ֻ20ज ֻ3௹ֹაֹྐ༏॓࿐ 2004୍5ᄅ GeographyandGeo-InformationScienceMay2004ඣಃᇅ؇Ԋაඣሧჷνಆୡ৫ѯ1,Խد2(1.ᇏݓֹᇉն࿐ߌ࿐ჽ,Кݱ430074;2.ᇏݓֹᇉն࿐ྐ༏۽ӱ࿐ჽ,Кݱ430074)ᅋေ:ຯཽݓඣሧჷνಆ֥۴ჷᄝႿഠ߶ሇ௹֥ඣಃᇅ؇Ԋ,ᇶေіགྷᄝ:ඣሧჷ֥ಃඋԊaุܵᇅԊa౼ඣྸॖᇅ؇აඣಃࢌၞ֥Ԋa൬ၭٳಃ֥Ԋa ၛದູЧ ჰᄵაඣሧჷӵᄛ৯֥Ԋ֩bࢳथᇅ؇Ԋ֥ቋࡄ֥a္൞ື၂֥ࣥ൞ൌീᇅ؇ԷྍbܱՍ:ඣಃᇅ؇;Ԋ;ඣሧჷνಆᇏٳোݼ: ໓ངѓ്:A ໓ᅣщݼ:1672-0504(2004)03-0061-03 2000୍ᄝථ֣ۢغଉᅺष֥ݓ࠽ඣษં߶֥ᇶඋႿݓࡅ෮Ⴕbඣሧჷ֥෮ႵಃႮݓༀჽսіݓࡅี൞ 21ൗࡀ֥ඣνಆ ,ಪູඣሧჷνಆЇও:ಒЌྛ ,ૼಒਔݓࡅ൞ඣሧჷ෮Ⴕᆀ֥ᇶุbऎุ֎ඣaခݚބཌྷܱ֥ള༢֤֞Ќބڿ;ಒЌ֞თࠇᆀੀთ,ඣمܿק,ֹٚᆟکࠇੀთࠏܒսॖӻ࿃ؿᅚބᆟᇍ໗ק֤֞ࡆ఼;ಒЌૄ۱ದିܔၛіݓࡅྛ෮Ⴕᆀᇶุ֥ಃ০,ֹࠧٚᆟکࠇੀთࠏॖӵ൳֥षᆦࠆ֤ቀܔνಆ֥֎ඣটЌӻࡲूބپܒӮਔඣሧჷ֥෮Ⴕᆀ,ཚႵؓඣሧჷ֥Ⴈಃa൬ڶ֥ളࠃ;ಒЌದૌ҂൳აඣႵܱᄙݝ֥༛[1]bၭಃ,ᄯӮֹٚᆟکࠇੀთࠏܒࠢ Ҋჴ a ᄎჴ ݓඣሧჷᇗ؋ಌ,ದनඣሧჷਈࣇູൗࢸनඣദٺႿ၂,ุࣼ҂ॖх૧ֹӁളਔ༯ਙ໙ีbֻ၂,֥1/4,ൈॢٳ҃҂न,Ⴎඣሧჷ؋ಌႄؿ֥ႨඣᄯӮݓࡅඣሧჷ෮Ⴕಃ֥ྴᇂ,ݓࡅ০ၭ֤҂֞Ќ؛ರၭࡕ,ೌ҂ࣇᄯӮऍն֥ࣜ࠶ാ,طᆚඣaఽᆣb൧ӆࣜ࠶่ࡱ༯,ದ֥ྛູ൳০ၭ౺,ສສູඣaऊᇙྀ࣯֩ٴൈႵؿളb۷ᇗ֥൞ඣᇉາࠏሔᇯ০ၭطಌാ҆ٳྟbֹࣼٚᆟکࠇੀთࠏܒၘӑݖඣਈາࠏ(ࡻ໓ট,2002),ݓ֥ඣሧჷνಆᆞط,၂࠭০ӈۚႿݓࡅ০ၭbᆄࡾസၬ൧აת૫ਢሢᇗຯཽbඣሧჷνಆ໙ี҂ࣇؓਁൊνಆaဝ൧֥5000ຣm3ඣ ֥ु൯ᆀࢌၞ ໙,ีᄝഠ߶ഈࣜ࠶νಆᄯӮᆰࢤຯ,ཽߎࡼ႕ཙ֞ഠ߶໗קބݓࡅႭః൞ඣሧჷ҆ႄఏܼٗ႕ཙაᆚ,ંఃჰၹᄝႿνಆbႄؿඣሧჷνಆ֥۴ჷ҂ࣇᄝႿඣሧჷ֥؋ඣሧჷ֥ಃඋ໙ีೂޅࢸק,චٚ൞ڎႵಃ০ࣉྛࢌಌ,ၛਙ֥ඣሧჷ؋ಌჹࢠݓᇗ,ఃඣሧჷၞ,ֹٚᆟکაݓࡅ֥০ၭೂޅٳ֩໙ี҂ౢbᄝνಆྙ൝ಏႪႿݓbгᆀಪູ۴Чჰၹᆭ၂ᄝႿଖᇕӱ؇ഈ,ݓࡅ෮Ⴕ֩Ⴟದದ෮Ⴕ,ದದ෮Ⴕൌ࠽ݓඣಃᇅ؇νஆ֥҂ປ,ࠧሇ௹֥ඣಃᇅ؇Ԋഈ֩ႿದದીႵ,ᄯӮݓࡅඣሧჷ෮Ⴕಃ֥ྴᇂ,֝ؓඣሧჷνಆܒӮᇗຯཽb ᇅ؇൞၂ᇕഠ߶ѰᇁݓႵሧჷሧӁ֥նਈੀാbֻؽ,ֹٚᆟکࠇੀთᒮܿᄵ,൞ದૌ෮Էᄯ֥Ⴈၛཋᇅཌྷࢌສྛູ֥ॿࠏܒսіݓࡅྛඣሧჷ෮Ⴕᆀಃ০,၂۱ֹٚᆟࡏ [2],ඣಃ൞ᆷ ඣሧჷ༎ಌ่ࡱ༯ದૌႵܱඣሧჷکೂޅটЌᆣᆜ۱ੀთఃֹ֥০ၭ,ೂޅླྀטაಃ০֥ሹބ(Їওሱ࠭ࠇದ൳ၭࠇ൳֥ಃ০),ఃఃֹ֥ඣ൙ܱ༢;ੀთࠏܒႻೂޅԩა۲ֹٚቋᇔॖ݂ࢲູඣሧჷ֥෮ႵಃaႨಃބࣜႏಃ[3] bᆟک֥ܱ༢ބ০ၭԊ;ֹٚᆟکࠇੀთࠏܒೂޅЌଢభݓႮႿᇅ؇ࡹഡ֥ᇌ,ުᇅ؇ߌᄝڿᆣᆜ۱თࠇੀთ֥ඣሧჷνಆ?ଢభݓഡႵэ,طӁಃᇅ؇ᄵಌكԷྍ,ࡆᆭᇅ؇эథ֥ਫ਼ࣥ၇۱ੀთࠏܒ,ڵᄳ۲ሱੀთ၂֥ඣሧჷܵ,ྍ֥ঠa۱љ࠻֤০ၭᆀ֥ದູᅰθ֩ᇁඣಃᇅ؇Ԋඣمಒקਔᆃུੀთࠏܒ֥مੰֹ,໊ੀთࠏܒაರࡶԛ,ᆰࢤຯཽሢݓ֥ඣሧჷνಆbֹٚᆟک֥ܱ༢ಯٳᒹᒸ,০ၭԊൈႵؿള,ֹٚᆟکѩ҂ӵಪੀთࠏܒֹ໊֥ބಃຯbؓପུી1 ඣಃᇅ؇Ԋ֥іགྷഡੀთܵࠏܒ֥ᇏཬފੀ,ֹٚᆟکሱಖӮਔື၂ ඣሧჷ֥ಃඋԊކم֥ܵᆀ,ॴთފੀ֥۲ֹٚᆟکᆭࡗೂޅ2002୍ྩרaϯ҃!֥ඣم∀ֻ่ܿק, ඣሧჷটླྀטഈaᇏa༯Ⴓᆭࡗ,ቐaႷρᆭࡗ֥Ⴈඣ؛? ൬۠ರ௹:2004-03-26; ྩרರ௹:2004-04-20 ቔᆀࡥࢺ:ୡ৫ѯ(1966-),ଳ,ࢃഽ,Ѱൖ࣮ള,Ֆ൙ඣሧჷࣜ࠶֥࢝࿐ა॓۽ቔb
