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目录
目录............................................................................................................................................................................... 1
专题 01 语法填空....................................................................................................................................................... 3
专题 02 完形填空..................................................................................................................................................... 44
专题 03 阅读理解 I...................................................................................................................................................86
专题 04 阅读理解 II............................................................................................................................................... 140
专题 05 阅读理解 III.............................................................................................................................................. 202
专题 06 阅读理解 IV..............................................................................................................................................303
专题 07 阅读理解 V............................................................................................................................................... 324
专题 08 阅读填空................................................................................................................................................... 337
专题 09 短文改错................................................................................................................................................... 357
专题 10 书面表达（I、II、III卷模式）..............................................................................................................372
专题 11 新高考应用文写作................................................................................................................................... 398
专题 12 读后续写................................................................................................................................................... 420
专题 13 概要写作................................................................................................................................................... 437
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专题 1 语法填空
考点 1 冠词、代词、介词等小品词
【构建知识体系】
【命题解读】
新课标 要求 命题评价解读
《普通高中英语课程
标准(实验)》明确指出：高
中学生应该学习和掌握的
英语语言基础知识包括语
音、词汇、语法、功能和
话题等五个方面的内容(教
育部)。
考查考生对
语法、词汇和语
用知识的掌握情
况。
语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语
法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变
形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和
语境化特征。
【剖析全国高考真题】
考点一 冠词、代词、介词等小品词
（1）冠词
1. 【全国 II】The plum trees are 70. _____first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化 ). They represent the
promise of spring and a renewal of life.
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【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。序数词前用定冠词修饰。故填定冠词 the。句意：即使雪正在融化，李树还是最先开花的。
2.【海南】The Digital World is a set of volumes to aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help
readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores _____
wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, and discusses the
influences they have on everyday life.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料，解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念，并讨论了
他们对日常生活的影响。a range of一套；一系列。wide是以辅音音素发音开头，所以用不定冠词 a。故填 a。
3.【新课标 I】Of ______ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is
increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的 19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填 the。句意：在已知的 19个北
极熊亚种群中，3个数量在下降，6个稳定，1个在增加，其他 9个没有充足数据。
4.【浙江】Everybody wears_____ same style of clothes.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。same 是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与 the连用修饰名词。故填 the。句意：每个人都穿相
同风格的衣服。
5.【全国Ⅱ】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only
7 percent.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。故特指在过去的 25年里。故填 the。句意：玉米产量在过去 25年里增长了近 125%，而大
米只增长了 7%。
6.【全国Ⅲ】Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语 at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。故填 the。句意：意想不到的
的是，我面对面地和大猩猩在一起，他们开始以最大的肺活量喊叫。
（2）代词
1.【山东】As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine ______
(they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
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【答案】themselves
【解析】考查反身代词。句意：除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史
时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代 visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填 themselves。
2. 【新课标 I】Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help
China decide whether______ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。此处指“它未来的月球基地计划是否可行”,plans是名词,此处应该使用形容词性物主代词 its
起限定作用。
3. 【海南】Readers are encouraged to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of_______（we）Further
Resources section featured in each volume.
【答案】our
【解析】考查代词。句意：我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。修饰名词
Further Resources section，前用形容词性物主代词。故填 our。
4.【北京】I know I will whisper to ______(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【答案】myself
【解析】考查反身代词，此处用作宾语，表示对自己低声说，所以用“myself”。
5.【天津】 study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________who are
not.
【答案】those/the ones
【解析】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词
与 the students是对应关系，可以用 the ones或者 those替代。故填 those/the ones。
6.【全国 I】If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps
we should all give ______a try.
【答案】it或 running
【解析】考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处 give it a try意为：试试。此处 it可以指 running。
故填 it或 running。
7 【全国 III】When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ________(they) alive.
【答案】them
【解析】考查代词。此处做 find 的宾语，所以用宾格 them。
8. 【浙江】Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how
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cheap ______ can be to eat out.
【答案】it
【解析】考查 it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是 it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式 to eat out是真正主
语，用 it 是形式主语。故填 it。
（3）介词
1.【新课标 II】Oranges: Orange trees are more ______decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
【答案】than
【解析】考查短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than不仅仅，不只是。故填 than。
2.【新课标 II】Bamboo plants are associated______health, abundance and a happy home.
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词。associate…with… 意为“把……与……联系起来”,是固定搭配。故填 with。
3.【新课标 III】The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ________ earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在
世界上”短语为 on earth。故填 on。
4.【山东】Museums must compete______people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for，
意为“为了……竞争”。故填 for。
5.【浙江】Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived _____，through
agriculture.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意：公元前 10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分
析可知，“they lived _____”应是之前名词 the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在
从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填 in。
6.【新课标 I】Modem methods ______ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,
and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案】of/for
【解析】考查介词用法。此处 tracking polar bear populations 作Modern methods的定语，用 of 连接，“methods of
doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用 for。故填 of/for。
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7.【新课标 III】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ______ dogs，seven to be exact.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填 of。
8.【浙江 8】But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ______ this question is not clear.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。
故填 to。
9. 【北京】First celebrated ___5___ 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区).
【答案】 in
【解析】 in 考查介词的用法，年份前面应该加介词 in。
10.【全国 III】 I was searching ______ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them
for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
【答案】for
【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大
猩猩。
11. 【浙江】 If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home
______ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示目的用介词 for，故填 for。
【精讲研法】
考点一 冠词、代词、介词等小品词
（1）冠词
【做题实践中找规律】
【例 1】My aunt Carmeleta was _____wife of my mother’s youngest brother Fred. Even though my uncle Fred died
many years ago and Aunt Carmeleta is now married to Ken, I still consider her my aunt.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：我的舅妈 Carmeleta是我妈妈最小的弟弟 Fred的妻子。wife此处特指“我妈妈最小的
弟弟 Fred的妻子”，前面应用定冠词。故填 the。
【例 2】In fact, they have become _______ particular threat: A study published in Pediatrics found that they are
responsible for 11 percent of pool drownings among children under 5.
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【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：事实上，它们已经成为一种特别的威胁:发表在《儿科学》(Pediatrics)上的一项研究
发现，在五岁以下儿童的泳池溺水事故中，有 11%是由它们造成的。此处名词 threat（威胁）表示泛指，应使
用不定冠词修饰，空后单词 particular为辅音音素开头，故填 a。
【例 3】Unlike our own breathing，which does not require any effort，marine mammals must consciously go to the
surface of the water to breathe through a blowhole on top of their heads. Because of this，they don't sleep for _______
solid 8 hours a night like we do.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：他们不会像我们一样每晚睡一个固定的 8个小时。可知，此处泛指睡 8个小时的固
定习惯，solid 首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填 a。
下列情况很可能填不定冠词：
(1)________+可数名词(单数)；
(2)________+形容词+可数名词(单数)。
下列情况下很可能填定冠词：
(1)________ (+定语)+名词+ of等介词短语(表示特指)；
(2)________ (+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)；
(3)________ (+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。
【变式精讲】
【例 1】Instead, it plays ______ important role when terrible disasters occur and ground-based communications are
blocked.
【答案】an
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：相反，当发生严重灾难以及地面通讯中断时，它发挥着重要的作用。固定短语“play
an important role…”意为“在……中扮演重要角色/在……上发挥重要作用”。故填 an。
【例 2】In fact, it is believed that our athletic skills and language learning skills are located in ______ same area of the
brain and indeed this is how children learn.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：事实上，据认为我们的运动技能和语言学习技能都处于大脑的同一个区域。the same
是固定搭配，“同样的.”。故填 the。
（2）代词
【做题实践中找规律】
【例 1】The concept of the crossbow（弩）developed from animal traps. _______ is difficult to establish the date of the
first development of the crossbow as a weapon.
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【答案】It
【解析】考查 it作形式主语。句意：很难确定首先把弩发展成武器的日期。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处是
固定句型：It is + adj. + to do sth.“做某事是......”，其中 it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。故填 It。
【例 2】I learned not everyone is going to like you and that’s OK. Just be ______(you).
【答案】yourself
【解析】考查代词。句意：做你自己。此处用所给词的反身代词形式作 be的表语，表示“你自己”应用反身代词
yourself。故填 yourself。
【例 3】Being healthy people, we are so lucky that we should value what we own and try _________(we) best to live a
meaningful life. Don’t you think so?
【答案】our
【解析】考查代词。句意：作为一个健康的人，我们是如此的幸运，我们应该珍惜我们所拥有的，并尽最大努
力过上有意义的生活。“try one’s best to do sth.尽某人最大努力做某事”是固定短语。故填 our。
规律方法 2： 如何判断空格处应填代词？
（1）无提示词。
（2）作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格，注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。
（3）指示代词（it和 this）,不定代词，it用作引导词,反身代词等。
【变式精讲】
【例 1】You give ______ (you) no choice but to learn it and every reason to learn it well!
【答案】yourself
【解析】考查代词。句意：你除了学它，并且学好它，别无选择。空处作 give的宾语，根据句意可知此处表示
“你自己”。故填 yourself。
【例 2】Scientists often compare coral reefs to underwater rainforests, yet unlike the leafy plant base of a forest, corals
are animals. The soft organs inside the hard parts of corals are naturally transparent and get ________(they) famously
brilliant color from algae(藻类）living inside them.
【答案】their
【解析】考查代词。句意：珊瑚中硬体部分中的软器官是天然透明的并且从生活在他们体内的藻类中得到著名
的绚烂颜色。根据句子结构可知，此处修饰名词 color，故使用形容词性物主代词形式。故填 their。
3、介词
【例 1】When my husband Bill met Aunt Carmeleta ______the first time, he questioned, “How could anyone be so nice
and so real?”
【答案】for
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【解析】考查介词。句意：当我丈夫比尔第一次见到 Carmeleta 阿姨时，他问：“怎么会有人这么善良，这么真
实呢？”结合句意表示“第一次”可知短语为 for the first time。故填 for。
【例 2】It is the earliest traditional etiquette of the Han nationality in China to offer tea ________guests.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意：用茶水招待客人是中国汉族最早的传统美德和礼仪。offer sth. to sb.意为“给某人提供
某物”，为固定搭配。故填 to。
【例 3】 Learning a foreign language can be fun, and the friendly atmosphere of a language class will also provide you
_______ the opportunity to meet new people with common interests.
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词/固定搭配。句意：语言课的友好氛围也会让你有机会结识志同道合的新朋友。短语 provide sb
with sth表示“给某人提供某物”，故填 with。
规律方法 3：如何判断空格处应填介词？
（1）无提示词：注意搭配问题。
（2）与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语等。
（3）与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语。
【变式精讲】
【例 1】Corals are still alive when they bleach(白化），but they're _______ risk-essentially immunocompromised(免疫
功能低下）－and many eventually starve and die, turning a dark brown.
【答案】at
【解析】考查介词。句意：珊瑚白化时还活着，但他们处于危险中——主要是免疫功能不全——许多最终饿死
和死掉，变成深棕色。固定搭配 at risk，意为"处于危险中"。故填 at 。
【例 2】He made a poster to show his cause and couldn’t wait to get started on his walk the next day when he arrived
home _____ kindergarten.
【答案】from
【解析】考查介词。句意：他制作了一张海报来表达自己的诉求，第二天从幼儿园回到家时，他就迫不及待地
开始步行。根据句意，“从某地回来”用介词 from。故填 from。
考点 2 连接词
【构建知识体系】
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【命题解读】
新课标 要求 命题评价解读
《普通高中英语课程
标准(实验)》明确指出：高
中学生应该学习和掌握的
英语语言基础知识包括语
音、词汇、语法、功能和
话题等五个方面的内容(教
育部)。
考查考生对
语法、词汇和语
用知识的掌握情
况。
语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语
法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变
形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和
语境化特征。
【剖析全国高考真题】
考点二 连接词
（1）并列连词
1.【山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】They kept their collection at home until it got too big _____ until they
died, and then it was given to a museum.
【答案】or
【解析】考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被捐给
一家博物馆。根据语境可知，前后陈述的是两者可能性，应使用连词 or:或者。故填 or。
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2.【海南省高考英语试卷（新高考全国 II卷)】Each volume in the set explores a wide range of material, explains the
basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, _______discusses the influences they have on everyday life.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意：系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料，解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念，并讨论了
他们对日常生活的影响。前后句为并列关系，所以用连词 and。故填 and。
（2）状语从句的连接词
【全国 III 卷】Filled with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left. _____he asked the villagers on the banks of the
river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
【答案】When/As
【解析】考查状语从句。此处是时间状语从句,意为“当……时候”,可用 when或 as。位于句首时首字母需要大写。
（3）名词性从句的连接词
1.【新课标 I卷】While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ______ they range all the way across the Arctic, and
as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为 there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，
解释说明中心词 evidence的内容，故填 that。
2.【北京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ______ they go.
