乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफϝ⠜®(PMBOKᣛफ)㕢ᆊᷛޚANSI/PMI 99-001-2004
乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफϝ⠜®(PMBOKᣛफ)㕢ᆊᷛޚANSI/PMI 99-001-2004
к⠜㓪Ⳃ᭄ 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफ˖PMBOK ᣛफ3⠜p. cm ࣙ㋶ᓩ ISBN 1-930699-45-X 1.乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ I. кৡ˖PMBOKᣛफ II. 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮHD69 P75G845 2004 ’04-dc222004058697ISBN: 1-930699-80-8 ˄ℷᓣЁ᭛⠜ᑇ㺙˅ISBN: 1-930699-45-X ˄㣅᭛⠜ᑇ㺙˅ISBN: 1-930699-50-6 ˄㣅᭛ܝⲬ⠜˅ߎ⠜㗙˖ Project Management Institute, Inc. Four Campus Boulevard Newtown Square, Pennsylvania 19073-3299 USA. ⬉䆱˖+1-610-356-4600 Ӵⳳ˖+1-610-356-4647 㔥ഔ˖⬉ᄤ䚂ӊ˖pmihq@ ©乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ᳝䰤݀ৌ2004ᑈ⠜ᴗ᠔᳝DŽֱ⬭ϔߛᴗⲞDŽ"PMI"ǃ"PMP"ˈ"PMBOK˄lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏NJ˅"ǃ"Project Management Journal˄lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᄺNJ˅"ǃ"PM Network˄lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㔥㒰NJ˅"ǃĀPMI Today˄ljҞ᮹乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮNJ˅ā䛑ᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚᳝䰤݀ৌⱘ⊼ݠଚᷛDŽབᵰᏠᳯњ㾷PMIⱘ᠔᳝⊼ݠଚᷛˈ䇋ϢPMIⱘ⊩ᕟ䚼䮼㘨㋏DŽPMIߎ⠜⠽䖢䇏㗙ᣛℷˈᑊᇍ᭛ӊݙᆍ䖯㸠䆘䆎DŽ䇋ህᠧॄǃᥦ⠜ҹঞ݊Ҫᮍ䴶᠔ߎ⦄ⱘ䯂乬Ϣ䆍䇃ᦤߎᡍ䆘ᣛℷDŽ䇋ᇚⳌ݇ⱘ义䴶ॄҹৢˈᷛᯢ䆍䇃᠔ԡ㕂ˈᇚ݊ᆘᕔPMIߎ⠜䚼ˈഄഔᰃ˖PMI Publications, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA, ⬉ᄤ䚂ӊ booked@ PMIⱘк㈡⫼༪કǃ䌴䗕⼐કǃ݀ৌӕϮ䆁ᬭᴤҹঞᄺ᷵䇒ᬭᄺ⫼ᬭᴤ㗠䳔㽕ᡍ䞣䅶䌁ᯊˈ៥Ӏৃᦤկᡍ䞣䅶䌁ᡬᠷӬᚴDŽབᵰᏠᳯњ㾷ԧӬᚴᚙމˈ䇋Ϣ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ˄PMI˅ߎ⠜䚼㘨㋏ˈഄഔᰃ˖PMI Publications, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA, ⬉ᄤ䚂ӊbooksonline@㗙Ϣᔧഄⱘкᑫ⌑DŽᴀк㕢ॄࠊDŽ㒣ߎ⠜㗙џܜк䴶䆌ৃˈᴀкⱘӏԩ䚼ߚഛϡᕫҹӏԩ⬉ᄤǃҎᎹ㗙݊Ҫ↉ࠊӴ䗕ˈࣙᣀॄǃᔩ䷇ˈҹঞӏԩ݊Ҫֵᙃ䌂ᄬϢ䇗⫼↉DŽᴀк᠔⫼㒌ᓴヺড়㕢ֵܼᙃᷛޚ㒘㒛—1984োᷛޚ᠔㾘ᅮⱘ∌Йֱᄬ㒌ᓴᷛޚⱘ㾘ᅮDŽ10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ໄᯢЎ㕢乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮⱘᷛޚᣛफᗻߎ⠜⠽ˈ䖭ህᰃ݊Ёϔᴀˈᰃ䗮䖛ϔϾ㞾থⱘҹणଚЎ⸔ⱘᷛޚᓔথ䖛㗠䖯㸠ᓔথⱘDŽℸ䖛ᡞᖫᜓ㗙㘮ϔ䍋ˈৠᯊг㦋ᕫϔѯᇍℸкݙᆍᛳ݈䍷ⱘҎⱘ㾖⚍DŽPMIᅲᮑℸ䖛ᯊˈ⹂ゟⳌᑨ㾘߭ˈҹ֓䖒៤ϔ㟈ᛣ㾕ⱘ䖛Ёᦤ催݀ℷᗻDŽणӮϡߎৄℸ᭛ᴀˈгϡ⣀ゟ⌟䆩ǃ䆘Ԅ䆕ᯢӏԩֵᙃⱘޚ⹂ᗻǃᅠᭈᗻӏԩℸᄺӮⱘᷛޚᗻᣛफᗻߎ⠜⠽Ё᳝݇߸ᮁⱘℷ⹂ᗻDŽPMIᇍӏԩ᮴䆎ᰃ⡍⅞ⱘǃⳈⱘ䯈ⱘϾҎӸᆇˈ䋶ѻ݊Ҫӏԩᗻ䋼ⱘᤳ༅ˈ㗙ᰃՓ⫼ᴀߎ⠜⠽Ⳍֵᴀкݙᆍ㗠ᓩ䍋ⱘⳈⱘǃ䯈ⱘ䌨ٓˈ䛑ϡ䋳䋷ӏˈৠᯊгϡ⹂ֱᴀкЁⱘֵᙃᇚᅠ៤䇏㗙ӏԩ⡍߿ⱘⳂⱘ䳔∖DŽPMIгϡՓ⫼ℸᷛޚᣛफⱘӏԩϾҎǃ⫳ѻଚ䫔ଂଚⱘѻક᳡ࡵخᢙֱDŽߎ⠜থ㸠ℸкⱘ䖛ЁˈPMIϡӮ㒭ӏԩҎಶԧᦤկϧϮⱘ݊Ҫ᳡ࡵˈPMIгϡӮᇍӏԩҎಶԧሹ㸠䋷ӏНࡵDŽӏԩՓ⫼ℸкⱘҎᑨձ㞾Ꮕⱘ⣀ゟ߸ᮁЎᏅ᠔⫼ˈᇏ∖ϔϾ᳝㛑ⱘϧϮҎᴹ⹂ᅮӏԩ᮶ᅮ⦃๗Ёⱘড়⧚ᯊ䯈DŽᴀк᠔ⱘֵᙃ݊Ҫⱘᷛޚг䆌ৃҢ߿໘㦋ᕫˈՓ⫼㗙г䆌Ꮰᳯএ䆶ҹ㦋ᕫᴀкࣙⱘ㾖⚍ֵᙃDŽPMI᮴ᴗгϡӮⲥⴷᔎ䖿ҪҎ䙉ᅜᴀкⱘݙᆍˈPMIгϡӮᅝܼعᒋⱘॳᇍѻકǃ⍝ঞᅝ㺙䖯㸠䅸䆕ǃ⌟䆩ᅵᶹDŽӏԩ᳝݇㽕∖ҪҎ䙉ᅜⱘعᒋᅝܼⳌֵ݇ᙃⱘ䆕ᯢໄᯢ䛑ϡᑨᔦѢPMIˈ䙷াᰃ䆕ᯢ㗙ໄᯢ㗙ⱘ䋷ӏDŽ
Ⳃᔩ ϝ⠜ࠡ㿔...........................................................................................vii乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㒧ᵘ..........................................................................................1ᓩ䆎.............................................................................................................ᴀᣛफⱘⳂⱘ.................................................................................ҔМᰃ乍Ⳃ˛.................................................................................ҔМᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚˛..........................................................................ᴀᣛफⱘ㒧ᵘ.................................................................................ϧϮⶹ䆚乚ඳ...............................................................................乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ⦃๗...........................................................................16乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳϢ㒘㒛.....................................................................................乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳ...................................................................................19 乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙...........................................................................24 㒘㒛ⱘᕅડ...................................................................................27 乍Ⳃⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᷛޚ.............................................................................35乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䖛.........................................................................................乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䇌䖛........................................................................39 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘...........................................................................40 䖛䯈ⳌѦ㘨㋏Ϣ⫼................................................................67 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㾷........................................................................69 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚乚ඳ.................................................................................71ᓩ㿔...........................................................................................................73䖛⌕...........................................................................................73 乍ⳂЏ㽕᭛ӊ.......................................................................................76 乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚.............................................................................................ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴ...............................................................................81 ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.............................................................86 ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ........................................................................88 ᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᠻ㸠....................................................................91 ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ乍ⳂᎹ....................................................................94 ᭈԧবࠊ...............................................................................96 乍Ⳃ㒧ሒ....................................................................................100 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚...........................................................................................㣗ೈ㾘ߦ....................................................................................107 㣗ೈᅮН....................................................................................109 ࠊᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ......................................................................112 㣗ೈḌᅲ....................................................................................118 㣗ೈࠊ....................................................................................119 乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚...........................................................................................⌏ࡼᅮН....................................................................................127 ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA i
Ⳃᔩ ⌏ࡼᥦᑣ....................................................................................130 ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ............................................................................135 ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ.....................................................................139 ࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼................................................................................143 䖯ᑺࠊ....................................................................................152 乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚...........................................................................................䌍⫼Ԅㅫ....................................................................................161 䌍⫼乘ㅫ....................................................................................167 䌍⫼ࠊ....................................................................................171 乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚...........................................................................................䋼䞣㾘ߦ....................................................................................183 䋼䞣ֱ䆕....................................................................................187 ᅲᮑ䋼䞣ࠊ............................................................................190 乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚....................................................................................