河南大学硕士学位论文基于工作搜寻理论的大学生就业问题研究姓名：代晓非申请学位级别：硕士专业：劳动经济学指导教师：李保民2011-05
햪 튪 쯦ퟅ튻쾵쇐뢴퓓틲쯘뗄펰쿬ꎬ죧뻍튵헾닟뗄룄뇤ꆢ룟킣헐짺맦쒣뗄삩듳ꆢ샍뚯솦쫐뎡닮틬뗄쏷쿔ꆢ쫐뎡뺺헹뗄볓뻧뗈ꎬ듳톧짺뻍튵탎쫆죕쟷퇏뻾ꎬ뷰죚캣믺뗄돶쿖룼쪹듳톧짺뻍튵탎쫆톩짏볓쮪ꆣ듳톧짺쫇훘튪뗄죋닅풴ꎬ뿆톧ꆢ뫏샭뗘엤훃듳톧뇏튵짺쫇쪵쿖맺볒풴폐킧엤훃ꎬ듙뷸맺쏱뺭볃랢햹폫짧믡컈뚨뗄맘볼틲쯘ꆣ릤ퟷ쯑톰쒣탍쓜릻캪컒맺샍뚯솦쫐뎡붨솢룼캪뫏샭뗄퓋탐믺훆쳡릩뷏잿폐솦뗄샭싛럖컶뿲볜ꎬ듓쿖쪵뗄ꆢ뇪ힼ뮯뗄뷇뛈뛔샍뚯솦뗄탐캪뷸탐럖컶퇐뺿ꎬ뛔샍뚯솦뻍튵맽돌훐뗄탐캪폐뫜뫃뗄횸떼ퟷ폃ꆣ듳톧짺뗄릤ퟷ쯑톰뇭쿖뗄뷏캪쏷쿔ꎬ쯑톰탐캪펰쿬틲쯘뷏캪뢴퓓ꎬ뫜쫊뫏폃룃샭싛릤뻟뷸탐럖컶ꆣ 컒맺폐늻짙톧헟틑뺭뛔늻춬샍뚯헟좺쳥뗄릤ퟷ쯑톰탐캪뫍펰쿬릤ퟷ쯑톰뗄틲쯘뷸탐쇋뷏캪돤럖뗄럖컶ꆣ놾컄퓚볈폐퇐뺿뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ퓋폃릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛쒣탍ꎬ럖컶떱잰듳톧짺뗄퓱튵욫쿲탔벰평듋탎돉뗄듳톧짺ퟔ풸탔쪧튵쿖쿳ꎬ늢뛔튻킩펦뛔랽낸쳡돶룼볓뫏샭뮯뗄붨틩ꆣ 놾컄뗄훷튪뷡싛죧쿂ꎺ 뗚튻ꎬ듳톧뇏튵짺퓚릤ퟷ쯑톰맽돌훐ꎬ퓚릤ퟷ뗘폲뫍릤ퟷ떥캻뗄톡퓱랽쏦뻟폐튻뚨뗄욫쿲탔ꆣ듳톧짺뗄쪧튵늢늻쫇평폚쎻폐릤ퟷ믺믡ꎬ횻쫇풤웚볌탸쯑톰믡폐룼뫃뗄릤ퟷ믺믡ꎬ폚쫇뻜뻸틑폐뗄릤ퟷ믺믡ꎬ탎돉뗄ퟔ풸탔쪧튵ꆣ 뗚뛾ꎬ떱잰듳톧짺톰헒릤ퟷ뗄췢늿쯑톰쒣쪽ꎨ벴뇤뮻릤ퟷ떥캻뗄ꆰ쿈뻍튵뫳퓱튵ꆱꎩꎬ뛌웚쯆뫵쓜릻룄짆듳톧짺쪧튵쿖ힴꎬ떫쫇뎤웚살뾴ꎬ뛔폃죋떥캻ꆢ맺볒뫍듳톧짺놾짭뚼퓬돉쇋튻뚨뗄짋몦ꆣ펦떱룄뷸캪쓚늿쯑톰쒣쪽ꎬ벴퓚폃죋떥캻쓚늿뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡뷸탐릤ퟷ뗄뗷헻뫍뷺짽ꎬ붵뗍웳튵폃죋돉놾뫍럧쿕ꎬ쳡짽듳톧짺릤ퟷ쓜솦ꎬ뮺뷢짧믡헻쳥뻍튵톹솦ꆣ 뗚죽ꎬ듳톧짺퓚쯑톰릤ퟷ맽돌훐펦떱뾴떽믹닣뗄뻍튵뿕볤뫍랢햹믺폶ꎬ냑쒿맢평쓇킩뺭볃랢듯뗘쟸쿲컷늿뗘쟸뫍뺭볃잷랢듯뗘쟸ꎬ평맺볒믺맘ꆢ듳탍웳튵뫍췢웳쿲쓇킩훐킡탍뗄쏱펪웳튵뫍쿧헲웳튵뗈ꎬ룄뇤뻍튵욫쿲탔ꎬ쮳샻쪵쿖뻍튵ꎻ퓚듋맽돌훐ꎬ평폚듦퓚짧믡뻍튵럾컱뫍헾뢮뗷뿘솦뛈늻ퟣ뗈뿍맛틲쯘뗄훆풼ꎬ뒫춳맛쓮뫍쿖듦볛횵맛훍 I
뫳뗈훷맛틲쯘뗄쿞훆ꎬ쪹믹닣뻍튵맽돌늢늻쮳뎩ꎬ틲듋헾뢮ꆢ톧킣ꆢ짧믡닣쏦펦떱룸폨좫쏦횧돖뫍틽떼ꎬ룄짆듳톧짺헻쳥뻍튵뷡릹ꎬ냯훺듳톧짺쮳샻쪵쿖믹닣뻍튵ꆣ 듳톧뇏튵짺쫇튻룶쳘쫢뗄뻍튵좺쳥ꎬ쫇컒맺뺭볃ꆢ짧믡랢햹벫캪훘튪뫍놦맳뗄풴ꆣ듳톧짺뗄쪧튵볈쫇뷌폽컊쳢ꎬ튲쫇뺭볃ꆢ짧믡컊쳢ꎬ듙뷸듳톧짺뻍튵릤ퟷ쫇튻쿮뢴퓓뗄쾵춳릤돌ꎬ맘쾵떽컒맺뗄뎤풶랢햹ꆢ뺭볃컈뚨폫짧믡뫍킳ꆣ퓚떱잰짧믡놳뺰쿂ꎬ듓룹놾짏뷢뻶듳톧짺뻍튵삧쓑컊쳢ꎬ듙뷸듳톧짺뻍튵ꎬ탨튪뛔헻룶짧믡쾵춳뷸탐뾼달ꎬ탨튪헾뢮ꆢ룟킣ꆢ웳튵뫍듳톧짺릲춬얬솦ꎬ뺡뿬릹붨퓚헾뢮헾닟뗄횧돖쿂ꎬ평룟킣ꆢ폃죋떥캻뫍짧믡릲춬닎폫뗄뻍튵퓋탐믺훆ꆣ 맘볼듊ꎺ듳톧짺뻍튵ꎬ릤ퟷ쯑톰ꎬퟔ풸탔쪧튵 II
Abstract A complex series of factors, such as employment policy change, college enrollment expand, significant differences in the labor market exist, market competition exacerbate, etc, make employment situation of college students is getting worse. And what is more, the emergence of the financial crisis makes the situation more badly. College students are important of human resources, scientific and reasonable allocation of college students is the key to realize efficient distribution of national resource, and promote economic development and social stability. Job search model could provide a strong theoretical analysis framework for a reasonable operation mechanism of our labor market, analysis and research labor behavior from the realistic and standard angle, and guide labors’ behavior in the process of job search. College students' job search action is obvious, influence factors is complex, use the model to analysis is very appropriate. In our country, many scholars have analysis the job search behavior of different laborers and the influence factors of job search. On the basis of the existing researches, with the knowledge of labor economics, use the job search theory, this article analysis college graduates’ bias of seeking jobs, and thus bringing about students’ voluntary unemployment, then raise more reasonable suggestions for some scheme. The main conclusions are as follows: Firstly, in the job search process, there are employment prejudices in work regional and work units selection. University graduates is not have any opportunities for jobs, but expect to have better job opportunities if continue to search, then refuse the existing job, choose voluntary unemployment. Secondly, at present, external search mode of college students looking for jobs (continue to search jobs after employed) seems to improve the university students' unemployment status in the short term, but has caused some damage to employers, state and college students in the long term. It should be improved to internal search mode, in order to reduce the employing cost and risk, promote college students' employment force, and ease employment pressure of whole society. Thirdly, in the process of searching for jobs, college students should notice the grassroots employment space and opportunities. They should change their visions from developed economic regions III
to west region and undeveloped areas, from state organs, large enterprises and foreign ones to small and medium-sized private enterprises and township enterprises, change employment prejudice, and realize employment smoothly. In this process, there are some objective factors, as social employment services inadequate, government regulation not strong enough and so on, some subjective factors, like traditional concept and existing values fall behind, make grassroots employment process is not smooth. So government, school, society should also give full support and guidance, improve the college students' overall employment structure, and help the students realize grassroots employment smoothly. College students are a special group of employment, are our extremely important and valuable resources of economic and social development. College students' unemployment is not only education problem, but also economic and social problems. Promoting college students' employment is complicated system engineering, related to China's long-term development, economic stability, and social harmony. In the current social background, to fundamentally solve difficulties of college students' employment, promote the college students' employment, need to consider for whole society system, need to strive from government, universities, enterprises and students together, under government policy support, establish an employment mechanism made up with universities, employment unit and social. KEY WORDS: College students’ employment, Job search, Voluntary unemployment IV
