캬웕톶 뿚?뿚中훐?草닝药튩뿚C?h?i?n?e?s?e??丁?뿚r??ad?i?ti?on?a?l??an?d?? H?e?r?b?a?l? D?r?u?g??s 第뗚3?5?卷뻭第뗚6?웚期2?0?0?4?年쓪6?퓂月?ꆤ ?71?1? ꆤ ?쮾?떶??Hu?a?? W? ??G,ꎬ 5??0n??g? ?J ?M?,ꎬ L?i?ao? ?H?.ꎮ E?f?f?e?c?ts? ?o?f? ?Hu?a?n?g?? L??an?? 5?u?? ?on?? m??ag?e?? ?in?? ?r?at? l?iv?e??r? [?J??].ꎮ A?r?c?h?? ?To?.?ri?co??lꎬ, ?2?00??2.ꎬ 7?6? (?1?1? ?),ꎺ 6??6?4ꆪ-6?7?0?.ꎮ ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????ꆪ?nerve conduction velocity and hormone level to diabetic neu›[?1?9?J? T?a?n?? ?J? ?H,ꎬ ?C?he??n? ?G? ?L,ꎬ ?Gu?o? ?5? ?J?,ꎬ ?e?t ?al?.ꎮ T?h?e?? e?f?f?e?c??t?s? ?o?f ??b?e?rb?e?r?i?n?e?? r?o??pa?t?h?y? ??in? ?r?a?t?5? ??[J?]?.ꎮ L?a?b??e?l?e?d? ?I?m?m?川??o?C??lin?? M??d? ?(뇪标볇记쏢免틟疫分럖?i?n ?i?nh?i?bi?ti?on?? o?f? ?p?ro?l?i?{?e?ra?t?i?on? ?an?d?? i?n?du?c?t?i?on? ?o?f? ?ap??op?t?o?s?i?s? o?f? ?ga?前?ꆪ?컶析与폫临쇙床뒲).?ꎬ2??0?0?1.ꎬ 8?(?4??):ꎻ ?21?2?-ꆪ2?1?4?.ꎮ? t?r?i?c? ?c?an??ce?r? c??e?ll? ?MG?C?튻-8?0?3?? [?J??J.ꎮ C??hi?n ??Ph?a?r?m?a?c??o?l B?u?l?l ?(훐中맺鼠튩药?[15J X?u? ??y,ꎬ L?i? P?噜ꎬ?Ji??Y.ꎮ E?f?f?e??c?t o?f? ?b?e?rb??er?i?ne?? ?on? ?c??e?re??br?a?l? p?i?al? ?mi?cr?o?›ꆪ?샭现学톧通춨报놨)，?ꎬ?20?0?1?ꎬ，1?7?(?1?)?，ꎺ4?0?-ꆪ4?3?.ꎮ?c?i?r?c?u?la?t?i?on?? i?n? ?ce?r?e?b??r?al? ?is??ch?e?m?i?c ??r?a?ts?? ????ꎮ?Li?s?hi?zh?e?n?? M?e?d?? [?2?0?J? ?U?zu?k?a?? N?ꎬ, ?Mi?y?a?mo??to?? K?,ꎬ O?k??it?a? ?K?,ꎬ e?t? a??l.ꎮ I?n?h?i?bi?to??ry?? e?f?f?e??ct? o?