河南省未来青少年教育研究中心 第十四届河南省青少年模拟联合国峰会
联合国可持续发展目标
背景文件
What World Do You Want in 2030?
河南省未来青少年教育研究中心 第十四届河南省青少年模拟联合国峰会
Committee: The United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA)
The United Nations Environment Assembly is the world’s highest-level decision-making body on the environment. It addresses the critical
environmental challenges facing the world today. Understanding these challenges and preserving and rehabilitating our environment is at
the heart of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
The Environment Assembly meets biennially to set priorities for global environmental policies and develop international environmental law.
Through its resolutions and calls to action, the Assembly provides leadership and catalyses intergovernmental action on the environment.
Decision-making requires broad participation, which is why the Assembly provides an opportunity for all peoples to help design solutions
for our planet’s health.
Topic: Goal 13:Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
Increase capacity on facing natural disasters.
Education and Awareness on climate change.
Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and poor agricultural
practices, are disrupting the environment and economies around the world. Greenhouse
gas emissions are higher than ever, driving the quick rise in Earth's surface temperature.
Whether it be rising sea levels or extreme weather events, climate change is effecting
everyone, everywhere.
2019 was the second warmest year on record and the end of the warmest decade (2010-
2019) ever recorded. Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and other greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere rose to new records in 2019. Climate change is affecting every country on
every continent. It is disrupting national economies and affecting lives. Weather patterns
are changing, sea levels are rising, and weather events are becoming more extreme.
The greenhouse gas emissions from human activities are driving climate change
and continue to rise. They are now at their highest levels in history. Global
emissions of carbon dioxide have increased by almost 50% since 1990.
From 1880 to 2012, average global temperature increased by °C. Without
action, the world’s average surface temperature is projected to rise over the 21st
century and is likely to surpass 3 degrees Celsius this century. The poorest and
most vulnerable people are being affected the most.
From 1901 to 2010, the global average sea level rose by 19 cm as oceans expanded
due to warming and melted ice. The Arctic’s sea ice extent has shrunk in every
successive decade since 1979, with million km² of ice loss every decade.
Ba
ck
g
ro
un
d
河南省未来青少年教育研究中心 第十四届河南省青少年模拟联合国峰会
The world is on the brink of a climate catastrophe and current actions and plans
to address the crisis are insufficient. Without transformative action starting now
and within this decade to reduce greenhouse gas emissions deeply and rapidly in
all sectors, the °C target will be at risk and with it the lives of more than 3
billion people. Failure to act leads to intensifying heatwaves, droughts, flooding,
wildfires, sea-level rise, and famines. Emissions should already be decreasing
now and will need to be cut almost by half by 2030 - a mere seven years from
now. To combat climate change and its impacts by 2030, urgent and
transformative action is needed to meet the commitments under the Paris
Agreement across mitigation and adaptation efforts.
• Target : The number of deaths and missing persons due to disasters
per 100,000 population has steadily decreased from during
2005-2015 to during 2012-2021. However, the number of persons
affected by disasters per 100,000 people rose from 1,198 during
2005-2015 to 2,113 during 2012-2021. The number of countries with
national strategies for disaster risk reduction has increased from 55 in
2015 to 126 by the end of 2021. Based on this, a total of 118 countries
have reported having some level of policy coherence with other global
frameworks, such as the 2030 Agenda and the Paris Agreement.
• Target : Global temperatures have already hit °C, rising due to
increasing global greenhouse gas emissions, which reached record highs
in 2021. Instead of decreasing emissions as required by the target to limit
warming, carbon dioxide levels increased from 2020 to 2021 at a rate
higher than the average annual growth rate of the last decade and is
already 149% higher than pre-industrial levels. Projected cumulative
future CO2 emissions over the lifetime of existing and currently planned
fossil fuel infrastructure exceed the total cumulative net CO2 emissions
in pathways that limit warming to °C (>50%) with no or limited
overshoot.
• Target : An analysis of 100 national curriculum frameworks reveals
that nearly half (47%) do not mention climate change. In 2021, despite
95% of teachers recognizing the importance of teaching about climate
change severity, only one-third are capable of effectively explaining its
effects in their region. Additionally, 70% of young people can only
describe the broad principles of climate change in 2022.
• Target : According to the OECD, total climate finance provided and
mobilised by developed countries for developing countries amounted to
$ billion in 2020, a 4% increase from 2019, but still short of the $100
billion target. Climate finance remains primarily targeted to mitigation;
however, and adaptation finance continues to lag, with international
finance flows to developing countries 5-10 times below estimated needs.
Re
ce
nt
D
ev
el
op
m
en
t
河南省未来青少年教育研究中心 第十四届河南省青少年模拟联合国峰会
pm
en
t
河南省未来青少年教育研究中心 第十四届河南省青少年模拟联合国峰会
Tr
ea
tie
s
an
d
A
gr
ee
m
en
ts
Sustainable Development Goals
This movement began in 2016 to replace the Millennium Development Goals.
