人죋?(?7?0?~?90?岁쯪)?뫍和쓪年쟡轻人죋?0?8??춬同时??保놣持돖积믽极벫的뗄情쟩绪탷体쳥验퇩。ꆣ?2?9?쯪岁)??对믽积벫极뫍和쿻消벫极?阁쿱像뗄的탓杏죊仁뫋核믮活뚯动뚼都比뇈中훐性탔图춼像쿱的뗄杏탓仁죊??2.ꎮ ?1.ꎮ 2? 对뛔于폚J돖手탸续탔性힢注意틢的뗄研퇐究뺿?核뫋活믮动뚯要튪强잿，ꎬ떫但쫇是샏老쓪年죋人뛔对믽积벫极춼图쿱像뗄的탓杏죊仁뫋核믮活动뚯显쿔著훸高룟于폚消쿻?老샏年쓪人죋对뛔悄쟩绪탷积믽极벫剌듌激벤有폐注힢意틢偏욫向쿲，ꎬ但떫也튲有폐特쳘殊쫢的뗄悄쟄况뿶‘ꎬ对뛔?벫极图춼쿱像的뗄杏탓仁죊核뫋活믮动뚯，ꎬ뛸而쓪年쟡轻죋人좴却쎻没폐有헢这훖种쟩情况뿶。ꆣ这헢些킩发랢现쿖说쮵?情쟩绪탷材닄料쇏的뗄最ퟮ初돵检볬测닢就뻍是쫇其웤中훐之횮一튻。ꆣ?Rö?s?l?er?，ꎬC?l?ri?ch?,ꎬ ?Bi?l?l?in?o和뫍?明쏷了쇋老샏年쓪人죋对뛔情쟩绪탷材닄料쇏的뗄记볇忆틤是쫇存듦在퓚积믽极벫效킧应펦的뗄。ꆣ?S?t?c?r?z?c?r?等뗈人죋口?的뗄眼퇛动뚯研퇐究뺿区쟸分럖了쇋最ퟮ初돵的뗄视쫓觉"뻵?2볤1时힢注틢意与폫指돖续탸性탔??2.ꎮ ?2.ꎮ ?2 工릤作ퟷ记볇忆틤和뫍自ퟔ传뒫体쳥记볇忆틤的뗄研퇐究뺿?注意틢之횮间볤的뗄年쓪龄쇤差닮异틬。ꆣ研퇐究发뺿现랢，쿖对ꎬ于뛔最폚初ퟮ的돵视뗄觉쫓注뻵意힢*)틢，쮮兑쮵，ꎬ年쓪?릤工作ퟷ记볇忆틤是쫇一튻个룶多뛠成돉分럖认죏知횪系쾵统춳，ꎬ它쯼涉짦及벰信탅息쾢的뗄短뛌时쪱保놣持돖，ꎬ?轻쟡人죋和뫍老샏年쓪人죋在퓚积믽极벫듌刺벤激뫍和쿻消벫极듌剌벤激上짏的뗄注힢意틢模쒣式쪽没쎻有폐?出现쿖差닮?已틑폐有的뗄实쪵횤证퇐研뺿究듳大뛠多쫽数뾼考달察폯语言퇔和뫍视쫓觉뻵信탅息쾢的뗄工릤作ퟷ记볇忆틤。ꆣ对뛔于폚?异틬.ꎮ뛔对쟩情탷绪탔性듌刺벤激뗄的힢注틢意?思뿠著뛠多于폚中훐性탔刺듌激벤;ꎻ떫但쫇是뛔对폚于돖持탸续性탔注힢?헢这些킩信탅息쾢的뗄工릤作ퟷ记볇忆틤，ꎬ샏老뮯化춨通뎣常是쫇个룶消쿻极벫影펰响쿬因틲素쯘，ꎬ即벴随쯦着ퟅ老샏化뮯?，틢吉살、쮵来ꎬ솽说쓪，쇤两ퟩ年놻龄组쫔被뛔试믽对벫积듌极벤剌뗄激돖的持탸续힢注틢意쎻没폐有돶出쿖现쿔显著훸差닮?릤工作ퟷ记볇忆틤呈돊下쿂降붵趋쟷势쫆，ꎬ떫但쫇是.ꆣ늻不춬同쓪年쇤龄ퟩ组뗄的쟩情탷绪릤工ퟷ作볇记틤忆是쫇否럱也튲?异.ꎮ뛔M积믽极벫刺듌激벤的뗄注意틢时쪱间볤长?于폚中훐性탔刺듌激벤，ꎬ뛸而퓚在消쿻饭벫刺듌激벤「??却좴出돶?쫇是헢这样퇹变뇤化뮯还뮹需탨要튪实쪵验퇩证횤明쏷。ꆣ?Ca?r?s?t?e??ns?e?n?，ꎬM?i?kl?e?s,ꎬ ?La?r??ki?n.ꎬ R?e?u?? 现쿖了쇋年쓪龄쇤羌닮异틬，ꎬ쓪年쟡轻죋人뛔对쿻消벫极듌刺벤激的뗄注힢意틢时쪱间볤明쏷显쿔长뎤于폚老샏年쓪人죋。ꆣ?t?c??r ꆪL?o?r?e?n?z? 1ꆰ1考뾼察달了뚡工릤作ퟷ记볇忆틤中훐情쟩绪탷和뫍视쫓觉뻵信탅息쾢的뗄年쓪龄쇤差닮异틬。ꆣ?另쇭췢外.ꎮ탭许뛠多퇐研뺿究랢发쿖现쓪年쟡轻죋人달察뻵觉췾威킲胁탔性듌剌벤激튪要뿬快于폚웤其他쯻刺듌激벤类샠?发랢现쿖老샏年쓪人죋的뗄视쫓觉뻵工릤作ퟷ记볇忆틤比뇈年쓪轻쟡人죋差닮，ꎬ即벴随쯦着ퟅ老샏化뮯，ꎬ릤工作ퟷ记볇忆틤?型탍.ꎮM?a?t?h?e?r?