ֻ62်ֹაֹྐ༏॓࿐ ֻ20जԊ߶҂؎ؿളbފ༆ሼെရފੀთ༯Ⴓੳᇝᇯٚمഈ,ႮႿනົބྛູܸ,ྟಯၛ࠹߃ࣜ࠶ุᇅູࡶཨാaള߄ᇗ,ࠧඪૼਔᆃུ໙ีbֻ,ᄯᇶ,Ԋაশٮᄝ෮૧bӮ ܄ֹИख ֥ഈဆb෮ ໌܄ֹИख ൞ᆷ၂ॶତ ౼ඣྸॖᇅ؇ཟඣಃࢌၞᇅ؇ݖ؈ֹၹӁಃࢸק҂ౢ,ದದॖၛሱႮ٢ତط҂ླᆦڱݓༀჽႿ1993୍6ᄅϯ֥҃!౼ඣྸॖᇅ؇ൌീޅٮႨ,طದದ҂ӵքົٮႨbၹՎ,ದૌϷم∀(ၛ༯ࡥӫ!Ϸم∀),؟୍টໃࣉྛݖޅྩཋᇅֹঔն٢ତඔਈ,ᆰ֞ତֹ४ࢰູᆸbݓଢڿ;ྍ֥ඣم္ಒಪݓൌ ྛ౼ඣྸॖაႵӊႨభ֥ඣሧჷࣼ൞ᆃᇕሑঃ,ದದႨᆭ,ಏದЌbᇅ؇ bᆃུ൞࠹߃ࣜ࠶ุᇅ֥Ӂ,උྛᆟ؎,Ⴎഈඍॖၛुԛ,ෙಖඣمૼಒਔඣሧჷ֥ಃඋ,ؓႿඣሧჷ֥षؿa০ႨaЌႵሢᇭ؟р؊,ఃᇶေൌ࠽ഈᄯӮਔඣሧჷ෮Ⴕಃ֥ྴᇂ,ႄؿಃඋԊ,іགྷᄝ:1)౼ඣྸॖᆺؓପུཌྷؓਈն֥౼ඣྛູႵᄯӮݓႵሧӁ֥ੀാ,ᆰࢤ႕ཙ֞ඣሧჷ֥νಆbི,ؓഒਈ౼ඣ֥ᄵ૧Ⴭ౼ඣྸॖണ౨, ഒਈ ֥ऎ ุܵᇅԊุඔحᄵႮ۲ֹٚᆟک۴ऌླေܿק,ᆃсಖֹ֤ᄝ࠹߃ࣜ࠶ൈ௹,ݓ֥ඣሧჷุܵᇅ൞ൌྛٚ০ၭᅝഈڄbၛފੀခρ֥୪ြܹۃႨඣູ২,ള҆ܵათܵཌྷࢲކ,ᇏန҆۴ऌᆯି۲ܵӁֆ໊ၛ၂ࡅ၂ູᇶ,۲ႚႵ၂ཬඣЬ,౼ඣ၂ॶ,۲္ֹٚഡᇂཌྷႋࠏܒؓ१ܵb ؟ܵඣ ਈၹླطק,ֆ໊Ⴈਈ҂ն,ඔຣമᇀඔຣ֥अ૫҂ࣇິМਔඣሧჷሱദ֥ܿੰ,طದֹູᄯඣЬԎႨ֥ඣਈᄵ൞၂۱ࣙದ֥ඔሳbᆃུႨඣ࠻ӮႨඣࠁބඣሧჷশٮᇗ֥अ૫bູൌགྷඣሧ҂ବೆੀთႨඣ࠹߃aണ౨౼ඣྸॖ,္҂࢚ବඣሧჷ֥Ⴊ߄ᇂaЌඣሧჷaࡹ৫ࢫඣഠ߶,2002୍ჷٮ,ᄝଖᇕӱ؇ഈ֩Ⴟ൞ሧჷሧӁ֥শٮbߛފੀݓ!ؓඣم∀ࣉྛਔྩר,ૼಒݓ֥ඣሧჷุܵთ֥౦ঃࣼ൞ೂՎbࣼ၂۱ੀთط,ંފԫࣥੀᇅ൞ ੀთܵათܵཌྷࢲކ ,ѩטᆜਔᇏန༢ߎ൞ֹ༯ඣ༢,൞၂۱ປᆜ֥ඣሧჷ༢,֥҆҆ٳᆯିb൞,ႮႿᇅ؇эథ֥ਫ਼ࣥ၇ঠބޅದֹູࡼఃٳطᇅᆭaٳطႨᆭ֥ྛູ൞ິМ࠻֤০ၭᆀ֥ದູഡᅰaᇅ؇Էྍ҂Ӟ,ָ࠹߃ࣜ࠶ሱಖܿੰ֥bݓ֥౼ඣྸॖᇅ؇ࣼ൞ೂՎ,!Ϸุᇅა൧ӆࣜ࠶ุᇅ֥Ԋ၇ಖૼཁ,ᇶေіགྷᄝၛم∀ܿק,۲ֹ֥ඣྛᆟᇶܵ҆ڵᄳ౼ඣྸॖ֥ണ༯ٚ૫:1)ሔᇯ০ၭ֝ᇁ ֥؟