2008쓪7퓂ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡ짏몣쪦랶듳톧톧놨(헜톧짧믡뿆톧냦)July,2008뗚37뻭뗚4웚ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡJournalofShanghaiNormalUniversity(Philosophy&SocialSciencesEdition),훐춼럖샠뫅:ꆡꆡ컄쿗뇪쪶싫:Aꆡꆡ컄헂뇠뫅:100428634(2008)04201052(07)뾪늺돵웚짏몣뗄맺볊쎳틗폫믣뛒쯎엥폱(짏몣쪦랶듳톧램헾톧풺,짏몣200234)ꆡꆡ햪ꆡ튪:ꆡ헻룶18쫀볍뗄훐펢쎳틗훐,훐맺쪼훕뒦폚돶뎬뗘캻ꆣ웰돵,펢맺돽쇋퓋쯍냗틸틔췢,뇰컞쏖늹쎳틗닮뛮뗄쫖뛎ꆣ맺볊쎳틗쯹탎돉뗄믵뇒퓚늺볊볤뗄쇷춨솿쓪뻹풼쫽틚솽냗틸,죧듋엓듳뗄믵뇒솿,퓚늺볊퓋살퓋좥,튪쿻뫄듳솿뗄죋솦ꆢ컯솦뫍닆솦ꆣ듓뺭볃톧맛뗣뾴살,캪쇋뷚풼짧믡샍뚯뗄늻뇘튪뫄럑,틔믣욱듺쳦퓋쿖풽살풽돉캪쿖쪵뗄탨튪ꆣ짏몣뾪늺돵웚뗄쪮벸쓪볤,맺볊쎳틗뷡쯣랽쪽샺쪷뗘듓쿖틸뷡쯣쿲믣뛒뷡쯣뇤,헢훖뇤늢럇튻뛸뻍,웤훐퇳탐퓚믣뛒붻틗훐퓝쪱뒦폚닙뿘뗘캻ꆣꆡꆡ맘볼듊:ꆡ뾪늺돵웚;맺볊믣뛒;맺볊쎳틗;짏몣;뺭볃쪷튻ꆢ뾪늺돵웚뗄맺볊쎳틗뷡쯣벰믣뛒랽쪽횮볤뗄뛒뮻,췪좫춣쇴퓚놾뗘쫐뎡믲폫쓚뗘쫐뎡뗄붻틗횮훐ꆣ헢훖ힴ뿶퓚1843쓪11퓂짏몣헽쪽뾪동훁18쫀볍60쓪듺돵웚,뚫펡뛈릫쮾맣훝듳늺뫳뾪쪼랢짺뇤뮯,짏몣뗄뷸돶뿚쎳틗솿톸쯙퓶냠뗄믣뛒튵컱뇣틑뺭뾪쪼ꆣ1834쓪,뚫펡뛈릫쮾볓,쎳틗솿뻓좫맺룷룛뿚횮쫗[3],헢뻍튪쟳닺짺튻뗄쎳틗샻좨놻좡쿻,ꆰ룛뷅짌ꆱ튻풾돉캪뛔뮪쎳훖쓜릻폫횮쿠쫊펦뗄쎳틗뷡쯣랽쪽ꆣ틗뗄훷뷇ꆣ듳엺탂뗄탐뫅뷸죫맣훝,뷶ꆰ펢맺탐뫅내헕뎣샭살쮵,듋쪱뗄쎳틗뷡쯣,펦룃쫇듓쿖듓1833쓪뗄66볒쏍퓶떽1837쓪뗄165틸뷡쯣쿲믣뛒뷡쯣뗄퇝뇤,떫쫇헢훖뇤뮯좴풶럇볒ꆱꆣ[1](P170)헢킩퇳탐뾪돶평쯻쏇퓚펢맺믲펡뛈뗄죋쏇쿫쿱뗄쓇쎴볲떥ꆣ1843훁1845쓪ퟳ폒,퓚듺샭탐돐뛒뗄믣욱,헢킩믣욱퓚쫐쏦짏쇷탐,뮥ퟷ뾪룛뫳뗄짏몣쫐뎡짏,뛔펢맺닺욷뗄횧뢶뮹쫇쪹싲싴,쿠뮥뗷볁ꆣ뫍퇳탐(JardineMatheson&폃냗틸ꆣ듓19쫀볍40쓪듺훐뫳웚뾪쪼,짏몣뾪Co.)퓚ꆰ뚫펡뛈릫쮾뗄헋랿듓맣훝뎷ퟟ틔뫳뺭펪쪼퇘폃듋잰퓚맣훝돶쿖뗄ꆰ쿖믵쎳틗ꆱꆢꆰ쿖믵뷡쇋평훐맺쎳틗닺짺뗄잮뗄믣뛒붻틗뗄ퟮ듳늿쯣ꆱ뗄랽쪽ꆣ럖ꆱꆣ[1](P156)컒쏇춨뎣쯹쮵뗄ꆰ쿖믵쎳틗ꆱ,횸뗄쫇퓚믵뇒폫맣훝싔폐늻춬뗄쫇,퓚뾪늺틔잰,짏몣믹놾뺭볃돶쿖틔잰뗄틔믵틗믵,튲뻍쫇뺭볃톧랶돫뗄쎻폐맺볊뷰죚튵컱,헢훷튪쫇틲캪뾪늺잰쾦ꆰ퇳틸풭쪼붻뮻ꆣ늻맽1840쓪듺훐뫳웚뗄짏몣뛔췢쎳탐폃,횻퓚쓚뗘,늻췹췢퇳ꆱꆣ[2](P136)튲뻍쫇쮵쯤좻틗훐뗄ꆰ쿖믵쎳틗ꆱ좴폐ퟅ탂뗄몬틥,떱쪱뗄쎳틗컷냠퇀틸풪퓧틑쇷죫짏몣,떫쫇틸풪폫틸솽ꆢ훆잮뷡쯣쫇평뷨랽쿲돶뷨랽뢶돶믣욱,떽ퟮ훕뷡쯣쪱,ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡ믹뷰쿮쒿:맺볒짧뿆믹뷰쿮쒿ꆰ뷼듺짏몣췢믣쫐뎡퇐뺿(1843-1949)ꆱ(07BZS028)쫕룥죕웚:2007209220ퟷ헟볲뷩:쯎엥폱(19742),얮,뫓쓏탂튰죋,짏몣쪦랶듳톧램헾톧풺뢱뷌쫚,훷튪듓쫂훐맺뷼쿖듺쪷퇐뺿ꆣ105
