2011୍8ᄅঘנૅᇝ࣮Aug12011 ֻ33ज ֻ4௹JournalofLatinAmericanStudiesVol133 No14#ঘૅݓࡅགྷս߄ࣉӱህี#Ֆ/ࣉ१ูս0֞/ԛ१֝ཟ0:ঘૅݓࡅ۽ြ߄ଆൔ֥ሇ苏振#්ᆒྖ ᅦ Ⴇ兴 ଽಸิေ张 /去工业化0现象是导致拉美国家20多年经济滑坡最直接的原因,而/去工业化0现象的深层背景则源于工 业化模式转型的历史性延误b从/进口替代0到/出口导向0,拉美国家虽然经历了艰难曲折,但最终能够实现这一转型勇也为在新的国际环境下重振工业化奠定了必要的基础b从当前的情况看,由于国际市场对资源类产品的需求持续旺盛,对 从外开放的进程不断深化,拉美国家所实行的发挥非熟练劳动力和自然资源等静态比较优势的/生产专门化0模式对拉动经j进济增长产生了积极的作用b但是,拉美国家也面临现有产业国际竞争相对较弱,产品出口受外部市场波动的影响较大,高口新技术产业发展滞后,工业部门创造就业的能力不强,工业技术设备对外依赖的程度有所加深b因此,如何克服这些弱替代点,使现有工业化模式不断走向完备与成熟,仍是拉美国家面临的一大挑战,进而产业政策的回归也成为客观要求bkܱՍ 进口替代到 出口导向 拉美国家 工业化模式j出口 20ൗࡀ֥ቋު20,୍ঘૅݓࡅ֥གྷս߄ࣉӱ௧ሼഈࢲܒڿ۪ᆭਫ਼,ѩЎֹ࡛ࣜࠎЧປӮႮ导ԛགྷਔ၂Ցᇗնկᅼ,ᇶေіགྷູ۽ြ߄ࣉӱ֚向/ࣉ१ูս0ཟ/ԛ१֝ཟ0۽ြ߄ଆൔ֥ሇbkaࣜ࠶ӻ࿃߁aഠ߶ڶٳ߄ॢభࡆख\,֩ঘૅݓࡅ֥ᆃ۱ሇݖӱೂݔՖ70୍սᇏ௹ᇆ০फᆟکੱ༵ఓࢲܒڿ۪ෘఏ,భުࣜਔ拉֩bؓᆃ၂ൎགྷའ֥࣮൞ঘૅགྷս߄࣮ᇏ၂35୍ቐႷ美۱҂ಸ߭х֥ᇗေज़ีbࣜ࠶࠹ඔऌіૼ,ᄝֻ֥ൈࡗ国;ೂݔ۵ᇝ֥ݢݓބຖֹ֩ᄪᄝ60୍家ؽՑൗࢸնᅞࢲඏᆭ工,ުหљ൞ᄝ1950~1980୍սԚࣼཟԛ१֝ཟሇཌྷб,ᄵ༂ਔ40؟୍b业֥30୍ࡗ,ঘૅݓࡅ֥۽ြ߄ؿᅚࣜਔ၂۱化模式/ߛࣁ௹0bູޅࣉೆ80୍սᆭުࣼಖԛགྷ/ಀ၂ ۽ြ߄֥౷ᅼࣉӱ۽ြ߄的0(desindustrializacin)གྷའ?转ૌࣜݖ࣮ؿགྷ型,ఃൌ,ᄪᄝঘૅݓࡅ۽ြ(၂)ࣉ१ูս۽ြ߄֥/ߛࣁ௹0(1950~߄֥ഈඍ/ߛࣁ௹0ᇏ,၂ӆ۽ြ߄ଆൔ֥າࠏ1980)ၘࣜᇯࡶྙӮbᆃᇕາࠏіགྷູঘૅֹሱ30୍20ൗࡀ30୍ս֥ൗࢸሧЧᇶၬնཡ่ঘૅսၛট෮ൌྛ֥ࣉ१ูս۽ြ߄ଆൔᇯࡶೞാࠃݓࡅ֥ԚࠩӁԛ१֝ཟᄹӉଆൔᄥ൳ᇗԷ,ѩ՜৯҆ٳऎႵԚ҄۽ြࠎԤ֥ݓࡅ(ೂέ۴๓aϘ,Ӊ௹֥ଽཟؿᅚ֝ᇁ၂༢ਙࢲܒྟാޙགྷའ֥ྙӮބࡆखbႨ֒ࣂੀྛ֥іඍٚൔটඪ,ࣼ൞၂༆a༆ۢaᇆ০aঘ݀aۢб֩)ᇯ҄ᇕჰႵ֥ࣜ࠶ᄹӉٚൔၘࣜാི,сྶሇэᄹӉٚሇཟࣉ१ูս۽ြ߄֥ᄪ௹ฐ෬bֻؽՑൗࢸնᅞൔbಖط,ঘૅ۲֒൙ݓᆟکಏᄝᆃ۱ᇗေሇᅼܱ௹ࡗࠣᆜ۱40୍ս,ႮႿটሱૅ֥ᇅӮࣉ११ԛགྷਔथҦഈ֥ാ༂,҂ࣇ༂ਔሇэࣜ࠶ᄹӉೌࡨaၛ୪ঀӁູᇶ֥ᅞሧԛ१َaߛࣁٚൔ֥ൈࠏაຓ߸ԥСӻ࿃ᄹࡆaીႵ൳֞ᅞᆚ֥ᆰࢤߊ֩,ط෮໌/ࢲܒྟؿᅚາࠏ0ࣉ၂҄ധ߄bᆰ֞80୍սԚ௹ᅏༀາࠏЕؿުҌФᇭ؟Ⴕ০่ࡱ֥,ঘૅݓࡅࣉ१ูս۽ြ߄֥Ԛ௹Ӈ൫൞Ӯۿ֥bᅞުԚ௹,ᄝቂᇶၬනӖ௴൬۠ರ௹:2011-04-27ђۚᅨ֥նМࣟ༯,ၛসغ#௴ূົູսі֥ঘቔᆀࡥࢺ:්ᆒྖ,ଳ,ᇏݓഠ߶॓࿐ჽ࿐҆ჴ,ঘנૅᇝૅࢲܒ࿐ஊؓభ௹֥۽ြ߄ൌࣉྛંۀও,ࡼ࣮෮࣮ჴ,Ѱൖള֝ഽ;ᅦႧ,ଳ,ᇏݓഠ߶॓࿐ჽঘנૅᇝ࣮෮ᇹ࣮ჴ,ࣜ࠶࿐Ѱൖb(ᇏݓഠ߶॓࿐ჽঘנૅᇝ࣮ࣉ१ูս۽ြ߄ิശູ၂ᇕ۽ြ߄ଆൔbঘૅ۲ݓ 3෮,Кࣘ 100007)࿃Фजೆ۽ြ߄শӖ,ྙӮᅞުঘૅֹၛࣉ१
ูս۽ြ߄ູᇏྏ֥Ӊղ30୍ӻ࿃aࢠ֥ۚࣜ࠶ڵᄹӉ;ఃؽ,ᄝն؟ඔ୍ٺᇅᄯြᄹӉੱ֮ႿᄹӉ௹b۽ြ߄֥Ӯࣼіགྷᄝᇅᄯြ֥ॹᄹӉӮࣜ࠶ᄹӉ,ੱᆃіૼᇅᄯြຽ෪ၘӮູࣜ࠶ᄹູࣜ࠶ᄹӉ֥ᇶေ౺৯;ᇅᄯြӁᆴᅝGDP֥Ӊ֥ᇶၹbაՎൈ,ᇅᄯြᅝGDP֥бᇗնږ༯бᇗնږิ;ۚ٤ରႨཨٮ۽ြ,ۑํaඣୃaࢆ,Ֆ1980୍֞2009୍༯ࢆ1215۱Ϥٳׄ(߄۽֩ࠎԤ۽ြ,ࠣ҆ٳରႨ۽ြ֥ࡹ৫ބؿ4)bླေ఼טᆷԛ֥൞,ঘૅݓࡅᇅᄯြ҆ԛགྷᅚ;۽ြ҆ࣼြದඔ֥ӻ࿃ᄹࡆ;Ӭ൧߄֥ॹ֥ഈඍэ߄ა۽ြ߄ݓࡅᄝ۽ြ߄ު௹ࢨ؍ࠇު۽ؿᅚ,֩֩bೂ1෮ൕ,1950~1980୍,ঘૅြ߄ൈ௹ԛགྷ֥౦ঃඋႿປಆ҂֥ྟᇉbࠇᆀඪ,ݓࡅࣜ࠶ᄹӉބᇅᄯြᄹӉӯགྷሼ൝,ᇅᄯঘૅݓࡅᆃဢ֥ؿᅚࢨ؍ߎႵཌྷ֒Ӊ֥एbြᄹӉੱᄝն؟ඔ୍ٺۚႿࣜ࠶ᄹӉ,ੱᆃіૼ3 1980~2009୍ঘૅݓࡅࣜ࠶აᇅᄯြᄹӉੱ(%)ᄝࣉ१ูս۽ြ߄ൈ௹ঘૅࣜ࠶ᇶေႮᇅᄯြᄹӉ෮bაՎൈ,ᇅᄯြᅝGDP֥бᇗӯགྷഈശ൝,Ֆ1950୍֥1919%ᄹᇀ1973୍֥2813%,Վުᇅᄯြؿᅚཊೆ๔ᇌࢨ؍(2)b1 1950~1980୍ঘૅݓࡅࣜ࠶აᇅᄯြᄹӉੱ(%)4 1980~2009୍ঘૅݓࡅᇅᄯြӁᆴᅝGDPбᇗ֥э߄(%)2 1950~1980୍ঘૅݓࡅᇅᄯြӁᆴᅝGDPбᇗ֥э߄(%) ᇿ:3a4न҂ݣࡆীбݓࡅb1980~1990୍ࣜ࠶ο1980୍ૅჭ҂эࡎ۬ނෘ;1991~2009୍ඔऌটሱ2010୍ঘૅ࠹୍(ο2000୍ૅჭ҂эࡎ۬ނෘ)bሧਘটჷ:CEPAL,AmricaLatinayelCaribe:SeriesHistricasdeEstadsticasEconmicas1950-2008,2009;CE-PAL,AnuarioEstadsticodeAmricaLatinayelCaribe,20101 ᇿ:1a2न҂ݣࡆীбݓࡅb1950~1970୍ࣜ࠶ο1970୍ૅჭ҂эࡎ۬ނෘ;1971~1980୍ࣜ࠶ο1980୍ૅჭ҂эࡎ۬ނෘbؽ ܱႿ/ಀ۽ြ߄0གྷའ֥ࢳሧਘটჷ:CEPAL,AmricaLatinayelCaribe:SeriesHistricasdeEstadsticasEconmicas1950-2008,20091(၂)ࢲܒྟؿᅚາࠏࠣఃധ߄(ؽ)۽ြ߄ࣉӱ֥౷ᅼ(1980~2010)ൎ֥ࣜဒіૼ,ࣉ१ูս۽ြ߄ቔູ၂ᇕؿԛެದૌყਘ֥൞,ࣉೆ80୍սၛ,ުঘૅֹᅚଆൔႵఃሱദ֥ૼཁअཋྟb২ೂ,ᄝᆃᇕؿᅚயѱ֥۽ြ߄ა໗ק֥ࣜ࠶ᄹӉ൝ಖԛགྷਔଆൔ༯,۽ြӁᆺ૫ཟݓଽ൧ӆ,۽ြളӁၛնሇbऎุіགྷູᇅᄯြᄹӉ؇ᆰཌ༯ࢆ,ᇅؿߨܿଆིၭ;ۚඣ֥൧ӆЌ႕ཙ۽ြࣩᆚ৯ᄯြӁᆴᅝGDP֥бᇗ҂؎ࢆ,֮ࣜ࠶ӻ࿃߁b֥ิശ;۽ြ҆ຓસԅሳ҂؎ഈശ,۽ြ߄ေौೂ3෮ൕ,1980~2009୍ෙಖঘૅࣜ࠶ᄹӉބᇅ୪ঀြ҆ิ܂ຓ߸ᆦӪ,֩֩bᆞ൞ႮႿᆃোअᄯြᄹӉಯಖӯགྷሼ൝,൞ھൈ௹ၘࣜაࣉཋ,ྟ၂Ϯটඪ,ࣉ१ูսଆൔᄝ۽ြ߄Ԛ௹ᄎྛ 4१ูս۽ြ߄ࢨ؍ປಆ҂,ః၂,ࣜ࠶ᄹӉੱބбࢠඨ০,ෛሢൈࡗ֥၍ࣼᇯࡶԛགྷ؟ᇕࢲᇅᄯြᄹӉੱѯږ؇ࡆն,Ⴕ୍ུٺਆᆀनԛགྷܒྟാޙ;ᆃ၂ଆൔ࿃֥ൈࡗᄀӉ,ࢲܒྟാޙ
