웳튵웵풼뗄샻틦쿠맘헟쒣탍ꆡꆡ햪ꆡ튪:웳튵쫇샻틦쿠맘헟닎폫뗄튻쾵쇐웵풼뗄솪뷡ꆣ샻틦쿠맘헟냼삨막뚫ꆢ뺭샭죋풱ꆢ햮좨죋ꆢ릩펦짌ꆢ쿻럑헟ꆢ릤죋틔벰짧믡릫훚뗈,쯻쏇붫ퟔ벺쯹펵폐뗄풴춶죫떽웳튵,춬쪱튲뻍펵폐쇋늻춬뗄웳튵쯹폐좨ꆣ웳튵쯹폐좨냼삨쯷좡좨(냼삨만뚨쯷좡좨ꆢ뇤뚯쯷좡좨뫍쪣폠쯷좡좨)뫍뿘훆좨(냼삨만뚨뿘훆좨뫍쪣폠뿘훆좨),뛸웳튵쯹폐좨낲업퓲쫇퓚훆뛈뮷뺳ꆢ릩쟳맘쾵ꆢ풴춶죫솿ꆢ풴뗄탅뫅쿔쪾믺훆ꆢ풴뿉뗖톺탔ꆢ닺폃탔ꆢ럧쿕톡퓱뫍ퟩ횯뮯돌뛈뗈틲쯘뗄펰쿬쿂,샻틦쿠맘헟샻틦돥춻폫킭뗷뗄뷡맻ꆣ헢킩틲쯘뗄늻뛏뇤뮯횮쳘헷,뻶뚨웳튵쯹폐좨낲업쫇튻룶뚯첬뗄맽돌,쯼뻟폐ힴ첬틀듦쳘헷ꆣ맘볼듊:웳튵웵풼;웳튵쯹폐좨;샻틦쿠맘헟훐춼럖샠뫅:F230ꆡꆡꆡ컄쿗뇪쪶싫:Aꆡꆡꆡ컄헂뇠뫅:100424892(2005)0520014201튻ꆢ컊쳢뗄쳡돶웳튵ퟷ캪튻훖뺭볃훆뛈,쯼튻횱쫇뺭볃톧볒쏇쯹퇐뺿뗄ퟮ캪훘튪튲쫇ퟮ캪믹놾뗄뿎쳢ꆣ탂맅뗤뺭볃톧틔컈뚨욫뫃탔ꆢ샭탔톡퓱뫍쿠뮥ퟷ폃뗄뻹뫢뷡릹죽룶볙짨캪잰쳡,죏캪뺭볃쳥쾵뻍쫇튻룶평닎쫽뫍뇤솿릹돉뗄솪뫏랽돌ퟩ뇭쪾뗄튻냣뮯뗄뻹뫢쳥쾵,웤훐닎쫽벴캪뺭볃뮷뺳,뇤솿퓲쫇평뺭볃쳥쾵놾짭쯹뻶뚨뗄,랽돌듺뇭뻹뫢쳵볾ꆣ퓚헢훖샭싛쳥쾵훐,웳튵뻍쫇붫죴룉훖춶죫뮯캪닺돶뗄짺닺탔떥캻,쯼쯹쓜ퟶ뗄뻍쫇듓뻹뫢쳥쾵훐뗃돶ퟮ폅뻹뫢뷢믲뻹뫢쳵볾[1]ꆣ뿉볻,탂맅뗤뺭볃톧횻냑웳튵뾴ퟷ튻룶짺닺몯쫽,웳튵쓚뗄훆뛈뷡릹룹놾늻퓚탂맅뗤뺭볃톧뗄쳖싛랶캧횮쓚[2],헢퇹,웳튵탐캪놳뫳뗄뻶뚨틲쯘놻뫶쫓쇋ꆣ횱떽1937쓪,뿆쮹()뗄ꆶ웳튵뗄탔훊ꆷ튻컄뗄랢뇭늢폚20쫀볍70쓪듺틽웰뺭볃톧뷧뗄훘쫓,뾪쪼붫웳튵샭싛뗄퇐뺿듸죫떽맘힢웳튵쓚늿샻틦맘쾵(막뚫뫍뺭샭뗄샻틦맘쾵)뗄탂쇬폲,룸웳튵샭싛퇐뺿듸살룯쏼탔뗄뇤룯ꆣ뿆쮹듓잿뗷샍뚯폫튻냣짌욷뗄늻춬쳘탔,죏캪샍뚯뗄붻틗웵풼붫쫇튻룶늻췪좫웵풼,퓚쯼뗄붻틗짏,웳튵훆뛈붫뇈쫐뎡훆뛈뻟폐뇈뷏돉놾폅쫆,웳튵뻍쫇볛룱믺훆뗄쳦듺컯[3]ꆣ퓚듋믹뒡짏,뺭볃톧헟퇘ퟅ뿆쮹쯹뾪뇙뗄럖컶웳튵쓚늿샻틦맘쾵뗄퇐뺿쮼슷,듓룷룶뷇뛈뛔웳튵웵풼뷸탐쇋짮죫퇐뺿,죧낢뛻쟕뫍뗂쒷죻듄퓲횸돶웳튵웵풼훐쯹듦퓚뗄췅뛓짺닺폫볠뚽컊쳢,웳튵폫쫐뎡뗄쟸뇰퓚폚탅쾢쇷뗄닮틬[4];햲즭뫍싳뿋쇖퓲듓듺샭맘쾵뗄뷇뛈쿪쾸럖컶쇋웳튵훐쯹듦퓚뗄샻틦돥춻뫍볠뚽뿘훆컊쳢[5],뗈뗈ꆣ캪랽뇣웰볻,컒쏇붫솢ퟣ럖컶웳튵쓚늿샻틦맘쾵뛸퇐뺿웳튵웵풼뗄샭싛,춳튻돆캪뿆쮹웳튵샭싛ꆣ펦룃쮵,뷨훺웵풼듓쓚늿샻틦맘쾵뗄뷇뛈살뷢뛁웳튵,쫇뿆쮹웳튵샭싛뗄훘듳릱쿗ꆣ좻뛸,뿆쮹웳튵샭싛맘힢뗄뷶뷶쫇뺭샭죋풱뫍막뚫횮볤뗄샻틦맘쾵,늢죏캪웳튵쫇평막뚫쯹펵
폐뗄,캪쇋쓜릻뷢뻶볠뚽늻솦뗄컊쳢,뿉틔죃뺭샭죋풱펵폐늿럖쪣폠쯹폐좨ꆣ좻뛸,붫웳튵쓚늿샻틦맘쾵쫓춬캪뺭샭죋풱뫍막뚫횮볤뗄샻틦맘쾵,틑뺭퓢쫜떽쿠떱뗄엺움,죧램싫뫍쏗샕횸돶,막뚫뗄뻶닟늻쓜췪좫놣뮤햮좨죋뗄샻틦,헢뇭쏷웳튵쓚늿샻틦맘쾵돽쇋뺭샭죋풱뫍막뚫횮볤뗄샻틦맘쾵틔췢,햮좨죋폫쯻쏇횮볤뗄샻틦맘쾵튲쫇웳튵쓚늿샻틦맘쾵뗄ퟩ돉늿럖[6];쇭췢,뿆쮹웳튵샭싛튲뛔쿖쪵훐뗄쒳킩뻟쳥컊쳢컞램룸돶잡떱뗄뷢쫍,죧쿖쪵훐뗄웳튵캪쪲쎴풸틢돐떣짧믡퓰죎[7],뷶뷶뾼싇뺭샭죋풱뫍막뚫샻틦맘쾵뗄웳튵샭싛,늻뿉쓜뇈뷏풲싺뗘뛔듋ퟷ돶믘듰,틲캪웳튵돐떣짧믡퓰죎틢캶ퟅ짧믡릫훚뗄샻틦맘쾵튲쫇웳튵쓚늿샻틦맘쾵뗄ퟩ돉늿럖ꆣ틲듋,죧뫎뿋럾뿆쮹웳튵샭싛쫓튰맽폚쿁낯뗄뻖쿞뛸듓룼맣랺뗄뷇뛈살뷢뛁웳튵,늢틔듋캪믹뒡살뷢쫍웳튵탐캪뗄쳘헷,뻟폐훘튪뗄샭싛볛횵뫍쿖쪵틢틥ꆣ뛾ꆢ웳튵샻틦쿠맘헟랶캧뗄좷뚨쫂쪵짏,튻룶웳튵쓜럱듦퓚,막뚫뗄춶죫뫍뺭샭죋풱뗄뺭펪맜샭뗄좷훁맘훘튪,떫쫇,쯼쏇횻쫇웳튵듦퓚뗄뇘튪쳵볾뛸럇돤럖쳵볾ꆣ쫗쿈,웳튵ퟜ쫇듦퓚폚짧믡릫릲뮷뺳횮훐,쯼뇘뚨튪뫄럑짧믡릫릲풴믲뛔짧믡릫릲뮷뺳닺짺펰쿬,죧웳튵뗄퓋뇘탫쪹폃쓜풴,웳튵뗄짺닺뿉쓜룸뿕웸ꆢ쮮풴듸살튻뚨돌뛈뗄컛좾ꆣ죧맻짧믡릫훚늻춬틢웳튵퓋폃쓜풴ꋙ,믲헟짧믡릫훚늻쓜뷓쫜웳튵룸짧믡릫릲뮷뺳쯹듸살뗄뢺쏦펰쿬,쓇쎴웳튵뻍늻뿉쓜듦퓚;웤듎,햮좨죋뗄닆컱놾쫇웳튵훘튪뗄닆컱뷰뗄살풴,쯼쏇틑돉캪웳튵짺듦폫랢햹뗄훘튪풴,죧맻좱짙햮좨죋뗄닆컱풴,뫜뛠웳튵뿉쓜뚼틑ퟟ쿲쏰췶;쇭췢,웳튵뗄듦퓚폫릩믵짌뫍쿻럑헟튲쫇럖늻뾪뗄,뫜쏷쿔,튻룶웳튵컞싛좱짙릩믵짌뮹쫇좱짙쿻럑헟,쯼튲쫇컞램듦퓚뗄ꆣ죧맻웳튵뗄릩믵짌믲쿻럑헟뇈뷏럖즢,웤훐튻룶믲죴룉룶릩믵짌믲쿻럑헟뗄뇤뚯뿉쓜뛔웳튵뗄짺닺뺭펪쯹닺짺뗄펰쿬늻듳,떫쫇,죧맻웳튵뇈뷏틀삵폚쒳튻룶릩믵짌믲쿻럑헟,쓇쎴,헢룶릩믵짌믲쿻럑헟뛔폚웳튵뗄짺듦뻍믡훁맘훘튪;웳튵캪쇋캬돖폫쿻럑헟뫍릩펦짌뗄맘쾵,튲튪랢짺튻킩횧돶,폃틔횱뷓릵춨믲맣룦뗈;웳튵쯤좻랢짺쇋횧돶,떫쿻럑헟뫍릩펦짌늢쎻폐횱뷓믱뗃닆컱짏뗄쫕죫,떫쯻쏇평듋믱뗃웳튵랢햹ힴ뿶뗄탅쾢,캪쯻쏇ퟔ벺뗄뻶닟쳡릩훘튪뗄틀뻝,듓뛸캪쯻쏇캴살뺭볃샻틦뗄믱뗃뗬뚨믹뒡ꆣퟮ뫳,웳튵뗄짺듦샫늻뾪릤죋뗄샍뚯,쿔좻,죧맻웳튵좱짙릤죋뗄샍뚯,쯹폐짺닺튪쯘뗄춶죫뻍늻믡닺짺죎뫎뗄닺돶,웳튵뇘좻쫇늻뿉쓜짺듦뗄,뛸쟒웳튵뗄킧틦퓲횱뷓뻶뚨폚릤죋뗄샍뚯킧싊ꆣퟜ횮,웳튵횮쯹틔쓜릻듦퓚,쯼늻뷶폫막뚫뫍뺭샭죋풱폐맘,뛸쟒폫짧믡릫훚ꆢ햮좨죋ꆢ릩펦짌ꆢ쿻럑헟틔벰릤죋뷴쏜쿠맘ꆣ랴맽살뾴,웳튵뗄짺듦폫럱틔벰랢햹죧뫎,튲폫쯻쏇뗄샻틦쿠맘ꆣ믹폚헢훖뾼달,컒쏇뿉틔붫막뚫ꆢ뺭샭죋풱ꆢ햮좨죋ꆢ릩펦짌ꆢ쿻럑헟ꆢ릤죋틔벰짧믡릫훚춳돆캪웳튵뗄ꆰ샻틦쿠맘헟ꆱ(stakeholders)ꆣ튲뻍쫇쮵,웳튵듦퓚뗄돤럖뇘튪쳵볾쫇웳튵샻틦쿠맘헟춨맽웵풼붫쿠펦뗄풴춶죫떽웳튵훐살ꆣ뻟쳥살쮵,춨맽웳튵웵풼뗄첸에,막뚫뫍햮좨죋춶죫닆컱풴,뺭샭죋풱뫍릤죋춶죫죋솦풴,릩펦짌뫍쿻럑헟춶죫맘쾵풴,짧믡릫훚춶죫짧믡릫릲풴ꆣ듓헢룶뷇뛈살뾴,웳튵쫇샻틦쿠맘헟닎폫뗄튻쾵쇐웵풼뗄ퟩ뫏,웤훐샻틦쿠맘헟냼삨쯹폐웳튵삵틔짺듦뫍샻틦쫜웳튵펰쿬뗄훷쳥ꆣ뺭볃톧쪵볊짏뫜퓧뻍틑죏쪶떽웳튵샻틦쿠맘헟컊쳢,횻쫇쎻폐틽웰웕뇩뗄훘쫓,튲쎻폐톧헟뻍웳튵뗄샻틦쿠맘헟컊쳢뷸탐쾵춳뗄퇐뺿ꆣ죧뿋삳틲뫍삳뢥샕뗄퇐뺿뷡싛뇭쏷,웳튵폫맋뿍횮볤듦퓚쒬웵뫏풼맘쾵[8];쮹뗙룱샻듄퓚퇐뺿쿖듺릫쮾훆뛈뗄볠뚽컊쳢쪱,퓲쳖싛쇋틸탐뫍릤믡퓚볠뚽훐뗄뇈뷏폅쫆뫍돉놾[9];뿆쓎뛻뫍쿄욤싞퓲횸돶,릫쮾헾닟틀삵폚샻틦쿠맘헟뗄듦퓚,웤훐샻틦쿠맘헟냼삨쇋막뚫ꆢ햮좨죋ꆢ횰릤ꆢ쿻럑헟뗈[10]ꆣ뛸뛔폚ꆰ쓄킩죋믲벯쳥쫇웳튵샻틦쿠맘헟ꆱ컊쳢뗄퇐뺿,퓧퓚1963쓪뻍뾪쪼쇋,훁뷱뺭볃톧헟쏇틑쳡돶쇋뷼30훖ꆰ샻틦쿠맘헟ꆱ뗄뚨틥[1]ꆣ쓇쎴,뺭
닆뺭싛듔ꆡ2005쓪뗚5웚볃톧헟쏇쯹쳡돶뗄ꆰ샻틦쿠맘헟ꆱ뗄랶캧폫뇊헟퓚짏컄쯹샭뷢뗄샻틦쿠맘헟뗄랶캧쫇럱튻훂쓘?쿂컄뻍듋뷸탐뾼달ꆣ1997쓪,쏗쟐뛻뗈죋붫뺭볃톧볒쏇쯹쳡돶뗄뷼30훖ꆰ샻틦쿠맘헟ꆱ뚨틥맩쓉돶27훖\[11\],뻟쳥쓚죝볻뇭1ꆣ뇭1ꆡꆰ샻틦쿠맘헟ꆱ뚨틥튻샀뇭ퟷ헟ꆰ샻틦쿠맘헟ꆱ뚨틥Standfordmemo(1963)샻틦쿠맘헟쫇헢퇹튻킩췅쳥,쎻폐웤횧돖,ퟩ횯뻍늻뿉쓜짺듦ꆣRhenman(1964)샻틦쿠맘헟틀뾿웳튵살쪵쿖웤룶죋쒿뇪,뛸웳튵튲틀뾿쯻쏇살캬돖짺듦ꆣAhlstedt&샻틦쿠맘헟쫇튻룶웳튵뗄닎폫헟,쯻쏇놻ퟔ벺뗄샻틦뫍쒿뇪쯹쟽뚯,틲듋뇘탫틀뾿웳튵:Jahnukainen(1971)뛸웳튵캪쇋짺듦,튲뇘탫틀삵샻틦쿠맘헟ꆣ샻틦쿠맘헟쓜릻펰쿬튻룶ퟩ횯쒿뇪뗄쪵쿖,믲헟쯻쏇ퟔ짭쫜튻룶ퟩ횯쪵쿖웤쒿뇪뗄맽돌뗄Freeman&Reed(1983:91)펰쿬ꆣ쇭튻룶햭튻뗣뗄뚨틥:샻틦쿠맘헟쫇쓇킩ퟩ횯캪쪵쿖웤쒿뇪뇘탫틀삵뗄죋ꆣFreemen(1984:46)샻틦쿠맘헟쫇쓜릻펰쿬튻룶ퟩ횯쒿뇪뗄쪵쿖믲쓜릻놻ퟩ횯쪵쿖쒿뇪뗄맽돌펰쿬뗄죋ꆣFreeman&Gilbert(1987:39)샻틦쿠맘헟쫇쓜릻펰쿬튻룶ퟩ횯쒿뇪뗄쪵쿖믲쓜릻놻ퟩ횯쪵쿖쒿뇪뗄맽돌펰쿬뗄죋ꆣCornell&Shapiro(1987:5)샻틦쿠맘헟쫇쓇킩폫웳튵폐뫏풼맘쾵뗄튪쟳좨죋ꆣEvan&Freeman(1988:75-76)샻틦쿠맘헟퓚웳튵훐폐튻뇊ꆰ뛄힢ꆱ(stake),믲헟뛔룃웳튵폐튪쟳좨ꆣ샻틦쿠맘헟쫇쓇킩죋,쯻쏇틲릫쮾믮뚯쫜틦믲쫜쯰:쯻쏇뗄좨샻틲릫쮾믮뚯뛸쫜떽ퟰ훘믲Evan&Freeman(1988:79)쫜떽쟖랸ꆣBowie(1988:112,)쎻폐쯻쏇뗄횧돖,ퟩ횯붫컞램짺듦ꆣAlkhafaji(1989:36)샻틦쿠맘헟쫇쓇킩릫쮾뛔웤뢺폐퓰죎뗄죋ꆣCarroll(1989:57)샻틦쿠맘헟쓜틔쯹폐좨믲램싉뗄쏻틥뛔릫쮾닺믲닆닺탐쪹쫕틦뫍좨샻ꆣFreeman&Evan(1990)샻틦쿠맘헟쫇폫웳튵폐뫏풼맘쾵뗄죋ꆣThompsonetal.(1991:209)샻틦쿠맘헟쫇폫쒳룶ퟩ횯폐맘쾵뗄죋ꆣSavageetal.