【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，
表示地点，作状语。故用 where。
3.【浙江】Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on _____could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and
more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多
地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句
意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填 what。
（4）定语从句的关系词
1.【新高考 I卷山东卷】The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the
British Museum ______ opened in 1759.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。此处是 which/that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词 the British Museum,并在定语从句中充当
主语。
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2.【新高考 II卷海南卷】The Digital World is a set of volumes _____aim to describe how digital systems influence
society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会并帮助读者理解数字系统的
本质及其众多交互部分的丛书。句中先行词为 volumes，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词 which或 that
引导。故填 that/which。
3.【新课标Ⅲ卷】In ancient China lived an artist ______paintings were almost lifelike.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 artist，
且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词 whose。故填 whose。
4. 【新课标 I卷】Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a
satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ______it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知,此处是一个限制性定语从句,先行词是 spot,且引导词在定语从句中
作地点状语,故填关系副词 where。
5.【新课标 II卷】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，______ she opened
with her late husband Les.
【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为 the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作 opened
一词的宾语，故用 which。
6.【新课标 III卷】They were well trained by their masters ______ had great experience with caring for these animals.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先
行词为 masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填 who。
7.【浙江卷】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ______gives off light in the dark.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是 cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用 that
或 which引导。故填 that/which。
8.【北京卷】The students benefitting most from college are those ______ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.
【答案】who/that
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【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。______ are totally
engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词 those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填 who或 that。
9. 【全国 I】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014______showed a mere five to 10
minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
【答案】that \which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处 a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填 that或 which。
10.【全国 II】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing
program ______ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by million
tons.
【答案】 that/which
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词 gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代 program并且引导后面的
句子。指物用 that/which，故填 that或者 which。
11. 【浙江卷】Many westerners ______ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize
how cheap it can be to eat out.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是 westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词 who/that
引导，故填 who/that。
（5）特殊句式中的连词
暂无
【精讲研法】
考点二 连接词
（1）并列连词
【做题实践中找规律】
【例 1】Grandpa Amu insists that he isn't an internet celebrity(名人) ______ just an ordinary farmer.
【答案】but
【解析】考查并列连词。句意：阿木爷爷坚持说他不是一个网红，而只是一个普通的农民。根据句意，此处是
并列结构 not… but“不是……而是”。故填 but。
【例 2】When corals experience stress from hot temperatures or pollution, they end their interdependent relationship
with this algae, typically forcing them out ______turning white, though one recent study indicates some corals turn a
bright neon color when stressed. Corals are still alive when they bleach(白化），but they're at risk-essentially
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immunocompromised(免疫功能低下）－and many eventually starve and die, turning a dark brown.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意：当珊瑚遭受到高温或污染，他们结束和藻类的共生关系，迫使藻类离开，珊瑚褪变
成白色。连接两个并列的现在分词形式 forcing和 turning，且意义表顺接，应使用并列连词 and。故填 and。
【例 3】In Southern China, people tend to eat longans on the day. They believe the fruit can bring good luck, make
people stay calm ______ cure some typical conditions.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意：他们相信水果可以带来好运，使人们保持冷静和治疗一些典型病症。结合前后文语
境可知上文“bring good luck, make people stay calm”与后文“cure some typical conditions”为并列关系，应用连词
and。故填 and。
规律方法：下列情况很可能填并列连词（and；but；or）：
(1)前面一个句子________一个句子；
(2) 一个或多个句子成分________一个句子成分。
(3)句型 both..and…;not…but…;either…or…;not only…but (also)…
【变式精讲】
【例 1】The crossbow had the advantage of not only sending an arrow with enough force to cut through body armor（盔
甲）________its arrows, being short, could not be shot back by bowmen.
【答案】but
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：弩的优势不仅在于可以射出足够力量的箭来刺穿盔甲，而且还在于它的箭很短，
弓箭手无法反击。根据句意可知，此处是固定搭配 not only ...but (also)...“不但......而且”，其中 also 可省。故填
but。
【例 2】"It definitely still seems to be unusual,______ at the same time it is not completely unexpected, "he added.
【答案】but
【解析】考查连词。句意：它看起来确实仍然不同寻常，但同时它不是完全不可意料。结合句意可知，空前后
是转折关系，应使用 but连接。故填 but。
（2）状语从句的连接词
【做题实践中找规律】
【例 1】Wide-ranging in their scope, they include aspects such us: providing cycling training to children and adults
______ they want it, developing a network of protected bike routes, and creating "low-traffic neighborhoods."
【答案】if/ when
【解析】考查连词。句意：他们的范围很广，如果孩子和成年人想要的话，可以提供骑车训练。分析句子的成
分可知：设空处应为连词引导从句；结合句意，设空处可表示时间也可表示条件。故答案为 if/ when。
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【例 2】Your everyday life is lived in that language, _______ it is peeling the potatoes or feeding the cat! The exchange
is natural and meaningful.
【答案】whether
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：你的日常生活就是在这种语言中过的，无论是在削土豆还是在喂猫。句中
whether...or...是固定搭配，“无论是...还是...”，引导让步状语从句。故填 whether。
【例 3】It was a natural step to turn his skills into an opportunity to make all kinds of toys for his young grandson, and
it was not long _______ his son and daughter-in-law decided to video Wang's efforts.
【答案】before
【解析】考查从属连词。句意：不久之后，他的儿子和儿媳决定用视频记录王所付出的努力。此处是句型 It was
not long before…“没过多久……”，before引导时间状语从句。故填 before。
规律方法： 如何判断空格处应填状语从句的连词？
（1）无提示词。
（2）在从句中不作成分。
(3) 主从复合句的连接词：如果两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，那么一定是填引导从句的连接词。
（4）常根据句意填出连词。
【变式精讲】
1.______ we will be saying Farewell to our students, this is not the same as saying Goodbye.
【答案】Although/While/Though
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：虽然我们要与我们的学生告别，但这并不等同于说再见。根据句意以及句中“...this
is not the same as…”可知主从句存在让步关系，故此从句为让步状语从句且本句非倒装结构，故空格处可选的引
导让步状从的连词有“though/although/while”。故填 Although/While/Though。
add so much to people's lives ______you will not be disappointed to have a fur baby in your home.
【答案】that
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：宠物为人们的生活增添了如此多的东西，所以你应该不会因为家里有个毛茸茸
的小东西而感到失望。根据句意可知，此处考查 so…that…“如此……以至于……”引导的结果状语从句，故填 that。
（3）名词性从句的连接词
【做题实践中找规律】
【例 1】Another advantage of learning a language is _______ it will help you understand the culture of the country
you are visiting.
【答案】that
【解析】考查表语从句引导词。句意：学习一门语言的另一个好处是它会帮助你了解你要去的国家的文化。分
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析句子可知这是系动词 is后接表语从句，从句内容、成分完整，使用 that引导从句不可省略，故填 that。
【例 2】That is_______we should learn from them.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：这是我们应该向他们学习的。分析句子结构可知，空格处缺关系词，引导表
语从句，从句中谓语动词 learn后面缺少宾语，应使用 what，指代“学习的东西”。故填 what。
【例 3】Some people have expressed skepticism because it is unbelievable _______ she looks so perfect after a long
day of work in the fields.
【答案】that
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：有些人表示怀疑，因为在野外工作了一天之后，她看起来如此完美，这令人难
以置信。根据句意和句子结构可知，这里含有一个主语从句，it为形式主语，真正的主语为空格处引导的从句，
从句不缺成分，且意义完整，故应用 that引导从句。故填 that。
规律方法：如何判断空格处应填名词性从句的连接词？
（1）无提示词：注意 that和 whether在名词性从句中不作成分，whether有“是否”的意思。
（2）注意 what在名词性从句中的选择，其在从句中作成分，通常作主语，宾语或表语。
【变式精讲】
【例 1】They approved a report that appeared in the publication Bioscience earlier this month. It warns ______ the
world would face "untold human suffering" if it does not make deep and lasting shifts in human activities that influence
climate change.
【答案】that
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：它警告说，如果不对影响气候变化的人类活动做出深刻和持久的转变，世界将
面临“难以言表的人类痛苦”。________ the world would face "untold human suffering" if it does not make deep and
lasting shifts in human activities that influence climate change.是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，也
没有实际意义，用 that引导该从句，所以填 that。
【例 2】Some of the most famous scientists in history have shown that curiosity about the world around them. Charles
Darwin, for example, conducted _______he called “fool’s experiment.”
【答案】what
【解析】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：例如，查尔斯·达尔文进行了他所谓的“傻瓜实验”。根据句意和结构可知，
动词 conducted后面是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，用 what引导。故填 what。
（4）定语从句的关系词
【做题实践中找规律】
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【例 1】I’ve never forgotten Aunt Carmeleta’s advice “Just be yourself.” We need more people in this world
_______give great advice and are kind and caring like Aunt Carmeleta.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在这个世界上，我们需要更多像卡梅莱塔舅妈那样的人，他们能给我们好的建
议，又善良又有爱心。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 people，且先行词在从句中作主语，指人，故用 who引导定
语从句。故填 who。
【例 2】The researchers wrote two versions of their letter, both of _______ were asking for a donation to help with
community activities. But the words were different.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：研究人员写了两个版本的信，都是请求捐款来资助社区活动。分析句子可知，
空格处引导定语从句，现行词是 two versions of their letter，从句中作介词宾语，指物，用关系代词 which，故填
which。
【例 3】The saying “gentleman’s friendship is as light as water”, _______water refers to tea, indicates a kind of deep
friendship.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：俗话说“君子之交淡如水”，在这里水指的是茶，表示一种深厚的友谊。分析句
子结构可知，该空引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词The saying为表示抽象地点的名词，且从句water refers
to tea 中缺乏状语，此处用关系副词 where。故填 where。
规律方法：什么时候填定语从句的关系词？
（1）先判断是定语从句。
（2）找准先行词，看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，然后断定填关系词。
（3）注意 which引导的定语从句，常常指代前面整个句子的内容，没有确定的先行词。
（4）注意 as引导的定语从句。
【变式精讲】
【例 1】Inside your home, be sure to empty containers with water, fix locks on toilets, and stay with your child during
bath time. Any body of water demands serious consideration, _______ must be brought to your attention.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：任何水体都需要认真考虑，必须引起你的注意。分析句子可知这是一个非限制
性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子所表示的内容“任何水体都需要认真考虑”，从句缺少主语，所以用 which
引导从句。故填 which。
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【例 2】According to IBM, it is the first machine ______ can debate complicated topics with humans.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：根据 IBM的说法，它是第一台可以与人类讨论复杂话题的机器。_____ can debate
complicated topics with humans是定语从句，此处先行词在定语从句中做主语，而且先行词前有序数词“the fist”，
故此处只能用关系代词 that。故填 that。
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考点 3 动词的时态、语态和语气
【构建知识体系】
【命题解读】
新课标 要求 命题评价解读
《普通高中英语课程
标准(实验)》明确指出：高
中学生应该学习和掌握的
英语语言基础知识包括语
音、词汇、语法、功能和
话题等五个方面的内容(教
育部)。
考查考生对
语法、词汇和语
用知识的掌握情
况。
语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语
法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变
形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和
语境化特征。
【剖析全国高考真题】
考点三 动词的时态、语态和语气
语法填空
1.（海南卷）Readers ______（encourage）to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of our Further
Resources section featured in each volume.
【答案】are encouraged
【解析】考查语态。句意：我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。主语 Readers
与 encourage之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据文章中的时态可知，用一般现在时。故填 are encouraged。
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2.（新课标 I卷）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon
goddess ______ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】touched
【解析】考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南
极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语 last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填 touched。
3.（新课标 I卷）＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it
_______ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _____ (construct) .＂
【答案】means
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家 Carle Pieters说：“因
为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用
一般现在时，主语是 it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式 means，故填 means。
【答案】is constructed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语 construct与
主语 the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语 the moon是单
数，故填 is constructed。
4.（新课标 II卷）Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _____ (carry) special significance.
【答案】carries
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。分析句子结构可知,空处为从句谓语,且从句主语是动名词短语,故用单数形式,且
与主句的 is呼应,故用一般现在时。故填 carries。
5．（新课标 III卷）The artist was sure he would______(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s
chief minister, the old man laughed.
【答案】be chosen
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。
本句中主语 he与谓语动词 choose构成被动关系，且 would后跟动词原形。故填 be chosen。
6．（新课标 III卷） _When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传
奇的) artist, they smiled and ______ (point) down the river.
【答案】pointed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河
的下游。根据上文 they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填 pointed。
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7.（浙江卷）And，as more children were born，more food ______(need).
【答案】was needed
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和 need之间表
示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不
可数名词。故填 was needed。
8.（浙江卷）By about 6000 BC，people ____(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
【答案】had discovered
【解析】考查时态。句意：大约在公元前 6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分
析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。
by + 过去时间 译为“到……为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填 had discovered.
9.（浙江卷）New methods ______ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需填时
态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所
以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填 meant。
10.（山东卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, _______ (form) the core collection of the
British Museum which/that opened in 1759.
【答案】formed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的 8万件藏品构成了 1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。
此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语 in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填 formed。
11.（山东卷）The parts of a museum open to the public ______ (call) galleries or rooms.
【答案】are called
【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应
使用一般现在时；主语与 call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填 are called。
12.（全国 I卷）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _____ (report) increases in bear sightings around human
settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
【答案】have reported
【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语 in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填 have
reported。
13.（全国 II卷）Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ______(declare) she had no plans to retire
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from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】declared
【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为 Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文 had 以及 said 可知
用一般过去时态，故填 declared。
14.（全国 III卷）Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _____(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，
and visit.