뫍和?Kn?ig?h?t?l抗뗄的퇐研돤究랢发쿖现샏老쓪年죋人폫与쓪年쟡轻죋人在퓚威췾胁킲察달觉뻵?是쫇下쿂降붵的뗄。ꆣ떫但쫇是쟩情绪탷的뗄工?뚡作ퟷ记볇忆틤并늢没쎻有폐随쯦着ퟅ老샏化뮯而뛸下쿂降붵，ꎬ并늢且쟒?的뗄쫊适应펦性탔优폅势쫆?f'.不늻存듦在퓚差닮异틬。ꆣ?돶出现쿖f?效킧价볛与폫年쓪龄쇤之횮间볤的뗄交붻互뮥效킧应펦。ꆣ在퓚消쿻极벫的뗄情쟩绪탷试쫔验퇩中훐，ꎬ年쓪?샏老쓪年죋人뫍和쓪年쟡轻죋人뛔对쟩情탷绪듌刺벤激뗄的ퟮ最돵初힢注意틢和뫍检测닢与폫情쟩绪탷刺듌激벤?轻쟡人죋的뗄成돉绩벨比뇈老샏年쓪人죋好뫃;ꎻ뛸而퓚在믽积벫极的뗄情쟩绪탷试쫔验퇩中훐，ꎬ샏老쓪年죋人的뗄成돉绩벨?的뗄돖持탸续탔性힢注틢意쫇是폐有닮差틬异뗄的ꆣ。뛔对폚于쟩情탷绪듌刺벤激的뗄最ퟮ돵初볬检测닢和뫍注힢意틢不늻?越뎬过맽了쇋쓪年쟡轻죋人，ꎬ헢这쮵说쏷明쇋了샏老쓪年죋人뗄的쟩情탷绪릤工ퟷ作볇记틤忆也튲表뇭现쿖出돶了쇋积믽?듦在在힡年쓪龄쇤差닮异틬.ꎬ뛸而?对쟄情탷绪듌刺벤激뗄的돖拌탸续性탔注힢意틢是쫇存듦在퓚年쓪龄쇤差异틬的뗄.ꎮ?极벫效킧应펦。ꆣ?튲也就뻍是쫇与폫年쓪轻쟡人죋相뾨?比뇈，ꎬ老샏年쓪人죋不늻会믡驻足ퟣ于폚消쿻极벫信탅息쾢。ꆣ?ퟔ自뒫传쳥体볇记忆틤代듺表뇭쇋f最ퟮ复뢴杂퓓的뗄人죋类샠记볇忆틤，ꎬ쯼它쫇是춨通过맽建붨构릹形탎成돉?2?.ꎮ 1?.ꎮ ?3 볓加릤工方랽式쪽对뛔情쟩绪탷注힢意틢的뗄影펰响쿬?뗄的，ꎬ헻整뫏合쇋了살来ퟔ自늻不춬同쳘特헷征쮮水욽平뗄的탅信쾢息ꆣ。ퟔ自뒫传쳥体볇记틤忆通춨常뎣包냼含몬丰럡?情쟩탷绪듌刺벤激的뗄不늻同춬加볓工릤方랽式쪽对뛔注힢忌틢的뗄影펰响쿬是쫇不늻同춬的뗄，ꎮ情쟩绪탷刺듌?富뢻的뗄情쟩感룐内쓚容죝.ꎬ폐有훺助폚于뛔对发랢生짺在퓚生짺活믮历샺程돌中훐的뗄事쫂件볾进뷸行탐组ퟩ织횯。ꆣ?벤激的뗄自ퟔ뚯动볓加工쿂탐往?往不늻受쫜年쓪龄쇤的뗄影펰响쿬，ꎬ헢这쪱时샏老쓪年죋人뫍和年쓪轻쟡人죋都뚼更룼?自ퟔ뒫传쳥体볇记틤忆훐中뗄的쟩情뷚节뫍和폯语틥义因틲쯘素뛔对于폚老샏化뮯有폐着ퟅ重훘要튪的뗄意틢?倾쟣向쿲폚于消쿻벫极듌刺벤激的뗄힢注틢意뫍和볇记틤忆ꆣ。뛸而쟩情탷绪듌刺벤激的뗄控뿘制훆加볓工릤是쫇存듦在퓚?틥义ꆣ。퇐研뺿究랢发쿖现，ꎬ샏老쓪年죋人퓚在ퟔ自뒫传쳥体볇记틤忆뗄的쟩情뷚节돉成럖分짏上表뇭现쿖很뫜大듳的뗄?쓪年龄쇤差닮异틬的뗄，ꎬ평由폚于쓪年쟡轻죋人뫍和샏老쓪年죋人有뫎不늻同춬的뗄目쒿标뇪偏욫向쿲.ꎮ뛸而这헢种훖目쒿?衰쮥退췋，ꎬ떫但퓚在폯语틥义돉成럖分짏上뇭表쿖现캬维돖持짵甚훁至쳡提룟高ꆣ。自ퟔ뒫传쳥体볇记忆틤通춨常뎣包냼?标뇪偏욫向쿲通춨过맽1튻'짏1뛸上쿂而뗄下的죏认횪知资풴源뿘控훆制ꎬ，듓从뛸而퓚在힢注틢意뫍和볇记틤忆中훐表뇭?含몬丰럡富뢻뗄的쟩情룐感内쓚죝容，ꎬ폐有훺助폚于뛔对랢发짺生퓚在짺生믮活샺历돌程中훐的뗄事쫂件볾进뷸行탐组ퟩ?现쿖出돶来살，ꎬ쯹所틔以퓚在뿘控制훆加볓工릤中훐，ꎬ샏老쓪年죋人比뇈年쓪轻쟡人죋更룼口J能쓜抑틖制훆消쿻极벫剌듌?织횯。ꆣ맘关于폚情쟩绪탷影펰쿬响自ퟔ传뒫体쳥记볇忆틤的뗄哪쓄些킩成돉分럖存듦在퓚许탭多뛠争헹论싛，ꎬ这헢些킩?激벤.ꎮ맘关힢注积믽极벫剌듌激벤。ꆣ?分럖웧歧可뿉能쓜是쫇方랽法램差닮틬异的뗄结뷡果맻，ꎬ튲也뿉可쓜能쫇是퇐研뺿究돉成럖分놾本身짭类샠型탍的뗄差닮?볓加?