ࣼ߶҂؎ࡆख,മᇀӮࢲܒྟؿᅚາࠏbᄝঘૅ༳ఏਔࣉ१ูս۽ြ߄ֻ֥၂ՑশӖ0,ط/60୍ݓࡅᇏ,ᆃᇕࢲܒྟാޙགྷའੱ༵ᄝ၂ུࣉ१ูսսתྍྖ۽ြݓ(ֹ)ڋྛຓཟ۽ြ߄ᆟ۽ြ߄ఏ҄ቋᄪطݓଽ൧ӆႻཌྷؓ༮ཬ֥ݓࡅԛҦ,ၛԛ१ӁԷ߸,,ૌ֥۽ြ߄֡ਫ਼൞҂གྷ,ಖުࡶՑঔᅚषটb࣐ܵঘૅݓࡅᄝ20ൗࡀ֥,طૌ֥۽ြᄹӉջটਔࢩಖ҂֥ࣜ࠶ބ60୍սᄻ৯๙ݖֹ၂ุ߄ބ՜ࣉ۽ြഠ߶ުݔ0»b္ࣼ൞ඪ,ᄪᄝ60୍ս,ᇝ֥၂ԛ१֩ծീটߏࢳࢲܒྟാޙ,ིݔ҂ޓུݓࡅބֹࣼൌགྷਔႮࣉ१ูսཟԛ१֝ཟ۽ြམb1973୍ݓ࠽െႲາࠏ֥Еؿ,ൌ࠽ഈၘࣜ߄ଆൔ֥Ӯۿሇ,طঘૅݓࡅᆰᇀ70୍սၘԛཌྷ֒၂҆ٳঘૅݓࡅ૫ਢࢲܒྟؿᅚາࠏ֥अ૫bགྷࢲܒྟؿᅚາࠏ֥౦ঃ༯၇ಖીႵ༯थྏ٢ఙࣉ֒ൈ,ঘૅݓࡅ֥ࢲܒྟാޙᇶေіགྷᄝၛ༯१ูսଆൔbᇙ෮ᇛᆩ,1973୍ֻ၂Ցݓ࠽െႲ苏ࠫ۱ٚ૫bֻ၂,ն҆ٳ٤ରႨཨٮ૫ਢݓଽ൧າࠏؿളު振,ঘૅݓࡅ০ႨնਈെႲૅჭ߭ੀ֞ݓ兴ӆЎބ,֝ᇁᇅᄯြᄹӉބࣜ࠶ᄹӉ༯ࢆbᆃᇕ౦࠽ሧЧ൧ӆ֥ь০่ࡱ,ٴٴሼഈ/ڵᅏᄹӉ0 ঃ൮༵ԛགྷᄝঘ݀aᇆ০aέ۴๓֩ݓb张50୍ᆭਫ਼ ,Ӯਔᇗᅏༀາࠏ,ࢲܒྟؿᅚາࠏࣉսު௹၂҄ധ߄bೂݔඪ,ᄝ70୍ս๙ݖईࢹຓᅏߎି勇,3ݓ֥۽ြᄹӉཌྷാಀࠃ৯bՖᇅᄯြ ᅝGDP֥бᇗ,ुაᆜ۱ֹඣ໗҄ഈശྙӮࣉ१ูսଆൔ૨఼࿃၂؍ൈࡗ,ପહ从,1982༷ૼؓб֥൞,3ݓၘԛགྷஈ߇ࠇᆀ༯ࢆ൝j,ః୍ᅏༀາࠏЕؿᆭު进,ࣼᄜીႵޅ൭؍ॖၛᆝࣷᇏᇆ০ᇅᄯြᅝ口GDP֥бᇗՖ1957୍֥2816%ࢆᆃᇕ۽ြ߄ଆൔਔ,۽ြളӁ֥ࠤखකၘم替ᇀх૧b代1960୍֥23%,֞1970୍Ҍ߫گᇀ50୍սԚk֥ඣ(2515%),طঘ݀ᄝੂ୍սࠎЧஈ到(ؽ)ႋࠤྟטᆜა/ಀ۽ြ߄0߇ᄝ22%ቐႷط๔ᇌ҂భb௹,3ݓᇅᄯြӁᆴj1982୍ঘૅᅏༀາࠏؿളൈ,ঘૅݓࡅ֥ຓ出नԛགྷڵᄹӉބ֮ᄹӉ౦ঃ,طؓࣜ࠶ᄹӉ֥܊口导ངࠞ҂໗ק向,ᄯӮ3ݓ֥ࣜ࠶ᄹӉੱ֮ႿঘૅֹᅏჅحۚղ3312ၡૅჭ,ཌྷ֒Ⴟ୍֒ԛ१(875֥नඣb֞70୍սԚ௹۽ြ߄ࣉӱ൳֞ݓଽၡૅჭ)֥318П,୍֥֒ࣜӈᅬԅሳ္ۚղk\൧ӆཋᇅ֥ݓࡅࣼ۷؟ਔbֻؽ,ຓસാޙರၭ410ၡૅჭb¼ֹࣼᆜุط,ၘࣜೞാӊᅏି拉৯bঘૅᅏༀݓิԛ֥າࠏԩٚᆌ൞/ၛؿᅚ美ᇗbᄝࣉ१ูսଆൔ༯,۽ြ҆ࠎЧഈ൞ᆺႨ国家߸,҂Է߸,Ӂཧສݓଽ൧ӆ,طࣉ१֥ඌa՜ߎᅏ0,৯࿃ࠆ֤ݓ࠽վॻၛЌӻࣜ࠶ᄹӉb༆ٚᅏಃݓބᅏಃၿྛᄵಪູ,ঘૅ֥ᅏༀح工ഡСބჰҋਘ҂؎ᄹࡆ,ႮՎྙӮᄀটᄀն֥ຓ߸业化ಌ१模,ौ୪ঀြԚࠩӁԛ१Է߸টแҀbն,ೂݔၩ๔ᆸӊߎѩ࿃٢վ,ࡼາࠣݓ࠽¹60~ࣁವุ༢֥νಆ,ၹՎ,ऋधਔঘૅᅏༀݓ֥ࡹ式70୍ս的,ྸ؟ঘૅݓࡅႮႿޭ൪ਁൊളӁ,ൊ转ࣉ१ᇯ୍ഈശ,୪ြ҆҂ିᄜູ۽ြ߄ิ܂ຓ߸ၰ,ေૌсྶࣉྛ/ႋࠤྟ0טᆜb෮໌/ႋࠤྟ0טᆜ,ఃނྏଽಸࣼ൞ေ型ᆦӻbºֻ,Ӂြശࠩ࠻൳֞ሧࣁaඌ؋ಌ֥ᇅჿ,္૫ਢݓଽؓରႨཨٮ֥ླ҂ቀ֥ཋঘૅᅏༀݓቋնཋ؇ֹᆚ౼ຓસ႔Ⴥটӊߎᅏༀ,ᇅbֻඹ,۽ြ҆Էᄯࣼြ֥؇ࡆնbֻ,ିჷາࠏཁགྷb֒ൈն؟ඔঘૅݓࡅ൞െႲࣉ१¹1965୍,ᆜ۱ঘૅބࡆীбֹ۽ြ҆સၞԅሳ71ၡૅჭ,ః҆સၞ႔Ⴥ8115ၡૅჭ,ਆᆀཌྷַߎႵ1015ၡૅჭݓ,ѩၘྙӮ၂ᇕ၇ঠ৷ࡎെႲ֥ିჷࢲܒb২႔Ⴥb֞1973୍,భᆀԅሳ15716ၡૅჭ,ުᆀ႔Ⴥ15512ၡૅೂ,Ϙ༆ࣜ࠶ᄝ1968~1973୍ᄻԛགྷۚᄹӉ,ჭ,ၘ҂ܔҀభᆀ֥ԅሳbႄሱFernandoFajnzylber,La֒ൈIndustrializacinTruncadeAmricaLatina,EditorialNuevaImagen,85%֥െႲ၇ঠࣉ१b1973୍ݓ࠽െႲາࠏؿളު,/Ϙ༆అࠖ0္ࣼڄܻ҂ᄜbMxico-Caracas-BuenosAires,1983,p12081ºऌ৳ކݓਁ୪ቆᆮ࠹,1975୍ࣉ१ਁൊӑݖ100ຣ֥ؕؓঘૅݓࡅط,෮໌ࢲܒྟؿᅚາࠏ,ൌ࠽ঘૅݓࡅႵ:༆ۢ(368ຣؕ)aܞϘ(169ຣؕ)aਗ਼(116ഈࣼ൞ჰট֥ࣜ࠶ᄹӉٚൔၘࣜᇯࡶാིbՖ۽ြຣؕ)aଽೋঘ(110ຣؕ)ބϘ༆(104ຣؕ)bҕᅦႧ:߄֥࢘؇,ुࣼၩሢ۽ြ߄ଆൔླေሇbཌྷб5Ֆਁൊາࠏّනঘૅસၞބ୪ြᆟҦڿ۪6,ᄛ5ঘנૅᇝ࣮6,2009୍ֻ3௹bࢠط,ᇝ֥ݢݓބຖֹ֩ᄝࣜ؋ᄠ֥ࣉ»[ૅ]ࡆ#ࢭ٣aนବ֣#߈ણᇷ,ྍ฿֩ၲ:१ูսଆൔᆭުࣼሇཟਔຓཟ۽ြ߄bᆞೂႵ֥5ᇅᄯఅࠖ:ঘૅაת۽ြ߄֥֡ਫ਼6,ഈݚ,ഈݚჹתԛϱഠ,࿐ᆀᆷԛ:ঘૅݓࡅ1996୍,ֻ3~4်b/ູਔႋڱնཡ่ބֻؽՑ¼CEPAL,Am 5ricaLatinayelCaribe:OpcionesparaReducirelൗࢸնᅞᄯӮ֥ݓ࠽ࣜ࠶ࠁ,ᄪᄝඹ୍սၘPesodelaDeuda,SantiagodeChile,1990,p1121