뗚4웚ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡ짏몣쪦랶듳톧톧놨(헜톧짧믡뿆톧냦)ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡ2008쓪웤닮뛮늿럖폃뗈볛쿖믵뷸탐붻뮻뗄튻훖탎첬ꆣ뿉쯹탨튪뗄뷰죚믣뛒헽퓚훰늽햹뾪,쪹폃믣욱살뷸볻,헢훖쿖믵붻틗쫗쿈뺭샺쇋믣욱뷡쯣뗄맽돌,틲탐쎳틗뷡쯣뇏뺹쫇샺쪷랢햹뗄쟷쫆ꆣ훁19쫀볍뛸틑늻뷶뷶쫇풭쪼뗄ꆢ떥뒿뗄쿖믵쎳틗쇋ꆣ50쓪듺,평폚짏몣돶뿚쎳틗삩듳,믣뛒뷡쯣훰붥튻냣죏캪맽쪣쎳틗뫍뷡쯣쫖뛎늻ퟣ떼훂ꆰ쿖좡듺쇋틔믵틗믵,돉캪뷸돶뿚쎳틗릲춬뗄뷡쯣쫖믵쎳틗ꆱꆣ퓚쿖믵쎳틗쳵볾쿂,췢맺ꆰ짌죋뮹늻쓜뛎ꆣ1856쓪,떱쪱짏몣뗄펢맺쇬쫂싞늮톷뷶듓ퟔ벺뗄믵컯췑쫖틔뫳,솢뿌믱뗃쿖뷰,늢춨맽()뛔뷸탐쎳틗뷡쯣뗄ힴ뿶폐맺볊틸탐(벴췢맺퓚뮪틸탐)퓚뇰뗄뗘랽좡뗃춬죧쿂뗄쏨쫶:쎳틗돉붻훐쪹폃욱뻝뗄뷰뛮쎿퓂욽뗈쫽쒿뗄뿮쿮ꆱ,뛸뇘탫뗈떽훐맺믵컯췑쫖틔뫳,뻹60췲냷,좫쓪맀볆720췲냷,헢훷튪냼삨캪릺ꆰ닅쓜좡뗃쿖뷰ꆱꆣ[4](P153)퓚탎쪽짏,훷튪뇭쿖캪죫톻욬뗄췢믣뿮뫍퓋돶닏쮿뗈짌욷쯹뾪뗄틔펢맺뗄쏞횯욷ꆢ톻욬뫍훐맺뗄단튶ꆢ짺쮿횮볤뷸믣욱ꆣ[8](P37)탐쿖믵붻뮻ꆣ짏몣쇬쫂낢샱맺(RutherfoldAl2ퟜ뗄살쮵,짏몣뛔췢쎳틗훐뗄뷰죚훜뗄럖cock)퓚1847쓪뗄쎳틗놨룦훐쮵:ꆰ짏몣뗄붻틗쿖솿,쫇쯦ퟅ쯪퓂뗄췆틆뛸폫죕뻣퓶뗄ꆣ죧맻쮵19퓚벸뫵췪좫닉좡쇋쿖믵쎳틗,퓚웤쿞뛈횮쓚뿉틔쫀볍20쓪듺,ꆰ쿠떱듳튻늿럖훐컷쎳틗쫇퓚쿖뷰췆쿺뷸뿚믵ꆣ톻욬뫍쏞횯욷폫짺쮿뫍단튶뷸탐붻믹뒡짏뷸탐뗄ꆱ,쓇쎴,떽쯄컥쪮쓪듺,죧맻췑샫뮻,횻폐쪣폠뗄톻욬,닅평훐맺뗄쿻럑헟폃냗틸횧쇋쿖믵붻틗뻍듧늽쓑탐,뛸떽쇋컥쇹쪮쓪듺횮붻,뢶ꆣꆭꆭ톻욬뫍짺쮿ꆢ단뫍쏞횯욷(헢훖ퟩ뫏)붻쟩뿶틑뺭뇤캪:죧맻쓣폫욱뻝믣뛒컞맘,쓇쎴튲뮻,쫇ꆮ튻훖훷튪뗄탎쪽ꆯꆣꆱ[5](P139)뻍폫쎳틗컞맘ꆣ떫뇘탫횸돶뗄쫇,듋쪱틲쎳틗쯹맘폚ꆰ쿖믵쎳틗ꆱ죧뫎뷸탐뗄컊쳢,뿉틔춨맽닺짺뗄믣욱싲싴,뮹쎻폐탎돉춳튻뗄췢믣탐쫐ꆣ죊볇퇳탐뗄벪늼()퓚쳘뇰캯풱믡뗄횤퓚1847쓪횮잰,짏몣놨횽짏뺭뎣뗇퓘ퟅ퇳탐싲싴듊볓틔쮵쏷[5](P143):믣욱뗄맣룦,ꆰ퇳탐퓚뒦샭웤췢맺믣욱쪱,뎣뎣냑틩뎤췾쮹뾵쳘ꆤ즽뛙:ꆰ쓣쓜룸컒쯻쏇믽폐튻뚨쫽솿뗄믣욱뾯뗇맣룦쟳쫛ꆱꆣ[9](P38)쏇쿪쾸쮵쮵쿖믵쎳틗뷸탐뗄맽돌싰?ꆱ헢훖쟩탎돖탸쇋튻룶쿠떱뎤뗄쪱웚ꆣꆰ볙뚨쮵컒듓싼뎹쮹쳘킯듸1000쳗도지쇏ퟓ뗄쏞횯욷뛾ꆢ퇳탐뿘훆쿂뗄짏몣맺볊믣뛒,컒쓃퇹욷돶쪾룸(훐맺죋뗄)릺싲헟뾴,떫쫇쯻쏇횮훐쮭퓚19쫀볍훐튶뗄컷랽맺볒,훮죧믣뛒ꆢ놣쿕튲늻믡쮵폃쿖뷰릺싲,믲헟쮵폃탅폃뗄뗈캪맺쓚췢쎳틗럾컱뗄뷰죚튵컱뚼쫇평쏅뗄믺랽쪽릺싲,죧맻쯻쏇ퟔ벺뗄쫖훐쎻폐쓜릹뺭펪뗄,떫쫇퓚뾪늺돵웚뗄짏몣,퓲좱랦쓜릻횧릻쿲컒돶쪾뗄단튶쪱,쯻쏇뻍믡쮵:ꆮ헢돖뛔췢쎳틗뗄짌튵뫍뷰죚쳥훆,뛸퓚튻룶뛌쪱웚킩짌욷컒내쫐뎡볛룱룸쓣뮻쯣돉릦럲단쓚,튪냑돉쳗뗄짌튵ꆢ뷰죚웳튵틆훁훐맺,쿔좻늢(congou)뷸탐횧뢶ꆣꆯꆱ늻뿉쓜,틲듋,폫쎳틗횱뷓쿠맘뗄퇳탐ꆰ늻뗃늻ퟔ튲뻍쫇쮵,퇳탐쿈냑쯼뗄뷸뿚믵컯뚨돶튻룶탐쳡릩퓚컷랽뺭뎣붻룸볒쏇좥뢺퓰뗄뢨훺탔럾볛룱싴룸훐맺짌죋,훐맺짌죋퓲틔튻뚨쫽솿뗄쮿컱믺릹ꆱꆣ[10](P10)1844쓪벴폐11볒퇳탐퓚뮦펪단ퟷ볛뗖뢶,볛룱쫇내믵뇒짌뚨,떫쪵볊짏늢쎻폐튵,웤훐뛠냫쫇풭살뾪짨퓚맣훝뗄펢쏀솽맺퇳탐틸잮돶죫ꆣ뗄럖탐ꆣ[11](P79)1852쓪,짏몣뗄퇳탐틑뺭퓶볓떽41ꆰ쿖믵쎳틗ꆱ쫇퓧웚쎳틗뒦폚뗍쮮욽뛸폖좱볒[12](P185),1854쓪,벤퓶떽120볒횮뛠ꆣ[13](P71)랦춨믵쎽뷩쟩뿶쿂뗄튻훖좨틋뗄붻틗랽쪽,평폚헢킩퇳탐뗄믮뚯웰돵늢늻횻쿞폚튻냣뗄짌튵쯼쫊뫏떱쪱짌욷릺쿺뗄쪵볊탨튪,랢햹뫜뿬ꆣ떽붻틗,쯼쏇춨뎣뺭펪훖샠랱뛠뗄튵컱ꆣ뾪늺돵웚,1847쓪쪱,헽죧낢샱맺쯹쮵뗄:ꆰ짏몣뗄쎳틗쿖퓚듳뛠쫽퇳탐뚼ퟔ벺뢽듸훮죧믣뛒ꆢ놣쿕뗈럾컱,뫳벸뫵췪좫돉캪컯컯붻뮻뗄쎳틗ꆣꆱ[6](P405)짵훁떽쇋살,헢킩뢨훺탔럾컱믺릹틲캪쪵솦뫍탅폃뗄맘쾵,1857쓪,쪱죋죔죏캪:ꆰ짏몣캪뿍짌뻛벯횮쟸,틔싽싽벯훐폚짙쫽듳퇳탐ꆣ샽죧,뫍퇳탐놾짭늻믵틗믵뻓뛠ꆣꆱ[7](P351)뷶ퟶ짺틢,뛸쟒춬쪱ꆰퟷ캪틸탐볒ꆢ욱뻝뺭볍죋ꆢ늻맽,쯦ퟅ뛔췢쎳틗뗄훰늽삩햹,캪훜쎳틗뒬훷ꆢ췐퓋죋ꆢ놣쿕듺샭죋뫍믯쪳닉냬죋뷸탐믮106
쯎엥폱:뾪늺돵웚짏몣뗄맺볊쎳틗폫믣뛒뚯ꆱꆣ[14](P20)떽1840쓪듺뫳웚,짏몣뗄뷰죚훜튵췢캯냬짌돐뛒믣욱뗄싲뷸뫍싴돶쫇웤훰쓪믱뗃샻컱,듳늿럖평뫍ꆢ놦쮳(Dent,Beale&Co.)ꆢ웬죳훐뗄튻룶훘튪틲쯘ꆣ1844훁1858쓪볤,쟭볇퇳닽(Russell&Co.)ꆢ쟭볇(AngustineHeard&탐헢쿮튵컱뗄뒿쫕죫듯떽쇋796,000쏀Co.)뗈듳퇳탐떣죎ꆣ헽죧쏀맺튻볒듳퇳탐뗄샏풪ꆣ[10](P40ꆫ41)뛸퓧퓚1850쓪,쏀맺뗄즭뫍퇳탐냥쯹쮵뗄:떱쪱ꆰ쎿튻볒탐뫅춬쪱폖쫇ퟔ벺뗄틸(WolcottBatesandCompany)뻍틑돉캪싲싴믣욱뗄탐,쯼컞쯹쟳폚췢살뷰뗄뗷볁ꆱ,듓뛸펵폐뻞뛮샏쫖ꆣ웬닽퇳탐튲늻쪾죵,뻝샏냥뷰쓜뫠(Edward놾뗄샏탐뫅뛔헢튻쿮짺틢(횸틸탐짺틢)뻟폐Cunningham)퓚1873쓪뗄믘틤:ꆰ퓚20떽25쓪틔쪵볊짏뗄슢뛏뗘캻ꆣ[15](P98)잰,튻킩훸쏻뗄퇳탐,웤훐튻볒쫇쏀맺퇳탐,믣뛒튵퓚퇳탐횮볤뗄뺺헹훐,횻폐쓜듓컷랽쫐뎡믱컱ퟶ뗄뫜탋췺,쯻쏇돤떱쏻짹늻듳뗄킡퇳탐뫍펢맺뗃ퟮ탂쿻쾢뫍퓚훐맺쫐뎡탐뚯룼캪쏴뷝뗄퇳탐닅놾(볒)횮볤뗄훐뷩죋,듓킡퇳탐쓇샯싲뷸뾪췹쓜믱샻,믣싊뗄뇤뚯뛔퇳탐뗄펯뿷웰ퟅ훘튪뗄ퟷ싗뛘뗄믣욱,뺭맽쯻쏇놳쫩틔뫳,솢벴뢶뿮,좻뫳냑폃ꆣ뻍믣욱뫍춨믵뛸퇔,췢짌퓚컷랽싲뷸쪱쫇틔믣욱싴룸펢맺믵뇒돖폐헟ꆣ쓇쪱(훐맺)뮹횻폐튻믆뷰캪뫋쯣떥캻뗄,퓚훐맺싴돶쪱퓲틔냗틸믵뇒볒펢맺틸탐,쯼뗄짺틢뎣뎣룏늻짏쒳킩듳퇳탐싲싴췢믣맱첨쯹ퟶ뗄짺틢ꆣꆱ[9](P25)(1856쓪틔잰캪틸풪,듋뫳룄캪짏몣뻅냋맦풪)캪헢샯쯹횸뗄튻볒쏀뫋쯣떥캻,랴횮틠좻ꆣ퓚듋쟩쫆횮쿂,듳퇳탐뇘탫맺퇳탐,뛠냫뻍쫇쯻ퟔ벺뺭펪맽뗄웬닽퇳탐ꆣ뛸쓇럇뎣맘힢뷰틸뇈볛뗄뇤뚯,틔뇣캪ퟔ벺뒴퓬쫕틦ꆣ튻볒펢맺틸탐쿔좻횸뗄쫇ퟮ쿈뷸죫훐맺뗄샶죧틸퓚떱쪱짏몣뗄믣뛒튵컱훐,평폚짙쫽듳퇳탐쓜릻탐(OrientalBankingCorporation)ꆣ벰쪱헆컕싗뛘쫐뎡짏뗄펢냷없볛,뛔짏몣믣욱볛뷰쓜뫠뗄믘틤랴펳ퟅ튻룶웕뇩뗄쟩뿶,평폚룱뗄뻶뚨뻟폐뫜훘튪뗄틢틥ꆣ퇳탐듳뛠ꆰ폐ퟣ릻뗄뷰ꆱ,쟒샻폃웤튵컱짏뗄뇣헢킩듳퇳탐쫇퓵퇹ퟶ떽헢튻뗣뗄쓘?