士랽方쪽式닮差틬异뮹还可뿉以틔很뫜好뫃地뗘解뷢释쫍以틔쿂F三죽种훖情쟩况뿶，ꎬ튻一쫇是分럖心탄?틬异튻:?12J。ꆣ퓚在튻一킩些自ퟔ뒫传쳥体记볇忆틤研퇐究뺿中훐发랢现쿖，ꎬ쟩情탷绪뮽唤탑醒쫂事件볾是쫇非럇常뎣生짺?任죎务컱和뫍完췪全좫注힢忘틢;훐中뗄的닮差틬异ꆣ。在듦分럖，탄心죎任컱务??中?ꎮ，쓏由폚于죏认횪知资풴源的뗄限쿞?动뚯、ꆢ쿪详쾸细뗄的ꎬ，뇭表쏷明쟩情탷绪쳡提짽升ퟔ自뒫传쳥体볇记틤忆훐中뗄的쟩情뷚节돉成럖分。ꆣ떫但另쇭一튻方랽?훆制.ꎮ샏老쓪年죋人뛔对쟩情탷绪材닄料쇏加볓工릤更룼口뿚?J能쓜是쫇自ퟔ动뚯的뗄，ꎬ틲因듋此폫与쓪年轻쟡人죋튻?面쏦，ꎬ퓚在ퟔ自뒫传쳥体볇记틤忆뷭中ꎬ，쟩情탷绪뛔对쳘特뚨定쾸细뷚节뗄的믘回틤忆웰起ퟅ着뢺负面쏦影펰响쿬。ꆣ可뿉?样퇹.ꎮ샏老쓪年죋人뛔对쿻消벫极닄材쇏料뗄的힢注틢意뫍和볇记틤忆成돉绩벨更룼好뫃;ꎻ뛸而퓚在췪完좫全注힢意틢的뗄?以틔쮵说，ꎬ듳大뛠多쫽数뗄的쪵实퇩验쫒室뫍和自ퟔ뒫传쳥体볇记忆틤研퇐究뺿表뇭明쏷，ꎬ쟩情탷绪뛔对쫂事件볾细쾸节뷚?쳵条쪲件쿂下쫜受臼냗仁??뛸而쿂下加ꆻ?뿚工릤影펰响쿬，ꎬ샏老쓪年죋人힢注틢意늢并볇记힡住了쇋룼更多뛠的뗄积믽极벫?的뗄回믘틤忆웰起ퟅ着톡选퓱择탔性펰影쿬响。ꆣ自ퟔ뒫传쳥体볇记틤忆퇐研뺿究中훐还뮹发랢现쿖情쟩绪탷日쒿标뇪会믡?材닄料쇏。ꆣ?J是쫇认죏知횪控뿘制훆测닢验퇩뗃得럖分룟高뗄的샏茬쓪年被놻试쫔比뇈得뗃分럖低뗍的뗄老샏年쓪被놻?펰影响쿬记볇忆틤歪췡曲쟺的뗄方랽向쿲。ꆣK?e?n?n?e?d?y?ꎬ，M?a?t?h?e?r?뫍和C?a?r?s?t?e?n?se?n?[?1?3]的뗄追ힷ?试쫔记볇忆틤的뗄积믽벫极탅信쾢息记볇更룼多뛠，ꎬ뛸而쿻消벫极탅信쾢息볇记룼更少짙ꆣ。ꇶ二쫇是뛔对情쟩绪탷材닄?踪ퟙ研퇐究뺿发랢现쿖，ꎬ퓚在뿘控훆制쳵条볾件ퟩ组벴即自ퟔ由평回믘忆틤个룶人죋信탅息쾢条쳵件볾下쿂，ꎬ老샏年쓪人죋?料쇏的뗄最ퟮ初?j检볬测닢注힢意틢和룉?持돖续탸탔性힢注틢意횮之间볤的뗄差닮异틬。ꆣ在퓚社짧会믡情쟩绪탷选톡择퓱?뇭表现쿖出돶积믽极벫效킧应펦，ꎬ쓪年쟡轻죋人뇭表쿖现出돶消쿻极벫偏욫向쿲。ꆣ与폫关맘注힢准ힼ确좷性탔相쿠比뇈，ꎬ?理샭论싛中훐，ꎬ쟩情绪탷?U标뇪뛔对老샏年쓪人죋的뗄影펰响쿬主훷要튪是쫇通춨过맽自ퟔ七?而뛸下쿂的뗄控뿘制훆?맘关힢注쟩情탷绪的뗄老샏年쓪죋人和뫍年쓪轻쟡죋人퓚在回믘틤忆룶个人죋信탅息쾢时쪱都뚼表뇭现쿖出돶了쇋积믽极벫?ꆮ方式쪽뷸进탐行的뗄，ꎬ헢这뻍就쓜能뫜很뫃好뗘地뷢解쫍释쯦随ퟅ着年쓪龄쇤增퓶长뎤，ꎬ믽积벫极볇记틤忆캬维持돖恒뫣?效킧应튲，ꎬ뛸而쿻消쾭极욫偏쿲向뷏较짙少ꆣ。헢这킩些쮵说明쏷老샏年쓪人죋存듦在퓚积믽极벫效킧应펦，ꎬ而뛸这헢种훖?定뚨.ꎮ웤其至쫇是쳡提룟高了쇋.ꎮ뛸而쿻消쾭极볇记忆틤下쿂降붵这헢一튻现쿖象쿳。ꆣ?效킧应펦能쓜够릻由평动뚯机믺状ힴ态첬进뷸行탐解뷢释쫍，ꎬ튲也就뻍是쫇说쮵，ꎬ샏老쓪年죋人뷏较쓪年轻쟡人죋更룼易틗?2?.ꎮ ?2 关맘于폚记볇忆틤的뗄研퇐究뺿?以틔믽积벫极的뗄쟩情탷绪回믘틤忆过맽去좥，ꎬ샏老쓪年죋人뗄的믽积벫极욫偏쿲向랴反映펳了쇋管맜理샭情쟩绪탷的뗄?记볇틤忆놾本짭身늻不쫇是简볲?币的뗄提쳡取좡.ꎮ而뛸쫇是当떱前잰H쒿标뇪影펰响ꋲ쿲过맽去좥的뗄一튻个룶?动뚯机믺。ꆣ?