【答案】recommended
【解析】考查一般过去时态。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物
和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填 recommended。
15.（浙江卷）When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ______ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚).
【答案】will have/has
【解析】考查时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是 when引导的时间状语
从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时 will do；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，因此，
本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是 nobody，谓语用 has。故填 will have/has。
16.（浙江卷）One study in America found that students' grades _____ (improve) a little after the school introduced
uniforms.
【答案】improved
【解析】考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是 after引导
的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去式，主句用一般过去式。故填 improved。
17.（全国 I 卷）While running regularly can't make you live forever，the review says it ______(be) more effective at
lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.
【答案】 is
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。本文介绍了跑步的好处，通篇以一般现在时为主。本句中宾语从句与主句的时
态应保持一致，故用一般现在时；且宾语从句中的主语为 it，故用 is。
18.（全国 II卷）Since 2011, the country ______ (grow) more corn than rice.
【答案】has grown
【解析】考查时态。由句中的时间状语 Since 2011可知，此空应用现在完成时。
19. （ 全 国 II 卷 ） The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 － when the government
______(start) a soiltesting program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers－and 2011, fertilizer
use dropped by million tons.
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【答案】started
【解析】考查时态。根据语境可知，此处叙述发生在过去的情况，应用一般过去时，故填 started。
20.（全国 III 卷）I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel
______(challenge)．
【答案】challenged
【解析】考查时态。 此处表示“我迅速低下头避免和它直视，以便它不会感到受到挑战”，主语 he和 challenge
构成被动关系，故填 challenged。
21.（全国 III卷）True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature，the huge animal ______ (mean) me no real harm.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。由于此处描述的动作已经发生，故用一般过去时。
22.（浙江卷） I still remember visiting a friend who'd lived here for five years and I _____(shock) when I learnt she
hadn't cooked once in all that time.
【答案】was shocked
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据语境可知，此处表示“我感到很震惊”，shock与主语 I为被动关系，同时根据后
面的 learnt可知，时态为一般过去时，所以填 was shocked。句意：我还记得访问过一个住在这里 5年的朋友，
当我知道她在这段时间里没有煮过一次饭的时候，我很震惊。
23. （浙江卷） While regularly eating out seems to ______(become) common for many young people in recent years,
it’s not without a cost.
【答案】have become
【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语 in recent years 可知用现在完成时，seems to 后用动词原形，故填 have
become。
【精讲研法】
考点三 动词的时态、语态和语气
【做题实践中找规律】
【例 1】On the other hand, a person who makes eye contact with another person _______(think) to be confident and
bold and courage is always considered a good quality!
【答案】is thought
【解析】考查时态和语态。本文讲的是事实，时态用一般现在时，主语是 a person（定语从句 who makes eye contact
with another person修饰名词 a person），主语 a person和谓语动词 think是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语
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态（am/is/are done），主语是单数，谓语也用单数。故填 is thought。
【例 2】Historically, bamboo, wood or wire ______ (be) used for the frame. The shade was made from delicate paper or
silk. Lanterns were often decorated with Chinese calligraphy, painting and paper suiting.
【答案】was
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据“Historically”可知，本句描述历史上的状况，谓语要用一般过去时时
态 was/were，主语“bamboo, wood or wire”为 or连接的三个名词，谓语的数要遵循就近原则，wire是单数形式，
所以谓语也需用 was体现单数。故填 was。
【例 3】 Since then, the Indian government ______ (declare) 16 no-selfie zones across Mumbai, warning people
themselves taking unnecessary risks.
【答案】has declared
【解析】考查时态。分析句子可知，设空处是句子谓语动词，根据上文的 since then判断为现在完成时，主语 the
Indian government是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填 has declared。
【例 4】For example in a 12-minute video, she, at first, pushed garlic parts into the farm land outside her home; in the
next few minutes, with the sprouts growing, they reached up towards the sky when she _______ (begin) to cook.
【答案】began
【解析】考查时态。句意：当她开始做饭时，蒜苗向天空伸展。空前的“reached”表明陈述的是过去的事情，应
该用一般过去时，故填 began。
【例 5】Healthy environment not only keeps the nature’s balance but ________ (help) in growing and developing all the
living things on the earth.
【答案】helps
【解析】考查时态。此处缺少谓语动词，讲的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语 Healthy environment是单数，
谓语也用单数，应用 helps，本句由 not only…but (also)连接两个谓语动词，keeps和 helps是谓语。故填 helps。
【例 6】In 2017, a survey ______ (conduct) to find out how funding cuts affected museums. The survey stated that
“many publicly-funded museums are facing a funding crisis.”
【答案】was conducted
【解析】考查时态和语态。此处缺乏谓语动词，由时间状语 In 2017 可知，该句使用过去时，而主语 a survey
与谓语动词 conduct是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语 a survey 是单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填
was conducted。
规律方法：如何判断空格处应填时态、语态、语气？
(1) 寻找关键信息词。题干中的某些关键信息对于解答时态、语态、语气类的题目尤为重要。
(2) 利用上下文语境。利用上下文语境是解决时态、语态、语气类题目常用的最有效的方法，
(3) 判断是否是客观真理。如果句子所表达的是客观真理、寓言故事、谚语、格言等，通常用一般现在时。
【变式精讲】
【例 1】So far, the master carpenter, ______(attract) over million subscribers on YouTube. Grandpa·Amu insists
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that he is not an internet celebrity but just an ordinary farmer.
【答案】has attracted
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，这位木匠大师已经在 YouTube上吸引了超过 118万的订阅者。根
据时间状语“so far”可知，此句应用现在完成时，主语为“The master carpenter”，是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单
数形式。故填 has attracted。
【例 2】According to the schedule provided by NASA, the first took place on June 26th and the other ______ (happen)
on July 1st.
【答案】happened
【解析】考查时态。句意：根据 NASA提供的时间表，第一次太空行走发生在 6月 26日，另一次发生在 7月 1
日。此处是 and连接的两个简单句，前一个分句使用的是一般过去时，结合“on July 1st”可知，此处也用一般过
去时，故填 happened。
【例 3】Described as a “left-behind girl” by Chinese media, Zhong ______ (raise) by her grandparents after her parents
left their hometown to work for years in Guangzhou.
【答案】was raised
【解析】考查被动语态和时态。句意：钟被中国媒体形容为“留守女孩”，在父母离开家乡到广州工作多年后，
她由祖父母抚养长大。主语 Zhong和 raise之间是被动关系，该句应用被动语态。且由上下文可知，该句描述的
是过去的事情，应用一般过去时态，主语 Zhong是第三人称单数。故填 was raised。
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考点 4 非谓语动词
【构建知识体系】
【命题解读】
新课标 要求 命题评价解读
《普通高中英语课程
标准(实验)》明确指出：高
中学生应该学习和掌握的
英语语言基础知识包括语
音、词汇、语法、功能和
话题等五个方面的内容(教
育部)。
考查考生对
语法、词汇和语
用知识的掌握情
况。
语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语
法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变
形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和
语境化特征。
【剖析全国高考真题】
考点四 非谓语动词
1.（新课标 I卷）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 _____ (find) and study areas of the
South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此
处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填 to find。
2. （新课标 II卷）They are easy _______ (care) for and make great presents.
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【答案】 to care。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。
故填 to care。
3. （新课标 III卷）The next morning he hired a boat and set out ______ (find) the well-known painter.
【答案】 to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发
去做某事”短语为 set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填 to find。
4. (浙江卷) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ______(change)lives.
【答案】 to change
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动
词 gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填 to change。
5.（新课标 II卷）They represent the earth __________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
【答案】coming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为 represent，
所以这里为非谓语动词。名词 earth与 come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填 coming。
6. （新课标 II卷语法填空）They make great gifs and you see them many times ________ (decorate) with red
envelopes and messages of good fortune.
【答案】 decorated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中 them
指代前句中的 orange trees，与 decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填 decorated。
7. （新课标 III 卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds________ (surround) the
mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
【答案】 surrounding
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子
结构可知，the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语
动词形式，与逻辑主语 clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填 surrounding。
8.（山东新高考 ) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟 ) and imagine
themselves living at a different time in history or _____(walk)through a rainforest.
【答案】 walking
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【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史
时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与 living 是并列成分，共同做 imagine 的宾补，imagine sb doing sth. “想象
某人做某事”。故填 walking。
9. (浙江卷语)Later，they learned to work with the seasons，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， _________
(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
【答案】 making
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的
洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make 所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语 they
之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填 making。
10. （新课标 II卷）They represent the earth ______ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
【答案】coming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为 represent，
所以这里为非谓语动词。名词 earth与 come back to之间为主动关系，所以动名词的复合结构。故填 coming。
12.(山东新高考 ) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟 ) and imagine
themselves living at a different time in history or ______(walk)through a rainforest.
【答案】 walking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史
时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与 living 是并列成分，共同做 imagine 的宾补，imagine sb doing sth. “想象
某人做某事”。故填 walking。
13.（全国 I卷）Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and
are expensive ______ (perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案】to perform
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只
是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用 to perform。
14.（全国 III卷）On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take
_____ (get)there.
【答案】to get
【解析】考查不定式。句中的 would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应
填非谓语动词，故填 to get。
15.（浙江高考）But some students didn't want ______ (wear) the uniform.
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【答案】to wear
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这是 want的固
定用法。故填 to wear。
16. (北京卷)Nervously _____ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be
yourself”.
【答案】facing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析
句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是 I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分
词作状语。故填 facing。
17.（全国 II卷）When we got a call ______ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.
【答案】saying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式 saying作后置定语，解释名词
call的内容，call与 say是主动关系，故填 saying。
18.（全国 III卷）On the last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm
on the North Shore under the stars，_____ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【答案】listening
【解析】考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以 70题空格处动词 listen 应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐
这个动作是由 we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由 and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后
meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填 listening。
19.（浙江高考）When the children are walking or ______ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see
them.
【答案】cycling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连
接两个并列成分，根据 or前的 walking可知，此处要用 cycling。故填 cycling。
20.（全国 I卷）Scientists have responded by _____ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human
settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.
【答案】noting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词 by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填 noting。
21.（全国 II 卷）A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ______ (be)Britain's oldest full-time
employee-still working 40 hours a week.
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【答案】being
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词 for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填 being。
22.（浙江高考）When the children are walking or ______ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see
them.
【答案】cycling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连
接两个并列成分，根据 or前的 walking可知，此处要用 cycling。故填 cycling。
23. 【全国 II】Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ______
(improve) water quality.
【答案】to improve
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词
是 encourages，故 improve 应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填 to improve。
24. 【全国 III】 Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ________ (stay)and watch.
【答案】to stay
【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定短语 allow sb to do允许某人做某事，应该用 to stay。
25.【全国 II】That prevented the emission(排放) of million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting
its environment while ______ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers
worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【答案】feeding
【解析】考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政
策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while 后面省略掉了 China is，省略句的原则：在
时间状语从句、条件状语从句、，让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有 be动词时，那么
可以把主语和 be动词一块省略。故填 feeding。
26. 【全国 III】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't
feel________(challenge).
【答案】looking
【解析】考查动词。动词 avoid后要加 doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用 looking。
【答案】challenged
【解析】考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表
示“被挑战”，用过去分词 challenged。
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27. 【全国 I】You don't have to run fast or for long to see the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still
reduce your risk of ______ (die) early by running.
【答案】dying
【解析】考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处 of是介词，其后用
动名词。故填 dying。
28. 【全国 III】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't
feel challenged.
【答案】looking
【解析】考查动名词。动词 avoid后要加 doing作宾语。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用 looking。
29. 【浙江】 I still remember ______ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt
she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查动名词。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用 remember doing
sth.，故填 visiting。
【精讲研法】
考点四 非谓语动词
【做题实践中找规律】
【例 1】Following the Japanese surrender in 1945, Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist Government reoccupied the
Headquarters-Presidential Palace for ______ (govern) the Republic of China.
【答案】governing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：1945年日本投降后，蒋介石的国民政府重新占领了中华民国国民政府总部
——总统府，为了统治中华民国。分析句子可知，句子的谓语是 reoccupied，govern 作介词 for的宾语，用动名
词，故填 governing。
【例 2】The World Health Organization (WHO) says that 80% of the world’s teens don’t get enough exercise to live
healthy lives. The report, which was published in The Lancet in , was based on research done with students ______(age)
11 to 17 in 146 different countries.
【答案】aged
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：基于对 146个国家 11至 17岁学生的研究，该报告于年发表在《柳叶刀》上。
根据句意和句子结构，这里用 age 的过去分词，形成分词短语 aged 11 to17，作后置定语表示：来自 146个不同
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国家的年龄 11至 17岁的生。故填 aged。
【例 3】AWeibo user remarked, “Li’s success lies in her passion for life.” Another Weibo user wrote, “Thank you for
giving me an opportunity_____ (appreciate) the landscape in the countryside.”
【答案】to appreciate
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：谢谢你给我一个欣赏乡村风景的机会。句中涉及固定短语“an opportunity to do
sth.”，意为“一个做某事的机会”，appreciate 意为“欣赏”，动词词性，to后接动词原形。故填 to appreciate。
【例 4】Food items themselves have meaning _____(attach) to them. In many Western countries, a box of chocolate
would be viewed as an appropriate gift.