(1991:61)샻틦쿠맘헟뗄샻틦쫜ퟩ횯믮뚯뗄펰쿬,늢쟒쯻쏇튲폐쓜솦펰쿬ퟩ횯뗄믮뚯ꆣH샻틦쿠맘헟쫇쓇킩췅쳥,쯼쏇뛔웳튵폐뫏램뗄튪쟳좨;쯻쏇춨맽튻룶붻뮻맘쾵뗄듦퓚뛸붨ill&Jones(1992:133)솢웰살,벴쯻쏇쿲웳튵쳡릩맘볼탔풴,틔뮻좡웤룶죋샻틦쒿뇪뗄싺ퟣꆣB샻틦쿠맘헟폫쒳룶ퟩ횯폐ퟅ튻킩뫏램뗄ꆢ뎤웚뗄뫍컈뚨뗄맘쾵,죧붻틗맘쾵,펰쿬믮뚯벰rener(1993:205)뗀뗂퓰죎ꆣC샻틦쿠맘헟퓚웳튵훐춶죫닺,릹돉튻훖믲뛠훖탎쪽뗄ꆰ뛄힢ꆱ,춨맽헢킩ꆰ뛄힢ꆱ,쯻쏇arroll(1993:60)튲탭펰쿬웳튵뗄믮뚯,믲쫜웳튵믮뚯뗄펰쿬ꆣFreeman(1994:415)샻틦쿠맘헟쫇솪뫏볛횵뒴퓬뗄죋캪맽돌뗄닎폫헟ꆣWicketal.(1994:483)샻틦쿠맘헟폫릫쮾쿠맘솪,늢뢳폨릫쮾틔틢틥ꆣ웳튵펦뛔샻틦쿠맘헟뗄뢣샻돐떣쏷쿔뗄퓰죎;믲헟샻틦쿠맘헟뛔웳튵폐뗀뗂믲램싉짏뗄튪Langtry(1994:433)쟳좨ꆣ샻틦쿠맘헟쓜릻믲헽퓚쿲웳튵춶죫헦쪵ꆰ뛄힢ꆱ,쯻쏇믡쫜떽웳튵믮뚯쏷쿔믲잱퓚뗄펰쿬,Staffk(1994:90)튲뿉틔쏷쿔믲잱퓚뗘펰쿬웳튵믮뚯ꆣC샻틦쿠맘헟틑뺭퓚웳튵훐춶죫쇋튻킩쪵컯놾ꆢ죋솦놾ꆢ뷰죚놾믲ꆪ킩폐틢틥뗄볛횵larkson(1994:5)컯,늢틲듋뛸돐떣쇋ꆪ킩탎쪽뗄럧쿕,믲헟쮵,쯻쏇틲웳튵믮뚯뛸돐떣럧쿕ꆣClarkson(1995:106)샻틦쿠맘헟뛔웳튵벰웤믮뚯펵폐쯹폐좨믲헟쫜틦좨ꆣN¾isi(1995:19)샻틦쿠맘헟쫇폫웳튵폐맘쾵뗄죋,쯻쏇쪹웳튵퓋펪돉캪뿉쓜ꆣBrenner(1995:76,)샻틦쿠맘헟쓜릻펰쿬웳튵,폖쓜놻웳튵믮뚯쯹펰쿬ꆣDonaldson&Preston(1995:85)샻틦쿠맘헟쫇쓇킩퓚릫쮾믮뚯뗄맽돌훐벰믮뚯놾짭폐뫏램샻틦뗄죋믲췅쳥ꆣ듓뇭훐뗄뚨틥살뾴,뺭볃톧헟쏇퓚ퟜ쳥짏뛔웳튵샻틦쿠맘헟뗄뾴램믹놾튻훂,벴쯻쏇죏캪샻틦쿠맘헟폫웳튵듦퓚ퟅ샻틦쿠맘뗄맘쾵,쯻쏇뗄샻틦믡쫜웳튵짺닺뺭펪뗄펰쿬,뛸웳튵뗄듦퓚튲폫쯻쏇뗄샻틦쿠맘ꆣ떫쫇,퓚웳튵샻틦쿠맘헟떽뗗냼삨쓄킩훷쳥,뺭볃톧헟쏇늢쎻폐쏷좷횸돶ꆣ퇮죰쇺뫍훜튵낲죏캪헢킩뚨틥뿉틔맩쓉돶죽샠뾴램:뗚튻샠쫇ퟮ뿭랺뗄뚨틥,벴랲쫇쓜펰쿬웳튵믮뚯믲놻웳튵믮뚯쯹펰쿬뗄죋믲췅쳥뚼쫇샻틦쿠맘헟,막뚫ꆢ햮좨죋ꆢ맍풱ꆢ릩펦짌ꆢ쿻럑헟ꆢ헾뢮늿쏅ꆢꆤ16ꆤ' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
냗퓆쾼뗈ꆡ웳튵웵풼뗄샻틦쿠맘헟쒣탍쿠맘뗄짧믡ퟩ횯뫍짧믡췅쳥ꆢ훜뇟뗄짧믡돉풱뗈뗈,좫뚼쓉죫듋랶돫;뗚뛾샠뚨틥짔햭킩,벴랲쫇폫웳튵폐횱뷓맘쾵뗄죋믲췅쳥닅쫇샻틦쿠맘헟,뚨틥업돽쇋헾뢮늿쏅ꆢ짧믡ퟩ횯벰짧믡췅쳥ꆢ짧믡돉풱뗈;뗚죽샠뚨틥ퟮ햭,쯼죏캪횻폐퓚웳튵훐쿂쇋ꆰ뛄힢ꆱ뗄죋믲췅쳥닅쫇샻틦쿠맘헟ꆣ컒쏇죏캪,튪뷢뻶뛔헢킩ꆰ샻틦쿠맘헟ꆱ뚨틥뗄샭뷢컊쳢,쫗쿈펦쏷좷틔쿂벸룶맘볼듊뗄샭뷢:(1)죋뫍췅쳥ꆣ폐킩뚨틥붫샻틦쿠맘헟뚨틥캪ꆰ죋ꆱ,폐킩붫샻틦쿠맘헟뚨틥캪ꆰ췅쳥ꆱ,폐킩퓲솽헟뷔뻣\[1\]ꆣ컒쏇죏캪,웳튵샻틦쿠맘헟볈뿉틔쫇ꆰ죋ꆱ,튲뿉틔쫇ꆰ췅쳥ꆱ,뛔샻틦쿠맘헟뚨틥뗄샭뷢펦퓚헢튻뗣짏춳튻웰살,뮻뻤뮰쮵,뿉틔늻ힷ뺿샻틦쿠맘헟뗄훷쳥탎쪽;(2)뫏풼맘쾵ꆣ뺭볃톧훐뗄뫏풼폐쪱뷶뷶냼몬쿔탔뫏풼(explicitcontracts),뛸폐쪱폖춬쪱냼몬쿔탔뫏풼뫍틾탔뫏풼(implicit\[12\]contracts)ꆣ쫂쪵짏,뫏풼펦룃늻뷶냼삨쿔탔뫏풼,죧컄놾뫏춬,뛸쟒튲냼삨틾탔뫏풼,죧뿚춷킭틩믲쒬죏뗈ꆣ(3)닺뫍ꆰ뛄힢ꆱꆣ퓚짏쫶뚨틥훐,ꆰ뛄힢ꆱ횸뗄뻍쫇샻틦쿠맘헟춶죫떽웳튵훐뗄닺ꆣ믡볆톧짏튻냣붫닺뚨틥캪ꆰ쓜캪웳튵듸살캴살뺭볃샻틦뗄쓜릻폃믵뇒볆솿뗄뺭볃풴ꆱ,내듋,닺뷶뷶쫇횸쪵컯풴ꆢ닆컱풴ꆣ쪵볊짏,헢훖뚨틥쫇맽폚쿁낯뗄,쳘뇰쫇폃폚럖컶웳튵웵풼쪱,헢훖뚨틥뗄뻖쿞탔폈웤춻돶ꆣ믡볆톧짏붫ꆰ뿉믵뇒볆솿ꆱퟷ캪ꆰ닺ꆱ뗄쿞뚨쳵볾횮튻,웤풭틲퓚폚믡볆톧놾짭뗄뻖쿞ꆣ컒쏇죏캪,횻튪쓜캪웳튵듸살캴살뺭볃샻틦뗄쓜솦뻹캪닺,틲듋,닺늻뷶냼삨쪵컯풴뫍닆컱풴,뛸쟒튲냼삨죋솦풴ꆢ짧믡릫릲풴틔벰맘쾵풴뗈ꋙꆣ틔짏죽랽쏦맘볼듊뗄샭뷢죧맻뿉틔뷓쫜뗄뮰,쓇쎴,뺭볃톧헟쏇쯹쳡돶뗄27훖ꆰ샻틦쿠맘헟ꆱ룅쓮뻹뿉샭뷢캪:웳튵샻틦쿠맘헟냼삨막뚫ꆢ뺭샭죋풱ꆢ햮좨죋ꆢ릩펦짌ꆢ쿻럑헟ꆢ릤죋틔벰짧믡릫훚뗈,튲뻍쫇뇊헟퓚짏컄쯹럖컶뗄ꆰ샻틦쿠맘헟ꆱ뗄몭틥ꆣ쯼폫퇮죰쇺뫍훜튵낲쯹붲뗄ꆰퟮ뿭랺뗄뚨틥ꆱ뗄닮뇰뻍퓚폚뫳헟냼삨쇋헾뢮늿쏅ꆣ헾뢮쫇럱캪웳튵뗄샻틦쿠맘헟,컒쏇뛔듋돖럱뚨뗄맛뗣,틲캪헾뢮쪵볊짏늢쎻폐쯼ퟔ벺쏷좷뗄샻틦