复뢴퓓杂붨建쪮向릴맽过돌程.ꎮ쟩情탷绪죕门뇪标뗄的맘关?注쪹使샏老쓪年죋人뇈比쓪年쟡轻人죋更룼偏욫向쿲于폚积믽?3? 캴未살来研퇐究뺿领쇬域폲?极냥位탅息쾢的뗄记볇忆틤。ꆣ?쒿日잰前ꎬ，맘关폚于짧社믡会쟩情탷绪톡选퓱搭샭理싛论뗄的퇩验횤证훷主튪要살米풴源폚于뺭经验퇩资料쇏??2.ꎮ2?.ꎮ ?1 记볇忆틤中훐的뗄.ꆰ.믽积벫极效킧应펦"ꆱ?的뗄쫕收벯集ퟜ总뷡结뫍和뛔对샏老쓪年죋人폫与쓪年쟡轻죋人늿部分럖认죏知횪过맽程돌领쇬域폲的뗄实쪵验퇩研퇐?在퓚许탭多뛠悄쟄绪탷材닄料쇏的뗄记볇忆틤中훐，ꎬ폴那랢发쿖现了쇋积믽极벫效킧应펦，ꎬ쯼它쫇是指횸老샏年쓪?究뺿，ꎬ뛔对폚于튻一킩些컊问쳢题뗄的퇐研뺿究늢并쎻没폐有뗃得到떽一튻致훂结뷡论싛，ꎬ뮹还탨需튪要对뛔更룼多뛠的뗄?人죋쟩情탷绪탅信쾢息뗄的볓加?工캬维持돖得뗃较뷏好뫃.ꎮ폈尤웤其ퟣ是샏老쓪年죋人뛔对쟩情绪탷信탅息쾢尤폈其웤?研퇐뺿究加볓以틔验퇩证횤。ꆣ而뛸쟒且目쒿前잰研퇐究뺿本ꎮ놾身짭也튲存듦在퓚一튻些킩局뻖限쿞，ꎬ如죧选톡择퓱的뗄?是쫇믽积벫极탅信息쾢的뗄加볓짏L维캬付돖得뗃较뷏好뫃。ꆣ如죧在죎?Ch?a?r?l?cs??，M?a?t?h?e?r?.ꎬ和뫍?被놻试쫔相쿠对뛔集벯中훐，ꎬ퇐研뺿究쫖手뛎段、ꆢ퇐研뺿究쇬领폲域쿠相뛔对쿁狭窄햭啕ꎬ뮹还탨需튪要뛔对被놻试쫔年쓪???????????lꆾ?0(、arstensen'2?0?0?3?年쓪的뗄研퇐究뺿中훐，ꎬ年쓪轻쟡人죋(l??8?ꆪ~2?9?岁쯪)?、ꆢ中훐年쓪人(죋'i??l?龄쇤特쳘征헷及ꎮ벰其웤쯼它쳘特征헷进뷸行탐扩삩展햹，ꎬ럡丰뢻富퇐研뺿究쫖手뛎段和뫍研퇐究뺿领쇬域폲。ꆣ从듓生짺?M??e?di?ci?n?e? ?an?d? ??Ph??il?os?o?p?h?y?(? H??u?m?a?n?is?ti?c &ꎦ S??oc?i?al? ?M?e?di?ci?n?e? ?E?di?ti?o?n)? ,ꎬS?e?p?? 2??00?8?,ꎬ V?o?l?. ?29?ꆣ, ?N?o?. 9?ꆣ, T?o?t?a?l? N??o.? ?36?4? ?49
캬웕톶 人죋的뗄老샏뮯化与폫社짧会믡情쟩绪탷选톡择퓱理샭论싛ꆪꆪ伍컩?麟等뗈?医튽学톧与폫哲헜学톧(?죋人컄丈짧社믡会医튽톧学版냦)?2?0?08?年쓪?9月퓂第뗚?29?岳뻭第뗚?9期웚总ퟜ第뗚?36?4?期웚?理샭机믺制훆角뷇뛈度샭理뷢解샏老뮯化맽过돌程죧如뫎何펰影쿬响쟩情绪탷功릦能쓜和뫍认죏知횪功릦能쓜很뫜有폐必뇘?aging and early suhcortical vascular dementia[J]. Journal of Neuro-logical Sciences,2005, (229-230): 109-116. 要튪。ꆣ目쒿前잰对뛔쟩情탷绪짱神뺭经机믺制훆的뗄研퇐究뺿主훷要튪集벯中훐于폚杏탓仁죊核뫋、ꆢ前잰额뛮叶튶皮욤?[8Jι1ather M, Knight M. Angry faces get noticed quickly: threat de›质훊(??th?e? ??pr?e?f?r?o?n?t?a?I? c?o??r?te?x?,ꎬ ?PF?C?)?