Ֆط္ࣼथקਔᆃ၂טᆜ֥ࠎЧᆟҦቆކbֻ၂,ঘૅݓࡅݓఒႵ߄֥ܿଆ൞бࢠն֥bऌ۲ݓౠఃಆ৯ঔնԚࠩӁ֥ളӁބԛ१,ၹູ࠹,1990~1999୍ঘૅֹႵ߄ሹ൬ೆ1770ၡᆺႵᄹࡆԚࠩӁԛ१Ҍି৫ࠧӁളԛ१ঔᅦིૅჭ,ᅝ௹ؿᅚᇏݓࡅႵ߄൬ೆ֥56%b»ႋbֻؽ,ৢ෪ࣉ१bֻ,॥ᇅଽླ,ᇗׄႵ߄ؓঘૅ۽ြ֥҆႕ཙᇶေุགྷᄝਆ۱ٚ૫,൞෪ളӁྟሧބ܄܋षᆦbᆃสᆟҦቆކᇅ၂൞ݓࡅؓ۽ြ߄ࣉӱ֥ᇶ֝ቔႨࠎЧೞാ,ೂݓᄯြ൮֒ఃԊ,၂൞ᄝᅏༀາࠏМࣟ༯ݓଽሧିࡅᇅקބൌീӁြᆟҦ֥ቔႨ,ݓࡅቔູሧᇶุ৯ࠤख༯ࢆ,طሧᇗׄၘሇཟ୪ঀြ֩ԚࠩӁ֥ቔႨ,֩;֩ؽ൞ᄝሧੱ௴ђնږ༯ࢆ֥౦ঃളӁ҆;ؽ൞ᇅᄯြ҆෮ླ֥ࠏఖഡСaᇏ༯,ॴݓ܄ඳބЧݓದሧᇶေႨႿ൬ܓݓႵሧࡗೆ֥֩ࣉ१Фնն෪;൞ϴෛሢࣜ࠶කӁ,ᆺႵഒ҆ٳሧႨႿ۷ྍࠏఖഡС,ၛᄹ఼ఒაാြᄹࡆ,൧ӆླࠤखຽ෪bঘૅࣜ߶֥ြࣩᆚ৯bࠇᆀඪ,ૌᄝ؋௹ଽીႵϜᄹࡆള࠹ඔऌіૼ,1980~1990,୍ঘૅᇅᄯြ୍֥नᄹӁቔູሧᇗׄbӉੱࣇູ011%,҂ࣇປಆೞാਔཞభ30୍ପဢቔՎຓ,80୍սଌᇀ90୍սభ௹,ঘૅݓࡅ௴ູࣜ࠶ᄹӉᇶေ౺৯֥ቔႨ,طӮູ80୍սђ૫ਢۚ๙ࠊளᅮअ૫,ֹन๙ࠊளᅮੱղ֞/ാಀ୍֥0ᇏ།വቋູҙᇗ֥ࣜ࠶҆b3໊ඔbέ۴๓֥ࠊлअᇅ؇,Ϙ༆֥ূغ࠹()ࢲܒڿ۪ა/ಀ۽ြ߄0߃,ၛࠣఃঘૅݓࡅ௴ђҐ౼֥ףᇾ߸ੱᇅ,ෙ90୍ս൞ঘૅݓࡅಆ૫ࣉࢲܒڿ۪֥10ಖᄝၝᇅ๙ࠊளᅮٚ૫ؿߨਔቔႨ,ᄯӮਔлᆴ୍bࢲܒڿ۪ᇏؓ۽ြ҆Ԋࠌቋն֥ႋ൞સၞሱۚܙ֥ުݔbၹՎ,࣐ܵൌྛਔસၞष٢,അႮ߄ބႵ߄ᆃਆཛڿ۪bঘૅ۲ݓ֥સၞሱႮ߄ԛ१ಏ൳֞ᇗᇅჿbڿ۪๙ӈ൞ᄝ2~3୍ଽࡆൌགྷ֥bࣼᆜ۱ֹط,ᄝ1985~1995୍10୍ࡗ,नܱඥඥੱ ܱႿ/ԛ१֝ཟ0۽ြ߄ଆൔՖ4416%ࢆᇀ1311%;٤ܱඥཋᇅ෮ട֥ࠣഅᅝࣉ१ሹح֥бᇗՖ3318%ࢆᇀ1114%b¹સၞሱ(၂)ྍ۽ြ߄ଆൔ֥ᆷ֝ჰᄵႮ߄ڿ۪ҷԢਔࣉ१ูս۽ြ߄ଆൔ֥၂նᆟҦᆦൌགྷ۽ြ߄ଆൔႮ/ࣉ१ูս0ཟ/ԛ१֝ᇸ)))൧ӆЌุ༢,෮Ⴕ֥۽ြఒြ҂֤҂૫ཟ0֥ሇ൞ঘૅݓࡅࢲܒڿ۪֥၂۱ᇏྏၰีbؓຓটఒြ֥ࠗਛࣩᆚb/ᄝᆃᇕ౦ঃ༯,ܱඥ༯ᇆ০ᄝ70୍սᇏ௹ఓࢲܒڿ۪ൈ,ࣼੱ༵ิԛࢆ,સၞष٢,ຓݓఒြࣉೆႄఏ֥൧ӆࣩᆚࡆਔࡹ৫ྍ۽ြ߄ଆൔ֥ᆷ֝ჰᄵbᆃུჰᄵॖၛۀख,෮Ⴕᆃུၹቔູ၂ᇕᇗေ֥࿊ᄴࠏᇅطؿওູၛ༯ࠫׄbֻ၂,ຓཟࣜ࠶bοᅶᇆ০ࣜ࠶ߨቔႨ,௧Чֹ֥ളӁᆀಀൡႋ၂ᇕྍ֥a۷ϫሰ֒ൈ֥ࢳ,෮໌ຓཟࣜ࠶ࣼ൞ࣜ࠶ᄹӉၛ֥ࣩ۬ᆚᇅ؇bЧֹఒြ૫ؓᆃᇕ็ᅞቔԛّ֥ႋؓຓસၞູᇶ,ࣼၩሢေϜࣜ࠶ᄹӉ֥ࠃ৯ᇏྏႵݺႵߊ,Ⴕ֥۴Чીቔԛޅّႋbఃࢲݔ൞,Ⴎଽ҆ླሇູຓ҆ླbֻؽ,ؿߨбࢠႪ൝,ྸ؟ఒြཊೆཡ่ѩӞָཨാb0º২ೂ,ᇆ০ᄝࠧݓ࠽൧ӆ/߶۴ऌ൧ӆбࢠႪ൝֥ჰᄵ࿊ᄴളࢲܒڿ۪ݖӱӁ֥ఒြղ֞4000ࡅ,ఃᇏࣇӁੱ֥ۚളӁࠃѩЧݓ֥ളӁህ߄0bֻ1982୍၂୍ьԷ༯Ӂ875ࡅఒြ֥ࡀ(5)b,ᇗׄؿᅚնఒြb఼טࣜ࠶֥ྍࠃ৯ၹ൞ളӁaસၞaࣁವࢲܒၛࠣა؎ሧЧཌྷ৳༢֥ն5 1975~1993୍ᇆ০۽ြఒြӁሑঃ(ఒြඔਈ)ఒြ֥གྷս߄ࣉӱ;ᇏྏׄ൞ሢ৯ᄯӮ֥aᄀটᄀ֥ۚሧЧࠢᇏbᆃဢ,ࣜ࠶ᄹӉьॖࡹ৫ᄝ¹ૅᇝषؿၿྛ:5ঘૅڿ۪֥֤აാ6,Кࣘ,ഠ߶॓࿐໓ངԛϱഠ,1999,୍ֻ23်bºJorgeKatz,/CambiosEstructuralesyProductividadenlaIndu-striaLatinoamericana1970-19960,RevistadelaCEPAL,No171,Agostode2000,p1741 ሧਘটჷ:JorgeKatz,/CambiosEstructuralesyProduc-»GregorioVida,lPrivatizacionesenAmricaLatina:FlujosInter-tividadenlaIndustriaLatinoamericana1970-19960,RevistanacionalesdeCapital,RegionalizacinyDesarticulacinProductiva, 6delaCEPAL,No171,Agostode2000,p1761ConsecuenciasFinancierasdelaGlobalizacin,UNAM,InstitutodeIn-vestigacionesEconmicas,Mxico,2005,pp173-991
࠻აݓଽຓࣁವሧЧཌྷ৳༢aႻაԛ१ཌྷ৳༢֥aႵࣁඋaٸaᆱႲaᆼࡽބᆼ֩)ϲ؎ྟ۽ြؿᅚ֥ࠎԤഈbֻඹ,ݓࡅᆺఏ/Ҁԉ0ဆਔࢠູᇗေ֥࢘bਸ਼၂ٚ૫,ᄝ༆ۢބᇏૅቔႨbᆃ၂่Ԣਔԛ/൧ӆ0֥धؓᆦֹ໊ᇝཬݓ,ളӁህ߄ଆൔၘथקྟֹሇཟਔ-ग़ຓ,ߎऎ఼ֹุטݓႵఒြ֥Ⴕ߄ބّؓݓࡅӁ.۽ြ(ೂሰ࠹ෘࠏa൪๐ഡСa൪ࠏބြᆟҦࠣӁြؿᅚܿ߃ؓ۽ြؿᅚ֥ႄਵቔႨb¹ڛል֩Ӂြ)b0¾ᆞೂႵ֥࿐ᆀᆷԛ:/ᄝഈඍܴׄᇏ,۽ြ҆ᆃࣼіૼ,҂ં൞ଧᇕো,ྍ۽ြ߄ଆൔ֥ᄝඌࣉ҄ބࣜ࠶ഠ߶ڿᄯᇏ֥ᇶ֝ቔႨބբ߄ྙӮݖӱၩሢᇅᄯြଽ֥҆Ӂြࢲܒؿളਔࢠ࠴ቔႨФஆԢਔb۽ြ҆ࣇࣇӮູളӁࠎԤᇏն֥эb࠻ಖݓࡅ֥ӁြᆟҦѩໃᄝӁြࢲܒט֥၂۱ቆӮ҆ٳbᄝᆃဢ֥ളӁࠎԤᇏ,ܱႿႪ༵ᆜᇏؿߨᇶ֝ቔႨ,ପહޓૼཁ,ᇅᄯြᇏ۲Ӂြ苏ྟaܱႿളӁࢲܒ֥ଽ҆৽ࢤaܱႿඌࣉ҄ބሱ֥ྖකࠇթ٬ᇶေ൞๙ݖ෮໌振/൧ӆ࿊ᄴ0টൌ兴ᇶಃ֥֩ॉ੮ཨാਔ,,ପུᄝݓ࠽൧ӆഈႵॖགྷ֥bطᆃᇕหק֥൧ӆߌᄵ൞Ⴎࢲܒڿ۪ބޡ ିᅳ֞ཧਫ਼֥ളӁࠃࠇӁሇطᅝਔᇶֹܴ֝ࣜ࠶໗ק߄ᆟҦ෮ᄯ֥ࣼb২ೂ,ሱಖሧჷࡆ۽张 ໊b勇0º࣐ܵೂՎ,ᄝࢲܒڿ۪ݖӱᇏ,ᆃུჰᄵӁြཟຓ҆൧ӆ֥ԛ१ࠎЧഈીႵ൳֞ࢲܒڿ۪ބ ߎ൞൳֞ঘૅ۲ݓڿ۪ᆀ֥௴ђԌbၹՎ,Ⴕ֥ޡܴࣜ࠶໗ק߄ᆟҦ֥ڵ૫႕ཙ,طሧЧࠊളӁ从࿐ᆀಪູაରႨཨٮളӁᄵൈࣜ൳ሢݓଽ൧ӆླຽ෪j,ঘૅݓࡅᆃᇕྍ֥ളӁህ߄ଆൔ֥ಒ进৫൳֞ٚ૫ၹ֥႕ཙ:၂൞ঘૅݓࡅႚႵሱಖބࣉ१അࠗਛࣩᆚ֥චᇗյࠌb/ᆃᆞ൞ᇭೂέ口替ሧჷپڶᆃဢ֥/࣡бࢠႪ൝0;ؽ൞ࣉ१ูս۴๓aϘ༆aᇆ০ࠣఃྸ؟ݓࡅᄝؓຓष٢ֻ֥代kࢨ؍֥ӁြᆟҦ༯ਔྸ؟ཨࠞުݔ;൞ഒඔն၂ࢨ؍෮૫ਢ֥൧ӆߌbᄝᆃུݓࡅ,Чֹ֥ሧ到ॴݓ܄ඳᄝྛ၂ཛᅞ,ေϜ༆ۢຖᇛຶ֥ЧࠊބରႨཨٮളӁఒြ҂֤҂܋૫ؓݓଽj出ݓࡅࡹӮ၂۱૫ཟૅݓ൧ӆ֥ԛ१b»ླ༯ࢆބࣉ१അնਈႤೆ֥็ᅞbᆞ൞๙ݖᆃ口导ᄝঘૅݓࡅྍ۽ြ߄ଆൔྙӮ֥ݖӱᇏ向,Ӂြᇕࣥ,ቔູष٢ࣉӱ֥ࢲअ,ࣼྙӮਔ၂ᇕ۷؟