,쯼쪵볊짏쫇좫쳥짧믡돉풱뗄ퟩ뫏탎쪽\[13\],튲뻍쫇쯹폐짏쫶뗄웳튵샻틦쿠맘헟뗄ퟩ뫏탎쪽,헾뢮뗄샻틦좡뻶폚헢킩릹돉헾뢮뗄샻틦쿠맘헟뗄샻틦돥춻폫킭뗷ꆣ죽ꆢ샻틦쿠맘헟폫웳튵쯹폐좨뷡릹웳튵샻틦쿠맘헟뗄랶캧틔벰쯻쏇횮볤뗄샻틦맘쾵,뻶뚨쇋웳튵쯹폐좨뗄뷡릹ꆣ퓚뺭볃톧컄쿗훐,쯹폐좨볈횸뛔쒳훖닆닺뗄쯹폐좨,튲횸뛔웳튵뗄쯹폐좨ꆣ쯤좻뻸듳뛠쫽퇐뺿웳튵샭싛뗄톧헟뚼쏷냗닆닺쯹폐좨폫웳튵쯹폐좨쫇늻춬뗄,떫쏷좷뗘냑솽헟쟸뇰뾪살뛔샭뷢웳튵훆뛈낲업살쮵죔쫇럇뎣훘튪뗄ꆣ내헕헅캬펭뗄뷢쫍,닆닺쯹폐좨폫ꆰ닺좨ꆱ쫇뗈볛룅쓮,쯼쏇횸뗄쫇뛔룸뚨닆닺뗄햼폐좨ꆢ쪹폃좨ꆢ쫕틦좨뫍죃좨,뛸뛔폚웳튵쯹폐좨,늻춬뗄뺭볃톧볒퓲폐늻춬뗄뷢쫍\[14\]ꆣ퓚웳튵샭싛뗄퓧웚컄쿗훐,뺭볃톧볒쫇틔ꆰ쪣폠쯷좡좨ꆱ살뚨틥웳튵쯹폐좨ꆣ쪣폠쯷좡좨횸뗄쫇뛔웳튵쫕죫퓚뿛돽쯹폐만뚨뗄뫏춬횧뢶(죧풭닄쇏돉놾ꆢ만뚨릤ꆢ샻쾢뗈)뫳뗄폠뛮(ꆰ샻죳ꆱ)뗄튪쟳좨,쪣폠쫇늻좷뚨뗄ꆢ쎻폐놣횤뗄,틲듋웳튵뗄쪣폠쯷좡헟튲뻍쫇웳튵뗄럧쿕돐떣헟ꆣ1986쓪,룱싞쮹싼뫍맾쳘퓚ꆶ쯹폐좨뗄돉놾뫍쫕틦:ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뫍뫡쿲튻쳥뮯뗄샭싛ꆷ튻컄훐횸돶,ꆰ떱뛔튻랽떱쫂죋뛸퇔,튪튻튻쇐돶쯻쾣췻믱뗃뗄뛔쇭튻랽떱쫂죋닺뗄쯹폐쳘뚨좨샻헢퇹ퟶ돉놾룟낺쪱,쯻릺싲돽쇋퓚웵풼훐쳘뇰횸쏷횮췢뗄쯹폐좨샻캪폅ꆣꆱ\[15\뿉]볻,룱싞쮹싼뫍맾쳘붫웳튵쯹폐좨뚨틥캪웵풼훐쎻폐쳘뇰맦뚨뗄믮뚯뗄좨샻,벴ꆰ쪣폠뿘훆좨ꆱꋚꆣ쒿잰,튻냣죏캪웳튵쯹폐좨냼삨쪣폠쯷좡좨뫍쪣폠뿘훆좨솽랽쏦,웤믹놾틀뻝퓚폚웳튵웵풼뗄늻췪좫탔ꆣ평폚웳튵쏦뛔뗄쫇튻룶늻ꋙ믡볆톧캴쓜뛔죋솦풴ꆢ짧믡릫릲풴틔벰맘쾵풴뗈뷸탐잡떱뗄좷죏ꆢ볆솿폫엻슶,늢늻쓜쮵쏷쯼쏇늻쫇닺,랴맽살헢잡잡쮵쏷떱잰믡볆톧뗄뻖쿞탔ꆣ떱좻,탭뛠톧헟틑뺭퓚헢킩랽쏦뷸탐쇋뛠랽쏦뗄퇐뺿ꆣ쪵볊짏,퓚죋샠뗄볆솿쪷,믵뇒떥캻튲늻쫇캨튻뗄볆솿떥캻,쪵컯볆솿떥캻튲퓸뺭쫇훘튪뗄볆솿떥캻\[19\];훁뷱캪횹,죋샠뮹컞램췪좫닉폃믵뇒떥캻뷸탐볆솿ꆣꋚ룱싞쮹싼뫍맾쳘쎻폐쏷좷쟸럖닆닺쯹폐좨뫍웳튵쯹폐좨,떫뿉틔듓쯻쏇뗄싛쫶훐뾴돶쯻쏇뛔웳튵쯹폐좨뗄샭뷢ꆣꆤ17ꆤ' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
닆뺭싛듔ꆡ2005쓪뗚5웚좷뚨뗄캴살쫀뷧,튪쪹쯹폐웳튵웵풼닎폫헟뚼뗃떽만뚨뗄뫏춬쫕죫쫇늻뿉쓜뗄,웤훐뇘뚨듦퓚쪣폠쯷좡좨;뛸떱늻좷뚨뗄쪵볊ힴ첬돶쿖쪱,뇘탫폐죋뛔웵풼짐캴쏷좷뗄좨샻뷸탐쪵쪩,튲뻍쫇ꆰ쪣폠뿘훆좨ꆱꆣ웵풼뿉틔맦뚨쯹폐닎폫헟뚼펵폐쪣폠쯷좡좨,떫늻뿉쓜맦뚨쯹폐닎폫헟뚼쫇만뚨쫕죫쯷좡헟;춬퇹,웵풼뿉틔맦뚨쯹폐닎폫헟뚼펵폐쪣폠뿘훆좨,떫늻뿉쓜맦뚨쯹폐닎폫헟뚼늻펵폐쪣폠뿘훆좨\[14\]ꆣ좻뛸,웳튵쯹폐좨평쪣폠쯷좡좨뫍쪣폠뿘훆좨릹돉뗄맛뗣늢쎻폐뗃떽튻훂뗄죏뿉ꆣ퇮죰쇺뫍훜튵낲죏캪,웳튵웵풼닎폫헟폐좨믱뗃쪣폠,늢늻튻뚨틢캶ퟅ쯻튻뚨쓜믱뗃,쪣폠쯷좡좨뗄쪵쿖뮹튪틀삵쿠펦뗄뿘훆좨ꆣ뿘훆좨뗄듦퓚틢캶ퟅ튻랽탐캪뛔쇭튻랽쯰틦뗄펰쿬,쯼춨뎣냼삨볠뚽좨ꆢ춶욱좨뗈,쯼뿉틔쫇쏷좷횸뚨뗄,튲뿉틔쫇낵몬뗄,떫쯼튻뚨폫웳튵뻶닟폐맘ꆣ틲듋,웳튵쯹폐좨펦룃냼삨쪣폠쯷좡좨뫍뿘훆좨ꆣ헢퇹,쯻쏇붫웳튵쯹폐좨훐뗄ꆰ쪣폠뿘훆좨ꆱ삩햹캪ꆰ뿘훆좨ꆱꆣ춬쪱,쯻쏇뛔룱싞쮹싼뫍맾쳘폃쪣폠뿘훆좨살뚨틥웳튵쯹폐좨뷸탐쇋움싛,죏캪ꆰ헦헽퓋폃룃뚨틥살럖컶웳튵훎샭뷡릹쪱좴믡폶떽쓑틔뿋럾뗄삧쓑ꆱ,늢룸돶쇋솽랽쏦뗄풭틲:ꆰ쫗쿈,내헕룃샭싛싟벭,웵풼훐틑쏷좷횸뚨뗄믮뚯뗄뻶닟좨뻍늻쫴폚웳튵쯹폐좨랶캧,떫탭뛠햽싔탔뗄훘듳뻶닟좨췹췹퓚릫쮾램뫍릫쮾헂돌훐뚼틑ퟷ쇋쏷좷뗄횸뚨,죧죎쏼뫍뷢맍뺭샭뗄좨샻ꆢ뫏늢뫍쟥쯣뗄좨샻ꆢ훘듳춶좨뗈ꆣ웤듎,쯻쏇뗄쪣폠뿘훆좨룅쓮ퟜ쫇폫럇죋솦놾쿠솪쾵뗄,ꆭꆭ좻뛸샭싛짏뿉틔횤쏷,쫔춼쏷좷죎뫎룶쳥뗄죎뫎떥뛀뗄쪣폠뿘훆좨쫇늻뿉쓜뗄ꆣ쫂쪵짏,막뚫뗄뿘훆좨ퟜ쫇쫜떽퇏룱뗄쿞훆,헦헽펵폐쪣폠뿘훆좨뗄뎣뎣쫇뚭쫂ꆢ뺭샭벰맍풱ꆣꆱ\[16\]컒쏇죏캪,ퟷ캪튻훖쯹폐좨,웳튵쯹폐좨폫닆닺쯹폐좨뻟폐쿠춬뗄놾훊쳘탔ꆣ닆닺쯹폐좨쫇뛔룸뚨닆닺뗄햼폐좨ꆢ쪹폃좨ꆢ쫕틦좨뫍죃좨,뛸뻶뚨헢킩뻟쳥좨샻뗄맘볼틲쯘쫇샻틦맘쾵ꆣ춬퇹,웳튵쯹폐좨뗄맘볼튲퓚폚샻틦맘쾵,맊웳튵훐쓜릻펰쿬쯻죋샻틦뗄좨샻뚼퓚웳튵쯹폐좨뗄랶돫횮쓚ꆣ쪵볊짏,헢훖맛뗣퓧틑뺭놻뿆쮹쯹죏뿉늢폨틔쇋퓋폃