쮵웰살샻,퓚쎳틗뗄뷰죚훜짏늻떫늻틀뾿틸탐,뛸쟒뮹뫜폐뒫웦즫닊,틔뫍퇳탐캪샽,쯼놸폐탭뛠룟쯙업돢틸탐뗄닎폫ꆣ횮쯹틔돶쿖헢훖ힴ뿶,훷튪쫇량보뒬,럖쪻죧볓뛻룷듰폫쿣룛ꆢ쿣룛폫짏몣횮틲캪훐췢쎳틗훜쪱볤뫜뎤ꆣ훐컷몣짏퓋쫤튻듎볤ꆣ쯼쿈평탐쪻볓뛻룷듰뗄뿬뒬퓚볓뛻볓듰벴붫몽돌탨쪱풼4룶퓂믲룼뎤튻뗣ꆣ튻듎쎳틗훜튻폊볾듓폊뒬짏쳡좡돶살,벴뿌뾪뒬퓋떽쿣룛,퓙뗝냣탨쪱6룶퓂믲룼뎤튻뗣,놻훍쇴퓚튻듎쎳틗뗄붻뗈퓚쿣룛뗄뒬량쯍떽짏몣ꆣ[16](P23ꆫ24)헢퇹,뷰췹췹탨쪱냫쓪훁튻쓪횮볤ꆣ[17]쎳틗짏놾쇷뫍퇳탐ퟜ쫇쓜뇈웤쯻퇳탐쳡잰튻쳬믱뗃싗뛘뷰죚뗄쯙뛈뮺싽,쫆뇘탨튪쫽뛮뻞듳뗄뗦횧놾ꆣ탐쟩ꆣ떱뗚뛾쳬폊뒬떽듯컢뿚쪱,쇬쫂망쯹짨헢쫇19쫀볍70쓪듺틔잰놾돤풣뗄듳퇳탐쓜릻쫩탅망폊닮벴량십룏믘짏몣,퇘ퟅ믆웖붭뇟듳뗀슢뛏훐컷쎳틗뗄튻룶훘튪쳵볾ꆣ떽1858쓪횹,싖량돛ퟅ붫룷퇳탐폊냼엗뷸쯻쏇뗄풺ퟓ,듋쪱뫍뒬좡듺쇋량보뒬,뛸릺훃싖뒬뗄럑폃룼듳,룼늻쫇퇳탐퓧틑벰쪱뗘뗷헻쯼쯹헆컕뗄믣욱싲싴볛룱,킡퇳탐쯹쓜뢺떣뗃웰뗄ꆣ듳퇳탐퓚쎳틗훐햼뺡쿈듓뛸뻓훐믱좡쇋뻞뛮뗄펯샻ꆣ춨맽ퟮ탂믱뗃뗄싗믺,퓚뷰죚뢽쫴럾컱훐춬퇹햼뻝훷떼뗘캻ꆣ뻍헢뛘탐쫐볛쒿뛸쿭폐뷶뷶튻쳬뗄슢뛏쎳틗쯹좡뗄퇹,늻뷶퓚췢맺틸탐뷸죫횮잰,벴쪹퓚췢맺틸탐뷸샻죳,뻍ퟣ틔뗖뢶뫍퇳탐폃틔ힰ퓋톻욬뗄량보죫횮뫳뗄쿠떱뎤쪱웚쓚,퇳탐죔좻볌탸듓쫂ퟅ믣뒬뗄룟낺럑폃ꆣ[10](P16)뿉볻,짙쫽듳퇳탐헽쫇춨맽뛒튵컱ꆣ햼뗃쿈믺뗄탅쾢쫖뛎뫍탅쾢살풴,믱뗃뗄맺췢탐쫂쪵짏,톻욬햽헹뫳늻뻃,췢짌틸탐뻍뷓뛸쟩뇈뇰볒퓧,실쫖뇈뇰볒뿬,싲싴쫽솿듳,듓뛸닙훁,폈웤쫇펢짌틸탐ꆣ1842쓪뾪짨퓚펡뛈쏏싲뗄ퟝ쇋췢믣붻틗뗄뷸탐ꆣ펢짌샶죧틸탐,1845쓪잨훁싗뛘,1847쓪퓚짏몣헽죧짏쏦쯹퇔,훁19쫀볍50쓪듺,믣뛒튵컱뾪짨럖탐,헢쫇짏몣뾪짨ퟮ퓧뗄췢짌틸탐,쓇쪱뗄뛔폚쎳틗뛸퇔틑뺭럇뎣훘튪,듋쪱,늻뷶펢맺퇳탐,짏몣ꆰ뮹횻폐3쏻췢맺튽짺,싉쪦쏇뗄뷅늽뮹쎻뛸쟒듳뗄쏀맺퇳탐퓚훐맺단쫐뎡짏뗄횧뢶쫖뛎뗄폐첤짏헢뿩췁뗘ꆱꆣ[18](P147)1851쓪펢헾뢮냤룸헢ퟮ훘튪살풴뚼쫇싗뛘뗄믣욱ꆣ틔쟭볇퇳탐캪샽,웤볒틸탐틔ꆰ믊볒쳘탭ힴꆱ,죃쯼돉캪ꆰ쳘탭틸탐ꆱ,욱뻝돐뛒튵컱쫇웤뛔뮪쎳틗뗄톪죢ꆣ평룃탐뗄맺퓊탭쯼퓚ꆰ뫃췻뷇틔뚫죎뫎뗘쟸붨솢믺릹,뺭펪107
뗚4웚ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡ짏몣쪦랶듳톧톧놨(헜톧짧믡뿆톧냦)ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡ2008쓪뛒뮻ꆢ듦뿮뫍믣뮮쫂틋ꆱꆣ[18](P149)쯦뫳,펢짌뫇볓믣뛒붻틗뗄뿘훆뛸퇔,좴뮹쎻폐쓜릻돤럖랢믓ퟷ?틸탐(Agra&UnitedServiceBankLtd.)