【答案】attached
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：食物本身也有其自身的意义。attach与其逻辑主语 meaning 构成被动关系，
应用其过去分词作宾补。故填 attached。
【例 5】Because people and food are mobile, _____(try) to define a country’s culture by what they eat is often
inaccurate.
【答案】trying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：因为人和食物都是流动的，试图通过人们吃什么来定义一个国家的文化往往
是不准确的。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动名词短语作主语。故填 trying。
【例 6】The Chinese master carpenter, Wang Dewen, ______ (know) as “Grandpa Amu” on YouTube, has been
considered as the modern-day Lu Ban.
【答案】known
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在 YouTube上人称“阿木爷爷”的中国木工大师王德文被认为是现代鲁班。短
语 be known as“作为……而为人所知”；句子主语Wang Dewen和 know之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分
词短语作后置定语；know是不规则变化动词，过去分词为 known。故填 known。
【例 7】His most popular video, which shows him making a fantastic wooden arch bridge, rose to fame on the platform,
_______ (gain) more than 42 million views.
【答案】gaining
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他最受欢迎的视频是展示他在制作一座奇妙的木拱桥的视频，该视频在该平
台上一举成名，获得了超过 4200万次的点击量。His most popular video与 gain 在逻辑上是主动关系，此处用现
在分词 gaining 作状语，表示补充说明。故填 gaining。
【例 8】China has named 24,126 primary and middle schools across the country specialist football schools ______(lead)
youth football development, according to the Ministry of Education (MOE).
【答案】to lead
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中主谓宾结构完整，所填词为非谓语动词，此处表示目的，用动词不定式，故填
to lead。
【例 9】This is the first time a large group of scientists have jointly(共同地) used the word "emergency" when ______
(talk) about climate change."
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【答案】talking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这是第一次一大群科学家在谈论气候变化时联合使用“紧急情况”一词。分析
句子结构，when ________ (talk) about climate change.是分词作时间状语，talk 与其逻辑主语 a large group of
scientists之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填 talking。
【例 10】Scientists around the world are looking for all kinds of ways to protect and maybe even revive corals. One
option is _______ (create) more marine protected areas-essentially national parks in the ocean.
【答案】to create/creating
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一种选择是创造更多的海洋保护区。此处非谓动词作表语，是对主语 option
的解释说明，用不定式或动名词均可。故填 to create/creating。
规律方法：如何判断空格处应填非谓语动词？
(1) 正确判断非谓语动词。句子按照结构可分为三类，即简单句、并列句和复合句。并列句和复合句都需要连
词来引导，如果句子中出现了连词，应选谓语动词形式；如果两个结构中未出现连词，则考虑用非谓语动词。
(2) 正确判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间的关系。
确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑
上的动作执行者就叫作逻辑主语。判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被动。非谓语动词作状语时，
其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致，找不到其逻辑主语时，整个句子或句子的主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主
语。正确判断非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系是正确选择非谓语动词形式的保证，不管是作什么成分的非
谓语动词都具有以下特点：
1．如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，可用现在分词；
2．如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，可用过去分词。
(3)正确判断非谓语动词和谓语动词发生的时间先后顺序
非谓语动词具备动词的一些特点，也可以有动作发生的时间。对于谓语动词，我们用时态来表示动词发生的时
间；对于非谓语动词不能用时态来表示动作发生的时间。非谓语动词所表示的时间是一个相对时间，即相对于
谓语动词的时间而言。同时也需要了解非谓语动词的不同形式所指时间的含义。如 to have done，having done
表示该动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生；to be doing，doing强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
【变式精讲】
【例 1】The scientists appealed to nations _______ (use) energy more efficiently and cut their use of fossil fuels.
【答案】to use
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们呼吁各国提高能源使用效率，减少化石燃料的使用。表示“为了提高
能源使用效率”，用不定式作目的状语，所以填 to use。
【例 2】I got tired of studying and finally I refused to attend class, _______(shut) myself in my room for hours.
【答案】shutting
【解析】考查现在分词。分析句子可知，句子的谓语动词是 refused，shut用非谓语动词形式，作状语，句子主
语和 shut之间是主动关系，应使用现在分词作状语，故填 shutting。
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【例 3】The crossbow had the advantage of not only______（send） an arrow with enough force to cut through body
armor（盔甲）but its arrows, being short, could not be shot back by bowmen.
【答案】sending
【解析】考查动名词。句意：弩的优势不仅在于可以射出足够力量的箭来刺穿盔甲，而且还在于它的箭很短，
弓箭手无法反击。分析句子可知，此处应用 send的动名词 sending作为介词 of的宾语。故填 sending。
考点 5 形容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换
【构建知识体系】
【命题解读】
新课标 要求 命题评价解读
《普通高中英语课程
标准(实验)》明确指出：高
中学生应该学习和掌握的
英语语言基础知识包括语
音、词汇、语法、功能和
话题等五个方面的内容(教
育部)。
考查考生对
语法、词汇和语
用知识的掌握情
况。
语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语
法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变
形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和
语境化特征。
【剖析全国高考真题】
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考点五 形容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换
1.（新课标 I 卷）The far side of the moon is of particular ______(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep
craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side.
【答案】interest
【解析】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词 particular可知，空处应填名词，
interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填 interest。
2.（新课标 II卷）Chinese New Year is a ______(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of
spring.
【答案】celebration
【解析】考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词 a 后接名词形式。故填
celebration。
3.（新课标 I卷）Landing on the moon’s far side is ______(extreme) challenging.
【答案】extremely
【解析】考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词 challenging，应使用 extreme
的副词形式，故填 extremely。
4.（新课标 II卷）Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and
office._______(certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
【答案】Certainly
【解析】考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改
变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填 Certainly。
5.（新课标 II 卷） The_______ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾 ) make fantastic
decorations.
【答案】beautiful
【解析】考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词 branches，用形
容词形式。故填 beautiful。
6.（新课标 III卷）One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and
present their _________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
【答案】finest
【解析】考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们
最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级
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finest。故填 finest。
7.（新课标 III卷）As the small boat moved, _______ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains
being silently reflected in the water.
【答案】gently
【解析】考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词 moved
应用副词 gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填 gently。
8.（山东卷）In the 18th and 19th centuries, _________ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects
and works of art.
【答案】wealthy
【解析】考查形容词。句意:在 18和 19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词 people，
应使用形容词，做定语。故填 wealthy。
9. 【全国 III】When they were free from work， they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting
______(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it.
【答案】competition
【解析】考查词性转换。形容词 interesting应该修饰名词，而且空前有不定冠词 an，故填单数名词 competition。
10. 【浙江 6】Other American studies showed no ______(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
【答案】connection/connections
【解析】考查名词。 根据 no 可知，后面需要 connect 的名词形式，语意表示 “联系、连接 ”，故填
connection/connections。
11.【北京】No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various ______(activity) on Earth Day. You
can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save power—the possibilities are endless.
【答案】activities
【解析】考查名词的复数形式，因为前面的形容词是 various“各种各样的”，因此用名词的复数形式 activities。
12.【新课标 I卷】It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ______
(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
【答案】poorly
【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词 poorly修饰谓语动词 has been studied，意为“研
究很少”。故填 poorly。
13.【新课标 II卷】Her years of hard work have ______(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her
to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
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【答案】finally
【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词 have been
acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填 finally。
14. 【全国 I】Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集 ) around human
settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ______ (high) than they actually are.
【答案】higher
【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后 than they actually are可知，此处需用形容词的比较级，故填 higher。
15. 【全国 II】 We are so proud of her. It's ______ (wonder).
【答案】wonderful
【解析】考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。根据前面的We are so proud of her.我们为她感到骄傲和自豪，分析本句
空格前面是系动词 is，后面跟形容词作表语，故填 wonderful。
16.【全国 III】On our way to the house，it was raining ______ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would
take to get there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
【答案】so
【解析】考查固定句型。分析结构可知，此处是结果状语从句，修饰副词 hard应该填 so。“so …that”句型，表
示“如此……以至于”。
17. 【全国 III】They also shared with us many ______(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were ______ (huge)popular
with tourists.
【答案】traditional
【解析】考查词性转换空格处于名词 stories前，判断应该用形容词作定语。故填 traditional。
【答案】hugely
【解析】考查词性转换。空格在句中位于形容词前，所以判断用副词作状语。故填 hugely。
18. 【浙江 6】When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ______ (easy) see
them.
【答案】easily
【解析】考查副词。 根据句中 can see them可知，需要 easy的副词形式来修饰动词，故填 easily。【易错点拨】
注意 easy的副词是 easily，而不是 easely或写成 easyly。
19. 【浙江 6】School uniforms are ______ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some
very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of
British secondary schools wear uniforms.
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【答案】traditional
【解析】考查形容词。 分析句子结构可知，空处作 are后面的表语，所以需要 tradition 的形容词形式 traditional，
表示“传统的”。
20.【北京】Taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源)，Students should have a proper attitude
towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations
for a healthy and ______(meaning)college experience.
【答案】meaningful
【解析】考查词性转换，因 and前为形容词 healthy，此处也应该用形容词形式 meaningful。
21.【全国 I】 Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10
minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ______(cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天 5到 10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根
据句意用复数形式。故填 causes。
22.【全国 II】This switch has decreased ______ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking
water safer for people.
【答案】pollution
【解析】考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。has
decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填 pollution。
23. 【全国 III】My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ______(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
【答案】scientist
【解析】考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。
24. 【浙江】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese _____(dish) is seen as
especially troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填 dishes。
25. 【浙江】Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and
the rise in ______(weigh) problems.
【答案】weight
【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰 problems，故填 weight。
26. 【全国 I】According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ______(long) than
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non-runners.
【答案】longer
【解析】考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活 3年。根据 than可知用比较级，
故填 longer。
27. 【全国 I】Running is cheap, easy and it's always______(energy).
【答案】energetic
【解析】考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据 it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填 energetic。
28. 【全国 II】A taste for meat is ______ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed
chickens, pigs, and cattle.
【答案】actually
【解析】考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填
actually。
29. 【全国 II】 According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ______ (globe)fertilizer
consumption.
【答案】global
【解析】考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的 30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，故应该
用形容词修饰。故填 global。
30. 【全国 III】______(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.
【答案】loudest
【解析】考查最高级。根据后面的 of all可知，他声音最大，所以用最高级 loudest。
31.【浙江】The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be ______(afford) but doing this most days
adds up. There could be an even ______ (high) cost on your health.
【答案】affordable
【解析】考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的，系动词 be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担
得起的”故填 affordable。
【答案】higher
【解析】考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词 cost用形容词，由 even表示程度修饰比较级，故填 higher。
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【精讲研法】
考点五 形容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换
【做题实践中找规律】
【例 1】When corals experience stress from hot temperatures or _______ (pollute),they end their interdependent
relationship with this algae, typically forcing them out and turning white, though one recent study indicates some corals
turn a bright neon color when stressed.
【答案】pollution
【解析】考查名词。句意：当珊瑚遭受到高温或污染，他们结束和藻类的共生关系，迫使藻类离开，珊瑚褪变
成白色。根据并列连词 or和前面的名词 temperatures可知，此处应用名词与 temperatures并列，故填其名词形
式。故填 pollution。
【例 2】As he walked around the block, A．J.’s neighbors friends, and family came up and asked what he was doing, and
he was ______ (pleasant) surprised when they started to join in and donate to the cause.
【答案】pleasantly
【解析】考查副词。句意：当 .走在街区的时候，他的邻居和家人都过来问他在做什么，当他们开始加入并
为这项事业捐款时，.感到很惊喜。分析句子成分可知，此处 pleasantly是副词，用作状语，修饰 surprised。
故填 pleasantly。
【例 3】 “I hope it is just the ______ (begin) for him in understanding on how one person can really make a
_______(different),” said A．J. ‘s grandmother, Kathy Ladd.
【答案】beginning
【解析】考查名词。句意：我希望这只是他理解一个人如何能真正发挥作用的开始。根据前面的定冠词可知，
这里需要一个名词作表语。故填 beginning。
【答案】difference
【解析】考查固定短语。句意见上。根据其前的冠词 a可知，此处应用 different的名词形式，作 make的宾语，
make a difference为固定短语，意为“有影响，起作用”。故填 difference。
【例 4】Lying on the city wall of the west gate of the ancient city in Yueyang City, Hunan province, China, Yueyang
Tower faces Junshan Island and overlooks Dongting Lake, being extremely beautiful and _______ (impress).
【答案】impressive
【解析】考查词形转换。句意：岳阳楼面向君山岛，俯瞰洞庭湖，及其漂亮，给人留下深刻印象。分析该句结
构可知，所填词与 beautiful并列，作动词 being的表语，故用所给词的形容词形式 impressive。故填 impressive。
【例 5】Since ancient times, it has enjoyed the good reputation that Dongting Lake is the ______ (good)among lakes,
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and Yueyang Tower is incomparable among towers. Yueyang Tower’s roof covered with yellow glazed tiles (黄色琉璃
瓦)looks like a general’s helmet in ancient China.
【答案】best
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：自从古代，它就一直享负盛名—洞庭湖是最多湖泊中最好的。根据空前的
the及后面的 among lakes 可知，该处需用所给词的最高级形式 best。故填 best。
【例 6】It is the only ancient ________ (build) with a helmet roof structure (构造) in China.
【答案】building
【解析】考查词形转换。句意：它是中国唯一一个盔式构造的古建筑。根据前面的修饰语 the only ancient可知，
此处需用所给词的名词形式 building。故填 building。
【例 7】After the Tang Dynasty, it _______ (gradual) became a famous scenic spot in which men of letters chanted
poetry and wrote fu.
【答案】gradually
【解析】考查词形转换。句意：唐朝之后，它逐渐成为一个著名景点，在这里文人雅士们吟诗写赋。分析该句
成分可知，所填词在此处修饰动词 became，作状语，故用所给词的副词形式 gradually。故填 gradually。
【例 8】When asked about the most important effects of having healthy confidence, many would likely state
"success," "respect from others," and " _______ (appreciate)."
【答案】appreciation
【解析】考查名词。句意：当被问及拥有健康自信最重要的影响时，很多人可能会说是“成功”、“受到他人的尊
重”和“欣赏”。根据“success（成功）”和“respect from others（受到他人的尊重）”可知此处应使用名词形式，
appreciation不可数名词，意为：欣赏。故填 appreciation。
【例 9】"Happiness, on the other hand, is a feeling that we tend to associate with life satisfaction and well-being, feeling
_____ (health), and having good friends, relationships, and fulfilling careers.
【答案】healthy
【解析】考查形容词。句意：另一方面，幸福是一种感觉，我们倾向于把生活满意度和幸福、感觉健康、拥有
好朋友、人际关系和令人满意的事业联系起来。根据空前的系动词 feeling可知此处要填入形容词作表语，health
（健康）的形容词为 healthy，故填 healthy。
【例 10】All of us here, including our fellows, our staff members and the students of the future will treasure and nurture
them, so that they _______(strong) and develop further with the passage of time.
【答案】strengthen
【解析】考查时态。句意：在座的各位，包括我们的同事、教职员工和未来的学生，都会珍惜它们，让它们随
着时间的推移而不断加深。分析句子结构可知句子主语为“they”，空格处需填动词和 and后的 develop同作谓语
动词且时态一致。故空格处动词时态为一般现在时，strong的动词形式为 strengthen“加强，巩固”。故填 strengthen。
规律方法：如何判断空格处应填容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换？
(1) 正确判断形容词、副词的等级。通过语境或特殊句式确定形容词或副词的等级。
(2) 根据所给词的语法功能（即在句子中作什么成分）确定词的正确形式。
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【变式精讲】
【例 1】We certainly hope to maintain our ______(connect),not only with our former student alumni but also with you,
as their proud parents.
【答案】connections
【解析】考查名词。句意：我们当然希望保持我们的联系。作动词 maintain的宾语用名词，表示具体的联系时，
connection为可数名词，此处用复数表泛指。故填 connections。
【例 2】There is still a need for pet fosters across the US, so if you are_______(interest), you should contact an animal
shelter or rescue near you without________(hesitate).
【答案】interested
【解析】考查形容词。句意：美国各地仍有宠物寄养的需求，所以如果感兴趣的话，你应该毫不犹豫地联系身
边的动物收容所或救援组织。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词作为表语，修饰主语 you，且意为“感兴趣的”，
应用 v-ed形式的形容词，故填 interested。
【答案】hesitation
【解析】考查名词。句意：美国各地仍有宠物寄养的需求，所以如果感兴趣的话，你应该毫不犹豫地联系身边
的动物收容所或救援组织。分析句子可知，设空处应用名词作为介词 without的宾语，hesitation“犹豫”不可数，
故填 hesitation。
【例 3】Life in her hometown, Shenhou town, in Yuzhou City, is much _________ (happy) for Fan, who quit her job
in Beijing and started her own studio with her husband. Jun porcelain is one of the top five Chinese porcelains,
dating back to the Song Dynasty, which is famous for its change of colors when heated in kilns.
【答案】happier
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：辞去了在北京的工作，和丈夫一起创办了自己的工作室，在她的家乡禹州
市的神垕镇生活，对于范玉佩来说更开心了。根据句意可知，用形容词的比较级形式，much修饰比较级。故填
happier。
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专题 02 完形填空
考点 1 词汇复现
【构建知识体系】
完型填空
考点 1词汇复现
考点 2习惯搭配
考点 3行文逻辑
考点 4生活常识和文化背景
考点 5瞻前顾后揣摩语境
【命题解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
在一篇约 250 词的短
文中留出 20个空白，要求
考生从每题的给的 4 个选
项中选出最佳选项，使补
足的短文意思通顺、前后
连贯、结构完整。
既考
查考生的
英语基础
知识，又考
查考生综
合运用语
言的能力，
主要测验学生的语言综合运用能力，包括词语
辨析能力、语法结构分析能力、语篇理解能力、逻
辑推理能力、文化背景透析能力、作者意图剖析能
力和生活常识综合运用能力。该题型分值高（30分，
占整个卷面总分的 45%）、区分度强，是考生最容易
“拉开距离”的一项测试。
【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向
考点 1 词汇复现
1. 【山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some
wetlands which became his second 21 .
21．A．dream B．job C．home D．choice
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个村庄位于一些湿地附近，那里成了他的第二个家。A. dream梦想；B. job工
作；C. home家；D. choice选择。根据空前的 second可知，他出生的村庄是他的家，村庄附近的一些”湿地”成
为了他的第二个”家”。故选 C。
复现的文章内容：
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something disturbing happening around his home.
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2.【浙江卷】The lamb had become separated from its 37 , so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it while Don
stayed in his scat.
37．A．kids B．friends C．owner D．mother
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我跳下拖拉机去照看它，而 Don还坐在它的座位
上。A. kids小孩；B. friends朋友；C. owner主人；D. mother妈妈。根据下文 Lamb and mother，可知小羊是和
它的妈妈走散了。故选 D。
复现的文章内容：
3. (新课标全国卷 II)He bought a book and was surprised to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the
same chair in the same 54 as his father’s painting.
54．A．room B．kitchen C．hall D．garden
54. D考查名词词义辨析。句意：他买了一本书，非常吃惊的发现里面有一幅艺术家 Pierre Bonnard的画，他坐
在和父亲画里面一样的花园里，一样的椅子上。A. room房间；B. kitchen餐厅； C. hall 大厅；D. garden花园。
根据上文的 with a young girl sitting on a garden chair可知此处用“花园”符合语境，garden是原词复现，故选 D项。
复现的文章内容：
4. (新课标全国卷 II)
It was signed(签名) “Bonnato” or so he thought, but when he researched it, he only found “Bonnard,” a French 52
he had never heard of.
52．A．painter B．designer C．author D．actor
52. A考查名词词义辨析。句意：画上署名Bonnato或者他认为是这样，但当他仔细研究它时，他只发现了Bonnard，
一个他从未听说过的法国画家。A. painter画家；B. designer设计师；C. author 作家；D. actor演员。根据下文
的 a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard可知，此处用画家符合语境，故选 A项。
复现的文章内容：
5. (新课标全国卷 I)I have a very strong 51 that the lie we’re telling is doing spiritual damage to our
children.
51．A．demand B．fear C．desire D．doubt
51. B考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。
A. demand要求；B. fear害怕；C. desire欲望；D. doubt怀疑。根据 that the lie we're telling is doing 52 damage
to our children.和Maybe it's an unreasonable fear.可知这是让我强烈害怕的事情。故选 B。
Lamb and mother reunited, I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me.
the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair. It was signed(签名) “Bonnato” or so
he thought,
a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard
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复现的文章内容：
6.【全国新课标 III】As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel
affection, 41 can also drive you mad.
41. A. shopkeepers B. customers C. salespersons D. receptionists
41.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但就像任何一个你喜欢的人一样，顾客也会让你抓狂。A. shopkeepers
店主；B. customers顾客；C. salespersons售货员；D. receptionist接待员。根据上文 I care deeply about
my customers可知作者是生意人，因此此处指的是顾客让自己抓狂。故选 B。
复现的文章内容：
7. (新课标全国卷 I)Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.
They bring with them lots of waste. The ___42___ might damage the beauty of the place.
42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters
考查名词辨析。A. stories故事；B. buildings 建筑物；C. crowds人群；D. reporters 记者。句意：人群可能
会破坏这个地方的美。由“40,000”可知，这是一个庞大的群体。故选 C。
复现的文章内容：
8. (新课标全国卷 I)However, I soon discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of
___46___ among tons of rubbish.
46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones
46. C考查名词辨析。A. equipment装备 ；B. grass 草 C. camps 营地；D. stone石头。句意：我很快发现，自从
那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由下文“at camps ”可知，
本句属于原词再现。故选 C。
复现的文章内容：
9. (全国卷 III)But that changed when a system of high-tech ___46___ was introduced to reflect sunlight from
neighboring peaks(山峰)into the valley below.
46. A. computers B. telescopes C. mirrors D. cameras
考查名词词义辨析。A. computers 电脑；B. telescopes望远镜；C. mirrors镜子；D. cameras相机。根据后文
to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks 可知，从附近的山顶上反射太阳光，故可知，为一枚镜子，故选 C。
Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear
I care deeply about my customers
Every year about 40,000 people
with toilets at camps and along the paths.
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复现的文章内容：
10. (全国卷 III)They reflect a concentrated beam(束 )of light onto the town’s central ___51___, creating an area of
sunlight roughly 600 square meters.
51. A. library B. hall C. square D. street
考查名词词义辨析。A. library图书馆；B. hall大厅；C. square广场；D. street街道。根据后文 The town square
可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上，故选 C。
复现的文章内容：
11. 【全国 I】And, even if I weren’t excited enough about free credits, news about our___44___ was appealing
enough to me.
44. A. title B. competitor C. textbook D. instructor
44. 考查名词辨析。我总是想学象棋，即便是我对免费的学分不激动，单是我们导师的消息就足以吸引我。A. title
头衔；题目；B. competitor竞赛者；C. textbook教科书；D. instructor导师。故选 D。
复现的文章内容：
【精讲研法】——课堂讲解突破核心考点
考点 1 词汇复现
【做题实践中找规律】
【例 1】Images of her childhood flashed past her eyes. There she was, aged three, building a sandcastle on the beach.
Time flew by as those small little 22 changed into stronger ones which were trying to make a castle out of Lego
blocks. Moving on, those hands were suddenly covered with sweat, as she held a pen tightly, while taking her first
major exam.
22．A．hands B．eyes C．legs D．feet
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：时光飞逝，那些小小的小手变成了更结实的小手，它们正在用乐高积木搭
一座城堡。A. hands手；B. eyes眼睛；C. legs腿；D. feet脚。根据下文中的“those hands”可知，此处描述的是
随着时间的流逝这双手的变化。故选 A。
【例 2】How fast time goes by, she thought. We all come into this world with a set of 28 , hopes and aspiration.
We are eager to grow up to achieve these dreams and take over the world. But maybe sometimes in this process, we
He was an international grandmaster 此处 grandmaster和 instructor是近义词
The mirrors are controlled by a computer
The town square was totally flat.
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forget to enjoy the journey.
28．A．conditions B．glories C．dreams D．rules
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都带着梦想、希望和抱负来到这个世界上。A. conditions条件；B. glories
荣誉；C. dreams 梦想；D. rules规则。根据下文中的“hopes and aspirations”和“achieve these dreams”可知，人生
来就带着梦想、希望和抱负。故选 C。
【例 3】
Years ago, there was a heated debate about what belongings people lacked most. Like those who often made a list
of the belongings they wanted to possess, I also created a 42 of my desirables: well-being, care, gift, power,
wealth and reputation.
I eagerly brought it to a wise elder, the spiritual model of my youth, the moment I completed the catalogue.
42．A．boundary B．regulation C．catalogue D．prejudice
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：像那些经常列出自己想要拥有的物品清单的人一样，我也列出了自己想要
的东西：幸福、关怀、礼物、权力、财富和声誉。A. boundary边界；B. regulation管理；C. catalogue目录；D. prejudice
偏见。根据“ the moment I completed the catalogue.”可知，作者列了一份自己想要东西的目录。故选 C。
【例 4】Using a pencil, he crossed out (划掉) all the items I had written down. Afterwards, he wrote down three words,
53 of mind. “It is the present from God for His special followers,” he explained.
“He gives well-being, care and gift to many. Power and wealth are common and reputation is not rare, but peace of
mind is the best of His love, given with great caution.
53．A．magic B．peace C．heaven D．hope
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，他写下了三个字：心安宁。A. magic魔法；B. peace平静，安宁；C.
heaven天堂；D. hope希望。根据下文“but peace of mind is the best of His love, given with great caution.”可知，长
者认为心灵的安宁最为重要。故选 B。
【例 5】
“Mum, what does it mean when someone tells you that they have a skeleton (骨骼) in the closet(衣橱)?” Jessica asked.
“A skeleton in the closet?” her mother paused thoughtfully. “Well, it’s something that you would rather not have 21
know about. For example, if in the past, someone in Dad’s family had been arrested for stealing a horse, it would be ‘a
skeleton in his family’s closet’. He really wouldn’t want any neighbor to know about it.”