ꆣ뇈죧,쯻퓚1960쓪랢뇭뗄ꆶ짧믡돉놾컊쳢ꆷ튻컄훐,뻍붫펰쿬쯻죋쯰틦뗄탐캪쫓캪짺닺튪쯘뫍좨샻\[17\];뗂쒷죻듄퓚1967쓪뗄ꆶ맘폚닺좨뗄샭싛ꆷ튻컄훐튲횸돶:닺좨뻍쫇튻룶죋믲웤쯻죋쫕틦믲쫜쯰뗄좨샻ꆣ믹폚헢훖뛔웳튵쯹폐좨뗄샭뷢,컒쏇쫗쿈춬틢붫ꆰ쪣폠뿘훆좨ꆱ삩햹캪ꆰ뿘훆좨ꆱ\[18\]ꆣ뗄좷,웳튵쪣폠폐뛠짙ꆢ쪣폠쯷좡좨쓜럱쪵쿖,폫웳튵뗄쯹폐뻶닟쿠맘ꆣ만좻,늿럖뻶닟틑뺭퓚웵풼훐쏷좷,떫쫇쯼쓜럱뗃떽폐킧뗄횴탐,튻랽쏦폐삵폚웳튵뺭펪헟뗄뻟쳥횴탐,쇭튻랽쏦퓲폐삵폚뛔웳튵웵풼횴탐뗄볠뚽ꆣ튲뻍쫇쮵,맘폚웵풼훐좨샻뗄첸에ꆢ횴탐뫍볠뚽뗄맽돌,뻍쫇웵풼닎폫헟듓늻춬뗄뷇뛈싄탐웳튵쯹폐좨뗄맽돌ꆣ뫜쿔좻,튻쿮훘듳춶믮뚯뗄좨샻죧맻틑퓚웵풼훐쏷좷,죧맻쯼늻쫇웳튵쯹폐좨뗄릹돉늿럖,쓇쎴뺭펪헟캪뫎튻뚨튪내헕웳튵웵풼뗄쓚죝뷸탐싄탐,쿠맘웵풼닎폫헟캪뫎튪폨틔볠뚽쓘?웤듎,컒쏇죏캪웳튵쯹폐좨펦붫ꆰ쪣폠쯷좡좨ꆱ삩햹캪ꆰ쯷좡좨ꆱꆣ뗄좷,쪣폠쫇늻좷뚨뗄,쎻폐놣헏뗄,틲듋쪣폠쯷좡헟쫇웳튵럧쿕뗄돐떣헟ꆣ떫쫇,웳튵만뚨쫕죫헟춬퇹튲돐떣ퟅ웳튵뗄튻뚨럧쿕,틲캪만뚨쫕죫쓜럱좡뗃,뮹폐삵폚웳튵뗄뺭펪튵벨,늢쟒만뚨쫕죫벴쪹늻쓜좡뗃,쯻튲늻튻뚨쓜릻뗃떽쿠펦뗄늹뎥ꆣ뇈죧,쒳킩웳튵췏잷횰릤릤,횰릤늢쎻폐뗃떽웤쯻춾뺶뗄늹뎥ꆣ쿖폐웳튵샭싛횮쯹틔폃쪣폠쯷좡좨뚨틥웳튵쯹폐좨,웤풭틲퓚폚쯼붨솢퓚뫏춬만뚨쫕죫쫇뿉틔믱뗃뗄,죧맻늻쓜믱뗃,쯼뿉틔뗃떽쿠펦뗄늹뎥뗄볙짨횮짏ꆣ뛸쫂쪵짏,헢훖볙짨폫뿍맛쫂쪵쫇늻쿠럻뫏뗄ꆣ틲듋,만뚨쫕죫뗄웳튵웵풼닎폫헟튲쫇웳튵뗄럧쿕돐떣헟,쯻쏇춬퇹쫇웳튵쯹폐좨뗄펵폐헟ꆣ볈좻펵폐만뚨쫕죫좨샻뗄웳튵웵풼닎폫헟쫇웳튵쯹폐좨펵폐헟,쓇쎴,웳튵웵풼뗄웤쯻닎폫헟뇘좻튲쫇웳튵쯹폐좨뗄펵폐헟ꆣퟛ뫏틔짏럖컶,컒쏇죏캪웳튵쯹폐좨냼삨쯷좡좨뫍뿘훆좨솽랽쏦ꆣ늻맽,뷶뷶틔쯷좡좨뫍뿘훆좨살샭뷢웳튵쯹폐좨쫇맽폚쇽춳뗄,틲캪늻춬웳튵웵풼닎폫헟쯹돐떣뗄웳튵럧쿕쫇늻춬뗄,쯹펦룃쿭폐뗄쯷좡좨뫍뿘훆좨튲쫇늻춬뗄ꆣ캪쇋쓜릻짮죫럖컶웳튵쯹폐좨뷡릹,컒쏇붫쯷좡좨럖캪만뚨쯷좡좨ꆢ뇤뚯쯷좡좨뫍쪣폠쯷좡좨뗈죽샠,뿘훆좨죔좻쟸럖캪만뚨뿘ꆤ18ꆤ' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
냗퓆쾼뗈ꆡ웳튵웵풼뗄샻틦쿠맘헟쒣탍훆좨뫍쪣폠뿘훆좨뗈솽샠ꆣ쿖폐웳튵샭싛붫쯷좡좨럖캪믱뗃뫏춬만뚨쫕죫뗄쯷좡좨(벴캪만뚨쯷좡좨)뫍믱뗃뫏춬짐캴쏷좷맦뚨뗄늻만뚨뗄쫕죫뗄쪣폠쯷좡좨솽늿럖ꆣ쫂쪵짏,웳튵웵풼닎폫헟뿉쓜믱뗃튻훖뫏춬틑쏷좷뗄떫늻만뚨뗄쫕죫,죧횰릤뗄킧틦릤,쯼뗄놨돪좡뻶폚웳튵쯹쪵쿖뗄킧틦,뛸웳튵킧틦듓쪱볤탲쇐뗄뷇뛈살뾴쫇늻뛏뇤뮯뗄,틲뛸헢훖놨돪튲쫇뿉뇤뗄,쯼볈늻쫇만뚨쯷좡좨,튲늻쫇쪣폠쯷좡좨,컒쏇돆횮캪뇤뚯쯷좡좨ꆣ뇤뚯쯷좡좨폫틔짏솽훖쯷좡좨룷폐늻춬:뇤뚯쯷좡좨뫍만뚨쯷좡좨뗄쪵쿖뚼폅쿈폚쪣폠쯷좡좨,떱웳튵쫕죫뷶릻늿럖믲좫늿만뚨뫏춬횧뢶뫍뇤뚯뫏춬횧뢶쪱,쪣폠쯷좡좨뻍컞램뗃떽쪵쿖:쿠뛔폚만뚨쯷좡좨살쮵,뇤뚯쯷좡좨뻟폐룼듳뗄늻좷뚨탔,죧횰릤뗄킧틦릤,쯼늻뷶좡뻶폚헦헽쪵쿖뗄웳튵킧틦,뮹횱뷓좡뻶폚뛔헢훖웳튵킧틦뗄볆솿,뇈죧,내헕늻춬뗄볆솿맦퓲,춬튻룶뺭볃쫂쪵뿉틔볆솿돶솽훖늻춬뗄뺭볃킧틦뗄쫽뻝ꆣ틲듋,뇤뚯쯷좡좨쯹돐떣뗄럧쿕뷩폚만뚨쯷좡좨뫍쪣폠쯷좡좨솽헟횮볤ꆣ헢킩쯷좡좨죧뫎퓚샻틦쿠맘헟횮볤뷸탐럖엤,헢쫇튻룶웳튵웵풼첸에뗄뷡맻ꆣ룹뻝쒿잰뗄쫂쪵살뾴,헾뢮ꋙ쿲웳튵쫕좡뗄쮰럑믹놾짏쫇폫웳튵쫕죫믲샻죳쿠맘,맊훷튪쫇뇤뚯쯷좡좨,죧맻웤훐폐튻늿럖쫇만뚨뗄,쓇쎴쯼뻍퓶볓만뚨쯷좡좨헢튻샠탍;웳튵폃틔복짙뛔뮷뺳컛좾믲훎샭뮷뺳컛좾뗈뗄횧돶(짧믡릫훚),틔벰폃틔폫쿻럑헟뫍릩펦짌횱뷓릵춨믲맣룦뗄횧돶(쿻럑헟뫍릩펦짌),웤훐튻늿럖쫇만뚨뗄,튻늿럖퓲폫웳튵뗄짺닺솿쿠맘,틲듋,짧믡릫훚ꆢ쿻럑헟뫍릩펦짌쯤좻쎻폐듓웳튵뗄헢훖횧돶훐뗃떽횱뷓뗄닆컱샻틦,떫쯻쏇쯹펵폐뗄쪵훊짏죔쫇만뚨쯷좡좨뫍뇤뚯쯷좡좨;뺭샭뫍릤죋뗄만뚨릤퓲쫴폚만뚨쯷좡좨,뛸킧틦릤퓲쫴폚뇤뚯쯷좡좨,쒿잰튲틑뾪쪼돶쿖뺭샭닎폫웳튵ꆰퟮ뫳샻죳ꆱ뗄럖엤ꋚ,쿭폐웳튵쪣폠쯷좡좨;햮좨죋뗄놾뷰뫍샻쾢뚼쫴폚만뚨쯷좡좨,웳튵뛔퓚랢짺틔짏횧돶뫳뗄쪣폠펵폐럖엤좨,웳튵웵풼튻냣뛔죧뫎럖엤쎻폐쏷좷맦뚨,맊쯼쫴폚쪣폠쯷좡좨ꆣ퓙뾴뿘훆좨,쯼냼삨만뚨뿘훆좨뫍쪣폠뿘훆좨,웤훐,만뚨뿘훆좨횸뗄쫇웳튵웵풼훐쯹맦뚨뗄믮뚯뗄좨샻,뛸쪣폠뿘훆좨횸뗄쫇웳튵웵풼훐쯹쎻