ᆟҦಌ໊ၐ൞၂۱ႄದᇿଢ֥གྷའbຯغ#ֹሇཟሱಖሧჷࡆ۽a۷ഒֹ૫ཟݓଽ൧ӆ֥ሧЧk\ূථᆷԛ,ᄝঘૅݓࡅࣉ१ูս۽ြ߄௹ࡗ,ݓࡅࠊაରႨཨٮളӁህ߄֥ളӁࢲܒb0¿ᄝ拉美ӁြᆟҦᄻࣜؿߨݖᇗေቔႨ,طᄝ80୍սၛটঘૅݓࡅӁြࢲܒ֥טᆜݖӱᇏ,նۀື၂֥২ຓ国家๙ݖࢲܒڿ۪෮ࡹ৫֥ྍࣜ࠶ଆൔᇏ,Ԣਔ҆ٳݓ൞చӚᇅᄯြbં൞ᄝ༆ۢߎ൞ᄝଲૅ֥၂ུ工ࡅؓచӚ۽ြ࿃۳Ⴭᇗׄᆦӻຓ,ӁြᆟҦൌ࠽ᇶေݓࡅ,చӚӁြ২ֹཚ൳֞ݓࡅ֥ܱඥႪ业化ഈФ౼ཨਔb২ೂ,Ϙ༆1979୍ᄻิԛ၂ཛؿᅚրაҍᆟᆦӻ,ၹطᆃ۱Ӂြ֥ඌඣࠣఃᄝᇅ模式ྐ༏Ӂြ֥ᆟҦ,ࡹ৫ਔህ֥ྐ༏Ӂြݓༀᄯြᇏ෮ᅝ֥бᇗႵૼཁิۚb的转ԩ,ުটߎϯ҃ਔ5ྐ༏م6,طࣉೆ80୍սᆭ型ުႻ٢ఙਔb¼֒ൈ۲ݓᅧܵޡܴࣜ࠶ᆟҦ֥ۚ¹්ᆒྖ:5ᇆ০ࣜ࠶ؿᅚᅞ࣮6,ᄛ5්ᆒྖ໓ࠢ6,ܲૌӈඪ֥၂ओ߅൞:/ቋݺ֥ӁြᆟҦࣼ൞ીႵӁഈݚ,ഈݚՊԛϱഠ,2005୍,ֻ214~216်bြᆟҦb0ຯغ#ূථಪ,ູԛགྷᆃᇕགྷའ֥ᇶºFernandoFajnzylber,LaIndustrializacinTruncadeAmricaေჰၹ൞:ݓࡅ֥ቔႨФшჸ߄;৯ཨԢҍᆟაLatina,EditorialNuevaImagen,Mxico-Caracas-BuenosAires,1983,p12431ྐվҀ์ၛൌགྷҍᆟޙ;ᄝࣉ१ูս۽ြ߄ࢨ؍,»JorgeKatz,/CambiosEstructuralesyProductividadenlaIndu-Ⴕ҂ഒሧཛଢ࠹߃҂ᇛ,ࠇࡹഡིੱ,֮മᇀԛstriaLatinoamericana1970-19960,RevistadelaCEPAL,No171,གྷڪϧAgostode2000,p1701,ູದૌַᇅӁြᆟҦิ܂ਔႵ৯ંऌb½(ؽ)Ӂြࢲܒ֥טᆜ¼WilsonSuziganyJoÃoFurtado,/PolticaIndustrialyDesarrollo0,RevistadelaCEPAL,No189,Agostode2006,p1811৳ކݓঘૅࣜ࠶ჴ߶ളӁބఒြؿᅚ҆ᇶ½WilsonPeres,/ElLentoRetornodelasPolticasIndustrialesݷغތ#वՇ൞࣮ঘૅݓࡅ۽ြ߄ଆൔሇ֥ಃenAmricaLatinayelCaribe0,RevistadelaCEPAL,No188,Abrildeຯ࿐ᆀᆭ၂b۴ऌ֥ۀও,֒ࣂঘૅݓࡅԛ१֝2006,p1731¾JorgeKatz,/CambiosEstructuralesyProductividadenlaIndu-ཟ۽ြ߄ଆൔնุॖၛٳູਆᇕোb/၂ٚ૫,striaLatinoamericana1970-19960,RevistadelaCEPAL,No171,ቋ࣍20୍ট,ᄝଲሓุݓࡅ,Ⴍః൞ᄝέ۴๓aAgostode2000,p1661ᇆ০aϘ༆ބঘ,݀ളӁႨܼ֥ٗ۽ြԚࠩӁ¿JorgeKatz,/CambiosEstructuralesyProductividadenlaIndu- 7striaLatinoamericana1970-19960,RevistadelaCEPAL,No171,֥ሱಖሧჷࡆ۽Ӂြ(ೂํބۑaെႲ۽ြӁAgostode2000,p1751
і1 ঘૅ5ݓ҂֥ᇅᄯြӁြᄝᇅᄯြሹӁᆴᇏ෮ᅝбᇗ֥э߄(%)έ۴๓Ϙ༆ᇆ০ۢб༆ۢ197019901996197019901996197019901996197019901996197019901996Ñ15161413131118182219221814191011101210179161015131312131319Ò91981512119197108177172132102194136155159151018Ó+Ô361246174517351839164214431255155612451751115112461846184615Õ381230152910351530152611341232103116401734193118341431142818 ᇿ:і1༢۴ऌ໊ඔ֥/ݓ࠽၂Ӂြٳো0(CIIU)ଢ,ࡼᇅᄯြᇏ֥۲ӁြٳູնোbIᆷ֥൞ࣁඋࠏྀ۽ြ,ఃᇏЇݣࣁඋӁa٤ࠏྀaࠏྀބ॓࿐၎ఖ,҂ݣచӚᇅᄯbIIᆷ֥൞ᄎൻഡСbIII+IVᆷ֥൞ൊaႂਘބҤ,ᄜࡆഈሱಖሧჷࡆ۽۽ြᇏ֥ᄯᆼބᆼࡽa߄࿐۽ြaિฒളӁaཝࢋӁaෑਘᇅaํބ٤ํࣁඋ,ᄝᇆ০֥࠹ᇏᄵ҂ݣ٤ํࣁඋbVᆷ֥൞সૡ֥ࠢԮӁြ,Їও١ᆮaڛልa۪ᇅaᇅཷaଡҋӁaࡅऎaႆაԛϱaః߄۽ӁaศՌaѪৰa٤ࣁඋঀaఃᇅᄯြbሧਘটჷ:JorgeKatz,/CambiosEstructuralesyProductividadenlaIndustriaLatinoamericana1970-19960,RevistadelaCEPAL,No171,Agostode2000,p1771 Ֆі1֥࠹ඔऌॖၛुԛ,1970~1996୍ြࠢࠇॴݓ܄ඳϲဆᇶ࢘,๙ݖሧЧૡ֥ࠢa֥20؟୍ࡗ,οཌྷܱӁြᄝᇅᄯြሹӁᆴᇏ෮ᅝҐႨݓ࠽၂ੀඌ֥ۚ؇གྷս߄۽ӌࣉྛѓሙ߄ളбᇗ֥э߄টޙਈ,ঘૅ5۱ᇶေݓࡅᇅᄯြ֥ࢲӁbᄝ༆ۢބᇏૅᇝݓࡅ֥ग़۽ြᇏ,۽ӌܒэ߄࠻ӯགྷԛଖུ܋,ྟ္թᄝ၂ק֥ҵၳbࣁဢ൞ۚ؇གྷս߄,֥Ⴕቆᆮ֥ਅݺުᆦჱ,ູ܂උࠏྀྛြ(I)ᄝέ۴๓ބᇆ০෮ᅝбᇗ༯ࢆႋૅݓ൧ӆطࣉྛ/ሙׄ0ളӁbঘૅ၂ུ࿐ᆀਔ,ఃᇏᇆ০֥ࢆږղ417۱Ϥٳ;ׄᄝϘ༆ᄵഈ֥࣮іૼ,აࢲܒڿ۪భཌྷб,ঘૅݓࡅᇅᄯြശਔ4۱Ϥٳׄ;ᄝۢбބ༆ۢࠎЧЌӻჰ֥সളӁੱႵਔૼཁิ,࣐ۚܵ۲ݓᆭࡗ֥ؿᅚႵбᇗbᄎൻഡСྛြ(II)ᄝέ۴๓aۢбޓ҂ޙbބ༆ۢ෮ᅝбᇗႵ෮ഈശ,ఃᇏ༆ۢഈശږૌླေؓі2֥ඔऌቔࣉ၂֥҄ٳ༅bі2؇ղ513۱Ϥٳ;ׄᄝϘ༆ބᇆ০ᄵႵ෮༯ࢆ,ᇆਙԛ1970~1996୍ა1990~1996୍ਆ۱ൈ؍,ᇶ০֥ࢆږղ517۱Ϥٳׄbሱಖሧჷࡆ۽Ӂြေ൞ູਔࣉྛࢲܒڿ۪భაڿ۪ު֥ؓб,ު၂۱(III+IV)෮ᅝбᇗᄝଲૅ4ݓնږഈശ,ఃᇏൈ؍ॖ൪ູ۲ݓࠢᇏࣉྛࢲܒڿ۪֥ࢨ؍bՖᇏॖᇆ০֥ᄹږղ֞13۱Ϥٳ;ׄᄝ༆ۢᄵࠎЧЌၛुԛ,ֻ၂,ᄝ1970~1996୍௹ࡗ,ঘૅ9ݓӻჰሑ,ᆃնۀ൞༆ۢԛ१֝ཟ۽ြ߄ଆൔაଲᇏᆺႵέ۴๓aۢбބ༆ۢ3ݓ۽ြসളૅݓࡅᆭࡗ֥ᇶေљ෮ᄝbসૡࠢӁြ෮ᅝӁੱ֥ᄹӉ؇ۚႿૅݓ,္ࣼ൞ඪ,ᆺႵᆃ3ݓбᇗᄝ5ݓ༯ࢆਔ,ᆺ҂ݖࢆږնཬ҂ط,ၘ۽ြসളӁੱაૅݓ֥ҵएӯ෪ཬ൝;ᄝᆃ൞ૌቋԛ֥܋ྟb༆ۢෙၛؿᅚग़۽ြ1990~1996୍ࢨ؍,Ԣ༆ۢຓ,ఃݓࡅ֥۽ູᇶ,္ໃିх૧সૡࠢӁြ֥ຽ෪bြসളӁੱ֥ᄹӉੱб1970~1996୍௹ࡗૼ()ᇅᄯြসളӁੱ֥э߄ཁิۚ,ࠧьೂՎ,္ᆺႵέ۴๓aϘ༆aঘೂഈ෮ඍ,۽ြ߄ଆൔ֥ሇݖӱঘૅݓࡅ݀3ݓ֥ᆃ၂ᄹӉੱۚႿૅݓbֻؽ,1990~1996֥ᇅᄯြ҆ࣜਔ၂༢ਙᇗնэ߄,ೂႵ߄෮୍௹ࡗ֥၂۱ԛགྷའ൞,ঘૅݓࡅ۽ြ҆ࣼြջট֥նఒြ֥Ӂಃэ,൧ӆष٢෮ႄఏ֥ն௴ђӯགྷڵᄹӉbࠇᆀඪ,ࣼြ֥ࡨഒაૄ۱ࣼြఒြӁބݓ࠽ࣩᆚ֥ࡆख,ᇅᄯြ҆ӁြࢲದჴӁᆴ֥ิۚӮູসളӁੱิ֥ۚᇶေჰၹbܒ֥նږטᆜ,նఒြ֥ඔਈཁᇷᄹࡆ,֩֩bֻ,ᇆ০රެ൞၂۱ห২,ᄝ90୍սসളࣜݖᆃ၂༢ਙэᆭު,ં൞ᇅᄯြఒြߎ൞۲Ӂੱ֥ิۚѩໃၛࡨഒࣼြູսࡎbᆃᇶေ൞ၹູ۱ऎุӁြ෮૫ਢ֥ᇶေ็ᅞ,ࣼ൞ೂޅิۚሱദᇆ০ൌྛؓຓष٢ބࢲܒڿ۪бఃݓࡅေᄪ,҂֥ࣩᆚ৯,ၛ֤ᄝԛ१֝ཟଆൔ༯֥ളթބؿࣇఒြӁaാြੱնږഈശ֥ࢨ؍ၘࣜݖಀ,طᅚbၹՎ,۷ྍඌഡСaᄝളӁቆᆮٚ૫ࣉྛކݓଽሧି৯္ૼཁ߭ശbᆃ္ყൕሢఃঘૅ߄ڿᄯࣼӮູᇅᄯြఒြ֥൮࿊ଢѓb২ೂ,ଲݓࡅ֥ࢲܒྟാြགྷའႵॖିෛሢݓଽԥྐྵაሧ 8ૅݓࡅ֥ሱಖሧჷࡆ۽Ӂြೂࣂ൞ႮЧݓնఒି৯֥߫گࡼ֤֞҆ٳߏࢳb
і2 1970~1996୍ބ1990~1996୍ঘૅ9ݓაૅݓᆭࡗসളӁੱᆷඔбࢠ1970~19961990~1996۽ြӁᆴaࣼြসളӁੱ۽ြӁᆴaࣼြসളӁੱέ۴๓1118-216231804187-31158102Ϙ༆2181019511862126-61418167ᇆ০217611511125614031492191ۢб3198112421743152-01223174ۢථղࡆb41394183-0144ઙࡆ01111166-1155༆ۢ3179019121882127-01032130ਗ਼苏11172185-1168510911973112振ঘ݀016101370124-1146-81587112兴ૅݓ 213901352104510401304174张 a ᆷૄ۱ࣼြದჴ֥ӁᆴᄹӉ;b ᆷሧਘࢩᇀ1992୍b勇ሧਘটჷ :BasedeDatosPADI,delaDivisindeEstudiosProductivosyEmpresarialesdelaCEPAL1从j ࠎႿഈඍ౦ঃ,ૌՖі3ॖၛुԛ,1970ૼھӁြ֥সളӁੱᄝ1970୍֥ࠎԤഈิۚਔ进口,୍ᆃ9ݓ֥ᇅᄯြসളӁੱնุཌྷ֒Ⴟૅݓᇅ1ПቐႷ,උႿ/іགྷਅݺ0֥Ӂြbοᅶᆃ۱ࢳ替ᄯြनসളӁੱ֥30%b֞1996,୍έ۴代,ૌॖၛु֞,ᄝі4ᇏ෮ਙ֥27۱Ӂြk๓aϘ༆aۢбބ༆ۢ4ݓ֥সളӁੱა(҂ݣ/ఃᇅᄯြ0)ᇏ,༢ඔཬႿ1֥έ۴๓到ૅݓ֥ҵएႵ෮෪ཬ,طఃჅ5ݓࠇЌӻჰႵҵᆺႵ5۱,Ϙ༆Ⴕ6۱,ᇆ০Ⴕ15۱j,ۢб出एႵ11۱,༆ۢႵ11۱;༢ඔࢤ࣍Ⴟ2(ၛ༢ඔ口,ࠇҵएࣉ၂҄ঘնb导і向3 ঘૅ9ݓᇅᄯြসളӁੱაૅݓཌྷؓҵए֥э߄ղ֞1167ቔູ࿊౼ѓሙ)ࠇնႿ2֥Ӂြ,έ۴๓Ⴕ12۱,Ϙ༆Ⴕ7۱,ᇆ০Ⴕ5۱,ۢбkݓࡅ\1970198019901996έ۴๓拉0142014101550167Ⴕ7۱,༆ۢႵ5۱bᆃࣼіૼ,5ݓᇅᄯြস美Ϙ༆0128012601290137ളӁੱิۚ෮ട֥ࠣऎุӁြ૫նཬ҂၂bࣼऎ国ᇆ০ุӁြط家0125012401230120,5ݓᇏᄵ࠻Ⴕ܋ྟ,္թᄝޓնҵ工ۢбa0129012501370134ၳ业,২ೂ,િฒളӁ(҂ݣ༆ۢ)aཝࢋᇅۢථղࡆ化a01150114模ઙࡆa(҂ݣᇆ০)aศՌ(҂ݣᇆ০)aѪৰa٤ࣁඋ0126011601160113式༆ۢ的b0132013001440138ঀaۑํaႵࣁඋaࣁඋᇅa॓࿐၎ఖ֩ӁြসളӁੱ֥ิۚջႵ௴ђྟ,طఃӁြ֥іགྷ转ਗ਼0133012501160115型ঘ݀c0135012201200122ᄵ۲ݓ֥ҵљޓնb a ࢩᇀ1992୍ඔऌ;b ࢩᇀ1994୍ඔऌ;c ࢩᇀ(ඹ)അસၞࢲܒրႪ߄1995୍ඔऌbঘૅݓࡅՖ/ࣉ१ูս0ཟ/ԛ१֝ཟ0ሇሧਘটჷ:CEPAL,BasedeDatosPADI1෮૫ਢ֥Ⴛ၂็ᅞࣼ൞ೂޅิۚᇅӮ֥ݓ࠽ࣩᆚཁಖ,έ۴๓֩4ݓაૅݓᆭࡗ֥۽ြসള৯bᄝޙਈ၂ݓଖӁြᄝݓ࠽൧ӆഈ֥धࣩؓᆚ৯Ӂੱҵए֥෪ཬ,ᆺ൞҆ٳӁြളӁੱิ֥ۚࢲൈ,๙ӈҐႨ/ཁൕྟбࢠႪ൝ᆷඔ0(RCA)b¹ݔ,ѩ٤෮ႵӁြ֥ളӁੱಆ૫ิۚbູਔࣉ၂҄۴ऌರЧસၞᆒྖླྀ߶֥ѓሙ,RCA>215,іૼࣩॉҳঘૅݓࡅ۲ӁြসളӁੱ֥э߄,ݷغތ#ᆚ৯ޓ఼;215>RCA>1125,іૼࣩᆚ৯ࢠ఼;वՇ࿊ᄴঘૅ5۱ᇶေݓࡅ֥27۱Ӂြ҆স1125>RCA>018,іૼࣩᆚ৯ᇏ;֩RCA<018,іളӁੱᄝ1970~1996୍௹ࡗაૅݓোӁြ҆ૼࣩᆚ৯b۴ऌൗࢸၿྛඔऌ९࠹ෘ,1962~ཌྷб֥э൝(і4)b۴ऌवՇ֥ࢳ,ః၂,2009୍,ঘૅֹ֥RCA༵ࣜഈശު༯ࢆᄜഈശі4ᇏૄ۱Ӂြ҆෮ӯགྷ֥༢ඔնႿ1,іૼھӁြაૅݓোӁြཌྷбসളӁੱҵएӯ෪ཬ൝;༢ඔཬႿ1,ᄵؽᆀ֥সളӁੱҵएᄝ¹ھᆷඔ൞ᆷ၂ݓଖᇕഅ֥ԛ१حᄝھݓԛ१ሹحᇏ֥бᇗაಆൗࢸھഅ֥ԛ१حᅝൗࢸԛ१ሹح֥бᇗਆᆀᆭࡗ֥б 9࿃ঔնbఃؽ,༢ඔࢤ࣍Ⴟ2ࠇնႿ2,ᄵіੱܱ༢b
і4 1970~1996୍ঘૅ5ݓ27۱Ӂြა6 ঘૅֹࠣᇶေݓࡅᇅᄯြૅݓোӁြসളӁੱҵए֥э߄ཁൕྟбࢠႪ൝ᆷඔ(RCA)൝CIIUέ۴๓Ϙ༆ᇆ০aۢб༆ۢb311ൊ11101114016701931121313ႂਘ11040172019101790183314Ҥ01740121017601280138321١ᆮ11671143017711230175322ڛል11171120017511300175323۪ᇅ11380193014501581185324ᇅཷ01781113016511030197331ଡҋӁ ሧਘটჷ:ቔᆀ۴ऌൗࢸၿྛWDIඔऌ९ཌྷܱඔऌ࠹01550187019701940172ෘѩᇅbhttp://databank1worldbank1org/ddp/home1do?332ࡅऎ21691140111301850194Step=1&id=4341ᄯᆼބᆼࡽ01991126111011120196342ႆބԛϱ11210186114301891103༆ۢބᇏૅᇝݓࡅམԊԛຓླຽ෪aસၞЌᇶ351߄۽11921118117911091103352ః߄࿐Ӂၬ֥/ᇗຶ0,сྶؓӁြࢲܒቔཌྷႋטᆜ,11980160019701860188353െႲิѩࣉྛඌԷྍބӁശࠩbၛԚࠩӁԛ१ູᇶ11221157313501280158354િฒളӁ11852107211421100130֥ଲૅݓࡅམϥຂ/ሧჷቄᇣ0֥ීଁaܿхն355ཝࢋӁ11552155014111361155ሷഅࡎ۬ѯ֥ڄག,ԢӉӁြ৽aิۚڸࡆ356ෑਘᇅ01811125015111501124ᆴ֥/Ӂြശࠩ0ຓ,ॖି۷؟