ꆡ톧쫵퓂뾯ꆡ.ꆡ췢늿쫐뎡ꆢ볒ퟥ웳튵벰웤훆뛈퇝뷸쳆짜타ꆡꆡ쓚죝쳡튪ꆡ춨맽뛔볒ퟥ웳튵쳘헷뗄퇐뺿,뿉틔뷒쪾웳튵훆뛈퇝뷸폫췢늿쫐뎡랢폽횮볤뗄맘쾵,췢늿쫐뎡(냼삨짌욷쫐뎡ꆢ뷰죚쫐뎡ꆢ샍뚯쫐뎡ꆢ뺭샭쫐뎡)뗄돉뎤,뛔쿖듺놾훷틥웳튵뗄듳탍뮯웰떽쇋훘튪뗄췆뚯ퟷ폃,춬쪱,튲헽쫇헢킩췢늿쫐뎡뗄훰늽췪짆,쪹뗃웳튵쓜릻퓚듳탍뮯뗄쟩뿶쿂,춨맽맦랶뗄쓚늿훎샭뷡릹놣헏웳튵뗄킧싊ꆣ맘볼듊ꆡ췢늿쫐뎡ꆡ볒ퟥ웳튵ꆡ훆뛈퇝뷸ퟷ헟쳆짜타,즽뚫듳톧뺭볃퇐뺿훐탄뢱뷌쫚ꆣꆡꆡ튻ꆢ웳튵랢햹쪷:듓볒ퟥ웳튵뾪쪼죎뫎웳튵ퟩ횯탎쪽뗄닺짺뚼튻뚨쫇폫쒳튻샺쪷뷗뛎뗄짺닺솦쮮욽쿠쫊펦뗄ꆣ퓚죋샠샺쪷랢햹뗄맽돌훐,뿉틔쮵듓웳튵튻뾪쪼떮짺뗄쓇튻뿌웰,웳튵뻍쫇볒ퟥ웳튵ꆣ듓잰놾훷틥쪱웚뾪쪼,튻횱떽뷸죫슢뛏놾훷틥뷗뛎틔잰,볒ퟥ웳튵튻횱뚼쫇웳튵뗄ퟮ캪훘튪뗄튻훖ퟩ횯탎쪽ꆣ웳튵훆뛈훷튪폐죽훖탎쪽:튵훷훆ꆢ뫏믯훆뫍릫쮾훆ꆣ틲듋,죴럇돶폚뺭볃짏뗄풭틲뿉쓜쿞훆웳튵샻죳뗄퓶뎤뫍룶죋닆뢻뗄믽샛,풭쪼뗄웳튵훆뛈뻍늻믡쿲탂뗄웳튵훆뛈랢햹ꆣ믲헟랴맽살쮵,탂뗄웳튵훆뛈뗄돶쿖튻뚨쫇쫊펦쇋웳튵ힷ쟳룼뛠샻죳뗄탨튪ꆣ웳튵훆뛈듓튻뾪쪼뻍닉좡쇋튵훷훆뗄탎쪽,헽쫇쳥쿖쇋웳튵ힷ쟳샻죳뗄룶죋훷틥뗄쪵훊ꆣ떫쫇,튵훷훆뗄웳튵뫜뿬뻍폶떽쇋삩듳짺닺맦쒣뗄쿞훆,틲캪룶죋믲떥룶볒춥뗄뷰ퟜ쫇폐쿞뗄ꆣꆤ40ꆤ
ꆡ톧쫵퓂뾯ꆡ.ꆡ폚쫇,뫏믯훆뗄웳튵펦퓋뛸짺쇋ꆣ튵,뛸퓚헢듳솿뗄훐킡웳튵훐,튵훷훆뫍뫏믯훆뫏믯훆웳튵뗄닺짺튻랽쏦뷨훺쇋쟗풵맘쾵죔좻쫇럇뎣훘튪뗄튻훖웳튵훆뛈탎쪽ꆣ벴쪹쫇뫍뗘풵맘쾵뗄냯훺,뷢뻶쇋웳튵랢햹맽돌훐퓚릫쮾훆웳튵훐,평폚뫜뛠듳웳튵쫇평튵훷훆뫍뷰늻ퟣ뗄컊쳢,듓뛸듙뷸쇋웳튵맦쒣뗄돉뎤ꆣ뫏믯훆뗄훐킡웳튵랢햹뛸살뗄,틲듋죔좻듸폐볒춬쪱,횮쯹틔뷨훺폚쟗풵뫍뗘풵맘쾵돯벯뷰,ퟥ웳튵믲샠볒ퟥ웳튵뗄뫛벣,뇭쿖퓚웳튵돉뎤돵튲쫇틲캪뷰죚쫐뎡뗄랢폽뮹쎻폐쓜릻캪웳튵뗄웚뗄훷튪뫏믯죋믲헟튻룶볒ퟥ죔좻쫇웳튵뗄듳돉뎤쳡릩돤ퟣ뗄뷰살풴ꆣ퓚헢퇹솽룶웳튵훆막뚫,죔좻뛔웳튵뗄뻶닟폐ퟅ훷떼뗄펰쿬,튻킩뛈뗄랢햹뷗뛎,볒ퟥ웳튵뚼쫇럇뎣훘튪뗄웳튵웳튵뗄훘튪룚캻죔좻놻볒ퟥ쓚돉풱햼뻝ퟅꆣퟩ횯탎쪽,튲뻍쫇쮵웳튵뗄쯹폐헟뫍뺭펪헟,짵퓚쫐뎡뺭볃쳥훆쿂,(샠)볒ퟥ웳튵뗄듦퓚훁쯹맍펶뗄샍뚯솦췹췹뚼살ퟔ튻룶듳볒ퟥ,웳폐ퟅ짮뿌뗄샺쪷ꆢ짧믡뫍뺭볃뗄풭틲ꆣ평폚웳튵돉풱횮볤뻟폐튻뚨뗄톪풵믲쟗풵맘쾵ꆣ퓚폐튵듓ퟮ돵뾪쪼뻍쫇볒ퟥ웳튵,뛸듳릫쮾튲췹췹뗄쟩뿶쿂,뫏믯훆뗄웳튵훐,웤쯻튻킩짧믡맘쾵쫇듓훐킡웳튵랢햹뛸살뗄,틲듋,벴쪹쫇튻킩듳튲웰ퟅ럇뎣훘튪뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ폐쪱뫏ퟷ헟쎻폐톪풵뗄웳튵듸폐볒ퟥ웳튵뗄뫛벣튲늻ퟣ캪맖,뻍룼믲쟗풵맘쾵,뛸횻쫇폐뗘풵뗄맘쾵ꆪꆪꆪ뻓힡뗘늻폃쮵쫽솿훚뛠뗄훐킡웳튵쇋ꆣ웤듎,웳튵뗄뷓뷼,믲헟폐튵풵뗄맘쾵ꆪꆪꆪ듓쫂춬튻훖믲쿠짺듦뫍랢햹탨튪훚뛠뗄죋튻웰얬솦,뛸붨솢퓚맘뗄탐튵(횰튵)ꆣ떫듓뺭볃톧뷇뛈살뾴,뷨훺톪풵ꆢ쟗풵(짵훁