폐맦뚨뗄믮뚯뗄좨샻ꆣ헢솽훖늻춬뿘훆좨퓚쪵쪩랽쏦뻟폐뫜듳뗄닮틬:만뚨뿘훆좨뗄쪵쪩틀뻝퓚폚웳튵웵풼뗄맦뚨,뛸쪣폠뿘훆좨뗄쪵쪩췪좫틀삵뻶닟죋뗄훷맛틢쪶ꆣ튻냣살쮵,돽쇋막뚫뫍횱뷓ퟷ돶뺭펪뻶닟뗄뺭샭펵폐쪣폠뿘훆좨틔췢,웤폠뗄샻틦쿠맘헟뚼뷶뷶펵폐만뚨뿘훆좨ꆣ떱좻,쯻쏇쯹펵폐쯷좡좨퓚솿짏뗄닮틬,튲믡횱뷓펰쿬쯻쏇쯹펵폐뗄웳튵뿘훆좨뗄듳킡ꆣ훁폚뿘훆좨죧뫎퓚샻틦쿠맘헟횮볤뷸탐럖엤,쯼튲쫇튻룶샻틦쿠맘헟닎폫웳튵웵풼첸에뫳쯹좡뗃뗄뷡맻ꆣ뻝짏,웳튵쯹폐좨뷡릹뿉폃춼1살뇭쪾ꆣ춼1ꆡ웳튵쯹폐좨뷡릹쯄ꆢ웳튵쯹폐좨낲업:펰쿬틲쯘폫ힴ첬틀듦쳘헷웳튵쯹폐좨쫇평늻춬뗄쯷좡좨뫍뿘훆좨쯹릹돉뗄,헢킩뻟폐늻춬쳘헷뗄좨샻쫇죧뫎퓚웳튵샻틦ꋙ헾뢮쫇짧믡릫훚뗄듺뇭ꆣꋚꆰퟮ뫳샻죳ꆱ횸뗄쫇웳튵쫕죫횧뢶쯹폐만뚨횧돶뫍뇤뚯횧돶뫳뗄쪣폠ꆣꆤ19ꆤ' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
닆뺭싛듔ꆡ2005쓪뗚5웚쿠맘헟횮볤뷸탐럖엤뗄쓘?쿔좻,웳튵쯹폐좨낲업쫇웳튵웵풼닎폫헟ꋙ뗄첸에뷡맻ꆣퟷ캪튻훖웵풼,뛀솢닆닺좨ꆢ욽뗈폫ퟔ평쫇웳튵웵풼삵틔닺짺뗄믹놾잰쳡,틲캪웳튵웵풼뇘탫뻟놸죽룶믹놾잰쳡쳵볾:(1)닎폫헟뇘탫뛔ퟔ벺춶죫웳튵뗄풴펵폐쏷좷뗄닆닺좨ꆣ웳튵웵풼쫇늻춬훷쳥붻틗닆닺좨뗄튻훖랽쪽,쎻폐뛀솢닆닺좨뗄훷쳥쿔좻쫇컞램뷸탐붻틗뗄,ꆰ쎻폐닺좨ꋚ뗄죋쫇컞좨잩풼뗄ꆱ\[14\]ꆣ(2)닎폫헟횮볤쫇쿠뮥욽뗈뗄ꆣ뺡맜웳튵웵풼닎폫헟풭폐뗄풴?뢳뿉쓜듦퓚닮틬탔,떫쫇뻍웵풼믮뚯놾짭뛸퇔,쯻쏇쫇쿠뮥욽뗈뗄ꆣ룹뻝욽뗈풭퓲,닩쪿뚡쓡)붫웵풼뚨틥캪ꆰ쮫랽틢풸튻훂뛸닺짺쿠뮥볤램싉맘쾵뗄튻훖풼뚨ꆱ\[19\];샠쯆뗘,싞십램맦뚨:ꆰ웵풼퓆헟,뛾죋틔짏떱쫂죋틢쮼횮뫏훂,뛸틔짨뚨ꆢ뇤룼ꆢ놣뮤믲쿻쏰쒳훖램싉맘쾵캪쒿뗄헟튲ꆣꆱ\[20\뿉]볻,싞십램쯹잿뗷뗄떱쫂죋뫏풼뗄뛔뗈탔,튲쳥쿖쇋웵풼훷쳥뗄욽뗈탔ꆣ(3)웳튵웵풼쫇닎폫헟뗄ퟔ평틢횾뗄뷡맻,벴웳튵웵풼닎폫헟퓚쯻뗄샭탔랶캧쓚폐좨뻶뚨잩뚩뫏풼랽틔벰잩풼폫럱ꆢ폐좨뻶뚨뫏풼쓚죝뫍뫏풼랽쪽ꆣퟜ횮,뛀솢닆닺좨ꆢ욽뗈폫ퟔ평쫇웳튵웵풼삵틔닺짺뗄믹놾잰쳡,떫쫇,쯼쏇뮹컞램뻶뚨웳튵웵풼뛔웳튵쯹폐좨퓚닎폫헟횮볤뗄럖엤ꆣ컒쏇죏캪펰쿬웳튵쯹폐좨럖엤뗄틲쯘훷튪폐틔쿂냋랽쏦:1.훆뛈뮷뺳ꆣ쯼쫇튻쳗폃폚좷솢짺닺ꆢ붻뮻폫럖엤믹뒡뗄믹놾뗄헾훎ꆢ짧믡뫍램싉뗄맦퓲,헢킩훆뛈쪵볊짏쫇좫쳥짧믡돉풱샻틦돥춻폫킭뗷뗄뷡맻,쯼쫊폃폚헢룶짧믡훐뗄쯹폐뗄붻틗;뛸쯹폐뗄풴붻틗뚼쫇퓚쒳룶훆뛈쿂췪돉뗄,풴뗄ퟮ폐볛횵뗄쪹폃랽쪽틀삵폚훆뛈뮷뺳\[21\]ꆣ샽죧,죧맻램싉맦뚨맍풱뇘탫폐좨닎폫웳튵럖뫬늢펵폐닎폫뻶닟뗄좨샻,쓇쎴,웳튵웵풼퓚럖엤웳튵쯹폐좨쪱뇘탫뛔웤뷸탐ퟱ톭ꆣ떱좻,훆뛈쯹쳡릩뗄맦퓲춨뎣냼삨헽쪽맦퓲뫍럇헽쪽맦퓲\[22\],헽쪽맦퓲냼삨헾훎맦퓲ꆢ뺭볃맦퓲뗈,뛸럇헽쪽맦퓲퓲냼삨쾰쯗ꆢ컄뮯ꆢ뗀뗂뗈ꆣ컞싛쯼쏇뗄잿훆탔죧뫎,쯼쏇뚼붫믡뛔웳튵쯹폐좨낲업닺짺펰쿬ꆣ2.릩쟳맘쾵ꆣ웳튵웵풼쫇늻춬훷쳥붻틗닆닺좨뗄튻훖랽쪽,쯼볈좻쫇튻훖ꆰ붻틗ꆱ,뻍튪럾듓쫐뎡릩쟳맦싉뗄훆풼,벴늻춬훷쳥쯹펵폐풴뗄쫐뎡릩쟳맘쾵뻶뚨쇋쯻쏇뗄붻틗,폫쫐뎡붻틗쯹늻춬뗄쫇,릩쟳맘쾵뛔웳튵웵풼붻틗뗄펰쿬늻뷶쳥쿖퓚붻틗뗄볛룱짏,뛸쟒쳥쿖퓚늻춬훷쳥뛔웳튵쯷좡좨뫍뿘훆좨뗄낲업짏ꆣ퓚뒫춳웳튵샯,릤죋믹놾짏뚼횻쓃만뚨릤,벴쪹웳튵믱뗃쇋퓙뛠뗄쫕죫,릤죋튲컞램쿭폐,웤훐튻룶훘튪뗄풭틲뻍퓚폚릤죋샍뚯솦뗄쫐뎡릩룸듳듳뎬맽쫐뎡뛔릤죋샍뚯솦뗄탨쟳,헢듓쫀뷧룷맺붫쪧튵ퟷ캪튻룶훘튪뗄짧믡컊쳢살훎샭헢튻쿖쿳훐뗃떽쮵쏷;뛸쒿잰늻뛏펿쿖뗄쒳킩웦좱죋닅뾪쪼펵폐웳튵룼뛠뗄쯷좡좨뫍뿘훆좨,퓲듓쇭튻룶뷇뛈쮵쏷죋솦풴쫐뎡릩쟳뗄룄뇤붫믡펰쿬웳튵웵풼뛔웳튵쯹폐좨퓚죋솦풴쯹폐헟뫍럇죋솦풴쯹폐헟횮볤뗄럖엤ꆣ3.풴춶죫솿ꆣ샻틦쿠맘헟춶죫웳튵뗄풴뗄솿,튲횱뷓펰쿬웳튵쯹폐좨뗄럖엤ꆣ뫜쏷쿔,춶죫풴솿풽뛠뗄샻틦쿠맘헟,펵폐뗄웳튵쯹폐좨튲펦룃풽뛠ꆣ튻룶벫뛋뗄샽ퟓ쫇횻폐튻룶샻틦쿠맘헟뗄웳튵ꋛ헢룶샻틦쿠맘헟뻍펵폐쇋쯹폐뗄웳튵쯹폐좨;쇭췢,폫웳튵펵폐뎤웚뗄듳ퟚ싲싴맘쾵뗄쿻럑헟쿠뛔폚튻냣쇣쫛쿻럑헟살쮵,쯻춶죫웳튵뗄맘쾵풴뻍룼듳,틲뛸쯻튲펵폐룼뛠뗄웳튵쯹폐좨ꆣ폐톧헟죏캪,ꆰ떱튻룶냙췲뢻컌맍펶튻쏻놣쒷쪱,쮫랽뗄첸에솦횮탼쫢,쪹뗃놣쒷횻폐돉캪볛룱뷓쫜헟,뛸뢻컌ퟔ좻쫇볛룱뻶뚨헟ꆣꆱ\[21\컒]쏇죏캪,헢훖맛뗣횵뗃짌좶ꆣ냙췲뢻컌쯤좻펵폐뻞뛮뗄닆뢻,떫쯻쎻폐듲쯣폃쯹폐뗄닆뢻살맍펶놣쒷,벴쯻쎻폐듲쯣붫웤쯹폐뗄풴뻹춶죫떽헢튻붻틗횮훐,헢튲늻믡횱뷓펰쿬쯻쏇횮볤뗄붻틗,뛸뻶뚨쮭쫇볛룱뗄뻶뚨헟ꆢ쮭쫇볛룱뗄뷓쫜헟,퓲훷튪쫇놣쒷뗄쫐뎡릩룸폫탨쟳뗄맘쾵ꆣ헢뻍죧냙췲뢻컌뫍웲?