{? ??Ma?t?旷???M?e?d??R?e?s? (?쪱时헤珍国맺医튽国맺药튩)，?ꎬ?2?0?0?1ꎬ.1?2??(1??2)?，ꎺ1?0?8?4?伽ꆪ1?0?8?5?.ꎮ?C?o??户t?i?d?ù?????????????????????????????????????????????????Rhizoma and berberine on the proliferation o{ human [16J ?Wu?? J? ?F?.ꎬ L?i?u? 5? ??L,ꎬ ?P?a?n? X?? ?Xꎬ, ?et? ?al?.ꎮ ?P?ro?t?e?c?t?i?v?e?? e??f?fe?c?t?s? o?f? e??so??ph?a?g?e?a?l? ?ca?n?c?e?r? ?ce?l?l? l?i?n?es? ??[J?J?.ꎮ ?Ca?n?c?e?r?? ?Le??tt?,ꎬ ?2?0?0?0.ꎬ 1?4?8? (?1?)? ,ꎺ? ?be?r?b?e?r?i?n?e?? o??n? ?is?c?h?e?m?i?c? ?in??ju?r?y?? ?in? ?c?u??lt?u?r?e?d?? r?a?t? c??or?t?i?ca?l? n?e?u?r?0?5? ??1?9ꆪ♂?5?.ꎮ? [?J?]?.ꎮ ?Ch?i?n? ?Ph?a?r?m?a?c?o??l ?Bu?l?l (?훐中맺国튩药샭理톧学通춨报놨?).ꎬ1?9?9?9?，ꎬ1?5?(?3?)?，ꎺ?[?2?1??J Y?u?? ?C,ꎬ Z?h??a?n?g? H?,ꎬ ?P?a?n? J? ?F?,ꎬ e??t α?l?.ꎮ D??e?te?r?m?i?na?t?i?o?n? a?n?d?? p?r?e?l?i?mi? ꆪ?2?4?3?ꆪ-2?4?6?.ꎮ ?n?a?r?y?? ?st?u?d?i?e?s? o?f? ?m??e?ta?b?o?l?i?sm?? o?f? ?b?e?r?be??ri?ne?? ?n ?h??um??an?? u?r?i?n?e?? a?f?t?e??r? ????????ꎬ?????ꎬ??????????ꎬ?????ꎮ?????????????[1?] 5higeta K, Otaki K, Tatemoto H, et al. Potentiation of ?or?a?l? ?ad??mi?ni?s?t?r?at?i?on? ?[?J??J.ꎮ ?Ch?i?n?? J? ?C?? n? ?P?h?a?叶??na??ω??l(?훐中맺国?临쇙뒲床药튩?n?e?r?v?e??自?r??o?wt?h???????ꆪ????????????????????????????????????!actor- nduced neurite outgrowth n PC12 cells 主샭理톧学퓓杂志횾?).ꎬ2?0?0?0?ꎬ，1??6(??1)?，ꎺ3?6?-ꆪ3?9?.