21．A．yourself B．nobody else C．anyone else D．someone else
【答案】C
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意：这件事你可不想让其他人知道。A. yourself你自己；B. nobody else没有其他人；
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C. anyone else其他人；D. someone else其他人。此处表示除了自己以外的其他人，且根据下文“He really wouldn’t
want any neighbor to know about it.”可知这件事你可不想让其他人知道。故选 C。
【例 6】“Why pick on my family?” Jessica’s father said with anger. “Your family history isn’t so good, you know.
Wasn’t your great-great-grandfather a prisoner who was transported to Australia for his 25 ?” “Yes. but people
these days say that you are not a real Australian unless your 26 arrived as prisoners.” “Gosh, sorry I asked. I
think I understand now,” Jessica cut in before things grew worse.
25．A．contributions B．passion C．crimes D．errors
26．A．parents B．family C．younger generation D．ancestors
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的高曾祖父不是因为他的罪行被流放到澳大利亚的囚犯吗？A. contributions
贡献；B. passion热情；C. crimes犯罪；D. errors错误。根据上文“great-great-grandfather a prisoner”可知此处指
杰西卡父亲的高曾祖父是一个因为犯罪被流放的囚犯，故选 C。
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：是的，但是现在人们说，除非你的祖先是作为囚犯来到澳洲的，否则你就
不是真正的澳大利亚人。A. parents父母；B. family 家人；C. younger generation 年轻一代；D. ancestors 祖先。
上文提到“great-great-grandfather”可见是指祖先是作为囚犯来到澳洲的。故选 D。
规律方法：完形填空技巧之词汇复现
词汇复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现以及结构复现等。完形填空所选的文章都是具
有逻辑关系、意义相连的语篇，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义或反义、相互照应等
现象。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下
义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章，因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并
记忆相关信息的能力。
（1）原词或同根词复现
原词或同根词复现是指相同的单词或同根词在原文中反复出现，达到衔接文章的目的。
（2）同义词或近义词复现
同义词或近义词复现是指意义相同或相近的单词在原文中反复出现，以达到衔接文章的目的。在做完形填空试
题时，就可以利用这种衔接方式找到要填入单词的同义词或者近义词，从而也就找到了试题的答案。这也包括
了同源词复现，即相同词根构成的不同词性的单词在文章中反复出现。
（3）)反义词复现
反义词复现是指和前文中词义相反的单词在原文中出现，以达到衔接文章的目的。我们可以利用这一衔接手段
在文章中寻找要填入单词的反义词。
（4）结构复现
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有时空格处的信息并不局限于与前一句中某个信息点的重复，可能是与前几句中的某个信息点的重复，也不局
限于同词复现或同义复现，甚至连句式结构都非常类似。
【变式精讲】
【例 1】
Chelsie Hill had dreamed of becoming a dancer since the age of three. That ambition nearly ended one night in
2010. Hill，then a 17-year-old high school student，was in a car accident ，which left her paralyzed(瘫痪) from the
waist down. For most people，that would have ruined any hope of a dancing career. For Hill ,her wheelchair encouraged
her and she wanted to prove that she was still normal .
Hill did it in her 25 right with her non-disabled high school dance team. After graduation，Hill wanted to
expand her dance network to include women like her.
25．A．courtyard B．classroom C．wheelchair D．club
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：希尔坐在轮椅上和她的非残障高中舞蹈队一起表演。庭院；
教室； 轮椅； 俱乐部。根据前文讲她在一场车祸中腰部以下瘫痪，从此坐上了轮椅可知，
她是在轮椅上和她的非残障高中舞蹈队一起表演。故选 C。
【例 2】As I realized not too late, “Strong-willed children are a 33 , not a curse (诅咒)!”（反义复现）
33．A．wish B．blessing C．choice D．fate
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我还不是太晚地意识到“意志坚定的”孩子是幸事而不是祸事时。A. wish
愿望；B. blessing祝福，幸事；C. choice选择；D. fate命运。blessing与 not a curse意义相对。故选 B。
【例 3】I realized this recently while traveling in Italy, where clotheslines are everywhere.“Try to think of it as an art
exhibition ,”I said.“I doubt if our 24 will consider it to be art, ”he said. He had a point . Americans have a
reputation for being anti-clothesline. No one else has a clothesline in my neighborhood.
24．A．children B．parents C．friends D．neighbors
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我怀疑我们的邻居是否会认为这是艺术，”他说。A. children孩子；B. parents
父母；C. friends朋友；D. neighbors邻居。根据后文“Americans have a reputation for being anti-clothesline. No one
else has a clothesline in my neighborhood.”可知丈夫在担心邻居会反对晾衣绳。故选 D。
【例 4】By six p. m., she was already exhausted, but she usually felt it her duty to stay late or go out for or drinks with
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coworkers. Susan wanted to start her own business, and was taking steps to prepare herself financially and
professionally. However, most evenings she was too 26 to make much progress on her own business plan, and
she feared that she’d be stuck in her present job forever.
26．A．nervous B．sad C．excited D．tired
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，大多数晚上她都太累了，无法在自己的商业计划上取得进展，她
担心自己会永远困在目前的工作中。A. nervous紧张的；B. sad悲伤的；C. excited 激动的；D. tired疲惫的。根
据上文“she was already exhausted”可知苏珊每天工作完都太累了。故选 D。
【例 5】This was a smart move for Susan. It also demonstrates an important willpower rule: if you never seem to have
the time and energy for your “I will” challenge, schedule it for when you have the most 35 .
35．A．strength B．interest C．influence D．progress
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这也示范了一个重要的意志力法则：如果你似乎从来没有为你的“I will”挑
战付出过时间和精力，就把它安排在你最有力量的时候。A. strength 力量；B. interest兴趣；C. influence影响；
D. progress 进步。结合上文中“to have the time and energy”可知此处表示如果没有为挑战付出过时间和经历，那
么就把它安排在你最有力量（strength）的时候，其他选项不符合语境。故选 A。
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考点 2 习惯搭配
【构建知识体系】
完型填空
考点 1词汇复现
考点 2习惯搭配
考点 3行文逻辑
考点 4生活常识和文化背景
考点 5瞻前顾后揣摩语境
【命题解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
在一篇约 250 词的短
文中留出 20个空白，要求
考生从每题的给的 4 个选
项中选出最佳选项，使补
足的短文意思通顺、前后
连贯、结构完整。
既考
查考生的
英语基础
知识，又考
查考生综
合运用语
言的能力，
主要测验学生的语言综合运用能力，包括词语
辨析能力、语法结构分析能力、语篇理解能力、逻
辑推理能力、文化背景透析能力、作者意图剖析能
力和生活常识综合运用能力。该题型分值高（30分，
占整个卷面总分的 45%）、区分度强，是考生最容易
“拉开距离”的一项测试。
考点 2 习惯搭配
1. 【全国新课标 I】I hate lying to the kids. One day they’ll 47 and discover that everything they’ve always
known about windows is a lie.
47．A．win out B．give up C．wake up D．stand out
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于
窗户的一切，是一个谎言。A. win out最后获得成功；B. give up放弃；C. wake up开始了解真相；D. stand out
站出来。根据 and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a 48.可知有一天，孩子们会开
始了解真相。故选 C。
2.【全国新课标 I】Windows and doors have important metaphorical(比喻) meanings. I’m telling them they can’t open
what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in life they come to a metaphorical(比喻) door, like an
opportunity(机会) of some sort, and 55 opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just 56 it
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and wonder, ＂What if it isn’t a door?＂ That is, ＂What if it isn’t a real opportunity?＂
Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear. But the 58 is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids.
55．A．by comparison with B．in addition to C．regardless of D．instead of
56．A．get hold of B．stare at C．knock on D．make use of
58．A．safety rule B．comfort zone C．bottom line D．top secret
【答案】D
【解析】考查短语辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是
打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。 A. by comparison with与……
相比；B. in addition to除……之外；C. regardless of不管；D. instead of而不是。对孩子们撒谎，今后，孩子们
面对生活中的“门”时，会观望，而不是打开“门”。故选 D。
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们
不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。A. get hold of抓住；B. stare
at凝视；C. knock on敲击（门、窗）；D. make use of利用。孩子们遇到机会，不是马上抓住它，而是在考虑很
多问题。由此可知，孩子们在凝视着“机会”。故选 B。
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词短语词义辨析。句意：但是，底线是我不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。A safety rule安全守则；B.
comfort zone舒适带; C. bottom line底线；D. top secret绝密的。根据 I shouldn't lie to my kids.可知这是我的底线。
故选 C。
3.【全国新课标 II】It was just after sunrise on a June morning. “Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be 41 to the
public because of Italy’s privacy laws, finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin. As he often did, he
stopped by the “after work auction(拍卖)” run by the Italian police where things found on the trains were sold to the
highest bidder.
41．A．attached B．allocated C．exposed D．submitted
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo完成了一整夜在 Turin一家工厂的工作，他的真实名字因意大利的
隐私法不能暴露给公众。A. attached参加；B. allocated分配；C. exposed暴露；D. submitted上交。根据下文的
because of Italy's privacy可知此处用 be exposed to“暴露”符合语境，故选 C。
4. 【全国新课标 II】His son, age 15, who had 49 an art appreciation class, thought that there was something
unusual about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair.
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49．A．missed B．failed C．taken D．led
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他 15岁的儿子在上一门艺术欣赏课，他认为那幅有一个年轻女孩坐在花园
椅子上的画是不寻常的。A. missed错过；B. failed失败；C. taken拿；D. led导致。根据句意可知，此处考查固
定短语 take classes“上课”，故选 C。
5. 【全国新课标 II】 I remember the first really difficult customer we had at Covent Garden. She was. 49
absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather surprised that she became a “regular". After a while, she 51
for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat
52 , and since she’d found it too much to cope with (应对), she’d taken it out on other people.
49. A. curious about B. displeased with C. patient with D. uncertain about
51. A. searched B. argued C. prayed D. apologized
52. A. by chance B. by herself C. on purpose D. on duty
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她对每件事都很不满意，没有什么是对的，令我相当惊讶的是，她居然成
了“常客”。A. curious about好奇；B. displeased with对……不满意；C. patient with对……有耐心；D. uncert
ain about对……不能肯定。结合后文 nothing was right 可知这个顾客对一切都不满意。故选 B。
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久，她为自己一开始的行为道歉。A. searched搜索；B. argued争论；C.
prayed 祈祷；D. apologized 道歉。顾客一开始很难缠，对一切都不满，结果后来成了常客，她开始为自己一
开始的行为道歉。apologize for“为某事道歉”。故选 D。
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住在一套公寓里，因为她觉得实在难
以应付，就把气撒在别人身上。A. by chance偶然；B. by herself她独自地；C. on purpose故意地；D. on du
ty值班。结合上文 She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat可知女顾客和丈夫
分居了，因此现在是独自住在一套公寓里。故选 B。
6. 【全国新课标 II】Always water it down and don’t let your ego (自我) get 58 . If you do, you won’ be able to
handle it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ruins everyone’s day.
58. A. out of sight B. in the way C. behind the scene D. above the law
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：一定要淡化它，不要让你的自我妨碍你。A. out of sight看不见；B. in the way
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妨碍，挡道；C. behind the scene幕后；D. above the law凌驾于法律之上。上文作者提到不要太在意这些顾客，
要淡化这种不好的情绪，不要让自己的自我妨碍了自己。故选 B。
7. 【浙江卷】
I’ve been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor to get about. My dog Don always sits
beside me in the passenger scat.
One morning I spotted a lost lamb when I was in the top field，near where a motorway cuts through my land. The
lamb had become separated from its mother, so I jumped out of the tractor to_____38____ it while Don stayed in his
scat.
38．A．ask about B．play with C．tend to D．run into
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我跳下拖拉机去照看它，而 Don还坐在它的
座位上。A. ask about询问；B. play with同……一起玩；C. tend to照看；D. run into撞上。上文说小羊和它的妈
妈走散了，所以可以推测出我跳下拖拉机去照看它。故选 C。
8.【浙江卷】My heart froze in my chest as I saw the tractor heading towards the motorway. I ran desperately but failed
to 45 . It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared. The last thing I saw was Don’s face, looking calmly
back at me.
45．A．take off B．catch up C．hold back D．get out
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我拼命地跑，但没能追上。A. take off 起飞； B. catch up追上； C.
hold back阻止；D. get out出去。根据 I ran desperately以及下文 It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.
可知我没有追上拖拉机。故选 B。
9. 【全国 II】
It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central lowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home,
following a weekend of hunting. Ehlers ___41___about the small dog he had seen trembling alongside the road. He had
tried to coax(哄)the dog to him but, frightened, it had ___44___.
41. A. read B. forgot C. thought D. heard
44. A. calmed down B. stood up C. rolled over D. run off
【答案】C
【解析】根据空格前面的 During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting可知，Ehlers打猎一周，正驱
车回家。再根据后面的 the small dog he had seen….frightened, it had 44 .可知，他本想哄劝那条他遇见的狗，
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但是由于受到了惊吓，那条狗跑了，因此他在开车回家的路上一直想着这条狗。此处固定短语 think about想着。
故选 C。
【答案】D
【解析】与前面的 but构成转折的意思，虽然 Ehlers 想哄劝狗，到他身边，帮助它，但是由于害怕，它跑掉了，
也与下文的 lost等呼应。故选 D。
10. 【全国 II】 Jeff had hunted in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog
off. Jeff searched ___55___ for Rosie in the next four days.