뗘풵ꆢ튵풵)횮짏뗄맘쾵ퟜ쫇뇈폚뗘풵믲튵풵맘쾵붨솢웰살뗄뫏믯훆웳튵튲폫뷏뿉틔틀삵뗄ꆣ랴맽살쮵,죧맻웳튵돉릦쇋,ퟷ볒ퟥ웳튵튻퇹뻟폐돯벯뷰ꆢ럖떣럧쿕뗄릦쓜,캪쫕틦헟,폖췹췹붫볒ퟥ돉풱뾼싇퓚쓚,헢뻍쪹컒쏇늻럁냑헢훖웳튵돆캪ꆰ샠볒ퟥ웳튵ꆱꆣ뗃웳튵췹췹돉캪캪쟗폑뫍볒ퟥ돉풱쳡릩뻍튵믺튵훷훆뫍뫏믯훆뗄웳튵틑뺭듦퓚쇋벸잧믡뫍짺믮놣헏뗄뎡쯹,헢훖쿖쿳퓚뚫퇇컄뮯샯쓪,웤웰풴틑컞듓뾼횤쇋(헢훖뾼횤쯆뫵튲쎻쪲쳘뇰춻돶ꆣ퓙듎,웳튵뗄돉뎤맽돌훰늽닺짺막쎴뇘튪)ꆣ쿠뇈횮쿂,릫쮾훆퓲쫇퓚뷼듺쫀뷧랢좨럖즢뗄쿖쿳,퓚헢훖쟩뿶쿂,쫇럱뿉틔붨솢웰햹쪷훐닅돶쿖뗄,쫇튻훖쓪쟡뗃뛠뗄웳튵훆뛈ꆣ폐킧뗄훎샭뷡릹,뷢뻶쯹폐헟(캯췐죋)뫍뺭펪떱좻,듳볒뚼쓜릻뷓쫜헢퇹튻훖쮵램,벴웳튵쪷헟(듺샭죋)횮볤평폚탅쾢늻뛔돆쯹퓬돉뗄막뚫뗄늻춬뷗뛎횮볤늢쎻폐쏷좷뗄럖뷧쿟ꆣ쯦ퟅ튵샻틦뗄쯰몦,뻍튪뾴췢늿쫐뎡쫇럱쓜릻캪웳튵훷훆웳튵뫍뫏믯훆웳튵뗄뷸튻늽랢햹,헢솽샠쳡릩훆풼듺샭죋믺믡훷틥탐캪뗄폐킧믺훆ꆣ떫웳튵뗄맦쒣뷸튻늽뗘삩헅,폚쫇,뷨훺폚놾쫐쫇,쫐뎡ퟜ쫇폐좱쿝뗄,톡퓱듺샭죋살뺭펪웳뎡뷸탐횱뷓죚뗄쟩뿶뾪쪼돶쿖,웳튵뗄막좨튵,ퟜ쫇튪뢶돶튻뚨돉놾뗄,틲듋,튻킩웳튵쓾훰늽돶쿖쇋럖즢뮯뗄쟷쫆,웳튵뗄쯹폐좨뫍뺭풸톡퓱ퟔ벺뗄쟗폑살뺭펪웳튵,틔듋살뇜쏢듺펪좨튲훰늽돶쿖쇋럖샫ꆣ뺭퇩퇐뺿횤쏷,떱웳샭죋뛔폚ퟔ짭샻틦뗄쯰몦,헢뻍폖쪹뗃웳튵쓚튵맦쒣틔막욱뗄쫐뎡횵뾼뫋쪱,쯼폫쯹폐좨벯쯹폐헟뫍뺭펪헟뗄럖릤뫍튵뮯쎻폐짮뮯,듓훐뛈뢺쿠맘,튲뻍쫇쮵,웳튵맦쒣풽듳,웳튵뗄뛸캪웳튵듲짏쇋볒ퟥ웳튵뗄샓펡ꆣ쯹폐좨뻍풽쫇럖즢ꆣ쯹폐좨뫍뺭펪좨뗄럖샫떼듓볒ퟥ웳튵ퟔ짭살쮵,헢훖웳튵훆뛈뿏뚨훂쇋횰튵뺭샭죋ퟷ캪듺샭짌돶쿖,듺샭짌뗄돶폐웤늻뿉뇜쏢뗄뻖쿞탔,훷튪뇭쿖퓚죽룶랽쏦ꆣ쿖뿉틔ힷ쯝떽뗚튻듎쫀뷧듳햽횮잰ꆣ쫗쿈,뛔폚쓇킩뻟폐볒ퟥ웳튵탔훊뗄훐킡웳튵쯤좻릫쮾훆훰붥뗘좡듺쇋튵훷훆뫍뫏믯훆살쮵,캴컼쫕짧믡뷰죫막,쫇훆풼웤맦쒣뷸튻뛸훰붥돉캪떱듺쫐뎡뺭볃쳥훆쿂뗄튻훖훷튪뗄늽삩헅뗄훘튪틲쯘ꆣ웤듎,(샠)볒ퟥ웳튵튻냣웳튵훆뛈탎쪽(쳘뇰쫇퓚훐킡웳튵훐),떫헢늢늻뚼폐막좨쿠뛔벯훐폚쒳튻룶(믲벸룶)듳막뚫쫖틢캶ퟅ웤쯻뗄웳튵탎쪽뻍늻퓙훘튪쇋ꆣ쫂쪵짏,샯뗄컊쳢,헢뻍쪹뗃듳막뚫뗄좨샻맽듳,췹췹퓬퓚떱뷱쫀뷧짏,뻸듳뛠쫽뗄웳튵죔좻쫇훐킡웳돉훐킡막뚫짹틴늻ퟣ,샻틦쫜떽쯰몦뗄쿖쿳ꆣꆤ41ꆤ
ꆡ톧쫵퓂뾯ꆡ.ꆡ뗚죽,(샠)볒ퟥ웳튵뗄튵벨맽폚틀삵폚헆좨뗄뗘랢믓ퟔ벺뗄뇈뷏폅쫆,쳡룟쇋얩튵뗄짺닺싊ꆣ볒ퟥ돉풱뗄쓜솦,죧맻헆좨헟뗄쓜솦뫜잿,퓲웳쯦ퟅ닺욷쫐뎡랶캧뗄톸쯙삩햹,짌욷뫍샍컱뗄튵쪢,죧맻헆좨헟쓜솦닮,퓲웳튵쮥ꆣ헢랽쏦뗄탨쟳튲춬쪱돉놶뗘퓶뎤ꆣ샽ퟓ뫜뛠,헽쏦ꆢ랴쏦뗄뚼폐ꆣ랴쏦샽ퟓ죧볓쓃19쫀볍틔살뗄벼쫵룯쏼늻뷶랢짺퓚붻춨듳ퟮ듳뗄냙믵튵뻞춷ꆢ볓쓃듳뗄붾냁ꆪꆪꆪ틁뛙퓋쫤쇬폲,뮹랢짺퓚얩튵뫍훆퓬튵쇬폲,듳듳뗘냙믵,헢볒릫쮾평폚뺭펪늻짆,쎻폐쓜릻폫좫쫀쳡룟쇋죋샠뗄짺닺쓜솦뫍짌욷뗄릩룸쓜솦ꆣ퓚뷧죋쏱튻웰뷸죫21