ꎮ?b?y?? ????????????????????????????????????????????????a Coptidis Rhizoma extract and protoberberine alkaloids [?2?2?J?? ?P?a?n??J?F?,ꎬ ?Y?u?C?ꎬ, Z??h?u?D??Y?,ꎬ ?e?t ?α??l.ꎮ I?de?n?t?i?{?i?c?a?ti?on?? o?f? ?th?r?e?e?? 5??ul?›ꆪ?[?J?]?.ꎮ ?Bi?o?s?c?i? ?Bi?o?t?e?c??hn?o?l? ?Bi?oc?h?e?m?ꎬ, ?2?00?2?ꎬ, ?66?(?1?1??),ꎺ 2??4?91??-2?4?9?4?.ꎮ? ?{?at?e?年ꆪc??o?nj?ug?a?t?e??d?m?e??ta?b?o?l?it?es?? ?of? b??e?rb??er?i?ne?? c??hl?o?r? ?de? ??in?? ?h?e?a?lth?y?? H?u?a?n??g? J? ??M.ꎬ ?W?an??g? C?? J?.ꎬ ?Ch?o?u?? F?? ?p,ꎬ ?et? a?l?.ꎮ I?n?h?i?bi?t?or?y?? e?f?f?ec?t? ?of? v??o?lu?n?t?e?e?rꆯ’?s u??ri?ne?? a?f?t?e?r? o??ra?l? ?a?dm??in??is?tr?a?t?i?o?n? [?]?J?.ꎮ ?Ac?t?a? ?Ph?a?r??ma?一ꆪ??????????????????ꆪ??????????????????ꆪ?????????????????ꆪ?berberine on tert-butyl hydroperoxideωinduced oxidative da-ι??ol? ?Si?1’l ?(훐中맺国药튩理샭学톧报놨)，?ꎬ2?0?0?2?,ꎬ ?23??(1?)?,ꎺ 7?7?-ꆪ8?2?.ꎮ? 튩药品욷可뿉获믱得뗃性탔与폫药튩品욷专利샻权좨的뗄关맘系쾵?십马?制뷠1吉?、?쳬뷲楠仰天쫐市튩药욷口附짳움훐巾탄ꎬ쳬天뷲津hu?nd?Ad U?A U?- A?n u?dn 〈tυ??ꆶ《폫与쎳贸틗易폐有맘关횪知쪶识产닺좨权协킭议틩ꆷ))?(?A?gr?肘???me?n?t??o?n?? ?Tr?a?d?e?-ꆪR?e?›ꆪ?法램发랢明쏷给룸予폨专利샻保놣护뮤。ꆣ根룹据뻝丁?民??I?Ps?协킭议틩第뗚2?8?쳵条的뗄规맦定뚨，ꎬ药튩品욷?l?a??te?d?? A?s?p?e?c?t?s?? o?f? ?I??n?te?l?l?e??c?t?u?al? ?Pr?o?p??e?rt?y?? R??i?g?h?t?s)? .ꎬ벴即죋人쏇们춨通常뎣?专利샻持돖有폐人죋写쿭在폐有以틔下쿂独뛀占햼权좨:ꎺ?(?1?죧)맻如果专샻利뗄的쓚内죝容쫇是튻~훖种药튩?所쯹说쮵的뗄T?R?I?P?s?킭协议틩。ꆣ其웤对뛔药튩品욷和뫍药튩品욷生짺产닺方랽法램实쪵施쪩专利샻保놣?욷品，ꎬ专샻利좨权죋人폐有좨权뷻禁止횹他쯻人죋未캴经뺭其웤许탭可뿉而뛸进뷸行탐制훆造퓬、ꆢ使쪹用폃、ꆢ许탭?护뮤，ꎬ헢这훖种놣保뮤护놾本훊质짏上쫇是튻~훖种独뛀占햼权좨，ꎬ뛀独햼占뗄的뷡结맻果뇘必좻然쫇是垄슢断뛏?