ꆢ폐샻폃ꆣ퓬돉헢튻뻖쏦뗄훷튪풭틲퓚폚짏몣뗄쫐뎡뮹틸탐(CharteredMercantileBankOfIndia,London쎻폐돤럖듲뾪ꆣ퓚짏몣뾪늺돵웚,컷랽놾훷틥&China)ꆢ믣슡틸탐(CommercialBankOfIndia)ꆢ룷맺뛔훐맺뗄맺볊쎳틗뮹뒦퓚돵웚뾪뇙뷗뛎,틲싳볓샻틸탐(CharteredBankOfIndia,Australia&뛸맺볊쎳틗짏탨튪뗄뷰죚훜튵컱튲뒦퓚돵웚뗄China),램짌램삼컷틸탐(ComptoirdꆯEscompte랢햹뷗뛎ꆣDeParis)쿠볌뾪짨,떽1860쓪,짏몣틑폐6볒췢짌틸탐ꆣ췢짌틸탐퓚뮪짨솢뗄훷튪쒿뗄퓚폚ꆰ뢨죽ꆢ믣싊뇤뮯뗄틲쯘럖컶훺룷룃맺짌죋뛔뮪쎳틗뗄뇣샻ꆱꆣ[19](P182)뛔췢쎳틗뛔튻맺뗄맺볊쫕횧뻟폐쪮럖훘튪뗄헢킩틸탐돉솢퓧웚,훘뗣쫗쿈쫇펭뫏늻뛏퓶펰쿬,퓚ퟔ평놾훷틥쪱웚,맺볊뺭볃붻틗뗄훷튪뎤뗄훐췢쎳틗쯹쳡돶뗄믣뛒탨쟳,냼삨ퟔ짭싲싴탎쪽쫇맺볊쎳틗,쯹틔맺볊쫕횧믹놾짏쫇쎳틗쫕믣욱뫍돤떱릩쟳쮫랽믣욱뗄훐뷩헟,쯻쏇짵훁늻횧ꆣ1843훁1858쓪볤,짏몣뗄맺볊쎳틗쫕횧햼헐삿듦뿮,룼늻폃쮵뺭펪욱뻝쳹쿖뫍뗖톺럅뿮ꆣ뻝쇋췢믣뷰퓋ퟷ뗄뻸듳늿럖,틲듋맺볊쎳틗뗄샶죧틸탐퓚뮪뗄퓧웚튵컱믮뚯럇뎣힢훘믣뛒,평ힴ뿶뛔폚믣싊뗄펰쿬ퟮ캪믹놾뫍횱뷓ꆣ폚쯼뗄탅폾룟,웤돶쫛뗄펢냷믣욱볛잮뻍룟폚퇳1843쓪쓪뗗,뾪늺뷶6룶탇웚,뻍폐7쯒췢탐뗄펢냷믣욱ꆣ뛸램삼컷틸탐퓚짏몣짨솢럖탐뗄맺짌뒬싺퓘믵컯뷸뿚,쫤죫믵횵릲듯433,729솽쒿뗄횮튻,뻍쫇웳춼듲뾪훐맺뫍얷훞듳슽횮볤짺(늻냼삨톻욬믵횵),돶뿚믵컯147,172쮿뗄횱뷓쎳틗횮슷,캪헢훖쎳틗쳡릩뷰죚훜뫍솽ꆣ[23](P18ꆫ19)1844쓪,뷸뿚뗄췢맺짌뒬뫍췢맺믵맺볊믣뛒튵컱ꆣ[20](P162)컯탸폐퓶볓,퓘살믵컯뗄볛횵캪501,335벴뇣췢짌틸탐듓튻뾪쪼뻍좫솦틔뢰뺭펪ퟅ믣냷ꆣ[24](P38)틔짏쫽뻝뇭쏷,뾪늺ퟮ돵뗄솽쓪,컷랽뛒튵컱,떫뾪늺돵웚뗄쯪퓂샯,틸탐폫퇳탐퓚맺볊룷맺뛔짏몣뗄짌욷쫤돶,폌죧튻막잿뺢뗄돥믷늨ꆣ믣뛒랽쏦쯹뒦뗄뗘캻,헽죧1852쓪8퓂7죕ꆶ놱뇭1쓜릻뷏캪쟥컺뗘쿔쪾뾪늺훁1860쓪짏몣뗄뮪뷝놨ꆷ(NorthChinaHerald)뾯퓘뗄튻럢춶쫩훐뷸돶뿚ힴ뿶ꆣ쳡떽뗄:ꆰ쯼(틸탐)횻ퟶ믣욱싲싴,늢늻ퟶ틸탐뗄듓뇭1맛달,1844훁1852쓪,퓚1845쓪훐췢놾럝튵컱ꆱ;떫떱쪱뗄쟩탎쫇ꆰ믣욱싲싴쫇짌죋뛀쎳틗ퟜ믵횵돶쿖룟럥틔뫳,쪱폐짽붵,믹놾짏퓚쿭뗄뫏램튵컱,듓살늻쫇틸탐볒뗄튵컱ꆱꆣ[9](P22)1200췲풪뗄럥횵짏엇뮲ꆣ헢랴펳ퟅ짏몣뷸뿚쎳헢쪵볊짏뗀돶쇋췢짌틸탐퓚뮪짨솢돵웚쯹뒦뗄?틗믵횵믹놾짏캬돖ퟅ컈뚨ꆣ훁폚1848쓪쎳틗뛮?뻖쏦ꆣ퓚뾪늺뫳쪮벸쓪샯,짏몣뗄췢짌틸탐늻쿂뮬,훷튪쫇틲캪펢맺(얷쏀)짌욷돶쿖쇋릩맽폚뷶퓚믣뛒튵컱짏뺺헹늻맽퇳탐,뛸쟒럅뿮튵컱튲쟳뗄쿺쫛캣믺ꆣ1846훁1852쓪볤,짏몣쎳틗퓚쎻폐햹뾪,쎳틗훐뗄뷰죚훜믹놾죔냑돖퓚퇳탐짔뗍폚1845쓪뗄쮮욽짏엇뮲쇋6쓪ꆣ쫖훐ꆣ1853쓪잰뫳,컷랽뗄뒬뛓(쫗쿈쫇톻욬ퟟ쮽췢맺틸탐뛔퇳탐쫖훐믣뛒튵컱뗄헹뛡,퇓탸뒬)붫몽쿟듓맣훝(쿣룛)췆뷸떽쇋짏몣,뚫쓏퇘쇋쿠떱뎤쪱볤ꆣ쏀맺웬닽퇳탐뗄샏냥뢣쪿(R.몣몽퓋쳥쾵뗄뷡릹뾪쪼뇤뮯,짏몣ퟷ캪뚫쓏퇘몣)퓚웤믘틤슼훐뻍퓸ퟔ?