쫀볍,웤횱뷓풭틲뻍쫇룃볒얩튵훐볒폃믺웷짨놸쳦듺쇋죋솦뫍볲떥뗄릤ퟥ뗄볌돐죋뺭펪쓜솦첫닮,뛠듎뻶닟쪧컳떼훂뻟,듳듳쳡룟쇋얩튵뗄샍뚯짺닺싊ꆣ춬쪱,얩튵릫쮾퇏훘뿷쯰ꆣ폫듋탎돉뛔헕뗄춬퇹쫇튻볒뻟뿆벼뗄뷸늽튲틽랢쇋얩튵짺닺뗄훖횲ꆢ엠폽ꆢ쫕폐볒ퟥ웳튵쳘뗣뗄좫쟲ퟮ듳솬쯸뎬쫐ꆪꆪꆪ쏀맺믱뫍볓릤뗈룷룶뮷뷚뗄뒴탂ꆣ쯦ퟅ얩튵샍뚯짺뗄컖뛻싪ꆣ룃릫쮾뗄뚭쫂뎤싞늼즭ꆤ컖뛻싪,돉닺싊뗄쳡룟,샍뚯솦듓떥뒿뗄쪳컯짺닺훐뷢럅릦뗘볌돐쇋웤뢸(컖뛻싪뒴쪼죋)즽쒷ꆤ컖뛻싪돶살,듓뛸쓜릻듓쫂폚웤쯻뗄짺닺믮뚯ꆣ퓚쏀뗄뺭펪샭쓮,쪹뗃룃릫쮾돉캪ꆶ닆뢻ꆷ퓓횾2000맺,얩튵뗄뻍튵럝뛮듓1840쓪뗄69%쿂붵떽쓪뛈좫쟲500잿뗚뛾캻,싞늼즭ꆤ컖뛻싪튲캻뻓쇋1988쓪뗄%ꆣ퓚훆퓬튵훐,룖쳺훆퓬뗄펢맺ꆶ탇웚죕첩컮쪿놨ꆷ2000쓪쫀뷧뢻죋업탐믺웷좡듺쇋쒾훆뗄믺웷,쪹폃뿉쳦뮻쇣볾ꆢ튵냱냱쫗,웤짭볛뇈캻뻓뗚뛾뗄뇈뛻ꆤ룇듄룟돶뮯샍뚯솦뫍헴웻믺뗄믺킵뮯짺닺쳦듺쇋풭쿈뗄110틚쏀풪ꆣ평폚맽럖틀삵웳튵헆좨헟뗄쓜쫖릤닙ퟷ,훆퓬튵훐뗄죋뻹닺돶뫍짺닺훐뗄맦솦,(샠)볒ퟥ웳튵뗄랢햹췹췹퓚샏튻듺뺭펪헟쒣뺭볃톸쯙쳡룟ꆣ훆퓬튵훐뗄뒴탂듙뷸쇋릤튵평폚쓪쇤ꆢ짭쳥뗈풭틲췋돶웳튵맜샭믮뚯쪱쏦돇쫐뗄돉뎤,듳맦쒣뗄짺닺쪹뗃릤튵욷뗄쿠뛔쇙캣믺,죧맻웳튵뫳볌랦죋,퓲뿉쓜퓬돉웳튵탂돉놾듳럹뛈쿂붵,떼훂쇋짺닺뫍뻍튵뗄벯훐,늢뗄컊쳢ꆪꆪꆪ떱웤쿖죎뗄뺭펪헟돶쿖횪쪶샏뮯뗄틽랢쇋돇쫐뮯맽돌뗄돶쿖ꆣ컊쳢쪱,웳튵헒늻떽죃웤췋캻뗄믺훆ꆣ헢튲폐돇쫐쓚늿붻춨퓋쫤쫖뛎뗄뷸늽튲뛔돇쫐뮯뿉쓜듸살웳튵뺭펪뗄캣믺ꆣ웰떽쇋늻뿉뫶쫓뗄췆뚯ퟷ폃ꆣ죋쏇춨뎣죏캪,돇쫐뗄랶캧펦룃쫇쓜릻죃튻룶뻓쏱퓚튻룶킡쪱횮뛾ꆢ쫐뎡돉뎤쪷:벼쫵ꆢ탅쾢뫍맜샭뒴탂쓚평돇쫐뗄뇟풵뗘듸떽듯쫐훐탄,쿔좻,돇쫐뗄맦쒣쫇쫜훆폚붻춨퓋쫤쫖뛎뗄ꆣ웻뎵ꆢ뗧뎵뫍뗘웳튵ퟩ횯뛔(샠)볒ퟥ웳튵탎쪽뗄춻웆,믲쳺뗈붻춨퓋쫤릤뻟뗄닺짺룄뇤쇋돇쫐뻓쏱뗄짺헟룼뻟쳥뗘살쮵,뛔톪풵ꆢ쟗풵ꆢ뗘풵뫍튵풵맘믮,쪹뗃돇쫐뗄맦쒣퓚20쫀볍좡뗃쇋뿬쯙뗄삩쾵뗄훘듳춻웆,쫇퓚놾훷틥랢햹뷸죫슢뛏뷗듳ꆣ붻춨퓋쫤쫖뛎뗄뷸늽뮹쪹뗃웳튵뗄톡횷랢뛎닅쪵쿖뗄,뛸놾훷틥뷸죫슢뛏뷗뛎폖쫇벼짺쇋탂뗄뇤뮯ꆣ튻랽쏦,릤뎧뗄톡횷랶캧삩듳쫵뫍짺닺솦랢햹뗄뷡맻ꆣ쇋,쇭튻랽쏦,평폚폐쇋웻뎵퓋쫤,릤뎧늻퓙뇘탫1.벼쫵뗄뷸늽폫쫐뎡뗄췘햹퇘뫓뗀뫍쳺슷뛸붨ꆣ붻춨퓋쫤뗄랢햹뫍돇쫐뮯붻춨퓋쫤쇬폲뗄벼쫵룯쏼듳듳뗘췘햹쇋쫐뷸돌듙쪹럖릤늻뛏짮뮯,퓚헢룶맽돌훐,돇쫐뫍뎡뗄랶캧,뛔폚릤튵뮯뫍돇쫐뮯웰떽쇋뻞듳뗄쿧듥횮볤뗄럖릤ꆢ늻춬돇쫐늻춬쿧듥횮볤뗄뗘쟸췆뚯ퟷ폃ꆣ탂뗄붻춨퓋쫤릤뻟듳듳뗘붵뗍쇋돇럖릤ꆢ맺볒횮볤뗄럖릤뫍샍뚯솦횮볤뗄럖릤뚼뗃쫐볤짌욷퓋쫤뗄돉놾,폚쫇뫜뛠뗄짌욷늻퓙탨떽쇋톸쯙뗄랢햹ꆣ뛔폚쒳룶웳튵살쮵,럖릤뗄랢튪퓚놾뗘짺닺,뗘쟸볤뗄럖릤뫍짌욷붻틗톸쯙햹떼훂쇋웳튵맦쒣뗄돉뎤,춬쪱폖듸살쇋쫐뎡뗄랢햹,짺닺벯훐뗃떽쇋듙뷸,릤튵돇쫐뿬쯙돉뎤췘햹뛸삩듳쇋웳튵닺욷뗄쿺쫛랶캧,헢쪹뗃19웰살ꆣ탂뗄퓋쫤쫖뛎튲쪹뗃얩닺욷뗄퓋쫤돉놾쫀볍틔살,쳘뇰쫇퓚20쫀볍,짺닺뗄벯훐뫍웳튵듳럹뛈쿂붵,헢뻍쪹맣듳뗄얩듥뗘쟸쓜릻돤럖뗄듳탍뮯돉쇋쫀뷧뺭볃랢햹뗄튻룶훘튪쳘헷ꆣꆤ42ꆤ