诺억销쿺售쫛、ꆢ쿺销쫛售，ꎬ믲或헟者캪为짏上쫶述目쒿的뗄而뛸进뷸口뿚该룃药튩品욷。ꆣ(?2?)?如죧身맻在专샻利뗄的?利샻润죳的뗄产닺生짺，ꎬ떼导훂致专利샻药튩品욷价볛格룱的뗄上짏扬퇯，ꎬ这헢直횱接뷓影펰响쿬到떽人죋们쏇，ꎬ?内쓚죝容쫇是→튻种훖药튩品욷生짺产닺方랽法램，ꎬ专샻利좨权죋人폐有좨权뷻禁횹止쯻他人죋未캴经뺭其웤间춬?폈尤其웤是쫇低뗍收쫕入죋人죋群좺购릺买싲药튩品욷、ꆢ享쿭受쫜民튽疗쇆服럾务컱的뗄能쓜力솦，ꎬ发랢展햹中훐?意틢使쪹用폃该룃方랽法램，ꎬ并늢禁뷻止횹制훆造퓬、ꆢ使쪹用폃、ꆢ탭许诺억销쿺售쫛、ꆢ쿺销售쫛，ꎬ믲或헟者캪为上짏?国맺볒家벰及发랢达듯国맺家볒的뗄穷쟮人죋可뿉能쓜无컞法램承돐受쫜专利샻药튩品욷的뗄价볛格룱，ꎬ阻ퟨ碍낭?述쫶目쒿的뗄而뛸뷸进口뿚至훁少짙是쫇由평该룃方랽法램获믱得뗃的뗄药튩品욷ꆣo授쫚予폨药튩品욷专利샻将붫?药튩品욷可뿉获믱得뗃性탔的뗄最ퟮ大듳化뮯。ꆣ놾本컄文럖分컶析쇋了튩药욷品뿉可获믱得뗃性탔与폫药튩品욷专?带듸살来对뛔专利샻药튩品욷利샻用폃的뗄垄슢断뛏的뗄保놣护뮤，ꎬ룸给폨予专샻利持돖有폐人죋权좨利샻和뫍?利샻权좨的뗄关맘系쾵，ꎬ죏认캪为웤其늢并늻不矛쎬뛜盾，ꎬ늢并싛论쫶述쇋了랢发햹展훐中国맺볒家如죧何뫎利샻?法램싉律孚쫖뛎段阻ퟨ횹止쯻他人죋캴未经뺭웤其쫚授权좨럂仿制훆웤其专利샻药튩品욷或믲者헟利샻用폃其웤专?用폃强잿制훆许탭可뿉、ꆢ횪知쪶识닺产좨权좨权샻利폃用뺡尽뫍和욽平탐行뷸进口뿚살来保놣障헏本놾阎맺公릫民쏱?利샻짺生产닺方랽法램生짺产닺药튩品욷，ꎬ캴米뺭线튩药욷品专샻利돖持폐有죋人탭许뿉可而뛸对뛔专利샻药튩?的뗄专利샻药튩品욷可뿉获믱得뗃性탔。ꆣ?品욷进뷸行탐仿럂制훆的뗄行탐为캪都뚼将붫构릹成돉侵쟖权좨，ꎬ专利샻权좨人죋有폐权좨索쯷赔엢。ꆣ?1? 튩药品욷可뿉获믱得뗃性탔和뫍T?R?I?P?s?协킭议틩对뛔药튩品욷的뗄专利샻保놣护뮤??TR?I?P?s?协킭틩议对뛔药튩品욷和뫍药튩品욷生짺产닺方랽法램实쪵施쪩专利샻保놣护뮤，ꎬ无컞疑틉?药튩品욷可뿉获믱得뗃性탔C??ac?c?e?s?s?i?bi?li?t??y??o?f? ?dr??ug?s?)?按내照헕?WH?O?的뗄解뷢?폐有利샻于폚保놣护뮤专利샻持돖有폐人죋的뗄权좨益틦，ꎬ벤激랢发죋人쏇们뾪开랢发탂新튩药。ꆣ这헢种훖保놣?释쫍，ꎬ쫇是횸指튻~맺国뗄的튩药욷品헾政닟策뗄的쒿目뇪标펦应떱当쫇是ힷ追쟳求쯹所有폐탨需要튪药튩品욷的뗄?뮤护놾本质훊上짏是쫇…튻种훖独뛀占햼权좨，ꎬ뛀独햼占뗄的뷡结맻果뇘必좻然쫇是슢垄断뛏利샻润죳的뗄产닺?人죋能쓜够릻可뿉以틔承돐受쫜的뗄价볛格룱获믱得뗃所쯹需탨的뗄药튩品욷，ꎬ它쯼是쫇实쪵现쿖基믹本놾人죋?生짺，ꎬ쪹使뗃得튩药욷品专샻利좨权人죋以틔此듋来살收쫕回믘研퇐发랢专利샻的뗄投춶入죫。ꆣ但떫是쫇，ꎬ这헢?权좨~ꆪ一ꆪ健붡康뾵权좨的뗄必뇘要튪组ퟩ成돉部늿分럖。ꆣ因틲此듋，ꎬW?H?O?잿强调뗷，ꎬ튩药品욷应펦当떱?훖种垄슢断뛏利샻润죳뇘必然좻造퓬成돉专利샻药튩品욷生짺产닺成돉本놾和뫍价볛格룱的뗄大듳幅럹度뛈上짏?평由좫全쳥体人죋民쏱以틔可뿉承돐受쫜价볛格룱获믱得뗃。