릲춬춶튻룶웳튵,쯤좻냙췲뢻컌펵폐뗄닆뢻뇈웲?뛠뗃뛠,떫쫇,횻튪쯻쏇춶죫룃웳튵뗄풴쫇튻퇹뛠,쓇쎴쯻쏇뛔웳튵뻍펦룃펵폐쿠뗈뗄쯹폐좨ꆣꋙ첸에돉릦뫳,헢킩웳튵웵풼닎폫헟돉캪쇋웳튵뗄샻틦쿠맘헟ꆣꋚ헢샯뗄ꆰ닺좨ꆱ횸뗄쫇닆닺좨ꆣꋛ퓚쿖쪵훐,헢퇹뗄웳튵쫇늻듦퓚뗄,틲캪죎뫎튻룶웳튵뇘좻뚼믡폫짧믡릫훚랢짺샻틦맘쾵ꆣꆤ20ꆤ' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
냗퓆쾼뗈ꆡ웳튵웵풼뗄샻틦쿠맘헟쒣탍4.풴뗄탅뫅쿔쪾믺훆ꆣ샻틦쿠맘헟춶죫웳튵뗄풴,횻폐퓚쯼뗄훊ꋙ뫍솿놻뇰죋헦헽뗃횪쪱닅쓜뛔웳튵쯹폐좨낲업닺짺펰쿬,뛸쯼좡뻶폚늻춬풴뗄탅뫅쿔쪾믺훆ꋚꆣ튻냣살쮵,닆컱풴뗄훊뫍솿쫇뫜죝틗놻뇰죋쯹쪶뇰뗄,뛸죋솦풴뗄훊뫍솿퓲뫜쓑놻쪶뇰,벴뇰죋뫜쓑좷쟐횪뗀튻룶뺭샭믲릤죋쓜릻룉킩쪲쎴ꆢ얬솦돌뛈죧뫎,뗈뗈ꆣ튲헽쫇헢룶풭틲,퓚웳튵웵풼뗄돵듎첸에훐,죋솦풴쯹폐헟췹췹늻쓜뗃떽펦폐뗄웳튵쯹폐좨ꋛꆣ뛸횻쓜뷓쫜튻룶ꆰ늻욽뗈ꆱ뗄웵풼ꋜ;쯦ퟅ쪱볤뗄췆틆,죋솦풴뗄훊뫍솿쯦ퟅ죋솦풴쯹폐헟뗄뻟쳥탐뚯뛸뗃떽쿔쿖,헢퇹,퓚웳튵쯹폐좨낲업뗄퓙듎첸에훐,죋솦풴쯹폐헟뻍쓜릻뗃떽쿠뛔살쮵룼캪릫욽뗄웵풼낲업ꆣ5.풴뿉뗖톺탔ꆣ샻틦쿠맘헟쯤좻뚼붫ퟔ벺쯹펵폐뗄풴춶죫떽웳튵훐,떫쫇평폚닺뿉뗖톺탔뗄늻춬,샻틦쿠맘헟쯹돐떣뗄럧쿕튲쫇늻춬뗄ꆣ듓웵풼뗄욽뗈폫ퟔ평뗄뷇뛈살뾴,돐떣뷏듳럧쿕뗄샻틦쿠맘헟,뇘탫펵폐뷏뛠뗄웳튵쯹폐좨ꆣ튻냣살쮵,막뚫뫍햮좨죋뗄닆컱풴뻟폐췪좫뗄뿉뗖톺탔,뛸죋솦풴뗄뿉뗖톺탔쿠뛔살쮵뻍닮튻킩ꋝꆣ뛸짧믡릫훚춶죫뗄뮷뺳풴퓲뿉틔쮵쎻폐죎뫎뗄뿉뗖톺탔ꆣ6.닺폃탔ꆣ샻틦쿠맘헟쯹돐떣뗄럧쿕돽쇋폫풴뿉뗖톺탔쿠맘틔췢,뮹폫닺폃탔쿠맘ꆣ뺭볃톧헟쏇틑뺭죏쪶떽닺폃탔뛔웳튵웵풼뗄훘튪탔,죧췾솮쒷즭붫닺폃탔ퟷ캪뻶뚨붻틗럑폃뗄훷튪틲쯘\[24\]ꆣ죧맻쒳쿮닺뛔쒳쿮춶뻟폐폃탔,떱붫웤얲ퟷ쯼폃쪱뻍믡듳듳뇡횵ꆣ닺뗄폃탔쳘헷퓚솽훖늻춬뗄쟩뿶쿂믡뛔웳튵쯹폐좨낲업닺짺늻춬뗄펰쿬:튻쫇퓚웳튵웵풼첸에쪱,닺폃탔뻶뚨쇋첸에닎폫헟쯹펵폐풴뗄훊뗄쳘탔,쯼뛔웳튵웵풼뗄펰쿬횱뷓좡뻶폚쫐뎡뗄릩쟳맘쾵,횻늻맽닺폃탔뗄듦퓚뷸튻늽잿뮯쇋헢훖릩쟳맘쾵;뛾쫇죧맻웳튵웵풼첸에좡뗃돉릦,웳튵춶폚폃탔뫜잿뗄닺,웤훐뿉뗖톺탔닮뗄닺뗄쯹폐헟뿉쓜틔췋돶웵풼쿠튪킮,쪹잿뗖톺탔뗄닺쏦쇙뻞듳쯰쪧뗄럧쿕ꆣ캪쇋쏖늹헢훖럧쿕,잿뗖톺탔닺쯹폐헟뇘좻튪쟳룼뛠뗄웳튵쯹폐좨ꆣ7.럧쿕톡퓱ꆣ평폚죋뗄폐쿞샭탔틔벰퓚웤쯹펵폐뗄닆뢻뫍뛔캴살뗄탅쓮짏듦퓚닮틬,늻춬죋뛔춬튻웳튵믲쿮쒿뗄킧틦뫍럧쿕뗄움볛듦퓚닮틬,쯻쏇쯹풸틢돐떣뗄럧쿕튲듦퓚닮틬,평듋,벴쪹펵폐췪좫쿠춬닺뗄웳튵웵풼첸에헟,평폚쯻쏇뛔럧쿕톡퓱뗄늻춬,훂쪹쯻쏇쯹펵폐뗄쯹폐좨튲늻쿠춬ꆣퟮ뗤탍뗄샽ퟓ죧막뚫뫍햮좨죋,쯻쏇쯹펵폐뗄닺뚼쫇닆컱풴,평폚쯻쏇럧쿕톡퓱뗄늻춬,웤훐풸틢돐떣룼듳럧쿕뗄돉캪막뚫,쯻튲뇣펵폐쇋룼뛠뗄웳튵쯹폐좨;늻풸틢돐떣룼듳럧쿕뗄돉캪햮좨죋,쿠뛔살쮵,쯻쯹펵폐뗄웳튵쯹폐좨뻍튪짙뗃뛠ꆣ8.ퟩ횯뮯돌뛈ꆣ틔짏웟룶랽쏦뗄틲쯘듓쎿룶샻틦쿠맘헟쯹춶죫웳튵닺뗄쫽솿뫍훊솿랽쏦,쳥쿖돶쎿룶샻틦쿠맘헟쯹펵폐뗄웳튵쯹폐좨ꆣ평폚샻틦쿠맘헟횮볤뗄샻틦쫇쿠뮥돥춻뗄,캪쇋캬뮤ퟔ벺뗄샻틦늻퓢쫜쯰몦,쎿룶샻틦쿠맘헟뚼벫솦캬뮤ퟔ벺뗄좨틦,늢뺡솿볓듳웤뛔쯹폐좨낲업뗄펰쿬ꆣ좻뛸,ퟷ캪웳튵샻틦쿠맘헟뗄웕춨돉풱,쯻뫜쓑뛔웳튵쯹폐좨뗄낲업닺짺죎뫎쪵훊탔뗄펰쿬ꆣ헢퇹,샻틦쿠맘헟돽쇋뿉틔퓶볓뛔웳튵뗄풴춶죫솿틔췢ꋞ,쯻뮹톰쟳폫웤쯻샻틦쿠맘헟뗄뫏ퟷꆣ떱좻,쯻쏇쫗튪뗄뫏ퟷ뛔쿳뻍쫇춬샠뗄샻틦쿠맘헟,죧막뚫횮볤뗄뫏ퟷ탎돉춶헟킭믡ꆢ횰릤횮볤뗄뫏ퟷ탎돉릤믡ꆢ짧믡릫훚횮볤뗄뫏ퟷ탎돉뮷뺳놣뮤킭믡뗈;쇭췢,쯻쏇뮹뿉틔폫늻춬샠탍뗄샻틦ꋙ풴뗄훊쫇쫐뎡릩쟳맘쾵뗄뻶뚨탔믹뒡ꆣꋚ헅캬펭춨맽볙뚨룶죋퓚뺭펪쓜솦ꆢ룶죋닆뢻뫍럧쿕첬뛈뗈랽쏦듦퓚닮틬,춨맽랢햹놾탅뫅쒣탍살퇐뺿웳튵쯹폐좨뗄낲업\[23\ꆣ]ꋛ죧맻죋솦풴뗄훊뫍솿틑돤럖놻뇰죋쯹뗃횪,늻욽뗈웵풼뻍늻튻뚨쓜릻닺짺ꆣꋜ퇮죰쇺ꆢ훜튵낲죏캪,맍풱돉캪튻룶만뚨뗄쫕죫헟,쫇쯻럅웺뛔웳튵쯹폐좨튪쟳뗄뷡맻ꆣ컒쏇죏캪,맍풱뿉틔믱뗃만뚨뗄쫕죫튲쫇쯻펵폐웳튵쯹폐좨뗄뻟쳥쳥쿖,쯻늢쎻폐췪좫럅웺뛔웳튵쯹폐좨뗄튪쟳,횻늻맽믱뗃뗄웳튵쯹폐좨뇈쯻펦룃믱뗃뗄튪짙\[31\ꆣ]ꋝ쿖폐웳튵샭싛틑죏쪶떽,죋솦풴폫웤쯹폐헟늻뿉럖샫,맊쯼뗄뿉뗖톺탔뇈닆컱풴닮ꆣꋞ평폚쎿룶샻틦쿠맘헟쯹펵폐뗄풴쫇폐쿞뗄,틲듋,쯻쓜릻춶죫떽웳튵훐뗄풴튲쫇폐쿞뗄ꆣ헢뇭쏷쯻늻뿉쓜컞쿞훆뗘춨맽퓶볓뛔웳튵뗄풴춶죫뛸잿뮯웤뛔웳튵쯹폐좨낲업뗄펰쿬ꆣꆤ21ꆤ' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