ꆡ톧쫵퓂뾯ꆡ.ꆡ2.웳튵뗄듳탍뮯뫍맜샭뒴탂늢,웤뚯믺훷튪쫇쫔춼붨솢룷훖ퟝ쿲솪뫏틔좷벼쫵뷸늽ꆢ쫐뎡뗄췘햹ꆢ돇쫐뮯쫇죽룶쏜늻놣풭쇏뗄헽뎣릩펦;믲헟쫇돶폚쿺쫛뺭펪뫏샭뿉럖ꆢ쿠뮥듙뷸뗄쿖쿳,웤훐쫐뎡뗄췘햹횱뷓듙뮯뗄탨튪ꆣ떽쇋1926쓪뗚죽듎듳볦늢쪱웚,튻돉쇋웳튵뗄듳탍뮯,뛸놾쫐뎡뗄랢폽폖캪웳킩탂탋뗄릤튵죧뗧펰훆퓬튵ꆢ릫폃쫂튵ꆢ컞쿟뗧튵맦쒣뗄삩헅뒴퓬쇋쳵볾ꆣ퓚놾훷틥랢햹뗄훆퓬튵뫍웻뎵튵,뚼듯떽쇋뺭볃돉쫬웚,떫웳튵퓧웚,평폚뷰죚쫐뎡뗄훖훖좱쿝,웳튵(쳘뇰쫇뫁늻폌풥뗘냑쯼쏇볓틔룄ퟩꆢ뫏늢뫍췌늢,벴쪹킡웳튵)춨맽뷰죚쫐뎡뷸탐죚럇뎣삧쓑,쯹틔퓚듳캣믺놬랢쪱,쯻쏇뗄헢킩볦늢믮뚯튲쎻폐웳튵췹췹춨맽쿲쟗엳뫃폑횱뷓죚살돯벯춣횹맽ꆣ헢튻쪱웚뗄탭뛠뫏늢쫂볾뗄쳘뗣뚼쫇뷰ꆣ뫳살,쯦ퟅ뷰죚쫐뎡뗄늻뛏랢폽췪짆,짌튵듳폣돔킡폣ꆣퟮ듳뗄튻듎볦늢샋뎱랢짺퓚20틸탐쾵춳뾪쪼캪웳튵듳솿랢럅듻뿮,볤뷓죚쫀볍60쓪듺,놾쫐뎡뛔헢듎볦늢웰떽쇋뫜듳햼떽쇋훷튪뗘캻ꆣ퓙뫳살,평폚막욱쫐뎡뫍햮뗄냯훺ퟷ폃ꆣ평폚횻탨튪쓃돶놾릫쮾뿉짏쫐뗄좯쫐뎡뗄탋웰,횱뷓죚폖돉캪햼폐훷떼뗘캻막욱뛸컞탨폃쿖뷰뻍뿉쫕릺웳튵,헢뻍쪹뗃볦뗄죚랽쪽ꆣ춬쪱,튲헽쫇평폚놾쫐뎡뗄랢늢룼죝틗뷸탐,튲컞탨뷉놾샻뗃쮰ꆣ슢뛏늢폽뫍돉쫬쪹뗃웳튵볤뗄볦늢돉캪웳튵맦쒣삩헅럇쫇볦늢뗄캩튻뚯믺,폐뗄웳튵캪쇋복짙쮰뛮,뗄튻룶훘튪뗄쫖뛎ꆣ듓19쫀볍쒩틔살,좫쟲릲풸틢쫕릺뿷쯰뗄웳튵틔뇣퓚헋쒿짏돥뗴뻞뛮뗄뺭샺쇋컥듎웳튵볦늢샋뎱,쎿튻듎뚼폐웤쳘쫢펯폠,튲폐뗄웳튵쫕싲탂릫쮾쫇캪쇋좡뗃탂랢뗄샺쪷놳뺰ꆣ뗚튻듎듳볦늢듳풼랢짺퓚1898쏷뫍맜샭랽램,뮹폐킩볦늢쫇틔짺닺ꆰ뛠퇹뮯ꆱ쓪떽1904쓪횮볤ꆣ헢듎볦늢샋뎱뗄랢짺훷튪캪쒿뗄뗄ꆣ튲탭쫇돶폚맦뇜럧쿕뗄탨튪,60쓪쫇평폚듳솿짺닺뗄짌욷쫐뎡뗄톸쯙랢햹,헢뻍듺뗄볦늢퓋뚯훐ퟮ캪춻돶뗄뇤뮯뻍쫇ꆰ뛠퇹뮯뇘좻튪듲웆풭살쿁낯뗄뗘랽탔슢뛏ꆣ떱헢훖쟩볦늢ꆱ폫죕뻣퓶,벴냑룷훖늻춬탐튵뗄웳튵뫏늢뿶삩햹떽좫맺랶캧쪱,뺭펪맦쒣뷏킡뗄짌죋믲웰살ퟩ돉솪뫏듳릫쮾ꆣ90쓪듺,뗚컥듎웳튵볦훆퓬짌뻍퓙튲늻쓜횸췻뷶뷶뾿퓚뗘랽짏쯹햼폐늢샋뎱폖퓚쫀뷧짏뗄훷튪놾훷틥릤튵맺돶쿖뗄폅쫆볌탸퓚볒쿧튻듸짺듦쇋ꆣ평폚뗘랽탔쫐쇋,뛸헢튻듎볦늢샋뎱뗄쳘뗣쫇뛠랢짺퓚뷰죚뎡뗄듲웆,쫐뎡뺺헹뇤뗃룼볓뻧쇒쇋,폚쫇킡탍웳튵횮볤,뇭쿖돶뷰죚놾뗄슢뛏뗘캻헽퓚늻뗄웳튵럗럗얬솦붵뗍돉놾,뛸탂뗄퓋쫤쫖뛎뫍뛏볓잿ꆣ짺닺릤틕뗄룄뷸잡잡캪붵뗍돉놾뒴퓬쇋쳵볾ꆣ웳튵뗄듳탍뮯쯹듸살뗄튻룶뻞듳뗄뇤뮯쫇웳튵뾪쪼뷸탐볛룱햽,헢훖쓣쯀컒믮뗄뺺헹뗄웳튵쯹폐좨폫뿘훆좨뗄럖샫,퓚웳튵맦쒣늻뛏뷡맻쫇짺듦쿂살뗄웳튵돉쇋쫐뎡뗄슢뛏헟ꆣ쇭삩듳뗄맽돌훐,듳늿럖뗄닺퓶뎤뚼쫇평삩듳튻훖뷡맻쫇ꆰ듳볒뫏퓚튻웰,쿱튻룶죋쓇퇹믮쿂막욱랢탐뛮퓬돉뗄,막좨뗄럖즢폖뷸튻늽볓뻧좥ꆱ,튲뻍쫇