ꆣ这헢里샯所쯹指횸基믹本놾药튩物컯，ꎬ即벴那쓇些킩能쓜?扬퇯。ꆣ虽쯤然좻T?R?I?P?s?킭协议틩给룸予폨发랢展햹中훐国맺家볒和뫍最ퟮ不늻发랢达듯国맺家볒5?쓪年?够릻满싺足ퟣ大듳部늿分럖人죋口뿚医튽疗쇆要튪求쟳的뗄药튩品욷，ꎬ뛸而쟒且펦应떱当퓚在任죎何뫎时쪱候뫲都뚼?뫍和?10?年쓪的뗄过맽渡뛉期웚，ꎬ뛸而쪱时훁至뷱今日죕，ꎬ웤其뛔对듳大늿部럖分돉成풱员틑已뺭经发랢生짺了쇋?能쓜获믱得뗃，ꎬ늢并쓜能놣保돖持튻一뚨定쫽数솿量和뫍合뫏理샭的뗄剂볁型탍。ꆣ믹基놾本튩药物컯的뗄获믱得뗃依틀?效킧力솦，ꎬ웤其훐中듳大늿部럖分쫇是훆制튩药튵业폈尤웤其쫇是专샻利튩药욷品훆制造퓬튵业发랢达듯的뗄国맺?赖삵于폚药튩物컯的뗄合뫏理샭选톡择퓱和뫍使쪹用폃:ꎻ可뿉恃돖续탸的뗄充돤分럖的뗄财닆政헾支횧挣돖;ꎻ可뿉承돐?家볒。ꆣ웤其쯻他맺国볒家쳘特뇰别쫇是벱急탨需튩药욷品뗄的랢发햹展훐中国맺볒家不늻能쓜再퓙像쿱以틔前잰那쓇?受쫜的뗄药튩品욷价볛格룱:ꎻ뿉可뾿靠뗄的컀卫짺生和뫍供릩펦应体쳥系쾵。ꆣ웤其훐中뿉可돐承쫜受的뗄价볛格룱是쫇?样퇹随쯦意틢仿럂制훆这헢些킩国맺家볒的뗄专利샻药튩品욷来살满싺足ퟣ本놾国맺人죋的뗄需탨求쟳，ꎬ也튲不늻?保놣证횤和뫍实쪵现쿖药튩品욷可뿉获믱得뗃性탔的뗄关맘键볼，ꎬ也튲就뻍是쫇说쮵，ꎬ캪为듯达떽到튩药品욷可뿉获믱?再퓙有폐쇩灵活믮的뗄政헾策닟空뿕间볤将붫药튩品욷排업除돽在퓚可뿉获믱得뗃专利샻的뗄市랶围캧之횮外췢?得뗃的뗄目쒿标뇪，ꎬ튻国맺政헾府뢮不늻仅뷶要튪保놣证횤基믹本놾药튩物컯充돤分럖供릩应펦，ꎬ还뮹必뇘须탫保놣?或믲者헟授쫚予폨药튩品욷、ꆢ튩药욷品짺生닺产랽方램法뷏较뛌短뗄的专샻利놣保뮤护期웚。ꆣ这헢直횱接뷓影펰?证횤所쯹供릩给룸的뗄基믹本놾药튩物컯能쓜够릻为캪所쯹需탨要튪的뗄人죋买싲得뗃起웰。ꆣ?响쿬到떽人죋们쏇尤폈其웤是쫇低뗍收쫕入죋人죋群좺购릺买싲药튩品욷、ꆢ쿭享쫜受医튽疗쇆服럾务컱的뗄能쓜?T?R?I?P?s?协킭议틩是쫇W?T?O?协킭议틩的뗄三죽大듳支횧柱훹之횮一튻，ꎬ쫇是关맘폚于知횪识쪶?力솦，ꎬ랢发햹展훐中맺国볒家벰及랢发듯达맺国볒家뗄的쟮穷죋人뿉可쓜能컞无램法돐承受쫜专利샻药튩品욷的뗄?产닺좨权保놣护뮤的뗄全좫剧쏦协킭议틩，ꎬ튪要쟳求룷各돉成풱员뛔对튩药品욷랢发明쏷和뫍药튩品욷生짺产닺方랽?价볛格룱，ꎬퟨ阻낭碍튩药욷品可뿉获믱得뗃性탔的뗄最ퟮ大듳化뮯。ꆣ?收쫕稿룥日죕期웚，ꎺ2?0?0?3?-ꆪ1?2?-?1?2??iퟷ1헟=者볲简뷩介:ꎺ십马洁뷠(?1??9?7?3튻-)?ꎬ，쳬天뷲湾쫐市죋人，ꎬ훷主맜管튩药쪦师，ꎬ훐中튽医专튵业늩博士쪿，ꎬ듓从쫂事中훐药튩审짳评움工릤作ퟷ。ꆣ?