탷싛 뗚튻헂 탷싛 튻ꆢ컄쿗ퟛ쫶 퓚탂맅뗤뺭볃톧쪱웚ꎬ뛔쫐뎡뗄퇐뺿쫇믹폚탅쾢돤럖ꆢ컞쒦닁뗄볙뚨뗄ꎬ틲듋룷훖풴ꎨ냼삨샍뚯솦ꎩ뗄엤훃튲뚼쫇쮲볤췪돉뗄ꆣ떫쫇ퟔ20쫀볍60쓪듺틔살ꎬ뺭볃톧볒쏇훰붥힢틢떽쇋샍뚯솦쫐뎡훐뗄탅쾢늻췪좫ꎬ틔벰평듋떼훂뗄쟳횰헟폫잱퓚맍훷캪쇋쪵쿖릤ퟷ욥엤뛸뷸탐뗄뇘튪뗄릤ퟷ쯑톰ꆣ 1961쓪ꎬStigler랢뇭뗄ꆶ탅쾢뺭볃톧ꆷ돉캪쯑톰샭싛뗄뗬믹탔ퟷ욷ꎬ쯻뗄쯑톰샭싛헢퇹뇭쫶ꎺꆰ캪쇋쪹릺싲헟뗄킧폃ퟮ듳뮯ꎬ쯻탨튪늻뛏쯑톰룼뛠뗄볛룱ꎬ횱떽듓릺싲훐뗃떽뗄풤웚뷚풼뛮뗈폚퓙뛠냝믡튻룶쿺쫛짌뗄듺볛캪횹ꎬ춣횹쯑톰ꎬ듓쯻폶떽뗄놨볛ퟮ뗍뗄쿺쫛짌쓇샯릺싲닺욷ꆱꆣ릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛쫇쯑톰샭싛뗄뻟쳥펦폃ꎬ퓚20쫀볍쇹웟쪮쓪듺ꎬ샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄쯦믺탔쪹뺭뗤샍뚯릩룸샭싛쫸쫖컞닟쪱ꎬퟷ폃훰붥쿔쿖ꆣ 쯑톰샭싛냑쯑톰럖캪만뚨퇹놾쯑톰뫍솬탸쯑톰ꆣStiglerꎨ1961ꎩ쳡돶쇋ꆰ만뚨퇹놾쯑톰쒣탍ꆱꎬ죏캪릤ퟷ쯑톰ퟮ폅듎쫽뗄뻶닟춬웤쯻뺭볃컊쳢튻퇹ꎬ쫇평뇟볊쫕틦램퓲뻶뚨ꎬ벴떱뇟볊쫕틦뗈폚뇟볊돉놾쪱ꎬ듯떽릤ퟷ쯑톰뗄ퟮ폅듎쫽ꆣ웤쒣탍뗄볙짨쫇ꎺ쯑톰돉놾캪만뚨횵ꎬ쯑톰헟쓜맀볆떽릤ퟷ쯑톰뗄ퟮ병쪱볤뎤뛈뫍ퟮ병쯑톰듎쫽뗄믹뒡짏ꆣ헢뻍탨튪풤쿈좷뚨뿉틔솪쾵뗄웳튵쫽솿ꆣ떫쪵볊짏ꎬ쯑톰헟뛔쓢쯑톰뗄폃릤떥캻늢늻믡폐튻룶ힼ좷뗄쫽쒿ꎬ톰럃쫽솿좷뚨좡뻶폚놣쇴릤뗄룟뗍뫍쫐뎡쳡릩뗄릤쮮욽틔벰톰럃웳튵뗄쮳탲뗈ꆣ 1965쓪ꎬMcCall쳡돶쇋ꆰ솬탸쯑톰쒣탍ꆱꎨ탲쇐퇹놾램퓲ꎩꎬ죏캪ꆰ듳뛠쯑톰헟퓚뾼싇쎿듎쯑톰돉놾뫍믱뗃릤ퟷ뗄믺싊뫳ꎬ좷뚨튻룶ퟔ벺풸틢뷓쫜뗄ퟮ뗍릤ꎬ벴놣쇴릤뫳ꎬ훰룶ퟟ럃웳튵ꎬ횻튪헒떽쒳룶웳튵쳡릩뗄릤룟폚놣쇴릤ꎬ춣횹쯑톰ꎬ뷓쫜룃릤ퟷꎬ럱퓲볌탸쯑톰쿂튻룶릤ퟷ믺믡ꆱꆣ룃쒣탍룹뻝탅쾢뺭볃톧훐뗄탲쇐춳볆뻶닟샭싛퇝뮯뛸살ꎬ췆뚯쇋듓뺲첬쒣탍떽뚯첬쒣탍뗄랢햹ꎬ췘햹쇋톰럃쪱볤뗄뿕볤ꎬ캪릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛랢햹뗬뚨쇋믹뒡뗄쒣탍볜릹ꆣ 1970쓪ꎬPhelps쳡돶ꆰ횰튵쯑톰샭싛ꆱꎬ죏캪ꆰ늻춬폃죋떥캻뛔샍뚯뗄놨돪튲쫇늻 1
믹폚릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뗄듳톧짺뻍튵컊쳢퇐뺿 춬뗄ꎬ떫쫇평폚탅쾢늻돤럖ꎬ샍뚯헟튻뾪쪼늢늻횪뗀쪲쎴떥캻샍뚯놨돪ퟮ룟ꆱꎬ틲뛸뇘탫늻뛏뗘퓚샍뚯솦쫐뎡뷸탐릤ퟷ쯑톰ꎬ늢춨맽뇈뷏릤ퟷ쯑톰뗄뇟볊돉놾뫍뿉쓜믱뗃뗄뇟볊쫕틦뻶뚨쫇럱볌탸쯑톰ꎬ탅쾢펰쿬ퟅ릤ퟷ쯑톰뗄킧싊뫍뷡맻ꆣ 1971쓪ꎬDiamond퓚튻욪컄헂훐쏅럖컶쇋샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄탎돉믺훆ꎬ쯻죏캪샍뚯솦쫐뎡늢늻쫇뒫춳뗄뺭볃톧쯹죏캪뗄쓇퇹ꎬ뛸쫇뿉틔춨맽뗷헻볛룱살룄뇤릩쟳욽뫢ꆣ샍뚯헟톰헒쫊뫏뗄릤ퟷ뫍맍펶헟톰헒쫊뫏뗄풱릤뚼쏦쇙ퟅ튻뚨뗄ꆰ쯑톰돉놾ꆱꆣ헢튻퇐뺿돉맻틽랢쇋퓚샍뚯솦쫐뎡퇐뺿쇬폲튻쾵쇐짮죫뗄럖컶ꆣ 1987쓪ꎬCampbell RꎮMcConnell헫뛔샍뚯솦쫐뎡짏듳솿뇤뮻릤ퟷ뗄쟩뿶ꎨ돽쇋룄뇤맍훷ꎬ룶죋튲믡퓚웳튵쓚룄뇤릤ퟷꎩꎬ듓릤ퟷ쯑톰맽돌죫쫖ꎬ룼좫쏦뗄럖컶릤죋죧뫎퓚탂맍폃떥캻쟳횰ꎨ췢늿릤ퟷ쯑톰ꎩ뫍퓚풭맍펶떥캻쓚늿뗄릤ퟷ쯑톰컊쳢ꎨ쓚늿릤ퟷ쯑톰ꎩꆣ 듓20쫀볍80쓪듺틔살ꎬ릤ퟷ쯑톰쒣탍틑뺭돉캪럖컶샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄훘튪릤뻟ꎬ쯦ퟅ릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뗄늻뛏랢햹ꎬ샭싛볙짨뗃랶캧훰붥삩듳ꎬ쒣탍튲풽살풽쳹뷼샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄쿖쪵쟩탎ꎬ룼폐훺폚뛔샍뚯솦쫐뎡헦쟐짮죫뗄뾼달ꎬ캪샍뚯솦쫐뎡훐뗄탭뛠쿖쿳쳡릩쇋튻룶웄뻟뷢쫍솦뗄럖컶뿲볜ꆣ 떫쫇ꎬ듳뛠쫽릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뗄퇐뺿럖컶뛔쿳훷튪캪랢듯맺볒뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꆣ20쫀볍90쓪듺ꎬ폐킩톧헟ꎬ뛔랢햹훐맺볒뗄퓚횰쯑톰컊쳢뷸탐쇋퇐뺿ꆣ죧Banerjee뫍Bucciꎨ1995ꎩꎬ쯻쏇퓋폃뛾럖뛔쫽떥캻쒣탍ꎬ뛔펡뛈돇쫐틆쏱릤ퟷ쯑톰뗄뻶뚨틲쯘뷸탐쇋럖컶ꎬ늢뗃돶폫펢쏀뗈맺뗄퓚횰쯑톰쿠쯆뗄훘튪뷡싛ꎺ튻랽쏦릤뗍폚뿉톡퓱릤쮮욽뗄릤죋룼뿉쓜뷸탐릤ퟷ쯑톰ꎻ퓚웤쯻쳵볾쿠춬뗄쟩뿶쿂ꎬ쓪쇤풽쟡ꆢ릤ퟷ쓪쿞풽뛌ꆢ쫜뷌폽돌뛈풽룟뗄룶쳥풽폐뿉쓜뷸탐퓚횰쯑톰ꆣ 맺췢뗄헢킩퇐뺿뗄랽램뛔폚컒맺쿂룚횰릤ꆢ얩쏱릤ꆢ듳톧짺뗄뻍튵컊쳢폖뫜잿뗄럖컶뫍뷨본틢틥ꎬ웤퇐뺿뷡싛뫍붨틩뛔쳡룟쟳횰킧싊ꆢ붵뗍뗄쪧튵싊ꆢ컈뚨맺쓚샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄뻶닟랽쏦뚼뻟폐훘튪ퟷ폃ꆣ죧잮폀삤ꎨ2001ꎩ퓋폃릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛럖컶뷢쫍쇋쿂룚횰릤퓙뻍튵뗄탐캪ꎬ붨솢쇋쿂룚횰릤톰헒릤ퟷ쒣탍ꎬ춨맽쒣탍럖컶뗃돶ꎬ샍뚯솦쫐뎡풽췪짆ꎬ쪧튵싊풽뗍ꎬ퓙뻍튵뇈샽풽룟ꎬ늢춨맽뛔탬훝쿂룚횰릤돩퇹뗷닩쫽뻝뛔쒣탍뷸탐쇋퇩횤ꆣ삵뗂쪤ꎨ2001ꎩ춨맽퇐뺿듳톧짺릤ퟷ쯑톰훐웚췻릤ꆢ쯑톰쟾뗀뫍쯑톰맣뛈뗈펰쿬틲쯘ꎬ럖컶쇋듳톧짺뗄릤ퟷ쯑톰탐캪ꆣ붭퇠ꎨ2004ꎩ룹뻝룄퓬뗄컞쿞웚탲쇐쯑톰쒣탍ꎬ붨솢쇋듳톧뇏튵짺릤ퟷ쯑톰쒣탍ꎬ짦벰떽뗄뇤솿폃춳볆럖컶랽램ퟶ돶뻍튵룅싊맀볆ꎬ뗃2
탷싛 돶뷡싛ꎺ릤ퟷ쯑톰뗄얬솦돌뛈펰쿬ퟮ뫳뗄뻍튵싊ꎬ솪쾵뗄떥캻룶쫽풽뛠ꎬ듳톧뇏튵짺뻍튵뗄룅싊풽룟ꎺ웚췻쫕틦풽룟ꎬ뻍튵룅싊풽뗍ꆣ닩뒺퇠ꎨ2007ꎩ믹폚릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛ꎬ뷡뫏탅쾢뺭볃톧ꆢ죋솦놾춶샭싛뗈ꎬ럖컶쇋얩쏱릤뗄쟳횰뚯틲뫍랢햹쟷쫆ꎬ훘뗣쮵쏷쇋탅쾢헏낭뛔얩쏱릤쟳횰탐캪뗄펰쿬ꎬ늢쳡돶뷢뻶떱잰얩쏱릤쟳횰탅쾢헏낭뗄튻킩헾닟붨틩ꆣ 듳톧짺춬쪱뻟놸쓪쇤쟡ꆢ릤ퟷ쓪쿞뛌ꆢ쫜뷌폽돌뛈룟뗈쳘뗣ꎬ평Banerjee뫍Bucci뗄럖컶뷡싛횪뗀ꎬ웤뷸탐횰튵쯑톰뗄뿉쓜탔룼듳ꎬ컒맺뗄듳톧짺뻍튵탎쫆풽랢퇏뻾ꎬ틲듋퓋폃릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뛔컒맺듳톧짺뻍튵뷸탐럖컶룼뻟폫헫뛔탔ꆣ삵뗂쪤ꎨ2008ꎩ틔삩햹뗄릤ퟷ쯑톰쒣탍캪뿲볜ꎬ퇐뺿죏캪컒맺듳톧짺뻍튵탎쫆죕쟷퇏뻾ꎬ퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏쫇평샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄훆뛈탔럖룮틽웰뗄ꎬ듳톧뇏튵짺폫폃죋떥캻쿠뮥쯑톰뗄뷡맻ꎬ웤뻍튵쓑뻟폐뷡릹탔뗄쳘뗣ꎬ벴퓚쒳킩듳훐돇쫐ꎬ듳톧뇏튵짺뗄릩룸솿쫇쿠뛔맽쪣뗄ꎬ떫퓚맣듳얩듥뗘쟸뫍컷늿뗘쟸퓲뻸뛔늻ퟣꆣ헔솢컀ꆢ컢뿋쏷ꎨ2008ꎩ듓듳톧짺훷맛틲쯘랽쏦첽쳖쇋듳톧짺ퟔ풸쪧튵컊쳢ꎬ죏캪퓚튻뚨랶캧쓚ꎬ늻쫇ꆰ뻍튵쓑ꆱꎬ뛸쫇ꆰ퓱튵쓑ꆱ뗄컊쳢ꎬ쫇듳톧짺퓚횰튵톡퓱훐놣돖뷏룟뗄웚췻횵믲놣쇴릤뗄샭싛탐캪ꆣ붭퇠ꎨ2008ꎩ춨맽뛔듳톧짺릤ퟷ쯑톰쒣탍뗄퇐뺿뷡뫏놱뺩쪦랶듳톧뇏튵짺컊뻭뗷닩쫽뻝ꎬ랢쿖탅쾢믱좡ꆢ웚췻릤ꆢ쯑톰돉놾뚼쿔훸뗄펰쿬듳톧짺뗄릤ퟷ쯑톰탐캪ꆣ십쿾뗈ꎨ2009ꎩ춨맽뛔듳톧짺샍뚯솦쫐뎡횰캻욫샫럖컶ꎬ뗃돶횰튵쯑쯷탐캪쫇펰쿬듳톧짺쫐뎡횰캻욥엤뗄맘볼틲쯘ꎬ톧킣뷌폽엠통폫뻍튵횸떼폐훺폚듳톧짺쯵뛌릤ퟷ쯑톰쪱볤ꎬ붵뗍쟳횰돉놾ꆣ 평폚샍뚯솦쪧튵뗄탎돉틲쯘폐릤ퟷ쯑톰폫욥엤뗄맽돌틲쯘ꎬ뮹폐뺭볃탎쫆뗄뇤뮯ꆢ뎧짌뷸돶샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄췢늿탔뗈틲쯘ꎬ틲듋퓋폃릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뮹늻쓜좷쟐횸돶평폚폐뛠듳뇈샽쪧튵릤ퟷ쯑톰맽돌퓬돉뗄쪧튵ꎬ릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뮹쿔슶돶늻뺡췪짆횮뒦ꆣ떫쫇헢튻샭싛죔좻쓜릻뛔럖컶컒맺샍뚯솦뗄탐캪뫍샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄퓋탐뻟폐튻뚨뗄웴쪾ꎬ룼뛔뫳뷰죚캣믺쪱듺컒맺듳톧짺퇏뻾뗄뻍튵탎쫆쳡릩쇋잿폐솦뗄럖컶릤뻟ꆣ떱잰듳톧짺뻍튵삧뺳뗄탎돉볈폐뺭볃틲쯘ꆢ짧믡틲쯘ꎬ폖폐폃죋떥캻ꆢ톧킣뫍뇏튵짺ퟔ짭뗄틲쯘ꎬ쫇탨튪ퟛ뫏훎샭뗄컊쳢ꆣ뷡뫏릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뇊헟죏캪ꎬ듳톧짺쪧튵훷튪쫇평폚웚췻퓚샍뚯솦쫐뎡닮틬ꆢ탐튵웳튵닮틬쿂닺짺뗄뷓쫕릤ퟷ폫럱뗄탐캪닮틬ꎬ쫴폚ퟔ풸탔쪧튵랶돫ꆣ 뛾ꆢ퇐뺿놳뺰벰틢틥 쏀맺짧믡톧볒십뚡ꆤ쳘싞ꎨ1973ꎩ퓚웤쯹훸컄헂ꆶ듓뺫펢쿲듳훚룟뗈뷌폽뇤훐뗄 3
믹폚릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뗄듳톧짺뻍튵컊쳢퇐뺿 1컊쳢ꆷ훐쳡돶ꆰ떱룟뗈뷌폽쎫죫톧싊퓚15ꎥ틔쿂쪱ꎬ쫴폚펢닅룟뗈뷌폽뷗뛎ꎻ15ꎥꎭ250ꎥ캪듳훚뮯룟뗈뷌폽뷗뛎ꎻ50ꎥ틔짏쫇웕벰뮯룟뗈뷌폽뷗뛎ꆱꆣ헢튲쫇맺볊릫죏뗄뛔룟뗈뷌폽뷗뛎뗄죏뚨ꆣퟔ1999쓪룟킣삩헐틔살ꎬ룟킣헐짺맦쒣톸쯙삩듳ꎬ듳톧뇏튵짺죋쫽폫죕뻣퓶ꎬ2002쓪ꎬ컒맺룟뗈뷌폽쎫죫톧싊뻍듯떽쇋15ꎥꎬ내헕룟뗈뷌폽뷗뛎뗄뮮럖뇪ힼꎬ컒맺룟뗈뷌폽틑듓펢닅뷌폽맽뛉떽듳훚뮯뷌폽뷗뛎ꎬ늢퓚틔뫳뗄벸쓪돊짏짽횮쫆ꆣ 뇭1-1 1998ꆪ2008쓪컒맺룟뗈뷌폽쎫죫톧싊 떥캻ꎺ% 쓪럝 1998 1999 2000 2001 20022003200420052006 2007 2008쎫죫 톧싊 쇏살풴ꎺ훐뮪죋쏱릲뫍맺뷌폽늿췸햾 삩헐룸컒맺뗄죋닅엠퇸듸살쇋뎬뎣맦뗄랢햹ꎬ뛔폚컒맺죋솦풴헻쳥쯘훊뗄쳡짽뫍ퟛ뫏맺솦뗄쳡룟뚼뻟폐뻞듳뗄틢틥ꆣ펦떱힢틢ꎬ뻍튵쫇죋닅엠퇸뗄ퟮ뫳뷗뛎ꎬ튲쫇엠퇸죋닅뗄쿖쪵쒿뗄ꎬ듳톧짺뗄뻍튵쫇룟뗈뷌폽뗄ퟮ훕쒿뗄ꆣ떫쫇쒿잰컒맺쿠떱튻늿럖룟킣뇏튵짺퓝쪱믲뎤웚뒦폚듽튵ꆢ쪧튵ힴ첬ꎬ춬쪱ꎬ평폚짧믡탍ꆢ웳튵훆ꆢ쿂룚횰릤퓙뻍튵뫍얩쏱릤뷸돇컱릤ꎬ훐맺샍뚯솦쫐뎡듳톧짺뻍튵쓑뗄컊쳢죕틦춹쿔ꎬ돉캪볒춥ꆢ톧킣ꆢ짧믡맘힢뗄붹뗣ꎬ돉캪볌쿂룚횰릤퓙뻍튵ꆢ얩쏱릤뷸돇컱릤컊쳢횮췢뗄폖튻듳짧믡쓑쳢ꆣ훐맺죋쏱듳톧샍뚯죋쫂톧풺풺뎤퓸쿦좪ꎨ2004ꎩ죏캪ꎬ듳톧짺뻍튵쓑뗄튻룶뇭쿖뻍쫇듳톧짺탨쟳뗄퓶뎤쯙뛈룏늻짏듳톧뇏튵짺퓶볓뗄쯙뛈ꆣ쯤좻쮵컒맺떱잰뗄듳톧뇏튵짺ꆰ뻍튵쓑ꆱ놾훊짏늻쫇쫽솿컊쳢ꎬ뛸쫇뷡릹컊쳢ꎬ폫룟뗈뷌폽듳훚뮯횮볤쎻폐횱뷓뗄맘쾵ꎬ떫쫇쯦ퟅ룟뗈뷌폽맦쒣뗄삩듳ꎬ뇏튵짺뻍튵쓑붫믡풽살풽쏷쿔ꆣ 1 쎫죫톧싊ꎺ듳톧쫊쇤쟠쓪훐뷓쫜룟뗈뷌폽헟뗄뇈싊 2 퇮루컨ꆤ뻍튵헾닟뛔듳톧짺뻍튵뗄펰쿬퇐뺿[D]ꎮ뫾쓏쪦랶듳톧ꎬ2008ꎺ1 4
탷싛 뇭1-2 1998ꎭ2009쓪컒맺듳톧짺뇏튵죋쫽뫍뻍튵싊 뇏튵죋쫽뇏튵죋쫽쓪럝 돵듎뻍튵싊 쓪럝 돵듎뻍튵싊 (췲) (췲) 1998 ꎥ 2004 280 ꎥ 1999 ꎥ 2005 338 ꎥ 2000 107 ꎥ 2006 413 ꎥퟳ폒 2001 115 ꎥ 2007 495 ꎥퟳ폒 2002 145 ꎥ 2008 559 <ꎥ 2003 212 ꎥ 2009 611 74% 쇏살풴ꎺ훐뮪죋쏱릲뫍맺뷌폽늿췸햾 2008쓪틔살ꎬ훐맺쫜좫쟲뷰죚캣믺뗄늻샻펰쿬ꎬ맺쓚뺭볃퓶뎤쏷쿔럅뮺ꎬ폃죋떥캻헐릤죱복늢쿲샍뚯솦쫐뎡믘췂쇋듳솿샍뚯솦ꆣ폚쫇떱잰듳톧짺쏦뛔뗄늻뷶쫇헐릤탨쟳복짙뗄폃죋웳튵ꎬ춬쪱뮹폐뇈췹쓪룼뛠뗄펦뷬뻍튵죋뿚ꆢ듳솿캴쓜돉릦뻍튵뗄췹뷬듳톧짺뫍쫜떽뷰죚캣믺돥믷뛸쪧튵뗄듳톧짺ꆣ뻝죋솦뫍짧믡놣헏늿뗄춳볆쫽뻝ꎬ2010쓪좫맺펦뷬룟킣뇏튵짺캪630췲죋ꎬ2009쓪캴뻍튵뇏튵짺풼80췲죋ꎬ폫쎿쓪쫽냙췲뗄훐뇏튵짺뫍룟훐뇏튵짺뗄뻍튵헟틔벰듳솿뗄얩듥쪣폠샍뚯솦탎돉쇋뻍튵뺺헹횮쫆ꆣ ꎨ1ꎩ죋닅뇡횵 90쓪듺훐뫳웚ꎬ컒맺쿆웰쇋뿆풺킣짽벶캪놾뿆풺킣뗄죈뎱ꎬ쪹풭놾ퟜ솿욫뗍뗄듳짺늻ퟣ놾뿆짺뗄50%ꆣ헽쫇평폚듳짺쫽솿뗄복짙ꎬ닺짺쇋죋닅듭캻ꎺ튻랽쏦쪹튻킩풭놾뿆짺닣듎뗄릤ퟷ늻뗃늻평놾뿆짺ꆢ퇐뺿짺살떣떱ꎻ쇭튻랽쏦평폚놾뿆짺죋쫽첫뛠ꎬ쪹웤풭놾쪤죎뗄릤ퟷ룚캻쿔뗃늻ퟣꎬ릩듳폚쟳뗄쏷쿔탎쫆듌벤쇋룷떥캻쳡룟폃죋뇪ힼꎬ짵훁튪쟳퇐뺿짺닣듎뗄죋닅듓쫂볲떥훘뢴탔샍뚯ꆣ놾룃듓쫂뢴퓓샍뚯뗄룟닣듎죋닅ꎬ톧럇쯹폃ꎬ폃럇쯹뎤ꎬ짵훁놻쿐훃ꎬ쿠뇈뷏맺볒폃퓚퇐뺿짺ꆢ놾뿆짺ꆢ뿆짺짭짏돊놶쫽벫닮뗄엠퇸ꆢ뾪랢럑폃ꎬ컞틉쫇튻훖좫짧믡랶캧쓚뗄죋닅뇡횵쿖쿳ꆣ ꎨ2ꎩ죋닅샋럑 뷼쓪살ꎬ컒맺듳톧짺뻍튵뷡릹 ꆰ뚫뛠컷짙ꆱ벰ꆰ듳돇쫐뛠얩듥짙ꆱ뗄컊쳢풽랢쏷쿔ꎬ듳솿듳톧뇏튵짺쓾뿏ꆰ욯퓚듳돇쫐ꆱꎬ튲늻풸떽킡돇쫐ꆢ떽믹닣뻍튵ꎬ뫜뛠듳톧짺뫍볒뎤뚼돖폐ꆰ쓾튪돇샯튻헅뒲ꎬ늻튪얩듥튻뒱랿ꆱ뗄쿫램ꎬꆰ럇헽쪽늿쏅늻좥ꆱ뗄맛쓮ꆣ헢떼훂컒맺듦퓚헢퇹튻훖뻖쏦ꎺ튻랽쏦듦퓚듳솿죋닅샋럑ꎬ쇭튻랽쏦폖듦퓚퇏훘뗄죋닅뛌좱컊쳢ꎻ랢듯뗘쟸틔벰뚫쓏퇘몣돇쫐뻍튵뺺헹벤쇒쏷쿔ꎬ훐컷늿틔벰믹닣뗘쟸좴 5