쮵:샶죧틸탐몽퓋췸싧뗄뻛믣뗣,놻쓉죫뷼듺뮯뗄맺볊몽퓋맬뗄좫늿믣뛒튵컱뮹뺺헹늻맽웬닽퇳탐뗄싲냬볤뗄뗀ꆣ듙돉헢튻뇤뮯풭틲뛠훖뛠퇹,웤훐뻟폐뻶뚨튻룶맱첨ꆣ[21](P359)짵훁떽쇋60쓪듺쒩웚,퇳탐뗄ퟷ폃뗄쫇쎳틗뷡릹뗄뇤뮯ꆣ듋쪱,짏몣틑뺭뎬맽뷰죚튵컱뮹쎻폐쓜릻좫늿놻틸탐뛡좡맽좥ꆣ짵훁맣훝뛸돉캪훐맺ퟮ듳뗄쎳틗뿚낶쇋ꆣ떽쇋1868쓪8퓂1죕,ꆶ짏몣탂놨ꆷ짏죔뗇퓘ퟅ낲1853훁1856쓪,짏몣훐췢쎳틗ퟜ믵횵뿧맽첩ꆢ뾬쏷ꆢ뢣샻뗈3볒퇳탐ퟶ뷰죚훜튵컱뗄맣쇋3000췲풪틔짏뗄첨뷗,퓚4000췲풪뗄럥횵짏룦ꆣ[22]뛸퓚듋잰뫳,듋샠맣룦퓚룃놨짏늢늻쿊볻ꆣ쿂엇뮲ꆣ1857훁1860쓪,짏몣뗄훐췢쎳틗ퟜ믵ퟜ쳥살쮵,19쫀볍컥쇹쪮쓪듺,췢맺틸탐쯤횵돶쿖쇋룼캪잿뺢뗄첨뷗쪽짏짽,랢햹쯙뛈캪뾪좻틑뺭쿠떱듳맦쒣뗘쟖죫짏몣,떫쫇뻍웤뛔짏몣늺틔살쯹캴폐ꆣ듓믵횵뇤뮯뗄쟩뿶살뾴,듓1857108
쯎엥폱:뾪늺돵웚짏몣뗄맺볊쎳틗폫믣뛒쓪뗄6000폠췲풪훁ꆶ쳬뷲쳵풼ꆷ잩뚩뫳솽쓪뗄떱폚춬쓪뷸뿚톻욬볛횵뗄%(춨맽뇭1폫뇭1860쓪,틑짏짽떽80,544,710풪,벸뫵쫇뾪늺돵2ퟛ뫏볆쯣),죧맻붫톻욬냼삨퓚쓚,짏몣뗄뷸돶웚뗄20놶ꆣ뿚쎳틗평돶뎬2,598,356풪,캪죫뎬1,080,뇭1ꆡ짏몣뛔룷맺뷸돶뿚쎳틗(1844ꆫ49ꆢ1851ꆫ64)5847풪ꆣ늻맽헢튻ힴ뿶떽50쓪듺틔뫳돶쿖쇋뫃떥캻:풪,틲캪맺볊쎳틗평퓁뮦,짏몣뛔췢돶뿚쎳틗횵쓪럝뷸뿚돶뿚뫏볆쮳닮ꆢ쓦닮듳럹퓶볓,뛔췢쎳틗평죫뎬캪돶뎬,뾪쪼훰늽룄1844241026423438854754149-66379뇤쇋냗틸쇷뚯뗄랽쿲ꆣ1851훁1860쓪볤,듓펢18455884615647596212360577+591347맺쫤죫훐맺뗄냗틸쎿쓪욽뻹캪900췲솽,웤훐짏18465117625732941012447035+2211785몣퓚1856훁1857쓪볤,뻍쫤죫쇋냗틸1500췲풪18474850962729326912144231+2442307틔짏,헛뫏틸솽췲솽ꆣ[25](P25ꆫ26)뇭2ꆡ1847ꆫ1857쓪룶뇰쓪럝짏몣뷸뿚톻욬믵횵뇭18483875000627884610153846+2403846떥캻:풪18495804793840314914207942+25983561850ꆪꆪꆪꆪꆪꆪꆪꆪꆪꆪꆪꆪ쓪럝볛횵쓪럝볛횵18478349440185314400000185142990001040300014702000+6104000184811801295185713082000185253030001028100015584000+4978000184913404230185388450002582700034672000+16982000ꆡꆡ쇏살풴:십쪿:ꆶ훐뮪뗛맺뛔췢맘쾵쪷ꆷ뗚1뻭,죽솪쫩뗪185449056283433435239239980+294287241957쓪냦,뗚403ꆢ522튳ꆣ185590801383276533542573473+23685197쎳틗랢햹뗄ힴ뿶횱뷓펰쿬떽짏몣맺볊믣뛒훐185672584912871375835972249+21455267뗄믣싊뇤뮯ꆣ50쓪듺웰,떽1856쓪캪횹,평폚쎳1857221865634663557368822136+24449010틗쫕횧돶쿖쮳닮,짏몣룷쓪뗄욽뻹믣뛒쫐뎡탐쫐1858265972714283043269427703+16233161뻹쿔쪾돶튻훖짏짽뗄쟣쿲(쿪볻뇭3)ꆣ떽18541859288603215128756080147881+22427239쓪쪱,훐맺뗄짺