쮵,뷨훺폚볦늢,킡웳튵뇜쏢쇋솽냜쇋쯹폐좨뫍뿘훆좨뗄럖샫,뛸헢훖솽좨럖샫폖뻣짋뗄볛룱뺺헹ꆣ뗚튻듎쫀뷧듳햽뷡쫸횮뫳,퇜짺돶쇋막뚫뫍뺭샭횮볤뗄캯췐ꆪꆪꆪ듺샭맘뗚뛾듎웳튵볦늢샋뎱살쇙쇋ꆣ랢짺폚1919쓪쾵ꆣ횰튵뺭샭죋ퟷ캪웳튵뗄맜샭헟쫇퓚듳릫쮾떽1921쓪볤뗄헢뎡볦늢쫇퓚막욱쫐뎡뾴헇뗄샯돶쿖뗄맜샭뒴탂,튲뿉쫓ퟷ샍뚯솦럖릤뗄뷸놳뺰쿂랢짺뗄ꆣ튻킩틔랢웰탂릫쮾캪횰튵뗄튻늽짮뮯,헢튻맜샭뒴탂쫗쿈돶쿖폚듳탍뗄쳺죋랢쿖뫜죝틗룣떽놾,뇣폃살룣춶믺ꆣ헢듎슷웳튵ꆣ듓샭싛짏살쮵,퓚죎뫎캯췐ꆪꆪꆪ듺샭볦늢늻싛춨맽뿘춶릫쮾믲닉좡릫뾪뫏늢뗄ퟶ맘쾵쿂쏦,뚼믡듦퓚ퟅ듺샭죋탐캪폫캯췐죋쒿램,웤쒿뗄뚼쫇쏅캪쇋샻폃막욱쫐뎡뗄싲뷸뇪횮볤뗄닮틬ꆣ듺샭죋튻냣뚼폐ퟔ벺뗄킧폃ퟮ럧뎱ꆣ돉솢탂릫쮾틢캶ퟅ돖폐탂뗄막욱,뛸퓚듳뮯쒿뇪,뛸쟒룃쒿뇪폫캯췐죋뗄쒿뇪췹췹쫇막욱탐쫐뾴헇뗄쟩뿶쿂,뻍뫜죝틗뗃튻뇊뿍늻튻훂뗄ꆣ떱듺샭죋뗄탐캪믲웤탐캪뗄뷡맻컞맛뗄샻죳ꆣ뛔폚릤튵놾짭살쮵,횮쯹틔튪룣볦램놻캯췐죋돤럖맛달떽뗄쪱뫲,듺샭죋뻍폐뿉ꆤ43ꆤ
ꆡ톧쫵퓂뾯ꆡ.ꆡ쓜닉좡컾짼캯췐죋샻틦뗄탐캪살싺ퟣퟔ벺뗄ퟮ튵뗄쓚늿뛸늻쫇쯼뗄췢늿ꆣ퓚헢횮잰,놾훷듳뮯쒿뇪ꆣ퓚릫쮾막뚫뫍뺭샭맘쾵훐튲듦퓚ퟅ틥짧믡뗄믹놾떥캻쫇ꆰ샻틦벯췅ꆱ,튻룶샻틦벯헢퇹뗄컊쳢,뺭샭뗄쒿뇪폫막뚫뗄쒿뇪쫇늻췪췅쫇뒦폚릲춬뿘훆횮쿂뗄죴룉릫쮾,웤좨솦춨뎣좫튻훂뗄ꆣ샽죧,튻룶뺭샭뿉쓜뫜샖폚퓶볓릫놻튻룶춶틸탐믲짌튵틸탐믲튻룶듳뗄볒ퟥ닆쮾뗄죕뎣풤쯣뾪횧,헢퇹쯻뿉뿘훆믲횱뷓폃폚닺뿘훆,쫂쪵짏춶틸탐뫍짌튵틸탐췹췹튲쫇평웤룶죋쿻럑뗄뷰뻍믡룼뛠ꆣ듳볒ퟥ뿘훆뗄ꆣ떱샻틦벯췅뗄돉풱돶쿖샻틦돥쿖듺듳탍웳튵훐뗄듺샭맘쾵폐벸룶닣쏦,춻쪱,뿘훆좨솦뗄샻틦(뇈죧듳볒ퟥ뗄샻틦)뻍믡맣듳킡막뚫뫍뚭쫂믡횮볤뗄맘쾵,뚭쫂믡뫍뺭햼짏럧ꆣ뗈떽듺샭죋훰붥뿘훆웳튵뫳,틀뾿샻틦샭횮볤뗄맘쾵,틔벰뺭샭뫍횰릤횮볤뗄맘쾵ꆣ벯췅살킭뗷샻틦뗄헢훖얦듸놻웆뮵쇋,벯췅샻틦맣듳킡막뚫늢늻헦헽뗘맘탄웳튵뗄튵벨,쯻쏇뗄훘튪탔톸쯙쿂붵,뛸릫쮾샻틦퓲뇤뗃풽살풽훘룼맘탄막욱뗄볛룱,쓇쎴,캪쪲쎴폐뗄웳튵뗄듳튪ꆣ쳘뇰쫇떱듳릫쮾랢쿖ퟔ벺뗄슢뛏샻죳캪릫막뚫쓾풸ퟔ벺맜샭웳튵,듓뛸쪹웳튵듸폐(샠)쮾쳡릩쇋듳솿뗄쓚늿뷰쪱,췢늿뷰살풴뻍뇤볒ퟥ웳튵뗄쳘뗣?뗃늻퓙훘튪ꆣ춬쪱,볒ퟥ닆닺뗄뗬믹죋훰붥쯀좥,냑쯻쏇돖폐뗄막욱쇴룸쇋컞쫽뗄볌돐죋ꆢ믹죽ꆢ볒ퟥ웳튵뗄퇝뇤:뷰믡ꆢ듈짆쫂튵ꆢ탅췐믹뷰뗈,퓸뺭뛔웳튵쪵탐뻸맦쒣쫕틦뫍듺샭돉놾뛔뿘훆뗄쯹폐좨튲뇤뗃럇뎣럖즢,헢튲쪹뗃떥룶릫쮾뗄샻틦뇤뗃풽살풽뛀솢ꆣꆡꆡ놾훷틥랢햹퓧웚듸폐(샠)볒ퟥ웳튵쳘뗣볒ퟥ퓚쿖듺듳릫쮾쓚뗄펰쿬솦뗄쿂붵,늢뗄훐킡웳튵뗄샺쪷뻍늻폃뛠쮵쇋,퓚잰컄훐컒늻틢캶ퟅ볒ퟥ뗄펰쿬뻍쿻쪧쇋믲헟늻퓙훘튪쏇틑뺭쮵맽,훐킡웳튵듓튻뾪쪼뻍폫톪풵ꆢ쟗쇋,잡잡쿠랴,볒ퟥ죔좻퓚듳릫쮾훐웰ퟅ훘튪뗄풵ꆢ뗘풵뫍튵풵솪쾵퓚튻웰ꆣ19쫀볍뗄뫳냫ퟷ폃ꆣ샽죧,퓚뺭샭늿쏅죋풱뗄톡냎랽쏦,닆튶,듳릫쮾벱뻧뗘랢햹,쫗쿈쫇퓚뷰죚뫍쳺슷쇬뢻ꆢ볒ퟥ맘쾵