ܵඣ b҆ᆭࡗ֥౨aሙ,طੀთࠏܒ္Ⴕཌྷႋ֥ಃཋ,ᆃсಖᄯӮᆯିטᆜѩ҂Ӟ,ָඣሧჷཞ၂ॶپഹ֥֑Ф్֤თაੀთaअ҆০ၭაᆜุ০ၭ֥؛bᄝߛފੀਬϖઋ,۲ሱᄝӇ֑֥ૅൈ,රެીႵದ߶თ,ߛފඣ০ჴ߶ؿ֥౼ඣྸॖᆣФֹٚඣྛᆟᇶᄝၩ֑൞ڎ߶Ⴕӹປ֥ൈީbඣሧჷ֥ॖᄜളྟܵ҆൪ູ,఼ིྛჍၛᇗؿb2)!Ϸم∀ֻ35่ܿ൞Ⴕ่ࡱ֥,ඣ໓࿖ߌ၂֊ᄥ֞ߊ,ඣሧჷࡼ҂ॖק, ඣሧჷپֹ֥,സࠩದᆟکᆘ֤ݓༀჽඣᄜളb෮ၛ,҆০ၭა၂֥ܵ؛ᆞᄝࡼඣሧྛᆟᇶܵ҆ၩ,ॖၛ߃קᄠ҂ൌྛ౼ඣྸॖᇅ؇ჷνಆ၂҄҄ཟ ࿇ шჸb2)Ⴈඣ֥൧ӆ߄ྛ֥ٓ ຶbؓႿپඣֹ֥ۀ,ࠇᆀඪದनႚႵູაܵඣ࠹߃ܴ֥Ԋb൧ӆࣜ࠶ุᇅቋࠎЧ֥ඣਈ֥ح؇ղ֞ࠇӑݖ؟ն֥ਈࣼ൞پඣֹ,!Ϸหׄ൞൧ӆؓሧჷᇂఏࠎԤྟቔႨbᄝ൧ӆࣜ࠶م∀ᇏીႵඪૼbᆃ֩Ⴟᄝᇅ؇Ҫ૫ഈᄍྸ۱љֹᇏ,ሧჷሱಖֹੀཟ০Ӂԛ֥ۚ҆,གྷᄝݓ֥ሱႮֹႨඣ,࠻ਈ֥ཋᇅ,္ࢌବඣሧჷٮ֥ၬ၂ֹུטᆜ୪ြᇕᆱࢲܒ,ࡼࢫჅ֥ܹۃႨඣൌྛༀ,ቕ൪ݓႵሧჷሧӁ֥ੀാb ୪ሇ٤ ,ၛ֤۷֥ۚࣜ࠶Ӂԛb൞,ඣྛᆟᇶႿၛഈ໙ี,ݓંࢸؓႿඣಃࢌၞ֥ษંܵ҆ؓඣሧჷི֥֮ੱӁԛ൪ط҂,ຂൌ࠽,٤ӈಣਛ,ಪູᆃ൞Ҁࠇᆀ౼ս౼ඣྸॖᇅ؇֥ࢠၛ࠹߃ᇂඣሧჷbߛފੀთགྷᄝಯࡔӻခߛ۲സࡄϷمbඣಃࢌၞ൞൧ӆࣜ࠶֥Ӂ,൞ၛ൧ӆູඣਈٳٚσ,൙ൌഈܝৣሢୡܹ֥նඣથܹ֝ཟaၛ০ၭູ౺৯֥ࣜ࠶ᇅ؇,ა࠹߃ࣜ࠶ุᇅ֩শٮྛູ,طཋᇅਔ༯Ⴓೂת۽ြႨඣ֥ح؇,൞۬۬҂ೆ֥b෮ၛ,ᄝษંࡹ৫ඣಃࢌၞࠏᇅൈ,֩Ⴟࢆ֮ਔඣሧჷ֥Ӂԛིੱb3)֥ܵ҆ࠏܒمฦхაགྷྛ౼ඣྸॖᇅ؇֥Ԋ,ᆃᇕԊіགྷഡᇂಯᄝ ۽ӱඣ০ ֥ܴ༯ഡ৫b ۽ӱඣ০ ܴᄝ:1)ྛູᇶุ֥Ԋbඣಃࢌၞေ֥ྛູᇶุ൞ཟ ሧჷඣ০ ܴ֥ሇэ൞ؓඣሧჷࡎᆴ֥ӵಪ,ऎႵཌྷؓྟ֥ࣜ࠶ದ,ࠧऎႵ৫൙ބྗ൙ᄳ္ࣼ൞ؓඣሧჷ༎ಌྟބఃӁಃ֥ಒಪ,ᆃᇕಒಪି৯֥مದࠇ۱ದ;ط౼ඣྸॖ֥ྛູᇶุ൞ྛᆟֆଢభࠎЧ൞๔ᄝંࢸࠇ१ഈbᄝඣሧჷ໊ܵა෮༪თଽ֥ሱಖದbؽᆀ֥ҵљሱಖ֝ᇁྛ֥҆ࠏܒഡᇂഈ,ಯЌ࠹߃ุᇅ֥ଽಸ;ᄝ۽ቔູ֥ҵၳ,భᆀູሔ০ቋն߄,сಖҐ౼ծീิ