뫍和듳大脑쓔两솽半냫球쟲，ꎬ헢这킩些区쟸域폲随쯦老샏化뮯?tection s not impaired among older adults[JJ. The J ournals of Ger 变뇤化뮯的뗄趋쟷势쫆还뮹没쎻有폐完췪全좫弄얪清쟥楚돾，ꎬ폈尤其웤是쫇?P?FC?和뫍大듳脑쓔两솽半냫球쟲的뗄作ퟷ?用폃机믺制훆。ꆣ?ontology, 2006, (61) : 54 -57 [9J Charles S T，且!latherM, Carstensen L L. Focusing on the positive: 参닎考뾼文컄献쿗?Age differences in memory for positive, negative, and neutral stimuli ?[l?J?? C?a??r?st?e?n?s?e?n?? L? ?L?,ꎬ P?a??su?p?a??th?i? M?,ꎬ ?M?ay?r? ?Uꎬ, N?e??ss?e?l?r?o??ad?e?? ?J? ?R.ꎮ ?Em??o? ?ti?o?[JJ. 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L?.ꎮ G?r?o?w??ing?? o?l?d? l?i?v?in?g? lo??ng?:ꎺ t?ak??e? y?o?u?r? ?p?ic?k뿚[J?J.ꎮ ?Is??su?e?s?? tive versus visual information with age[J]. Psychology and Aging, ?????????????????????????ꎬ????ꎬ????ꎺ??ꆪ??ꎮ?in Science and Technology, 2007, (23) : 41 -50. 2005,20(4) :542-553 ?[4?J? C?a?r?s?t?e?n?s?e?n?? L?? L?ꎬ,?I?s?aa?c?o?w?i?tz?? ?D? M? ,ꎬ C?h?a?r?l?e?s? ?S ?T?.ꎮ ?Ta?k?i?ng?? ?Ti?me?? ?Se??ri? [12J Peggy L. Jacques St, Levine B. Ageing and autobiographical mem o?u?s?l?y:ꎺ A? ??Th?e?o?r?y?? o?f? S??oc??io?e?mo?t?i?o?na?l? ?Se??lec??ti?vi?ty?.ꎮ [?1??] A??me?r?i?c?an?? ?Ps?y?? ory for emotional and neutral events口,2007, (15): 130. c??h?o?l?o?g?i?st?ꎬ, 1??9?99?,ꎬ ?(5??4?):ꎺ ?1?66?.ꎮ? [l3J Kennedy Q, Mather M, Carstensen L L. The role of motivation in ?[5?J? ?M?a?th?e??r? ?Mꎬ,?Ca??r?s?te?n?s??en?? L? ?L?.ꎬ A??g?in??g? a??n?d? ?at?t?e?n?t?i?on?a?l? b?i?as?e??s? f?or? e?m?o?? ????????????ꎮ?????????????????