进展期胃癌个体化药物治疗
——药物优化与个体化探索
北京大学肿瘤医院 消化肿瘤内科
沈 琳
2010年 5月CACA
目前胃癌化疗药物
氟脲嘧啶类包括口服药:5-FU, capecitabine, S-1
紫杉醇类:紫杉醇、多稀紫杉醇。
铂类:DDP、OXA(oxaliplatin)
蒽环类:EPI
拓扑异构酶I抑制剂:Irinotecan(CPT-11), HCPT
靶向治疗药物: Herceptin,AVASTIN, C225, …..
Randomized Phase III Study In First Line For AGC
Study Regime
n
N RR (%) p OS p
V325
2006
DCF
CF
103
105
.012
.0064
Kang Y
2006
XP
FP
160
156
41
29
m
S. Al-Batran
2006
FLO
FP
98
102
34
27
(TTP)
Wasaburo
2008
S-1+PDD
S-1
145
150
54
31
.002
m
.04
J Ajani 5FU+PDD
S-1+PDD
508
521
NS
NS
Cunningham
2008
ECF
ECX
EOF
EOX
249
241
235
239
NS m
m
m
NS
胃癌化疗存在的临床问题
• 三药同时联合高效、高毒!
• 氟尿嘧啶类药物为基础的两药联合成为共识方案,
是靶向药物联合基础以及对照方案
• 疗效提升空间仍然很大,一线方案仍待优化
• 但个体化进程较慢
方案的改良
• 减少药物组合——三药变两药
• 改变给药方法——三周变两周或一周
• 更换药物——新药换老药
目的:保证疗效,减低毒性!
如何优化方案
• 1+1=2
• 1+1>2
从临床到基础
• 序贯
• 一线选择
N
N
HN
F
O
O
O
HO OH
O
HN
N
F
O
O
HO OH
O
HN
N
H
F
O
O
TP DPD
Anabolic
pathway
Tumor
5’-DFUR 5-FU
TP : Thymidine phosphorylase
DPD : Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase
FUPA
FBAL
FUH2 (inactive)
Xeloda
Growth
inhibition
F
H
H
H
HN
N
H
O
O
Factors that affect Xeloda Efficacy
The efficacy of Capecitabine correlated with the ratio of TP/DPD.
DPD exists in various types of human cancers
0 5 10 15 200 50 100 150 200
*(mg/kg)
Control
Taxol
Taxotere
Vincristine
Vinblastine
Vindesine
Mitomycin C
Doxorubicin
CDDP
Control
Methotrexate
CPA
100
15
3
5
5
10
50
200
DPD
(pmol/mg protein/min)
* P < vs. Control by the Student’s t-test
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Induction of TP by antitumor agents
(Human WiDr colon cancer xenograft)(Human WiDr colon cancer xenograft)
Combination with TP up-regulators
oxaliplatin *
Taxol:Taxol: TP Induction and TP Induction and
Enhancement of antitumor activity of XelodaEnhancement of antitumor activity of Xeloda
0 2 4 6 8 10
20
15
10
5
0
Days after
taxol administration(iv)
Taxol
.
(U/mg protein)
TP activity in tumor
Control
100 mg/kg
15 mg/kg
Taxol+5-FU
0
20 25 30 35 40 45 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Control
Taxol(qw)
Taxol+Xeloda
Control
Taxol
5-FU
Xeloda 5-FU
Tumor volume change
Days after tumor innoculation
(cm3)
Xeloda(qd)
Human colorectal tumor, WiDr (refractory to capecitabine: due to low TP/DPD ratio)
Sawada N., Ishitsuka H. et al, Clin. Cancer Res., 4, 1013
Combination with Taxol
如何优化方案
• 1+1>2
从基础到临床
多个小样本临床研究显示
了紫杉醇与卡培他滨联合
应用在胃癌一二线中都显
示出很好的前景
A phase II study of Capecitabine in combination with
paclitaxel sequenced with capecitabine maintenance as
1st line therapy in advanced or recurrent gastric cancer
ML20312 (ongoing)
PTX+CAPE
CAPE
• Pathologically
confirmed,
unrectable,
measurable
lesions
• First line
• KPS>70
4-6cys RR+SD
Untill the patients intolerance or PD
Cape1000mg/m2 bid d1-14
PTX 80mg/m2 d1,8, Q3w
Cape1000mg/m2 bid d1-14
Primary results---PTX+Cape
sequenced with Cape
• 192 patiens,158 evaluated
CR 2 cases,PR 61 cases (%)
SD 74cases(%)
PD 21cases(%)
DCR %
• 同样是病理明确的胃腺癌,同样的分期,接受同样的
药物、同样的剂量化疗,取得的疗效不同。
• 临床特点相同的个体,肿瘤分子生物学特性大不相同,
导致治疗效果的差异
个体化?