ֻ3௹ ୡ৫ѯ֩:ඣಃᇅ؇Ԋაඣሧჷνಆֻ63်ۚඣሧჷ০Ⴈ;ੱطުᆀ۷؟ֹࡼඣሧჷቔູ၂ᇕڞߌႨඣၛࠣݴᄎ֩ླေbᄝۄݬa϶ۄݬֹष০ࠇᆀ܄ၭྟ֥൙ြࣉྛᇂbቋᇔࢲݔ൞Ӂԛ֥ؿa০Ⴈඣሧჷ,ႋ֒ԉٳॉ੮ളߌႨඣླေ bࢩಖ҂ބඣሧჷ০Ⴈੱ֥ۚ,֮ංႪංਜ҂طࡼӬཔंളࠃႨඣᇂႿषؿa০Ⴈඣሧჷ֥൮໊ნb2)ሱႮࢌၞა҂ॖሇಞ֥Ԋbඣಃࢌၞ൞ᄝ൞ݸၐ໙,֥൞ᄝડቀളࠃႨඣ֥ൈ,ೂޅ۴ग़่ܴࡱᄍྸ༯֥ၛ൧ӆູ֝ཟ֥ሱႮࢌၞ,ᄝࢌၞऌֹ֒ඣሧჷ֥ӵᄛ৯,॓࿐ކ֥ಒקთ֥ंචٚղӮ၂ᇁ֥౦ঃ༯,၂Ϯླః҆ࠇֆ໊֥ඔਈ? ඣሧჷӵᄛ৯ᆷ၂თᄝหקൎࢨ؍ၩ;ط౼ඣྸॖᇅ؇ૼಒܿק, ౼ඣྸॖᆣ҂֤ሇ֥หקඌބഠ߶ࣜ࠶ؿᅚඣ่ࡱ༯,ၛົളಞ ,ޅэ۷ྛູсྶ൞ၛඣྛᆟᇶູܵ҆ᇶਅྟ࿖ߌބॖӻ࿃ؿᅚູభ,ิֹ֒ඣሧჷ༢ุࣉྛbؽᆀѩྛсಖ֝ᇁ࿙ሿྛູބႨඣ۷ࡆࠁॖᆦӪ֥ഠ߶ࣜ࠶ࠃܿଆބऎႵ၂קളࠃඣ֥,ؽᆀ֥Ԋ൞ૼཁ҂ॖטބ֥b3)ӵքᄳ֥ದ१ඔਈ[4] ,ࠧඣሧჷؓᆦӻದ१ളթ֥ඔਈބഠٚൔ҂bᄝඣಃࢌၞᇏ,ࢌၞචٚ൞ऎႵمದֹ໊߶ࣜ࠶ؿᅚ֥ܿଆऎႵ၂ק֥ᚐᆴ,၂֊ӑݖᆃ۱ᚐ֥ᇶ,ุӵքཌྷႋ֥مੰᄳbط౼ඣྸॖᇅ؇֥ྛᆴ,ඣሧჷ֥ᄜളྟބඣߌളࡼ߶ᄥ֞ᇗߊູචٚ၂Ϯӵքྛᆟᄳ,ࠞഒුᇭمੰbބذ߄,ᆰᇀᄯӮඣሧჷ֥҂ॖӻ࿃০Ⴈ,മᇀ४ࢰbޓཁಖ,౼ඣྸॖᇅ؇აඣಃࢌၞՖඋႿ҂༆ۢӬ֥ඣሧჷᆺିડቀ1000ຣದႨ,གྷᄝ֥ࣜ࠶ุᇅ,ؽᆀمѩթbඣಃࢌၞؓႿิۚႨၘႚႵ2000ຣದ,ᇁӬ൧ؿᅚ૫ਢbऌህࡅඣིၭaົඣሧჷνಆૼཁႪႿభᆀb൞གྷᄝܙ,Кࣘ൧֥ඣሧჷᆺିӵᄛ700ຣ~800ຣದ,ؽᆀ֥Ԋ֤ඣሧჷνಆᄥ൳ሢᆰࢤຯཽbགྷᄝၘჹჹӑݖھཋح,ඣሧჷ؋ಌၘӮູКࣘؿᅚ ൬ၭٳಃ֥Ԋ֥ᇅჿၹbݓӬ൧߄൝сᄯӮთದ१ૡ؇֥ᄝ൧ӆࣜ࠶ุᇅ༯,ሧӁ൬ၭၐႮሧᆀ෮նਈᄹࡆ,Ⴈඣਈཌྷႋնږ؇ิ,ۚᆃൈଖ۱თିႚႵ,ఃؓ൬ၭႵሢԉٳطሱႮ֥ԩᇂಃbݓڎӵᄛೂՎඔਈ֥ದ१൞٤ӈܱ֥bࢩᇀଢభ,གྷྛ֥ඣሧჷุܵᇅܿק,ඣሧჷٮԢ҆ٳቔݓ෮Ⴕ֥Ӭᆓܿ߃ᇏߎໃࡼඣሧჷ֥ӵᄛ৯ቔູ၂ඣྛᆟᇶ֥ܵ҆Ϸ܄ࣜٮຓಆ҆ഈ࢚ҍᆟ;ඣٮᇗေၹሰॉ੮,ᆃ൝сؓඣሧჷνಆܒӮࠞնຯཽbᄵູົ܂ඣ֥҆ඣ۽ӱᄎྛٮႨbൌ࠽౦ঃ൞,ඣሧჷٮ֥൬࢚ᇗᇗ,ൌࢌੱ٤ӈ֮bԩႿ2 ࢲંބࡹၰۄݬa϶ۄݬ֥ߛފੀთ֥҆ٳֹᇀࣂໃषᆘྍࣸਆᇕᇅ؇֥Ԋაᇅ؇ࡹഡᇌުaᇅ؇܂ඣሧჷٮb܂ඣ҆ᄵ൞୍୍,ླေݓࡅ֥ն۳҂ቀ൞႕ཙඣሧჷνಆ֥۴ჷ,ࢳथᇅ؇Ԋ֥ਈҀ์ົӻఃᆞӈᄎྛb࠹߃ࣜ࠶ุᇅ൞ᄯӮೂՎቋࡄa္൞ື၂֥ࣥ൞ൌീᇅ؇Էྍ,࣐ॹൌീඣअ૫֥ധҪჰၹ,ಌكࠗৣჿඏࠏᇅمטඣྛಃᇅ؇Էྍ္൞ൌགྷඣሧჷॖӻ࿃षؿa০Ⴈ,Ֆطᆟᇶ֥ܵ҆ࠒࠞྟ,۱љ۽ቔದჴ֥࿙ሿྛູ۷ൌགྷඣሧჷᆦӻ༯֥ഠ߶ࣜ࠶ࡲूaླྀטؿᅚაົᄯӮඣሧჷሧӁ֥ӊੀാ;ط࠹߃ุᇅ༯֥ඣࡎඣሧჷνಆମᇀݓࡅνಆ֥௧్ေbᇅ؇Էྍಌكсေ֥ંᆣބ॓࿐aކ,ྟࡎ֥۬ശࢆ؟൞ದ൞ᆷᇅ؇эథݖӱᇏؿള ஂກڿࣉ ݖӱ֥ᇅ؇ູಒק,ࡎ۬๐ᆣ߶؟ੀႿྙൔ,ݖ֥֮ඣࡎ࠻҂ّဆ,ูࠇᆀඪႵི֥aؿᅚ֥ᇅ؇ဆэ,ൌീඣಃᇅ႘ඣ֥܂ܱ༢,္҂ุགྷඣ֥ࡎᆴބӮЧbଢభ,؇ԷྍႋՖၛ༯ٚ૫ࣉྛ:ݓྸ؟նᇏӬ൧ᄝࣉྛሢඣܵࠏܒ֥ڿ,۪Ӯ(1)ૼಒඣಃᇶ,ุౢ༉ࢸקඣಃbݓࡅ൞ඣሧ৫ඣༀܵअࠇඣༀࠢ,ڿ۪ჰႵ֥൬ၭٳٚჷ෮Ⴕಃ֥ື၂ᇶุ,сྶૼಒսᆀ֥ᄳaಃaൔbᆃᇕڿ۪ᆞԩႿଃ෬ࢨ؍, ࠹߃ ֥නົބ০,ࡹ৫൧ӆࠎԤഈ֥Ⴈಃሇಞࠏᇅbྛູٚൔ҂ॖх૧ֹһᄖఃᇏ, ච݅ ᄎྛсᄯӮ(2)٬Ԣ౼ඣྸॖᇅ؇,ࡹ৫ඣಃࢌၞ൧ӆbॉ০ၭٳ֥ࠁbྍࣸٳٚൔ֥؛ሱಖႄؿؓ੮֞ඣሧჷ֥ॢࡗٳ҃ห,ྟඣಃࢌၞ൧ӆႋھၛඣሧჷ֥যҐaযႨ,ᇁඣሧჷνಆᆷඔ༯ࢆbੀთࠇ၂קთູֆჭࡹ৫,ᆟکсྶࡹ৫ཌྷႋ ၛದູЧ ჰᄵაඣሧჷӵᄛ৯֥Ԋ֥ޡܴט॥ࠏᇅ,ЌᆣളߌႨඣބ܄ၭྟႨඣb ၛದູЧ ൞ݓഠ߶ᇶၬඣሧჷุܵᇅႪ(3)ൌྛᆟکᆷ֝༯֥ඣࡎ൧ӆྙӮࠏᇅbႮᄀྟุ֥གྷ,္൞ݓඣᆟ۽ቔ֥၂ܺჰᄵb!ඣႿඣሧჷഅห൹֥ሱಖඋྟބഠ߶උྟ[5],ႋᄝم∀ֻ21่ૼಒܿק, षؿa০Ⴈඣሧჷ,ႋ֒൮༵ॉ੮҆ٳंӵ൳ି৯֥ࠎԤഈ,ᄝᆟک֥ᆷ֝༯,ડቀӬཔं֥ളࠃႨඣ,ѩ࡙ܤ୪ြa۽ြaള(༯ሇֻ112်)