ꎬ????ꎬ????ꎺ???ꆪ???ꎮ?the age-related positive bias in autobiographical memory[J]. Psy tional faces[JJ. Psychological Science, 2003,(4) : 409 -415. chological Science, 2004 , (1日:208←214.[?6?J? K?n?i?g?h?t ?M?,ꎬ ?Se??y?m?o?u?r? ?T ??L,ꎬ ?Ga?u?n?t? ?J? ?T,ꎬe??t a?l?.ꎮ ?Ag?i?n?g? a??n?d? G??o?a?l-D?i? 作者简介:伍麟0975-)，男，江西德安人，吉林大学心理学系副教授，研r?e??ct??ed?? E?m?o?t?i?o?n?al?? A?t?t?e?n?t?i?o?n?:ꎺ D??i?s뛾?t?ra?c??ti?o?n?? R?e?뿚v??e?rs?e?s?? E?m?o?t?i?o?뿚?na?l?? ?B?i?a뿚s??e?s? ퟷ뺿볓쫕룥탞믘?究方向·理论心理学。?[J?J?.ꎮ ?E?mo??ti?o?n,ꎬ 2?0?0?7?,ꎬ (?7??):ꎺ 7??0?5ꆪ-7?1?4?.ꎮ? ????????????ꎬ??????ꎬ???????ꎬ?????ꎮ????????????????????????收稿日期:2008-06-20[7J R sler A, Ulrich C, Billino J, et al. Effects of arousing emotional ???????????????????????????????????????????????????ꎺ?????????????修回日期:2008-08-09{责任编辑:赵明杰}scenes on the distribution of visuospatial attention: changes with .ꎮ횷..\ILꆪ..?.\IL...\IL.ꎮ.?.\IL...\ILꎮ-.횷\>ι?」且』ꆪ횷也ꎮ..횷.\ILꎮ.횷..\ILꎮ.횷..\ILꆪ.?..\IꆪL.?..\IꎮL.?..\IꎮL횷~也』ꎮ횷也.ꆪ.?.\IꆪL횷...\IꆪL횷~也ꎮ..횷.\ILꎮ..횷.\IL.ꆪ.횷.\IL.ꆪ.?.\ILꆪ..?.\ILꎮ..횷.\IL...\IL?...\IL...\IL斗ꆪ?'-~也ꎮ』횷ι中ꎮ?'--.\>也』也...\ILꎮ..?.?\IL?...\IL...\IL...\IL...\IL...\IL~也...\IL...\IL...\IL...\IL...\IL...\IL~ι』ι』ι...\IL?(짏上뷓接뗚第?44?页튳}?듋此듎次쫜受퓖灾뗄的폐有뫜很多뛠是쫇学톧生짺，ꎬ쯻他쏇们놾本살来퓚在学톧校킣上짏?7?天쳬、ꆢ튻一룶个퓂月뗈等늻不춬同的뗄阶뷗段뛎，ꎬ룷各룶个뷗阶뛎段폐有늻不同춬的뗄工릤作ퟷ和뫍辅뢨导떼内쓚容죝。ꆣ?课뿎，ꎬ춻突좻然뛸而살来뗄的뗘地헰震ꎬ，쮲瞬볤间냑把벸几닣层슥楼뗄的킣校짡舍震헰塌쯺，ꎬ뫜很뛠多죋人놻被埋싱在퓚?心탄샭理훎治폺愈뻸绝뛔对늻不쫇是一튻服而뛸就뻍的뗄，ꎬ탨需튪要퓚在죕日뎣常짺生믮活中훐给룸予폨受쫜灾퓖者헟?水쮮泥쓠和뫍瓦췟砾샹之횮下쿂。ꆣ好뫃几벸个룶小킡时쪱的뗄挣헵扎퓺和뫍坚볡持돖之횮后뫳，ꎬ쯻他쏇们有폐的뗄被놻?具뻟体쳥的뗄指횸导떼和뫍关맘心탄，ꎬ룸给쯻他쏇们맄鼓샸励，ꎬ뷓接쓉纳늢并뒦处샭理쯻他쏇们돶出쿖现뗄的튻一些킩烦랳?成돉功릦救뻈出돶，ꎬ폐有뗄的좴却폀永풶远地뗘倒떹下쿂了쇋oꆣ面쏦对뛔着ퟅ幸탒存듦者헟，ꎬ헢这킩些듓从룖钢筋뷮水쮮?躁퓪和뫍反랴社짧会믡的뗄行탐为캪，ꎬ헢这킩些都뚼是쫇需탨要튪救뻈援풮者헟事쫂先쿈做ퟶ好뫃准ힼ备놸的뗄。ꆣ?泥쓠里샯爬엀出돶来살的뗄孩몢子ퟓ，ꎬ뿕空뚴洞뗄的퇛眼짱神，ꎬ닐残쇴留ퟅ着몦害엂怕뫍和뿖恐뻥惧的뗄光맢芒쎢。ꆣ我컒?第뗚四쯄，ꎬ헢这듎次퓖灾쓑难뛔对폚于웕普춨通죋人살来쮵说，ꎬ튲也쫇是튻→듎次놦宝맳贵뗄的自ퟔ我컒反랴思쮼?们쏇要튪怎퓵퇹样才닅能쓜抚뢧욽平他쯻쏇们心탄쇩灵的뗄创뒴伤짋?他쯻们쏇亲쟗历샺了쇋生짺死쯀一튻线쿟的뗄巨뻞?经뺭验퇩。ꆣ引틽发랢人죋们쏇重훘新탂思쮼考뾼人죋生짺，ꎬ움评맀估짺生쏼命的뗄价볛值횵和뫍意틢义틥，ꎬ쮼思考뾼人죋?大듳灾퓖难쓑，ꎬ쟗亲퇛眼쒿目뛃睹쇋了춬同냩伴的뗄逝쫅去좥，ꎬ뾴看떽到돇城쫐市巨뻞大듳的뗄创뒴伤짋，ꎬ죋人们쏇流쇷?生짺的뗄问컊쳢题。ꆣ뛔对于폚我컒们쏇追ힷ求쟳的뗄价볛值횵和뫍目쒿标뇪，ꎬ훘重탂新뾼考虑싇和뫍权좨衡뫢。ꆣ我컒?离샫쪧失所쯹，ꎬ떽到뒦处뚼都쫇是놯悲춴痛뗄的뺰景쿳象。ꆣ헢这킩些成돉年쓪人죋都뚼难쓑以틔承돐受쫜的뗄东뚫西컷，ꎬ?们쏇活믮着ퟅ到떽底뗗是쫇为캪了쇋什쪲么쎴、ꆢ죧如맻果쏷明쳬天뻍就离샫开뾪这헢个룶世쫀界뷧，ꎬ컒我쏇们쓜能릻够做ퟶ?全좫部늿加볓훮诸到떽孩몢子ퟓ身짭上짏，ꎬ헢这믡会쫇是뛠多쎴么뻞巨듳大뗄的탄心샭理톹压솦力和뫍痛춴苦뿠!?地뗘?到떽쎻没폐有틅遗몶憾?컒我쏇们每쎿一튻个룶人죋都뚼应펦该룃重훘新탂去좥思쮼考뾼这헢个룶问컊题쳢，ꎬ也튲许탭?震헰后뫳给룸孩몢子ퟓ做ퟶ心탄理샭创뒴伤짋治훎疗쇆的뗄问컊题쳢值횵得뗃关맘注힢。ꆣ?会믡有폐不늻同춬的뗄答듰案낸。ꆣ?第뗚一튻，ꎬ쎽媒쳥体놨报뗀道和뫍社짧会믡宣탻传뒫时쪱，ꎬ一튻定뚨要튪谨뷷慎짷，ꎬ不늻要튪过맽于폚放럅大듳。ꆣ?헢这次듎突춻如죧其웤来살的뗄大듳地뗘震헰，ꎬ뻍就쿱像벸几쓪年前잰的뗄美쏀国맺ꆰ"9?.ꆤ1?1?一튻样퇹，ꎬ给룸?并늢不늻是쫇所쯹有폐的뗄人죋经뺭历샺过맽大듳灾퓖难쓑之횮后뫳，ꎬ都뚼一튻定뚨会믡留쇴下쿂心탄理샭阴틵影펰。ꆣ?人죋们쏇带듸来살恐뿖慌믅、ꆢ틖抑폴郁、ꆢ듬挫냜败ꆢ、컞无훺助뗈等뗈等뫜很뛠多뢺负쏦面뗄的쟩情탷绪。ꆣ大듳地뗘震헰?有폐킩些人죋心탄튻理샭?承돐受쫜ꆫ能쓜튻力?솦和뫍调뗷튻节뷚能쓜力튻솦比뇈较뷏튻强잿，ꎬ随쯦튻着ퟅ时쪱间볤튻的?뗄推췆移ꆫ틆，튻ꎬ他쯻慢싽?带来的心理危机会在一定时间、一定范围内存在，我们需要时慢싽地뗘就뻍能쓜自ퟔ己벺度뛈过맽这헢룶个难쓑맘关。ꆣ事쫂实쪵짏上듳大늿部럖分人죋뚼都具뻟有폐这헢种훖自ퟔ我컒?间，有组织、有计划地去开展心理危机干预工作，对受灾者开展调뗷节뷚的뗄能쓜力솦，ꎬ쓜能릻够믖恢뢴复ퟔ自벺己쓚内탄心뗄的욽平뺲静뫍和욽平뫢衡。ꆣ뛔对폚于一튻些킩受쫜心탄?心理咨询、心理辅导。理샭创뒴伤짋比뇈较뷏严퇏重훘，ꎬퟔ自컒我쎻没폐有냬办램法췪完좫全믖恢复뢴的뗄人죋，ꎬ컒我쏇们펦应룃该给룸予폨更룼?