Ҏ䌘⑤㾘ߦ............................................................................202 乍Ⳃಶ䯳ࢳ............................................................................209 ಶ䯳ᓎ䆒....................................................................................212 ಶ䯳ㅵ⧚....................................................................................215 乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚........................................................................................... ≳䗮㾘ߦ....................................................................................225 ֵᙃথᏗ....................................................................................228 㒽ᬜਞ....................................................................................231 ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ㅵ⧚.........................................................................235 乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚........................................................................................... 亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ............................................................................242 亢䰽䆚߿....................................................................................246 亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ............................................................................249 亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤ............................................................................254 亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ............................................................................260 亢䰽ⲥ⌟Ϣࠊ.........................................................................264 乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚........................................................................................... 䞛䌁㾘ߦ....................................................................................274 থࣙ㾘ߦ....................................................................................281 䆶Ӌ...........................................................................................284 կᮍ䗝ᢽ....................................................................................286 ড়ৠㅵ⧚....................................................................................290 ড়ৠᬊሒ....................................................................................295 䰘ᔩ...................................................................................................307ϝ⠜ׂᬍП໘.......................................................................................301乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮlj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJⱘⓨব.....................................309®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ˄PMBOKᣛफ˅ϝ⠜᪄〓ҎϢᅵ䯙Ҏ...................................................................321ᑨ⫼乚ඳᠽሩ...........................................................................................329乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䌘᭭݊Ҫᴹ⑤.............................................................................333乍Ⳃⶹ䆚乚ඳᨬ㽕....................................................................................337ᴃ䇁㸼㋶ᓩ.....................................................................................343খ㗗кⳂ..................................................................................................345ᴃ䇁∛㓪..................................................................................................347㋶ᓩ..........................................................................................................381®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜ii 2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
㸼1-1˖乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚乚ඳ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛ὖ䉠.......................................111-2˖乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳䳔㽕ⱘϧϮⶹ䆚乚ඳ...............................................132-1˖乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ϢҎᡩܹ∈ᑇ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳЁⱘൟߚᏗ..................212-2˖߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ᕅડ䱣ⴔᯊ䯈ⱘব࣪..................................................212-3˖乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳݙⱘൟ䰊↉ᑣ߫......................................................232-4˖ѻકϢ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳП䯈ⱘ݇㋏......................................................242-5˖߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙Ϣ乍ⳂП䯈ⱘ݇㋏......................................................252-6˖㒘㒛㒧ᵘᇍ乍Ⳃⱘᕅડ.................................................................282-7˖㘠㛑ᓣ㒘㒛...................................................................................292-8˖乍Ⳃᓣ㒘㒛...................................................................................292-9˖ᔅⶽ䰉ᓣ㒘㒛...............................................................................302-10˖ᑇ㸵ⶽ䰉ᓣ㒘㒛..........................................................................302-11˖ᔎⶽ䰉ᓣ㒘㒛.............................................................................312-12˖ড়ᓣ㒘㒛.................................................................................313-1˖“䅵ߦ-ᠻ㸠-Ẕᶹ-㸠ࡼ”ᕾ⦃...........................................................393-2˖乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘Ϣ“䅵ߦ-ᠻ㸠-Ẕᶹ-㸠ࡼ”ᕾ⦃ⱘᇍᑨ݇㋏............403-3˖㒬ࠊ⌕ⱘ՟........................................................................413-4˖ᇍ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘ⳌѦ⫼ϢⳌѦᕅડⱘ催ᑺὖᣀ.....................423-5˖乍Ⳃ䖍⬠......................................................................................433-6˖ਃࡼ䖛㒘...................................................................................44㸼3-1˖ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ.........................................................45㸼3-2˖ᢳᅮ߱ℹ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˖ձϢ៤ᵰ.......................................453-7˖㾘ߦ䖛㒘...................................................................................47㸼3-3˖ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ..................................................48㸼3-4˖㣗ೈ㾘ߦ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ.................................................................48㸼3-5˖㣗ೈᅮН˖ձϢ៤ᵰ.................................................................49㸼3-6˖ࠊᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ..................................................49㸼3-7˖⌏ࡼᅮН˖ձϢ៤ᵰ.................................................................49㸼3-8˖⌏ࡼᥦᑣ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ.................................................................50㸼3-9˖⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ.........................................................50㸼3-10˖⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ.......................................................50㸼3-11˖ࠊ䅶䖯ᑺ㸼˖ձϢ៤ᵰ...........................................................51㸼3-12˖䌍⫼Ԅㅫ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ...............................................................51㸼3-13˖䌍⫼乘ㅫ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ...............................................................51㸼3-14˖䋼䞣㾘ߦ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ...............................................................52㸼3-15˖Ҏ䌘⑤㾘ߦ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ.......................................................52㸼3-16˖≳䗮㾘ߦ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ...............................................................52㸼3-17˖亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ.......................................................53㸼3-18˖亢䰽䆚߿˖ձϢ៤ᵰ...............................................................53®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA iii