55. A. on purpose B. on time C. in turn D. in vain
【答案】D
【解析】 结合上文 Ethers发现了 Rosie 和本句的 Jeff searched 55 for Rosie in the next four days语境，说明
Jeff找了四天，也没有找到他的狗。即徒劳无功。故选 D。
11.【全国 I】The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority
seem to be ___49___.
The best of a Kilimanjaro experience, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are ___51___ as spiritual places
by many cultures.
49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away
51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded
【答案】A
【解析】由“but”可知，前后表示转折关系，说明坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。pay off
得到回报；spread out伸展；blow up爆炸；fade away；逐渐消退。故选 A。
【答案】D
【解析】由“spiritual space ”,可知，山被许多文化视为精神场所。study 学习，研究；observed 观察；explore 探
索；regard认为。be regarded as意为“被视为......”符合句意。故选 D。
12. 【全国卷 III】Wednesday, residents(居民)of Rjukan received their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of
reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to ___48___. The mirrors are controlled by a computer that directs
them to turn along with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather.
48. A. repair B. risk C. rest D. use
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. repair修理；B. risk 风险；C. rest 休息；D. use使用。根据前一句 their very
first ray of winter sunshine可知，获得了冬天的第一缕阳光，是由于反射板投入使用了，故选 D。 put sth to use
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把某物投入使用。
13. 【全国 II】 “Something’s not right !” I took off my T-shirt and ___49___ into the water.
49. A. stared B. sank C. dived D. fell
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据上文皮划艇有麻烦和下文我去帮忙救人可知，我脱掉我的 T恤衫，跳入水中。
A. stared盯着看，目不转睛地看，凝视；B. sank下沉，沉没；C. dived 潜水，跳水；D. fell打倒；击倒。故选 C。
此处是固定短语：dive into the water：纵身跳入水中。
14.【全国 II】I helped carry the young man out of the water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something
___52___ to me.
52. A. happened B. occurred C. applied D. appealed
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据句意可知，当我看着他的脸时，我想到了一些事情。occur跟 to 短语时，表
示“想到”，而不是“发生”，happen后接不定式，是"碰巧"的意思。故选 B。
15. 【全国 II】 I still can’t believe what a coincidence it was. I’m just so glad I was there ___60___ to help my son.
60. A. on board B. in time C. for sure D. on purpose
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词词组词义辨析。我高兴的是我在那儿及时帮助了我的儿子。A. on board在船上；B. in time及
时；C. for sure肯定；D. on purpose目的。故选 B。
【精讲研法】
考点 2 习惯搭配
【做题实践中找规律】
【例 1】Carnegie was popular and always drew favorable attention. He was good at taking 46 of the connections
he made through his business and the social events he attended.
46．A．charge B．advantage C．possession D．notice
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：他善于利用自己通过生意和参加的社交活动建立人脉关系。A charge 充电；B
advantage 优势；C possession 财产；D notice通告。根据“Carnegie took every opportunity”得知，卡内基善于利
生意和社交活动建立人脉关系。take advantage of 是固定短语，表示“利用”，故选 B。
【例 2】As I checked out, the owner of the motel 26 me for staying with him and gave me a fresh red apple to
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eat as I drove on my way.
26．A．assisted B．convinced C．praised D．thanked
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我退房的时候，汽车旅馆的老板感谢我和他待在一起，并给了我一个新
鲜的红苹果让我在开车回家时吃。A. assisted 帮助；B. convinced信服；C. praised赞扬；D. thanked感谢。thank
sb. for doing sth.因做某事而感谢某人。根据下文的“gave me a fresh red apple to eat as I drove on my way.”可推知，
汽车旅馆的老板感谢作者和他待在一起。故选 D。
【例 3】At nearly all of these conferences, I have told my story about how the great service at the Central Motel and the
little extra touch of the fresh red apple on my departure 30 me to stay again.
30．A．insisted B．accepted C．encouraged D．left
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：几乎在所有这些会议上，我都讲述了自己的故事，讲述了中央汽车旅馆的
优质服务，以及临行时新鲜的红苹果给我的一点额外的感动，是如何鼓励我再次入住的。A. insisted 坚持；B.
accepted结束；C. encouraged 鼓励；D. left离开。encourage sb. to do 鼓励某人做某事。汽车旅馆的服务和细节
鼓励了作者再次入住。故选 C。
【例 4】But when I think about the danger, 36 the road is far more dangerous, and also it's something where I'm
not in control.
36．A．crossing B．paving C．mending D．cleaning
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：但是当我想到危险的时候，过马路要危险得多，而且这是我无法控制的事情。
A. crossing 穿过，越过；B. paving 铺路；C. mending修理；D. cleaning打扫。作者对人们的问题，很淡定的回
答，提及危险的话，其实盲人过马路可能会更加危险，这个是他们无法掌控的。cross the road“过马路”，故选 A。
【例 5】Mr. Henry 30 through the streets and drove through red lights. Soon there was a police car behind him.
Mr. Henry raced on until he reached the station. He stopped in front of the station at two minutes to three, and the
young man quickly jumped out of the taxi.
30．A．walked B．flew C．raced D．looked
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Henry 在大街上疾驰，并且闯红灯。10. A. walked走；B. flew飞 ；C. raced
赛跑；D. looked看。由下文“drove through red lights. ”可知，司机开的飞快，race through“疾驰”。故选 C。
【例 6】These experiences taught Aidan that age is only a number and that anyone can make a difference. And he is
determined to 35 his experiences with other kids.
35．A．share B．save C．follow D．ignore
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【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他决定和其他孩子分享他的经历。A. share 分享；B. save 拯救；C. follow
跟随；D. ignore 忽略。share sth. with sb.和某人分享某物。根据"his experiences with other kids"得知，Aidan决定
和更多的孩子分享(share)他的经历。故选 A。
规律方法：完形填空技巧之习惯搭配
英语语言中的很多词汇均以短语搭配的形式出现，完形填空中的词汇也不例外。很多时候，在分析语境、
理清空白处含义的基础上，利用对词汇前后搭配的分析可以快速、准确地推断完形填空的未知信息。所谓前后
搭配主要是指动词(名词、形容词等)与介词的搭配、动词与其宾语的搭配、句式结构和各种习惯搭配。在解答
完形填空题时，充分考虑这些搭配关系，有助于我们做出正确选择。
一、动介搭配
During this period Dale was slowly developing an inferiority complex (自卑感 ), which his mother knew could
________him from achieving his real potential.
A. prevent B. protect C. save D. free
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. prevent阻止；B. protect保护；C. save 拯救；D. free释放。这里考查短语
prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事。他的母亲知道这能够阻止他获得他的真正的潜能。故选 A。
二、动宾搭配
The squirrels had no __12__ coming up right to me for them.
12．A. business B．fun C．problem D．privilege
【答案】C
【解析】have no problem (in) doing sth做某事没问题。松鼠没什么问题，它们直接就过来吃。business商业，
事情；fun快乐；problem问题；privilege 特权。
三、介词搭配
1. ____ me, Simon had become a different person.
A. Because of B. In spite of
C. Apart from D. As for
【答案】A
【解析】考查短语辨析以及对语境的理解。因为我的原因，Simon完全变了一个人。 此处 A.因为；B.尽管；
C.除了……之外；D.至于。根据文意可知选 A。
then showed us a poster she had painted the talent show.
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A. at B. after
C. for D. around
【答案】 C
【解析】考查介词。根据文章内容，这里是老师拿出一张“才艺秀”做的海报。for意为“为…的；供…的。”。
四、句式搭配
__28__she had a slice to eat，she never __29__ the one on her head. It was a fair __30__—I got a pleasure，and she
had yet another tasty treat.
28．A. Even if B．Ever since C．As far as D．So long as
29．A. welcomed B．required C．bothered D．expected
30．A. trade B．competition C．task D．affair
【答案】28-30DCA
【解析】28. D 只要“她”有胡萝卜片吃着，“她”从来就不会为头顶上的东西感到烦恼。even if即使；ever
since自从；as far as就……而言；so long as只要。
29. C 参考上题解析。welcome欢迎；require要求；bother操心，烦恼；expect期待。
30. A 这是一场公平交易——“我”获得了快乐，而“她”也得到另一份美味佳肴。trade 贸易，交易；
competition比赛，竞争；task任务；affair事情，事务。
五、句型搭配
It was then 25 I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on balancing family and work.
A. when B. where
C. which D. that
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查的是“it is … that”强调句型，意为“到那时我才开始感激妈妈在权衡家庭和工作时所面临
的艰难的抉择。”。
六、习语搭配
“You should mind your own ________！” Diane replied and walked into the gentle waves.
A．business B．swimsuit
C．friends D．parents
【答案】 A
【解析】由前文信息可知，她应该是说“你少管闲事”。mind one's own business意为“少管闲事”，符合语境。
【变式精讲】
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【例 1】
“What's all this tree-planting for? " I was asked when I began writing about restoring(修复 ) a piece of land I had
purchased in Somerset. The truth is, I just love trees. And I am not alone “As I get older, all I really 38 is to
plant trees ,” Prince Charles says in a BBC programme in which he is filmed in the wood he planted on the day Prince
George was born.
38．A．object to B．give away C．take up D．long for
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在 BBC的一档节目中，查尔斯王子说:“随着年龄的增长，我真正渴望的就
是种树。”查尔斯王子在乔治王子出生的那天种下树，该节目就是在那片林地里拍摄的。A. object to反对；B. give
away赠送，泄露；C. take up拿起，占据，开始从事；D. long for渴望。根据下文“in the wood he planted…”可知，
查尔斯王子渴望种树。故选 D。
【例 2】
In order to save the environment, everybody has a role to play. The perfect example of someone who knows this well
enough is a 70-year-old grandmother, Pat Smith. 42 with bags, rubber gloves and a rubbish picker, she spent an
entire year collecting rubbish and caring for 52 British beaches after she made it her New Year’s resolution to clean
one beach each week. She even spent her Christmas Day picking up plastic bottles on Trevone Beach.
42．A．Associated B．Armed C．CombinedD．Rewarded
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Pat Smith带着垃圾袋、橡胶手套和捡破烂机，在她年的新年决心之后，她
花了整整一年的时间来捡垃圾，并照顾 52个英国海滩。A. Associated联系；B. Armed武装；C. Combined将……
结合起来 ；D. Rewarded奖励。分析可知，armed with…武装/装备……，这里用比较形象的方式来描述 Pat Smith
当时的形象，她以这些东西来武装自己，故选 B。
【例 3】I hope my efforts will help people be more 55 of their plastic consumption and recycling habits.”
55．A．proud B．curious C．skeptical D．aware
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望我的努力能帮助人们意识到对塑料的消费和回收的习惯。A. proud
骄傲的；B. curious好奇的；C. skeptical怀疑的；D. aware意识到的。这里指帮助人们也形成保护环境的意识，
be aware of sth...意识到某事，符合题意，故选 D。
【例 4】
Molly’s spare bedroom is filled with decades of classroom memories. The school yearbooks pile up on the shelf. Even
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more shelves are full of old lesson plans. “I really need to clear them out,” she admits. But there’s one book Molly will
never 43 . It’s a big book with a striking orange cover, sitting proudly on a table.
43．A．pay for B．put off C．throw away D．hand in
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：但有一本书莫莉永远不会扔掉。A. pay for支付；B. put off推迟；C. throw away
丢弃；D. hand in上交。结合后文可知，这本书里有学生写给她的信，莫莉永远不会扔掉，but表示转折。故选
C。
【例 5】My legs gave 28 as I reached the other side of the road. I should have followed up my “wait” with a
hand on her shoulder, or a(n) explanation of why we were ignoring the green man this time, especially as I had in effect
taught her to cross the road 32 the green flash.
I beat myself up for months, and still do, with flashbacks and horrible assumption about what might have been. 33
your sounding your horn, seeing what I hadn’t seen, I would have been left a mother on the other side of the road,
totally broken.