믹폚릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뗄듳톧짺뻍튵컊쳢퇐뺿 죋닅쿠뛔?랦ꎻ슢뛏탐튵ꆢ듳웳튵ꆢ헾뢮믺맘죋닅볃볃ꎬ킡웳튵컞죋컊뷲ꆣ죋닅엠퇸뗄튻룶훕벫쒿뇪쫇캪쇋듙뷸짧믡릫욽ꎬ쯵킡닮틬ꎬ떫쫇ꎬ컒맺쒿잰룟킣뇏튵짺퓚쫐뎡엤훃뫍룶죋톡퓱쿂뗄뻍튵쇷쿲ꎬ쯤좻쫇믹폚뛔샭탔뗄ꆢ뺭볃뗄뾼싇ꎬ떫쫇좴폫죋닅엠퇸뗄돵훔쿠놳샫ꎬ퓬돉뗄늻뫏샭뗄죋닅뷡릹엤훃퇏훘ퟨ낭쇋컒맺죋닅쓜솦뫍킧싊뗄돤럖랢믓ꎬ늻쓜늻틽웰짧믡룷뷧뗄맣랺맘힢ꆣ 뷸죫뫳뷰죚캣믺쪱듺ꎬ평폚뷰죚캣믺펰쿬뛸믽샛쿂살듳솿쪧튵죋풱뫍탂퓶캴뻍튵죋풱ꎬ폈웤쫇듳솿뗄룟닣듎죋닅듳톧짺ꎬ뻍튵탎쫆룼쫇퇏뻾ꎬ룼캪뢴퓓ꆣ죋솦놾ퟷ캪튻훖쳘쫢뗄풴ꎬ쫇맺쏱닆뢻뗄훘튪ퟩ돉늿럖ꎬ맘쾵떽맺볒뺭볃붨짨ꆣ죧맻듳톧뇏튵짺뻍튵컊쳢뗃늻떽뷢뻶ꎬ죋솦풴뗃늻떽돤럖샻폃ꎬ뻍믡퓬돉풴엤훃뗍킧싊ꎬ튲믡쪹짧믡뢣샻퓶볓ꎬ뷸뛸떼훂헾뢮닆헾횧돶뗄퓶볓ꎬ짵훁펰쿬뺭볃뗄헽뎣랢햹ꎻ쇭췢ꎬ듳톧뇏튵짺뎤웚뒦폚캴뻍튵ힴ첬ꎬ붫믡틽랢퇏훘뗄짧믡컊쳢ꎬ짵훁펰쿬맺볒뗄컈뚨폫낲좫ꆣ맣뚫쪡뷌폽쳼뢱쳼뎤ꎬ훐즽듳톧늩쪿샮킡슳ꎨ2001ꎩ퓸뺭뇭쪾ꎺ헻룶짧믡뗄뻍튵탎쫆뇈뷏퇏뻾ꎬ듳톧뇏튵짺뻍튵릤ퟷ붫돉캪좫짧믡ퟮ맘탄뗄릤ퟷ횮튻ꎬ뷢뻶늻뫃ꎬ뻍뿉쓜짏짽캪튻1훖짧믡컊쳢폫헾훎컊쳢ꆣ뿆톧ꆢ뫏샭뗘엤훃듳톧뇏튵짺쫇쪵쿖맺볒풴폐킧엤훃ꎬ듓뛸듙뷸맺쏱뺭볃랢햹폫짧믡컈뚨뗄맘볼틲쯘ꆣ뻍튵쫇쏱짺횮놾ꎬퟶ뫃듳톧뇏튵짺뻍튵릤ퟷꎬ뷢뻶뫃듳톧짺뻍튵맽돌훐돶쿖뗄컊쳢ꎬ쫇ꆰ볓뿬췆뷸틔룄짆쏱짺캪훘뗣뗄짧믡붨짨ꆱ뗄뻟쳥쳥쿖뫍훘튪쓚죝ꎬ쫇볡돖틔죋캪놾ꆢ실쪵좫쏦킭뗷뿉돖탸랢햹맛뗄뇘좻튪쟳ꎬ쫇붨짨죋솦풴잿맺뫍릹붨짧믡훷틥뫍킳짧믡뗄훘튪놣횤ꆣ 듳톧짺뻍튵볈쫇뷌폽컊쳢ꎬ튲쫇뺭볃ꆢ짧믡컊쳢ꎬ퇐뺿듳톧뇏튵짺뻍튵컊쳢ꎬ뛠랽쏦캪듳톧짺뻍튵첽톰돶슷ꎬ듙뷸듳톧짺룼뫃뗘뻍튵ꎬ뻟폐럇뎣훘튪뗄틢틥ꆣ쒿잰톧쫵뷧맘폚듳톧짺뻍튵뗄퇐뺿틑뺭폐뫜뛠ꎬ뛔듳톧짺뻍튵컊쳢ꆢ샭쓮ꆢ쒣쪽ꆢ춾뺶ꆢ뗈뷸탐쇋뷏캪쿪쾸뗄싛쫶ꎬ럖컶뷇뛈룷늻쿠춬ꆣ놾컄톡퓱듓듳톧짺ퟷ캪샭탔뗄뺭볃죋뗄뷇뛈돶랢ꎬ퓋폃샍뚯뺭볃톧뗄릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛럖컶떱잰듳톧짺뗄퓱튵탐캪벰ꆰ쪧튵ꆱ뗄탎돉ꎬ뛔펦뛔듫쪩쳡돶폅뮯붨틩ꆣ 죽ꆢ퇐뺿뿲볜 놾컄내헕랢쿖컊쳢ꎬ럖컶컊쳢ꎬ뷢뻶컊쳢뗄싶싧ꎬ퓋폃뷏캪쪵폃뗄릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛ꎬ럖컶듳톧짺퓱튵맽돌훐듦퓚뗄컊쳢ꎬ늢쳡돶뛔닟벰웤룄뷸붨틩ꆣ싛컄럖캪죧쿂벸늿럖ꎺ 1 샮킡슳ꎮ떱잰룟킣뇏튵짺뻍튵횸떼릤ퟷ뗄쮼뾼[J]ꎮ룟뷌첽쯷ꎬ2001(2) 6
탷싛 뗚튻헂ꎬ탷싛ꆣ놾헂훷튪ퟛ쫶쇋릤ퟷ쯑톰쒣탍뗄웰풴ꆢ퇐뺿쓚죝ꆢ퇐뺿탎쫆벰웤뛔듳톧짺뻍튵퇐뺿뗄훘튪틢틥ꎬ늢뛔듳톧짺뻍튵쿖쪵ힴ뿶ꆢ놳뺰폫틢틥ퟶ쇋듳훂닻쫶ꆣ 뗚뛾헂ꎬ쒣탍톡폃ꎨ릤ퟷ쯑톰쒣탍퇐뺿ꎩꆣ놾헂듳훂닻쫶쇋릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛쒣탍뗄퇐뺿랽램ꎬ폐헫뛔탔뗄퇐뺿쇋듳톧짺뗄릤ퟷ쯑톰쒣탍ꎬ늢뷡뫏듳톧짺헢튻룟닣듎샍뚯솦탔훊틽죫죋솦놾쒣탍ꆣ 뗚죽헂ꎬ럖컶컊쳢ꎨ쯑톰샭싛쫓뷇쿂뗄듳톧짺ퟔ풸탔쪧튵ꎩꆣ놾헂쫗쿈뛔훐맺듳톧짺뻍튵훆뛈뗄뇤잨ퟶ튻룶룅삨탔뗄뷩짜ꎬ평듋틽돶듳톧짺릤ퟷ쯑톰뗄뇘튪ꎬ좻뫳뛔듳톧짺짺헢튻룟닣듎죋닅ꎬ퓚퓱튵훐뗄욫쿲탔탐캪퓬돉뗄쪧튵쿖쿳룸돶뺭볃톧럖컶ꎬퟮ뫳룹뻝쪧튵샭싛뚨캻듳톧짺쪧튵탔훊ꆣ횵뗃횸돶뗄쫇ꎬ놾컄뒴퓬탔뗘붫죋솦놾쒣탍럖컶릤뻟헻뫏뷸릤ퟷ쯑톰쒣탍럖컶컊쳢ꆣ 뗚쯄헂ꎬ뷢뻶컊쳢ꎨ듳톧짺쪧튵컊쳢뛔닟ꎩꆣ튻랽쏦ꎬ듳톧짺쿈뻍튵뫳퓱튵ꎬ벴퓚횰쯑톰릤ퟷ뗄뗄뻍튵쒣쪽쓜릻뮺뷢듳톧짺떱잰뗄쪧튵탎쫆ꎻ쇭튻랽쏦ꎬ듳톧짺떽믹닣뻍튵뗄뻍튵랽쪽ꎬ쓜릻듓룄뇤릤ퟷ쯑톰랶캧뫍랽쿲랽쏦뮯뷢듳톧짺뻍튵쓑뗄컊쳢ꎬ떫쫇ꎬ뇊헟죏캪ꎬ떱잰퓚헢솽훖뻍튵랽쪽뗄쪵쪩맽돌훐ꎬ뮹듦퓚튻킩뇗뛋뫍늻ퟣꎬ뇊헟닻쫶ퟔ벺맛뗣뗄춬쪱ꎬ쳡돶쇋룄뷸뗄틢볻뫍붨틩ꆣ ퟮ뫳ꎬ뇊헟뛔좫컄뷸탐쇋ퟜ뷡탔닻쫶ꆣ 7
릤ퟷ쯑톰쒣탍퇐뺿 뗚뛾헂 릤ퟷ쯑톰쒣탍퇐뺿 쯑톰샭싛쫇뺭볃럖컶뗄훘튪릤뻟ꎬ쯼돉릦뗄퇐뺿쇋퓚늻뛏뇤뮯뗄럇좷뚨뗄뮷뺳훐믱좡뫍쪹폃탅쾢틔뇣닉좡샭탔뻶닟뗄탐캪맽돌ꆣ쯑톰샭싛ퟮ돵훷튪뷢쫍샍뚯헟돵듎뷸죫샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄릤ퟷ쯑톰탐캪ꎬ퓚럖컶릤ퟷ욥엤랽쏦믱뗃쇋탭뛠돉맻ꎬ늢뗃떽쇋뿬쯙뗄랢햹ꎬ1970쓪럑뛻웕쮹뻝듋쳡돶쇋훸쏻뗄횰튵쯑톰샭싛ꆣ룹뻝헢튻샭싛ꎬ평폚샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄탅쾢늻췪좫ꎬ돵듎뷸죫샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄샍뚯헟좱랦쿠맘탅쾢ꎬ캪믱뗃탅쾢탎돉놣쇴릤ퟷ뇘좻튪뮨럑룼뎤뗄쯑톰쪱볤ꎬ틲듋돵듎뷸죫샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄샍뚯헟듦퓚닺짺쯑톰탔쪧튵뗄뿉쓜탔ꎻ헢튻샭싛뮹죏캪ꎬ샍뚯헟쓾풸뷓쫜퓝쪱뗄쪧튵ꎬ뛸좥톰헒뷏룟릤쮮욽뗄릤ퟷ퓚튻뚨쳵볾쿂쫇샭탔ꎬ틲캪믱뗃룃릤ퟷ믺믡뗄룅싊폫웤쯑톰쪱볤쫇돉헽뇈뗄ꎬ듓룶죋횰튵짺퇄뫍뎤웚쫕틦뷇뛈살뾴ꎬ헢훖퓝쪱탔뗄쪧튵뛔샍뚯헟폐샻ꆣ틲듋횰튵쯑톰샭싛죏캪ꎬ퓚탅쾢늻췪좫뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡짏듦퓚ퟔ풸쪧튵뗄뿉쓜탔ꆣ 쏀맺맺볒뺭볃뻖쫗쾯샍뚯뺭볃톧볒샭닩뗂ꆤ뢥샯싼쮵ꎺꆰ샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄쇷뚯뫍쯑톰믺훆럖컶ꎬ쫇뺭볃샭싛좡뗃훘듳뷸햹뗄쇬폲횮튻ꆣ폫뒫춳샭싛쿠뇈ꎬ헢튻럖컶냑샍뚯솦쫐뎡폫뫪맛뺭볃랢햹룼캪쿖쪵폐킧뗘솪쾵떽튻웰ꎬ듓뛸캪샍뚯솦쫐뎡뫍릫쮾탐캪쳡릩쇋1뚴볻ꎬ틲캪쯼붨솢퓚룼캪짮뿌뗄캢맛럖컶믹뒡횮짏ꆣꆱ 튻ꆢ릤ퟷ쯑톰쒣탍 ꎨ튻ꎩ맅뗤릤ퟷꆪꆪ쿐쾾톡퓱쒣탍폫릤ퟷ쯑톰 맅뗤릤ퟷꆪꆪ쿐쾾톡퓱쒣탍쫇쾵춳뗄뇭쫶릤ퟷ뻶뚨뗄릤뻟ꎬ룃쒣탍럖컶릤ퟷ뻶닟뗄맽돌ꎬ붫뻍튵볲떥뗄뷢쫍캪릤죋횪뗀쫐뎡돶쟥릤싊뛸릤ퟷꎬ떫쫇ꎬ잿뗷떥쿲뫍돤럖탅쾢뗄맅뗤샍뚯릩룸쒣탍늻쓜뷢쫍샍뚯쫐뎡훐뗤탍룶죋뺭퇩뗄튻킩훘튪탔훊ꎬ횰튵쯑톰샭싛믹폚헢훖믹놾샭싛뿲볜뗄잰쳡쿂ꎬ캪웤ퟶ쇋뫜뫃뗄늹돤ꆣ 1 벾맰놣ꎬ쳯쿾쇡ꎮ죽톧헟믱억놴뛻뺭볃톧붱ꎺ쯑톰샭싛뷢컶룟쪧튵싊[EB/OL]ꎮ 9
믹폚릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뗄듳톧짺뻍튵컊쳢퇐뺿 ꎨ뛾ꎩ뇟볊돉놾쫕틦샭싛폫릤ퟷ쯑톰 샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄탅쾢늻췪좫ꎬ샍뚯쮫랽뗄탅쾢늻뛔돆ꎬ늻춬뗄맍펶헟룸샍뚯헟뗄놨돪늻춬ꎬ샍뚯헟캪쇋믱뗃쫕틦싺틢뗄릤ퟷ뇘탫뷸탐릤ퟷ쯑톰ꆣ 튻랽쏦ꎬ뾼싇쯑톰쫕틦ꎬ쯑톰릤ퟷ뗄쪱볤풽뎤ꎬ샍뚯헟뻍풽쓜릻헒떽쫕틦뷏룟뗄릤ퟷꎬ떫쫇쯦ퟅ릤ퟷ쯑톰뗃떽뗄릤풽살풽룟ꎬ뷸튻늽믱뗃룼룟릤릤ퟷ뗄믺믡복짙ꎬ쯑톰릤ퟷ쫕틦뗄쳡룟럹뛈뗝복ꎬ벴릤ퟷ쯑톰뗄뇟볊쫕틦뗝복ꆣ 쇭튻랽쏦ꎬ뾼싇쯑톰돉놾ꆣ횱뷓돉놾냼삨붻춨럑ꆢ춨톶럑ꆢ닄쇏럑뗈ꎻ볤뷓뗄돉놾ꎨ훷튪쫇믺믡돉놾ꎩ냼삨솽랽쏦ꎺ튻쫇럅웺쇋릤ퟷ쯑톰웚볤뿉쓜듓웤쯻믮뚯훐뗃떽뗄킧폃믲쫕죫ꎬ뛾쫇뻶뚨럅웺떱잰틑폐뗄릤ퟷ믺믡쯹럅웺뗄쫕죫ꆣ쯦ퟅ쯑톰쪱볤뗄퇓뎤ꎬ릤ퟷ쯑톰뮨럑뗄붻춨럑ꆢ뗈뫍헒톰맽돌훐뮨럑뗄쪱볤ꆢ뺫솦늻뛏퓶볓ꎬ뛸쟒훷튪쫇평폚틑뺭펵폐뗄릤ퟷ믺믡뗄쫕죫퓶뎤ꎬ뷸튻늽쯑톰뗄믺믡돉놾뻍풽룟ꎬ늢쟒퓶볓뗄럹뛈풽살풽듳ꎬ벴릤ퟷ쯑톰뗄뇟볊돉놾뗝퓶ꆣ 룹뻝돉놾ꎭ쫕틦럖컶램ꎬ릤ퟷ쯑톰뷡쫸믲춣횹뗄ퟮ폅뗣쫇뇟볊쫕틦뗈폚뇟볊돉놾ꎨMR=MCꎩ뗄쪱볤뗣ꎨE뗣ꎩꎬ떱뇟볊쫕틦듳폚뇟볊돉놾쪱ꎬ샍뚯헟펦룃볌탸쯑톰ꎬ횱떽솽헟쿠뗈쪱춣횹쯑톰ꆣ퓚릤ퟷ쯑톰쪱볤듯떽ퟮ폅뗣횮잰뗄헢뛎쪱웚ꎨ0ꇺN뛎ꎩꎬ샍뚯헟믡뒦폚샭탔뗄쪧튵ힴ첬ꆣ 뇟볊쫕틦 뇟볊돉놾 MCE MR0 N 쯑톰듎쫽 춼2-1 ꎨ죽ꎩ놣쇴릤샭싛폫릤ퟷ쯑톰 놣쇴릤샭싛뛔폚릤ퟷ쯑톰뗄럖컶폐뫜뫃뗄횸떼탔ꎬ쫇뛔릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뗄튻훖룄뷸ꎬ룃샭싛죏캪튻룶퓚샍뚯솦쫐뎡톰헒릤ퟷ뗄죋ꎬ늢늻쫇웚듽ퟅ릤쮮욽쯦쯑톰쪱볤뗄퇓뎤뛸늻뛏짏짽ꎬ룼뛠쟩뿶쿂쯑톰횮돵뻍뛔릤쮮욽폐튻룶웰싫뗄탄샭볛캻ꆣ놣쇴릤10
릤ퟷ쯑톰쒣탍퇐뺿 쫇룶죋뻶뚨릤ퟷ뗄ퟮ뗍릤싊ꎬ퓚릤ퟷꆪ쿐쾾쒣탍훐ꎬ놣쇴릤쫇릤ퟷ폫쿐쾾볛횵쿠춬뗄릤싊뗣ꎬ벴샍뚯헟뷓쫜릤ퟷ쯹뗃떽뗄싺틢돌뛈폫웤뒦폚쪧튵ힴ첬뗃떽뗄싺틢돌뛈쫇뗈볛뗄ꆣ죧맻뿉믱뗃뗄쫐뎡릤뗍폚놣쇴릤ꎬ샍뚯헟믡톡퓱ꆰ쿐쾾ꆱꎬ벴돉캪럇쫐뎡닎폫헟ꎬ죧맻뿉믱뗃뗄쫐뎡릤룟폚놣쇴릤ꎬ샍뚯헟떱좻믡돉캪룃샍뚯쫐뎡뗄닎폫헟ꆣ뻶뚨놣쇴릤뗄훷튪틲쯘폐틔쿂벸뗣ꎺꎨ1ꎩ쯑톰헟쓜릻맛달떽샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄릤럖늼쟩뿶ꎻꎨ2ꎩ쯑톰릤ퟷ뗄맽돌탨튪뮨럑튻뚨뗄돉놾ꎨ냼삨횱뷓돉놾뫍볤뷓돉놾ꎩꎻꎨ3ꎩ톰헒떽놣쇴릤쮮욽뗄릤ퟷ탨튪뮨럑튻뚨뗄쪱볤ꎻꎨ4ꎩ듦퓚샍뚯솦쫐뎡럖룮ꆣ 볙짨릤ퟷ쯑톰돉놾캪Cꎬ쯦쯑톰듎쫽n뗄퓶볓뛸퓶볓ꎬγ쯦쫐뎡럖룮돌뛈뗄늻춬뛸뇤뮯ꎬ릤ퟷ쯑톰뗄탐캪뿉틔뇭쪾캪ꎺ ∞W=W*f(W)dW ꎨ2-1ꎩ 0∫0C=C(n,γ) ꎨ2-2ꎩ 떱WꇝW+C쪱ꎬ뷓쫜릤ퟷꎬ춣횹쯑톰ꎻ 0떱WꎼW+C쪱ꎬ뻜뻸릤ퟷꎬ볌탸쯑톰ꆣ 0뛾ꆢ듳톧짺릤ퟷ쯑톰쒣탍 릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛쓜릻캪컒맺샍뚯솦쫐뎡붨솢룼캪뫏샭뗄퓋탐믺훆쳡릩뷏잿폐솦뗄샭싛럖컶뿲볜ꎬ뛔럖컶컒맺샍뚯뻍튵맽돌훐뗄퓱튵탐캪폐뫜뫃뗄횸떼ퟷ폃ꎬ컒맺폐늻짙톧헟틑뺭뛔늻춬샍뚯헟좺쳥뗄릤ퟷ쯑톰탐캪뫍펰쿬릤ퟷ쯑톰뗄틲쯘뷸탐쇋뷏캪돤럖뗄럖컶ꆣ듳톧짺ퟷ캪튻샠쯑톰탐캪쏷쿔뗄샍뚯헟좺쳥ꎬ웚췻릤ꆢ쯑톰돉놾뗈틲쯘뛔쯑톰탐캪펰쿬룼캪쏷쿔ꆣ쯦ퟅ듳톧뇏튵짺죋쫽뗄퓶볓ꎬ듳톧짺뻍튵탎쫆뇭쿖뗄풽랢퇏뻾ꎬ듳톧짺릤ퟷ쯑톰쒣탍뗄붨솢뛔퇐뺿듳톧뇏튵짺뗄쯑톰탐캪폐뫜듳틢틥ꆣ 쫗쿈ꎬ볙뚨듳톧짺췪좫쇋뷢쫐뎡짏쯹폐릤ퟷ뗄헻쳥럖늼쟩뿶ꎬ떫늻횪뗀쎿튻룶폃죋떥캻쯹쳡릩뗄릤쮮욽ꆣ퓚릤ퟷ쯑톰훐ꎬ듳톧짺쫇샭탔뗄뺭볃죋ꎬ믡룹뻝룶죋킧폃ퟮ듳뮯풭퓲살뻶뚨뛔쯹쯑톰릤ퟷ뗄뷓쫜폫럱ꆣ 웤듎ꎬ볙뚨쟳횰헟뗄놣쇴릤캪Wꎬ쯑톰돉놾캪Cꎬ퓚뷸탐릤ퟷ쯑톰뗄맽돌훐ꎬ0뿉믱뗃뗄릤쮮욽쫇Wꎬ퓲떱WꇝW+C쪱ꎬ쟳횰헟춣횹쯑톰ꎬ톡퓱W쮮욽뗄릤ퟷꎬ0떱WꎼW+C쪱ꎬ쟳횰헟쓾풸쪧튵ꎬ볌탸쯑톰ꆣ벴뛔폚퓚샍뚯솦쫐뎡짏쯑톰릤ퟷ뗄듳0톧짺살쮵ꎬ맍훷쳡릩뗄릤룟폚놣쇴릤쪱ꎬ듳톧짺톡퓱뷓쫜릤ퟷꆢ춣횹쯑톰ꎻ랴횮ꎬ 11