Ⳃᔩ 㸼3-19˖ᅮᗻ亢䰽ߚᵤ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ........................................................53㸼3-20˖ᅮ䞣亢䰽ߚᵤ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ........................................................54㸼3-21˖亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ........................................................54㸼3-22˖䞛䌁Ϣᕕ䌁㾘ߦ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ....................................................54㸼3-23˖থࣙ㾘ߦ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ...............................................................553-8˖ᠻ㸠䖛㒘...................................................................................55㸼3-24˖ᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᠻ㸠˖ձϢ៤ᵰ.............................................56㸼3-25˖ᣛᅲᮑ䋼䞣ֱ䆕˖ձϢ៤ᵰ....................................................56㸼3-26˖㒘ᓎ乍Ⳃಶ䯳˖ձϢ៤ᵰ........................................................57㸼3-27˖乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᓎ䆒˖ձϢ៤ᵰ........................................................57㸼3-28˖ֵᙃߚথ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ...............................................................57㸼3-29˖䇋∖पᮍಲᑨ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ........................................................58㸼3-30˖पᮍ䗝ᢽ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ...............................................................583-9˖ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㒘........................................................................60㸼3-31˖ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ乍ⳂᎹ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ.............................................61㸼3-32˖ᭈԧবࠊ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ........................................................61㸼3-33˖㣗ೈḌᅲ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ...............................................................62㸼3-34˖㣗ೈࠊ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ...............................................................62㸼3-35˖䖯ᑺࠊ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ...............................................................62㸼3-36˖䌍⫼ࠊ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ...............................................................63㸼3-37˖ᅲᮑ䋼䞣ࠊ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ........................................................63㸼3-38˖ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃಶ䯳˖ձϢ៤ᵰ........................................................63㸼3-39˖䖯ሩਞ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ...............................................................64㸼3-40˖ㅵ⧚߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙˖ձϢ៤ᵰ....................................................64㸼3-41˖亢䰽ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ....................................................65㸼3-42˖ড়ৠㅵ⧚˖ձϢ៤ᵰ...............................................................653-10˖㒧ሒ䖛㒘.................................................................................66㸼3-43˖㒧ᴳ乍Ⳃ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ...............................................................67㸼3-44˖ড়ৠ㒧ሒ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ...............................................................673-11˖乍Ⳃ䖛㒘ⱘ㘨㋏ϢⳌѦ⫼....................................................683-12˖乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘П䯈ⱘϝ㾦݇㋏.................................................69㸼3-45˖乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛ǃ䖛㒘Ϣⶹ䆚乚ඳⱘ㾷..................................70III-1˖䖛⌕՟...........................................................................73III-2˖ϝϾЏ㽕乍Ⳃ᭛ӊˈҹঞৠ݊㒘៤䚼ߚП䯈ⱘ݇㋏.....................754-1˖乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚ὖ䉠........................................................................794-2˖乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚⌕.....................................................................804-3˖ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ....................................824-4˖ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ..................874-5˖ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ.............................894-6˖ᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᠻ㸠˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ.........................924-7˖ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ乍ⳂᎹ:ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ...........................954-8˖ᭈԧবࠊ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ....................................984-9˖乍Ⳃ㒧ሒ:ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ...........................................1005-1˖乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚ὖ䉠......................................................................1055-2˖乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䖛⌕............................................................1065-3˖㣗ೈ㾘ߦ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.........................................1075-4˖㣗ೈᅮН˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.........................................1095-5˖ࠊᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ...........................1135-6˖Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘВ՟ˈ㢹ᑆߚᬃᏆ㒣ϟߚ㾷ࠄᎹ㒚Ⳃ∈ᑇ.....114®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜iv 2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
5-7˖ᣝ䰊↉㒘㒛ⱘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘВ՟................................................1165-8˖䰆⠽䌘Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘВ՟.......................................................1165-9˖㣗ೈḌᅲ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.........................................1185-10˖㣗ೈࠊ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.......................................1206-1˖乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚ὖ䉠......................................................................1256-2˖乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚䖛⌕...........................................................1266-3˖⌏ࡼᅮН˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.........................................1276-4˖⌏ࡼᥦᑣ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.........................................1306-5˖㋻ࠡ݇㋏㒬⊩˄ऩҷো㔥㒰˅.............................................1316-6˖ㆁ㒓㒬⊩˄ঠҷো㔥㒰˅....................................................1326-7˖⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ..................................1366-8˖⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ..........................1396-9˖ࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.....................................1436-10˖乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ⱘᔶ㸼⼎.............................................................1506-11˖䖯ᑺࠊ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.......................................1527-1˖乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚ὖ䉠......................................................................1597-2˖乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䖛⌕...........................................................1607-3˖䌍⫼Ԅㅫ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ.........................................1627-4˖䌍⫼乘ㅫ˖ձǃᎹᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ.........................................1677-5˖⦄䞥⌕ǃ䌍⫼ޚߎ䌘䞥乱....................................................1707-6˖䌍⫼ࠊ˖ձǃᎹᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ.........................................1717-7˖㒽ᬜਞ˄ᔶᔶᓣ˅...............................................................1748-1˖乍Ⳃ៤ᴀㅵ⧚ὖ䉠......................................................................1828-2˖乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䖛⌕...........................................................1838-3˖䋼䞣㾘ߦ˖䕧ܹǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ䕧ߎ.........................................1848-4˖ᅲᮑ䋼䞣ֱ䆕˖䕧ܹǃᎹᡔᴃǃ䕧ߎ..................................1888-5˖ᅲᮑ䋼䞣ࠊ˖䕧ܹǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ䕧ߎ..................................1918-6˖ᵰ........................................................................................1928-7˖乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺᅲᮑⱘࠊ⼎՟.......................................................1938-8˖䖛⌕⼎՟..........................................................................1948-9˖Ꮹ㌃ᠬ....................................................................................1959-1˖乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚ὖ䉠...............................................................2019-2˖乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚䖛⌕....................................................2029-3˖Ҏ䌘⑤㾘ߦ˖䕧ܹǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ䕧ߎ..................................2039-4˖㾦㡆㘠䋷ᅮНḐᓣ..................................................................2059-5˖RACIᔶᓣⱘ㘠䋷ߚ䜡ⶽ䰉.........................................................2069-6˖䌘⑤ⳈᮍВ՟..........................................................................2089-7˖Ҏਬࢳ˖䕧ܹǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ䕧ߎ.........................................2099-8˖ಶ䯳ᓎ䆒˖䕧ܹǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ䕧ߎ.........................................2129-9˖乍Ⳃಶ䯳ㅵ⧚˖䕧ܹǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ䕧ߎ..................................21510-1˖乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚ὖ䉠....................................................................22210-2˖乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚䖛⌕.........................................................22310-3˖≳䗮 - ᴀൟ........................................................................22410-4˖≳䗮㾘ߦ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ.......................................22510-5˖ֵᙃথᏗ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ.......................................22810-6˖㒽ᬜਞ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ.......................................23110-7˖㸼ᓣ㒽ᬜਞВ՟....................................................................23410-8˖߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ㅵ⧚˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ............................23511-1˖乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ὖ䉠....................................................................239®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA v
Ⳃᔩ 11-2˖乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䖛⌕..........................................................24111-3˖亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ................................24211-4˖亢䰽ߚ㾷㒧ᵘ⼎՟....................................................................24411-5˖ಯ乍乍ⳂⳂᷛⱘ亢䰽ᕅડᷛᑺ..................................................24511-6˖亢䰽䆚߿˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ.......................................24611-7˖亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ................................25011-8˖ὖ⥛-ᕅડⶽ䰉..........................................................................25211-9˖亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ................................25411-10˖亢䰽䆓䇜᠔ᕫࠄⱘ៤ᴀԄㅫϢؐඳ.........................................25611-11˖ᐌ⫼ὖ⥛ߚᏗВ՟..................................................................25611-12˖އㄪᷥߚᵤ.............................................................................25811-13˖៤ᴀ亢䰽ᢳ㒧ᵰ..................................................................25911-14˖亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ˖ձǃᎹᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ..............................26011-15˖亢䰽ⲥ˗ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ.....................................26512-1˖乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚ὖ䉠....................................................................27212-2˖乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䖛⌕..........................................................27312-3˖䞛䌁㾘ߦ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ.......................................27412-4˖থࣙ㾘ߦ˗ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ.......................................28112-5˖䆶Ӌ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ...............................................28412-6˖䗝ᢽկᮍ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ.......................................28712-7˖ড়ৠㅵ⧚˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ.......................................29112-8˖ড়ৠᬊሒ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.......................................296㸼 1 – ゴ㡖㓪ᥦⱘবࡼ.............................................................................301㸼 2 – ಯゴⱘবࡼ................................................................................304㸼3 – 5ゴⱘবࡼ................................................................................304㸼4 – 6ゴⱘবࡼ................................................................................305㸼5 – 7ゴⱘবࡼ................................................................................305㸼6 – 8ゴⱘবࡼ................................................................................306㸼7 – 9ゴⱘবࡼ................................................................................306㸼8 – 10ゴⱘবࡼ..............................................................................306㸼9 – 11ゴⱘবࡼ˄䖛ৡ⿄ᬍ˅.................................................307㸼10 – 12ゴⱘবࡼ............................................................................307®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜vi 2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ϝ⠜ࠡ㿔®ᴀ᭛ӊপҷ2000ᑈߎ⠜ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᄺӮlj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)Ѡ⠜DŽ㞾Ң2000ᑈѠ⠜ߎ⠜ҹᴹˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᄺӮᬊࠄњϞϛᴵЎᬍ䖯®PMBOKᣛफ2000ᑈ⠜㗠ᦤߎⱘᅱ䌉ᓎ䆂DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᄺӮᬊࠄ䖭ѯᓎ䆂ৢህ䖯㸠њⷨおˈᑊḍᚙމᇚ݊㒇ܹࠄᴀϝ⠜ПЁDŽ⬅Ѣ䖭ѯᓎ䆂ˈҹঞ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏㞾䑿ⱘথሩˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᄺӮ㞾ᜓ㗙®®ᮄњPMBOKᣛफDŽĀᮄPMBOKᣛफ2000⠜ā乍Ⳃⱘゴᰃ˖xᇚᴤ᭭প㟡ⱘޚ߭Ā᭄乍Ⳃ䚼ߚᯊ䯈᱂䘡ফāᬍЎĀ䚼ߚᯊ䯈ˈ᭄乍Ⳃ᱂䘡䅸ৃⱘ㡃དخ⊩āDŽ᠔䇧݀䅸ˈህᰃᴀᣛफҟ㒡ⱘⶹ䆚Ϣخ⊩ৃҹ䚼ߚᯊ䯈ᑨ⫼Ѣ᭄乍Ⳃˈ݊Ӌؐ⫼䗨Ꮖ㒣ᕫࠄᑓ⊯ⱘ䅸ৠDŽx⏏ࡴড乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖭ϔ乚ඳЁⶹ䆚خ⊩থሩⱘᮄᴤ᭭ˈᇚᏆ㒣݀䅸Ў㡃དخ⊩ⱘخ⊩ǃᎹǃᡔᴃ݊Ҫ᳝݇џ乍ᙝ᭄ᬊܹDŽxࡴ䞡㾚乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘ˈخњ䆺㒚ⱘ䯤䗄DŽxࡴᔎ䇗乍Ⳃⱘᭈԧㅵ⧚ˈՓ݊ᇍѢ乍Ⳃⱘ䞡㽕ᗻᕫࠄњᙄབ݊ߚⱘ㸼⦄DŽxࡴњਃࡼ䖛㒘ⱘ㆛ᐙˈҹ֓ޚ⹂ഄ䇈ᯢ乍Ⳃⱘ߱ྟ䰊↉Ϣ↣ϔ䰊↉ⱘᓔྟ䚼ߚDŽxࡴњϾ㒧ሒ䖛ⱘ㆛ᐙDŽxᇍѢ᠔᳝ⱘ䖛䛑䖯㸠њ䆘ӋˈՓ݊ᔦ݊ԡˈݙᆍᅠᭈˈ䆆㾷⏙ἮDŽxᅵ䯙њℷ᭛ˈ⹂ֱ⏙Ἦᯢⱑǃᅠᭈ᮴㔎ǃ᳝ⱘᬒⶶDŽxẔᶹᑊ㒳ϔњ乍Ⳃձǃ៤ᵰˈҹঞᎹϢᡔᴃⱘᴃ䇁Փ⫼Ϣԡ㕂㓪ᥦDŽᣛߎњ᠔᳝ձⱘߎ໘Ϣ᠔᳝៤ᵰⱘএDŽxℷ᭛ৃ㛑П໘خњׂᬍˈՓᴀᣛफ֓Ѣ䆥៤݊Ҫ᭛ᄫˈᇍѢ᳝⍜ᵕ᭛࣪⎉Нⱘᄫহ㗗㰥њᤶDŽxࡴњ㋶ᓩϢᴃ䇁ⱘ㆛ᐙDŽxᬍℷњϞϔ⠜ᴀЁᄬⱘ䫭䇃DŽ®乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफ (PMBOK Guide)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA vii
®ĀPMBOKᣛफ2004⠜ᮄā乍Ⳃಶ䯳䙉ᅜњϞ䗄ゴDŽЎњৃ㛑Ꮖ❳ᙝᴀᣛफϞϔ⠜ᴀⱘᅲ䰙ҢϮҎਬϢ݊Ҫᛳ݈䍷㗙ᦤկѯ߽֓ˈℸᇚϸϾ⠜ᴀП䯈ⱘЏ㽕Ꮒᓖㅔ㽕䇈ᯢབϟ˖1.ϝ⠜ܼ᭛㞾ྟ㟇㒜ˈᮄ䖛ߎ⦄ˈҹঞׂᬍ⦄᳝䖛ৡ⿄П໘ˈ䛑Ўᯢњ䍋㾕ҹࡼᆒ㒧ᵘੑ݊ৡDŽ2.হൟϔ㠀䛑ᬍЎЏࡼ䇁ᗕDŽ3.╘⏙њ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳϢѻક⫳ੑᳳП䯈ⱘϡৠП໘DŽ4.䖛ᘏ᭄⬅39㟇44DŽ⏏ࡴњ7Ͼˈߴ䰸њ2Ͼˈᬍৡ⿄㗙13Ͼˈ᳔㒜ޔњ5ϾDŽ5.᠔᳝ⱘᔶ䛑乎ᑣ㓪োˈᑊ⊼ᯢЎ㸼DŽ6.╘⏙њ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘Ϣⶹ䆚乚ඳП䯈ⱘϡৠП໘DŽϸ㗙П䯈䞡⚍ᬒࠄњ䖛㒘ᮍ䴶DŽ7.ᇚ3ゴᷛ乬ᬍЎĀ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛āˈᑊᇚ݊Ңϔ䚼ߚ⿏㟇ᮄࡴⱘѠ䚼ߚDŽ䖭ᮄࡴⱘѠ䚼ߚݴҹĀ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᷛޚāПৡDŽ䖭ϔᬍࡼПЁˈ3ゴׂᬍП໘ᕜˈ㸼ᯢ䖛㒘ˈҹঞ䆹ゴⱘձϢ៤ᵰᰃऩϔ乍Ⳃⱘㅵ⧚ᷛޚⱘ⸔DŽ8.Ⳉ㾖ഄ㸼⼎ߎ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛П䯈ⱘ݇㋏ˈҹ֓ᇚ݊㒧ড়៤ᭈԧDŽ9.ᇍᴃ䇁㸼خњᕜⱘׂᬍϢᠽܙDŽЎ䙓ܡ⏋⎚ˈᇚ᳝݇ⱘᴃ䇁ᣝ㉏߿㓪ᥦDŽ10.ࡴⱘ䖛བϟ˖xࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴ˄㾕㡖˅xࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˄㾕㡖˅xⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ乍ⳂᎹ˄㾕㡖˅x㒧ᴳ乍Ⳃ˄㾕㡖˅xࠊᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄㾕㡖˅x⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ˄㾕㡖˅xㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ˄㾕㡖˅11.᠔᳝ⱘ䖛ձǃᎹǃᡔᴃˈҹঞ៤ᵰ䛑㒣䖛њׂᬍˈ֓ѢᇚϾ䖛㒧ড়Ўᭈԧˈ֓Ѣᡞᦵ݊䯈ⱘ݇㋏DŽ12.Ң4ゴᓔྟˈϔⳈࠄ12ゴˈ䛑ࡴњ䖛⌕ˈࡴ֓ѢᇚϾ㒧ড়ЎᭈԧDŽ13.ϝ䚼ߚݭњᓩ㿔ˈᇍ䖭ѯ䖛⌕خњ᭛ᄫ䇈ᯢˈᑊࡴњϔϾ՟ˈ䇈ᯢϾヺোⱘНDŽ䰘ᔩA – ϝ⠜ׂᬍˈ䆺㒚䇈ᯢњゴⱘᬍࡼП໘DŽlj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ᳒Ѣ2003ᑈᑈᑩҹᕕ∖ᛣ㾕〓ߚথϢҟ㒡ˈᕕ∖ᛣ㾕〓ᅵ〓Ҏਬᆘᴹⱘ᭄Ⳃӫⱘ㾕㾷Ϣᓎ䆂ഛᏆ㒣䖛ᅵᆳˈᑊড䖭ⱘ᳔㒜ᅮ〓ПЁDŽ®乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफ (PMBOK Guide)ϝ⠜viii 2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ᡞᡔᴃᗻક㗏䆥៤݊Ҫ䇁㿔ϡᰃϔ乍ㅔऩⱘᎹDŽ㗏䆥䖛ЁӮ⺄ࠄ䆌⡍⅞ⱘᴃ䇁ˈ䖭ѯᴃ䇁⑤䇁㿔Ё᳝䞡Н㗙⾡㸼䖒ᮍᓣˈЎℸˈ䖭ѯᴃ䇁㒭ᅠᭈޚ⹂ഄᡞⶹ䆚ǃᗱᛇὖᗉ㗏䆥៤ϔ⾡䇁㿔ⱘᎹᏺᴹњϔᅮⱘ䲒ᑺDŽ®Ϟ䗄ᛣ㾕ৠḋ䗖⫼Ѣlj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜ⱘ㗏䆥Ꮉˈሑㅵབℸˈ᳝ϔϾџᅲ䳔㽕ᔎ䇗ˈ㕢㣅䇁ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䇁㿔ᖙ乏ձ✻DIN㸠Ϯᷛޚ㽕∖ⱘᖋ䆡∛䇁㿔䖯㸠㗏䆥DŽ䆥ᴀⱘ䚼ߚᴃ䇁ヺড়DIN 69900 et seqqⱘᴃ䇁ᷛޚˈ✊㗠ˈेՓᰃDINⱘᷛޚᴃ䇁гϡৃ㛑Ϣ㣅᭛ᴃ䇁ᅠܼϔ㟈DŽℸˈ䆥᭛ݙᆍ䖬ᰃӮأ⾏Ѣॳ᭛ݙᆍDŽৠ⧚ˈ㓽ݭ䆡гӮথ⫳㉏ԐᚙމDŽ᳝ѯᰃᷛޚ㓽ݭ䆡ˈ᳝ѯᰃ䗮䖛ܼ⧗ଚϮᛃ՟থሩ㗠ᴹⱘˈ᳝ѯᰃা㛑߯䗴ߎᴹⱘ㓽ݭ䆡DŽЎњ䙓ܡᎺেЎ䲒ˈ៥Ӏއᅮ䞛⫼㣅䇁㓽ݭ䆡DŽ䖭⾡ᡬЁⱘᮍ⊩гᰃ䰙ᷛޚ࣪᠔㛑ফⱘᮍ⊩DŽЎњ֓Ѣᖋ䇁䆥᭛ⱘ䯙䇏ˈ៥Ӏ䙓ᓔњ䰈ᗻヺোDŽे䆥᭛Ё≵᳝⡍߿䇈ᯢ᠔᳝Ḝ՟ⱘ䇁㿔ᗻ߿DŽDennis Bolles, PMP Steve Fahrenkrog, PMP 乍Ⳃ㒣⧚PMIᷛޚㅵ⧚㒣⧚®PMBOKᣛफ2004ᮄ乍Ⳃ㒘®乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफ (PMBOK Guide)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA ix