쮿짺닺솿퓚튻쓪볤퓶볓쇋2놶ꆣ1860366790004386556680544710+7186566폫듋춬쪱,췢맺뗄믣뛒튲쯦횮짏짽ꆣ퓚쯦뫳뗄솽ꆡꆡ룃뇭늻냼삨톻욬ퟟ쮽쎳틗뛮ꆣ죽쓪볤,믣췹싗뛘뗄6룶퓂웚뗄믣욱1풪쿠떱폚쇏살풴:뚡죕돵훷뇠:ꆶ짏몣뷼듺뺭볃쪷ꆷ뗚튻뻭(1843ꆫ7쿈쇮2훁6뇣쪿,믣췹펡뛈뗄슬뇈믣욱듯떽쇋1894),뗚51튳ꆣ춨맽뛔뇭1뗄맛달,늻쓑랢쿖튻룶쿖쿳,벴퓚100풪쿠떱폚320훁340슬뇈뗄쮮욽ꆣ[26](P59)뇭3ꆡ짏몣쓪욽뻹믣뛒탐쫐(1843ꆫ1856)뾪늺돵웚돽쇋1844쓪뛌퓝뗄쎳틗죫뎬틔췢,짏몣떥캻:컷냠퇀틸풪뛔췢쎳틗쪼훕뒦폚돶뎬뗄뗘캻ꆣ헢뻍돶쿖쇋튻룶쓪쿈쇮ꆢ뇣쪿쓪쿈쇮ꆢ뇣쪿쓪쿈쇮ꆢ뇣쪿컊쳢,펢맺뛔짏몣뗄쎳틗뾿쪲쎴살쏖늹쎳틗닮뛮ꆣ1843ꆫ퓚뾼달뷸돶뿚쎳틗랢햹쟷쫆쪱,뿉틔랢쿖,톻욬ퟟ쮽돉캪컷랽맺볒폈웤쫇펢맺뗄훘튪늹닮쫖뛎ꆣ헽죧떱쪱뗄ꆶ첩컮쪿놨ꆷ볇헟퓚뗷닩쇋짏몣1840쓪듺훁50쓪듺뗄쎳틗쟩뿶뫳쯹퇔:ꆰ춳볆횤쏷,펢맺뛔뮪쎳틗훐ퟮ늻뗃죋탄뗄톻욬쎳틗,쟩뿶ퟮ병ꆭꆭ헢훖쎳틗쫇볈컈뚨,폖퓚죕틦퓶뎤ꆣꆱꆡꆡ쇏살풴:샮뇘헁틫뇠,헅훙샱킣뚩:ꆶ짏몣뷼듺쎳틗뺭볃랢[13](P53)햹룅뿶(1856ꆫ1889)ꆪꆪꆪ펢맺짏몣쇬쫂쎳틗놨룦믣뇠ꆷ,뗚21톻욬퓚짏몣뗄뷸뿚늻뷶돖탸퓶뎤,뛸쟒퓚좫맺뗄-22튳ꆣ쿻럑솿훐햼ퟅ튻냫ퟳ폒뗄뇈훘ꆣ듓뇭3맛달,퓚뾪늺돵웚뗄쓪듺샯,짏몣췢믣평폚톻욬ퟟ쮽뗄듦퓚,뾪늺돵웚짏몣뛔췢쎳붻틗뗄믣싊뇤뚯뷏캪뻧쇒ꆣ퓬돉헢훖뻧쇒늨뚯뗄틗캬돖쇋햽잰틑뺭뾪쪼뗄맺볊쫕횧죫뎬ힴ뿶,늢풭틲,돽쇋틲캪뛔췢쎳틗뗄훰늽삩듳쯹탎돉뗄믣떼훂냗틸돖탸췢쇷ꆣ룹뻝뇭1,1849쓪짏몣뛔췢싊짏퇯틔췢,뮹쫜떽쎳틗벾뷚탔틲쯘뗄펰쿬,뛸돊쎳틗훐돶뿚ퟜ횵캪8,403,149풪,헢룶쫽쒿횻쿠쿖벾뷚탔뗄뇤뚯ꆣ튻룶퓂샯쎿솽틸뚧볛룱뗄뇤뚯109
뗚4웚ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡ짏몣쪦랶듳톧톧놨(헜톧짧믡뿆톧냦)ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡ2008쓪폐쪱룟듯1쿈쇮,퓬돉믣볛뇤뚯뗄훷튪틲쯘쫇믣쪱,짏몣짌죋뾪쪼쪹폃탩틸솽볆쯣뗄뻅냋맦풪ퟷ욱퓚짏몣쫐뎡짏뗄쿺슷ꆣ떱듓컷랽쫤죫훐맺뗄훆캪쫐뎡붻틗뗄춳튻볇헋떥캻ꆣ1857쓪돵,짏몣뛔돉욷듳솿펿죫횮볊,뷸뿚짌탨튪듳솿믣욱ퟷ캪쿲췢쎳틗룄폃맦풪볆쯣,퓚쯹폐톻욬ꆢ늼욥ꆢ쮿단틔컷랽뢶뿮뗄랽뇣탎쪽ꆣ폚듋쪱믺,믣욱뗄돶쫛헟벰믣욱뗈붻틗훐,ꆰ캩튻뗄횧뢶쫖뛎쫇짏몣컆쎿튻펢냷뿉틔뛒뮻떽뷏뛠뗄틸솽ꆣ쇭튻랽쏦,떱틸ꆱꆣ[28](P99)짏몣틸솽뗄훘솿듳풼뗈폚뷰뫢훆뗄폐듳솿믵컯돶뿚횮볊,펢냷믣욱뗄뛒뮻싊뻍뛔돶1208낻쮾,돽쇋폃폚듳뇊붻틗횮췢,쯼쫇튻훖놿쫛헟늻샻쇋ꆣ[10](P19)춨뎣뛸퇔,퓚튻쓪훐,쎳틗뛮훘뛸쟒늻랽뇣뗄붻뮻쎽뷩ꆣ떫쫇,닉폃틸솽뗄뫜뗄벾뷚탔뇤뚯퓬돉쇋믣싊뗄벾뷚탔뇤뚯ꆣ믣췹싗듳뫃뒦퓚폚,쯼폐훺폚컈뚨뛒뮻싊늢럀횹컷냠퇀뛘뗄6룶퓂뫳욾욱벴뢶뗄믣욱,웤뇭쿖돶살뗄쟣틸풪ퟷ캪횧뢶쫖뛎쪱얼뛻믡돶쿖뗄벫룟믣뛒싊ꆣ쿲쫇듓12퓂쒩뾪쪼떽3퓂볤탐쫐뷏룟,듓4퓂뾪틲캪뫳헟쫽솿폐쿞,퓚쫐뎡짏뫄럑듹뺡,듓뛸틽웰쪼떽6퓂볤훰붥믘실,7퓂뾪쪼떽9퓂볤뻹퓚뗍뛒뮻싊뗄솢벴짏짽,뛸잰헟캪쳵틸,늻듳믡돶쿖퇏쮮ힼ짏캬돖,좻뫳듓10퓂뾪쪼떽12퓂폖훰붥짏훘펰쿬뛒뮻싊뗄?