믹폚릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뗄듳톧짺뻍튵컊쳢퇐뺿 듳톧짺쓾풸쪧튵ꎬ볌탸톰헒릤ퟷꆣ 붨솢듳톧짺뗄릤ퟷ쯑톰쒣탍ꎬ볙짨듳톧뇏튵짺퓚쒳샍뚯솦쫐뎡짏뷸탐릤ퟷ쯑톰ꎬ쎿2듎뗄릤ퟷ쯑톰쿠뮥뛀솢ꎬ룃쫐뎡뗄릤쮮욽럾듓틔µ캪뻹횵ꎬ틔σ캪랽닮뗄헽첬럖늼ꎬ퓲릤룅싊쏜뛈캪ꎺ 2−(W−µ)122σf(W)=e ꎨ2-3ꎩ 2πσ릤럖늼캪ꎺF(W)=f(W)dW ∫쇮W=W+CꎬW캪듳톧짺릤ퟷ쯑톰뗄쇙뷧릤쮮욽ꎬ쎿듎쯑톰뗄뺻쫕틦뗄웚췻C0C캪ꎺ ∞E(W−WW)=(W−W)f(W)dW ꎨ2-4ꎩ CC∫WC펦떱힢틢떽ꎬ듳톧짺톡퓱뗄룟폚쇙뷧릤W뗄릤ퟷ듦퓚쫇럱뿕좱뗄틲쯘ꎨ룃틲쯘C훷튪랴펳샍뚯솦쫐뎡듦퓚뗄릤ퟷ믺믡ꎩꎬ붫룃릤ퟷ뿕좱싊짨캪kꎬ퓲폐릤ퟷ쯑톰뗄뇟볊쫕틦ꎺ 2MSB=k*E(W−WW)=k*{σf(W)+(µ−W)[1−F(W)]} ꎨ2-5ꎩ CCCC쿂쏦퓙살쳖싛쯑톰돉놾ꎬ잰쏦틑뺭싛쫶ꎬ쯦ퟅ쯑톰탐캪뗄랢햹ꎬ쯑톰듎쫽퓶볓ꎬ뇟볊돉놾뗝퓶ꎬ헢샯붫웤짨캪쯑톰듎쫽뗄뛾듎몯쫽ꎻ쇭췢ꎬ평폚듦퓚쫐뎡럖룮ꎬ룸샍뚯솦뗄릤ퟷ쯑톰듸살쇋뛮췢돉놾ꎬ헢훖돉놾폫쯑톰듎쫽폐횱뷓맘쾵ꎬ붫웤짨캪쯑톰듎쫽뗄튻2듎몯쫽ꎬ평듋뗃떽뗄듳톧짺릤ퟷ쯑톰돉놾캪C=an+bnꎬ쯑톰뗄뇟볊돉놾캪ꎺ MSC=2an+b ꎨ2-6ꎩ 평뇟볊돉놾뗈폚뇟볊쫕틦ꎨMSC=MSBꎩ뗄돉놾쫕틦럖컶뗃ꎺ 2k*{σf(W)+(µ−W)[1−F(W)]}=2an+b ꎨ2-7ꎩ CCC뷸뛸뗃돶듳톧뇏튵짺릤ퟷ쯑톰뗄ퟮ병쯑톰듎쫽ꎺ 2kbn=*{σf(W)+(µ−W)[1−F(W)]}− ꎨ2-8ꎩ CCC2a2a폖듓릤럖늼살뾴ꎬ듳톧짺헒떽룟폚믲뗈폚쇙뷧릤W뗄룅싊캪k*[1−F(W)]ꎬCC룹뻝쯑톰풭퓲ꎬ듳톧짺춣횹릤ퟷ쯑톰ꎬ뷓쫜쯑톰뷡맻뗄룅싊ꎺ P=n*k*[1−F(W)] C22kbk=*{σf(W)+(µ−W)[1−F(W)]}*[1−F(W)]−*[1−F(W)]ꎨ2-9ꎩ CCCCC2a2a12
릤ퟷ쯑톰쒣탍퇐뺿 평듋뿉볻ꎬ듳톧뇏튵짺뗄뺭맽쯑톰뷓쫜릤ퟷ뗄룅싊폫릤ퟷ뿕좱싊kꎨ벴릤ퟷ믺믡ꎩꆢ욽뻹릤쮮욽µ돊헽쿲뇤뚯맘쾵ꎬ뛸폫쫐뎡럖룮돌뛈b돊랴쿲뇤뚯맘쾵ꆣ 듓릤ퟷ쯑톰헟랽쏦쮵ꎬ릤ퟷ쯑톰탐캪뗄춣횹평웤뗄뇟볊돉놾뫍뇟볊쫕틦뻶뚨ꎬ펦떱힢틢ꎬ쯤좻ꎬ퓚탅쾢늻돤럖뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡짏ꎬ쯑톰쪱볤뗄퇓뎤뿉틔쯑톰룼뛠뗄웳튵ꎬ믱뗃룼뛠뗄릤럖늼쟩뿶ꎬ폐훺폚믱뗃룼룟뗄릤쮮욽ꆣ떫쫇쯑톰쪱볤뗄퇓뎤ꎬ쯑톰듎쫽뗄퓶볓튲믡퓶볓쯑톰돉놾ꆣ 쫂쪵짏ꎬ샍뚯솦탨쟳랽뛔샍뚯헟쓜럱쮳샻헒떽싺틢뗄릤ퟷ폐훘튪펰쿬ꎬ믲헟쮵듓놾훊짏펰쿬쇋샍뚯헟뗄쯑톰탐캪ꎬ뇭쿖캪샍뚯솦쫐뎡짏쳡릩뗄릤ퟷ믺믡뫍릤쮮욽뗈ꆣ 죽ꆢ릤ퟷ쯑톰훐뗄듳톧짺죋솦놾쒣탍 릤ퟷ쯑톰뗄맽돌퓚놾훊짏쫇튻훖죋솦놾춶맽돌ꎬ벴쯑톰헟퓚샍뚯쫐뎡짏쇷뚯ꎬ뮨럑쪱볤ꆢ뷰잮벰틑뺭듦퓚뗄릤ퟷ믺믡ꎬ틔웚믱뗃캴살룼룟릤ꆢ룼뻟컼틽솦릤ퟷ쫕틦뗄튻쿮춶ꆣ뾼싇떽떱잰듳톧짺퓱튵듦퓚믱좡벼쓜뗄돉놾ꎬ틽죫죧쿂죋솦놾쒣탍ꎺ 볙죧샍뚯솦뻍튵탨튪믱좡벼쓜A뫍Bꎬ돉놾캪몯쫽C(A,B)ꆣ늻춬웳튵뛔A뫍B벼쓜뗄튪쟳뗄좨훘λ늻춬ꎬ웤잱퓚쫕틦캪ꎺ Y=λA+(1−λ)B ꎨ2-10ꎩ 퓚릤ퟷ쯑톰훐ꎬ샍뚯헟톡퓱퓚쒳웳튵i릤ퟷꎨ룅싊짨캪pꎩꎬ퓲튪럅웺퓚웤쯻웳튵릤ퟷ뗄믺믡ꎨ룅싊1−pꎩꎬ쯦믺뇤솿λ폐쏜뛈몯쫽f(λ)ꎬ퓲웤뺻쫕틦캪ꎺ iπ=p[λA+(1−λ)B]+(1−p)[λA+(1−λ)B]f(λ)dλ−C(A,B) ꎨ2-11ꎩ ii∫0ퟮ듳뮯뗄튻뷗쳵볾쫇ꎺꎨ웤훐E(λ)캪샍뚯헟퓚퓱튵쪱뗄웚췻ꎩ pλ+(1−p)E(λ)−C=0 ꎨ2-12ꎩ iAp(1−λ)+(1−p)[1−E(λ)]−C=0 ꎨ2-13ꎩ iB퓚λ−C=0뫍(1−λ)−C=0쪱ꎬλ=E(λ)ꎬ벴퓚i웳튵뗄쫕틦쮮욽폫샍뚯헟뗄iAiBi웚췻튻훂쪱ꎬ샍뚯헟늻톡퓱웤쯻웳튵ꎬ뛸쫇톡퓱i웳튵ꆣ 13
릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛쫓뷇쿂뗄듳톧짺ퟔ풸탔쪧튵 뗚죽헂 릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛쫓뷇쿂뗄듳톧짺ퟔ풸탔쪧튵 퓚컒맺볆뮮뺭볃쪱웚ꎬ듳톧짺늻탨튪ퟔ벺톰헒릤ퟷꎬ뇏튵뻍평맺볒횱뷓럖엤릤ퟷꎬ늻듦퓚듳톧짺쪧튵뗄쿖쿳ꆣ20쫀볍80쓪듺틔살ꎬ컒맺샍뚯솦쫐뎡랢햹늢죕쟷췪짆ꎬ샍뚯솦릩룸쮫랽뗄톡퓱좨뫍뻶닟좨훰붥삩듳ꎬ쫐뎡훰붥돉캪쇋엤훃풴뗄믹뒡탔쫖뛎ꆣ듳톧짺뻍튵헾닟쯦뺭볃뗄랢햹룄룯늻뛏뇤뮯ꎬ쳘뇰쫇쫐뎡뺭볃쪱웚쪵탐쇋ꆰퟔ훷퓱튵ꆱ헾닟틔살ꎬ듳톧짺튲훰늽돉캪샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄훷쳥ꎬ릤ퟷ쯑톰돉캪뇘탫ꆣ 튻ꆢ듳톧짺뻍튵헾닟뇤뮯폫릤ퟷ쯑톰 ꎨ튻ꎩ볆뮮뺭볃쪱웚뗄ꆰ춳냼춳럖ꆱ헾닟 볆뮮뺭볃쪱웚ꎬ컞싛짌욷뮹샍뚯솦엤훃뗄랽쪽뚼쫇튻풪뮯뗄볆뮮뿘훆ꎬ평맺볒헾뢮맦뚨엤룸ꆣ듓붨맺돵떽20쫀볍80쓪듺훐웚ꎬ컒맺듳톧뇏튵짺뻍튵쪵탐뗄쫇폫컒맺떱쪱뗄볆뮮뺭볃쳥훆쿠쫊펦뗄ꆰ춳냼춳럖ꆱ헾닟ꎬ내헕ꆰ춳돯낲업ꆢ벯훐쪹폃ꆢ놣횤훘뗣ꆢ헕맋튻냣ꆱ뗄풭퓲ꎬ뛔폚듳톧짺듓헐짺떽뻍튵뗄룷쿮릤ퟷꎬ뚼쫇내헕볆뮮뷸탐폫횴탐ꎺ톧킣내볆뮮헐짺ꎬ톧짺내볆뮮럖엤ꎬ폃죋떥캻내볆뮮슼폃ꆣ뇏튵짺쯤좻퓚맺볒쿂듯뗄럖엤볆뮮쓚폐톡퓱룶죋횾풸뗄좨샻ꎬ떫ퟮ훕뇘탫럾듓뻟쳥뗄뗷엤랽낸ꆣ튲뻍쫇쮵ꎬ볆뮮뺭볃쿂뗄듳톧뇏튵짺뻍튵늻춨맽샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꎬ평맺볒룷벶헾뢮뢺퓰춳튻럖엤릤ퟷꆣ ꆰ춳냼춳럖ꆱ퓚볆뮮뺭볃쳥훆쿂놣횤쇋맺볒붨짨뛔죋닅뗄탨튪ꎬ뛔짧믡낲뚨웰떽쇋튻뚨뗄놣헏ퟷ폃ꎺ튻랽쏦ꎬ맺볒춨맽뫪맛뗷뿘ꎬ훆뚨폐헫뛔탔뗄폃죋볆뮮ꎬ놣횤쇋뺭볃붨짨쪱웚뛔룷훖튵죋닅뗄탨튪ꎬ캪뇟풶뗘쟸ꆢ볨뿠탐튵쫤쯍쇋듳엺붨짨죋닅ꎬ놣횤짧믡붨짨뗄룷쳵햽쿟짏돤ퟣ뗄룟쯘훊죋닅ꎻ쇭튻랽쏦ꎬ맺볒내볆뮮럖엤듳톧뇏튵짺ꎬ놣헏쇋듳톧짺뗄뻍튵ꎬ듓뛸쪹볒뎤뫍톧짺컞뫳맋횮폇ꎬ튻뚨돌뛈짏뮺뷢쇋평폚컒맺뗘쟸닮틬뛸닺짺뗄죋닅탨쟳늻욽뫢뗄ힴ뿶ꆣ 떫쫇쯦ퟅ짧믡뗄랢햹룃훖뻍튵헾닟뇗뛋훰붥놩슶ꎺ튻랽쏦ꎬ듳톧짺뗄뻍튵돊쿖뚨쿲탔ꎬ톧짺퓱튵좱랦ퟔ훷탔ꎬ쳘뎤뫍횾풸쫜떽뫜듳훆풼ꎬ쮼쿫뗄믮풾뫍뒴탂틢쪶쫜떽틖훆ꎬ룶죋랢햹늻쓜퓚샭쿫뗄룚캻뗃떽쪵쿖ꎬ듬짋듳톧짺쓜뚯탔ꎻ평폚릤ퟷ늻춨맽쫐뎡뺺헹ꎬ 15
믹폚릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뗄듳톧짺뻍튵컊쳢퇐뺿 쪹듳톧짺톧쾰컞톹솦ꆢ컞뚯솦ힴ첬ꎬ펰쿬쇋톧쾰뗄믽벫탔ꆣ쇭튻랽쏦ꎬ폃죋떥캻뷓쫕죋닅좱랦ퟔ훷탔ꎬ늻싛뇏튵짺훊솿폫쫽솿쫇럱폫ퟔ짭뗄탨쟳쿠쫊펦ꎬ춳춳내볆뮮맦뚨뷓쫕ꎬ뒦폚놻뚯뗘캻ꎬ퓬돉떥캻죟풱ꎬ죋닅샋럑ꆣ평폚톧킣ꆢ톧짺뫍폃죋떥캻뮥늻볻쏦ꆢ좱랦쇋뷢ꎬ떼훂쇋샍뚯솦풴엤훃뗄뗍킧싊ꆣ ꎨ뛾ꎩ맽뛉쪱웚뗄ꆰ쮫쿲톡퓱ꆱ헾닟 1985쓪5퓂27죕훐릲훐퇫냤늼쇋ꆶ훐릲훐퇫맘폚뷌폽쳥훆룄룯뗄뻶뚨ꆷꎬ횸돶ꆰ뛔폚맺볒헐짺볆뮮쓚뗄톧짺ꎬ웤뇏튵짺럖엤쪵탐퓚맺볒볆뮮횸떼쿂ꎬ평놾죋톡놨횾풸ꆢ톧킣췆볶ꆢ폃죋떥캻퓱폅슼폃뗄헾닟ꆱꆣ헢쿮뻶닟쪵쿖ꆰ릩탨볻쏦ꆱ뗄뻍튵탎쪽ꎬ쪹뇏튵짺뻍튵훆뛈뗄룄룯싵돶쇋맘볼튻늽ꆣ1989쓪3퓂ꎬ맺컱풺엺쇋풭맺볒뷌캯쳡돶뗄ꆶ룟뗈톧킣뇏튵짺럖엤훆뛈룄룯랽낸ꆷꎬ쳡돶ꆰ퓚맽뛉뷗뛎쪵탐틔톧킣캪훷떼쿲짧믡췆볶뻍튵ꎬ뇏튵짺뫍폃죋떥캻퓚튻뚨랶캧쓚쮫쿲톡퓱뗄냬램ꆱꆣ헢쿮뻶닟쪹뇏튵짺ꆰ쮫쿲톡퓱ꆱ뗄뻍튵쒣쪽뗃틔쪵쿖ꆣ ꆰ쮫쿲톡퓱ꆱ뗄뻍튵헾닟룄뇤쇋맽좥ퟔ짏뛸쿂ꆢ룟뛈춳튻뗄볆뮮럖엤쒣쪽ꎬ췆뚯쇋톧킣ꆢ톧짺폫폃죋떥캻뗄붻쇷ꎬ쪹듳뛠듳톧짺쓜릻ퟔ평퓱튵ꎬ늢틽떼ꆢ벤샸쇋웤쳡룟ퟔ짭쯘훊ꎬ퓶잿쇋웤믽벫닎폫뺺헹폫쫊펦짧믡뗄틢쪶ꆣ 룃뷗뛎듳톧짺폐쇋튻뚨뗄뻍튵뺺헹톹솦ꎬ떫쫇ꎬ평폚듳톧짺쫽솿쿠뛔뷏짙ꎬ퓚뺭볃랢햹훐죔좻쫇뷏캪쾡좱뗄죋닅풴ꎬ듳뛠죋뺭맽뷏캪볲떥뗄릤ퟷ쯑톰뚼쓜폐튻럝뷏뫃뗄릤ퟷꆣ좻뛸ꎬ룃뷗뛎샍뚯솦쫐뎡랢햹뮹늻붡좫ꎬ듳톧짺뻍튵킧싊늢늻룟ꆣ ꎨ죽ꎩ쫐뎡뺭볃쪱웚뗄ꆰퟔ훷퓱튵ꆱ헾닟 1993쓪2퓂13죕ꎬ훐릲훐퇫ꆢ맺컱풺냤늼쇋ꆶ훐맺뷌폽룄룯뫍랢햹룙튪ꆷꎬ횸돶ꆰ쯦ퟅ짧믡훷틥쫐뎡뺭볃쳥훆뗄붨솢뫍샍뚯죋쫂훆뛈뗄룄룯ꎬ돽뛔쪦랶풺킣뫍쒳킩볨뿠탐튵ꆢ뇟풶뗘쟸뗄뇏튵짺쪵탐튻뚨랶캧쓚뗄뚨쿲뻍튵췢ꎬ듳늿럖뇏튵짺퓚맺볒랽헫헾닟횸떼쿂ꎬ춨맽죋닅샍컱쫐뎡ꎬ닉좡ꆮퟔ훷퓱튵ꆯ뗄뻍튵냬램ꆱꆣ룃쿮뻍튵듫쪩듓룹놾짏룄뇤쇋맺볒틔탐헾쫖뛎ꎬꆰ춳냼춳럖ꆱ뇏튵짺뗄뻍튵럖엤훆뛈ꎬ뛸쫇틔듳헾랽헫탻뒫횸떼ꆢ뻍튵탨쟳탅쾢릫늼뗈쫖뛎ꎬ틽떼뇏튵짺ퟔ훷퓱튵ꎬ캪뇏튵짺뻍튵뷡뫏쪵볊ꆢ쮳펦쫐뎡뒴퓬쇋쳵볾ꆣ퓚룃훖뻍튵훆뛈뗄횸떼쿂ꎬ듳톧짺뻍튵쫐뎡훰늽탎돉맦쒣ꎬ듳톧짺릤ퟷ쯑톰돉캪뇘좻ꆣ 퓚헢훖뻍튵쳥훆쿂ꎬ톧짺ꆢ톧킣ꆢ폃죋떥캻뗈릻룷좡쯹탨ꎺ듳늿럖듳톧뇏튵짺내헕16
릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛쫓뷇쿂뗄듳톧짺ퟔ풸탔쪧튵 룶죋뗄쓜솦ꆢ뎤떽쫐뎡닎폫뺺헹ꎬퟔ평뗘톡퓱뻍튵떥캻뫍뻍튵뗘뗣ꎬ쪹룶죋볛횵뗃떽쪵쿖ꎬ튲잿뮯쇋웤닎폫뺺헹뗄폇뮼틢쪶ꎻ룟킣엠퇸뇏튵짺뗄맦룱폫짧믡탨쟳뗄맘쾵볓잿ꎬ폐솦뗘췆뚯톧킣퓚튵짨훃ꆢ뷌톧쮮욽뫍맜샭쮮욽랽쏦뗄뷌폽룄룯ꎻ폃죋떥캻ퟔ벺톡냎뫏쫊뗄죋닅ꎬ폐샻폚쳡룟퓋ퟷ킧싊ꎬ늢벤샸웤폅뮯폃릤쳵볾벰듽폶ꎬ컼틽뇏튵짺ꎬ잿뮯쇋폃릤떥캻룄룯뒴탂ꆣ 헢훖뻍튵훆뛈룄룯쮳펦쇋쫐뎡뺭볃뗄랢햹튪쟳ꎬ떫쫇평폚쫜떽듳톧짺쫕틦폫쪵쿖ퟔ컒뗈틲쯘뗄펰쿬ꎬ돶쿖쇋뻍튵늻뻹뫢뗄ힴ뿶ꎬ뇏튵짺뻍튵뷡릹뇈샽쪧뗷ꎬ릤ퟷ쯑톰쓑뛈볓듳ꆣ쯦ퟅ룟뗈뷌폽듳훚뮯랢햹뫍룟킣삩헐쫽솿뗄퓶볓ꎬ샍뚯솦쫐뎡릩맽폚쟳ꎬ싲랽쫐뎡탎돉ꎬ룷웳튵첧룟헐쫕뇏튵짺뗄쏅볷ꎬ헦헽퓬돉쇋룟횪쪶쮮욽ꆢ뗍닣듎뻍튵뗄죋닅샋럑ꎬ짵훁뷏뎤쪱볤쪧튵뗄쿖쿳ꆣ쯦ퟅ뺭볃탎쫆폫뻍튵쫐뎡뗄뢴퓓뮯ꎬ펰쿬릤ퟷ쯑톰킧싊폫킧맻뗄틲쯘훰붥퓶볓ꎬ뻍튵탎쫆퇏뻾ꆣ 2008쓪좫쟲뺭볃캣믺떼훂컒맺맺쓚뺭볃퓶쯙뇤뮺ꎬ좫맺듳늿럖웳튵뺭펪돶쿖삧쓑ꎬ폈웤쫇놸쫜쟳횰쟠뗄룟탂벼쫵웳튵ꆢ쮽웳ꆢ췢웳ꎬ뛔뻍튵폐훘튪컼쓉ퟷ폃뗄튻킩럇맺폐웳튵ꎬ쫜떽쇋뷏듳뗄돥믷ꎬ훆퓬튵ꆢIT탐튵ꆢ랿뗘닺탐튵뗈폃죋탨쟳쏷쿔붵뗍ꎬ떫쫇쿠맘튵뇏튵짺쫽솿뻞듳ꆣ헢쪹뗃듳솿뇏튵짺릤ퟷ쯑톰쪱볤퇓뎤ꎬ듳톧짺쪧튵쫽솿퓶볓ꆣ뷌폽늿뎤풬맳죊퓚2010쓪좫맺웕춨룟킣뇏튵짺뻍튵릤ퟷ믡틩짏첹퇔ꆰ맺볊뷰죚캣믺뛔컒맺뻍튵뗄늻샻펰쿬뮹쎻폐쿻돽ꎬ죧맻쮵2009쓪쫇컒맺뺭볃ퟮ삧쓑뗄튻쓪ꎬ2010쓪뿉쓜쫇ퟮ뢴퓓뗄튻쓪ꎬ뫪맛닣쏦뗄뻍튵탎쫆뫜퇏뻾ꆱꆣ뷸죫2011쓪ꎬ좫맺샍뚯쏜벯탍닺튵웕뇩돶쿖ꆰ폃릤믄ꆱꎬ웳튵폃뺡룷훖냬램죔좻헐늻살릤죋ꎻ폫듋탎돉쿊쏷뛔뇈뗄쫇ꎬ벱뻧엲헍뗄듳톧뇏튵짺쫽솿뫍퓶뎤쿠뛔늻ퟣ듳톧짺탨쟳맦쒣ꎬ쪹듳톧짺뗄뻍튵탎쫆틀좻퇏뻾ꆣ 뛾ꆢ컒맺듳톧짺릤ퟷ쯑톰탐캪뗄럖컶 ꎨ튻ꎩ듳톧짺릤ퟷ쯑톰탐캪뗄펰쿬틲쯘 듳톧짺퓚톡퓱횰튵쪱ꎬퟮ뾴훘뗄쫇룶죋캴살뗄랢햹폫뷺짽ꎬ릤쫕죫뗈틲쯘ꆣ1996쓪ꎬ놱뺩듳톧췅캯뗄뗷닩뷡맻쿔쪾ꎺ폐ꎥ뗄놻뗷닩톧짺냑ꆰ뺭볃쫕죫룟ꆱퟷ캪펰쿬뻍튵뗄훘튪틲쯘ꆣ1998쓪ꎬ뚡톩뫬뗄퇐뺿횤쏷ꎺ듳톧짺ퟮ맘탄뗄횰튵췢퓚뚯믺쫇컯훊샻틦ꎬퟮ맘탄뗄횰튵쓚퓚뚯믺쫇쓜솦뫍쳴햽뗈ퟔ컒쪵쿖틲쯘ꆣ뫺폱뚫뗈뛔쓏뺩폊뗧톧풺2001뷬뇏튵짺뷸탐뗷닩뷡맻뇭쏷ꎺ뇏튵짺뻍튵뗄ퟮ훘튪펰쿬틲쯘쫇랢햹잰뺰ꆢ뺭볃쫕죫ꆢ 17
믹폚릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뗄듳톧짺뻍튵컊쳢퇐뺿 튵뛔뿚ꆢ릤ퟷ뮷뺳ꆣ2002쓪ꎬ뫎쏧뗈뛔뚫쓏듳톧펦뷬뇏튵짺횰튵볛횵움볛뇪ힼ뷸탐뗷닩ꎬ뷡맻쿔쪾ꎺ룟뺭볃쫕죫ꆢ룶죋닅쓜ꆢ릤ퟷ뮷뺳쫇훘뗣뾼싇뗄잰죽쿮ꆣ2003쓪ꎬ뚡듳붨ꆢ룟쟬늨퓚뛔놱뺩뗘쟸룟킣놾뿆뇏튵짺뻍튵틢풸뗄뗷닩뷡맻쿔쪾ꎺ듳톧짺뻍튵쪱ퟮ뾴훘뗄틲쯘틀듎쫇쫇룶죋뗄랢햹폫뷺짽뻓ꆢ릤뢣샻ꆢ뻍튵뗘쟸ꆣ뛔듳솬샭릤듳톧2008뷬뇏튵짺뗄뗷닩쫽뻝훐튲쿔쪾ꎬퟮ쫜훘쫓뗄틲쯘틀듎캪쫇랢햹잰뺰ꆢ릤뢣샻ꆢ랢믓뿕1볤ꆣ 릤ퟷ뗘폲폫떥캻뗄톡퓱횱뷓맘쾵떽듳톧짺뗄릤ퟷ믺믡ꆢ릤ꆢ돉놾뗈랽쏦ꎬ틲듋ꎬ퓚늻뾼싇뺭볃훜웚ꆢ뺭볃탎쫆뗄틲쯘쿂ꎬ퓚릤ퟷ뗘폲톡퓱랽쏦ꎬ듳톧짺폅쿈뾼싇듳훐돇쫐ꆢ퇘몣뾪럅돇쫐뗈랢듯뗘쟸ꎻ퓚릤ퟷ떥캻뗄톡퓱랽쏦ꎬ췢뫏웳튵ꆢ듳탍맺폐웳튵ퟮ쫜쟠ꎬ쮽펪훐킡웳튵퓲놸쫜듳톧짺샤실ꎬ컷늿잷랢듯뗘쟸뫍뷏캪볨뿠뗄탐튵룼쫇짙폐죋컊뷲ꆣ ꎨ뛾ꎩ듳톧짺릤ퟷ쯑톰쒣쪽뗄럖컶 1.믹폚듳톧짺릤ퟷ쯑톰쒣탍뗄럖컶 놣쇴릤샭싛죏캪샍뚯헟퓚샍뚯솦쫐뎡짏톰헒릤ퟷꎬ늢늻쫇웚듽릤쮮욽쯦쯑톰쪱볤뗄퇓뎤뛸짏짽ꎬ뛸쫇퓚쯑톰탐캪횮돵뻍틑뺭탎돉튻룶웰싫뗄탄샭볛캻ꎬ춬쪱폐뮨럑튻뛎쪱볤톰헒뗄탄샭ힼ놸ꆣ헢룶탄샭볛캻뻍쫇놣쇴릤뗄쮮욽ꎬ룟폚듋쮮욽뻍뷓쫜ꎬ뗍폚듋쮮욽ꎬ쓾풸퓚쪧튵ힴ첬짏ꎬ볌탸쯑톰릤ퟷꆣ뛸쟒듓뺭볃톧뷇뛈뾴ꎬ샍뚯솦뗄쇷뚯쫇돉놾쫕틦뇈뷏ꆢ럖컶ꆢ좨뫢뗄뷡맻ꎬ듳톧짺뗄풤웚쫕죫폫폃죋떥캻쳡릩뗄릤쮮욽횮볤쫇듦퓚튻뚨닮틬뗄ꎬ듳톧짺ퟷ캪샭탔뗄뺭볃죋ꎬ퓚샍뚯솦쫐뎡짏쯑톰릤ퟷ뗄맽돌ꎬ쫇돉놾쫕틦뗄좨뫢맽돌ꆣ퓚잰쏦ꎬ춨맽듳톧짺뗄릤ퟷ쯑톰쒣탍ꎬ틑뺭쇋뷢떽헢룶쯑톰맽돌뿍맛짏폫쫐뎡뗄릤ퟷ뿕좱싊ꎬ벴릤ퟷ믺믡ꎬ뫍쫐뎡릤쮮욽폐횱뷓맘쾵ꆣ 컒맺떱잰샍뚯솦쫐뎡늢럇췪좫뺺헹뫍춳튻뗄ꎬ듳훂럖캪ꎺ듳돇쫐벰뚫늿ꆢ퇘몣랢듯뗘쟸캪훷뗄훷튪샍뚯솦쫐뎡뫍킡돇헲ꆢ컷늿듳늿럖늻랢듯뗘쟸캪훷뗄듎튪샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꆣ헢솽훖쫐뎡짏뗄릤ퟷ믺믡ꆢ릤쮮욽쫇늻춬뗄ꎬ짵훁쮵폐뷏듳닮틬ꎬ퇘몣뷏캪랢듯뗄돇쫐욽뻹릤쮮욽W룟폚훐컷늿돇쫐뗄릤쮮욽Wꎬ듳톧뇏튵짺룹뻝웤헆컕뗄샍뚯솦쫐AB뎡릤놨볛탅쾢ꎬ듳훂좷뚨튻룶뿉틔뷓쫜뗄ퟮ뗍릤놨볛ꎬ벴캪놣쇴릤Wꎬ듦퓚W0AꇝWꇝWꎬ뫜쏷쿔ꎬ샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄닮틬쿔훸펰쿬듳톧짺뗄릤ퟷ쯑톰맽돌뫍뷡맻ꎬ듳톧0B 1 쇏살풴ꎺ폚뗂룕ꎮ듳톧짺뻍튵웚췻뗄뗷닩폫퇐뺿[D]ꎮ듳솬샭릤듳톧ꎬ2009ꎺ3-4 18
릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛쫓뷇쿂뗄듳톧짺ퟔ풸탔쪧튵 뇏튵짺톡퓱퓚퇘몣뗘쟸뗈뷏캪랢듯뗄돇쫐뻍튵ꎬ틔믱좡룼듳뗄톡퓱뫍랢햹뿕볤ꆣ 튲뻍쫇쮵ꎬ평폚뗘쟸볤뗄릤쫕틦쮮욽뗄뷏듳닮틬ꎬ듳톧뇏튵짺뻍튵돊쿖돶튻뚨뗄뗘쟸폫돇쿧닮틬ꎬ퓚뗘폲짏췹췹뇭쿖캪쿈퇘몣뾪럅뗘쟸ꆢ뚫쓏늿뗘쟸ꆢ훐늿뗘쟸ꎬ뫳컷늿뗘쟸ꎬ쿈듳훐돇쫐ꎬ뫳킡돇헲ꆣ 쇭췢ꎬ듳톧짺퓚늻춬뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡볤쇷뚯ꎬ듦퓚튻킩헏낭ꆣ튻랽쏦ꎬ평폚듳톧짺릤ퟷ쯑톰뗄훕뗣춨뎣쫇훷튪샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꎬ뾼싇듓듎튪샍뚯솦쫐뎡떽훷튪샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄쇷뚯맽돌ꎬ돽쇋헽뎣뗄릤ퟷ쯑톰돉놾췢ꎬ뮹튪돐떣뷏룟뗄릤ퟷ뮻돉놾ꎺ듎튪샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄떥캻뫍웳튵캪쇋쇴죋ꎬ뛔듳톧짺뗄샫횰짨훃쇋튻뚨뗄헏낭ꎬ죧뫏춬웚쿞ꆢ캥풼뷰뗄쿞훆뗈ꎬ틲듋ꎬ돶폚릤ퟷ쫕틦뗄뾼싇ꎬ헢늿럖듳톧짺믡쳡룟놣쇴릤W뗄쮮욽ꎬ듓뛸붵뗍0쇋뷓쫜릤ퟷꎬ뷡쫸쯑톰뗄룅싊ꎬ짵훁ퟔ쯑톰뾪쪼듳톧짺뻍늻풸톡퓱듎튪샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꆣ쇭튻랽쏦ꎬ룶죋뗄놣쇴릤뇪ힼ듳훂탎돉맽뫳ꎬ쳡룟뷏캪죝틗ꎬ튪붵뗍뻍뫜쓑쇋ꎬ듓듳톧짺쯑톰릤ퟷ뗄쇷뚯탔살뾴ꎬ죧맻돵쪼톡퓱훷튪샍뚯솦ꎨ훷튪쫇퇘몣뾪럅탔뗘쟸ꎩ쫐뎡ꎬ탎돉쇋뷏룟뗄놣쇴릤뇪ힼꎬ뻍늻풸퓙뷓쫜듎벶샍뚯솦쫐뎡ꎨ훷튪쫇킡돇헲ꆢ컷늿뗈뷏늻랢듯뗄뗘쟸ꎩ뗄릤ퟷ쯑톰ꎬ뒦폚훷튪쫐뎡뗄듳톧짺쓾풸쪧튵ꎬ늻풸쿲듎튪쫐뎡쇷뚯ꆣ 뺭볃톧맘폚샭탔죋뗄볙짨쫇탐캪죋쪵쿖풤웚샻틦ퟮ듳뮯ꎬ떫풤웚샻틦ퟮ듳뮯늢늻튻뚨믡쪵쿖뷡맻샻틦ퟮ듳뮯ꎬ풤웚ퟮ폅떼훂뗄뷡맻ퟮ폅뗄쪵쿖쳵볾쫇탅쾢뗄췪좫ꆣ쫂쪵짏ꎬ샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄탅쾢늻췪좫ꎬퟷ캪떥룶쯑톰헟ꎬ뛔쫐뎡뗄탅쾢헆컕뗄늢늻돤럖ꎬ뇘좻믡퓚쯑톰맽돌훐ꎬ춨맽늻뛏믱뗃뗄탂탅쾢뫍릤놨볛ꎬ늻뛏뗷헻ퟔ벺뗄놣쇴릤ꆣ탅쾢믱좡뗄폐킧탔ꆢ돤럖탔뫍벰쪱탔믡펰쿬떽릤ퟷ쯑톰헟뗄놣쇴릤쮮욽ꆢ쯑톰쪱볤뫍쯑톰뷡맻ꆣ 늻춬뗄쯑톰탅쾢쟾뗀쳡릩뗄믺믡닮뇰뫜듳ꎬ듳톧뇏튵짺쯑톰뗄쟾뗀훷튪캪헐울믡ꆢ췸싧벰웤쯻쎽쳥ꆢ쟗엳뫃폑뗈짧믡맘쾵릵춨폫췆볶뗈ꆣ헐울믡쫇듳톧짺뻍튵듓ꆰ춳냼춳럖ꆱ캪ꆰퟔ훷퓱튵ꆱ뗄닺컯ꎬ캪폃죋떥캻뫍듳톧뇏튵짺쳡릩쇋횱뷓뛔뮰뗄믺믡ꎬ붻틗돉놾뫍쪱볤돉놾뚼쿠뛔뷏뗍ꆣ쯦ퟅ탅쾢벼쫵뗄랢햹ꎬ춨맽췸싧쟳횰폫헐울놻죋쏇맣캪뷓쫜ꎬ쯤좻좱랦횱맛탅쾢뫍붻쇷ꎬ떫웤탅쾢믱뗃쯙뛈뷏뿬ꆢ쯑톰돉놾뗍ꆣ쟗엳뫃폑횮볤뮥춨탅쾢뿉틔쪵쿖퓚탅쾢쯑톰뗄맽돌훐뗄ꆰ듮뇣뎵ꆱꎬ튻룶쎻폐좥맽쒳웳튵톧짺ꎬ뿉틔듓웤쯻좥맽쓇룶웳튵톰럃뗄엳폑쓇샯뗃떽맘폚헢룶웳튵뗄탅쾢ꎬ듓뛸뿉틔붵뗍웤믱좡탅쾢뗄돉놾ꎻ쟗엳뫃폑횮볤뮥춨폐컞ꎬ쯹뗄탅쾢뷏캪뿉뾿ꎬ쫇쇋뷢룼캪헦쪵폐킧뗄헐울탅쾢뫍쫐뎡릤럖늼쟩뿶뗄훘튪춾뺶ꎬ뇣폚뗷헻룼캪쪵볊뗄놣쇴릤쮮욽ꎻ쟗엳뫃폑쓜릻냯쎦틽볶룼쫇튻훖뇣뷝뿬쯙뗄뻍튵춾뺶ꎬ쯹믱뗃릤튻냣살쮵웰뗣튲믡뷏룟ꆣ듳훐돇쫐ꆢ 19
믹폚릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뗄듳톧짺뻍튵컊쳢퇐뺿 퇘몣뾪럅돇쫐헐울믡뾪뫍뻍튵훐뷩뷏뛠ꎬ쯑톰릤ퟷ뗄쟾뗀뷏캪럡뢻폫뇣샻ꎬ틲웤뛔늻춬훖샠늻춬닣듎뗄웳튵폐뫜잿뗄냼죝탔ꎬ죝틗탎돉맣랺뗄죋싶풴ꎬ벰쪱폐킧뗄탅쾢믱좡뗄룅싊뷏듳ꎬ틲듋떱잰듳톧짺뻍튵쟣쿲퇘몣뾪럅뗘쟸ꆢ듳훐돇쫐ꆣ 룹뻝릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛ꎬ컒쏇뗃떽ꎺ평폚듳톧짺쫐뎡뻍튵쫐뎡듦퓚탅쾢뗄럇뛔돆탔ꎬ듳톧짺뇏튵쪱뷶듳훂쇋뷢떽늻춬뗘쟸ꆢ늻춬웳튵뗄킽듽폶늻튻퇹ꎬ캪쇋헒떽듽폶ퟮ병뗄릤ퟷꎬ쯻뇘탫뮨럑쪱볤늻뛏쯑톰ꎬ퓚쯑톰떽싺틢뗄릤ퟷ횮잰ꎬ쯻뒦폚퓝쪱뗄쪧튵ힴ첬ꆣ뛸쟒ꎬ평폚뻍튵틢쿲폐튻뚨욫쿲탔ꎬ캪쇋쇴퓚듳돇쫐ꆢ랢듯뗘쟸ꎬ캪쇋뷸죫맺웳뫍췢웳ꎨ뛸헢킩떥캻뗄릤ퟷ믺믡쿠뛔쾡좱ꎩꎬ뫜뛠듳톧짺쓾풸뷓쫜쿠뛔뷏캪뎤웚뗄ꆰ쪧튵ꆱꆣ 2.믹폚듳톧짺죋솦놾쒣탍뗄럖컶 춨맽잰쏦죋솦놾쒣탍ꎬ뗃횪뛔룶죋쯹펵폐벼쓜뗄뚨볛퓚웳튵볤쫇폐닮틬뗄ꎬ헢뻍뿉틔뷢쫍캪쪲쎴듳톧짺풸틢톡퓱퓚퇘몣뗘쟸ꆢ뾪럅탔뗄듳돇쫐뻍튵ꎬ쾣췻뷸죫ꆰ낲컈ꆱ뗄맺볒믺맘ꆢ쫂튵떥캻뫍쿠뛔맦쒣뷏듳뗄웳튵뻍튵ꆣ ꎨ1ꎩ릤ퟷ뗘폲뗄톡퓱 늻춬탐튵뛔벼쓜튪쟳늻춬ꎬ늻춬튵ꆢ늻춬샠탍듳톧짺뻟놸뗄죋솦놾벼쓜튲늻춬ꎬ듳톧짺쟣쿲폚톡퓱폫웤틑뺭뻟놸뗄죋솦놾벼쓜탔욥엤뗄웳튵뻍튵ꆣ듳돇쫐닺튵쿠뛔쏜벯ꎬ횴탐춳튻짺닺죎컱뻛벯퓚튻웰뗄웳튵좺튲뷏듳ꎬ듳톧뇏튵짺헒떽싺틢뗄ꎬ럻뫏웚췻E(λ)뗄룅싊뷏듳ꎻ뛸쟒ꎬ죧맻폫쒳웳튵뗄웵풼훐뛏ꎬ퓙쯑톰떽폫룃웳튵뛔벼쓜뢳폨좨훘쿠쯆뗄웳튵튲뷏캪죝틗ꆣ퇘몣뾪럅뗘쟸돇쫐뮯쮮욽뷏룟ꎬ닺튵벯좺뷏캪엓듳ꎬ뛔폚퓱튵헟떱좻뇈훐컷늿뗘쟸룼뻟폐컼틽솦ꆣ 뢴떩듳톧뛔12쯹늿쫴풺킣ꆢ뗘랽탔풺킣뫍횰튵풺킣뗄듳톧짺퓱튵틢풸뷸탐쇋뗄튻듎뗷닩쿔쪾ꎺ%뗄듳톧짺톡퓱놱뺩ꆢ짏몣ꆢ맣훝ꆢ짮?뗘쟸ꎻ톡퓱돽쇋놱뺩ꆢ짏몣ꆢ맣훝ꆢ짮?횮췢뗄퇘몣뾪럅돇쫐뗄듳톧짺풼햼뗷닩죋쫽뗄튻냬ꎬ뇈샽듯떽%ꎻ풸틢냑쓚슽쪡믡돇쫐ퟷ캪샭쿫뻍튵뗘폲뗄톧짺튲폐%ꎻ풸틢떽컷늿뾪랢돇쫐ꎨ컷낲ꆢ돉뚼ꆢ훘쟬ꎩ뗄톧짺햼떽%ꆣ컷늿듳뾪랢뗘쟸폫죋닅뷴좱ꆢ뺭볃실뫳뗄뇟풶뗘쟸늻쫜1듳톧짺쟠ꎬ쾣췻떽헢킩뗘랽릤ퟷ뗄듳톧짺럖뇰뷶햼ퟜ놻럃듳톧짺뗄%뫍%ꆣ싳뿉쮼훐맺듳톧짺뻍튵퇐뺿뿎쳢ퟩ뛔2008뷬듳톧뇏튵짺뗄뗷닩퇐뺿튲쿔쪾ꎺ맣뚫ꆢ놱뺩ꆢ짏몣펦뷬듳톧짺뺻쇷죫싊럖뇰틔152%ꆢ147%ꆢ128%ꎬ틔웤캪훷뗄뚫늿뫍퇘몣랢듯뗘쟸뺻쇷죫싊룟ꎬ돉캪듳톧뇏튵짺릤ퟷ쫗톡뗘쟸ꎻ탎돉쿊쏷뛔뇈뗄쫇붭컷ꆢ뫾쓏ꆢ뫾놱뗈 1 쫽뻝살풴ꎺ헔욵ꎬ뚡헱맺ꎬ십쿲욽ꎮ듳톧짺뻍튵업돢폫헾뢮퓰죎[J]ꎮ훐맺뗘훊듳톧톧놨ꎬ2009(3)ꎺ106 20
릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛쫓뷇쿂뗄듳톧짺ퟔ풸탔쪧튵 1훐컷늿뗘쟸돊쿖쇋뷏룟뗄쇷돶싊ꎨ뢺뗄뺻쇷죫싊ꎩꆣ ꆰ뚫늿퇘몣랢듯뗘쟸뗄놾뿆짺풴횻햼좫맺뗄35%ꎬ떫뷓쓉쇋좫맺59%뗄펦뷬듳톧2놾뿆뇏튵짺뻍튵ꎻ룟횰룟짺풴햼37%ꎬ떫퓚듋뻍튵뗄룟횰룟뇏튵짺햼60%ꆱꆣ헢킩쫽뻝뿍맛짏쮵쏷뚫늿퇘몣뗄릤ퟷ믺믡뫍컼쓉뻍튵뗄쓜솦좷쪵뷏잿ꎬ듳톧짺ퟷ캪샭탔뗄뺭볃죋ꎬ떱좻욫쿲폚톡퓱퓚헢킩뗘쟸뻍튵ꆣ 평싳뿉쮼뛔2009뷬듳톧짺뇏튵냫쓪뫳뗄돩퇹룺ퟙ뗷닩쿔쪾ꎺꆰ211ꆱ풺킣뇏튵짺뗄쫗톡뻍튵돇쫐훷튪쫇횱쾽쫐ꎬ햼헢엺톧짺ퟜ쫽뗄44%ꎻ럇ꆰ211ꆱ놾뿆풺킣틔벰룟횰룟뇏튵짺뗄쫗톡뻍튵돇쫐훷튪쫇뢱쪡벶쫐ꎬ뻹듯떽웤룷ퟔퟜ쫽뗄45%ꆣ듳돇쫐뻟폐뻍튵쫐뎡맦쒣듳ꆢ뺭볃컄뮯랢햹쮮욽룟ꆢ횰튵쓜솦돉뎤믺믡뛠뗈쳘뗣ꎬ췹췹돉캪듳톧뇏튵짺뻍튵뗄쫗톡ꎻ뫜뛠훐킡돇쫐뇈듳돇쫐랢햹췭10떽15쓪ꎬ믹뒡짨쪩뫍죋닅쳡짽뿕볤뚼폫듳돇쫐폐쿠떱닮뻠ꎬ뚫늿퇘몣랢듯뗘쟸뇈훐컷늿돇쫐뗄뾪럅탔룼잿ꎬ릤ퟷ믺폶룼뛠ꎬ듳톧짺릤ퟷ쯑톰뗄뷡맻떱좻쫇톡퓱퓚떽뚫늿뫍퇘몣뗈듳돇쫐쒱횰ꆣ ꎨ2ꎩ릤ퟷ떥캻뗄톡퓱 평폚샍뚯솦쫐뎡짏릤쫕틦돊쿖뗄쏷쿔닮틬ꎬ듳톧뇏튵짺퓚떥캻톡퓱짏뇭쿖돶뷏듳뗄틢풸탔쟣쿲ꎬ릤ퟷ컈뚨돌뛈ꆢ룶죋랢햹뿕볤ꆢ웳튵짹췻뗈틲쯘뻍릹돉쇋듳톧뇏튵짺퓱튵랽쿲뗄믹놾늽뗷ꆣ 듓떥캻맦쒣살뾴ꎬ듳웳튵폐뫜뛠닮틬탔뗄룚캻뿉릩톡퓱ꎬ듳톧짺헒떽폫웤죋솦놾벼쓜쿠욥엤뗄룚캻쿠뛔킡웳튵뷏캪죝틗ꆣ듓듳톧짺퓚늻춬웳튵횮볤뗄쇷뚯탔랽쏦살뾴ꎬ죧맻쫗쿈톡퓱듳웳튵ꎬ퓚릤ퟷ훐믱뗃룼뛠훖죋솦놾벼쓜뗄뿉쓜탔듳ꎬ복짙쇋톧쾰헢킩벼쓜ퟔ벺쯹탨튪뮨럑뗄돉놾ꎬ퓚릤ퟷ뮻쪱ꎬ뿉톡퓱뿕볤튲믡룼듳ꆣ 듓떥캻탔훊살뾴ꎬ맺볒믺맘ꆢ쫂튵떥캻ꆢ맺폐웳튵뗈릤ퟷ컈뚨돌뛈뷏룟ꎬ떱잰뗄듳톧짺ꆰ뾼릫컱풱ꆱꆢꆰ헵쳺랹췫ꆱ횮럧헽쮵쏷쇋듳톧짺뛔컈뚨릤ퟷ뗄쿲췹ꆣ튻킩뺭펪ힴ뿶뷏뫃뗄쮽펪ꆢ쏱펪웳튵틔웤뷏룟뗄욷없킧펦뫍쳡릩랢햹뿕볤뗄잱솦ꎬ튲놻풽살풽뛠뗄듳톧뇏튵짺톡퓱ꆣ 퇯훝듳톧랢햹맦뮮퇐뺿쫒훷죎뛔룃듳톧뇏튵짺뻍튵샭쿫떥캻틢쿲뗄뗷닩쿔쪾ꎺ톡퓱떽맺볒믺맘뫍ꆰ죽ꆱ웳튵뗄룟킣뇏튵짺뇈샽ퟮ룟ꎬ럖뇰캪%뫍%ꆣ맺폐웳튵햼%ꎬ뿆퇐떥캻햼%ꎬ톧킣햼%ꆣ뛸떽벯쳥웳튵뗄뇈샽뷶캪%ꎬ떽쿧헲웳 1 힢ꎺ쇷죫싊=퓚췢쪡뛁쫩떽놾뗘뻍튵뗄펦뷬뇏튵짺죋쫽/놾쪡펦뷬뇏튵짺뗄뻍튵ퟜ죋쫽ꎻ 쇷돶싊=퓚놾쪡뛁쫩떽췢쪡뻍튵뗄펦뷬뇏튵짺죋쫽/놾쪡펦뷬뇏튵짺뗄뻍튵ퟜ죋쫽ꎻ 뺻쇷죫싊=쇷죫싊ꎭ쇷돶싊 2 쫽뻝살풴ꎺ싳뿉쮼훐맺듳톧짺뻍튵퇐뺿뿎쳢ퟩꎮ2009쓪훐맺듳톧짺뻍튵놨룦 21
믹폚릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뗄듳톧짺뻍튵컊쳢퇐뺿 1튵뗄뇈샽룼뗍ꎬ뷶캪%ꆣꆰ룊쯠쪡룟뗈뷌폽맦쒣삩햹폫샍뚯솦쫐뎡쿎뷓퇐뺿ꆱ뿎쳢ퟩ뛔룊쯠쪡2007-2010뷬듳톧뇏튵짺뗄뻍튵ힴ뿶돩퇹뗷닩쿔쪾ꎬ떽떳헾믺맘뻍튵뗄뇏튵짺2돊훰쓪짏짽쟷쫆ꎬ2010뷬떽맺폐듳훐탍웳튵릤ퟷ뗄뇏튵짺ퟮ룟ꆣ 죽ꆢ듳톧짺ퟔ풸탔쪧튵뗄탎돉 쪧튵쫇횸뻟놸샍뚯쓜솦ꎬ쟒풸틢뻍튵뗄샍뚯헟헒늻떽릤ퟷ뗄짧믡쿖쿳ꆣ듓헢샯뿉틔뾴돶ꎬ쪧튵탨튪뻟놸뗄쳵볾쫇ꎺ뻟폐샍뚯쓜솦ꎬ풸틢뻍튵ꎬ쎻폐릤ퟷꆣ헢퇹뾴살ꎬퟔ풸탔뫍쪧튵뫃쿱늻쓜럅퓚튻룶룅쓮샯ꎬ벴늻듦퓚ퟔ풸탔쪧튵ꆣ웤쪵ꎬ퓚쪧튵헟떱훐폐튻늿럖죋쫇폐샍뚯쓜솦ꎬ풸틢릤ퟷꎬ횻쫇뛔틑폐뗄릤ퟷ믺믡늻싺ꎬ폚쫇쓾풸퓝쪱톡퓱쪧튵ꎬ쯻쏇훷뚯톡퓱쪧튵뗄탐캪쫇튻훖ퟔ풸탔쪧튵뗄탐캪ꆣ맅뗤톧엉ퟷ캪뛔쪧튵퇐뺿펰쿬짮풶튻듳샭싛쇷엉ꎬ죏캪퓚샍뚯솦쫐뎡짏ꎬ쪧튵쫇ꆰ쒦닁탔ꆱ뗄ꎬ쫇톰헒릤ퟷ뗄맽돌뛸틑ꆣ죧맻폐쪧튵쿖쿳듦퓚ꎬ캨튻뗄뿉쓜뻍쫇릤첫룟쇋ꎬ떱쿖쪵뗄릤쮮욽뎬맽뻹뫢뗄릤쮮욽쪱ꎬ쪧튵뻍닺짺쇋ꆣ떫쫇ꎬ헢훖쪧튵횻쫇퓝쪱쿖쿳ꎬ횻튪샍뚯릤뿉틔쇩믮뗄뗷헻ꎬ쓇쎴ꎬ릤뻍뿉틔뗷헻떽뻹뫢뗄릤쮮욽ꎬ쪧튵쿖쿳뻍뿉틔쿻돽ꆣ쯤좻짧믡뗄뻍튵ퟜ솿폐쯹쿂붵ꎬ떫헢늿럖샍뚯솦뚼쫇퓚탂뗄뻹뫢릤쮮욽쿂ꎬ늻풸틢뻍튵뗄ꆰퟔ풸쪧튵헟ꆱꆣ 룹뻝ퟔ풸탔쪧튵뗄뚨틥ꎬ평폚늻풸틢내헕쿖탐믵뇒릤쮮욽뫍릤ퟷ쳵볾뻍튵뛸틽웰뗄쪧튵캽횮ꆣ떱쿖폐뗄릤ퟷ믺믡ꆢ릤뗈늻쓜싺ퟣꎬ믲듯늻떽뻍튵웚췻쪱ꎬ듳톧짺쓾풸톡퓱쪧튵튲늻풸듓쫂늻첫싺틢뗄뻍튵ꎬ튲뻍쫇닺짺쇋ퟔ풸탔쪧튵ꆣ뛸쟒ꎬ퓚튻뚨뗄랶캧쓚ꎬ릤ퟷ헒톰뗄쪱볤풽뎤ꎬ믱뗃뗄탅쾢풽뛠ꆢ풽돤럖ꎬ믱뗃듽폶폅풽뗄릤ퟷ뗄뿉쓜탔풽듳ꆣ캪쇋믱뗃헢럝듽폶룼룟ꎬ룼쓜싺ퟣ풤웚뗄릤ퟷꎬ듳톧짺믡뒦폚튻뛎쪱웚뗄퓝쪱탔쪧튵ꎨ룃뛎쪱웚쓚뗄쪧튵튲뿉틔샭뷢캪쒦닁탔쪧튵ꎩꆣ튲뻍쫇쮵ꎬ퓚릤ퟷ쯑톰웚볤ꎬ듳톧짺뒦폚쪧튵ힴ첬ꆣꎨ횵뗃힢틢뗄쫇ꎬ탅쾢늻돤럖믡퓶볓뇏튵짺릤ퟷ헒톰뗄쪱볤ꎬ듓뛸퇓뎤듳톧뇏튵짺쪧튵웚쪱볤ꆣꎩ 훐컷늿뗘쟸뗄뺭볃랢햹쮮욽쳡릩늻쇋듳톧뇏튵짺쯹탨튪뗄릤ퟷ믺믡ꎬ싺ퟣ늻쇋쯻쏇뗄듽폶탨쟳ꎬ뛸쟒컒맺샍뚯솦쫐뎡듦퓚뇈뷏퇏훘뗄훆뛈탔럖룮ꎬ듳톧짺떽믹닣뫍컷늿뗘쟸릤ퟷꎬ쯻뗄뮧뿚뫍떵낸붫낲럅퓚릤ퟷ뗘ꎬ퓙쿫쇷뚯뻍믡엶떽튻킩훆뛈탔헏낭뫍뷏룟뗄쇷뚯돉놾ꆣ틲듋ꎬ컷늿뗘쟸뗄펦뷬듳톧뇏튵짺톡퓱쇷돶ꎬ믲쫇쓾풸쪧튵튲늻풸틢퓚컷늿뇟풶뗘쟸뻍튵뗄ퟔ풸탔쪧튵뻖쏦ꆣ 1 쫽뻝살풴ꎺ붪볌뫬ꎮ짧믡놾폫뻍튵퇐뺿[M]ꎮ짧믡뿆톧컄쿗돶냦짧ꎬ2005ꎺ93 2 쇏살풴ꎺ컷늿룟킣뇏튵짺뻍튵뗷닩[EB/OL]ꎮ 22
릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛쫓뷇쿂뗄듳톧짺ퟔ풸탔쪧튵 퓚듳돇쫐뇏튵뗄듳톧짺쓾풸퓚죋뛠룚짙뗄랢듯돇쫐뷏뎤쪱볤쯑톰릤ퟷꎬ뛸늻쿫떽컷늿ꆢ훐킡돇쫐뻍튵ꎻ뫜뛠퓚훐킡돇쫐뇏튵뗄듳톧짺ꎬ죏캪헢샯랢햹믺믡늻뛠ꎬ퓚쎻폐떽듳돇쫐쒱룟뻍뗄쪱웚ꎬ믡뒦폚퓝쪱탔뗄쪧튵ힴ첬ꆣ늿럖듳톧뇏튵짺죏캪훐킡웳튵뫍쏱펪웳튵뗄뺭펪늻릻컈뚨ꎬ샍뚯헟뗄ퟛ뫏뢣샻쮮욽뷏뗍ꎬ늻믡붫웤떱ퟷ뎤뻃뻍튵톡퓱ꎬ짵훁뮹믡럅웺뻍튵믺믡ꎬ탎돉ퟔ풸탔쪧튵ꎻ늿럖듳톧뇏튵짺짺떽쯹캽샭쿫뗄듳웳튵좴쎻폐쿭쫜떽샭쿫뗄듽폶뇪ힼꎬ믲쫇죏캪웰킽늻뺡죧죋틢ꎬ듓뛸톡퓱쪧튵ꎬ벴ퟔ풸탔쪧튵ꆣ볲떥살쮵ꎬ뻍쫇듳톧뇏튵짺퓚릤ퟷ쯑톰쪱웚ꎬ늢늻쫇쎻폐릤ퟷ믺믡ꎬ횻쫇풤웚볌탸쯑톰믡폐룼뫃뗄릤ퟷ믺믡ꎬ폚쫇ꎬ뻜뻸틑폐뗄릤ퟷ믺믡ꎬ톡퓱쇋ퟔ풸탔쪧튵ꆣ 23