I䚼ߚ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㒧ᵘ1ゴᓩ䆎2ゴ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳϢ㒘㒛
1ϔゴᓩ䆎乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㘠Ϯⱘⶹ䆚ᘏDŽህڣ⊩ᕟǃएᄺǃӮ䅵䖭ѯ㘠Ϯϔḋˈ䆹㘠Ϯⱘⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᅲ䰙㽕ձ䴴ᑨ⫼ࡼ݊থሩⱘᅲ䰙Ꮉ㗙ᄺ㗙䗤ℹᓎゟDŽᅠᭈⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ⱘܼ䚼ݙᆍϡԚࣙᣀᏆ㒣㹿ᅲ䏉䆕ᯢᑊᕫࠄᑓ⊯ᑨ⫼ⱘӴ㒳خ⊩ˈ㗠Ϩгࣙᣀҙ᳝䰤㣗ೈПݙᑨ⫼ⱘˈ߯ᮄⱘ䕗㡄⏅ⱘخ⊩ˈϡҙࣙᣀথ㸼䖛ⱘ䌘᭭ˈ㗠Ϩгࣙᣀথ㸼䖛ⱘ䌘᭭DŽ䖭ḋϔᴹˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏⦄ҡ✊໘Ѣϡᮁⓨ䖯ПЁDŽᴀゴᅮНᑊ㾷䞞њ㢹ᑆ݇䬂ᴃ䇁ˈৠᯊҟ㒡њᴀᣛफ݊ԭ䚼ߚⱘЏ㽕ݙᆍˈЏ㽕᳝ҹϟ㡖˖ ᴀᣛफⱘⳂⱘ ҔМᰃ乍Ⳃ˛ ҔМᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚˛ 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफⱘ㒧ᵘ ϧϮⶹ䆚乚ඳ 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⦃๗Ϣ᳝݇㚠᱃ᴀᣛफⱘⳂⱘᴀᣛफⱘᴀⳂⱘᰃ䆚߿乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏᱂䘡݀䅸Ў㡃དخ⊩ⱘ䙷ϔ䚼ߚDŽ䆚߿ˈᣛϔ㠀ὖᣀᗻҟ㒡ˈ㗠䴲䆺ሑ᮴䘫ⱘ䇈ᯢDŽ᱂䘡݀䅸ˈᣛҟ㒡ⱘⶹ䆚⊩㒱᭄ᚙމϟ䗖⫼Ѣ㒱᭄ⱘ乍Ⳃˈ݊Ӌؐᅲ⫼ᗻгᕫࠄњҎӀⱘᑓ⊯䅸ৠDŽ㡃དخ⊩ˈᣛϔ㟈䅸Ўˈℷ⹂ᑨ⫼䖭ѯᡔ㛑ǃᎹᡔᴃ㛑ࡴ㣗ೈᵕЎᑓ⊯ⱘ⾡ϡৠ乍Ⳃ៤ࡳⱘᴎӮDŽ㡃དخ⊩ᑊϡᰃ䇈䖭ѯⶹ䆚⊩ϔ៤ϡবഄᑨ⫼Ѣᑨᔧᑨ⫼Ѣ᠔᳝ⱘ乍Ⳃ˗ᇍӏԩϔϾᣛᅮⱘ乍Ⳃˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳䋳䋷އᅮԧ㋏Ёⱘાѯϰ㽓䗖⫼DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 3
ϔゴ ᓩ䆎ᴀᣛफ䖬ᮼЎ䆹㘠Ϯᅲ䏉ϔϾ݅ৠⱘᴃ䇁∛㓪ˈЎ䅼䆎ǃкݭᑨ⫼乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ䴶ⱘ䯂乬ᦤկ߽֓DŽ䖭ḋϔ⾡ᷛޚᴃ䇁∛㓪ᰃϔ⾡㘠Ϯᖙϡৃᇥⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ˄PMI˅䖬Փ⫼ᴀᣛफЎ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㘠Ϯݏ䅵ߦⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᴀ㗠䴲ᚳϔⱘখ㗗䌘᭭DŽ䆹ݏ䅵ߦࣙᣀ˖®乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ϧϮҎਬ˄PMP˅ⱘ䌘Ḑ䅸䆕乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ˄PMI˅⊼ݠ䖛ⱘᬭ㚆ᦤկ㗙˄Registered Education Providers˅᠔ᦤկⱘᬭ㚆䆁乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᬭ㚆乍Ⳃⱘ䅸䆕ᴀᣛफЎᴀⱘখ㗗䌘᭭ˈ᮶䴲ࣙ㔫ϛ䈵ˈѺ䴲䴶䴶ׅࠄDŽ䰘ᔩD䅼䆎њᑨ⫼乚ඳᠽሩ䯂乬ˈ㗠䰘ᔩE߫ߎњ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚݊Ҫ䌘᭭ᴹ⑤DŽᴀᣛफা䅼䆎ऩϾⱘ乍Ⳃ݀䅸㡃ད⊩ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛DŽ᳝݊Ҫᷛޚ䅼䆎㒘㒛乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㛑ⱘ៤❳ǃ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ⱘ㚰ӏ㛑ˈҹঞ⍝ঞ䖭ѯ乚ඳાѯᮍ䴶ሲѢ݀䅸Ў㡃ད⊩ⱘ݊Ҫ乬ⳂDŽ݊Ҫ䖭ѯᷛޚᇍऩϾ乍Ⳃ䛑᳝ᕅડˈᑨᔧ䳔㽕њ㾷ֵᙃˈࡴ⏅ᇍ乍Ⳃ᠔໘ⱘᴖ⦃๗⧚㾷ᯊࡴҹ߽⫼DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᷛޚϡᦤկ↣ϔ⾡乬Ⳃⱘ᠔᳝㒚㡖DŽϡ㛑䅸ЎᴀᣛफЁᦤࠄⱘ乬Ⳃϡ䞡㽕DŽᷛޚЁϡᦤᶤϔ乬Ⳃ᳝Ͼॳ˖䆹乬Ⳃৃ㛑Ꮖܹ߫݊Ҫ᳝݇ⱘᷛޚ˗ৃ㛑ᕜϔ㠀ˈϡᰃ⡍߿⫼Ѣ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ˗㗙ҎӀᇮህ䖭ϔ乬Ⳃপᕫϔ㟈ⳟ⊩DŽপᕫϔ㟈ⳟ⊩ˈᣛ㒘㒛ݙ䚼ህᑨᔧབԩǃԩᯊԩ໘ˈҹঞ⬅ԩҎᅠ៤ԧⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⌏ࡼˈᴀ㘠Ϯݙ䚼᳝⾡ḋⱘⳟ⊩خ⊩DŽ㒘㒛乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᖙ乏Փ⫼ᴀᣛफⱘ乍Ⳃ᠔໘ⱘ⦃๗Ёᚙމϟއᅮབԩ໘⧚䖭ѯ⌏ࡼDŽᴀᣛफⱘᇍ䈵ᴀᣛफЎ᠔᳝ᇍ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖭ϔ㘠Ϯᛳ݈䍷ⱘҎᦤկњϔϾᴀⱘখ㗗᭛ӊDŽ䖭ѯҎӀࣙᣀˈԚϡ䰤Ѣ˖催ሖㅵ⧚Ҏਬ䅵ߦ㒣⧚ঞ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ⱘϞ㑻ㅵ⧚Ҏਬ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ঞ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ⱘ݊Ҫ៤ਬ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸ៤ਬ乍Ⳃᅶ᠋˄ྨᠬҎ˅݊Ҫ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙乍Ⳃಶ䯳⌒ߎ䲛ਬⱘ䚼䮼㒣⧚Ӵᥜ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ҹঞ᳝݇ᄺ⾥ⱘᬭ㚆Ꮉ㗙乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ҹঞ᳝݇乚ඳⱘ䆶Ҏਬ݊ᅗϧϮҎਬВࡲ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䆁䇒ⱘ䆁Ҏਬⷨお乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘⷨおҎਬ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜42004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ҔМᰃ乍Ⳃ˛乍Ⳃⱘ⡍ᕕ乍ⳂᰃЎᦤկᶤ乍⣀⡍ѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰ᠔خⱘЈᯊᗻࡾDŽ.1ЈᯊᗻЈᯊᗻᰃᣛ↣ϔϾ乍Ⳃ䛑᳝⹂ᅮⱘᓔྟ㒧ᴳDŽᔧ乍ⳂⱘⳂⱘᏆ㒣䖒ࠄˈ㗙Ꮖ㒣⏙Ἦഄⳟࠄ䆹ⳂⱘϡӮϡৃ㛑䖒ࠄᯊˈ㗙䆹乍Ⳃⱘᖙ㽕ᗻᏆϡᄬᑊᏆ㒜ℶᯊˈ䆹乍Ⳃे䖒ࠄњᅗⱘ㒜⚍DŽЈᯊᗻϡϔᅮᛣੇⴔᯊ䯈ⷁˈ䆌乍Ⳃ䛑㽕ᓊ㓁དᑈDŽ✊㗠ˈӏԩᚙމϟ乍Ⳃⱘᳳ䰤䛑ᰃ᳝䰤ⱘˈ乍Ⳃϡᰃᣕ㓁ϡᮁⱘࡾDŽℸˈЈᯊᗻϔ㠀ϡ䗖⫼Ѣ乍Ⳃ᠔ѻ⫳ⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰDŽ᭄乍ⳂᰃЎњᕫࠄᣕЙⱘ㒧ᵰDŽ՟བˈ݈ᓎᆊ㑾ᗉᓣᓎㄥ乍ⳂህᰃЎњ㽕䖒ࠄϪҷⳌӴⱘⳂⱘDŽ乍Ⳃ䖬㒣ᐌӮѻ⫳↨乍Ⳃᴀ䑿Й䖰ⱘˈџܜᛇࠄ᳒乘᭭ࠄⱘ⼒Ӯǃ㒣⌢⦃๗ৢᵰDŽ乍ⳂⱘЈᯊᗻ䋼г䗖⫼Ѣࡾⱘ݊ᅗᮍ䴶˖ᴎ䘛㗙Ꮦഎにষᘏᰃⷁ᱖ⱘ—䚼ߚ乍Ⳃ䛑㽕ϔᅮⱘᯊ䰤ݙߎѻકᦤկ᳡ࡵDŽ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ЎϔϾᎹऩԡⱘᄬᯊ䯈ᕜᇥ䍙䖛乍Ⳃᴀ䑿—䚼ߚ乍Ⳃ䛑ᰃ⬅⡍ᛣЎ݊㒘ᓎⱘϧ䮼ಶ䯳䋳䋷ᅲᮑDŽ乍Ⳃᅠ៤ᯊˈ䖭Ͼಶ䯳гህ㾷ᬷˈಶ䯳៤ਬ䞡ᮄᅝᥦDŽ.2⣀⡍ⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰ乍Ⳃ߯䗴⣀⡍ⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰ˖ѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰDŽ乍Ⳃৃҹ߯䗴˖⫳ѻߎᴹৃҹ䞣࣪ⱘѻકࠊકˈ᮶ৃҹᴀ䑿ህᰃ᳔㒜⠽ӊˈгৃҹᰃ݊Ҫ⠽ӊⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽᦤկ᳡ࡵⱘ㛑ˈ՟བ䕙ࡽ⫳ѻ⌕䗮ⱘଚϮ㘠㛑DŽ៤ᵰˈབ㒧ᵰ᭛ӊDŽ՟བˈⷨお乍Ⳃᦤߎৃ⫼ҹ⹂ᅮᰃ৺ߎ⦄њϔ⾡䍟ᶤ䖛ᰃ৺㛑ᚴঞ⼒Ӯⱘⶹ䆚DŽ⣀⡍ᰃ乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰⱘϔ⾡䞡㽕⡍ᕕDŽ՟བˈࡲ݀ὐᏆ㒣ᓎ䗴њ៤गϞϛᑻˈԚ݊Ё↣ϔᑻ䛑ᰃ⣀⡍ⱘ—ϡৠⱘϮЏǃϡৠⱘ䆒䅵ǃϡৠⱘഄ⚍ǃϡৠⱘᡓᓎҎㄝㄝDŽ䞡䚼ӊⱘᄬᑊϡᬍবᭈϾ乍ⳂᎹⱘ⣀⡍ᴀ䋼DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 5
ϔゴ ᓩ䆎.3⏤䖯ᅠ⏤䖯ᅠᰃ乍ⳂԈ䱣Јᯊᗻ⣀⡍ᗻϸϾὖᗉⱘ⡍⚍ПϔDŽ⏤䖯ᅠᛣੇⴔߚℹǃ䖲㓁ⱘ⿃㌃DŽ՟བˈ乍Ⳃⱘᮽᳳ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘ䇈ᯢᰃ㉫⬹ⱘˈ䱣ⴔ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᇍⳂᷛৃѸҬ៤ᵰⱘ⧚㾷ᅠᭈˈ⏅ܹᯊˈ乍Ⳃⱘ㣗ೈгህԧˈ䆺㒚DŽ䇋࣓ᇚ⏤䖯ᅠϢ㣗ೈ┰ব⏋⎚˄㡖˅DŽ乍Ⳃѻકᡔᴃ㽕∖䇈ᯢкⱘ⏤䖯ᅠࡵᖙ㽕Ϣ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘᙄᔧᅮН䇼ᜢഄण䇗䍋ᴹˈ乍Ⳃᰃᣝড়ৠᅲᮑᯊˈᇸ݊ᑨᔧབℸDŽབᵰ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈˈे䳔㽕ᅠ៤ⱘӏࡵˈ㾘ᅮᕫᙄབ݊ߚˈ߭े֓ᰃѻકᡔᴃ㽕∖䇈ᯢкⱘ⏤䖯ᅠ䖛Ёˈ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈҡᑨֱᣕࠊDŽ5ゴⱘᓩ㿔ᇚ䖯ϔℹ䅼䆎ѻક㣗ೈϢ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈП䯈ⱘ݇㋏DŽϟ䴶ВϸϾϡৠᑨ⫼乚ඳЁⱘ՟ᄤˈ䇈ᯢ⏤䖯ᅠⱘНDŽ࣪Ꮉॖⱘᓎ䆒ᓔྟᯊ㽕䖯㸠⌕䆒䅵ˈ⹂ᅮ䆹⌕ⱘᎹ㡎⡍⚍DŽЏ㽕ⱘࡴᎹ䆒ህ㽕ḍ䖭ѯᎹ㡎⡍⚍ᴹ䆒䅵DŽ䖭ѯ䌘᭭ህᰃᎹ䆒䅵ⱘ⸔DŽ䆒䅵䖛᮶㾘ᅮњࡴᎹ䆒ᮑⱘ䆺㒚Ꮧሔˈজ㾘ᅮњࡴᎹ䆒䕙ࡽ䆒ᮑⱘᄺ⡍ᕕDŽ᠔᳝䖭ѯ᳔ৢ䛑㽕⫼䆒䅵㒌㸼⦄ߎᴹˈ䖭ѯ㒌㽕ϔℹϔℹഄԧ࣪ˈব៤ᓎㄥᮑᎹDŽᮑᎹ䖛Ёˈᖙ㽕ᯊ䖬㽕ᇍᮑᎹ䖯㸠㾷䞞Ϣׂᬍˈᑊপᕫ᳝݇ᮍ䴶ⱘᡍޚDŽ䖭ѯ⡍ᕕⱘ⏤䖯ᅠ᳔㒜䛑ডシᎹЁDŽẔ⌟⿏Ѹ䰊↉ˈ䗮ᐌ䖬ҹ᳔㒜䖤㸠䇗ᭈⱘᔶᓣ䖯ϔℹᅠ䖭ѯ⡍ᕕDŽ㒣⌢ᓔথ乍Ⳃⱘѻકᓔྟᯊᕜৃ㛑ᅮНЎĀᬍXഄऎ᳔Ԣᬊܹሙ⇥ⱘ⫳⌏䋼䞣āDŽ䱣ⴔ乍Ⳃⱘ䖯ሩˈ乍Ⳃⱘѻકৃ㛑ህবᕫЎԧˈ՟བব៤ĀЎXഄऎ500ৡ᳔Ԣᬊܹሙ⇥ᦤկ亳ક∈āDŽϟϔ䕂⏤䖯ᅠⱘ䞡⚍г䆌ህᅠܼᬒࠄњᦤ催ݰѻકѻ䞣䫔ଂ䞣ˈᡞկ∈䚼ߚⱘ䞡㽕ᗻ䰡ࠄѠԡˈ⬭ᕙݰϮ䚼ӑপᕫⳌᔧ䖯ሩৢˈݡᓔྟҬ䇌ᅲᮑDŽ乍ⳂϢ᮹ᐌϮࡵⱘ݇㋏↣Ͼ㒘㒛䛑ҢџᎹˈᅲ⦄ᶤѯⳂᷛDŽϔ㠀䇈ᴹˈᎹᣛ᮹ᐌ䖤ˈ㗙乍ⳂDŽሑㅵϸ㗙᳝䞡ˈԚᰃ᮹ᐌ䖤乍Ⳃг᳝䆌݅ৠП໘DŽ՟བˈᅗӀ䛑ᰃ˖⬅ҎᴹخফࠊѢ᳝䰤ⱘ䌘⑤䳔㽕㾘ߦǃᠻ㸠ࠊ᮹ᐌ䖤乍Ⳃϸ㗙П䯈ⱘऎߚЏ㽕Ѣ˖᮹ᐌ䖤ᰃᣕ㓁ϡᮁ䞡䖯㸠ⱘˈ㗠乍ⳂᰃЈᯊᗻⱘˈ⣀⡍ⱘDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜62004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
乍Ⳃ᮹ᐌ䖤ⱘⳂ᳝ᷛᴀ䋼ⱘϡৠDŽ乍ⳂⱘⳂᷛᰃᅲ⦄݊Ⳃᷛˈ✊ৢ㒧ᴳ乍ⳂDŽ㗠ᣕ㓁䖯㸠ⱘ᮹ᐌ䖤ⱘⳂᷛϔ㠀ᰃЎњ㓈ᣕ㒣㧹DŽ乍ⳂैϢℸⳌ1ᕘᒁˈЎᔧᅷᏗⱘⳂᷛᅲ⦄ᯊˈ乍Ⳃህ㒧ᴳњDŽⳌ↨Пϟˈ䴲乍Ⳃᗻ䖤ᘏᰃ⹂ᅮϔ㒘ᮄⳂᷛˈ✊ৢ㒻㓁䖯㸠DŽ乍Ⳃᰃ㒘㒛Ёⱘ᠔᳝ሖϞ䖯㸠ⱘDŽ乍Ⳃৃ㛑ҙ䳔ϔҎˈгৃ㛑䳔㽕៤गϞϛҎⱘখϢDŽᅠ៤乍Ⳃৃ㛑䳔㽕Ͼ᯳ᳳˈгৃ㛑䳔㽕ᑈDŽ乍Ⳃৃ㛑া⍝ঞ㒘㒛ЁⱘϔϾऩԡˈгৃ㛑㽕䎼䍞㢹ᑆϾऩԡˈ՟བ㒘៤㘨ড়ԧӭԈ݇㋏DŽབϟᰃ乍Ⳃⱘϔѯ՟ᄤ˖ᓔথϔ乍ᮄѻક㗙ᮄ᳡ࡵᅲ⦄㒘㒛ᴎᵘǃҎਬ䜡Ꮉ亢ⱘব䴽䆒䅵ϔ⾡ᮄⱘ䖤䕧䔺䕚ᓔথ䌁фϔ༫ᮄⱘᬍ䖯ⱘֵᙃ㋏㒳ᓎ䗴ϔᑻ᠓ሟ䆒ᮑЎᶤϾ⼒ऎᓎ䗴կ∈㋏㒳䇟পᬓ⊏㘠ԡⱘゲ䗝䖤ࡼᅲᮑϔ⾡ܼᮄⱘ㒣㧹ᑣ⌕ડᑨᶤড়ৠⱘᷛ乍Ⳃ⬹㾘ߦ乍Ⳃᰃ㒘㒛㒘㒛ⱘ᮹ᐌ䖤㣗ೈݙ᮴⊩໘⧚ⱘ⌏ࡼⱘϔ⾡↉DŽℸˈ乍Ⳃ㒣ᐌᔧᅲ⦄㒘㒛⬹䅵ߦⱘϔ⾡↉Փ⫼ˈϡㅵ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᰃ䆹㒘㒛ⱘਬᎹˈ䖬ᰃ᳡ࡵড়ৠⱘᡓࣙ㗙DŽҹϟⱘϔ乍乍⬹㗗䞣ˈᰃ乍Ⳃᡍޚⱘൟձ˖Ꮦഎ䳔∖˄՟བˈ⬅Ѣ≑⊍ⷁ㔎ˈᶤ≑䔺݀ৌᡍޚࠊ䗴Ԣ⊍㗫≑䔺乍Ⳃ˅DŽ㧹䖤䳔㽕˄՟བˈᶤ䆁݀ৌᡍޚᮄ䆒䇒乍Ⳃˈҹࡴᬊܹ˅DŽᅶ᠋㽕∖˄՟བˈ⬉Ϯሔᡍޚᮄᓎব⬉キ乍ⳂˈЎᮄᎹϮುऎկ⬉˅DŽᡔᴃ䖯ℹ˄՟བˈ⬉ᄤ݀ৌ⬉㛥ݙᄬᬍ䖯ৢᡍޚⷨࠊᮄ㾚乥␌៣ᴎ乍Ⳃ˅DŽ⊩ᕟ㽕∖˄՟བˈ⊍ⓚॖᡍޚࠊ䅶᳝↦ᴤ᭭Փ⫼乏ⶹ乍Ⳃ˅DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 7
ϔゴ ᓩ䆎ҔМᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚˛乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ህᰃᡞ⾡ⶹ䆚ǃᡔ㛑ǃ↉ᡔᴃᑨ⫼Ѣ乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼПЁˈҹ䖒ࠄ乍Ⳃⱘ㽕∖DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᰃ䗮䖛ᑨ⫼㓐ড়䇌བਃࡼǃ㾘ߦǃᅲᮑǃⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ㒧ሒㄝ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛䖯㸠ⱘDŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ᰃ䋳䋷ᅲ⦄乍ⳂⳂᷛⱘϾҎDŽㅵ⧚ϔϾ乍Ⳃࣙᣀ˖䆚߿㽕∖⹂ᅮ⏙Ἦ㗠জ㛑ᅲ⦄ⱘⳂᷛᴗ㸵䋼䞣ǃ㣗ೈǃᯊ䯈៤ᴀᮍ䴶ѦϡⳌ䅽ⱘ㽕∖Փᡔᴃ㾘ᅮ䇈ᯢкǃ䅵ߦᮍ⊩䗖ড়Ѣ⾡ḋ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘϡৠ䳔∖ϢᳳᳯDŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚㒣ᐌᦤࠄㅵ⧚ѦϡⳌ䅽ⱘ㽕∖ᯊ䘛ࠄⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈǃᯊ䯈៤ᴀⱘĀϝ䞡ࠊ㑺āDŽ乍Ⳃⱘ䋼䞣ফ䖭ϝϾ㋴ᴗ㸵ⱘᕅડ˄5ゴࠄ ゴ˅DŽ催䋼䞣ⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ乘ㅫݙᣝᯊᦤѸ⒵䎇㽕∖ⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰDŽϞ䗄㋴П䯈ⱘ݇㋏ᰃˈབᵰϝϾ㋴Пϔথ⫳њব࣪ˈ݊Ҫ㋴Ё㟇ᇥ᳝ϔϾӮফࠄᕅડDŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚䖬ḍϡ⹂ᅮᗻㅵ⧚乍ⳂDŽ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ᰃϔᮺথ⫳㟇ᇥӮ⿃ᵕ⍜ᵕᕅડϔϾ乍ⳂⳂᷛⱘϡ⹂ᅮџӊᴵӊDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᇍࣙᣀ乒ᅶǃᅲᮑ㒘㒛݀ӫݙⱘ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙䋳᳝㘠Ϯ䋷ӏDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ˄PMI˅Ӯਬ䙉ᅜĀ䘧ᖋ㾘㣗āˈপᕫ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ϧϮҎਬ®˄PMP˅䌘ḐⱘҎ䙉ᅜĀ㘠Ϯ㸠Ў㾘㣗āDŽ䑿Ў乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ˄PMI˅Ӯਬ®乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ϧϮҎਬ˄PMP˅ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳៤ਬⱘ㸠Ўᖙ乏ヺড়Ϟ䗄㾘㣗᳔ᮄ⠜ᴀⱘ㽕∖DŽؐᕫ⊼ᛣⱘᰃˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䆌䖛䛑᳝ϔݡ䞡ⱘᗻ䋼DŽ݊䚼ߚॳᰃ⬅Ѣ乍Ⳃ݊ᭈϾ⫳ੑᳳЁᄬᑊ䳔㽕䗤ℹᅠˈे乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᇍ乍Ⳃњ㾷ᕫ䍞ˈ䍞䗣ᕏˈ䖭Ͼಶ䯳ህ㛑ԧདഄ䖯㸠ㅵ⧚DŽĀ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ā䖭Ͼᴃ䇁᳝ᯊ⫼ᴹ䇈ᯢ⫼ᴹㅵ⧚᮹ᐌ䖤ⱘϔ⾡㒘㒛↉DŽ䖭⾡↉䇈ᕫޚ⹂⚍ˈᑨ⿄Ўҹ乍ⳂЎ↉䖯㸠ㅵ⧚˄Management