닆뺭싛듔ꆡ2005쓪뗚5웚쿠맘헟뷸탐뫏ퟷ,횻튪쯻쏇횮볤쓜릻좡뗃틢볻짏뗄튻훂ꆣ쿔좻,샻틦쿠맘헟톰쟳뫏ퟷ뗄킧맻죧뫎,벴쯻쏇뗄ퟩ횯뮯돌뛈죧뫎,횱뷓펰쿬웳튵쯹폐좨뗄낲업ꆣ떱좻,ퟩ횯뮯돌뛈풽룟,쿠펦뗄샻틦쿠맘헟뻍펵폐풽뛠뗄쯹폐좨,랴횮퓲랴횮ꆣퟜ뗄살쮵,웳튵쯹폐좨뗄낲업쫇퓚훆뛈뮷뺳ꆢ릩쟳맘쾵ꆢ풴춶죫솿ꆢ풴뗄탅뫅쿔쪾믺훆ꆢ풴뗄뿉뗖톺탔ꆢ닺폃탔뫍럧쿕톡퓱틔벰ퟩ횯뮯돌뛈뗈냋룶틲쯘뗄릲춬ퟷ폃쿂,춨맽닎폫헟뗄첸에뛸탎돉뗄ꆣ평폚헢냋룶틲쯘쪼훕뒦폚뇤뚯맽돌횮훐,틲듋,웳튵쯹폐좨낲업튲쫇튻룶뚯첬뗄맽돌,늢늻쫇튻돉늻뇤뗄ꆣ퓚웳튵웵풼훐,늻춬샻틦쿠맘헟펵폐늻춬뗄웳튵쯹폐좨,벴펵폐늻춬뗄쯷좡좨뫍뿘훆좨ꆣ늻춬샻틦쿠맘헟뗄쯷좡좨뗄쪵쿖듦퓚ퟅ쿈뫳훈탲,듓뛸쪹웳튵쯹폐좨퓚뿘훆좨짏돊쿖돶ꆰힴ첬틀듦ꆱ(state2contingent)뗄쳘헷ꆣ헅캬펭뛔ힴ첬틀듦쯹폐좨ퟷ쇋죧쿂뻟쳥쮵쏷:쇮x캪웳튵뗄ퟜ쫕죫,w캪펦룃횧뢶릤죋뗄뫏춬릤,r캪햮좨죋뗄뫏춬횧뢶(놾뷰볓샻쾢)ꆣ볙뚨x퓚0떽X횮볤럖늼(웤훐X쫇ퟮ듳뿉쓜뗄쫕죫),릤죋뗄쯷좡좨폅쿈폚햮좨죋ꆣ쓇쎴,ힴ첬틀듦쯹폐좨쮵뗄쫇,죧맻웳튵뒦폚ꆰxΕw+rꆱ뗄ힴ첬,막뚫쫇쯹폐헟;죧맻웳튵뒦폚ꆰwΦx<w+rꆱ뗄ힴ첬,햮좨죋쫇쯹폐헟:죧맻웳튵뒦폚ꆰx<wꆱ뗄ힴ첬,릤죋쫇쯹폐헟ꆣ뷸튻늽,평폚볠뚽뺭샭쫇탨튪돉놾뗄,막뚫횻튪쟳튻룶ꆰ싺틢샻죳ꆱ(듦퓚듺샭돉놾쿂뗄ퟮ듳샻죳),횻튪웳튵샻죳듳폚헢룶싺틢샻죳,막뚫뻍쎻폐탋좤룉짦뺭샭,뺭샭뻍뿉쓜쯦틢뗘횧뢶뎬뛮샻죳(죧폃폚퓚횰쿻럑)ꆣ볙뚨ꛐ쫇헢퇹튻룶싺틢샻죳,쓇쎴,컒쏇뮹뿉틔쮵,죧맻웳튵뒦폚ꆰxΕw+r+ꛐꆱ뗄ힴ첬,뺭샭쫇쪵볊뗄쯹폐헟\[14\]ꆣ떱좻,헢룶웳튵쯹폐좨ힴ첬틀듦쳘헷쯹쏨쫶뗄뷶뷶냼삨막뚫ꆢ뺭샭ꆢ햮좨죋뫍릤죋,죧맻컒쏇듓샻틦쿠맘헟뗄뷇뛈살뾴,쓇쎴,웳튵쯹폐좨ힴ첬틀듦횸뗄쫇뒦폚쿠뛔폅쿈쪵쿖쯷좡좨훈탲짏뗄샻틦쿠맘헟,죧맻쯻뗄쯷좡좨캴쓜뗃떽좫늿쪵쿖,쓇쎴쯻쯹펵폐뗄뛔웳튵뗄뿘훆좨뻍믡퓚웳튵훐랢믓ퟷ폃,듓뛸돉캪쪵훊짏뗄웳튵쯹폐헟ꆣ듓샻틦쿠맘헟뗄뷇뛈,컒쏇뿉뛔웳튵쯹폐좨ힴ첬틀듦쳘헷ퟷ죧쿂뗄쏨쫶:볙짨웳튵평n룶돽막뚫틔췢뗄샻틦쿠맘헟(R)릹돉,웳튵웵풼첸에뗄뷡맻맦뚨쯻쏇쯷좡좨쪵쿖뗄쿈뫳쮳탲캪R1,R2,ꆭ,Rn,웳튵쯹뛔펦뗄횧뢶뗄솿캪I1,I2,ꆭ,In,웳튵쫕죫캪x(0ΦxΦX,X캪웳튵뿉쓜뗄ퟮ듳쫕죫),m룸뚨m:ꇆ-1IiΦx<Iii=ꇆli=l쓇쎴:Rm쫇웳튵쪵훊짏뗄쯹폐헟ꆣ죧맻m-1Εn,쓇쎴막뚫뻍쫇웳튵쪵훊짏뗄쯹폐헟;퓚듋믹뒡짏,볙짨막뚫쯹튪쟳뗄ꆰ싺틢샻죳ꆱ캪ꛐ,죧맻xΕꇆnIi+ꛐ,쓇쎴막뚫뻍늻믡룉짦웳튵뗄뻟쳥뺭펪,뺭샭뻍쫇웳튵쪵훊짏뗄쯹폐헟ꆣi=l뿉볻,웳튵쫇막뚫ꆢ뺭샭죋풱ꆢ햮좨죋ꆢ릩펦짌ꆢ쿻럑헟ꆢ릤죋틔벰짧믡릫훚뗈샻틦쿠맘헟닎폫뗄튻쾵쇐웵풼뗄솪뷡,쯻쏇붫ퟔ벺쯹펵폐뗄풴춶죫떽웳튵,춬쪱쿠펦뗘펵폐웳튵쯹폐좨ꆣ웳튵쯹폐좨평쯷좡좨(냼삨만뚨쯷좡좨ꆢ뇤뚯쯷좡좨뫍쪣폠쯷좡좨)뫍뿘훆좨(냼삨만뚨뿘훆좨뫍쪣폠뿘훆좨)릹돉,쯼죧뫎퓚웳튵샻틦쿠맘헟횮볤뷸탐낲업,퓲쫇샻틦쿠맘헟웵풼첸에뗄뷡맻,펰쿬헢훖낲업뗄틲쯘폐훆뛈뮷뺳ꆢ릩쟳맘쾵ꆢ풴춶죫솿ꆢ풴뗄탅뫅쿔쪾믺훆ꆢ풴뿉뗖톺탔ꆢ닺폃탔ꆢ럧쿕톡퓱뫍ퟩ횯뮯돌뛈뗈ꆣ평폚헢킩틲쯘뒦폚늻뛏뗄뇤뮯횮훐,틲듋,웳튵쯹폐좨낲업쫇튻룶뚯첬뗄맽돌,쯼뻟폐ힴ첬틀듦쳘헷ꆣ닎뾼컄쿗:\[1\]퇮죰쇺,훜튵낲.웳튵뗄샻틦쿠맘헟샭싛벰웤펦폃\[M\].놱뺩:뺭볃뿆톧돶냦짧,2000.\[2\]죙헗.웳튵탔훊퇐뺿뗄솽룶닣쏦\[J\].뺭볃퇐뺿,1995,(5):21228.ꆤ22ꆤ' 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
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