캬웕톶 ꆤ ?71?2? ꆤ ? 훐巾닝草튩药?C?h?in?e?se?? ?Tr?a?d?i?t?i?o?n?al? ?a?n?d? ?H?e?r?b?a?l ?D?r?u?g?s 뗚第?3?5뻭卷第뗚?6웚期?2?0?04?쓪年?6퓂月?쇭另튻一方랽面쏦.ꎬ늻不뛔对럻符뫏合专샻利쳵条件볾的뗄药튩品욷实쪵施쪩专利샻保놣护뮤"ꎬ就뻍?뗄的?17?훖种뾹抗艾났滋ퟌ病늡药튩，ꎬ펡印뛈度뗄的튩药뎧厂벸几뫵乎全좫늿部럂仿制훆ꆣG?컞无램法벤激发랢人죋们쏇对뛔基믹本놾药튩物컯的뗄研퇐究뺿和뫍开뾪发랢，ꎬ죋人쏇们뛔对믹基本놾药튩物컯的뗄?돽除"ꆰ잿强훆制탭许뿉可"ꆱ췢外ꎬ，랢发햹展훐中맺国볒家훷主튪要뮹还샻利폃用"ꆰ횪知쪶识닺产좨权权좨?탨需쟳求죔仍然좻뗃得不늻到떽满싺足ퟣ。ꆣ죧如뫎何욽平뫢衡횪知쪶识닺产좨权쯹所폐有죋人与폫公릫众훚的뗄权좨?샻利폃用뺡尽"ꆱ뫍和ꆰ"욽平탐行뷸进뿚口ꆱ살"놣来保뮤护놾本맺国릫公쏱民뗄的专샻利튩药욷品뿉可믱获得뗃?틦放늢并좷确놣保튩药品욷专利샻保놣护뮤政헾策닟不늻损쯰害몦公릫共릲健붡康뾵??죧如何뫎在퓚保놣护뮤药튩?탔性。ꆣ횪知识쪶产닺权좨权좨利샻用폃尽뺡是쫇指횸某쒳个룶具뻟体쳥、ꆢ쳘特뚨定뗄的专샻利닺产品욷第뗚一튻?品욷专利샻좨权人죋的뗄权좨益틦并늢鼓맄励샸创뒴新탂的뗄问춬时쪱.ꎬ놣保헏障튩药욷品可뿉获믱得뗃性탔的뗄?듎次뷸进入죫市쫐场뎡时쪱，ꎬ专샻利돖持폐有헟者뛔对룃该专샻利닺产욷品的뗄뛀独占햼좨权就뻍终훕结뷡?簸ퟮ大듳化뮯??首쫗先쿈.ꎬ?TR?I?P?s?킭协틩议没쎻有폐ퟨ阻止횹各룷成돉员풱采닉取좡措듫施쪩来살保놣护뮤?쇋了ꆣ。욽平行탐进뷸口뿚又폖称돆"ꆰ믒灰즫色市쫐场뎡"ꆱꎬ，쫇是좨权샻利폃用뺡尽퓚在맺国볊际쇬领폲域的뗄体쳥?其웤릫公共릲컀卫生짺。ꆣ在퓚制훆定뚨之횮初돵就뻍在퓚强잿调뗷知횪识쪶产닺权좨的뗄问춬时쪱，ꎬ对뛔增퓶进뷸?쿖现，ꎬ쫇是횸指튻…쿮项횪知쪶识닺产좨权퓚在솽两个룶国맺家볒同춬时쪱受쫜到떽保놣护뮤，ꎬ一튻国맺进뷸口뿚?公릫릲共利샻益틦和뫍社짧会믡福뢣利샻给룸予폨了쇋必뇘要튪的뗄关맘注힢。ꆣ횪知识쪶产닺权좨놣保护뮤本놾身짭?짌商캴未经뺭知횪识쪶产닺权좨持돖有폐人죋授쫚权좨，ꎬ듓从쇭另튻…맺国횪知쪶识产닺좨权所쯹폐有人죋予쫖中훐?并늢不늻是쫇终훕结뷡目쒿标뇪，ꎬ뛸而펦应떱当폃用살来为캪发랢展햹社짧会믡成돉员풱的뗄福뢣利샻服럾务컱。ꆣ?뷸进口뿚늢并销쿺쫛售受쫜룃该国맺知횪识쪶产닺权좨保놣护뮤的뗄货믵物컯。ꆣ根룹据뻝?TR?I?P?s?킭协议틩.ꎬ?웤其次듎电ꎬ专샻利놣保뮤护듙促뷸进辈믹革놾本튩药컯物뗄的뾪开랢发뫍和퇐研뺿究뗄的ퟷ作폃用쫇是폐有限쿞?죧如맻果一튻成돉员풱쫊i适폃用쇋了좨权샻利폃用尽뺡原풭则퓲，ꎬ웤其쯻他돉成풱员늻不뗃得내按照헕?TR?I?P?s??的뗄ꆣ。믹基本놾튩药物컯是쫇大듳多뛠数쫽人죋尤폈其웤是쫇低뗍收쫕入죫人죋口뿚所쯹需탨要튪的뗄药튩品욷‘ꎬ?킭协议틩提쳡起웰申짪诉쯟:ꎻ춨通맽过욽平탐行뷸进口뿚，ꎬ뿉可틔以듓从볛价룱格뷏较뗍低的뗄国맺家볒进뷸口뿚?헢这킩些药튩物컯往췹往췹开뾪发랢周훜期웚长뎤、ꆢ风럧险쿕大듳、ꆢ춶投资回믘报놨率싊低뗍.ꎮ뫜很쓑难得뗃到떽?쯹所탨需的뗄专利샻药튩品욷。ꆣ?药튩컯物研퇐制훆者헟的뗄重훘视쫓。ꆣ因틲此듋.ꎬ?TR?I?P?s?킭协议틩뛔对药튩品욷的뗄专利샻保놣护뮤与폫?目쒿잰前ꎬ，쓏南럇非쫇是쫀世뷧界짏上났艾ퟌ滋늡病뮼患헟者最ퟮ多뛠的뗄国맺家볒，ꎮ캪为了쇋解뷢除돽?药튩品욷特쳘别뇰是쫇基믹本놾药튩物컯获믱得뗃性탔的뗄最ퟮ火듳化뮯之횮间볤并늢不늻矛쎬盾뛜。ꆣ?民쏱众훚的뗄生짺存듦危캣机믺。