by projects˅ˈᅗᡞ᮹ᐌ䖤ⱘ䆌ᮍ䴶Ў乍Ⳃᇍᕙˈᑊ⹂ֱᑨ⫼ⱘᰃ㒣䖛ᅲ䏉䆕ᯢ䖛ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᡔᴃDŽሑㅵᇍѢ䞛⫼ҹ乍ⳂЎ↉䖯㸠ㅵ⧚ⱘ㒘㒛ᴎᵘ㗠㿔ˈ䗮ᰧ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᰃ៤䋹ⱘ݇䬂ˈԚᰃᇍ䖭⾡↉ᴀ䑿ⱘ䆺㒚䅼䆎߭ᑊϡᴀᣛफ䅼䆎ⱘ㣗ೈПݙDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜82004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ᴀᣛफⱘ㒧ᵘ1ᴀᣛफЎϝ䚼ߚ㓪ᥦDŽϔ䚼ߚ˖乍Ⳃㅵ⧚Ḛᶊϔ䚼ߚˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚Ḛᶊˈᰃ⧚㾷乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘᴀ㒧ᵘDŽ1ゴˈᓩ䆎ˈᅮНњ݇䬂ⱘᴃ䇁ˈᑊᇍᴀᣛफⱘ݊ԭ䚼ߚὖ䗄ҟ㒡DŽ2ゴˈ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳϢ㒘㒛ˈ䇈ᯢњ乍Ⳃ᠔໘ⱘ⦃๗DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᖙ乏⧚㾷䖭Ͼ⍝ঞ䴶ᵕᑓⱘ乍Ⳃ䖤⦃๗DŽ乍Ⳃ㽕ᛇ㦋ᕫ៤ࡳˈ݊᮹ᐌㅵ⧚ሑㅵᰃᖙ㽕ⱘˈԚ䖬䖰ϡDŽѠ䚼ߚ˖乍Ⳃⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᷛޚѠ䚼ߚˈ乍Ⳃⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᷛޚ㾘ᅮњ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ᠔Փ⫼ⱘ᠔᳝乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛DŽ3ゴˈ乍Ⳃⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛ˈ䇈ᯢњӏԩϔϾ乍Ⳃ䛑ᖙ䳔ⱘ5Ͼ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘ˈҹঞᅗӀⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᄤ䖛DŽ䖭ϔゴҟ㒡њ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ㓈ᗻ䋼DŽϝ䚼ߚ˖乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘⶹ䆚乚ඳϝ䚼ߚˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚乚ඳˈᇚϝゴҟ㒡ⱘ44Ͼ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛ᔦ㒇Ўϟ䴶ेᇚ䇈ᯢⱘ9Ͼⶹ䆚乚ඳDŽϝ䚼ߚ᳝ϔ↉ᓩ㿔ˈ䇈ᯢњߚ߿ҟ㒡ⶹ䆚乚ඳⱘゴ᠔Փ⫼ⱘ䖛⌕ⱘ՟ˈҹঞ䗖ড়Ѣ᠔᳝ⶹ䆚乚ඳⱘܹ䮼ᗻᴤ᭭DŽ4ゴˈ乍Ⳃ㓐ড়ㅵ⧚ˈҟ㒡њᇚ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⾡ϡৠ㽕㋴㓐ড়Ўᭈԧⱘ䖛⌏ࡼˈ䖭ѯ䖛⌏ࡼ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘ⱘ㣗ೈݙ䆚߿ǃᅮНǃ㒘ড়ǃ㒳ϔᑊण䇗DŽ乍Ⳃ㓐ড়ㅵ⧚⬅ϟ߫乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘៤˖ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴǃࠊᅮ߱ℹ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкǃࠊᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦǃᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᠻ㸠ǃⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ乍ⳂᎹǃᭈԧবࠊ乍Ⳃ㒧ሒDŽ5ゴˈ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚ˈ乍Ⳃᑨ䆹ࣙᣀ៤ࡳഄᅠ៤乍Ⳃ᠔乏ⱘܼ䚼ᎹˈԚজাࣙᣀᅠ៤乍Ⳃ᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘᎹˈᴀゴҟ㒡њ⹂ֱ䖒ࠄϞ䗄㽕∖᠔䖯㸠ⱘ䇌䖛DŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚⬅བϟ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘៤˖㣗ೈ㾘ߦǃ㣗ೈᅮНǃᓎゟᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘǃ㣗ೈḌᅲ㣗ೈࠊDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 9
ϔゴ ᓩ䆎6ゴˈ乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚ˈҟ㒡њ⹂ֱ乍Ⳃᣝᯊᅠ៤᠔䳔ⱘ乍䖛ˈࣙᣀ⌏ࡼᅮНǃ⌏ࡼᥦᑣǃ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫǃ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫǃ䖯ᑺࠊ䅶ҹঞ䖯ᑺࠊDŽ7ゴˈ乍Ⳃ៤ᴀㅵ⧚ˈҟ㒡њ⹂ֱ乍Ⳃᣝ✻㾘ᅮ乘ㅫᅠ៤䳔䖯㸠ⱘ៤ᴀ㾘ߦǃԄㅫǃ乘ㅫⱘ乍䖛ˈ乍Ⳃ៤ᴀㅵ⧚⬅བϟ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘៤˖៤ᴀԄㅫǃ៤ᴀ乘ㅫ៤ᴀࠊDŽ8ゴˈ乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚ˈҟ㒡њ⹂ֱ乍Ⳃ䖒ࠄ݊᮶ᅮ䋼䞣㽕∖᠔䳔ᅲᮑⱘ乍䖛DŽ乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚⬅བϟ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘៤˖䋼䞣㾘ߦǃᅲᮑ䋼䞣ֱ䆕ᅲᮑ䋼䞣ࠊDŽ9ゴˈ乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚ˈҟ㒡њ㒘㒛ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃಶ䯳ⱘϾ䖛DŽ乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚⬅བϟ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘៤˖Ҏ䌘⑤㾘ߦǃࢳಶ䯳ᓎ䆒ǃ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᓎ䆒ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃಶ䯳DŽ10ゴˈ乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚ˈҟ㒡њЎ⹂ֱ乍Ⳃֵᙃঞᯊ㗠ᙄᔧഄᦤপǃᬊ䲚ǃӴ䕧ǃᄬټ᳔㒜໘㕂㗠䳔㽕ᅲᮑⱘϔ㋏߫䖛ˈ乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚⬅བϟ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘៤˖≳䗮㾘ߦǃֵᙃߚথǃ䖯ሩਞㅵ⧚߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙DŽ11ゴˈ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ˈҟ㒡њϢ䖯㸠乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚᳝݇ⱘ䖛DŽ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚⬅བϟ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘៤˖亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦǃ亢䰽䆚߿ǃᅮᗻ亢䰽ߚᵤǃᅮ䞣亢䰽ߚᵤǃ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦˈҹঞ亢䰽ⲥ㾚ϢࠊDŽ12ゴˈ乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚ˈҟ㒡њ䞛ࡲপᕫѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰˈҹঞড়ৠㅵ⧚᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛DŽ乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚⬅བϟ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘៤˖䞛䌁㦋প㾘ߦǃথࣙ㾘ߦǃ䇋∖पᮍಲᑨǃपᮍ䗝ᢽǃড়ৠㅵ⧚ҹঞড়ৠᬊሒDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜102004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
乍Ⳃㅵ⧚15.乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚4.乍Ⳃ㓐ড়ㅵ⧚6.乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚ ࠊ䅶乍Ⳃゴ㣗ೈ㾘ߦ ⌏ࡼᅮН ᠻ㸠乍Ⳃ˄߱ℹ˅㣗ೈᅮН ⌏ࡼᥦᑣ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк ᓎゟᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ 㣗ೈḌᅲ ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅ䅵ᣛᇐㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᠻ㸠㣗ೈࠊ ࠊ䅶䖯ᑺ㸼ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ乍ⳂᎹ 䖯ᑺࠊᭈԧবࠊ乍Ⳃ㒧ሒ7.乍Ⳃ䌍⫼៤ᴀㅵ⧚9.乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚8.乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䌍⫼Ԅㅫ 䋼䞣㾘ߦ Ҏ䌘⑤㾘ߦ䌍⫼乘ㅫ ᅲᮑ䋼䞣ֱ䆕 㘬乍Ⳃಶ䯳䌍⫼ࠊ ᅲᮑ䋼䞣ࠊ 乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᓎ䆒 ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃಶ䯳11.乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚12.乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚10.乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚ 䞛䌁Ϣ㦋প㾘ߦ 亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ ≳䗮㾘ߦ থࣙ㾘ߦ 亢䰽䆚߿ ֵᙃߚথ 䇋∖पᮍಲᑨ ᅮᗻ亢䰽ߚᵤ 䖯ሩਞ पᮍ䗝ᢽ ᅮ䞣亢䰽ߚᵤ ㅵ⧚߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙 ড়ৠㅵ⧚ 亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ ড়ৠᬊሒ 亢䰽ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ1-1˖乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚乚ඳ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛ὖ䉠®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 11
ϔゴ ᓩ䆎ϧϮⶹ䆚乚ඳㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ᠔䳔ⱘ䆌ⶹ䆚䆌Ꮉᡔᴃ䛑ᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⣀᳝ⱘˈ՟བᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘǃ݇䬂䏃ᕘߚᵤᅲ⦄Ӌؐㅵ⧚DŽ✊㗠ˈऩऩ⧚㾷ᑨ⫼Ϟ䗄ⶹ䆚ǃᡔ㛑ᡔᴃ䖬ϡ䎇ҹ᳝ᬜഄㅵ⧚乍ⳂDŽ᳝ᬜⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㽕∖乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳⧚㾷߽⫼㟇ᇥ5ϾϧϮⶹ䆚乚ඳⱘⶹ䆚Ϣᡔ㛑˖乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏˄PMBOK˅ᑨ⫼乚ඳⱘⶹ䆚ǃᷛޚ⊩㾘⧚㾷乍Ⳃ⦃๗䗮⫼ㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚Ϣᡔ㛑໘⧚Ҏ䰙݇㋏ⱘᡔ㛑DŽ1-2㸼⼎њϞ䗄5ϾϧϮ乚ඳП䯈ⱘ݇㋏DŽᅗӀ㱑✊㸼䴶Ϟ㞾៤ϔԧˈԚᰃϔ㠀᳝䞡П໘ˈӏԩϔᮍ䛑ϡ㛑⣀ゟDŽ᳝ᬜⱘ乍Ⳃಶ䯳乍Ⳃⱘ᠔᳝ᮍ䴶㓐ড়䖤⫼ПDŽ≵᳝ᖙ㽕乍Ⳃಶ䯳↣ϔϾ៤ਬ䛑៤Ў᠔᳝䖭5Ͼ乚ඳⱘϧᆊDŽӏԩϔϾҎ䛑乍Ⳃ᠔䳔㽕ⱘ᠔᳝ⶹ䆚ᡔ㛑џᅲϞгᰃϡৃ㛑ⱘDŽ✊㗠ˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᴀᣛफⱘܼ䚼ⶹ䆚ˈ❳ᙝ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏Ϣ݊Ҫ4Ͼㅵ⧚乚ඳⱘⶹ䆚ᇍѢ᳝ᬜഄㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᰃकߚ䞡㽕ⱘDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏䇈ᯢњ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚乚ඳ⣀⡍ԚϢ݊Ҫㅵ⧚ᄺ⾥䞡ⱘⶹ䆚DŽ1-2㸼⼎ⱘᰃ乍Ⳃಶ䯳䳔㽕ⱘ݅ৠϧϮⶹ䆚乚ඳDŽℸˈᴀᣛफᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽᴀᣛफЁҟ㒡ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚⬅བϟ䚼ߚ㒘៤˖乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳⱘᅮН˄2ゴ˅5Ͼ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘˄3ゴ˅9Ͼⶹ䆚乚ඳ˄4-12ゴ˅DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜122004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफᑨ⫼乚ඳⶹ䆚ǃ˄໘⧚˅Ҏ䰙݇㋏ᷛޚϢ㾘ゴࠊᑺᡔ㛑ˈѸ䰙㛑䗮⫼ㅵ⧚⧚㾷ⶹ䆚Ϣᡔ㛑乍Ⳃ⦃๗1-2˖乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳䳔㽕ⱘϧϮⶹ䆚乚ඳᑨ⫼乚ඳⶹ䆚ǃᷛޚϢ㾘ゴࠊᑺᑨ⫼乚ඳᰃᴀ㉏乍Ⳃ᳝ᯢᰒⱘ˄Ԛᑊ䴲᠔᳝乍Ⳃ᠔᠔ᖙ乏ⱘ˅݅ৠ㋴ⱘ乍Ⳃ㉏ൟDŽᑨ⫼乚ඳϔ㠀ᣝҹϟᮍᓣᅮН˖㘠㛑䚼䮼䕙ࡽᄺ⾥ˈ՟བ⊩ᕟǃ⫳ѻᑧᄬㅵ⧚ǃ㧹䫔ǃ⠽⌕Ҏџㅵ⧚DŽᡔᴃ㋴ˈ՟བ䕃ӊᓔথᎹˈ᳝ѯᯊᰃϔ⾡ԧⱘᎹˈ՟བ㒭∈ᥦ∈ᎹೳᓎᎹDŽㅵ⧚ϧ䮼࣪ˈ՟བᬓᑰড়ৠǃ⼒ऎᓔথᮄѻકᓔথDŽᎹϮ䲚ಶˈ՟བ≑䔺ǃ࣪ᎹǃݰϮǃ䞥㵡᳡ࡵDŽ↣ϔϾᑨ⫼乚ඳϔ㠀䛑᳝ϔ༫݀䅸ˈ㒣ᐌҹ㾘ゴࠊᑺᔶᓣ乕Ꮧⱘᷛޚ⊩DŽ䰙ᷛޚ࣪㒘㒛˄ISO˅ᡞᷛޚ㾘ゴࠊᑺخњབϟऎߚ˄ISO/IEC Guide 2: 1996˅˖®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 13
ϔゴ ᓩ䆎ᷛޚᰃϔϾĀ㒣ᐌডⱘՓ⫼Ёᵘ៤њ⌏ࡼ݊㒧ᵰⱘ㾘߭ǃॳ߭⡍ᕕᑊ⬅݅䆚⹂ゟ㗙݀䅸ᴎᵘᡍޚⱘ᭛ӊˈ݊Ⳃⱘᰃ᮶ᅮⱘ⦃๗Ёᅲ⦄᳔Շᑺⱘ⾽ᑣDŽāᷛޚⱘϔѯ՟ᄤ᳝⬉㛥⺕Ⲭⱘሎᇌ⎆य़⌕ԧⱘ⛁〇ᅮᗻDŽ㾘ゴࠊᑺᰃϔϾĀᬓᑰᴎᵘᮑࡴⱘ㽕∖DŽ䖭ѯ㽕∖ৃ㛑Ӯއᅮѻકǃ䖛᳡ࡵ䙉ᅜᬓᑰᔎࠊ㽕∖ⱘ⡍ᕕˈࣙᣀ䗖⫼ⱘ㸠ᬓㅵ⧚ᴵ᭛DŽāᓎㄥ⊩㾘ህᰃ㾘ゴࠊᑺⱘϔϾ՟ᄤDŽᷛޚ㾘ゴࠊᑺ䖭ϸϾὖᗉ᳝ᓩ䍋⏋хⱘ䞡П໘DŽ՟བ˖ᷛޚᐌᐌҹᦣ䗄ϔ乍Ў᭄Ҏ䗝⫼ⱘ᳔ՇᮍḜⱘޚ߭ᔶᓣᓔྟˈ✊ৢˈ䱣ⴔ݊ᕫࠄᑓ⊯䞛⫼ˈᕫࠄњ᱂䘡݀䅸ˈህӓԯ㾘ゴࠊᑺϔḋDŽϡৠⱘ㒘㒛ሖৃ㛑㽕∖ᔎࠊ䙉ᅜˈ՟བˈᔧᬓᑰᴎᵘˈᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘㅵ⧚ሖˈ㗙乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳⹂ゟњԧⱘᮍ䩜ᑣᯊDŽ䰘ᔩDᇚᇍ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘᑨ⫼乚ඳ䆺㒚ⱘ䅼䆎DŽ⧚㾷乍Ⳃ⦃๗Т᠔᳝ⱘ乍Ⳃ䛑ᰃᶤ⾡⼒Ӯǃ㒣⌢⦃๗ⱘᴵӊϟ䖯㸠㾘ߦϢҬ䇌ᅲᮑⱘˈℸ䛑Ӯѻ⫳ᛣ᭭ПЁⱘ᳒ᛣ᭭ⱘ⿃ᵕ⍜ᵕᕅડDŽ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᑨᔧᇚ乍Ⳃ㕂Ѣ݊᠔໘ⱘ᭛࣪ǃ⼒Ӯǃ䰙ǃᬓ⊏㞾✊ⱘ⦃๗ঞ݊ৠ䖭ѯ⦃๗П䯈ⱘ݇㋏Ёࡴҹ㗗㰥DŽ᭛࣪Ϣ⼒Ӯ⦃๗DŽ乍Ⳃಶ䯳䳔㽕⧚㾷乍ⳂϢҎӀᕐℸП䯈བԩѦⳌᕅડDŽ㽕خࠄ䖭ϔ⚍ˈг䆌㽕∖⧚㾷乍Ⳃᕅડᇍ᳝߽݊ᆇ݇㋏ⱘҎ㕸ⱘ㒣⌢ǃҎষǃᬭ㚆ǃ䘧ᖋǃ⾡ᮣǃᅫᬭˈҹঞ݊Ҫ⡍ᕕDŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚䖬ᑨᔧⷨお㒘㒛᭛࣪ᑊ⹂ᅮ㒘㒛ᰃ৺Ꮖ㒣ᡓ䅸ㅵ⧚䆹乍Ⳃᰃ᳝ℷᔧ㓁ˈৃҹᮍ䴶䇈ᯢᚙމᑊ㦋ᕫњㅵ⧚ᴗ䰤ⱘ㾦㡆DŽ䰙Ϣᬓ⊏⦃๗DŽᶤѯಶ䯳៤ਬ䳔㽕❳ᙝⳌᑨⱘ䰙ǃᆊǃഄऎᔧഄⱘ⊩ᕟдᛃˈҹঞৃ㛑ᕅડᴀ乍Ⳃⱘᬓ⊏⇨DŽ䳔㽕㗗㰥ⱘ݊Ҫ䰙㋴ᰃВ㸠䴶ᇍ䴶Ӯ䆂ᯊⱘᯊऎᏂ߿ǃᆊϢഄऎ㡖؛᮹ǃᮙ㸠ߎᏂ㽕∖Ϣ⬉䆱Ӯ䆂ⱘৢࢸֱ䆕䯂乬DŽ㞾✊⦃๗DŽབᵰ乍Ⳃᕅડࠄ㞾✊⦃๗ˈᶤѯಶ䯳៤ਬᑨᔧ᳝݇㛑ᕅડᴀ乍Ⳃফᴀ乍Ⳃᕅડⱘᔧഄ⫳ᗕ㋏㒳Ϣഄ⧚ⱘⶹ䆚DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜142004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