믲쫇룶죋(믲볒ퟥ)돖폐뗄듳ퟚ막폲,떽19쫀볍쒩삩듳떽쇋릤튵,좻뫳퓚듳뛠쫽욱쯹웰뗄ퟷ폃뻍쫇럇뎣훘튪뗄,짵훁쫇뻶뚨탔뗄웤쯻쇬폲랢햹웰살ꆣ튻냣쟩뿶쿂,퓧웚뗄뻞뗄ꆣ떫쫇,떱듺놾훷틥샺쪷(쳘뇰쫇쏀맺뗄샺탍웳튵뗄ퟩ횯헟볈쫇뷰죚볒폖쫇웳튵뗄뒴냬쪷)쯹돶쿖뗄쟩뿶쫇,틔볒ퟥ캪뫋탄뗄샻틦벯췅죋,죋쏇죏캪헢킩듳짌죋ꆰ퓚싓뛡쾰맟뫍뛔릫릲뗄ퟷ폃퓚쿂붵,릫쮾뗄샻틦쿔뗃룼볓훘튪쇋,릫뢣샻뗄좱짙맘탄랽쏦,쫇춬럢붨쇬훷쿠쯆뗄ꆱ,쮾뗄탐뚯ꆰ튻쟐쫓ퟮ듳샻죳퓚쪲쎴뗘랽캪틆ꆱꆣ틲듋놻돆캪ꆰ듳뻽ꆱꆣꆰ듳뻽ꆱ킧훒폚쯻ퟔ벺뫍웤폫ꆰ듳뻽ꆱ쿠뇈,뺭샭쿔좻폐ퟅ쏷쿔뗄늻춬ꆣ볒ퟥ(퓚웤닺뷗벶뗄탎첬훐,볒ퟥ퓚놾훊짏횻컒쏇쯹튪뷸튻늽ힷ컊뗄튻룶컊쳢쫇,쓑뗀볒쫇룶죋뗄삩듳)ꆣ떫쫇,쯦ퟅ릫쮾맦쒣뗄뷸튻늽ퟥ펰쿬솦퓚웳튵훐훰붥쿂붵횻쫇튻룶볲떥뗄샺돉뎤,듺샭죋(횰튵뺭샭)돉쇋쪵볊짏뗄맜샭헟,쪷쟷쫆싰?믲헟쮵,헢튻샺쪷쟷쫆쫇럱뿉틔놻듳늢쟒풽살풽뛠뗘뿘훆쇋웳튵ꆣ막뚫(볒ퟥ)뫍뺭샭뷗닣뗄샭탔톡퓱쯹뷢쫍?떱평듺샭죋뿘훆뗄듳릫쮾폐죽룶훷튪뗄쳘좻,컒쏇뗄듰낸쫇뿏뚨뗄ꆣ떱웳튵뗄쯹폐좨뫍뺭뗣:뗚튻,뿘훆좨헆컕퓚뺭샭늿쏅벴뚭쫂믡볓훷펪좨랢짺럖샫뗄쪱뫲,떱듺샭죋(뺭샭)좡뗃릫쮾튪탐헾죋풱쫖훐,췢늿샻틦쯤좻퓚뚭쫂믡샯폐뿘훆좨샻뗄쪱뫲,쿖듺뺭볃톧훐쯹쮵뗄캯췐ꆪꆪꆪ듺뇭,떫늢쎻폐쪵좨;뗚뛾,뺭볃늿쏅쫇튻룶ퟔ듺샭컊쳢뇣닺짺쇋ꆣ컒쏇쿈듳훂뗘쏨쫶튻쿂평탐폀뻃듦퓚쿂좥뗄벯췅,쯹캽뛔좫쳥막뚫뢺퓰폚캯췐죋뫍듺샭죋횮볤탅쾢늻뛔돆뛸룸캯췐죋쪵볊짏횻쫇튻뻤뿕뮰;뗚죽,릫쮾춨맽탎돉쓚늿듸살뗄돉놾,헢훖돉놾훷튪닺짺폚듺샭죋평폚닉뗄뷰(뛸늻쫇뷨뿮)뇜쏢뛔폚뷰죚뿘훆뗄쟼좡튻킩믺믡훷틥뗄탐캪틔ힷ쟳룶죋샻틦,뛸뛔쯹럾ꆣ퓚평듺샭죋뿘훆뗄릫쮾샯,좨솦듦퓚폚웳폐헟샻틦닺짺뗄쯰몦,헢릹돉쇋웳튵뗄ꆰ듺샭돉ꆤ44ꆤ
ꆡ톧쫵퓂뾯ꆡ.ꆡ놾ꆱꆣ퓚듦퓚듺샭돉놾뗄쟩뿶쿂,죧맻컒쏇맛달뫳,쯻뻍믡쪹ퟔ벺쿗짭폚솽룶쒿뗄:퇘ퟅ뺭샭뗄떽뗄쿖쿳쫇죔좻폐듳솿뗄웳튵붻평뺭샭살맜샭,뷗쳝쿲짏엀;쳡룟쯻뗄릫쮾퓚릫쮾뷧뗄쿠뛔뗘쓇쎴컒쏇뿉틔에뛏ꆪꆪꆪ횻튪컒쏇늻럱죏쯹폐헟캻ꆣ쪵볊짏헢솽룶쒿뗄쫇쓑틔쟸뇰뗄:튻룶쟠튲쫇샭탔뗄ꆪꆪꆪ평뺭샭죋살듺샭웳튵뗄맜샭쯹쓪죋퓚릫쮾훐횰캻뗄쳡룟,틀삵폚쯻뛔룄뷸릫닺짺뗄쫕틦튻뚨뎬맽듺샭돉놾ꆣ쮾뗄뗘캻쯹ퟷ뗄릱쿗ꆣ쯹틔퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏,뺭듳릫쮾쯹폐좨뫍뺭펪좨쿠럖샫뚼쫇퓚웳튵샭뗄룶죋쒿뇪늢늻쫇폫웳튵뗄쒿뇪쿠쎬뛜뗄,맦쒣늻뛏삩헅뗄맽돌훐랢짺뗄,퓚웳튵맦쒣늻튲헽틲죧듋,쪵볊짏뗄듺샭돉놾컊쳢늢늻쫇쓇뛏삩헅뗄쟩뿶쿂,죔좻쿫춨맽쯹폐좨쪵쪩뛔웳쎴퇏훘ꆣ쳘뇰쫇퓚뛌웚,솽헟볤뗄쒿뇪룼볓튻튵뗄뿘훆쫇늻쿖쪵뗄,쯹틔컒쏇쫗쿈탨튪뾼싇훂ꆣ듓짏쏦뗄볲떥럖컶컒쏇뿉틔뗃떽튻룶뷡맦쒣삩헅룸웳튵쯹듸살뗄쫕틦쫇럱ퟣ틔뗖뎥듺싛,웳튵훎샭뷡릹뗄뇤뮯ꆪꆪꆪ볒ퟥ퓚웳튵훐뗄샭돉놾ꆣ쯦ퟅ맦쒣뗄삩듳,웳튵쓜릻퓋폃룼뫃ퟷ폃쿂붵,뛸듺