ֹླေॉ੮ೂޅ361ศՌ11331120014521241125Чݓᇅᄯြವೆᇝ֥Ӂြ৽,ၛঔնఃᇅᄯ҆362Ѫৰ11911192116711572147აᇝݓࡅࡗ֥Ӂြଽસၞb369٤ࣁඋঀ21351128116811361139371ۑํ21541197113321821154372Ⴕࣁඋ11282150014311922139ඹ ӁြᆟҦ֥݂߭381ࣁඋᇅ21071178112211791139382٤ࠏ11911112113101750172۽ြ߄ଆൔཟԛ१֝ཟሇ֥ଢ֥൞ေၛ383ࠏ21681197019401991176భଽཟؿᅚଆൔ֥अཋ,۽ြӁնਈࣉೆݓ࠽384ᄎൻഡС21001133017621071181൧ӆbഈ૫֥ٳ༅іૼ,࣐ܵᄝଆൔሇݖӱᇏ۽385॓࿐ఖҋ11291148112231273181390ఃᇅᄯြြ֥҆সളӁੱބ҆ٳӁြ֥ࣩᆚ৯नႵ෮ิ01520176019211262119 ᇿ:CIIUູ໊ඔ֥ݓ࠽၂Ӂြٳোଢۚ,ሹุ౦ঃѩ҂མbᆃࣼඪૼ,ીႵཌྷܱӁ;a1970~1995୍;b1970~1994୍bြᆟҦ֥ส,۽ြ߄ଆൔሇ֥ݖӱ൞҂ປᆜሧਘটჷ:CEPAL,BasedeDatosPADI1֥b90୍սᇏ௹,ঘૅݓࡅᄝࡹ৫൧ӆࣜ࠶ุᇅa֥э߄ൌീؓຓष٢aטᆜӁြࢲܒ֩ٚ૫ၘ౼֤थקྟ,ࠧᄝ21ൗࡀభ10,୍RCAಯಖཬႿ018,іૼᆜุطঘૅᇅӮᄝݓ࠽൧ӆᇏࣩᆚ৯bطࣉᅚ֥౦ঃ༯,षᇗྍ఼טؿߨӁြᆟҦ֥ቔέ۴๓aϘ༆ބᇆ০ᇅӮ֥ࣩᆚ৯ሑঃ္҂ুႨbࠗਛ֥൧ӆࣩᆚ֥གྷൌ൞֝ᇁᆃᇕ؇э߄֥;ܴᆺႵ༆֤ۢၭႿ90୍սग़۽ြَ֥,ࣩᆚ৯۴Чჰၹ,ၛᇁঘૅ۲ݓೂࣂ҂ჿطֹϜӁြնږᄹࡆ,൞ሱ2001୍ၛট૫ؓটሱᇏݓބᇏૅᆟҦӫᆭູ/ࣩᆚ৯ᆟҦ0(polticasdecompetit-iᇝ֩ݓࡅ֥ࣩᆚ,бࢠႪ൝Ⴕ෮ࡨ(6vidad)bఃᇏ༆ۢބϘ༆ਆݓᆟکܱႿӁြᆟҦ)bೂі5෮ൕ,οӁٳো,2000~2006୍Ԛ֥࿆ൕФಪູ൞ቋऎսіྟ֥൙ࡱbࠩӁԛ१෮ᅝбᇗഈശ8۱Ϥٳ,ׄطᇅӮԛ2002,୍༆ۢᆟکิԛ/ิࣩۚᆚ৯֥ࣜ࠶१༯ࢆ815۱Ϥٳׄ,ᆃඪૼঘૅֹॖିԛགྷ߭ᆟҦ0(PolticasEconmicasparalaCompetitividad),݂ಒקਔ12۱Ⴊ༵Ӂြb¹2003୍11ᄅ,Ϙ༆ᆟک/ԚࠩӁԛ१0֥ౠཟbՖඌࠢᇏ؇ٳো,ঘૅֹᇅӮસၞᇶေࠢᇏᄝᇏ֩ඌބၛሱಖሧჷູࠎԤ֥ਆোӁഈ,ۚඌᇅӮ֥Ӂြଽ¹12۱Ⴊ༵ӁြЇও:༸ົa١ᆮაڛል,۪აᇅཷ, 10સၞႵրิۚ(іሰაۚඌ۽ြ,ೈࡱ,చӚ,ग़۽ြ,߄࿐۽ြ,ݴॢ۽6)bၹՎ,ၛग़۽ြູᇶ֥ြ,୪ြ,੪Ⴓြ,അြ,ࡹᇽြb
і5 οӁٳো֥ঘૅഅસၞࢲܒ(%)19701980199020002006ԛ१ࣉ१ԛ१ࣉ१ԛ१ࣉ१ԛ१ࣉ१ԛ१ࣉ१ԚࠩӁ52101415491229164219151924138103213914 ୪ြ291971616157111419516815316714310 ঀြ714111417111417115217015515019 ିჷ141751928112115231281813123191914515ᇅӮ4714851050107010561579187511901566168810 ԮᇅӮ2015141721121311191516151919191717101617 ൊaႂਘބҤ151341115104181014613619410719319 ఃԮᇅӮ苏51210166128139111012131015179111218振兴 ܿଆࠢჿ߄ᇅӮ2318271623112311241526101714211618192412 ରႨ 0169182119124197131315101912141117张 ඌঔᇅӮ2143218315241571630102413381218123515ఃഅ勇016015018014017413016115112215 ሹ࠹10010100101001010010100101001010010100101001010010从j ᇿ:۴ऌSITCRev11ࣉྛӁٳোb进ሧਘটჷ口:http://www1cepal1org/Comercio/paninsal/Anexo2007_2008/ingles/statisticaltables1htm替і代6 οඌࠢᇏ؇ٳো֥ঘૅഅસၞࢲܒ(%)k到19871990199520002006ԛ१ࣉ१ԛ१ࣉ१ԛ१ࣉ१ԛ१ࣉ१ԛ१ࣉ१j出ԚࠩӁ口501920144911181630181012271591635191019导ᇅӮ4811781549187618671286117019881061168519向k ၛሱಖሧჷູࠎԤ2214201022101918221618131713151918131714\ ֮ඌᇅӮ910813916101012111410111814198111216拉美 ᇏ֩ඌᇅӮ1415361415163411231837162513351623113514国 ۚඌᇅӮ2121318216121981716121616211612112015家ఃࢌၞ110110112416117315115214216311工业ކ࠹10010100101001010010100101001010010100101001010010化模 