䗮⫼ㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚Ϣᡔ㛑1䗮⫼ㅵ⧚ࣙᣀᇍ㒣㧹ЁⱘӕϮⱘ᮹ᐌ䖤䖯㸠㾘ߦǃ㒘㒛ǃ䜡ҎਬǃᅲᮑϢࠊDŽ䗮⫼ㅵ⧚䖬⍝ঞϔѯ䕙ࡽᄺ⾥ˈ՟བ˖䋶ࡵㅵ⧚ϢӮ䅵䞛䌁Ϣ䞛ࡲ䫔ଂϢᏖഎ㧹䫔ড়ৠϢଚϮ⊩ࠊ䗴Ϣᡍথ⠽⌕Ϣկᑨ䫒⬹㾘ߦǃᴃ㾘ߦϢᅲᮑ㾘ߦ㒘㒛㒧ᵘǃ㒘㒛㸠ЎǃҎџㅵ⧚ǃ㸹ٓǃ⽣߽Ϣ៤䭓䖛عᒋϢᅝܼ⊩ֵᙃᡔᴃDŽ䗮⫼ㅵ⧚ᰃᥠᦵ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᡔ㛑ⱘ⸔ˈℸᇍѢ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚㗠㿔㒣ᐌᰃकߚ䞡㽕ⱘDŽӏԩԧⱘ乍ⳂϞˈৃ㛑㽕∖Փ⫼䆌䗮⫼乍Ⳃㅵ⧚乚ඳⱘᡔ㛑DŽ䗮⫼ㅵ⧚᭛⤂ҟ㒡䖭ѯᡔ㛑ˈᅗӀ乍ⳂϞⱘᑨ⫼ᴀⳌৠDŽ໘⧚Ҏ䰙݇㋏ᡔ㛑ㅵ⧚Ҏ䰙݇㋏ࣙᣀ˖᳝ᬜⱘ≳䗮DŽѸ⌕ֵᙃᇍ㒘㒛ᮑࡴᕅડDŽĀᡞџᚙࡲ៤āⱘ㛑乚ᇐDŽᵘ㾕䖰᱃⬹ˈᑊ▔ࢅҎӀᅲ⦄П▔ࢅDŽ䅽ҎӀܙ⒵⌏এপᕫ催∈ᑇⱘϮ㒽ᑊܟ᳡ব䴽ⱘ䱰䇜߸Ϣކさㅵ⧚DŽϢҪҎଚ䅼ˈϢ݊পᕫϔ㟈䖒៤ण䆂㾷އ䯂乬DŽᇚᯢ⹂䯂乬ǃ䆚߿㾷އࡲ⊩Ϣߚᵤߎއᅮ㒧ড়䍋ᴹDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 15
ϔゴ ᓩ䆎乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ⦃๗乍Ⳃㅵ⧚໘Ѣᑓ⊯ⱘ⦃๗ПЁˈࣙᣀ䅵ߦㅵ⧚ǃ㓐ড়㸠ࡼ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸDŽ⬹䅵ߦǃ㓐ড়㸠ࡼǃ䅵ߦǃ乍ⳂϢᄤ乍Ⳃ㒣ᐌ㒘៤Ўሖⱘ㋏㒳ˈ݊Ё⬅㢹ᑆ乍Ⳃ㘨㋏ⱘ乍Ⳃ㒘៤ⱘ䅵ߦ᳝ࡽѢ⬹䅵ߦⱘᅲ⦄DŽ䅵ߦϢ䅵ߦㅵ⧚䅵ߦᰃ㒣䖛ण䇗㒳ϔㅵ⧚ҹ֓㦋পऩ⣀ㅵ⧚ᯊ᮴⊩পᕫⱘᬜⲞࠊⱘϔ㒘ѦⳌ㘨㋏ⱘ乍ⳂDŽ䆌䅵ߦ䖬ࣙᣀ໘Ѣ䅵ߦЁऩϾ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈПⱘ᳝݇Ꮉⱘ㋴DŽ՟བ˖ᶤᮄൟো≑䔺䅵ߦৃߚ㾷ЎϾЏ㽕䚼ӊ˄՟བӴࡼǃথࡼᴎǃ䔺ㆅݙ䚼䚼˅䆒䅵ᮄⱘ㢹ᑆ乍Ⳃˈϡᠧᮁ㺙䜡㒓Ϟⱘࠊ䗴䖛DŽ䆌⬉ᄤ఼ӊ݀ৌ䛑᳝Ā䅵ߦ㒣⧚āˈҪӀ᮶䋳䋷ऩ乍ѻકⱘߎ˄乍Ⳃ˅ˈг䋳䋷䭓ᳳण䇗乍ѻકⱘߎ˄ᣕ㓁䖤˅DŽ䅵ߦ䖬ৃ㛑⍝ঞϔ㋏߫䞡ⱘᕾ⦃䖯㸠ⱘӏࡵDŽ՟བ˖݀⫼џϮ䚼䮼ᐌ䇈ĀᑈᑺᮑᎹ䅵ߦāˈᰃ䴴ҹࠡⱘࡾᓎ៤ⱘϔ㋏߫乍ⳂDŽ䆌䴲䌶߽ⱘ㒘㒛䛑᳝Ā䌘䞥ㅍ䲚䅵ߦāˈ䖭ᰃЎ㦋প䌘ࡽⱘϔ㋏߫䳔㽕ऩϾ䖯㸠ⱘ乍Ⳃˈ䇌བӮਬᕕ䲚⌏ࡼᢡप⌏ࡼDŽߞᴖᖫⱘߎ⠜Ꮉгᰃ䅵ߦˈ↣ϔᳳ䛑ᣝ乍Ⳃ䖯㸠ㅵ⧚DŽᴀ䑿ᰃϔ乍ᣕ㓁ⱘϮࡵˈԚᰃ↣ᳳᳳߞ߭ᰃ݊ЁⱘϔϾ乍ⳂDŽߞᴖᖫⱘߎ⠜ᰃϔ㠀䖲㓁ϮࡵĀᣝ✻乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ā˄㡖˅ⱘϔϾ՟ᄤDŽৠ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚Ⳍ↨ˈ䅵ߦㅵ⧚ᰃЎњᅲ⦄䅵ߦⱘ⬹ⳂᷛϢ߽Ⲟ㗠ᇍϔ㒘乍Ⳃ䖯㸠ⱘ㒳ϔण䇗ㅵ⧚DŽ㓐ড়㸠ࡼϢ㓐ড়㸠ࡼㅵ⧚㓐ড়㸠ࡼᰃЎњ֓Ѣ᳝ᬜഄㅵ⧚Ꮉҹᅲ⦄⬹㒣㧹Ⳃᷛ㗠ᇚ乍Ⳃ䅵ߦϢ݊ҪᎹ㒘ড়ৢᔶ៤ⱘDŽ㓐ড়㸠ࡼЁⱘ乍Ⳃ䅵ߦϡϔᅮѦⳌձ䌪᳝Ⳉ݇㋏DŽৃҹḍ亢䰽ད໘ⱘ㉏ൟǃԧⱘ㒣㧹ક⾡ϔ㠀㉏ൟⱘ乍Ⳃߚ䜡䌘䞥ৢࢸֱ䆕DŽ՟བˈ⸔䆒ᮑϢݙ䚼⌕ᬍ䖯DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜162004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
㒘㒛ḍԧⱘⳂⱘㅵ⧚㓐ড়㸠ࡼDŽ㓐ড়㸠ࡼㅵ⧚ⱘⳂⱘПϔᰃ䗮䖛ᜢ䞡䗝ᢽ乍Ⳃ䅵ߦᑊঞᯊࠨ䰸ϡ⒵䎇㓐ড়㸠ࡼ⬹Ⳃᷛⱘ乍ⳂՓ㓐ড়㸠ࡼⱘӋؐ1䖒ࠄ᳔DŽ݊ҪⱘⳂⱘᰃᴗ㸵䗤ℹᡩ䌘Ϣᴀᡩ䌘ⱘ߽ᓞ᳝ᬜഄ߽⫼䌘⑤DŽ催㑻ㅵ⧚Ҏਬ催㑻乍Ⳃㅵ⧚Ҏਬϔ㠀ᡓᢙ㒘㒛ⱘ㓐ড়㸠ࡼㅵ⧚ⱘ䋷ӏDŽᄤ乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃ㒣ᐌ㹿ߦߚЎϾ䕗ᯧㅵ⧚ⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚᄤ乍ⳂDŽऩϾᄤ乍Ⳃৃҹিخ乍Ⳃᑊࡴҹㅵ⧚DŽᄤ乍Ⳃᐌᐌথࣙ㒭䚼ऩԡᅲᮑ㒘㒛ݙ䚼ⱘ݊ᅗ㘠㛑ऩԡDŽϟ䴶ᰃᄤ乍Ⳃⱘϔѯ՟ᄤ˖ḍ乍Ⳃ䖛㾘ᅮⱘᄤ乍Ⳃˈ՟བ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳⱘϔϾ䰊↉DŽḍҎ䌘⑤ᡔ㛑⹂ᅮⱘᄤ乍Ⳃˈ՟བᮑᎹ乍ⳂЁⱘ∈⬉ᎹҎDŽ䳔㽕Փ⫼ϧϮᡔᴃⱘᄤ乍Ⳃˈ՟བ䕃ӊᓔথ乍ⳂЁⱘ䅵ㅫᴎᑣ㞾ࡼ⌟䆩DŽ䴲ᐌⱘ乍Ⳃˈᄤ乍Ⳃৃҹ⬅ᇣⱘᄤ乍Ⳃ㒘៤DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸᰃ㒘㒛Ё䲚Ёण䇗ㅵ⧚݊ㅵ䕪ⱘϾ乍ⳂⱘᅲԧDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸгৃҹিخĀ䅵ߦㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸāĀ䅵ߦࡲ݀ᅸāDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸⲥⴷ乍Ⳃ䅵ߦˈ㗙ϸ㗙㒘ড়ⱘㅵ⧚DŽ⬅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸᬃᣕ䋳䋷᮹ᐌџࡵⱘ乍Ⳃ䰸њϔഫㅵ⧚ПˈᕐℸП䯈ϡϔᅮ᳝݇㋏DŽԚᰃˈ᳝ѯ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸⱘ⹂ण䇗ㅵ⧚ѦⳌ㘨㋏ⱘ乍ⳂDŽ䆌㒘㒛Ёˈ乍Ⳃⱘ⹂ḍ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸण䇗Ϣㅵ⧚䖭ѯ乍Ⳃⱘᮍᓣ㗠㒘ড়ҹᶤ⾡ᮍᓣѦⳌ㘨㋏䍋ᴹDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸᇚ⊼ᛣ䲚ЁϢ↡ԧ㒘㒛乒ᅶᭈԧ㒣㧹Ⳃᷛ㋻ᆚ㘨㋏ⱘ乍Ⳃᄤ乍Ⳃⱘ㒳ϔ㾘ߦǃӬܜ乎ᑣǃ䕏䞡㓧ᗹᠻ㸠ᮍ䴶DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸⱘӏࡵ㣗ೈᕜᑓˈџ᮴Ꮌ㒚ˈҢЎ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᦤկ䆁ǃ䕃ӊǃᷛޚᮍ䩜Ϣᑣᮍ䴶ⱘᬃᣕˈࠄᅲ䰙Ⳉㅵ⧚ᑊᡓᢙᅲ⦄乍ⳂⳂᷛⱘ䋷ӏDŽԧⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸ↣ϔϾ乍Ⳃⱘথ䍋䰊↉ৃҹফྨᠬϢᴗ䰤ˈܙᔧ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ҷ㸼݇䬂ⱘއㄪҎˈ䖬ৃ㛑᳝ᴗᦤߎᓎ䆂ˈ⫮㟇᳝ᴗЎമᣕ㒣㧹Ⳃᷛ㗠㒜ℶ乍ⳂDŽℸˈབ᳝ᖙ㽕ˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸгখϢᇍܼ㘠ݐ㘠乍Ⳃಶ䯳Ҏਬⱘ䗝⫼ǃㅵ⧚䇗ࡼˈབ᳝ৃ㛑ˈሑ䞣䗝⫼ܼ㘠ⱘಶ䯳ҎਬDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 17
ϔゴ ᓩ䆎乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸⱘᶤѯ䞡㽕⡍ᕕࣙᣀˈԚϡ䰤Ѣབϟᮍ䴶˖᠔᳝乍Ⳃ݅ৠՓ⫼ⱘ䌘⑤⬅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸㅵ⧚ᑊण䇗䆚߿Ϣᦤߎ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏ǃ᳔དⱘ⊩ᷛޚѸᤶ乍Ⳃᮍ䩜ǃᑣǃḋᵓ݊Ҫ݅⫼᭛ӊⱘഎ᠔ᇍ᠔᳝⬅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸㅵ⧚ⱘ乍Ⳃ䖯㸠䲚Ёⱘ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚ᇍ᠔᳝乍Ⳃⱘ݅ৠϢ⣀⡍亢䰽䖯㸠䲚Ё㓧ކϢㅵ⧚Փ⫼Ϣㅵ⧚乍ⳂᎹˈ՟བܼ㒘㒛乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊⱘ䲚Ёഎ᠔㒳ϔण䇗乍ⳂП䯈ⱘ≳䗮ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ⱘ䕙ᇐキϔ㠀キ㒘㒛ⱘ㾦ᑺ䲚Ёⲥ㾚᠔᳝⬅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸㅵ⧚ⱘ乍Ⳃᯊ䯈䖯ᑺ乘ㅫ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚Ϣӏԩݙ䚼䚼䋼䞣Ҏਬᷛޚ㒘㒛П䯈ण䇗ᭈϾ乍ⳂⱘᷛޚDŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚Ϣ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸП䯈ⱘᏂ߿ৃ㛑ࣙᣀབϟᮍ䴶˖乍Ⳃ㒣⧚Ϣ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸ䗑∖ⱘⳂᷛϡৠˈᑊℸ㗠᳡Ңϡৠⱘ㽕∖DŽ✊㗠ˈ᠔᳝䖭ѯࡾ䛑ᑨৠ㒘㒛ⱘ⬹䳔㽕ֱᣕϔ㟈DŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚䋳䋷乍Ⳃⱘࠊ㑺㣗ೈݙᦤѸԧⱘ乍Ⳃ៤ᵰˈ㗠乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸᰃϔ⾡ࣙᣀ䇌བܼ㒘㒛㾚䞢ㄝݙⱘԧᔎࠊᗻ㽕∖ⱘ㒘㒛㒧ᵘDŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ⱘ⊼ᛣЁᖗᰃџܜ㾘ᅮདⱘ乍ⳂⳂᷛˈ㗠乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸㅵ⧚䞡㽕ⱘ䅵ߦ㣗ೈবˈৃ㛑ᇚ݊㾚Ў㛑དഄᅲ⦄㒣㧹Ⳃᷛⱘ┰ᴎӮDŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ࠊߚ䜡㒭乍Ⳃⱘ䌘⑤ˈҹ᳔֓དഄᅲ⦄乍ⳂⳂᷛˈ㗠乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸ᠔᳝ⱘ乍ⳂЁ䯈ҹ᳔ӬⱘᮍᓣՓ⫼݅⫼ⱘ㒘㒛䌘⑤DŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ㅵ⧚Ꮉ㒚Ⳃ៤ᵰⱘ㣗ೈǃ䖯ᑺǃ៤ᴀ䋼䞣ˈ㗠乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸㅵ⧚ᭈԧ亢䰽ǃᭈԧᴎӮ乍ⳂП䯈ⱘⳌѦձ䌪݇㋏DŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ਞ乍Ⳃ䖯ሩ乍Ⳃԧⱘֵᙃˈ㗠乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸᦤկ㒳ϔⱘਞˈҹঞҢऩԡᭈԧ㾦ᑺᇍ⬅݊ㅵ䕪ⱘ乍Ⳃⱘⳟ⊩DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜182004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
2Ѡゴ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳϢ㒘㒛乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᰃϔϾѢ乍Ⳃᴀ䑿ⱘ⦃๗Ё䖯㸠ⱘDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⧁ᄤᖙ乏⧚㾷䖭ϾѢ乍Ⳃⱘ⦃๗ˈা᳝䖭ḋᠡ㛑䗝ᢽ䗖ড়Ѣ乍Ⳃⱘ⫳ੑᳳⱘ䰊↉ǃ䖛ǃᎹᡔᴃDŽᴀゴҟ㒡乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⦃๗ⱘᶤѯЏ㽕ᮍ䴶DŽᴀゴ䅼䆎ⱘ乬Ⳃࣙᣀ˖乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙㒘㒛ᴎᵘⱘᕅડ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚㒘㒛ৃҹᡞ↣ϔϾ乍Ⳃߦߚ៤㢹ᑆϾ䰊↉ˈҹ᳝֓ᬜഄ䖯㸠ㅵ⧚ࠊˈᑊϢ䆹乍Ⳃᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘ᮹ᐌ䖤㘨㋏䍋ᴹDŽ䖭ѯ乍Ⳃ䰊↉ড়ϔ䍋⿄Ў乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳDŽ䆌㒘㒛䆚߿ߎϔ༫ԧⱘ⫳ੑᳳկ݊᠔᳝ⱘ乍ⳂՓ⫼DŽ 乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳⱘ⡍ᕕ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳ⹂ᅮњᇚ乍Ⳃⱘᓔྟ㒧ᴳ䖲䍋ᴹⱘ䰊↉DŽ՟བˈᔧᶤϾ㒘㒛থ⦄ϔϾৃҹ㗗㰥߽⫼ⱘᴎӮᯊˈᅗ䗮ᐌӮ䋷៤᳝݇Ҏਬ䖯㸠ৃ㸠ᗻⷨおˈҹއᅮ䆹乍Ⳃᰃ৺ؐᕫゟ乍DŽ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳⱘᅮН᳝ࡽѢ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ᓘ⏙ᰃ৺ᑨᇚ䆹乍ৃ㸠ᗻⷨお㾚Ў乍ⳂⱘϔϾ䰊↉ˈ㗙ᇚ݊ᔧϔϾऩ⣀ⱘ乍ⳂDŽᔧ䖭⾡߱ℹࡾⱘ㒧ᵰ᮴⊩䆚߿⏙Ἦᯊˈ᳔དᇚ݊ᔧऩ⣀ⱘ乍Ⳃ໘⧚DŽ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳⱘ䰊↉Ϣ3ゴ䆺㒚ҟ㒡ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘ϡৠDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 19
Ѡゴ 乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳϢ㒘㒛Ң乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳⱘϔϾ䰊↉䕀ࠄϔ䰊↉䗮ᐌᰃᶤ⾡ᔶᓣⱘᡔᴃѸˈ䖭⾡䰊↉䕀⿏䗮ᐌг⬅䖭⾡ᡔᴃѸ⹂ᅮDŽࠡϔ䰊↉ѻ⫳ⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰ䗮ᐌ㽕ফᰃ৺Ꮖ㒣ᅠ៤ᰃ৺ޚ⹂ⱘᅵᶹˈ偠ᬊПৢᠡ㛑ᓔྟϟϔ䰊↉ⱘᎹDŽԚᰃˈབᵰ䅸Ў᠔⍝ঞⱘ亢䰽ᰃৃҹফⱘ䆱ˈৢϔ䰊↉ৃҹࠡϔ䰊↉ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ䗮䖛偠ᬊПࠡᓔྟDŽ䖭⾡ᇚ䗮ᐌᣝ✻ܜৢ乎ᑣᅠ៤ⱘϸϾ䰊↉䞡䗁ⱘخ⊩ᰃᑨ⫼᠔䇧ᖿ䗳䎳䖯䖯ᑺय़㓽ᡔᴃⱘϔϾ՟ᄤDŽⳂࠡ≵᳝⹂ᅮ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳⱘଃϔ᳔དࡲ⊩DŽᶤѯ㒘㒛ⱘ᮶ᅮᮍ䩜ᰃ⫼ϔϾ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳҹᷛޚⱘᮍᓣ໘⧚᠔᳝ⱘ乍Ⳃˈ㗠ϔѯऩԡ߭ܕ䆌乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⧁ᄤЎ݊乍Ⳃ䗝ᢽ᳔䗖ড়ⱘ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳDŽˈ㸠Ϯⱘ䗮⫼خ⊩㒣ᐌ䗴៤ᴀ㸠Ϯݙ䚼Փ⫼ᶤ⾡㑺ᅮ֫៤ⱘ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳDŽ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳⱘᅮН䖬ᇚ⹂ᅮ乍ⳂᓔྟϢ㒧ᴳᯊⱘાѯ䖛⏵㸠ࡼᑨࣙᣀ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈПݙˈ㗠ાѯ߭ϡᑨࣙᣀݙDŽ䖭ḋˈህৃҹ⫼乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳⱘᅮНᡞ乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃᅲᮑ㒘㒛ᣕ㓁ⱘ᮹ᐌ䖤Ϯࡵ㘨㋏ϔ䍋DŽ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳ䗮ᐌ㾘ᅮ˖x乍ⳂⱘϾ䰊↉ᑨᔧҢџԩ⾡ᡔᴃᎹ˄՟བˈᓎㄥᏜⱘᎹᑨᬒ乍ⳂⱘાϾ䰊↉ᅠ៤˛˅x乍Ⳃ䰊↉ৃѸҬ៤ᵰᑨԩᯊ⫳៤ˈҹঞབԩᅵᶹǃḌᅲ⹂䅸Пx乍Ⳃ䰊↉⬅ાѯҎਬখϢ˄՟བˈᑊ㸠Ꮉ㽕∖ᅲᮑҎਬখϢࠊ䅶㽕∖䇈ᯢк䆒䅵ᴀ䑿˅xབԩࠊᡍޚ乍ⳂϾ䰊↉DŽ䇈ᯢ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳᯊৃҹकߚㄐ㒳ˈгৃҹ䴲ᐌ䆺㒚DŽ䴲ᐌ䆺㒚ⱘ䇈ᯢৃҹࣙᣀ䆌㸼Ḑǃ㸼Ḍᇍ㸼ˈՓ݊ᴵ⧚⏙Ἦˈ֓ѢࠊDŽ᭄乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳⱘ䇈ᯢ᳝㢹ᑆ݅ৠ⡍⚍˖x乍Ⳃ䰊↉ϔ㠀ᣝ乎ᑣ佪ሒ㸨ˈ䗮ᐌḍᶤ⾡ᔶᓣⱘᡔᴃֵᙃӴ䗦ᡔᴃ䚼ӊѸ⹂ᅮDŽxҎᡩܹ䌍⫼ˈᓔྟᯊԢˈ䱣П㗠催ǃ㗠乍Ⳃ䖥ᬊሒᯊ䖙䗳ϟ䰡DŽ䖭⾡ᓣབ2-l᠔⼎DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜202004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ϔϾϾЁ䯈䰊↉2᳔ৢ䰊↉ᓔྟ䰊↉៤ᴀҎᡩܹⱘ∈ᑇᯊ䯈2-1˖乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ϢҎᡩܹ∈ᑇ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳЁⱘൟߚᏗx乍Ⳃᓔྟᯊˈ៤ࡳഄᅠ៤乍Ⳃⱘৃ㛑ᗻ᳔Ԣˈℸ亢䰽ϡ⹂ᅮᗻ᳔催DŽ䱣ⴔ乍Ⳃ㒻㓁䖯ሩˈ៤ࡳഄᅠ៤乍Ⳃⱘৃ㛑ᗻ䗮ᐌ䛑䗤⏤ϞछDŽx乍Ⳃᓔྟᯊˈ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ᇍ乍Ⳃѻક᳔ৢ⡍⚍乍Ⳃ᳔ৢ៤ᴀⱘᕅડ᳔ᔎˈ㗠䱣ⴔ乍Ⳃⱘ䖯ሩˈ䖭⾡ᕅડ䗤ℹޣᔅDŽ2-2ᔶ䈵ഄ䇈ᯢњ䖭ϔ⚍DŽ䗴៤䖭⾡⦄䈵ⱘЏ㽕ॳᰃ䱣ⴔ乍Ⳃⱘ䖯ሩˈব䅵ߦ㑴ℷ༅䇃ⱘҷӋ䗮ᐌϢ᮹ׅDŽᔎ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘᕅડবⱘҷӋᔅ乍Ⳃᯊ䯈2-2˖߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ᕅડ䱣ⴔᯊ䯈ⱘব࣪®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 21