듳톧짺릤ퟷ쯑톰랽쪽뗄룄뷸 뗚쯄헂 듳톧짺릤ퟷ쯑톰랽쪽뗄룄뷸 듳톧짺뗄릤ퟷ쯑톰탐캪쫇튻훖샭탔뗄죋솦놾춶탐캪ꎬ떫쫇뷏뎤쪱볤뗄쯑톰뇘좻믡퓬돉헻룶맺볒죋솦풴뗄샋럑ꎬ틲듋죧뫎쯵뛌듳톧짺뗄릤ퟷ쯑톰쪱볤ꎬ듙뷸샍뚯솦릩탨욥엤쫇쪵쿖죋솦풴벰쪱돤럖샻폃ꎬ듙뷸뺭볃랢햹뫍캬뮤짧믡컈뚨뗄훘뗣ꆣ뇊헟죏캪ꎬ펦떱룄뇤듳톧짺릤ퟷ쯑톰랽쪽ꎬ닉폃쿈뻍튵뫳퓱튵ꎬ벴퓚횰쯑톰뗄랽쪽룄짆듳톧짺쪧튵쿖ힴꎬ틔믹닣뻍튵뗄랽쪽ꎬ룄뇤뻍튵욫쿲탔벰짧믡헻쳥뻍튵뷡릹ꆣ 튻ꆢ쿈뻍튵뫳퓱튵ꎺ퓚횰쯑톰 ꎨ튻ꎩꆰ쿈뻍튵뫳퓱튵ꆱ뗄틢틥 뛔폚듳톧짺뗄ퟔ풸탔쪧튵뗄뻖쏦ꎬ뫜뛠톧헟죏캪훷튪쫇평폚듳톧짺웚췻횵맽룟ꎬ믲뛔뻍튵폐욫킱샭뷢퓬돉뗄ꎬ쯻쏇죏캪듳톧뇏튵짺튪뇤맛쓮ꎬ쏦뛔쿖쪵ꎬ퓝쪱톡퓱튻룶쓄엂쫇늢늻싺틢뗄웳튵뻍튵ꎬ쿈뻍튵ꎬ뫳퓱튵ꎬ톧믡퓚쇷뚯훐쟳짺듦ꎬ틔ꆰ퓚횰쯑톰ꆱ뗄랽쪽ꎬ퓚랴뢴뗄릤ퟷ뺭샺뫍릤ퟷ룼쳦훐믽샛뺭퇩ꎬ퓶볓퓄샺ꎬ쪵쿖ퟔ벺뗄죋짺샭쿫ꎬ뛸늻뇘튪캪쯑톰떽샭쿫릤ퟷ뛸쪧튵ꎬ헢퇹튲뻍늻듦퓚듳톧짺ퟔ풸탔쪧튵쇋ꆣ뷌폽늿쏅튲쳡돶쇋ꆰ쿈뻍튵뫳퓱튵ꆱ뗄뿚뫅ꎬ튪쟳듳톧짺쟥탑뗄죏쪶ퟔ컒ꎬ뗷헻뫃퓱튵탄첬ꎬ냚헽ퟔ벺뗄캻훃ꎬ룹뻝짧믡탨튪뗷헻ퟔ벺뗄톡퓱ꎬ뫏샭뗘좷뚨뻍튵웚췻ꎬ벰쪱뻍튵ꎬ퓙퓚쪵볹훐헒ힼퟔ벺뗄캻훃ꆣ룟킣튲냑ꆰ쿈뻍튵뫳퓱튵ꆱퟷ캪쳡룟뻍튵싊횸뇪뗄좨틋횮볆뛸놶볓췆돧ꆣ뗄좷ꎬ헢훖뎫떼쫕떽쇋맣랺뗄쿬펦ꎬ튻럝뛔5룶돇쫐뗄1000뛠쏻2009쓪펦뷬룟킣뇏튵짺뻍튵틢풸뗄뗷퇐쫽뻝쿔쪾ꎺ퓚뻍튵톹솦쿂ꎬ2009쓪룟킣뇏튵짺뗄뻍튵맛쓮듓ꆰ튻듎퓱튵뚨훕짭ꆱ뗄튻햾쪽랢햹ꎬ캪ꆰ쿈떽믹닣뮺돥뫍탮뗧ꎬ캪틔뫳퓙듎퓱튵ퟶힼ1놸ꆱ뗄솽뛎쪽랢햹ꆣꆰ쿈뻍튵뫳퓱튵ꆱ뛔폚룄짆듳톧뇏튵짺쪧튵쿖ힴꎬ복짙짧믡쪧튵죋풱ퟜ솿ꎬ컈뚨짧믡뺭볃훈탲웰떽뫜듳뗄ퟷ폃ꎬ헽돉캪튻훖탂뗄횰튵짺퇄맦뮮ꆣ 1 췵쏷벧ꎮꆰ쿈뻍튵뫳퓱튵ꆱ쓍죋톰캶[EB/OL]ꎮ 25
믹폚릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뗄듳톧짺뻍튵컊쳢퇐뺿 ꎨ뛾ꎩꆰ쿈뻍튵뫳퓱튵ꆱ뗄뢺쏦킧펦 ꆰ쿈뻍튵뫳퓱튵ꆱꎬ벴컒쏇춨뎣쯹횸뗄ꆰ웯슿헒십ꆱ뗄뻍튵랽쪽틑뺭뗃떽룷듳룟킣ꆢ뷌폽늿쏅뫍훮뛠톧헟뗄뿏뚨ꎬ짵훁틑뺭놻풽살풽뛠늻郖쫀쫂뗄듳톧뇏튵짺쯹뷓쓉ꎬ떫퓚뇊헟뾴살ꎬ헢훖뻍튵맛쓮쯤좻뎫떼쇋톧짺틔튻훖놰캢늻쳴쳞뗄탄첬좥릤ퟷꎬ퓝쪱믱뗃쇋릤ퟷ믺믡뫍폐쇋뻍튵룚캻ꎬ퓚뛌웚쓚뛔폚뮺뷢뻍튵톹솦닺짺쇋튻뚨뗄믽벫ퟷ폃뫍짧믡킧맻ꎬ떫쫇쯦ퟅ쪱볤뗄췆틆ꎬ웤뢺쏦킧펦튲훰붥쿔쿖ꆣ튻랽쏦ꎬ뛔듳톧짺횰튵짺퇄맦뮮뗄탎돉뫍횰튵쾰맟뗄퇸돉폐튻뚨뗄컳떼ꎬ쇭튻랽쏦ꎬ뛔웳튵뗄헻쳥퓋ퟷ뫍뺭볃샻틦믡퓬돉튻뚨뗄쯰몦ꆣ 1.듓웳튵뷇뛈럖컶 쫗쿈ꎬ틽죫뺭볃쒣탍럖컶웳튵돉놾쫕틦ꎺ샍뚯헟퓚웳튵훐뗄릤ퟷ럖캪솽뷗뛎ꎬ뗚튻뷗뛎훐웳튵돽쇋횧뢶샍뚯헟릤췢뮹튪뢺떣튻뚨뗄엠통럑폃ꎬ뗚뛾뷗뛎훐웳튵횻탨튪횧뢶샍뚯헟릤ꆣ폃W뫍W럖뇰뇭쪾뗚튻뷗뛎뫍뗚뛾뷗뛎뗄릤ꎬ폃H뇭쪾웳튵뢺떣뗄12엠통럑폃ꎬ폃VMP뫍VMP럖뇰뇭쪾솽룶뷗뛎샍뚯헟캪웳튵쳡릩뗄뇟볊닺욷볛횵ꎬ폃r듺12뇭쫐뎡헛쿖싊ꆣ뿉틔뗃떽ꎺ (W+H)+W(1+r)=VMP+VMP(1+r) ꎨ4-1ꎩ 1212헻샭뗃ꎺ W+H=VMP+(VMP−W)(1+r) ꎨ4-2ꎩ 1122(VMP−W)(1+r)늿럖캪웳튵뗚뛾뷗뛎뺻쫕틦ꎬ헢샯폃K뇭쪾ꎬ릫쪽ꎨ4-2ꎩ뿉틔22헻샭캪ꎺ W+H=VMP+K ꎨ4-3ꎩ 11평폚떱잰듳톧짺쇷뚯탔잿ꎬ죧맻뗚튻뷗뛎뷡쫸ꎬ듳톧짺뻍샫뾪ꎬ쓇쎴ꎬK=0ꎬ벴ꎺW+H=VMPꆣ폚쫇웳튵냗쎦믮튻뎡ꎬ쿠떱폚쎻폐뗃떽죎뫎샻죳ꎬ뮹쯰쪧쇋맍폃웤쯻11샍뚯헟뗄믺믡돉놾ꆣ 몣쾿떼놨뗄볇헟쯦믺뛔쿃듳ꆢ벯듳ꆢ쿃쏅샭릤톧풺ꆢ뢣붨쪦랶듳톧뗈룟킣몭룇놾뿆폫퇐뺿짺뗄100쏻듳톧뇏튵짺뷸탐뗷닩랢쿖ꎬ뛔ꆰ쏦뛔뻍튵톹솦ꎬ뇏튵떱쿂쫇럱폐튻럝릤ퟷ룸ퟔ벺뻍뫃ꆱ뗄컊쳢짏ꎬ55%뗄쫜럃헟톡퓱ꆰ쫇ꆱꎬ뛸뛔ꆰ뗚튻럝릤ퟷ죧맻늻쫇ퟔ벺쯹낮ꎬ쫇럱믡듇횰ꆱ뗄컊쳢짏ꎬ폐%뗄쫜럃헟톡퓱ꆰ믡ꆱꆣ뛔폚웳튵살쮵ꎬ쎻폐쓄룶웳튵풸틢놻떱ퟷꆰ쫔뷰쪯ꆱ뫍듳톧짺릤ퟷ뗄ꆰ쳸냥ꆱꆣ훐맺죋솦풴뾪랢췸뫍ꆶ듳톧짺26
듳톧짺릤ퟷ쯑톰랽쪽뗄룄뷸 뻍튵ꆷ퓓횾퓚2006쓪뷸탐ꆰ좫맺듳톧짺뻍튵쿖ힴ벰랢햹ꆱ뗷닩쪱ꎬ튻캻죋솦풴훷맜쏅퓚뗷닩컊뻭훐킴뗀ꎺꆰ컒쏇헢샯늻쫇엠통믹뗘ꎬ쟫듳볒헤쾧살횮늻틗뗄릤ퟷ믺믡ꆣꆱ 뻝춳볆ꎬ듳톧짺퓚탂떥캻듴싺튻쓪뗄늻뎬맽20%ꎬ폚쫇뫜뛠웳튵늻싺폚펦뷬뇏튵듳1톧짺ꆰ돉믮싊ꆱ첫뗍ꆣ튻랽쏦ꎬ웳튵듓즸톡쟳횰볲샺ꎬ떽ퟩ횯뇊쫔ꆢ쏦쫔ꎬ퓙좷뚨슼폃쏻떥ꎬ뮨럑쇋듳솿헐울돉놾ꎬ폖캪엠퇸돶웳튵쫊폃탔죋닅뮨럑듳솿엠통돉놾ꎬ듳톧짺뗄샫횰ꆢ쳸닛쪹돉놾뗄뢶돶듯늻떽풤웚쫕틦ꎬ뛸쟒평폚웳튵뗄풱릤쫽솿복짙폖늻뗃늻헐울탂뗄풱릤ꎬ퓶볓뛮췢뗄럑폃ꆣ쯹틔ꎬ듳뛠웳튵늻풸헐울펦뷬듳톧뇏튵짺ꎬ뛸쫇쾣췻헐울폐릤ퟷ뺭퇩뗄ꆢ뺭맽엠통뗄듳톧짺ꎬ횱뷓뷸죫뗚뛾뷗뛎뗄뚥룚짺닺ꎬ틔뇣붵뗍죋솦풴돉놾ꎬ쳡룟짺닺뫍뺭펪킧싊ꎬ뻶쪤뺭볃쫐뎡ꆣ쇭튻랽쏦ꎬ듳톧뇏튵짺쿈뻍튵쟳짺듦뫍탄풳틢십폃탄늻뗄릤ퟷ탄첬ꎬ늻뷶믡펰쿬ퟔ짭솼뫃릤ퟷ쯘훊뗄퇸돉뫍횰튵짺퇄뗄맦뮮ꎬ룼믡믡펰쿬떽웤쯻풱릤뗄쟩탷뫍뺫짱ힴ첬ꎬ룼믡펰쿬웳튵짺닺퓋ퟷ킧싊ꆣ뛔ힷ쟳뺭볃킧틦ퟮ듳뮯뗄웳튵살쮵ꎬ뛔폚ퟷ캪샭탔뺭볃죋뗄웳튵살쮵ꎬ헐쫕헢퇹뗄풱릤쫇늻뫏샭뗄ꆣ뎤웚틔살ꎬ폃죋떥캻돶폚ퟔ컒놣뮤뗄뇘튪ꎬ믡닉좡쟳횰풼쫸ꎬ룸듳톧짺뻍튵퓶짨탭뛠뿁뿌쳵볾ꎬ짵훁뇤쿠뻜뻸울폃돵돶쎩슮뗄듳톧뇏튵짺ꎬ퓬돉듳톧뇏튵짺쿝죫룼볓쓑뻍튵뗄삧뺳ꆣ쯹틔쮵ꎬꆰ쿈뻍튵뫳퓱튵ꆱ뗄맛쓮쫇폐쪧욫웄뗄ꆣ 2.듓듳톧짺룶죋뷇뛈럖컶 돉놾J&쫕틦 I L2KDC L1E FO 쪱볤GH 춼4-1 듓듳톧짺뻍튵뗄뺭볃샻틦살쮵ꎬ듳톧짺릤ퟷ뮻탨튪뾼싇뮻돉놾폫쫕틦ꎬ죧짏춼ꎬL뫍L쫇늻춬쮮욽뗄샍뚯솦릩룸쟺쿟ꎬL뗄쫕틦룟폚LꎬL떽L뗄뮻돉놾평솽늿럖릹122112 1 쯎죽쿒ꎬ솺튻ꎬ싀쎯뒺ꎮ컒캪쪲쎴늻튪펦뷬뇏튵짺[M]ꎮ훘쟬돶냦짧ꎬ2005ꎺ5 27
믹폚릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뗄듳톧짺뻍튵컊쳢퇐뺿 돉ꎺ튻늿럖쫇듳톧짺캪뻟놸L쯹튪쟳뗄벼쓜뗈뛸횱뷓횧뢶뗄럑폃ꎬ벴EFHG쟸폲ꎻ쇭튻2늿럖쫇럅웺릤ퟷL뛸퓝쪱쪧좥놾펦믱뗃뗄쫕틦ꎬ벴CDFE쟸폲ꆣ뮻릤ퟷ뫳쓜릻믱뗃룟1폚풭살뗄릤ퟷ뗄쫕틦캪IJKD쟸폲ꆣ횻폐떱IJKD쟸폲듳폚CDHG쟸폲뗄쏦믽ꎬ뮻릤ퟷ뗄탐캪닅쫇샭탔뗄ꎬ헢뻍좡뻶폚뗚뛾럝릤ퟷ뗄쪱볤뫍솽훖릤ퟷ쮮욽쫕틦뗄닮틬ꆣ떱솽럝릤ퟷ뗄쫕틦쿠닮늻듳쪱ꎬ뻍탨튪듓쫂뗚뛾럝릤ퟷ뷏뎤쪱볤닅쓜쏖늹뷏룟뗄뮻돉놾ꎻ죧맻솽럝릤ퟷ닮틬듳ꎬ퓲톧쾰뗚뛾럝릤ퟷ벼쓜뗄쪱볤믡퇓뎤ꎬEF뇤뎤ꎬCDHG쟸폲뗄쏦믽뇤듳ꎬ뗚뛾럝릤ퟷ뗄쪱볤뮹쫇탨튪쿠펦퇓뎤ꆣ뛔폚헽퓚쏾쯷훐뗄듳톧짺살쮵ꎬ볈좻믡뮻뗚뛾럝릤ퟷ뻍뫜뿉쓜믡퓚쫊펦쏾쯷훐뮻웤쯻뗄릤ퟷꎬ뷏뎤쪱볤뗄듓쫂뗚뛾럝릤ퟷ쿔좻늻첫뿉탐ꆣ 듓듳톧짺룶죋랢햹살쮵ꎬ쫗쿈ꎬ뛠쫽뇏튵짺좱랦ퟔ컒죏횪ꎬ횰튵짺퇄쒿뇪쿠뛔쒣뫽ꎬ뗚튻럝릤ퟷ뿉쓜쫇붫살ퟔ짭횰튵짺퇄뗄떼쿲ꎬ늻펦룃쯦뇣캪횮ꆣ탭뛠퇐뺿뇭쏷뇏튵짺듓샫뾪톧킣떽뻍튵웚볤뒦폚탍웚ꎬ쯻쏇퓚톡퓱뗚튻럝릤ퟷ뫳뾪쪼탎돉ퟔ벺뗄횰튵짺퇄맛ꆣꆰ쿈뻍튵뫳퓱튵ꆱ뗄뻍튵맛쪹퓚듙쪹듳톧뇏튵짺쿈톡퓱헒떽릤ퟷ쟳짺듦ꎬ좴뫶쫓쇋룶죋랢햹컊쳢ꆣ웤듎ꎬꆰ웯슿헒십ꆱ뗄퓱튵맛쓮늻샻폚뺴튵뺫짱뗄퇸돉ꎬ돔ퟅ췫샯뾴ퟅ맸샯ꎬ뇟릤ퟷ뇟헒릤ퟷ뗄랽쪽믡럖즢릤ퟷ힢틢솦ꎬ컞램놣횤릤ퟷ킧싊ꎬ룶죋릤ퟷ쓜솦튲뫜쓑뗃떽쳡짽ꎬ뮹믡퓚헒ꆰ십ꆱ맽돌훐퓬돉탄샭톹솦ꎬ쿻쒥틢횾뫍룶죋잱쓜ꆣ퓙듎ꎬ헢훖맛쓮복죵듳톧짺뗄짧믡퓰죎룐뫍돏탅틢쪶ꎬ듳톧짺쏇웕뇩죏캪캥풼쫴폚헽뎣뗄쫐뎡탐캪ꎬ짵훁뮹폐죋죏캪ꎬ뻍튵횻쫇웳튵뫍톧짺쮫쿲톡퓱뗄뷡맻ꎬ톧짺캥풼뫳횻튪뷉쓉캥풼뷰ꎬ뻍쫇싄탐킭틩쇋ꎬ늢쎻폐냑헢훖탐캪뾴ퟷ쫇좱랦돏탅뗄뗀뗂욷탐컊쳢ꆣ 듓뻍튵벰쪱탔살쮵ꎬ죧맻뒦폚퓚횰ힴ첬뗄듳톧짺퓱튵ꎬ뛾듎뻍튵킧싊쫜떽펰쿬ꆣ틲캪폐킧뗄릤ퟷ쯑톰탨튪쯑톰ퟅ퓚뎡ꎬ죧펦울쏦쫔ꆢ쫔폃뗈ꎬ늢쟒폐뗄릤ퟷ탨튪톸쯙짏룚ꎬ뒦폚퓚횰ힴ첬뗄듳톧짺췹췹좱짙헢훖뇣샻ꎬ짵훁믡듭쪧믺믡ꆣ 3.듓룟킣뫍맺볒뷇뛈럖컶 뛔폚룟킣살쮵ꎬꆰ쿈뻍튵뫳퓱튵ꆱ뛌웚쓚뿉틔췆뚯톧짺뻍튵싊ꎬ놻쫓캪튻훖뷢뻶듳톧짺뻍튵쓑늻듭뗄랽쪽ꎬ떫쫇ꎬ헢훖뎤웚쿂살ꎬ믡평폚톧짺릤ퟷ죈쟩늻룟ꎬ웳튵샻틦쫜쯰ꎬ듓뛸톧짺훘탂쪧튵ꎬ웳튵늻탅죎룃킣뇏튵뗄듳톧짺ꎬ뷸뛸뷸죫뻍튵싊훰쓪쿂붵뗄뛱탔톭뮷ꆣ 뛔폚맺볒살쮵ꎬ뮹쎻폐헦헽뢻풣떽뮨럑듳솿죋솦ꆢ닆솦ꆢ컯솦ꎬ냑듳톧짺떱ퟷ웕춨샍뚯헟살엠퇸ꆣ평폚ꆰ웯슿헒십ꆱ뗄퓱튵샭쓮췹췹튪쟳듳톧짺럅쿂짭뛎ꎬퟶ튻킩늻탨튪28
듳톧짺릤ퟷ쯑톰랽쪽뗄룄뷸 톧샺뫍벼쫵뗄웕춨샍뚯헟릤ퟷꎬ짵훁튪쟳듳톧짺ꆰ쏱릤뮯뻍튵ꆱꎬ폫얩쏱릤춬릤ꆢ춬돪ꆢ춬돔힡ꆣ쟒뾴컒맺쓪쓪뷌폽뺭럑늻ퟣꎬ폖퓵쓜퓊탭헢퇹짝돞샋럑ꆢ늻볆뷏돉놾뗄엠퇸ꆰ웕춨샍뚯헟ꆱ뫍ꆰ얩쏱릤ꆱ쓘ꆣ헢퇹횻믡훺뎤짧믡훐ꆰ뛁쫩컞폃싛ꆱ쮼쿫뗄엲헍ꎬ쪹톧짺ꆢ볒춥놳뢺뺭볃톹솦뫍훜캧뗄폟싛톹솦ꆣ ꎨ죽ꎩꆰ쿈뻍튵뫳퓱튵ꆱ릤ퟷ쯑톰맽돌뗄룄뷸 떱잰ꆰ쿈뻍튵뫳퓱튵ꆱ뗄릤ퟷ쯑톰맽돌훷튪쫇믹폚릤ퟷ뗄췢늿쯑톰쒣쪽뷸탐뗄ꎬ퓚헢훖쒣쪽쿂뛔폃죋떥캻ꆢ듳톧짺ꆢ맺볒뚼퓬돉쇋튻뚨뗄짋몦ꎬ뇊헟죏캪ꎬ튪쪹ꆰ쿈뻍튵뫳퓱튵ꆱ쫕떽솼뫃뗄킧맻ꎬ펦떱룄뷸캪쓚늿쯑톰쒣쪽ꎬ벴퓚폃죋떥캻쓚늿샍뚯솦쫐뎡뷸탐뗄퓚횰릤ퟷ쯑톰ꆣ뛔폚맍훷살쮵ꎬ쓚늿쯑톰늻뷶복짙쇋웤탨튪쳡릩뗄엠통솿폫엠통돉놾ꎬ뛸쟒붵뗍쇋헐울뫍즸톡뗄럑폃ꎬ복짙쇋엠통맽돌뗄닮듭ꎻ뛔폚맍풱살쮵ꎬ쓚늿릤ퟷ쯑톰늻탨튪샫뾪웳튵ꎬ뇜쏢쇋닎폫췢늿샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄뺺헹ꎬ뮹뿉틔쿭쫜떽쓚늿릤ퟷ엠통폫뷺짽뗄믺믡ꆣ 톧짺맛쓮뫍탐캪랽쪽뗄퇸돉훷튪쫇퓚톧킣톧쾰웚볤ꎬ캪쇋쪹듳톧짺뇏튵뫳쓜릻룼뫃뗄뻍튵ꎬ룟킣펦떱싊쿈닉좡탐뚯ꎬ웳튵뫍듳톧짺놾짭믹폚쓜릻뗃떽룼뫃랢햹뗄뾼싇ꎬ튲펦떱믽벫엤뫏ꎬ믽벫닎폫ꆣ 1.룟킣뗄룄뷸듫쪩 톧짺맛쓮뫍탐캪랽쪽뗄퇸돉훷튪쫇퓚톧킣톧쾰웚볤ꎬ룷룟킣튲틲톧짺뗄ꆰ쿈뻍튵ꆱ쿭쫜떽쇋뇏튵짺뻍튵싊쳡룟뗄쪵믝ꎬ쓇쎴ꎬ캪쇋쪹듳톧짺룼뫃뗄뻍튵뫍랢햹ꎬ룟킣펦떱싊쿈닉좡탐뚯ꆣ 쫗쿈ꎬ듳톧웚볤톧킣펦떱뾪햹횰튵짺퇄횸떼ꎬ냯훺듳톧ퟔ짭뷸탐횰튵짺퇄맦뮮ꎬ붫ꆰ쿈뻍튵뫳퓱튵ꆱ뗄뻍튵샭뷢캪쒿뇪쏷좷뗄ꆰ뻍튵ꆱꆣ횰튵짺퇄맦뮮쫇퓚톧짺죫킣횮돵짨뚨ꎬ늢룹뻝웤룶죋쳘훊늻뛏뗷헻뗄ꎬ뚯첬뗄뫍뿉돖탸랢햹뗄룶죋맦뮮ꆣ헢룶맽돌탨튪듳톧짺믽벫닎폫ꎬ룹뻝짧믡횰튵탨쟳뫍뻍튵탎쫆ꎬ뷡뫏ퟔ벺뗄튵쳘뎤뫍탋좤낮뫃ꎬ냚헽ퟔ벺뗄탄샭웚췻ꎬ헽쫓ퟔ벺뗄랢햹랽쿲ꎬ뗷헻룶죋뗄맦뮮ꆣ춨맽횰튵짺퇄횸떼ꎬ죃톧짺퓚뇏튵횮잰뻍죏쟥뻍튵랽쿲ꎬ뾴쟥럻뫏룶죋쪵볊뗄횰튵랢햹잰뺰ꎬ복짙쇋뇏튵뫳뗄쎤쒿탔ꆣ 웤듎ꎬ듳톧펦떱뷸탐횰튵쯘퇸뷌폽ꎬ엠퇸톧짺솼뫃뗄횰튵뗀뗂뫍낮룚뺴튵뺫짱ꎬ붫ꆰ쿈뻍튵뫳퓱튵ꆱ샭뷢캪퓚쳘뚨웳튵쓚늿뗄쿈뻍튵뫳퓱튵ꎬ벴뇤췢늿릤ퟷ쯑톰캪쓚늿릤 29
믹폚릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뗄듳톧짺뻍튵컊쳢퇐뺿 ퟷ쯑톰ꆣ듳톧짺튻떩뷸죫튻볒웳튵ꎬ뻍튪놾ퟅ룉튻탐낮튻탐뗄쮼쿫ꎬ뺡ퟔ벺쯹쓜ퟶ뫃놾횰릤ퟷꎬ릲쒱웳튵랢햹ꆣ늢뿉틔퓚룃웳튵훐춨맽뮻룚ꆢ뷺짽뗈춾뺶헒떽룼쫊뫏ퟔ벺뗄룚캻ꆣ헢퇹쓜릻듳듳붵뗍웳튵쯹헐쫕듳톧짺풱릤뗄샫횰싊ꎬ틗놻맣듳웳튵샭뷢뫍뷓쓉ꆣ 퓙듎ꎬ듳톧웚볤ꎬ톧킣펦떱쟐쪵뗄낲업톧짺닎폫뷏뎤쪱볤뗄쪵쾰ꎬ붫ꆰ쿈뻍튵뫳퓱튵ꆱ룼헽캪ꆰ쿈쪵쾰뫳퓱튵ꆱꆣ쪵쾰펦떱평톧킣춳튻ퟩ횯ꎬ웳튵쳡릩엠통믹뗘ꎬ맺볒ꆢ웳튵ꆢ톧킣릲춬돐떣엠통웚럑폃ꆣ룹뻝톧짺룶죋짪쟫ꎬ폐헫뛔탔뗄낲업톧짺쪵쾰ꎬ믲죃톧짺닎폫싖룚쪽쪵쾰ꎬ톡퓱뫏쫊ퟔ벺뗄릤ퟷ룚캻ꎬ믽샛뻍튵릤ퟷ뺭퇩ꆣ헢퇹튻랽쏦쓜릻쳡짽듳톧짺뗄쪵볊릤ퟷ쓜솦뫍튵벼쓜ꎬ늢쪹웤헽쫓ퟔ벺뗄횰튵쫊뫏뛈ꎬ쇭튻랽쏦냑릤ퟷ잰엠통맽돌쳡잰쟒럑폃죽랽릲떣ꎬ쿠떱폚붵뗍쇋웳튵뷱뫳뗄엠통돉놾ꎬ복짙쇋듳톧뇏튵짺틲늻쓜쫊펦릤ퟷ닺짺뗄쳸닛ꎬ복쟡쇋웳튵돉놾쫕믘폫럱뗄떣폇ꆣ 2.웳튵뗄쇴죋듫쪩 ꆰ쿈뻍튵뫳퓱튵ꆱ뗄뻍튵랽쪽떼훂웳튵폫톧짺뗄ꆰ쮫쫤ꆱ뻖쏦ꎬ웳튵펦떱닉좡믽벫듫쪩ꎬ듓ퟔ짭랢햹뾼싇ꎬ쫂튵쇴죋ꎬ듽폶쇴죋ꎬ룐쟩쇴죋ꎬ룄짆ꆰ쿈뻍튵뫳퓱튵ꆱ닺짺뗄뢺쏦킧펦ꆣ쪹듳톧짺뗄뫳퓱튵맽돌퓚웳튵쓚늿뷸탐ꆣ 쫗쿈ꎬ펦떱뛔탂죫횰듳톧짺뷸탐룚잰엠통ꎬ죃듳톧짺쇋뷢웳튵뗄헻쳥쟩뿶ꎬ퓚짺믮ꆢ릤ퟷ뗈랽쏦맘탄탂뷸횰뎡뗄듳톧뇏튵짺ꎬ엠퇸쯻쏇뛔웳튵뗄죏춬룐뫍맩쫴룐ꆣ뻝폐맘뗷닩쿔쪾ꎬ풱릤뛔웳튵뗄뗚튻펡쿳췹췹닺짺퓚릤ퟷퟮ돵뗄솽죽룶퓂쓚ꎬ늢횱뷓펰쿬룃풱릤퓚캴살튻쓪쓚쫇럱샫횰ꆣ쇭췢뮹펦뚨웚뛔풱릤뷸탐삩돤횪쪶쏦뫍쳡룟튵컱벼쓜뗄엠통ꎬ냯훺쯻쏇퓚릤ퟷ룚캻짏쪵쿖ퟔ짭볛횵뗄쳡짽ꆣ 웤듎ꎬ뫏샭뗄킽돪쳥쾵ꆣ룹뻝퇇떱쮹뗄ꆰ릫욽샭싛ꆱꎬ릫욽룐횱뷓펰쿬횰릤뗄릤ퟷ뚯믺뫍탐캪ꆣ떱풱릤뺭맽짧믡뇈뷏ꎬ죏캪웤믘놨뗍폚뇰죋믲헟폫뢶돶늻죧뇰죋ꎬ뻍믡닺짺늻싺ꆣ틲듋뫏샭뗄킽돪쳥쾵펦떱폫횰캻쿠욥엤ꎬ폫탐튵욽뻹쮮욽튻훂ꎬ늻뷶쓜릻쳥쿖돶릫욽뫍룚캻볛횵ꎬ뛸쟒쓜릻쳥쿖룶죋볛횵뫍뺺헹솦ꆣ 퓙듎ꎬ웳튵튪캪듳톧짺쳡릩쪵쿖ퟔ컒볛횵뗄믺믡ꆣ십쮹싥탨쟳닣듎싛냑죋뗄탨쟳짺샭탨쟳ꆢ낲좫탨쟳ꆢ짧믡탨쟳ꆢퟰ훘탨쟳틔벰ퟔ컒쪵쿖탨쟳컥룶닣듎ꆣ떱죋뗄쒳튻벶뗄탨쟳뗃떽싺ퟣ뫳ꎬ뻍믡ힷ쟳룟튻벶뗄탨쟳ꎬ훰벶짏짽ꆣ뛔폚튻룶쫜맽룟뗈뷌폽뗄듳톧짺살붲ꎬ쯻뗄탨튪늢늻뷶뷶춣쇴퓚뷏뗍닣듎뗄탨쟳ꎬ뛸쫇룼뾴훘ퟔ컒쪵쿖뗄뺫짱탨쟳뗄싺ퟣꎬퟔ컒볛횵쪵쿖뗄돉뻍룐ꆣ쯹틔릤ퟷ짨볆늻뷶펦떱뻟폐쳴햽탔ꎬ뮹펦떱닉폃쓚늿룚캻싖뮻뫍뷺짽믺훆ꎬ퓚횰통솷엠통뗈랽쪽ꎬ죃듳톧짺퓚욽뗈뗄뺺헹믺훆훐늻뛏뷸좡ꆢ돤뗧ꎬ30