ֻ112်ֹაֹྐ༏॓࿐ ֻ20ज[3] นؿ,ԕХѯ.ൗࢸ੪Ⴓֹ[M].ࡾ්:ࡾ්࢝ტԛϱഠ,ԛϱഠ,-56.[8] ᇏದ܋ބݓݓࡅ࠹अ.ᇏݓ࠹୍[Z].Кࣘ:ᇏݓ[4] ڰ໓.੪Ⴓሧჷܙაषؿ[M].ݳᇜ:ݳᇜն࿐ԛϱഠ,࠹ԛϱഠ,-84.[9] ᇫᆭᶈ.ݓ࠽࠹୍[Z].Кࣘ:ᇏݓ࠹ԛϱഠ,-[5] ศ.ᇏݓ ൗࢸ၌Ӂ ॖӻ࿃੪Ⴓؿᅚ࣮[M].Кࣘ:ᇏݓ੪306.Ⴓԛϱഠ,-28.[10] ൗࢸࣜ࠶୍щࠠჴ߶.ൗࢸࣜ࠶୍[Z].Кࣘ:ࣜ࠶॓࿐[6] ,TourismandLeisureManagement[M].ԛϱഠ,-35,144-198,224-247,-craftLtd,-50.[11] ൗࢸᆩ്୍щࠠ҆.ൗࢸᆩ്[Z].Кࣘ:ൗࢸᆩ്ԛϱഠ,[7] ᇏݓ੪Ⴓ୍щࠠჴ߶.ᇏݓ੪Ⴓ୍[Z].Кࣘ:ᇏݓ੪Ⴓ-gao,WANXu-cai(DepartmentofTourism,NanjingUniversityofFinanceandEconomics,Nanjing210003,China)Abstract::1)UShasthestrongestcompetitivecapabilityintheinternationaltourism;France,SpainandItalygoafterUS;Germany,ChinaandUKtakethirdplace;Canada,Mexico,)China#sinternationalcompetitivecapabilityoftourismisstillinbiggishgap,:tourism;internationalcompetitivecapability;quantitativeassessment;syntheticevaluation(ഈࢤֻ63်)ၛඣ֥܂ܱ༢ಒקඣࡎbݓνಆ॓࿐࿐Б,2002,12(1):38-41.