샭죋훰붥뿘훆쇋웳튵ꆪꆪꆪ뿉틔뗄ힰ놸,쓜릻퓚뿆퇐폫뾪랢(R&D)랽쏦춶죫룼평쯹폐헟뫍뺭펪헟쮫랽뗄샭탔톡퓱볓틔뷢쫍ꆣ뛠뗄뷰ꆢ죋솦뫍컯솦,쯹틔,춬킡웳튵쿠뇈,듳늻쓑샭뷢,헢훖웳튵훆뛈뗄뇤뮯뛔폚쿠맘뗄쮫릫쮾쓜릻룼뛠뗘뛸늻쫇룼짙뗘ힷ쟳샻죳ꆣ듋랽뚼쫇폐틦뗄ꆣ떱좻,볲떥뗄돉놾ꆪꆪꆪ쫕틦럖췢,뿉쓜쫇룼캪훘튪뗄,횰튵뺭샭뷗닣ퟷ캪튻훖컶쯹쓜릻룦쯟컒쏇뗄뚫컷쫇럇뎣폐쿞뗄ꆣ돽쇋뛀솢뗄횰튵뗄닺짺,듙뷸쇋짧믡뗄럖릤,평폚듳뺭샭뗄샻틦폫웳튵샻틦뗄쿠맘탔틔췢,횮쯹틔탍웳튵뗄튵컱럇뎣뢴퓓,평튻룶쏅뗄뺭샭뷗듺샭죋훆뛈쓜릻퓚쿖듺웳튵훆뛈훐톸쯙뗘랢닣뷸탐듺샭뿉틔춨맽럖릤쳡룟뺭펪믮뚯뗄킧햹,튻뚨폫튻킩룼볓짮뿌뗄풭틲폐맘ꆣꆰ퓚헢킩싊,웤뷡맻뻍쫇웳튵샻죳뗄퓶뎤ꆣퟩ횯샯,뻶닟릦쓜폫럧쿕돐떣릦쓜듦퓚뗄럖샫,뛔폚뺭샭살쮵,쯤좻룶죋뗄쒿뇪늢늻ퟜ쫇늿럖쫇틲캪뺭펪폫럧쿕돐떣럖즢뮯쯹닺짺뗄뫃폫웳튵뗄(믲헟쮵쯹폐헟뗄)쒿뇪쿠튻훂,떫헢뒦,뮹틲캪폐튻훖웕뇩폐킧뗄랽램,뿉뿘훆뻶닟훖욫샫튲쫇폐쿞뗄ꆣ틲캪듳뛠쫽뗄뺭샭쫇듓웳릦쓜폫럧쿕돐떣릦쓜럖샫뛸닺짺뗄듺샭컊쳢ꆱꆣ튵쓚늿쳡냎짏살뗄,떱튻룶죋뷸죫튻룶릫쮾틔(퓰죎뇠벭:췵쪤잿)(짏뷓뗚50튳)쳘뇰탐헾쟸볒ퟥ웳튵뗄퇐뺿랢쿖:웳튵훷뛔쟗붻횯뗄훆뛈뮷뺳훐,헢솽훖풼쫸뚯첬뗘뻶뚨뫍쫴뗄맍펶뛠냫돶폚샭탔짏뗄뾼싇,뛸늻쫇떥떥룄뇤ퟅ웳튵볒뗄탐캪뿕볤ꆣ볒ퟥ쪽웳튵뗄돉뎤평폚죥볒볒ퟥ훷틥컄뮯뒫춳뗄뷡맻ꆣ퓚뚫쓏퇇슷뺶쳥쿖쇋훐맺죋뗄훆뛈뒴탂쓜솦뫍퓚룷훖퇏뮪죋볒ퟥ웳튵훐,웳튵볒틑붫컷랽쮼쿫뫍컄뮯룱뗄풼쫸쿂톰쟳욽뫢뫍놣돖헅솦뗄쓜솦ꆣ떱잰폫훐맺뒫춳죥볒쮼쿫쿠뷡뫏,탎돉쇋튻훖컷랽듳엺솿볒ퟥ쪽웳튵뗄돉릦짏쫐횤쏷쇋ꆰ볒ퟥ뮯ꆱ죋돆캪ꆰ낻룱슳죶뿋톷뫍훐맺튪쯘뗄믬뫏쒣뻟폐췧잿뗄짺쏼솦뫍ퟔ컒삩헅쓜솦ꆣ볓죫쪽ꆱ,헢훖붨솢퓚훐컷죚뫏뗄뮪죋웳튵컄뮯믹뒡WTO,컞틉룸볒ퟥ쪽웳튵듸살훮뛠믺폶,춬쪱짏뗄뺭펪맜샭쒣쪽캪쯻쏇뗄웳튵쳡릩쇋룼듳뗄폖쪹쯼쏇쏦쇙룼듳뗄쳴햽,볒ퟥ쪽웳튵ퟩ횯훆랢햹뿕볤ꆣ쿖쪵훐,맺쓚튻킩폐쏻뗄볒ퟥ쪽웳뛈탎쪽벰ퟩ횯탐캪폫짧믡뺭볃훆뛈뮷뺳횮볤튲튵풽돶볒ퟥ뷧쿞좥톡퓱쏅뺭샭죋풱뗄쫂샽틑붫랢짺늻춬탎쪽뗄돥춻,잡죧웤쯻ퟩ횯탎쪽튲늻쿊볻ꆣ튲폐튻킩웳튵볒냑ퟓ얮쯍췹컷랽랢듯쓑쏢폐헢훖돥춻튻퇹ꆣ떫쫇,훐뮪뒫춳컄뮯ퟮ맺볒톧쾰쿖듺뺭펪맜샭,틔뇣톧돉뫳믘ퟔ벺볒듳뗄쳘뗣뻍쫇죍탔뫍냼죝탔,쯼믡죚죫튻킩쿖ퟥ웳튵닎폫맜샭ꆣ헢뇣퓬돉쇋헢퇹뗄쫂쪵:볒듺뗄ꆢ컷랽뗄뚫컷,퓙뢳폨튻킩탂뗄훆뛈몭틥,ퟥ뺭펪폫튵맜샭죋닅뗄뺭펪늢탐늻ꆣ훕훁탂뗄욽뫢ꆣ훐맺뗄룄룯랢짺폚헽쪽뫍럇헽쪽풼쫸쿠뮥(퓰죎뇠벭:췵쪤잿)ꆤ45ꆤ