듳톧짺릤ퟷ쯑톰랽쪽뗄룄뷸 쪵쿖ퟔ컒ꆣ쓚늿룚캻싖뮻복짙쇋죋풱뗄췢쇷ꎬ뮹쓜죋뺡웤폃ꆣ낲싗ꎨEnronꎩ쓜풴릫쮾뛔탂죋ꎬ폈웤쫇듳톧뇏튵짺ꎬ뷸탐뚨웚뗄쓚늿싖뗷ꎬ룃릫쮾85%뗄뫋탄풱릤훁짙퓚늻춬1뗄솽룶늿쏅릤ퟷ맽ꎬ쪹웤퓚듯떽5000죋뗄맍펶솿쪱ꎬ샫횰싊좴횻폐3%ꆣ퓚횰엠통쓜릻냯훺풱릤쳡룟횪쪶벼쓜쮮욽ꎬ쪹풱릤ꎬ폈웤쫇듳톧짺풱릤믱뗃쓜솦쳡룟뗄싺ퟣ룐ꎬ듓뛸룼쫊뫏떱잰릤ퟷ탨튪ꆣ춨폃릫쮾늻뷶퓚릫쮾쓚늿짨훃쇋춨폃듳톧ꎬ죃풱릤믱좡탂횪ꎬ뛸쟒뮹잿뗷뷓냠통솷ꎬ쎿벾뚼뻙냬퇝붲뇈주ꎬ퇝붲쳢쒿쫇헫뛔릫쮾뗄쓑쳢삧뺳ꎬ쳡돶뷢뻶횮뗀ꎬ릫쮾룟벶훷맜뢺퓰움짳ꆣ튻랽쏦벤샸쇋릫쮾죋닅릱쿗뒴탂쳡낸ꎬ캪릫쮾쿗볆쿗닟ꎬ캪릫쮾쳴톡쇋뷓냠죋닅ꎻ쇭튻랽쏦캪릫쮾죋닅쳡릩쇋쪵쿖볛횵뗄믺믡ꎬ쇴힡쇋죋닅ꆣ 뛾ꆢ믹닣뻍튵ꎺ룄뇤뻍튵욫쿲탔벰뻍튵뷡릹 믹닣뻍튵뻍쫇떽돇쿧믹닣릤ퟷꆣ튻냣살붲ꎬꆰ믹닣ꆱ볈냼삨맣듳얩듥ꎬ튲냼삨돇쫐뷖뗀짧쟸ꎻ볈몭룇쿘벶틔쿂떳헾믺맘ꆢ웳쫂튵떥캻ꎬ튲냼삨짧믡췅쳥ꆢ럇릫폐훆ퟩ횯뫍훐킡웳튵ꎻ볈냼몬ퟔ훷뒴튵ꆢퟔ쒱횰튵ꎬ튲냼삨볨뿠탐튵뫍볨뿠룚캻ꆣ믹닣쫇컼쓉듳톧뇏튵짺뻍튵뗄ퟮ듳뿕볤ꎬ튻랽쏦웤죋닅탨쟳뿕볤뷏캪듳ꎬ쇭튻랽쏦웤캪뇏튵짺쳡릩쇋뛍솶ꆢ쳡짽폫쪩햹닅뮪뗄뿕볤ꆣ 쯦ퟅ컒맺룟킣뇏튵짺폫죕뻣퓶ꎬ듳톧짺뻍튵뗄릩탨뇈샽뫍뷡릹탔쎬뛜럇뎣춻돶ꎬ뷸죫뫳뷰죚캣믺쪱듺ꎬ평폚캣믺쪱웚믽샛쇋듳솿캴뻍튵죋풱ꎬ듳톧뇏튵짺뻍튵톹솦룼쫇폐퓶컞복ꎬ퓚헢훖탎쫆쿂ꎬ듳톧짺펦떱죏쟥쿖쪵ꎬ냚헽탄첬ꎬ룼탂ퟔ벺뗄뻍튵맛쓮ꎬ뾴떽믹닣뗄뻍튵뿕볤뫍랢햹믺폶ꎬ냑쒿맢평쓇킩뺭볃랢듯뗘쟸쿲컷늿뗘쟸뫍뺭볃잷랢듯뗘쟸ꎬ평맺볒믺맘ꆢ듳탍웳튵뫍췢웳쿲쓇킩훐킡탍뗄쏱펪웳튵뫍쿧헲웳튵뗈ꎬ쮳샻쪵쿖뻍튵ꆣ ꎨ튻ꎩ믹닣뻍튵뗄틢틥 1.욽뫢샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄릩탨ힴ뿶ꎬ뷢뻶쪧튵폫룚캻뿕좱늢듦쿖쿳 떱잰ꎬ튻랽쏦샍뚯솦쫐뎡짏듦퓚듳솿듳톧뇏튵짺쏦쇙ퟅ뻍튵삧쓑ꎬ쳘뇰쫇듳돇쫐뻍튵ꆢ룟뛋뻍튵삧쓑ꎬ쇭튻랽쏦듦퓚듳솿룚캻ꎬ훷튪쫇퓚컷늿뗘쟸ꆢ볨뿠탐튵벰튻킩훐킡웳튵훐ꎬ뮹듦퓚룟쯘훊죋닅?랦뗄ힴ뿶ꆣ듳톧짺믹닣뻍튵늻뷶폐샻폚췘뿭뻍튵쟾뗀ꎬ뮺뷢돇쫐뻍튵톹솦ꎬ뷢뻶듳엺듳톧짺뻍튵컊쳢ꎬ뮹쓜릻싺ퟣ믹닣룚캻탨튪ꎬ늢듸좥쿖듺뮯ꆢ 1 쇏살풴ꎺ샮쿲잰ꎬ쿲뫩ꎬ뫘좻ꎮ훐맺죋닅엺에[M]ꎮ훐맺쪱듺뺭볃돶냦짧ꎬ2005(1)ꎺ172 31
믹폚릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뗄듳톧짺뻍튵컊쳢퇐뺿 뿆톧뮯뗄탂쮼쿫ꆢ탂맛쓮ꎬ뻹뫢헻쳥샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄죋솦풴ힴ뿶ꆣ 2.쪵쿖죋닅뗄뫏샭샻폃ꎬ췆뚯짧믡뻹뫢랢햹 퓚쫐뎡뺭볃쪱듺ꎬ짧믡랢햹뺭볃뺺헹뚼탨튪잿폐솦뗄죋닅풴ꆣ듳톧짺췹췹샭싛횪쪶럡뢻ꆢ쮼쿫맛쓮쿈뷸ꆢ뷓쫜쓜솦잿ꎬ헆컕쇋뫜뛠탂횪쪶ꆢ탂벼쫵ꆢ탂탅쾢뛠ꎬ쫇맺볒놦맳뗄죋닅풴ꎬ웤뻍튵늻뷶맘쾵떽맣듳죋쏱좺훚뗄쟐짭샻틦ꎬ뛸쟒횱뷓펰쿬떽뺭볃랢햹뫍짧믡컈뚨ꆣ죋닅풴퓚훐탄돇쫐뫍짏닣믺릹뗄벯훐ꎬ쪹뻍튵톹솦볓듳ꎬ뺭볃랢햹늻욽뫢ꆣ듳톧짺떽믹닣뻍튵쓜릻룸믹닣쫤죫쿖듺뮯뗄쮼쿫뫍뿆톧뮯뗄맛쓮ꎬ쓜릻캪믹닣릤ퟷ힢죫믮솦ꎬ쳡룟믹닣헻쳥쯘훊뫍릤ퟷ킧싊ꎬ췆뚯짧믡뻹뫢랢햹ꆣ 3.랢믓ퟔ짭쓜솦ꎬ쪵쿖룶죋볛횵 믹닣뻍튵뿉쓜쳵볾쿠뛔볨뿠튻킩ꎬ떫쫇ꎬ헽틲캪볨뿠ꎬ닅룼쓜릻뛍솶뫍쒥죋닅ꆣ믹닣죋닅쿠뛔?랦ꎬퟷ캪횪쪶죋닅뗄듳톧짺죝틗췑펱뛸돶ꎬ헒떽쪩햹닅뮪쪵쿖ퟔ컒뗄맣삫뿕볤ꆣ맺볊뷰죚캣믺쪹컒맺뺭볃ꆢ뻍튵듸살튻뚨뗄삧쓑ꎬ듳톧짺튲펦떱뗷헻풤웚ꎬ맋좫듳뻖ꎬ냑ퟔ짭횪쪶폫짧믡쿖쪵쿠솪쾵ꎬ럾컱믹닣ꎬ쳥달쏱짺ꎬ쪵쿖룶죋볛횵뗄ퟮ듳뮯쳥쿖ꆣ ꎨ뛾ꎩ믹닣뻍튵뗄폅쫆 1.컷늿뫍훐킡돇헲뻍튵폅쫆 쫗쿈ꎬ듳톧뇏튵짺펦떱틢쪶떽쯦ퟅ뻍튵탎쫆뗄뇤뮯ꎬ듳돇쫐틑죋싺캪뮼ꎬ훐킡돇헲짐쟳쿍죴뿊ꎬ퇘몣돇쫐틑죋닅볃볃ꎬ훐컷늿뗘쟸뫍훐킡돇쫐뮹폐랢햹뿕볤ꎬ펦떱냑룶죋볛횵뫍짧믡볛횵ꎬ룶죋샻틦폫짧믡샻틦뷡뫏웰살ꎬ죏쪶떽쓇킩뗘랽춬퇹쓜햹쪾ퟔ벺뗄닅쓜ꎬ랢믓ퟔ벺뗄맢뫍죈ꆣ 웤듎ꎬ펦떱뾴떽맺볒뛔컷늿뻍튵뗄맄샸듫쪩ꎺ컒맺퓚헾닟짏헽듳솦뾪랢쫊뫏듳톧뇏튵짺뻍튵뗄믹닣짧믡맜샭뫍릫릲럾컱룚캻ꎬ쪵쪩뫍췪짆쏦쿲믹닣뻍튵뗄쏅쿮쒿ꎬ늢늻뛏삩듳쿮쒿랶캧ꎬ뾪햹뗘랽쿮쒿ꎬ맄샸뫍틽떼룼뛠뗄듳톧뇏튵짺닎폫ꆣ뛔듳톧짺떽얩듥믹닣뫍돇쫐짧쟸릤ퟷ뗄ꎬ룸폨킽돪믲짺믮늹쳹ꎬ늢내맦뚨닎볓짧믡놣쿕ꎻ뛔듳톧짺떽훐컷늿뫍볨뿠뇟풶뗘쟸믹닣뻍튵ꎬ늢싄탐튻뚨럾컱웚쿞ꎨ3쓪ꎩ뗄뇏튵짺ꎬ쪵쪩쿠펦톧럑뫍훺톧듻뿮듺뎥ꆣ 퓙듎ꎬ펦떱뾴떽훐킡돇쫐폐훐킡돇쫐뗄폅풽횮뒦ꎺ뗘폲뷏킡ꎬ돶탐슷돌뷏뛌ꎬ뷚쪡32
듳톧짺릤ퟷ쯑톰랽쪽뗄룄뷸 쇋붻춨쪱볤ꎻ컯볛쿠뛔뷏뗍ꎬ짺믮톹솦뷏킡ꎻ쇷뚯죋뿚뷏짙ꎬ짺믮쿠뛔낲뚨ꆣ 2.훐킡웳튵뻍튵폅쫆 뗚튻ꎬ훐킡웳튵폐뻞듳뗄뻍튵뿕볤ꆣ맺볒좷뚨ꆰ듳럅킡ꆱ뗄랽헫틔살ꎬ훐킡웳튵틑햼떽좫늿웳튵쫽뗄99%ꎬ캪돇헲쳡릩쇋75%뗄뻍튵믺믡ꆣ퓚룷듳헐울믡짏ꎬ늻쓑랢쿖ꎬ90%뗄헐울룚캻살ퟔ훐킡웳튵ꎬ놸쫜맘힢횪쏻듳웳튵쳡릩뗄룚캻쫽솿췹췹쪮럖폐쿞ꎻ퓚헐울췸햾뗄룚캻탨쟳ퟜ솿틀뻉쫇훐킡웳튵햼뻝듳춷ꎻ춨맽웤쯻헐울욽첨ꎬ틀뻉쫇훐킡웳튵탅쾢뻓뛠ꆣ쮵쏷훐킡웳튵룚캻탨쟳뿕좱뫜듳ꆣ뛸쟒폐뗷닩쿔쪾ꎬ춬퇹뗄놾솿ꎬ훐킡웳튵컼쓉뗄뻍튵솿풶듳폚듳웳튵ꆣ 뗚뛾ꎬ훐킡웳튵쓜톸쯙쳡룟듳톧짺뗄룶죋쓜솦ꆣ튻킩맦쒣뷏듳뗄웳튵ꎬ캪쇋랽뇣맜샭ꎬ짨훃쇋뷏뛠쳵쳵뿲뿲ꎬ잿뗷헕헂ퟶ쫂ꎬ릤ퟷ뷏캪믺킵뮯ꆣ뛸훐킡웳튵췹췹쎻폐쓇쎴퇏룱뗄맦훆ꎬ죋쫽늻뛠ꎬ췹췹튪쟳뷸살뗄듳톧짺튪떱뛠쏦쫖ꎬ벼쫵ꆢ맜샭ꆢ펪쿺뚼튪짦ퟣꎬ헢폐샻폚듳톧짺쇋뷢ꆢ쫬쾤늻춬뗄릤ퟷꎬ쪹웤뗃떽릤ퟷ쓜솦뫍ퟛ뫏쯘훊뗄쳡짽ꆣ 뗚죽ꎬ훐킡웳튵랢햹믺믡뛠ꆣ훐킡웳튵췹췹폐뷏뛠뗄릤ퟷ탨튪죋닅좥뾪췘ꎬ듳톧짺뿉틔믱뗃룼뛠뗄뛀떱튻쏦뗄뛍솶톧쾰믺믡ꎬ퓚뺭맽튻뛎쪱웚쫊펦뫳ꎬ뫜죝틗놻쫚폨쒳쿮튵컱뗄훷냬믲훷맜룱ꆣ뛸쟒훐킡웳튵맦쒣늻듳ꎬ맜샭볜릹볲떥ꎬ짏쿂벶릵춨랽뇣ꎬ폐룼뛠뗄믺믡캪뻶닟헟쯹죏쪶ꆢ쇋뷢ꎬ튲폐룼뛠믺믡뷸죫뻶닟닣ꎬ쿠뇈뷏닣벶뇈뷏퇏룱뗄듳웳튵ꎬ듳톧짺뷺짽뗄믺믡믡뇈뷏뛠ꆣ 뗚쯄ꎬ훐킡웳튵킽돪늻뗍ꆣ킽돪뗄룟뗍훷튪좡뻶폚웳튵벰웤쯹뒦탐튵랢햹쟩뿶ꆢ쯹뒦뗘폲뗄뺭볃쟩뿶뗈틲쯘ꎬ뛸럇웳튵맦쒣ꆣ짵훁평폚훐킡웳튵뗄킽붱샸틲캪룼뻟쇩믮탔ꎬ룹뻝룶죋릤ퟷ돉맻폫벨킧뛸닺짺룼듳뗄쳡짽뿕볤ꆣ 뗚컥ꎬ짧믡놣헏쎻컊쳢ꆣ횻튪듳톧짺떽쫘램뗄훐킡웳튵뻍튵ꎬ웳튵뻍폐퓰죎틀램캪쯻쏇닎볓짧믡놣쿕ꆣ헾뢮헾닟튪쟳쟥샭펰쿬룟킣뇏튵짺뻍튵뗄훆뛈탔헏낭뫍쿞훆ꎬ캪뇏튵짺쳡릩떵낸맜샭ꆢ죋쫂듺샭ꆢ짧믡놣쿕냬샭뫍뷓탸ꆢ횰돆움뚨틔벰좨틦놣헏뗈랽쏦뗄럾컱ꎬ늢냑웳튵컼쓉룟킣뇏튵짺뻍튵ퟷ캪헾뢮뛔웳튵럶돖뫍웳튵움폅뾼뫋뗄믹놾쳵볾ꎬ탎돉폐샻폚룟킣뇏튵짺떽웳튵뻍튵뗄짧믡뮷뺳ꆣ 33
믹폚릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뗄듳톧짺뻍튵컊쳢퇐뺿 ꎨ죽ꎩ믹닣뻍튵듦퓚뗄컊쳢 1.믹닣뿍맛쳵볾늻ퟣ ힷ쟳쫕죫룟ꆢ쳵볾뫃ꆢ폐샻랢햹뗄릤ퟷ랽쿲쫇죋닅쇷뚯뗄뿍맛맦싉ꆣ컷늿듳뛠뗘쟸뫍훐킡돇헲뺭볃짧믡랢햹쿠뛔실뫳ꎬ튻킩떥캻짺믮ꆢ릤ퟷ쳵볾쿠뛔볲슪ꎬ쫕죫쮮욽폫훐탄돇쫐뫍랢듯뗘쟸쿠뇈ꎬ닮뇰뷏듳ꎬ쟒폃죋뮷뺳잷병ꎬ뎣뎣돶쿖ꆰ싛업놲ꆱꆢꆰ믒즫죋쫂ꆱ쿖쿳ꆣ헢킩쟩뿶뚼돉캪ퟨ낭듳톧짺쇷뚯뗄뿍맛틲쯘ꆣ 뛔폚튻킩럇릫폐웳튵ꆢ훐킡웳튵ꎬ평폚폃릤훆뛈늻췪짆ꆢ늻맦랶ꎬ릤ퟷ쪱볤ꆢ샍뚯놨돪뫍짧믡놣헏뗈듽폶쓑틔놣헏ꎬ죝틗쯰몦듳톧짺뗄뫏램좨틦ꎬ쿷죵쇋뇏튵짺떽헢킩떥캻뻍튵뗄믽벫탔ꆣ 2.헾뢮뫪맛뗷뿘솦뛈늻릻 뎤웚틔살ꎬ맺볒뛔뚫늿퇘몣뾪럅뗘쟸뗄춶죫솦뛈듳듳뎬맽컷늿뗘쟸틔벰얩듥쿧헲뗘쟸ꎬ뺡맜훐퇫뫍뗘랽헾뢮뷼쓪살닉좡쇋탭뛠듫쪩ꎬ죧퓚룟킣뇏튵짺훐톡뗷폅탣톧짺떽믹닣릤ퟷꆢ컷늿횧풮헟볆뮮ꆢꆰ쳘룚볆뮮ꆱ뗈ꎬ떫ퟜ쳥뾴살ꎬ헢킩쿮쒿맦쒣뷏킡ꆢ뷰춶죫뷏짙ꆢ뻍튵룚캻폐쿞ꆢ헾닟욫틆솦뛈늻ퟣꎬ늻쓜돤럖뗷뚯듳톧짺떽믹닣뻍튵뗄죈쟩ꆣ맺볒뫍헾뢮튲퓚늻뛏뗷헻뫍쪵쪩튻킩믹닣뻍튵뗄폅믝헾닟ꎬ죧ꆰ맺볒훺톧듻뿮놾쾢평맺볒듺캪뎥뮹ꆱꆢꆰ붨솢룟킣뇏튵짺볻쾰훆뛈ꆱꆢꆰ쏦쿲믹닣뻍튵뚨쿲헐짺ꆱ뗈ꎬ떫쫇쿠맘헾닟퓚믹닣실쪵늻릻ꎬ튻킩헾닟좱짙뿉닙ퟷ탔ꎬ뷶뷶춣쇴퓚헾닟닣쏦ꎬ쪹뗃듳톧뇏튵짺떽믹닣뻍튵뗄죋쫽죔좻욫짙ꆣ 3.훐뷩럾컱폐쿞 듳톧짺뻍튵컊쳢늻떥떥쫇튻룶뷌폽컊쳢ꎬ룼쫇튻룶짧믡컊쳢ꆣ룷훖횰튵훐뷩믺릹쫇샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄훐탄ꎬ쫇톧킣ꆢ뇏튵짺뫍폃죋떥캻횮볤뗄쟅솺얦듸ꆣ떱잰컒맺뗄뻍튵훐뷩럾컱믺릹ꎨ뇭쿖캪죋닅쫐뎡ꎩ뫜늻췪짆ꎬ듳뛠쫽폐뎡컞쫐ꎬ훷튪쳥쿖퓚횻쳡릩쇋뎡쯹ꎬ뛸탅쾢붻쇷쫖뛎실뫳ꎬ탅쾢춨톶쾵춳늻췪짆ꎬ쪹샍뚯솦쫐뎡탅쾢늻뛔돆ꆢ컞킧싊ꆣ듳톧짺퓚샍뚯솦쫐뎡짏쯑톰맽돌믡쿠펦퇓뎤ꎬ짵훁퓚늻춬샍뚯솦쫐뎡횮볤ꎬ뷸죫믺믡ꆢ룱ꆢ벼쓜뫍탄샭톹솦뗈뛠훖틲쯘훆풼뗄뷏뎤웚뗄쪧튵ꆣ평폚컒맺듳뛠쫽죋닅쫐뎡뢽쫴뗘랽헾뢮뗄샍뚯죋쫂늿쏅ꎬ폚쫇웤훐폐튻킩뇰샻폃웤쫐뎡훐뷩믺릹뫍헾뢮훷맜늿쏅뗄쮫훘짭럝ꎬ횻맜쫕좡떵낸놣맜뗈럑폃ꎬ좴늻맜뷩짜릤ퟷꎬ늻쓜쟐쪵웰떽훐뷩뫍럾컱ퟷ폃ꆣ 34
듳톧짺릤ퟷ쯑톰랽쪽뗄룄뷸 4.뒫춳맛쓮훆풼 뒫춳맛쓮죏캪ꎬꆰ룟맙뫱슻ꆱ닅쫇돉릦ꎬ닅쳥쏦ꎬ닅쓜룄뇤쿖폐뗄짺듦뗄쳵볾ꎬ떽뇟풶뗘쟸뫍믹닣릤ퟷ뗄듽폶벰엤쳗짨쪩뚼쿠뛔뷏뗍ꎬ뮹뿉쓜톧럇쯹폃ꆢ폃럇쯹톧ꆣ듳톧짺힢훘ퟔ짭쓜솦뗄랢믓뫍캴살뗄랢햹ꎬ뒫춳맛쓮죏캪훐킡웳튵맦쒣킡ꎬ랢햹믺믡짙ꎬ떽헢샯뻍튵쓑틔쪵쿖죋짺볛횵ꆣ뛸쟒ꎬ듳훚쎽쳥뗄탻뒫뛠닠훘폚듳돇쫐듳웳튵뗄돉릦죋쪿ꎬ퓬돉퓚헢샯닅폐돉릦뗄믺믡뗄듭뻵ꎬ쪹뫜뛠뗄뇏튵짺퓚룚캻뗄톡퓱짏쫓튰쿁햭ꆣ 5.볛횵맛듭캻 떱잰듳뛠듳톧짺횻쫇냑믹닣뻍튵떱ퟷ좨틋횮볆ꎬ쫇췋뛸쟳웤듎뗄컞쓎톡퓱ꎬ쫇쫜떽믹닣럾컱릤ퟷ웚볤벰럾컱릤ퟷ웚싺뫳쓜릻쿭쫜떽맺볒튻쾵쇐폅믝헾닟뗄컼틽뫍폕믳ꎬ늢럇돶폚떽믹닣붨릦솢튵ꆢ쪵쿖룶죋볛횵뗄풶듳샭쿫뫍캬뮤짧믡헻쳥샻틦뗄볛횵맛ꎬ늻쫇샭탔뗄톡퓱ꆣ틲듋ꎬ헦헽짭뒦믹닣뫳ꎬ탭뛠듳톧짺룐뻵릤ퟷ뾪햹삧쓑ꎬ짺믮뫍뺫짱짏룐뻵맂뛀ꎬ짵훁쿫췋쯵ꎬ떼훂믹닣듳톧짺쇷쪧싊뫜룟ꎬ쪹믹닣릤ퟷ퓢쫜쯰쪧ꆣ ꎨ쯄ꎩ룄뷸듫쪩 1.헾뢮닣쏦 헾뢮쫇듳톧짺뻍튵쫐뎡퓋탐뗄럾컱헟ꆢ킭뗷헟뫍볠맜헟ꎬ쳡룟죋닅풴엤훃뗄킧싊ꎬ복짙죋닅풴뗄쎤쒿쇷뚯ꎬ캬뮤릫욽뺺헹뗄뻍튵뮷뺳ꎬ쫇헾뢮훎샭뗄쒿뇪ꆣ쏦뛔듳톧짺떱잰평폚릤ퟷ쯑톰웚췻쒿뇪틽웰뗄욫쿲탔쇷뚯뫍쪧튵ꎬ헾뢮펦떱룸폨헾닟틽떼ꆣ뫓쓏듳톧떳캯쫩볇맘낮뫍ꎨ2010ꎩ쮵ꆰ컼틽듳톧짺떽믹닣뻍튵늻쓜횻뾿벤랢톧짺뗄튻잻죈쟩ꎬ뮹튪믹닣룸쯻쏇쳡릩랢햹욽첨뫍뛍솶쳡짽뗄믺믡ꆣꆱ 컷늿뗄뺭볃랢햹쳵볾뇈늻짏뚫늿ꎬ뻍펦떱퓚헾닟짏룸폨튻뚨뗄횧돖뫍쟣킱ꎬ엠퇸놾뗘죋닅ꎬ컼틽췢뗘죋닅ꎬ죧돐떣삧쓑톧짺뗄튻늿럖엠퇸짮퓬럑폃ꎬ뛔룟벶죋닅쏢헷룶죋쯹뗃쮰뗈ꎬ틔뇣컼틽룼뛠뗄죋닅ꆣ쏀맺솪냮헾뢮캪쇋맄샸듳톧뇏튵짺떽쳘뚨뗄뗘쟸좥믲듓쫂쳘뚨뗄횰튵ꎬ닉좡쇋탭뛠벤샸듫1쪩ꎬퟮ캪뎣볻뗄ퟶ램뻍쫇쏢돽믲늿럖쏢돽톧짺짏톧웚볤뗄뻍톧듻뿮ꆣ컒맺퓚헢랽쏦뗄폅믝헾닟틑뺭돶첨ꎬ횻쫇헾닟폅믝솦뛈펦떱퓶볓ꎬ헾닟실쪵볠뚽펦떱퓶잿ꆣ 힢틢떽샍뚯솦쫐뎡듦퓚뗄쫐뎡럖룮쿖쪵훆풼쇋샍뚯솦뗄엤훃킧싊뫍듳톧짺뗄뻍튵릫욽ꆣ헾뢮늿쏅튪춨맽뗷헻닆헾횧돶뷡릹뗈듫쪩ꎬ췆탐릫릲럾컱뗄뻹뗈뮯ꎬ살뮺뷢풴 1 쇏살풴ꎺ솺뚬쎷ꎮ맺췢헾뢮듙뷸듳톧짺뻍튵뗄훷튪뺭퇩벰뛔컒맺헾뢮횰퓰뚨캻뗄웴쪾[J]ꎮ뎤뒺릤돌톧풺톧놨ꎬ2010(1) 35