[2] གྷབ.༆ٚྍᇅ؇ࣜ࠶࿐(ֻ2ϱ)[M].Кࣘ:ᇏݓؿᅚԛϱ(4)ࡼඣሧჷӵᄛ৯ବೆӬᆓؿᅚܿ߃bࡆӬᆓ߄൞ൌགྷཬूഠ߶֥ᇗေ҄ᇧ,҂ॉ੮ඣሧჷഠ,2003.ӵᄛ৯ࠣఃߌሑঃ[3] ࡻ໓ট,ဗೋᆅ.ሧჷሧӁં[M].Кࣘ:॓࿐ԛϱഠ,2003.,ఃࢲݔॖି൞ᄙط٤ڞၻb[4] ᇫ၂ᇏ,༱फ,ซۥ.ܱႿඣሧჷӵᄛ৯ંაٚم֥࣮[J].ֹ॓࿐ࣉᅚ,2002,21(2):180-188.ҕॉ໓ང:[5] ୡ৫ѯ,ྷޚ৯.ඣሧჷሱಖඋྟބഠ߶උྟٳ༅[J].ֹა[1] ٚޣ,ਾᄉྼ.ܱႿᇏݓ֥ඣνಆ໙ีࠣఃؓҦฐษ[J].ᇏֹྐ༏॓࿐,2004,20(1):-b1o,XIAOChun-2e(,ChinaUniversityofGeosciences,Wuhan430074;,ChinaUniversityofGeosciences,Wuhan430074,China)Abstract:ThewaterpropertyinstitutionconflictisthesourcetothreatenwaterresourcessecurityduringthereformingstageinChi :authorityrangeofwaterresourcesconflict;managementinstitutionalconflict;conflictbe tweenthewaterdrawingpermitinstitutionandthewaterpropertytrade;conflictondividingtheprofitright;conflictbetweenthe peoplefirst ideaandthebearingcapacityofwaterresources,:waterpropertyinstitution;conflict;waterresourcessecurity