ꆣ?19?9?7?쓪年，ꎬ쓏南럇非헾政뢮府뻍就《ꆶ튩药욷品벰及쿠相맘关닺产品욷管맜?2? 强잿制훆탭许可뿉和뫍平욽行탐激뷸口뿚?理샭法램案낸》ꆷ춨通맽过튻一쿮项탞修헽正낸案，ꎬ쫚授좨权놾本뗘地릫公쮾司듓从쫂事욽平탐行뷸进口뿚和뫍强잿??WH?O?튲也퓧早已틑充돤分럖认죏识쪶到떽许탭多뛠发랢展햹中훐国맺家볒和뫍般ퟮ不늻发랢达듯?制훆탭许可뿉的뗄权좨利샻。ꆣ按내照헕法램律싉规맦定뚨.ꎬ놾本뗘地릫公쮾词컞无탫须뗃得到떽专利샻持돖有폐?国맺볒家受쫜公릫共릲卫컀生짺问컊题쳢的뗄严퇏敢훘困삧扰죅，ꎬ횸指出돶丁??RI?P?s?킭协议틩能쓜够릻而뛸?헟苦苦뗄的춬问틢意ꎬ，벴即뿉可훆制퓬造솮廉볛价냦版놾本뗄的药튩品욷。ꆣ컷的方랽3?9?볒家뿧跨国맺制훆药튩企웳?且쟒应펦该룃支횧持돖?WT?O?돉成员풱保놣护뮤公릫共릲卫컀生짺的뗄权좨利샻，ꎬ以틔듙促뷸进所쯹有폐人죋?튵业솪联合뫏起웰诉쯟南쓏非럇政헾府뢮侵쟖犯랸了쇋其웤专利샻权좨。ꆣ뛔对폚于跨뿧国맺制훆药튩公릫司쮾的뗄?믱获得뗃튩药品욷的뗄权좨利샻的뗄方랽式쪽予폨以틔解뷢释쫍和뫍实쪵施쪩.ꎬ헢这튻一킭协틩议为캪实쪵现쿖各룷?诉쯟讼쯏，ꎬ쓏南럇非헾政뢮府뇭表쪾示.ꎬ룹根뻝据쿖现탐行뗄的튩药볛价맦规定뚨，ꎬ쓏南럇非났艾ퟌ滋늡病人죋无컞?돉成员풱国맺놣保뮤护릫公共릲卫컀生짺尤폈其웤是쫇促듙进뷸所쯹有폐人죋能쓜够릻获믱得뗃药튩品욷的뗄权좨?法램负뢺担떣购릺买싲预풤防럀和뫍治훎疗쇆艾났滋ퟌ病늡药튩物컯的뗄费럑用폃，ꎬ헾政뢮府폐有责퓰任죎帮냯助훺?샻利这헢一튻目쒿的뗄提쳡供릩了쇋灵쇩活믮的뗄余폠地뗘，ꆣ?2?00?3?쓪年8?퓂月，ꎬ뺭经过맽2??0个룶月퓂?났艾ퟌ滋病늡病늡人죋。ꆣ뛸而쟒且헻楼룶个럇非훞洲튩药욷品쿺销쫛售솿最뷶仅占햼余좫世쫀界뷧药튩品욷销쿺售쫛?的뗄艰볨苦뿠谈첸判에，ꎬW?丁??。ퟜ总샭理쫂事믡会훕终于폚춨通맽过了쇋关맘于폚实쪵施쪩专利샻药튩品욷?鼓솿的뗄?1?%~ꆫ1?.ꎮ3??%.ꎬ这헢对뛔于폚跨뿧国맺制훆药튩公릫司쮾的뗄利샻润죳并늢没쎻有폐多뛠大듳?强잿制훆许탭可뿉的뗄协킭议틩.ꎬ맦规뚨定랢发햹展훐中돉成풱员뫍和ퟮ最늻不发랢达듯成돉员풱因틲艾났滋ퟌ?펰影响쿬。ꆣ最ퟮ后뫳，ꎬ웈迫于폚各룷种훖压톹力솦，ꎬ뿧跨国맺药튩商짌决뻶定뚨撤뎷诉쯟。ꆣ?病늡、ꆢ얱应벲疾ꆢ、럎肺뷡结뫋核벰及웤其쯻他쇷流탐行벲疾늡病뛸而랢发짺生릫公릲共컀卫짺生健붡康뾵危캣机믺?3? 结뷡语폯?时쪱，ꎬ뿉可퓚在캴未뺭经专샻利좨权죋人탭许뿉可的뗄情쟩况뿶下쿂，ꎬ퓚在웤其쓚内늿部通춨过맽实쪵施쪩专?药튩品욷不늻仅뷶仅뷶是쫇一튻种훖可뿉以틔获믱得뗃专利샻保놣护뮤的뗄产닺品욷，ꎬ它쯼直횱接뷓关맘?利샻强잿制훆许탭可뿉制훆度뛈，ꎬ짺生닺产、ꆢ쪹使폃用뫍和쿺销쫛傍폐有맘关专샻利튩药욷品以틔治훎疗쇆导떼?系쾵떽到每쎿个룶人죋的뗄身짭体쳥健붡康뾵和뫍生짺命쏼安낲危캣，ꎬ퓚在죎任뫎何맺国볒家뚼都是쫇一튻种훖特쳘?致훂릫公共릲健붡康뾵危캣机믺的뗄疾벲病늡。ꆣ以틔印펡度뛈为캪例샽.ꎬ?1?97?0?年쓪的뗄印펡度뛈专利샻法램?쫢殊商짌品욷，ꎬ튩药욷品뿉可믱获뗃得탔性쫇是쪵实쿖现믹基놾本죋人좨权ꆪ一ꆪ←붡健뾵康权좨的뗄必뇘要튪组ퟩ?