ExternalMarket,FamilyEnterprisesandItsEvolutionofInstitutionTangShaoxingAbstract:Therelationshipsbetweenevolutionsofenterpriseꆯ,includingcommoditymarket,financialmarket,labormarketandmanagermarketgreatlypromotesthelarge-scaleofmoderncapitalistenterprises;meanwhile,:externalmarket,familyenterprises,evolutionofinstitutionWhyCantheFamilyBusinessExistinChina?XiaoYanAbstract:TheauthorstatesthatꆰfamilyownershipꆱisanimportantformofChinaꆯ,society,cultureandenterpriseinstitution,thispapersur2veysthespecialenterpriseforminitsmechanismofformation,,theauthorfindsthatthereisacompatibilitybetweentherulesofChinesetraditionalculture,themodernmarketeconomyandthemodernenterpriseinstitution,:familybusiness,formation,efficiency,trendofevolutionTheEssentialFeaturesofTraditionalChinesePaintingJiangKongyangAbstract:Firstly,theuniqueartisticflavoroftraditionalChinesepaintingissimplythecombinationofbrush2work,strokes,,theꆰ즢뗣춸쫓(scatteredfocusinperspective)ꆱdrawingisusedtocreateimagesinChinesepainting,whichisnotlimitedbytimeandspace,andalsonotrestrictedinproportiontorealisticobjects,,traditionalChinesepaintingisacomprehensiveartcombiningcalligraphy,poems,inscriptions,:traditionalChinesepainting,brushworkandstrokes,lines,comprehensiveartTheSixCategoriesofChineseCharactersandTraditionalChineseAestheticsYueShanyueAbstract:TheauthorsuggeststhatthelawoftheꆰSixAncientCategoriesofChineseCharactersꆱisꆤ134ꆤ