β-tubulin Ⅲ、TP、TS表达与XPa有效率的相关性
36例XPa方案化疗患者临床疗效
有效 无效 有效率 P 值
TS mRNA
低表达 10 7 %
高表达 7 12 %
TP mRNA
低表达 5 15 %
高表达 12 7 %
β-tubulin Ⅲ
低表达 11 7 %
高表达 6 12 %
TP 和 β-tubulin Ⅲ 表达
TP高/β-tubulin Ⅲ 低表达 7 1 %
TP高/β-tubulin Ⅲ 高表达 5 6 % *
TP低/β-tubulin Ⅲ 高表达 4 6 40% *
TP低/β-tubulin Ⅲ 高表达 1 6 % *
实验结果
注:*为与第一组比较结果
实验结果
33例接受卡培他滨+紫杉醇化疗患者中β-tubulin III表达与疗效及预后的关系:
β-tubulin III
表达分组
+- ++ +++
negative positive
CR+PR SD+PD Total RR P值 TTP(d) P值 OS(d) P值
β-tubulin III组化
Positive 8 13 22 % 86 201
Negative 8 3 11 % 237 388
结论:β-tubulin III低表达患者接受紫杉醇治疗的疗效及预后较好。
Analysis the relationship of β-tubulin III expression and PFS
、 OS in AGC patients with CAPE+PTX
β-tubulin III
- ++
negative positive
CR+PR SD+PD Total RR P TTP(d) P OS(d) P
β-tubulin III组化
Positive 8 13 22 % 86 201
Negative 8 3 11 % 237 388
Patients can got more benefit inβ-tubulin III low expresions group
OS TTP
TS、DPYD、MTHFR基因分型与疗效、TTP及OS的相关性:
结论:
在所检测病例中未检测到DPYD基因IVS14+1G>A突变;
TS基因5’端UTR区3R/3R基因型的疗效、TTP及OS均较2R/3R基因型高;
3’端+6/+6基因型的疗效及总生存期最高。
MTHFR不同基因型中,TT型的有效率及OS>CC型>CT型
实验结果
Genotype CR+PR SD+PD P Value TTP(d) P Value OS(d) P Value
TS-VNTR+G/C SNP*
Group A
Group B
12
41
20
43
129
149
205
261
TS-VNTR (28bp repeat)
2/3
3/3
23
30
36
27
129
178
247
250
TS-1494del6
+6/+6
+6/-6
-6/-6
7
24
22
7
32
24
149
122
152
261
170
205
MTHFR-C677T
CC
CT
TT
14
19
20
13
34
16
179
158
97
250
207
273
注:Group A: 2R/2R+2R/3C+3C/3C ;Group B: 2R/3G+3G/3C+3G/3G
胃癌药物治疗的个体化选择
• TS、 TP、 DPD?
• β-tubulin III ?
• SNP?
• 预测疗效、预后标志物?
分子标志物
18
ML22697---III期多中心、随机、对照研究
随
机
1:1
紫杉醇+卡培他滨
顺铂+卡培他滨
4周期
直到进展或
至少6周期
卡培他滨 直到进展
A组
B组
• 晚期/复发胃或胃食管结合部腺癌
• 未接受过化疗,或经新辅助、辅助化疗结束超过6个月出现进展
N=320
胃癌靶向药物治疗
——个体化治疗的体现
Protocol design of ToGA
HER2-positive
advanced GC
(n=584)
5-FU or capecitabinea
+ cisplatin
(n=290)
R
aChosen at investigator’s discretion
GEJ, gastroesophageal junction
5-FU or capecitabinea
+ cisplatin
+ trastuzumab
(n=294)
Stratification factors
− advanced vs metastatic
− GC vs GEJ
− measurable vs non-measurable
− ECOG PS 0-1 vs 2
− capecitabine vs 5-FU
Phase III, randomized, open-label, international, multicenter study
1Bang et al; Abstract 4556, ASCO 2009
3807 patients screened1
810 HER2-positive (%)
HER2-positivity rate
Europe (%)
Asia (%)
Taiwan %
(n=34)
Australia %
(n=61)
China %±
(n=590)
Positive ratio of HER2 is similar in Europe/Asia area,
but different among countries
patients of our center enrolled in ToGA study
104 AGC pts without previous chemotherapy screened
– HER2 positive in 33 pts (%)
19 pts by FISH,2 by IHC(3+), 11 pts by both methods,
1 pts unknown,
– 25 pts randomized:20 pts of XP,5 pts of XP+H
– Response rate:PR 11/25 44%
in 5 pts of XP+H : 2 PR, 1 perforation,2 SD, 2 PD,
one pts continued treatment of 36cyc(SD after 6cyc of XP----30 cyc of
maintained herceptin with SD, the last administration was 2 weeks ago
)
11
3
OS in IHC2+/FISH+ or IHC3+
(exploratory analysis)
363432302826242220181614121086420
Time (months)
FC + T
FC
Events
120
136
HR
95% CI
,
Median
OS
Event
218
198
4
0
5
3
12
4
20
11
228
218
196
170
170
141
142
112
122
96
100
75
84
53
65
39
51
28
1
0
0
0
No.
at risk
39
20
28
13
2022/10/26
Investigator initiated studies in AGC
EXTRA study
A phase II study of cetuximab (Erbitux®)
with cisplatin and capecitabine (Xeloda) as
1st line treatment in the advanced gastric
cancer
Waterfall plot of single center
Hazard ratio 95%CI P value
rash
TGFα
EGF
EGFA61G polymorphism
Predictive markers to cetuximab in EXTRA study
Skin rash 2/3:
Rash 0/1:
TGF-α-high
TGF-α-low
EGFA61G GG
EGFA61G: GA
Multiple variant analysis
How to resolve the Clinical Issues?
• Prospective trial:
large group patients ,unified agent
detail document data
base of FU
Tissue bank
Analyses of
gene/proteinRetropective
study
Individual treatment
不断的转化研究过程!
Thank You For Your Attention!