ᇿ:۴ऌඌࠢᇏ؇(SITCRev12)ࣉྛӁٳোb式ሧਘটჷ的:http://www1cepal1org/Comercio/paninsal/Anexo2007_2008/ingles/statisticaltables1htm转ϯ҃型/ӁြaඌაຓસᆟҦᆷଲ0,ࡼ϶ุ֝a(polticassectoriales)ູᇶ,ᇗׄᆦӻ۽ြ֥҆ೈࡱaᇅူބሧЧࠊಒקູඹնᅞྟӁြ,ѩؿᅚ,Їও۽ြ֥҆ඌࣉ҄ބݓ࠽સၞҕაbࡹ৫/Ϙ༆Ӂြؿᅚඇ0ቔູઋൌӁြᆟҦ֥ླྀνֻථݓࡅބᇏૅᇝݓࡅᄵሢငႿิۚᆜุࣜ࠶֥טࠏܒbᆞೂႵ֥࿐ᆀᆷԛ,2003୍ָϘ༆Ӂြaࣩᆚ৯,ѩໃڮჍ۽ြ҆ၛห൹ֹ,໊ط൞ՖࡎඌაຓસᆟҦ֥ϯ҃აൌീ/Чദࣼ൞၂ᇕࠒᆴ৽่֥࢘؇఼טӁြࠢಕ֥ࣩᆚ৯bέ۴๓aᇆ֥ࠞ൙ؿᅚ,ّ႘ԛϘ༆ᇀഒ҆ٳֹक़ڛਔӉ௹০ބঘ݀֩ݓѩીႵิԛӁြᆟҦࠇݓࡅࣩᆚ৯ַᇅӁြᆟҦ֥ொཟ,,ཁൕԛӁြᆟҦᄝᆟᇍაᅞ,ط൞ൌྛ෮໌/ᇏྟࠇޘཟᆟҦ0ࣜ࠶ᆟҦರӱᇏᇗྍᅝႵ၂༜ᆭֹ0¹bЧ໓ႮႿ(polticasneutralesuhorizontales)bఃᆟҦଢѓᄝႿږ෮ཋ,҂ॖିؓঘૅ۲ݓ֥ӁြᆟҦᇯ۱ࡆၛളӁေ൧ӆ֥ᄎྛ۷Ⴕི,ੱၛՏࠗఒြ֥ླંඍ,طᆺିՖᆜุഈۀওఃࠎЧหׄb,ط҂൞ཞࣉ१ูսଆൔ༯ପဢҀ์ఒြ֥܂(၂)ঘૅ۲ݓᄝӁြᆟҦ݂߭նМࣟ༯֥ऎ۳,ൈ္ູਔх૧ӁြᆟҦᄯӮӁြ҆ࡗ֥ఆุቓمթᄝޓնҵၳ൪b࣐ܵೂՎ,ᄝᆃུݓࡅ,ᆌؓหק҆ࠇྛြՖᆟҦ࿊ᄴބᆟҦۄყؓའটܴҳ,ঘૅݓࡅնุॖၛٳູোb২ೂ,Ϙ༆a༆ۢࠣࡆীбႇეݓࡅ֥ӁြᆟҦ൞ၛ෮໌/҆ᆟҦ0¹W 11ilsonSuziganyJoÃoFurtado,/PolticaIndustrialyDesarrollo0,RevistadelaCEPAL,No189,Agostode2006,p1831
֥Ⴊ߲ᆟҦ၇ಖթᄝ,২ೂ,ᇆ০Ӊ௹ؓਟြaঀі7෮૭ඍ֥౦ྙّ႘ԛ۲ݓൌീӁြᆟҦ֥৯؇ြބԛ१҆ൌീᆰࢤҀ์ᆟҦ;ঘ݀ᄝؿള१္թᄝҵљ,ᇶေіགྷູ၂ུݓࡅ֥ӁြᆟҦ෮ݤึၦ௹ࡗؓಽোളӁᆀൌྛ૧ඥᆟҦ,֩֩bۂ֥Ӂြ҆ޓܼٗ,ਸ਼၂ུݓࡅݤۂ֥Ӂြ҆൙ൌഈ,෮໌ޘཟᆟҦࠇᇏྟᆟҦ൞Фঘૅ۲ಏޓഒ,طᄝݚֹaϘঘ݀ބ්ଲ֩ࠞഒඔݓࡅݓ௴ђҐႨ֥ᆟҦ,ഈඍభਆোݓࡅ֥҂ᆭԩᆺࠫެ҂թᄝӁြᆟҦb֒ಖ,ܱႿ/ᆟҦ৯؇0ᄝႿ,ૌԢਔޘཟᆟҦᆭຓ,ߎሢᇗҐႨਔ෮໌֥ٳ༅ߎടࠣྸ؟ऎุଽಸb২ೂ,ࣇᄝ2003୍,/҆ᆟҦ0bૌՖі7֥݂ବॖၛु֞,ᄝ෮Ϙ༆ݓࡅࣜ࠶აഠ߶ؿᅚၿྛ(BNDES)ཟ24ࡅട֥ࠣ26۱ݓࡅᇏ,Ⴎ܄܋षؿၿྛཟหק҆৯ٳఒြิ܂֥վॻղ֞10ၡૅჭ֥ܿଆ;ิ܂վॻᆦӻ֥Ⴕέ۴๓aϘ༆֩7ݓ;طᇅקਔϘ༆ᆟکཟྐ༏ӁြބచӚ۽ြ(ᇶေ൞ᇏaཬཟหק҆ิ܂ҍᆟՏࠗᇅ؇֥ݓࡅᄵ؟ղ20۱,Ӛਇ)ิ܂֥۽ြᇅӮඥ(IPI)֥ࡨඥح؇ᆺႵۢбaາֹઔঘaݚֹaޠঘථaϘঘࣼٳљູ5ၡૅჭބ112ၡૅჭb¹݀ބ්ଲ֩6ݓ҂թᄝՎোҍᆟՏࠗծീbՎຓ,і7 ঘૅބࡆীбݓࡅཟหק֥҆ࣁವაҍᆟՏࠗݓࡅཟหק҆(҂ݣ۳หק֥҆୪ြ)֥վॻҍᆟՏࠗݓࡅཟหק҆(҂ݣ۳หק֥҆୪ြ)֥վॻҍᆟՏࠗέ۴๓ሧЧࠊঀြaਟြݚֹϘݗઔ੪aࣁವڛༀaீޠঘථᄎൻaအ༧ࣵaࣵࣚႂਘϘϘ؟ථࣁವڛༀaЌགaྐ༏ઙࡆ႕a੪Ⴓa੨ঀaඌa੪Ⴓ੨aӌٜࡹഡѵ০ሥঀြ༆ۢ႕ਟြa႕aॢݚᄎൻaႆაԛϱѪ০ົঀြୄࡆঘܨ੪ႳϘ༆െႲa฿ಖగa١ᆮaచӚaሰ۽ြϘଦઔ੪Ⴓaਟြڛልaᇅཷaᄯԯြa৯aaೈࡱa႕ᇆ০ਟြaെႲaނҋਘϘঘ݀ۢб႕ਗ਼੪ႳaঀြaെႲۢථղࡆۄ҆ਟြa੪Ⴓ؟ୄࡆ੪Ⴓa୪Ӂࡆ۽رܨ؟غঀြa੪Ⴓ්ଲغຐ؟ঀြaڛༀြ(੪Ⴓaห৫ୄղބฏ߄ކa੪Ⴓaᄎൻaೈࡱ֩)؟Ϙۢࡹᇽາֹઔঘঘ݀ရಽa௮ฤളӁބ௮ฤࣵaฏ߄ކaႆaਟြaफ۽aݴaರБaܼѬᅟaखჽa႕݀ପ୪Ӂࡆ۽aਟြaঀଽೋঘฏ߄ކaႨႿԚࠩြa੪ႳaြaࡹӁ(ჰႲaঀӁa୪ᇽaྐ༏ა๙ඌြaြ)҆ሧ֥ሧЧࠊაڛༀҐܓ ሧਘটჷ:ElaboracinPropiasobrelaBasedeMelo(2001,cuadro3)1ሇႄሱWilsonPeres,/ElLentoRetornodelasPolticasIndustrialesenAmricaLatinayelCaribe0,RevistadelaCEPAL,No188,Abrilde2006,p1771 (ؽ)ᄝӁြᆟҦ֥ᆦӻؓའᇏ,ᇅᄯြ֥ࣜϜᆃ۱หุׄགྷ֤٤ӈౢ༉bϘ༆ބ༆ۢරެֹ໊ૼཁ༯ࢆ,െႲaঀӁaਟြ֩ሧჷषؿ,୪ြࠣ੪Ⴓa႕aࠎԤഡീ֩ڛༀྛြֹ໊֥ഈശ¹WilsonPeres,/ElLentoRetornodelasPolticasIndustriales 12іenAmricaLatinayelCaribe0,RevistadelaCEPAL,No188,Abrilde7෮ਙԛ֥۲ݓӁြᆟҦ֥ᆦӻؓའଢၘ2006,p1741
൞۱২ຓ,ᆃਆ۱ݓࡅϜᇅᄯြቔູӁြᆟҦᆦӻ֥ᇗׄb൞,ᆃਆݓᆭࡗ္թᄝཁᇷ֥ҵљb ࢲඏე২ೂ,2002,୍ᄝϘ༆ݓࡅࣜ࠶აഠ߶ؿᅚၿྛބ༆ۢݓࡅຓસၿྛ(BANCOMEXT)ؿ٢֥վЧ໓֥ٳ༅іૼ,/ಀ۽ြ߄0གྷའ൞֝ᇁঘॻሹحᇏ,۽ြ҆෮ᅝбᇗղ֞50%b൞,ૅݓࡅ20؟୍ࣜ࠶߁ቋᆰࢤ֥ჰၹbط/ಀ۽༆ۢݓࡅຓસၿྛؿ٢֥൞ຓસվॻ,ᇶေᆦӻြ߄0གྷའ֥ധҪМࣟᄵჷႿ۽ြ߄ଆൔሇ֥۽ြ֥҆ԛ१ളӁ,طϘ༆ݓࡅࣜ࠶აഠ߶ؿᅚൎྟ༂bᆃ۱ൎ࢝ၐ൞ധख़֥bঘૅݓၿྛᄵᄝᆦӻ۽ြ҆૫ཟݓଽ൧ӆ֥ളӁؿᅚٚࡅ۽ြ߄ଆൔ֥ሇݖӱෙಖࣜਔ؟֥࡛౷૫ؿߨሢԛ֥ቔႨ,୍֒ᄝᆃٚ૫֥վॻӑݖᅼ,ቋᇔିܔൌགྷᆃ၂ሇ္҂ാູࢲܒڿ۪֥苏58ၡૅჭb၂ཛӮࣼ,ູᄝྍ֥ݓ࠽ߌ༯ᇗᆒ۽ြ߄קਔ振兴ᄝ֒భ/ԛ१֝ཟ0۽ြ߄ଆൔ༯,ሧჷषсေ֥ࠎԤbՖ֒భ֥౦ঃु,ႮႿݓ࠽൧ӆؓሧ ؿ҆൳֞భ෮ໃႵ֥ᇗ൪൞ঘૅ۲ݓ֥௴ђྟჷোӁ֥ླӻ࿃ຫഹ,ႮႿؓຓष٢֥ࣉӱ҂张 ൝bਗ਼ᆟکູܝৣঀြषؿ෮Ґ౼֥ᆟҦࣼ൞၂؎ധ߄勇,ঘૅݓࡅ෮ൌྛ֥ؿߨ٤ඃস৯ބሱ ۱бࢠׅ֥২ሰ,ᆃུᆟҦЇও:ܝৣބЌᅰຓಖሧჷ֩࣡бࢠႪ൝֥/ളӁህ߄0ଆൔؓ从ݓᆰࢤሧ;ࡼঀြ֥҆ݓႵఒြႵ߄;ϯ҃ঘࣜ࠶ᄹӉӁളਔࠒ֥ࠞቔႨbაՎൈ,ঘૅj进ЌᅰሱႮԷြބದሧ֥مੰ;ӵ୶Ќӻඥੱaݓࡅ္૫ਢೂ༯໙ี口:གྷႵӁြݓ࠽ࣩᆚཌྷؓࢠ替߸ੱაྛᆟ֥ܵ໗ק;ྩڿঀሿಞӱ;ؓ০代,Ӂԛ१൳ຓ҆൧ӆѯ֥႕ཙࢠն,ۚྍkᄜሧ૧ᆘ෮֤ඥ;ؓնঀြሧཛଢิ܂؟