28．A．in B．up C．way D．life
32．A．regardless of B．at the sight of C．in terms of D．in spite of
33．A．But for B．Thanks to C．Instead of D．In return for
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我走到路的另一边时，我的腿都软了。A. give in屈服，让步；B. give up
放弃；C. give way倒塌，失去控制；D. give life 给予生命。根据最后一段中“horrible assumption”可知，作者当
时吓坏了。故选 C。
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：实际上我已经教会她看到绿灯闪烁就过马路了。A. regardless of不管，不
顾；B. at the sight of一看见；C. in terms of在……方面；D. in spite of尽管。根据第二段中“as the green man flashed,
that my daughter had begun to run into the road.”可推测，女儿之所以会跑向马路，是因为作者曾经教她一看到绿
灯就过马路。故选 B。
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：要不是你按响了喇叭，看到了我所没有看到的，我可能会被遗弃在路的另
一边，一个彻底崩溃的母亲。A. But for要不是；B. Thanks to幸亏 C. Instead of而不是；D. In return for作为……
的回报。根据上文可知，“your sounding your horn, seeing what I hadn’t seen”是实际情况，又根据“horrible
assumption”可知，此处只是作者的一种假设。故选 A。
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考点 3 行文逻辑
【构建知识体系】
完型填空
考点 1词汇复现
考点 2习惯搭配
考点 3行文逻辑
考点 4生活常识和文化背景
考点 5瞻前顾后揣摩语境
【命题解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
在一篇约 250 词的短
文中留出 20个空白，要求
考生从每题的给的 4 个选
项中选出最佳选项，使补
足的短文意思通顺、前后
连贯、结构完整。
既考
查考生的
英语基础
知识，又考
查考生综
合运用语
言的能力，
主要测验学生的语言综合运用能力，包括词语
辨析能力、语法结构分析能力、语篇理解能力、逻
辑推理能力、文化背景透析能力、作者意图剖析能
力和生活常识综合运用能力。该题型分值高（30分，
占整个卷面总分的 45%）、区分度强，是考生最容易
“拉开距离”的一项测试。
【剖析全国高考真题】
考点 3 行文逻辑
1. 【浙江省高考英语试卷】Everyone was so 20 and like-minded that it was very 21 to feel at home.
20．A．confident B．friendly C．energetic D．curious
21．A．funny B．good C．lucky D．easy
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A. confident
自信的；B. friendly友好的；C. energetic活力的；D. curious好奇的。根据后文“and like-minded”可推断，作者感
觉大家都很友好。故选 B。同类关系
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A. funny
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搞笑的；B. good好的；C. lucky 幸运的；D. easy容易的。根据 “that like-minded”和“feel at home”得知大家都很
友好并且志趣相投，感觉到家的温暖很容易。故选 D。同类关系
2. 【浙江卷】My job was to build a stairway out of rock. This meant climbing up and down the side of a mountain
inhabited (栖息) by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard, never 27 .
27．A．hunted B．trained C．seen D．fed
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我应该说他们只被听说过，从没被亲眼见过。A. hunted捕猎；B. trained
训练；C. seen看到；D. fed喂养。根据前文“although I should say they were only heard”可知，作者以前没有见过。
故选 C。转折关系
3. 【·山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】 A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had
driven away a number of birds. 25 , the number of snakes had declined as well.
25．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise
25．考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides此外，另外；B. However但是；C. Therefore
因此；D. Otherwise 否则。根据 as well可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故
选 A。并列关系
4. 【·天津卷】Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated of her money. The lady
would get a call from a stranger every morning who eventually made her believe that he was her friend, and then she
lent him about “￡31,000 . Jones was 21 when she said that she didn’t actually mind being cheated. “Otherwise,
I would never speak to another person for weeks on end,” she said.
21．A．ashamed B．shocked C．excited D．amused
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时，琼斯很震惊。A. ashamed羞愧
的；B. shocked震惊的；C. excited 兴奋的；D. amused愉悦的。按照正常的逻辑，一个人被骗了很多钱，她一定
会很生气。然而，这位老妇人却说她不介意。所以琼斯很震惊。故选 B。因果关系
5. 【·江苏卷】 When Wilson heated it, the container 43 , leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes.
43．A．erupted B．exploded C．emptied D．exposed
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当威尔逊把它加热时，容器爆炸了，导致威尔逊失明。A. erupted爆发，喷
出；B. exploded爆炸；C. emptied腾空，掏空；D. exposed揭露，使暴露。因为容器内装的不是水，而是更容易
挥发的物质，所以，当威尔逊把它加热时，容器“爆炸”了，导致Wilson失明。故选 B。（因果关系，爆炸是失
明的原因）
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6.【·江苏卷】He learned braille (盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There,
he not only did well as a student but also became a(n) 47 public speaker.
47．A．accomplished B．crucial C．specific D．innocent
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他不仅是一名出色的学生，而且成为了一名出色的演说家。A.
accomplished才华高的，有成就的；B. crucial至关重要的，关键性的；C. specific特定的，具体的；D. innocent
无辜的，天真的。前一句提到威尔逊很快学会了盲文，并在伍斯特盲人学院继续接受教育。结合该句中的 not
only…but also…可以推知，他不仅是个好学生，而且是个非常好的公共演说家。故选 A。递进关系
7. 【·江苏卷】 Wilson received several international awards for his great contributions. He lost his sight but found a
54 . He proved that it’s not what happens to us that 55 our lives-it’s what we make of what happens.
54．A．fortune B．recipe C．dream D．vision
55．A．distinguishes B．determines C．claims D．limits
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他失明了，但找到了视野。A. fortune运气，财富；B. recipe食谱，秘诀；
C. dream梦，梦想；D. vision视野。根据前文叙述可知，虽然威尔逊失明了，但是他却通过努力，帮助了很多
人，为世界做出了巨大贡献。由此推知，他虽然看不见，但是他的“眼界”开阔，做到了很多人都做不到的事情。
故选 D。（转折关系）
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活，而是我们如何
看待发生的事情。A. distinguishes区分，辨别；B. determines决定；C. claims宣称；D. limits限制。结合第一段
中的“Success fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the in our lives”可知，成功从根本上取决
于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。即：并不是发生的事情“决定”我们的生活，而是我们对发生的事
情的看法“决定”了我们的生活。故选 B。（并列关系）
8.【·全国新课标 II】It was just after sunrise on a June morning. “Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be 41 to the
public because of Italy’s privacy laws, finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin.
41．A．attached B．allocated C．exposed D．submitted
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo完成了一整夜在 Turin一家工厂的工作，他的真实名字因意大利的
隐私法不能暴露给公众。A. attached参加；B. allocated分配；C. exposed暴露；D. submitted上交。根据下文的
because of Italy's privacy可知此处用 be exposed to“暴露”符合语境，故选 C。（因果关系）
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9. 【·全国 II】He had tried to coax(哄)the dog to him but, frightened, it had ___44___.
44. A. calmed down B. stood up C. rolled over D. run off
【答案】D
【解析】与前面的 but构成转折的意思，虽然 Ehlers 想哄劝狗，到他身边，帮助它，但是由于害怕，它跑掉了。
故选 D。（转折关系；因果关系）
10. (·江苏) Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was raised by human caretakers. This led to an unexpected
consequence, though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had never taken herself as a crane and become deeply
attached to humans. She refused to live with male cranes, and even had a reputation for killing some of them, which
made it impossible for her to become a mother.
___46___, the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the extinction(灭绝)of this precious species. With their patience and
efforts, they successfully developed a combination of artificial breeding(人工繁殖)and natural reproduction.
46. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Instead
【答案】C
【解析】根据前文可知，Emma拒绝和雄鹤一起生活，甚至想要杀死它们，据此可以判断，这很难能让她成为
母亲；根据该句可知，这两位动物园员工不想看到这个珍稀物种绝迹，据此可知，空处前后文之间为转折关系，
However然而，表示转折，故选 C。（转折关系）
11.【·全国卷 III】The 3,500 residents cannot all enjoy the sunshine at the same time. ___57___, the new light feels like
more than enough for the town’s sun-starved residents.
57. A. Instead B. However C. Gradually D. Similarly
【答案】B
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. Instead代替；B. However然而；C. Gradually逐渐地；D. Similarly 相似地。前
一句意思为并不是 3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，后一句，新的光线为小镇人们的意义不仅仅提供光线，
故可知前后句属于转折关系，故选 B。（转折关系）
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【精讲研法】
考点 3 行文逻辑
【做题实践中找规律】
【例 1】Blue interrupted: “You only think about the earth, 44 consider the sky and the sea.
44．A．and B．so C．or D．but
【答案】D
【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：蓝色打断他的话:“你只考虑了地上，但想想天空和海洋吧。”A. and和；B. so
所以；C. or或者；D. but但是。根据前后文逻辑可知，其他颜色只从大地的角度考虑，未想到天空和大海，前
后逻辑为转折关系，故用 but。故选 D。
【例 2】The incident reminded me that 34 minor complaints, we have a wonderful life. Even when
Thanksgiving is past, I still plan to continue this thankfulness journey. I think it can change an attitude to gratitude .
34．A．in spite of B．in terms of C．in case of D．in place of
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：这件事提醒我，尽管有一些小抱怨，我们的生活还是很美好的。A. in spite
of尽管……；B. in terms of从……角度看；C. in case of万一……；D. in place of代替……。根据“minor complaints”
以及“a wonderful life”可知，前后部分存在对立关系，本句意在表示，尽管生活中有些微不如意之处，但整体而
言我们的生活很美好。故选 A项。
【例 3】
Sometimes we get lucky when we do something wrong. 53 , sometimes we don’t. I often wonder what
became of those who didn’t make it to graduation. The surest way to stay out of trouble is to avoid it in the first place.
53．A．Anyhow B．Furthermore C．Still D．Therefore
【答案】C
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：有时候我们做错事是很幸运的。但，有时我们却不是。A. Anyhow 总之，
无论怎样；B. Furthermore 此外，而且；C. Still 但；D. Therefore 因此。根据句意“有时候我们做错事是
很幸运的”和“有时我们不是”可知前后文为转折关系，所以应用 still(但)连接，故选 C。
【例 4】I wanted him to experience his freedom, along with feeling playing in the snow, 27 I didn't let him out
often.
27．A．when B．after C．until D．since
【答案】D
【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我想让他体验一下他的自由，感受一下在雪里玩耍的感觉，因为我不经常
让他出去。A. when当……时候；B. after在……之后；C. until直到；D. since自从，因为。引导原因状语从句，
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表示“因为”应用 since。故选 D。
【例 5】
The farmer was tempted to fire him on the spot. 50 , he hurried outside to prepare for the storm. To his
amazement, he discovered everything had been tied down. The cows were in the barn, the chickens were in the coops,
and the doors were barred.
50．A．Therefore B．Instead C．Meanwhile D．Moreover
【答案】B
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他急忙跑到外面去准备迎接风暴来袭。A. Therefore因此；B. Instead
反而；C. Meanwhile 同时；D. Moreover而且。上文提到农场主本来想立即解雇这个人，结果相反，他自己跑到
外面为风暴做好准备去了。故选 B。（相对关系）
【例 6】Thanks to her mom's influence，Loida grew up to become a doctor, which was her mom's childhood dream.
After working for 10 years and saving some money，she thought it was her turn to make her mom proud! 50 , she
began to study for a doctor's degree. But Loida decided to keep it a secret from her mom---for nearly three years !
50．A．Still B．Even C．Again D．Then
【答案】D
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：后来，她开始攻读博士学位。A. Still仍然; B. Even甚至; C. Again又一次; D.
Then然后。前面谈到她下决心要让妈妈为她感到骄傲，因此这里在谈：然后，就开始攻读博士学位。故选 D。
（先后关系）
规律方法：完形填空技巧之行文逻辑
完形填空首先考查的就是考生对文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空时，应把它看作一个意思连贯、
结构完整的语篇，而不是单项填空。做题时要善于利用段首句或首段最大限度地获取信息。完形填空的首句或
前几句话一般都是完整的，为考生提供足够的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，为理解文
章大意和主要内容提供必要的线索。此外，完形填空是具有完整内容且按照一定思路发展的文章，各段及各句
之间都有逻辑上的必然联系，因此还要注意把握文章发展的基本线索，搞清段与段、句与句之间的逻辑关系。
答题时，考生首先要树立起语篇概念，抓住文章主题思想，理清其结构布局， 明辨句子之间以及段落之间的
关系，利用句与句、句群与句群之间的逻辑关系解题。句子之间的逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系(连接词有 and，
while 等)；转折关系(连接词有 but，however，whereas，nevertheless 等)；因果关系(连接词有 so，therefore，
thus，because, for，since，as等)；让步关系(连接词或短语有 though，although，despite, in spite of等)；条件
关系(连接词或短语有 if，unless, once，provided that，in case of等)；解释关系(连接词或短语有 .，that is to
say, in other words等)；顺序关系(连接词有 before，after，and，first，second，then，next, finally 等)。
一、因果关系
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(节选) I'd always thought，while slicing up carrots，that the end looked like a cap.__25__one day，just to see what
she would do，I gently placed one on top of the groundhog's head.
25．A. While B．Or C．So D．For
【答案】C
【解析】因此，有一天，想看看“她”会怎么做，“我”就轻轻地放了一个在那只土拨鼠的头顶上。前后两句为因
果关系。
二、同类关系
(节选)On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for 5 the
towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.
A. washing B. using
C. dropping D. replacing
【答案】C
【解析】文中 not cleaning up和 refusing to do与选项中 dropping存在同类关系。另一方面，青少年认为父母因
为仅仅是把浴室里的毛巾掉在地上、不清扫房间和拒绝去超市买东西，这些小事而责怪他们而不耐烦。该空要
根据连词 or和其所连接的“not cleaning up”和“refusing”判断。“乱丢”和“不清扫” 、“拒绝买东西”并列，故选 C。
三、相对关系
(节选 )Although I would sure carry the pain of 26_______ with me along, Ahmed reminded me of the abundant
27_______ in the world.
26. A. loss B. failure C. fear D. reg