랦쟩탎ꆣ헇ꆣ헢퇹튻훖훜웚탔뗄뇤뮯쟣쿲,쪵볊짏쫇폫랢믣싊쫇튻맺믵뇒폫쇭튻맺믵뇒뗄뇈싊ꆣ틲퓋단튶뛸뛔믣뛒탨튪뗄퓶복쟩뿶쿠뛔펦뗄ꆣ듋,믣싊뇤뚯훷튪틀뻝솽훖믵뇒횮볤뗄볛횵횮뇈쿔뛸틗볻,컞싛쫇믣싊뗄벾뷚탔뇤뚯뮹쫇욽캪믹뒡,쯦믵뇒뗄릩쟳뇤뮯뛸뇤뚯ꆣ펰쿬믣싊뗄뻹믣뛒쫐뎡탐쫐돊짏짽쟷쫆,뚼폫쎳틗쮳쓦뫍쯉틲쯘벫캪뢴퓓ꆣ헽죧틔짏럖컶쯹횪,뾪늺돵웚,췢뷴뷴쏜쿠맘ꆣ믣믣싊돊쿖늻뛏짏퇯뗄쟷쫆,퓬돉헢튻쟷쫆뗄틲돽쇋쎳틗솿퓶복쯹퓬돉뗄믣싊뇤뮯뛸췢,쇭쯘,튻캪맺볊쎳틗뗄ힴ뿶,튻캪냗틸믵뇒놾짭뗄?췢튻룶횵뗃힢틢뗄쿖쿳쫇,퓚뾪늺돵웚,냗틸늻ퟣ랦ꆣ틔짏틲쯘늢늻떥뛀웰ퟷ폃,떱벸훖틲쯘춬쿲튲쓜떼훂믣뛒뫍냗틸탐쫐뗄뇤뚯ꆣ붻횯ퟷ폃쫐뎡쪱,뻍볓잿쇋믣싊뗄짏퇯쟷쫆,듓뛸ퟔ19쫀볍20쓪듺틔살,평폚샺쓪횧뢶듳솿쓰돉췢믣럧뎱ꆣ뷸뿚톻욬틔벰톻욬햽헹쯹퓬돉뗄룟뛮엢뿮뗈뗈,뾪늺돵웚,짏몣붥쟷삩듳뗄뛔췢쎳틗쯤좻틽쪹뗃훐맺냗틸듳솿쇷쪧ꆣ1845쓪,펢맺짏몣쇬웰쇋쎳틗랽쪽뫍짌욷뷡릹뗈뗄튻쾵쇐뇤뮯,떫ퟜ쫂냍뛻뢻뻍킴뗀:ꆰ믣욱뫜쓑뛒쿖,횻폐퓚뫜룟뗄뗄살쮵,죔좻쎻폐냚췑퓧웚짌죋놾뗄풭쪼실뫳쳹쮮뗄쟩뿶쿂닅냬뗃떽ꆣꆱ[27](P395)내헕맺볊쫕횧ힴ첬,탂뗄닺튵놾뗄짌욷쟖싔뫍뻉뗄짌튵놾샭싛,퓚40쓪듺뫳웚,짏몣쎳틗쫕횧믹놾짏뒦폚뗄풭쪼싓뛡뒦폚붻닦뷸탐뗄ힴ첬ꆣ퓚헻룶맽돌쓦닮ힴ첬,뛸쟒닮뛮뮹폐삩듳뗄쟷쫆ꆣ튻룶쎳틗훐,쎳틗뷡쯣랽쪽뗄듳훂싶싧쫇듓쿖틸뷡쯣ꆢ틔믵뒦폚쓦닮뗄뗘쟸,퓚춨뎣ힴ뿶쿂,믣볛ퟜ쫇쟷폚쿂틗믵떽믣뛒뷡쯣뗄퇝뇤,떫쪵볊짏헢3훖랽쪽퓚뗸뗄ꆣ떫쫇듓뇭3쿔쪾뗄쫽뻝,퓚뾪늺훁40쓪듺헻룶돵웚돊쿖ퟅ붻횯뷸탐뗄ힴ첬ꆣ쒩웚,믣싊좴돊쿖늻뛏짏퇯뗄쟷쫆,헢훷튪쫇틲캪폫듋춬쪱,뛔맺볊쎳틗웰뢨훺탔ퟷ폃뗄뷰죚냗틸뗄좱랦떼훂믣싊짏퇯쟷쫆뎬맽쇋쎳틗쓦닮쯹믺릹튲퓚늻뛏랢짺뇤뮯ꆣ퇳탐늻뷶듓쫂쎳틗,뛸떼훂뗄믣싊쿂뗸쟷쫆ꆣ쟒몽퓋ꆢ놣쿕ꆢ뷰죚믣뛒뗈튲컞쯹늻냼ꆣퟔ1850떱쪱짏몣뇪ힼ뗄뛒뮻떥캻쫇컷냠퇀놾퇳쓪듺뾪쪼,쯦ퟅ짏몣쎳틗톸쯙삩햹,틔믵틗믵뗄랽(carolusdollar),떽50쓪듺훐웚,헢훖믵뇒풽살풽쪽훰붥췋돶샺쪷컨첨,닅듌벤쇋믵뇒쇷춨뫍죚짙ꆣ컷냠퇀놾퇳쾡짙뗄풭틲쫇헢훖틸풪틑뺭돉캪탨쟳뗄퓶뎤,뷡쯣튵컱뾪쪼쿲믣뛒뷡쯣퇝뇤,틸탐짏몣뗄춨믵,떫컷랽뛔폚헢훖믵뇒뗄릩펦쟷폚뿝붫튪훕뷡ꆰ듳퇳탐ꆱ쪱듺틑뺭캪쪱늻풶쇋ꆣ뷟ꆣ룹뻝돉럖본뚨,컷냠퇀틸풪뗄뒿틸볛횵쫇쎿평폚짏몣뷸돶뿚쎳틗뮹쎻폐돤럖햹뾪,늻떫풪뇣쪿,뿉뛒뮻4쿈쇮2뇣쪿ꆣ떫훁1851믣뛒뗄쫽솿뫍쎳틗뗄쫽솿춬쪱뒦퓚뷏뗍뗄쮮욽쓪,컷냠퇀놾퇳뗄뛒뮻싊평4쿈쇮3뇣쪿쏍짽떽짏,뛸쟒믣뛒붻틗뗄랽쪽뫍뛔췢쎳틗뗄랽쪽튲춬7쿈쇮,쎿풪뗄볛룱퓶볓쇋3쿈쇮ꆣ1855쓪,ퟮ룟쪱뒦퓚뇈뷏풭쪼뗄ힴ첬훐ꆣ듋쪱맺볊믣뛒퓚짏몣뛒뮻싊듯떽쇋쎿룶놾퇳뛒뮻7쿈쇮8](P20)8뇣쪿[,헢룶쫐뎡짏,뮹쎻폐탎돉춳튻뗄탐쫐ꆣ쎻폐맦랶쎿풪짽횵3쿈쇮6뇣쪿ꆣ떱컷냠퇀틸풪짽쮮듯뮯뗄췢믣없볛쳥쾵,룼쎻폐뷏캪맦랶뗄쫐뎡,쿔뛸40%,웤튻쎶뗄볛룱틑뺭뎬맽쇋튻솽틸ퟓ뗄볛룱틗볻,헦헽틢틥짏뗄짏몣췢믣쫐뎡짐캴탎돉ꆣ110
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