参考文献뛠뗄맘힢뫍횧돖ꎬ냯훺쯻쏇ퟟ돶탄쇩삧뺳ꆣ?튻듸튻살뗄탄샭튻캣믺믡퓚튻뚨쪱볤ꆢ튻뚨랶캧쓚듦퓚ꎬ컒쏇탨튪쪱?볤ꎬ폐ퟩ횯ꆢ폐볆뮮뗘좥뾪햹탄샭캣믺룉풤릤ퟷꎬ뛔쫜퓖헟뾪햹?탄샭톯ꆢ탄샭뢨떼ꆣ?닎뾼컄쿗??[I?J?? 헔赵国맺秋쟯.ꎮ?心?理?샭危캣机믺干预폚技풤术벼[쫵J?]??.ꎮ훐中맺国全좫科뿆医튽学톧，ꎬ?2?00?8?ꎬ，(?1?)?:ꎺ4??5ꆪ-4?7?.ꎮ? 多的关注和支持，帮助他们走出心灵困境。뗚뛾ꎬ닎폫뻈훺뫍뻈풮뗄죋ꎬ펦룃쫇쫜맽통솷뗄튵죋풱ꆣ?[?2?J?? 赵헔?욼萍.ꎮ心탄理샭危캣机믺干룉预풤及벰实施쪵[쪩J??]?ꎮ.웫齐웫齐맾哈尔뛻医튽学톧院풺学톧报놨，ꎬ?2?00?7?ꎬ，?第二，参与救助和救援的人，应该是受过训练的专业人员o폐킩죋싺잻죈쟩ꎬ쎻폐튵뗄탄샭뢨떼벼쫵뫍ퟣ릻뗄탄샭ힼ놸ꎬ?(??3?)?:ꎺ ?1? 5??8?9ꆪ-1?? ?59??1.ꎮ? 有些人满腔热情，没有专业的心理辅导技术和足够的心理准备，듒듒쎦쎦뗘뻍떽뗚튻쿟좥쇋ꆣ뷡맻좴틲캪컞램돐쫜뻞듳퓖몦듸??[3?J? 李샮权좨超뎬，ꎬ췵王펦应文컄军ꎮ뻼人心죋理탄应샭激펦与벤心폫理탄危샭机캣干믺预[룉J풤]??.?ꎮ临쇙床뒲心탄身짭疾벲病늡?匆匆忙忙地就到第一线去了。结果却因为无法承受巨大灾害带살뗄톹솦ꎬ돉쇋ꆰ뛾듎뒴짋ꆱ뗄쫜몦헟ꆣퟶ탄샭펦벱룉풤뗄죋ꎬ펦?퓓杂志횾，ꎬ?20?0?6?ꎬ，?(2?)?:ꎺ1??3?6ꆪ-1?3?8?.ꎮ? 来的压力，成了"二次创伤"的受害者。f放心理应急干预的人，应룃훁짙뻟놸틔쿂쳵볾ꎺ뷓쫜맽튵뗄탄샭캣믺룉풤ꆢ뷏잿뗄탄샭?ퟷ作者헟简볲历샺:ꎺ许탭建붨阳퇴(?1??9?6?2?-)?，ꎬ쓐男ꎬ，커武뺯警ퟜ总튽医풺院훐中컷西튽医뷡结合뫏科뿆、ꆢ탄心샭理뿆科和뫍康뾵?该至少具备以下条件:接受过专业的心理危机干预、较强的心理复理疗科教授，主任医师、博士生导师，研究方向z中西医结合、医学心理承돐受쫜能쓜力솦(?쓜能릻够쏦面对뛔真헦实쪵的뗄灾퓖难쓑场뎡景뺰、ꆢ血톪腥탈环뮷境뺳)?、ꆢ듋此뿌刻ퟔ自컒我心탄理샭?뢴샭쇆뿆뷌쫚ꎬ훷죎튽쪦ꆢ늩쪿짺떼쪦ꎬ퇐뺿랽쿲ꎺ훐컷튽뷡뫏ꆢ튽톧탄샭?子톧。ꆣ?健붡康뾵(?쎻没폐有샠类쯆似的뗄心탄理샭创뒴伤짋经뺭验퇩)?。ꆣ参닎与폫救뻈助훺的뗄人죋，ꎬ自ퟔ己벺也튲是쫇人죋，ꎬ?쫕收稿룥日죕期웚:ꎺ?2?00?8?ꆪ一0?7?ꆪ←?10??튻一定뚨要튪防럀止횹因틲为캪救뻈人죋而뛸造퓬成돉救뻈人죋者헟的뗄伤짋害몦。ꆣ?탞修回믘日죕期웚:ꎺ?2?0?0??8-?0?8ꆪ-1?5??(?퓰责죎任编뇠辑벭:ꎺ赵헔明쏷杰뷜)?第뗚兰죽，ꎬ탄心샭理캣危믺机룉干풤预탨需튪要쪱时볤间和뫍맽过程돌，ꎬ뻸绝늻不쫇是튻一솽两天쳬就뻍能쓜完췪?成돉的뗄。ꆣ根룹据뻝灾퓖难쓑发랢生짺之횮后뫳的뗄时쪱间볤推췆移틆，ꎬ탄心샭理캣危믺机干룉预풤分럖为캪3?天쳬、ꆢ??50? ??M?ed??i?ci?n??e ?a?n?d?? ?P?hi?l?o?s?op?h??y(? ?H?u?m?a?ni?s?ti?c? ?& ?So?c?i?al? M??ed??ic?i?n??e? E?d?i?t?i?on?)? ꎬ,?S?ep?? ?20?0?8?ꎮ, V??ol?. 2?9?,ꆣ ?N?o?. ?9.ꎬ ?T?o?ta?l? ?N。?、ꎮ?36?4??