对뛔食쪳品욷、ꆢ튩药욷品놾本身짭不늻授쫚予폨专利샻，ꎬ뷶仅뛔对훆制造퓬方랽法램予폨以틔专利샻保놣护뮤，ꎬ?돉成部늿分럖。ꆣ健붡康뾵也튲是쫇一튻项쿮很뫜好뫃的뗄社짧会믡投춶资，ꎬ因틲캪为붡健康뾵的뗄公릫民쏱更룼?实쪵际볊上짏保놣护뮤了쇋仿럂制훆药튩。ꆣ因틲发랢达듯国맺家볒的뗄不늻满싺，ꎬ펡印度뛈솽两次듎修탞改룄了쇋?폐有生짺产닺效킧率싊。ꆣ내按헕照쿻消럑费헟者뗄的닆财뢻富뛠多맑寡살来럖分配엤医튽쇆疗资源풴是쫇不늻能쓜?法램律싉.ꎬ떫但평由폚于웤其쫴属于폚最ퟮ不늻发랢达듯国맺家볒，ꎬ났艾滋ퟌ病늡情쟩比뇈较뷏严퇏意훘甸ꎬ且쟒处뒦?뷓接受쫜的뗄，ꎬ틲因캪为헢这믡会쯰损몦害公릫众훚健붡康뾵。ꆣ然좻而뛸，ꎬ占햼世쫀界뷧人죋口뿚7??5?%的뗄?于폚丁?议?I?P?s?协킭议틩的뗄过맽疲뛉期웚内쓚，ꎬ횻只튪要붨建솢立뛔对튩药品욷提쳡供릩有폐效킧的뗄邮폊?랢发햹展中훐国맺家볒的뗄人죋们쏇只횻享쿭有폐8??%的뗄药튩品욷，ꎬ뛸而퓚在퇇政훞洲뫍和럇非洲훞最ퟮ贫욶?箱쿤申짪请쟫制훆度뛈及벰专有폐销쿺售쫛权좨授쫚予폨机믺制훆即벴履싄行탐了쇋自ퟔ身짭义틥务컱。ꆣ印펡度뛈?困삧的뗄地뗘方랽.ꎬ?5?0ꎥ%的뗄죋人口뿚没쎻有폐任죎何뫎医튽药튩保놣障헏。ꆣ丁?R?I?P?s?协킭议틩要튪求쟳?第뗚二죽大듳制훆药튩公릫司쮾?Ci?pl??a.ꎬ1?9?9?8?年쓪仿럂制훆出돶的뗄3?种훖外췢国맺专利샻药튩物컯?对뛔药튩品욷专利샻予폨以틔保놣护뮤，ꎬ떫但튲也规맦定뚨了쇋保놣护뮤知횪识쪶产닺权좨的뗄目쒿标뇪，ꎬ就뻍?的뗄媲믬合뫏制훆剂볁.ꎬ3?年쓪时쪱间볤内쓚5?次듎降붵价볛，ꎬ目쒿前잰南쓏非럇、ꆢ巴냍西컷、ꆢ첩泰国맺等뗈?是쫇"ꆰ틔以폐有샻利폚于짧社믡会벰及뺭经볃济뢣桶샻利뗄的랽方쪽式좥去듙促뷸进벼技쫵术知횪识쪶的뗄生짺产닺?国맺的뗄进뷸口뿚廉솮价볛仿럂制훆药튩均뻹主훷要튪来살自ퟔ该룃公릫司쮾。ꆣ而뛸且쟒，ꎬ在퓚美쏀国맺上짏市쫐?헟者与폫使쪹用폃者헟互뮥利샻，ꎬ并늢促듙进뷸权좨利샻与폫义틥务컱的뗄平욽衡"뫢。ꆱꆣ?中훐医튽튩药治훎疗쇆쳇糖尿쓲病늡微캢血톪管맜病늡变뇤的뗄研퇐究뺿进뷸展햹?孙쯯?丽샶?孙ꎬ쯯?睦쓀2ꆣ?U??.ꎮ长뎤白냗山즽制훆药튩股막份럝有폐限쿞公릫司쮾，ꎬ벪吉쇖林蚊河뫓1?3?2?5?0?0?;ꎻ 2?.ꎮ中훐国맺ι훐扣튽除퇐研뺿究院풺因컷苑풷陈튽院풺，ꎬ北놱京뺩?1??0?0?0?9?1)? 糖쳇尿쓲病늡微캢血톪管맜病늡变뇤与폫大듳血톪管맜病늡变뇤一튻样퇹是쫇糖쳇尿쓲病늡患뮼者헟致훂?网췸膜쒤病늡变뇤，ꎬ即벴糖쳇尿쓲病늡肾짶病늡(?O?N?)?和뫍糖쳇尿쓲病늡视쫓网췸膜쒤病늡变뇤?C?DR?)?。ꆣ?残닐和뫍致훂死쯀的뗄常뎣见볻和뫍严퇏震훘并늢发랢症횢。ꆣ常뎣见볻的뗄损쯰害몦器웷官맙和뫍组ퟩ织횯有폐?1? 中훐医튽药튩治훎疗쇆?肾짶、ꆢH퇛良쫓视췸网膜쒤、ꆢ짱神뺭经ꆢ、탄心벡肌뫍和욤皮럴肤뗈等ꎬ，떫但캣危몦害뛠多볻见뗄的쫇是肾짶和뫍视쫓?近뷼年쓪来살，ꎬ훐中튽阪럀防훎治쳇糖쓲尿늡病取좡得뗃了쇋令쇮人죋瞩훵目쒿的뗄成돉果맻，ꎬ研퇐究뺿?收쫕稿룥囚죕期웚:ꎺ?20?0?3??…1?2?←ꆪ1?9??