ඌӁြؿᅚᇌު,۽ြ҆Էᄯࣼြ֥ି৯҂఼,到ᇕҍᆟՏࠗ,֩֩b¹୪ြ҆,หљ൞ཬ୪ࣜ࠶۽ြඌഡСؓຓ၇ঠ֥ӱ؇Ⴕ෮ࡆധbၹՎ,ೂj出൳֞ྸ؟ঘૅݓࡅᆟک֥ᇗ൪口,္൞90୍սު௹ޅक़ڛᆃུׄ,གྷႵ۽ြ߄ଆൔ҂؎ሼཟປС导ၛট֥၂ᇕྍ൝აӮඃ向,ᆃॖିაཬ୪ࣜ࠶ᄝࢳथݓଽ,ಯ൞ঘૅݓࡅ૫ਢ֥၂ն็ᅞbਁൊ܂ႋٚ૫֥ቔႨರၭᇗေૡ్ཌྷܱbཟཬ୪k\ิ܂์༏վॻ൞бࢠ௴ђ֥ቓمbႵሧਘཁൕ拉,ᇶေҕॉ໓ང美200011CEPAL,AmricaLatinayelCaribe:SeriesHistricasde国,୍༆ۢބᇆ০ਆݓႨႿ୪ြളӁषؿཛ家ଢa୪ըࠎԤഡീࡹഡބ୪ըഠ߶षᆦ֥܄܋ᆦԛEstadsticasEconmicas1950-2008,20091工ղ֞ૄ۱ളӁᆀದन900ૅჭ֥ܿଆ,ٳљᅝਆݓ21CEPAL,Anua业rioEstadsticodeAmricaLatinayelCari-化୪ြ҆Ӂᆴ֥be,2010135%ބ21%bº模式的()ӁြᆟҦ֥ᇶေଢѓ൞ิۚགྷႵӁြ҆31CEPAL,AmricaLatina:OpcionesparaReducirelPesodelaDeuda,19901转ི֥ੱ,ط҂൞Էࡹྍ֥Ӂြ҆型41FernandoFajnzylber,LaIndustrializacinTruncadeಒקᆃ۱ଢѓ֥ᇶေМࣟ൞,ঘૅݓࡅ༐ຬᄝAmricaLatina,EditorialNuevaImagen,Mxico-Caracas-٤ඃস৯აሱಖሧჷ֩࣡бࢠႪ൝֥ࠎԤഈBuenosAires,19831ঔնؓݓ࠽൧ӆ֥ҕაbؓϘ༆ބ༆ۢᆃਆ۱ঘ51JorgeKatz,/CambiosEstructuralesyProductividadenૅֹնݓط,ఃളӁࢲܒၘඋႿбࢠ؟ဢ߄֥laIndustriaLatinoamericana0,RevistadelaCEPAL,No171,োAgostode20001,֒ༀᆭࠤ൞ิۚགྷႵӁြ֥ݓ࠽ࣩᆚ৯bᆞೂຯغ#ূථ෮ᆷԛ,ഈඍМࣟ՜Ϙ༆ބ61WilsonSuziganyJoÃoFurtado,/PolticaIndustrialy༆ۢᄝؓຓࣜસކቔٚ૫ሔਆ۱ऎุଢѓ,၂൞Desarrollo0,RevistadelaCEPAL,No189,Agostode20061षᅚݓ࠽સၞซ,หљ൞ଔղӮචшࠇ؟шሱ71[ૅ]ࡆ#ࢭ٣aนବ֣#߈ણᇷ,ྍ฿֩Ⴎસၞླྀקၲ:5ᇅᄯఅࠖ:ঘૅაת۽ြ߄֥֡ਫ਼6,ഈݚ,ഈݚ,ၛࠆ౼۷؟֥൧ӆٺح;ؽ൞་ႄຓჹתԛϱഠ,1996୍bݓᆰࢤሧၛࡹ৫ԛ१,Їওࡹ৫૧ඥބग़۽ြb»ؓঘૅ۲ᇏaཬݓࡅط,ൌྛളӁህ(责任编辑 鲁渝)߄Чটࣼ൞ః۽ြ߄ଆൔሇ֥ᅞ࿊ᄴbაՎൈ,ᆃུݓࡅᇏ֥ն؟ඔଢభߎ૫ਢሧି৯҂ቀ֥໙ี,ࠧьႵၩࡹ৫ଖུྍ֥Ӂြ҆,္ᆺ¹º» WilsonPeres,/ElLentoRetornodelasPolticasIndustr-i 13alesenAmricaLatinayelCaribe0,RevistadelaCEPAL,No188,Abrilି࠷༐ຬႿຓݓᆰࢤሧbde2006,p178,p1801
JOURNALOFLATINAMERICANSTUDIES(BIMONTHLY):TransitionfromImportSubstitutiontoExportOrientation(-13)TheeconomicdeclineinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeaninthe1980sand1990sisdirectlylinkedtothe/-upprocessintheregion,,tregionaleconomiesarestillfacedwithchallengessuchasrelativelylowindustrialcompetitiveness,weakresistanceoftheirexportindustriestoexternalmarketfluctuation,backwardnessofhigh-techindustries,.(SuZhenxing,ZhangYong)FiveIssuesoftheModernizationProcessinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean(-22),twhatistheimpactofdifferentdevelopmenttheoriesontheregionalmodernizationprocess?,,howdoexternalfactorsinfluencethisprocess?,howshouldwelookattherelationshipbetweenculturalfactorsandmodernization?Culturematters,,istherea/middleincometrap0?,whatarethemajorlessonsandexperiencesfromthisprocess?Themajoronesinclude:politicalstabilityisutterlyimportan;tsocialcostofthemodernizationprocessmustbecurtailed;therelationshipbetweenutilizingthecomparativeadvantageontheonehandandupgradingtheindustrialstructuresontheothermustbedealtwithinaproperway;and,(JiangShixue)TradeOpennessinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean(-27),;however,ifcomparedwithAsianeconomies,itisratherlowonageneralbasis.(ChaiYu) 79