믹폚릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뗄듳톧짺뻍튵컊쳢퇐뺿 럖엤뗄뷡릹탔쎬뛜ꎻ췪짆웳튵폃릤놣헏훆뛈ꎬ쾸뮯룷룶웳튵뗄폃릤맦랶ꎬ뮯뷢평폚뗘랽ꆢ늿쏅닮틬떼훂뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡듽폶뻞듳닮틬ꎻ뷸튻늽췪짆컷늿뗘쟸죋닅톡냎ꎬ엠퇸ꆢ쪹폃뫍뺺헹벤샸믺훆ꎬ룄짆컷늿뗘쟸튵벼쫵죋풱뗄릤ퟷ짺믮쳵볾ꎬ쳡룟볨뿠뇟풶뗘쟸믺맘쫂튵떥캻죋풱뗄릤쮮욽ꎬ훰늽듯떽믲룟폚좫맺욽뻹쮮욽ꎻ볓뿬돇쿧샍뚯솦쫐뎡튻쳥뮯붨짨ꎬ듓룹놾짏뷢뻶뗘쟸볤ꆢ돇쿧볤쫕죫닮뻠뫍릫릲풴뗄럖엤닮틬ꎬ듙뷸샍뚯솦풴뫏샭엤훃ꆣ뺭볃톧볒ퟞ뚫쳎죏캪ꎬ퓚컷늿랢햹뗄듳쟸폲쓚ꎬ펦떱죃죋닅벯훐뗄쇁뗣돇쫐ꎬ죧컷낲ꆢ돉뚼ꆢ훘쟬뗈랢믓폅쫆ꎬ듸뚯헻쳥쟸폲랢햹ꆣ틽떼뚫늿뗘쟸뿆벼죋닅틔뛠훖탎쪽ꆢ뛠훖쟾뗀닎폫컷늿붨짨ꎬꆰ뮧뿚늻잨ꆢ짭럝놣쇴ꆢ살좥ퟔ평ꆱꆣ 릤튵뮯맺볒뗄뺭퇩뇭쏷ꎬ짧믡놣헏폫뻍튵쫇쿠뮥듙뷸뗄ꎬ짧믡놣헏쳥쾵뗄췪짆쓜릻듙뷸뻍튵쫐뎡뗄컈뚨ꎬ뻍튵뗄삩듳폖폐샻폚짧믡놣헏쳥쾵뗄붡뾵랢햹ꆣ퓚컒쏇뗄짧믡훷틥맺볒ꎬ뺭볃퓶뎤뗄뫃뒦펦룃믝벰좫쳥짧믡돉풱ꎬ캪쇋캬뮤짧믡릫욽ꆢ헽틥ꆢ컈뚨ꎬ늹뎥쪧튵헟퓚뺭볃랢햹훐뗄샻틦쯰쪧ꎬ헾뢮펦떱훆뚨잿폐솦뗄짧믡놣헏훆뛈ꆣ뛔폚쪧튵듳톧짺뗍놣뗄뇪ힼ폫랶캧뗄뮮뚨펦떱쫊훐ꎬ맽뗍웰늻떽펦폐뗄놣헏ퟷ폃ꎬ맽룟ퟨ낭듳톧짺헒톰릤ퟷ뗄뷸좡탔ꆣ뾼싇떽룕듓톧킣돶살뗄듳톧짺쎻폐쫕죫살풴ꎬ쪧튵놣쿕뗄쿈탐뷉럑늿럖ꎬ펦떱폐룶죋뫍헾뢮릲춬돐떣ꆣ 2.룟킣닣쏦 탐캪뺭볃톧죏캪듳톧짺퓚샍뚯솦쫐뎡쯑톰릤ퟷ뗄탐캪뻍쫇퓚늻좷뚨뗄쳵볾쿂뷸탐퓱튵뗄탐캪맽돌ꎬ믡쫜떽탄샭틲쯘뗄펰쿬ꎬ닺짺죏횪욫닮ꎬ쪧튵뻍쫇죏횪욫닮뗄뷡맻ꆣ훷맛짏쫇평폚뺭퇩췆뛏ꆢ횰튵웚췻뗈틲쯘ꎬ믹폚샭탔뗄뺭볃죋ힷ쟳샻틦ퟮ듳뮯뗄볙짨ꎬ뷓쫜ꆢ짵훁쫇뿤듳뗄뷓쫜짧믡뛔듳돇쫐ꆢ듳웳튵뗄룟움볛탅삵ꎬ톡퓱떽듳돇쫐듳웳튵쪵쿖샭쿫ꎬ떱늻쓜떽헢킩뗘랽쒱횰ꎬ믲헟쪵볊쳵볾늻죧웚췻뗄뫃ꎬ뻍닺짺쇋듽튵뫍쪧튵ꆣ뿍맛짏쫇뻍튵탅쾢늻뛔돆ꆢ늻돤럖퓬돉뗄ꆣ 룟킣튻랽쏦뇘탫훘쫓볓잿퓱튵맛뷌폽ꎬ샻폃룷훖탎쪽뛔뇏튵짺뷸탐뷌폽ꎬ냯훺뇏튵짺죏쟥뻍튵탎쫆ꎬ뗷헻뻍튵웚췻ꎬ틽떼듳톧짺쫷솢뛠풪뮯뻍튵샭쓮ꎬ탎돉쏦쿲믹닣붨릦솢튵뗄뻍튵맛쓮ꎬ쳡룟듳톧짺럾컱짧믡뗄틢쪶ꎬ춨맽믹닣릤ퟷ뗄쒥솷ퟔ컒ꎬ쪵쿖ퟔ벺뗄죋짺볛횵ꎻ쇭튻랽쏦펦떱맣랺쫕벯뻍튵탅쾢ꆢ맺볒뫍뗘랽듙뷸듳톧뇏튵짺뻍튵헾닟ꎬ춨맽룷훖쟾뗀ꆢ닉좡뛠훖랽쪽ꎬ죧췸싧릫늼ꆢ헾닟놨룦믡뗈ꎬ벰쪱쳡릩룸뇏튵짺ꎬ쪹뇏튵짺냑컕뻍튵헾닟ꎬ쇋뷢뻍튵탅쾢ꎬ쳡룟뷇즫틢쪶ꎬ믽벫ퟶ뫃뻍튵잰뗄ힼ놸릤ퟷꎬ벰퓧쫷솢헽좷뗄횰튵죏쪶뫍뻍튵쮼쿫ꆣ 36
듳톧짺릤ퟷ쯑톰랽쪽뗄룄뷸 3.짧믡닣쏦 ꎨ1ꎩ폟싛탻뒫ꎺ 폟싛뺭맽듳훚뒫능릤뻟뗄맣랺뒫능ꎬ뿉틔뮽웰죋쏇뛔쒳튻컊쳢뗄힢틢ꆣ뛔폚듳톧짺뻍튵컊쳢ꎬ룼펦떱춨맽맣능ꆢ뗧쫓ꆢ췸싧ꆢ놨뾯뗈룷훖춾뺶ꎬ듳솦탻뒫떱잰뇏튵짺뗄뻍튵탎쫆ꎬ탻뒫맺볒폐맘룟킣뇏튵짺떽믹닣뻍튵뗄헾닟뫍믹닣돉닅뗤탍ꎬ퓚좫짧믡탎돉솼뫃뗄폟싛떼쿲ꆣ쪹듳톧짺쇋뷢떱잰퇏뻾뗄뻍튵탎쫆ꎬ돤럖쇋뷢믹닣ꎬ뇤뻍튵맛쓮ꎬ맄샸뇏튵짺떽컷늿좥ꎬ떽훐킡웳튵뻍튵ꎬ떽쏱펪웳튵뻍튵ꆣ ꎨ2ꎩ훐뷩럾컱ꎺ 컷랽랢듯맺볒펵폐뛠풪뮯뗄뻍튵훐뷩럾컱믺릹ꎬ뛔뇏튵짺퓚쟳횰훐쯹폶떽뗄룷훖컊쳢뷸탐횸떼ꎬ늢뛔뻍튵쫐뎡뻍튵탎쫆뷸탐풤닢ꎬ횸떼톧짺쯑톰늢믱뗃싺틢뗄릤ퟷꎬ춬쪱튲캪맍훷쳡릩뫏쫊뗄맍풱ꎬ헦헽캪랽뇣듳톧짺뻍튵랢믓쇋뫜듳ퟷ폃ꆣ쏀맺뗄룟킣뫍맍훷킭믡럖뇰냼몬뷼2000볒룟킣뫍폃죋떥캻ꎬ쎿쓪쓜릻캪100뛠췲듳톧짺쳡릩뻍튵럾컱ꎬ폐쇏쿔쪾ꎺ룃킭믡쎿쓪뮹뚨웚돶냦뾯컯ꎬ뛔뻍튵쫐뎡쿖ힴ폫쫐뎡탨쟳ꆢ랢햹쟷쫆틔벰 1쟳횰뫍헐울맽돌훐폶떽뗄램싉컊쳢뗈뷸탐뗷닩럖컶ꎬ헢뻍쓜릻돤럖랢믓킭믡뗄뻍튵횸떼ퟷ폃ꆣ죕놾뫱짺샍뚯쪡횰튵낲뚨뻖훷맜뗄죕놾맍펶탅쾢훐탄ꆢ맍펶뾪랢킭믡ꆢ죕놾죋닅뷩짜쫂튵킭믡ꆢ죕놾죋닅엉잲킭믡ꆢ죕놾헐울탅쾢킭믡뗈훚뛠뻍튵톯럾컱믺릹릲춬킭훺톧짺뻍튵ꆣ 헢킩듳톧짺뻍튵듙뷸듫쪩좡뗃쇋늻듭뗄돉킧ꎬ컒맺뗄듙뷸뻍튵뗄훐뷩럾컱릤ퟷ펦떱믽벫뷨본ꎬ헦헽랢믓ퟷ폃ꆣ훐뷩럾컱믺릹춨맽릫뾪릩쟳탅쾢ꎬ튻랽쏦죃듳톧짺쇋뷢폃죋떥캻ꎨ폈웤쫇훐킡웳튵ꎩ뗄폃죋랽쿲ꆢ슼폃쳵볾뫍릤듽폶뗈ꎬ틔뇣톡퓱샭쿫뗄릤ퟷ떥캻ꎻ쇭튻랽쏦죃폃죋떥캻쇋뷢뇏튵짺뗄튵ꆢ쫽솿뗈탅쾢ꎬ틔뇣톡퓱쫊뫏뗄죋풱ꆣ훐뷩럾컱믺릹춨맽뾪햹쫐뎡뗄풤닢ꆢ풤놨ꎬ뾪햹폃죋퓱튵톯ꎬ캪톧짺퓱튵ꆢ톧킣볆뮮ꆢ헾뢮뻶닟쳡릩냯훺ꎬ쪹뻍튵쫐뎡짏뗄릩탨쮫랽뚼쓜믱뗃ퟮ폐킧뗄엤훃ꎬ쳡룟쫐뎡킧싊ꆣ 4.폃죋떥캻닣쏦 죋닅맜샭믺훆쫇죋솦풴뾪랢뗄맘볼ꎬ좱짙룄룯뫍뒴탂뗄죋닅맜샭믺훆믡떼훂죋닅쪹폃뗄뗍킧싊뫍죋닅쇷쪧ꆣ늻랢듯뗘쟸뗄죋닅맜샭믺훆뮹쫜떽뻉쮼쿫뗃펰쿬ꆢ튻킩훐킡웳튵쫜떽뺭볃ힴ뿶뗄풼쫸ꎬ튻킩늻뫏샭ꆢ늻릫욽쿖쿳뮹뷏캪웕뇩ꎬ듬짋죋닅뗄믽벫탔뫍 1 쇏살풴ꎺ?뫬늨ꎮ쓾늨ꆢ쿣룛뗘쟸듳톧짺뻍튵횸떼럾컱쳥쾵퓋탐믺훆뗄뇈뷏퇐뺿[D]ꎮ뮪뚫쪦랶듳톧ꎬ2008 37
믹폚릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뗄듳톧짺뻍튵컊쳢퇐뺿 뒴퓬탔ꆣ뇘탫룄짆뺺헹퓱폅뗄뺺헹믺훆ꎬ내헕릫뾪ꆢ릫욽뗄풭퓲ꎬ맣랺췆탐뺺헹짏룚훆뫍뚨웚울죎훆ꎬ폅쪤쇓청ꎬ퓶잿죋닅뗄캣믺틢쪶ꎬ돤럖랢믓웤잱쓜ꆣ췪짆뿆톧뫏샭뗄킽돪럖엤믺훆ꎬ냑릤ퟷ뾼뫋뫍놨돪붱돍쿠뷡뫏ꎬ쫇죋닅쫕죫폫릤ퟷ벨킧뫍릱쿗맒릳ꎬ돤럖뗷뚯죋닅뗄믽벫탔뫍뒴퓬탔ꆣ붨솢횰컱쓜짏쓜쿂ꆢ쫕죫쓜룟쓜뗍ꆢ죋닅쓜뷸쓜돶뗄벤샸풼쫸믺훆ꎬ쳡룟죋닅쪹폃킧싊ꎬ퓶잿죋닅뛔릤ퟷ떥캻뗄쿲탄솦ꆣ38
뷡폯 뷡 폯 쯦ퟅ컒맺듳톧짺뻍튵헾닟뗄뇤뮯ꎬꆰ듳톧뇏튵벴뻍튵ꆱ뗄뻖쏦놻듲웆ꎬ듳톧짺늻뗃늻닎폫떽쫐뎡뺺헹훐ꎬ뷸탐릤ퟷ쯑톰ꎻ퓚룟뗈뷌폽듳훚뮯뗄놳뺰쿂ꎬ룟킣삩헐ꎬ듳톧짺맦쒣톸쯙퓶볓ꎬ뻍튵뺺헹톹솦늻뛏퓶잿ꎻ쯦ퟅ쫐뎡뺺헹뗄볓뻧ꎬꆰ횪쪶쪧튵ꆱ뗄쿖쿳뾪쪼퓚컒맺돶쿖ꎻ늻춬뗘쟸샍뚯솦쫐뎡뗄닮틬탔폖쪹듳톧짺뻍튵쏦쇙퇏뻾뗄쳴햽ꎬ뷰죚캣믺뗄돶쿖룼쪹듳톧짺탎쫆쿖ힴ톩짏볓쮪ꎬ듳톧짺뗄뻍튵컊쳢틑뺭돉캪튻룶틽웰룷쇬폲톧헟맘힢뗄ퟛ뫏탔뗄짧믡컊쳢ꆣ 놾컄퓚릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뿲볜쿂ꎬ틔듳톧짺릤ퟷ쯑톰맽돌캪퇐뺿뛔쿳ꎬ럖컶듳톧짺뗄쪧튵컊쳢ꎬ죏캪떱잰컒맺듳톧짺쪧튵훷튪뇭쿖캪ퟔ풸탔쪧튵ꎬ닉좡쿈뻍튵뫳퓱튵뗄뻍튵랽쪽뫍믹닣뻍튵뗄뻍튵랽쪽ꎬ뿉틔뮺뷢쪧튵쿖ힴꆣ떫쫇ꎬ뇊헟죏캪헢솽훖뻍튵랽쪽뮹듦퓚늻ퟣꎬ펦떱룄뷸ꎬ늢퓚놾컄훐쳡돶룄뷸붨틩ꎬ솦쟳듓룹놾짏뷢뻶평폚듳톧짺뻍튵욫쿲탔퓬돉뗄ퟔ풸탔쪧튵ꆣ 듳톧짺뻍튵릤ퟷ쫇튻쿮뢴퓓뗄쾵춳릤돌ꎬ맘쾵떽컒맺뗄뎤풶랢햹ꆢ뺭볃컈뚨폫짧믡뫍킳ꆣ퓚떱잰짧믡놳뺰쿂ꎬ듓룹놾짏뷢뻶듳톧짺뻍튵삧쓑컊쳢ꎬ듙뷸듳톧짺뻍튵ꎬ탨튪뛔헻룶짧믡쾵춳뷸탐뾼달ꎬ탨튪헾뢮ꆢ룟킣ꆢ웳튵뫍듳톧짺릲춬얬솦ꎬ뺡뿬릹붨퓚헾뢮헾닟캪횧돖쿂ꎬ평룟킣ꆢ폃죋떥캻뫍짧믡릲춬닎폫뗄뻍튵퓋탐믺훆ꆣ 쒿잰ꎬ톧헟쏇뛔듳톧짺뻍튵뗄샭싛맛뗣뫍퇐뺿쫓뷇럗랱뢴퓓ꎬ뛔듳톧짺뻍튵헢룶컊쳢뗄퇐뺿헽늻뛏럡뢻뫍췪짆ꆣ놾컄쯹ퟶ뗄럖컶뫍퇐뺿쯤좻짐늻릻듯떽좫쏦뫍쾵춳ꎬ떫쫇뇊헟쾣췻붫헦쟐뗄쿫램뫍퇐뺿붨틩춨맽싛컄ꎬ뒫뗝룸쓇킩쓜릻듙뷸듳톧짺뻍튵릤ퟷ뗄쿠맘떥캻ꆢ늿쏅뫍룶죋ꎬ캪쯻쏇뗄뻶닟듸살닎뾼ꎬ뺡튻뗣쏠놡횮솦ꎬ늢쾣췻ퟮ훕ퟔ짭쓜튲럖쿭떽췆뷸듳톧짺뻍튵뗄헾닟뫍듫쪩뗄돉맻ꎻ춬쪱쾣췻맣듳듳톧뇏튵짺죏쟥쿖쪵ꎬ뇤맛쓮ꎬ뗷헻쮼쿫뚨캻ꎬ쳡룟ퟔ짭뻍튵쓜솦ꎬ쮳샻쪵쿖뻍튵ꆣ 39
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믹폚릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뗄듳톧짺뻍튵컊쳢퇐뺿 [18] 퓸쿦좪ꎮ훐맺샍뚯컊쳢퇐뺿[M]ꎮ놱뺩ꎺ훐맺샍뚯짧믡놣헏돶냦짧ꎬ2006 [19] 색쿌욽ꎮ색퇛닆뺭[M]ꎮ놱뺩ꎺ뚫랽돶냦짧ꎬ2009 [20] 짲쟙쟙ꆢ퇮캰맺뗈ꎮ좫쟲쫓튰쿂뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡헾닟[M]ꎮ놱뺩ꎺ훐맺샍뚯짧믡놣헏돶냦짧ꎬ2008 [21] 퇮틋폂뗈ꎮ듳뾪럅뗄뻍튵[M]ꎮ훐맺쮮샻쮮뗧돶냦짧ꎬ2004: 188-207 [22] 붪볌뫬ꎮ짧믡놾폫뻍튵퇐뺿[M]ꎮ짧믡뿆톧컄쿗돶냦짧ꎬ2005 [23] 쯎죽쿒ꎬ솺튻ꎬ싀쎯뒺ꎮ컒캪쪲쎴늻튪펦뷬뇏튵짺[M]ꎮ훘쟬돶냦짧ꎬ2005 [24] 샮쿲잰ꎬ쿲뫩ꎬ뫘좻ꎮ훐맺죋닅엺에[M]ꎮ훐맺쪱듺뺭볃돶냦짧ꎬ2005 [25] 퇮돉룖ꎮ쪧튵쫴탔폫훐맺쪧튵컊쳢퇐뺿[M]ꎮ컷쓏닆뺭듳톧돶냦짧ꎬ2008 [26] 훐맺짧뿆풺죋뿚폫샍뚯뺭볃퇐뺿쯹뿎쳢ퟩꎮ듳톧짺뻍튵쓑뫍얩쏱릤쪧튵컊쳢뷢컶[J] ꎮ훐맺뺭볃놨룦ꎬ2010(3)ꎮ [27] 퓸쿦좪ꎮ뇤룯훐뗄뻍튵뮷뺳폫훐맺듳톧짺뻍튵[J] ꎮ뺭볃퇐뺿ꎬ2004(6) [28] 샮놣쏱ꎮ룟킣뇏튵짺뻍튵삧뺳ꆢ풭틲폫뛔닟[J]ꎮ뺭볃ퟝ뫡ꎬ2009(12) [29] 잮폀삤ꎮ쯑톰샭싛폫쿂룚횰릤퓙뻍튵[J]ꎮ훐맺뿳튵듳톧톧놨ꎬ2001(1) [30] 돂춳뿼ꎬ헂붣럦뗈ꎮ듳톧펦룃퓵쎴냬ꆪꆪ훸쏻듳톧킣뎤뛔뮰슼[J] ꎮ쓏럧뒰ꎬ2009 [31] 샮쿾쟚ꎮ탐캪뺭볃톧쫓뷇쿂뗄뻍튵컊쳢럖컶ꆪꆪ틔듳톧짺뻍튵캪샽[J]ꎮ뺭볃컊쳢ꎬ2008(7) [32] 튦풣좺ꎬ샮듓맺ꎮ듙뷸컒맺듳톧짺뻍튵뗄뛔닟쳥쾵퇐뺿[J]ꎮ뚫퓀싛듔ꎬ2009(10) [33] 샮킡슳ꎮ떱잰룟킣뇏튵짺뻍튵횸떼릤ퟷ뗄쮼뾼[J]ꎮ룟뷌첽쯷ꎬ2001(2) [34] 퇮캰맺ꎬ췵량ꎮ듳톧짺뻍튵ꎺ맺췢듙뷸헾닟벰뛔훐맺뗄뷨본[J]ꎮ훐맺죋뿚뿆톧ꎬ2004(4) [35] 십쿾뗈ꎮ믹폚쯑톰샭싛뗄뚯솦쫐뎡횰캻욫샫쿖쿳럖컶[J]ꎮ짌튵쪱듺ꎬ2009(14) [36] 샮폱쎷ꎬ돌듏ꎮ샍뚯솦쫐뎡릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛벰웤웴쪾[J]ꎮ쫗뚼뺭볃쎳틗듳톧톧놨ꎬ2007(2) [37] 헔욵ꎬ뚡헱맺ꎬ십쿲욽ꎮ듳톧짺뻍튵업돢폫헾뢮퓰죎[J]ꎮ훐맺뗘훊듳톧톧놨ꎬ2009(3) [38] 킻폂ꎮ죕놾듳톧짺뻍튵듙뷸듫쪩벰웤뛔훐맺뗄웴쪾[J]ꎮ횰뷌싛첳ꎬ2007(11) [39] 탭볒쏷ꎮ컷랽랢듯맺볒듙뷸듳톧짺뻍튵뗄듫쪩폫웴쪾[J]ꎮ떱듺뷌폽뿆톧ꎬ2009(5) [40] 맘틸럦ꎮ룟킣뇏튵짺믹닣뻍튵뗄헏낭벰뛔닟퇐뺿[J]ꎮ맳훝뷌폽톧풺톧놨ꎬ2009(11) [41] 뫎틠쏻ꎬ헅뇾짪ꎮ맺췢릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛퇐뺿쫶움[J]ꎮ췢맺뺭볃폫맜샭ꎬ2006(2) [42] 샮몣헪ꎮ잳컶듳톧짺믹닣뻍튵[J]ꎮ훐맺샍뚯맘쾵톧풺톧놨ꎬ2006(8) [43] 붭퇠ꎮ듳톧뇏튵짺릤ퟷ쯑톰탐캪퇐뺿[D] ꎮ놱뺩쪦랶듳톧ꎬ2004 [44] 닩뒺퇠ꎮ얩쏱릤쟳횰뗄탅쾢헏낭퇐뺿ꆪꆪ믹폚릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뗄쫓뷇[D]ꎮ뚫놱닆뺭듳톧ꎬ2007 [45] 컢뎣뫧ꎮ믹폚쯑톰샭싛뗄듳톧뇏튵짺돵듎뻍튵퇐뺿[D]ꎮ뢴떩듳톧ꎬ2005 [46] 퇮루컨ꎮ뻍튵헾닟뛔듳톧짺뻍튵뗄펰쿬퇐뺿[D]ꎮ뫾쓏쪦랶듳톧ꎬ2008 [47] 폚뗂룕ꎮ듳톧짺뻍튵웚췻뗄뗷닩폫퇐뺿[D]ꎮ듳솬샭릤듳톧ꎬ2009 [48] 췵컄뻽ꎮ맘폚펢맺듳톧짺뻍튵쓜솦엠퇸뗄돵늽퇐뺿[D] ꎮ뢣붨쪦랶듳톧ꎬ2009 [49] 벾맰놣ꎬ쳯쿾쇡ꎮ죽톧헟믱억놴뛻뺭볃톧붱ꎺ쯑톰샭싛뷢컶룟쪧튵싊42
닎뾼컄쿗 [EB/OL]ꎮ [50] 췵쏷벧ꎮꆰ쿈뻍튵뫳퓱튵ꆱ쓍죋톰캶[EB/OL]ꎮ 43
믹폚릤ퟷ쯑톰샭싛뗄듳톧짺뻍튵컊쳢퇐뺿 훂 킻 퓚싛컄벴붫췪돉횮볊ꎬ컒쫗쿈튪쿲컒뗄떼쪦샮놣쏱뷌쫚뇭쪾돏횿뗄뺴틢뫍훒탄뗄룐킻ꆣ싛컄뗄킴ퟷ맽돌ꎬ듓쳡룙뗄좷뚨ꆢ싛컄뗄뛠듎탞룄떽뚨룥ꎬ뚼뗃떽쇋샮샏쪦뗄뺫탄뗣늦ꆢ뺫탄횸떼뫍쓍탄냯훺ꆣ퓚컒뛁쮶쪿뗄죽쓪샯ꎬ샮샏쪦늻뷶퓚톧튵짏룸쇋컒횸뗣뫍맄샸ꎬ퓚쮼쿫뫍짺믮짏튲룸쇋컒뫜뛠맘탄폫맘뮳ꆣ샮샏쪦톧쪶풨늩ꆢ훎톧퇏뷷ꆢ믥죋늻뻫ꎬ쯻뗄ힻힻ뷌믥뫍탐쫂ퟷ럧쪹컒헢죽쓪톧떽뗄늻뷶폐쫩놾뗄횪쪶ꎬ룼폐ퟶ죋뗄뗀샭ꎬ쪹컒쫜틦럋잳ꆣ 퓚퇐뺿짺톧쾰웚볤ꎬ컒튪헦돏뗄룐킻뺭볃톧풺뗄룷캻샏쪦ꎬ쫇쯻쏇뗄ꆰ뒫뗀ꆢ쫚튵ꆢ뷢믳ꆱꎬ쪹컒퇸돉쇋솼뫃뗄톧쾰쾰맟ꎬ톧떽쇋럡뢻뗄튵횪쪶ꎻ퓚놾싛컄뚨룥뢶횮볊ꎬ컒튪룐킻닎폫짳룥뫍싛컄듰뇧뗄샏쪦쏇ꎬ쫇쯻쏇뛔놾컄쳡돶쇋놦맳틢볻뫍붨틩ꎬ쪹컒쓜릻벰쪱죏쪶떽늻ퟣꎬ볓틔룄헽ꎬ뗃틔췪짆ꆣ 컒뮹튪룐킻컒뗄춬톧쏇ꎬ듳볒쿠뮥뗄맘탄뫍횧돖ꎬ쪹컒뿬샖뗘뛈맽쇋죽쓪쏀뫃뗄톧쾰쪱맢ꎻ룐킻컒뗄엳폑쏇ꎬ쯻쏇퓚짺믮짏뗄냯훺뫍탅죎ꎬ쪹컒탄쟩쫦뎩ꎬ퓚싛컄킴ퟷ훐뗄웴랢뫍붨틩ꎬ쪹컒믭좻뾪샊ꆣ ퟮ뫳튪룐킻뗄쫇컒뗄뢸쒸ꎬ쫇쯻쏇폃컞쮽뫍냼죝뷌믡컒ퟶ죋ꎬ폃샖맛뫍뿭죝뷌폽컒뒦쫂ꎬ쯻쏇퓚컯훊짏횧돖ꎬ뺫짱짏뗄맄샸ꎬ캪컒뺻뮯쇋쟳톧쟳횪뗄뗀슷ꎬ튲돉캪컒죋짺잰뷸뗄뚯솦ꎻ룐킻컒쯹폐뗄볒죋ꎬ쯻쏇늻뛏룸컒맘낮ꎬ죃컒뗄짺믮돤싺퇴맢ꆣ 컒붫늻뛏얬솦ꎬ폃좡뗃뗄돉맻믘놨쎿튻룶맘탄컒ꆢ냯훺컒뗄죋ꆣ 듺쿾럇 2010쓪3퓂 44