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, through paragraph 31 “calls for the
widest possible international cooperation aimed at accelerating the reduction of
global greenhouse gas emissions and addressing adaptation to the adverse impacts of
climate change”.
Paris Agreement
The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, aims to strengthen the global response to the
threat of climate change by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below
2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. The agreement also aims to strengthen
the ability of countries to deal with the impacts of climate change, through
appropriate financial flows, a new technology framework and an enhanced capacity
building framework.
The Future We Want
In the Future We Want(Paragraph 190-191), in January 2012 Member States
express their profound alarm about the continuous rising, at global level, of
greenhouse emission and the "significant gap between the aggregate effect of
mitigation pledges by parties in terms of global annual emissions of greenhouse
gases by 2020 and aggregate emission pathways consistent with having a likely
chance of holding the increase in global average temperature below 2° C, or ° C
above pre-industrial levels".
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was negotiated in
1992 and came into force in 1994. The goal of the treaty is to stabilize greenhouse
gas concentrations in the atmosphere to prevent dangerous human interference with
the climate system. One of the main ways that parties to the treaty aim to achieve
this goal is by reducing their carbon emissions. However, it is not always possible or
practical for individual countries to reduce their emissions on their own. To help
countries meet their emissions targets, the treaty allows for the trading of carbon
credits.
Kyoto Protocol
Adopted in 1997, but entered into force only in 2005, the Kyoto Protocol commits
industrialized countries to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions based on the principles
of the Convention, sets binding emission reduction targets for 37 industrialized
countries and the European community in its first commitment period. Overall, these
targets add up to an average five per cent emissions reduction compared to 1990
levels over the five-year period 2008 to 2012 (the first commitment period).
Vienna Convention
Adopted in 1985 and entered into force in 1988, the Vienna Convention aimed at
promoting cooperation by means of systematic observations, research and
information exchange on the effects of human activities on the ozone layer and at
adopting legislative or administrative measures against activities likely to have
adverse effects on the ozone layer.
河南省未来青少年教育研究中心 第十四届河南省青少年模拟联合国峰会
Po
ss
ib
le
S
ol
ut
io
ns
Yes, it’s real. 97% of climate scientists agree that climate-warming trends over the
past century are very likely due to human activities. Unless, humankind will start an
urgent action to combat climate change, our home, planet Earth, will be in extreme
danger.
Level 1. DIY (or do it yourself)
Choose what matters to you and act
Buy eco-friendly products: Check out the packages to see if the products are
produced in an eco-friendly way. Buying eco-friendly products helps to reduce
environmental impact from their production and consumption.
Track your carbon print and create an action plan to support the environment:
Find an online footprint tracker to measure your own emissions and set goals to
reduce it.
Consume less meat: Become vegetarian for one day a week. The meat production
industry has a huge impact on environment so by consuming less meet you decrease
it.
Take public transport or bike: By using public transportation or biking you
decrease carbon emissions which severely impact the environment.
2. Engage your family and friends
Tell them about the Guide and the actions they can take.
Deliver a training session on how to prevent climate change: Now that you
learned about climate action, become an activist by delivering workshops on how
other people can take action and become more environmentally-conscious.
Measure your school's carbon footprint, and share the results with your peers.
Discuss ways your community could save energy and reduce their footprint!
Volunteer to lead a Walk to School Day. Get your friends who live in different
neighborhoods to lead the walk with their own group, and gather together upon
arrival to celebrate!
3. Mobilize your community
•Deliver workshops on what to do in case of disasters: Get in touch with the
institutions in charge of natural disasters in order
to create the workshop in the best way. This will help to equip your peers with
knowledge and make them more resilient to
natural disasters
Write a letter to local authorities involving research on your community's carbon
footprint. Encourage them to explore clean, small-scale sources of energy such as
solar or wind energy.
4. Call for your country or other organizations
Ensure people are well prepared for hazards related to climate and natural disasters.
Address climate change issues in their governments’ agendas and allocate resources
to combat climate change.
河南省未来青少年教育研究中心 第十四届河南省青少年模拟联合国峰会
Guiding Questions
Top of Page
1. What is climate change and global warming?
2. What is the evidence that shows the climate is changing?
3. How do we know humans are causing climate change?
4. What are the main threats of climate change?
5. What are solutions to climate change?
6. What can I do to stop climate change?
7. Can we stop climate change and how will innovation help?
8. How much time do we have to stop global warming?
9. What happens if we do nothing to stop global warming?
10. What is the UN doing to stop global warming?
11. What does SDG 13 say about global warming?
12. What measures has your nation taken to stop global warming?
13. What are the main obstacles to stop global warming?
14. What has your country done to solve this issue?
15. Who is working on it? NGOs, not for profits, other groups or individuals?
16. Knowing about this problem, how does it impact your world view?
17. How could you make an impact on this issue through your life choices?
Resources
UN and climate change site
UN Framework on the Convention on Climate Change
World Meteorological Organization
UN Population Fund
UN Environment – Climate Change
Intergovernmental panel on Climate Change
FAO – Climate