Ѡゴ 乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳϢ㒘㒛ሑㅵ䆌乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳ᳝ᕐℸⳌԐⱘ䰊↉ৡ⿄ˈ᠔㽕∖ⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰৡ⿄гᵕ݊ⳌԐˈԚ݊ݙᆍ㒱ᇥ䳋ৠDŽᶤѯ乍Ⳃ᳝45Ͼ䰊↉ˈԚϔѯ乍Ⳃৃ䖒9Ͼ䰊↉ҹϞDŽेՓᶤऩϔᑨ⫼乚ඳݙˈгӮ᳝ᕜᏂ߿ˈϔϾ㒘㒛ⱘ䕃ӊᓔথ⫳ੑᳳৃ㛑া᳝ϔϾ䆒䅵䰊↉ˈ㗠ϔϾ㒘㒛ैৃ㛑ᇚ݊ߚЎࡳ㛑䆒䅵䆺㒚䆒䅵ϸϾऩ⣀ⱘ䰊↉DŽ乍Ⳃݙⱘᄤ乍Ⳃгৃҹ᳝ᯢᰒⱘ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳDŽ՟བˈϔᆊᓎㄥᏜџࡵ᠔ফ䲛ЎҪҎ䆒䅵ᮄࡲ݀ὐᯊˈ佪ܜ䆒䅵ᯊখϢњϮЏⱘ䆒䅵㽕∖ࠊ䅶䰊↉ˈ䱣ৢজणࡽᮑᎹᯊখϢњϮЏⱘᅲᮑ䰊↉ˈणࡽᮑᎹDŽԚᓎㄥᏜᴀ䑿ⱘ䆒䅵乍Ⳃг᳝㞾Ꮕⱘϔ㋏߫䰊↉ˈࣙᣀ乍Ⳃᵘᗱǃ㽕∖ࠊ䅶ǃᅲᮑǃⳈ㟇乍ⳂᬊሒDŽ䖭ԡᓎㄥᏜ⫮㟇ৃҹᡞࡲ݀ὐⱘ䆒䅵ᇍᮑᎹⱘणࡽ㾚ЎϸϾϡৠⱘ乍Ⳃˈߚ߿ࣙᣀ㞾ⱘᯢᰒ䰊↉DŽ 乍Ⳃ䰊↉ⱘ⡍ᕕ↣Ͼ乍Ⳃ䰊↉䛑ҹϔϾ᭄ϾৃѸҬ៤ᵰⱘᅠ៤Ў݊ᷛᖫDŽৃѸҬ៤ᵰᰃᶤ⾡᳝ᔶⱘǃৃ偠䆕ⱘᎹ៤ᵰˈ՟བˈᡔᴃ㾘ᅮ䇈ᯢкǃৃ㸠ᗻⷨおਞǃ䆺㒚䆒䅵᭛ӊৃҹᎹⱘḋકDŽᶤѯৃѸҬ៤ᵰৃ㛑ᇍᑨⴔ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛ˈ㗠ϔѯ߭ᰃ䆹乍Ⳃᵘᗱᯊ䆒ᛇⱘ᳔㒜ѻકѻકⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽৃѸҬ៤ᵰˈ㗠Ⳍᑨⱘ䰊↉ᰃЎֱ䆕ᙄᔧഄࠊ乍Ⳃˈ䖒ࠄ乍ⳂⳂⱘˈेপᕫᏠᳯⱘѻક᳡ࡵ㗠䆒䅵ⱘϔ㠀Ўᣝ乎ᑣ佪ሒ㸨ⱘ䖛ⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽӏԩԧⱘ乍Ⳃˈ⬅Ѣ㾘ǃᴖᑺǃ亢䰽∈ᑇ⦄䞥⌕ࠊ㑺ㄝᮍ䴶ⱘॳˈ䰊↉ৃҹ䖯ϔℹߦߚЎᄤ䰊↉DŽЎњ֓Ѣⲥ㾚Ϣࠊˈ↣ϔϾᄤ䰊↉䛑㽕ϢϔϾϾԧⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰ㘨㋏䍋ᴹDŽ䖭ѯџ乍ⱘ᭄䛑ৠᴀ䰊↉ৃѸҬ៤ᵰⳌ㘨㋏ˈ㗠Ϩ䰊↉ϔ㠀䛑ḍ䖭ѯџ乍ੑৡ˖㽕∖䇈ᯢкǃ䆒䅵ǃᓎ䗴ǃ䆩偠ǃ䆩䔺ǃѸ݊Ҫㄝㄝˈԧ㾚ᚙމ㗠ᅮDŽ乍Ⳃ䰊↉ⱘ㒧ᴳ䗮ᐌҹᇍᅠ៤ⱘᎹϢৃѸҬ៤ᵰⱘᅵᶹЎᷛᖫˈⳂⱘᰃ⹂ᅮᰃ৺偠ᬊˈᰃ৺ҡ✊䳔㽕ࡴᎹˈ㗙ᰃ৺㗗㰥㒧ᴳ䖭ϔ䰊↉DŽ㒣ᐌВ㸠ㅵ⧚ሖᅵᶹҹ֓އᅮϡ㒧ᴳᔧࠡ䰊↉ⱘᴵӊϟᓔྟϟϔ䰊↉ⱘ⌏ࡼˈ՟བᔧ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ᇚᖿ䗳䎳䖯䗝Ў㸠ࡼℹ偸ᯊेЎབℸDŽᶤֵᙃᡔᴃ݀ৌ䗝ᢽৃৠᯊ䖯ሩⱘ乍Ⳃ䰊↉ⱘ䞡⫳ੑᳳгᰃ䖭⾡՟ᄤDŽᬊ䲚ߚᵤᅶ᠋ᇍϔϾഫⱘ㽕∖ˈ䆒䅵Ϣࠊ䖭ϔഫⱘৠᯊˈᇍѠϾഫ䖯㸠ߚᵤˈ䖬ৃҹᑇ㸠ഄᓔྟᬊ䲚ߚᵤᅶ᠋ᇍϝϾഫⱘ㽕∖DŽৠḋˈއᅮᰃ৺ਃࡼӏԩ݊Ҫ䰊↉ᯊˈгৃҹ㒧ᴳϔϾ䰊↉DŽ՟བˈᔧ乍ⳂᏆ㒣ᅠ៤ˈ㗙䅸Ў亢䰽ˈϡܕ䆌乍Ⳃ㒻㓁ϟএᯊेЎབℸDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜222004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
䰊↉ⱘℷᓣᅠ៤ϡࣙᣀḌޚ䱣ৢⱘ䰊↉DŽЎњ᳝ᬜⱘࠊˈ↣ϔ䰊↉䛑㽕ℷᓣਃࡼˈ䛑㽕ḍ䆹䰊↉ⱘԧᚙމᦤѸЎ䆹䰊↉㾘ᅮܕ䆌乘ᳳાѯџ乍ⱘϔ乍៤ᵰDŽ2-3᠔㸼⼎ⱘህᰃ䖭⾡ᚙމDŽ䰊↉ৃҹ䖯㸠ϔᅵᶹˈᯢ⹂ⱘⳂⱘᰃপᕫᇍ㒧ᴳᔧࠡ䰊↉ᑊਃࡼϟϔ䰊↉ⱘḌޚDŽ᳝ᯊˈϔᅵᶹৃҹ2ḌޚϸӊџDŽϞ䗄䰊↉ᅵᶹᕔᕔ⿄Ў䰊↉ᬒ㸠ষǃ䰊↉݇व偠ᬊキDŽᗱᛇձ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⧁ᄤ䰊↉ᓔྟ䰊↉Ё䯈䰊↉᳔ৢ䰊↉ゴ䅵ߦ偠ᬊ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚៤ᵰޚ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкᡍޚ䖯ሩ⿏Ѹѻક乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰ2-3˖乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳݙⱘൟ䰊↉ᑣ߫ 乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳϢѻક⫳ੑᳳⱘ݇㋏䆌乍Ⳃ䛑Ϣᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘ᮹ᐌ䖲㓁ϮࡵⳌ㘨㋏DŽᶤѯ㒘㒛ҙᅠ៤ৃ㸠ᗻⷨおǃࠊᅮߎ߱ℹ䅵ߦᶤ⾡݊Ҫ㉏ԐᔶᓣⱘߚᵤПৢᠡℷᓣᡍޚ乍ⳂDŽ䖭⾡ᚙމϟˈ߱ℹ㾘ߦߚᵤ䞛পњऩ⣀乍ⳂⱘᔶᓣDŽ՟བˈਃࡼⷨࠊ᳔㒜ѻકⱘ乍ⳂПࠡˈⷨࠊ䆩偠ḋᴎḋકⱘ䖛Ёৃ㛑Ӯথ⦄䳔㽕ࡴ䰊↉DŽᶤѯᔶᓣⱘ乍Ⳃˈ⡍߿ᰃݙ䚼᳡ࡵᮄѻકⷨࠊ乍Ⳃৃҹᦤࠡϔ↉ᯊ䯈䴲ℷᓣਃࡼˈҹ֓Ўࡴⱘ䰊↉⌏ࡼপᕫℷᓣⱘᡍޚDŽ▔থ乍Ⳃⱘࡼ䞣ϔ㠀িخ䯂乬ǃᴎӮ㒣㧹㽕∖DŽ䖭ѯय़ⱘৢᵰᰃˈㅵ⧚ሖϔ㠀ᖙ乏ḍ݊Ҫ┰乍Ⳃⱘ䳔㽕䌘⑤㽕∖⹂ᅮ䖭ϔ乍Ⳃ㽕∖ⱘ䕏䞡㓧ᗹDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 23
Ѡゴ 乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳϢ㒘㒛乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳⱘ⹂ᅮ䖬Ӯ乍Ⳃ㒧ᴳᯊˈЎњᇚ乍ⳂϢᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘ᮹ᐌ䖲㓁Ϯࡵ㘨㋏䍋ᴹˈ䆚߿ાѯ䖛⏵㸠ࡼܹ߫ϡܹ߫DŽᡞᮄѻકѸҬℷᓣ⫳ѻᡞᮄ⬉㛥䕃ӊѸҬϞᏖˈህᰃ䖭⾡ᚙމⱘ՟ᄤDŽᑨ䆹⊼ᛣᡞ乍Ⳃⱘ⫳ੑᳳѻકⱘ⫳ੑᳳऎߚᓔᴹDŽ՟བˈᏖഎߎϔ⾡ᮄൟৄᓣ⬉㛥ⱘ乍Ⳃҙҙᰃ݊ѻક⫳ੑᳳⱘϔϾᮍ䴶DŽ2-4ᰃϔϾ՟ᄤˈ䇈ᯢѻક⫳ੑᳳᓔྟѢ㒣㧹䅵ߦˈ㒣䖛ᵘᗱˈࠄѻકˈࠄ᮹ᐌ㒣㧹ѻક䗔ߎᏖഎDŽ㗠乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳ㒣ग़߯䗴䖭ϔѻકⱘϔ㋏߫䰊↉DŽ݊Ҫ乍Ⳃৃҹࣙᣀᇍ䖭ϔѻકⱘᗻ㛑ᮄDŽᶤѯᑨ⫼乚ඳˈ՟བᮄѻક䕃ӊⷨࠊˈ㒘㒛ᇚ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳ㾚Ўѻક⫳ੑᳳⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽछ㑻ѻક㒣㧹䅵ߦⷨ᮹ᐌϮࡵ⫳ੑᳳࠊѻકᗱᛇ乍Ⳃ᳔ৢᓔྟ䰊↉Ё䯈䰊↉⫳ੑᳳ䰊↉2-4˖ѻકϢ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳП䯈ⱘ݇㋏乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ህᰃ⿃ᵕখϢ乍Ⳃǃ߽݊Ⲟ乍Ⳃⱘᅲᮑᅠ៤㗠ফࠄ⿃ᵕ⍜ᵕᕅડⱘϾҎ㒘㒛ˈҪӀ䖬Ӯᇍ乍ⳂⱘⳂᷛ㒧ᵰᮑࡴᕅડDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⧁ᄤᖙ乏ᓘ⏙Ἦ䇕ᰃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ˈ⹂ᅮҪӀⱘ㽕∖ᳳᳯˈ✊ৢḍҪӀⱘ㽕∖ᇍ݊ᕅડሑࡴҹㅵ⧚ˈ⹂ֱ乍Ⳃপᕫ៤ࡳDŽ2-5䇈ᯢњ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙Ϣ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤП䯈ⱘ݇㋏DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜242004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃ䌲ࡽҎ乍Ⳃথ䍋Ҏ2乍Ⳃ㒣⧚乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳乍Ⳃಶ䯳乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙2-5˖߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙Ϣ乍ⳂП䯈ⱘ݇㋏乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙খϢ乍Ⳃᯊ䋷ӏϢᴗ䰤ᇣব࣪ᕜˈᑊϨ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳⱘϡৠ䰊↉гӮব࣪DŽ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ䋷ӏϢᴗ䰤᳝ᯊᰃيᇨখϢ䇗ᶹ䞡⚍ᇍ䈵ᇣ㒘ˈ᳝ᯊᰃܼ䌲ࡽ乍Ⳃˈࣙᣀᦤկ䋶Ϣᬓ⊏ᬃᣕDŽ㕂Ϟ䗄䋷ӏϢᴗ䰤Ѣ㛥ৢⱘ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ৃ㛑ӮϹ䞡ᕅડ乍ⳂⱘⳂᷛDŽৠḋˈᗑ㾚߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚гӮᇍ乍Ⳃⱘ㒧ᵰ䗴៤⸈ണᗻᕅડDŽ䆚߿乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙᳝ᯊᕜೄ䲒DŽ՟བˈᶤѯҎӮᦤߎᇚᴹⱘህϮপއѢᮄѻક䆒䅵乍Ⳃⱘ㒧ᵰⱘ㺙䜡㒓ᎹҎᰃ৺ሲѢ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ਸ਼˛ϡ㛑䆚߿䞡㽕ⱘ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ৃ㛑Ӯ㒭乍Ⳃ䗴៤䞡䯂乬DŽ՟བˈगᑈ㰿䕃ӊᮄ乍ⳂЁϔⳈࠄᕜᰮᠡ䅸䆚ࠄ⊩ᕟ䚼䮼ᰃ䞡㽕ⱘ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ˈ㒧ᵰᰃᖙ乏䆹乍Ⳃ㽕∖䇈ᯢкЁ⏏ࡴ䆌ݙᆍˈࡴњ䞣᭛ӊӏࡵDŽ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ᇍѢ乍Ⳃⱘᕅડˈ⿃ᵕ⍜ᵕⱘ䛑᳝ৃ㛑DŽ⿃ᵕⱘ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ᰃ䗮ᐌҢ乍Ⳃⱘ៤ࡳ㒧ᵰЁ㦋Ⲟ㗙ˈ㗠⍜ᵕⱘ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ᰃҢ乍Ⳃⱘ៤ࡳЁ㾕ࠄ⍜ᵕ㒧ᵰ㗙DŽৠḋˈᗑ㾚߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚гӮᇍ乍Ⳃⱘ㒧ᵰ䗴៤⸈ണᗻᕅડDŽ՟བˈᶤ⼒ऎҢᶤᎹϮথሩ乍ⳂЁ㦋Ⲟⱘଚ⬠乚㹪Ҏ⠽ˈЎҪӀⳟࠄ乍Ⳃⱘ៤ࡳЎ⼒ऎᏺᴹⱘ㒣⌢߽Ⲟ㗠ৃ㛑៤Ў⿃ᵕⱘ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙DŽⳌডˈ⦃๗ֱᡸ㒘㒛བᵰ䅸Ў䆹乍Ⳃᤳണ⦃๗ⱘ䆱ˈህৃ㛑៤Ў⍜ᵕⱘ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙DŽᇍѢ⿃ᵕⱘ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ˈᐂࡽ乍Ⳃ៤ࡳ㛑᳔དഄᅲ⦄߽݊ⲞDŽ՟བˈᐂࡽ乍Ⳃপᕫᖙ㽕ⱘ䍋ࡼ䆌ৃ䆕DŽ㽕∖䖯㸠⏅ܹⱘ⦃๗䆘Ӌˈ䰏乍Ⳃⱘ䖯ሩ㛑᳔དഄᅲ⦄⍜ᵕ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ߽ⲞDŽ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ㒣ᐌᗑ⬹⍜ᵕ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ߽Ⲟˈ݊ৢᵰᰃ᮴⊩Փ乍Ⳃࠄ䖒៤ࡳⱘ㒜⚍DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 25
Ѡゴ 乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳϢ㒘㒛↣Ͼ乍Ⳃ䛑ࣙᣀⱘ݇䬂߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙᳝˖x乍Ⳃ㒣⧚˖䋳䋷ㅵ⧚乍ⳂⱘϾҎDŽx乒ᅶ/⫼᠋˖Փ⫼乍ⳂѻકⱘϾҎ㒘㒛DŽ乒ᅶৃ㛑᳝ϾሖDŽ՟བˈᮄ㥃ⱘ乒ᅶৃ㛑ࣙᣀᓔ㥃ᮍⱘǃ᳡㥃ⱘ⮙ҎˈҹঞЎ䆹⾡㥃⠽Ҭℒⱘए⭫ֱ䰽݀ৌDŽᶤѯᑨ⫼乚ඳˈ乒ᅶ⫼᠋ᰃৠН䆡ˈԚᰃϔѯ乚ඳˈ乒ᅶᣛ䌁ф乍Ⳃ㒧ᵰⱘᅲԧˈ㗠⫼᠋ᣛⳈՓ⫼䆹乍ⳂѻકⱘϾҎDŽx乍Ⳃᅲᮑ㒘㒛˖䲛ਬ᳔ⳈখϢ乍ⳂᎹⱘऩԡDŽx乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ៤ਬ˖ᅠ៤乍ⳂᎹⱘ䲚ԧDŽx乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⧁ᄤ˖ⳈখϢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⌏ࡼⱘ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤⱘ៤ਬDŽx䌲ࡽҎ˖Ў乍Ⳃᦤկ⦄䞥ᅲ⠽䋶䌘⑤ⱘϾҎಶԧDŽxᮑࡴᕅડ㗙˖ৠ乍ⳂѻકⱘপᕫՓ⫼≵᳝Ⳉ݇㋏ˈԚᰃ݊乒ᅶ㒘㒛ᅲᮑ㒘㒛Ёⱘഄԡ㗠㛑ᇍ乍Ⳃⱘ䖯ᮑࡴ⿃ᵕ⍜ᵕᕅડⱘϾҎ䲚ԧDŽx乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸ˖བᵰ乍Ⳃᅲᮑ㒘㒛䆒ゟњ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸˈᑊϨᇍ乍Ⳃⱘ㒧ᵰ䋳᳝Ⳉ䯈ⱘ䋷ӏˈᅗህৃ㛑៤ЎϔϾ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙DŽ䰸Ϟ䗄߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙Пˈ䖬᳝䆌ϡৠৡ⿄ϡৠ㉏ൟⱘ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ˈࣙᣀݙ䚼䚼߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ǃϮЏᡩ䌘㗙ǃկᑨଚᡓࣙଚǃ⧁ᄤ៤ਬঞ݊ᆊᒁǃᬓᑰᴎᵘၦԧǃϾ߿݀⇥ǃЈᯊⱘ∌Йⱘ␌䇈㒘㒛ˈҹঞᭈϾ⼒ӮDŽ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘੑৡߚ㉏Џ㽕ᰃЎ߸ᮁાѯϾҎ㒘㒛ᡞ㞾Ꮕ㾚Ў߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘϔ⾡䕙ࡽ↉DŽ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ㾦㡆䋷ӏৃ㛑䞡䗁ˈ՟བˈᶤᎹ݀ৌЎᅗ᠔䆒䅵ⱘᎹॖ㵡䌘DŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ᖙ乏ㅵ⧚߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘᳳᳯˈ䖭ৃ㛑ᰃӊ䲒џˈЎ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘⳂᷛᕔᕔᕐℸⳌ䎱⫮䖰ˈ⫮㟇ѦⳌކさDŽ՟བ˖x㽕∖⏏㕂ᮄㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳ⱘ䚼䮼㒣⧚ৃ㛑Ꮰᳯ៤ᴀԢᒝˈ㋏㒳䆒䅵Ꮬৃ㛑ᔎ䇗ᡔᴃϞϞЬˈ㗠㓪ᡓࣙҎ݇ᖗⱘ߭ᰃপᕫ᳔߽⍺DŽxᶤ⬉ᄤ݀ৌ䋳䋷ⷨおᎹⱘࡃᘏ㺕ৃ㛑Ӯᡞᮄѻકⱘ៤ࡳᅮНЎ䖒ࠄᔧ᳔ࠡܜ䖯ᡔᴃ∈ᑇˈ䋳䋷ࠊ䗴ⱘࡃᘏ㺕ৃ㛑ᇚ݊ᅮНЎϪ⬠ϔ⌕ⱘ⫳ѻᎹ㡎ˈ㗠䋳䋷㧹䫔ⱘࡃᘏ㺕ৃ㛑Џ㽕݇ᖗѻક᳝ᇥᮄⱘ⡍⅞ᗻ㛑DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜262004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
x᠓ഄѻᓔথ乍ⳂⱘϮЏⱘ⊼ᛣৃ㛑䲚ЁѢᯊ䯈䖯ᑺˈᔧഄᬓᑰᴎᵘৃ㛑Ꮰᳯሑৃ㛑ࡴᬊᬊܹˈϔϾ⦃ֱ㒘㒛ৃ㛑Ꮰᳯሑ䞣ޣᇥᇍ⦃๗ⱘϡ߽ᕅડˈ㗠䰘䖥ሙ⇥߭Ꮰᳯᇚℸ乍Ⳃ⿏Ҫ໘DŽ㒘㒛ⱘᕅડ᮶Փ䆹乍Ⳃᴀ䑿ህᰃ䖭Ͼ㒘㒛ᴀ䑿˄ড়䌘ǃড়ӭ˅ᯊˈҡ✊㽕ফࠄਃࡼ乍ⳂⱘϔϾϾ㒘㒛ⱘᕅડDŽ㒘㒛乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㋏㒳ǃ᭛࣪ǃ亢ǃ㒘㒛㒧ᵘˈҹঞ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸᮍ䴶ⱘ៤❳ᑺгᇍ乍Ⳃѻ⫳ᕅડDŽҹϟ㡖ҟ㒡ৃ㛑ᕅડ乍Ⳃⱘ䖭ѯ䕗㒘㒛ᴎᵘⱘ݇䬂ᮍ䴶DŽ 㒘㒛ࠊᑺҹ乍ⳂЎЏϮⱘ㒘㒛ˈᰃϮࡵЏ㽕⬅乍Ⳃᵘ៤ⱘ㒘㒛DŽ䖭ѯ㒘㒛ߚЎϟ߫ϸ㉏˖xᬊܹЏ㽕ᴹ㞾ḍড়ৠЎ݊ᅗ㒘㒛ᅲᮑ乍Ⳃⱘ㒘㒛—ᓎㄥᏜџࡵ᠔ǃᎹ݀ৌǃ䆶݀ৌǃᮑᎹᡓࣙ݀ৌᬓᑰ䞛䌁ᡓࣙଚㄝDŽx䞛পњᣝ✻乍Ⳃ䖯㸠ㅵ⧚ⱘ㒘㒛˄খⳟ㡖˅DŽ䖭ѯ㒘㒛ᕔᕔ䛑Ꮖ᳝⦄៤ⱘㅵ⧚ࠊᑺˈ֓Ѣᅲᮑ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚DŽ՟བˈᅗӀⱘ䋶ࡵࠊᑺᕔᕔᰃ䩜ᇍϾৠᯊ䖯㸠ⱘ乍ⳂⱘḌㅫǃ䗑䏾ਞ㗠ԧ䆒䅵ⱘDŽϡҹ乍ⳂЎЏϮⱘӕϮᕔᕔ㔎ᇥЎ᳝ᬜϢ催ᬜ⥛ᬃᣕ乍Ⳃⱘ䳔㽕㗠䆒䅵ⱘㅵ⧚ࠊᑺDŽ㔎ᇥЎ乍Ⳃ䆒䅵ⱘࠊᑺᕔᕔЎ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡴೄ䲒DŽ᳝ѯᚙމϟˈϡҹ乍ⳂЎЏϮⱘ㒘㒛Ӯ䆒᳝㉏Ԑҹ乍ⳂЎЏϮ㒘㒛ⱘ䚼䮼݊ᅗϟሲऩԡᑊ䜡᳝ⳌᑨⱘࠊᑺDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⧁ᄤᑨᔧ䅸䆚ࠄ㒘㒛㒧ᵘࠊᑺӮᇍ乍Ⳃѻ⫳ԩ⾡ᕅડDŽ՟བˈབᵰ䆹㒘㒛哧ࢅ㘠㛑䚼䮼㒣⧚ᣝ㘠ਬᎹᎹᯊ乍Ⳃᬊ䌍ᯊˈ߭乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⧁ᄤህ㽕ࡴᔎࠊˈ⹂ֱ᠔䇗ᴹⱘ㘠ਬ㹿᳝ᬜഄՓ⫼Ѣ乍ⳂПϞDŽ 㒘㒛᭛࣪Ϣ亢᭄㒘㒛䛑Ꮖᔶ៤њ⣀⡍ǃৃҹ㿔㸼ⱘ᭛࣪DŽ䖭ѯ᭛࣪ডӫ㋴ПЁˈࣙᣀԚϡ䰤Ѣϟ߫ᮍ䴶˖x݅ৠⱘӋؐ㾖ǃ㾘㣗ǃֵᗉᳳᳯxᮍ䩜ࡲџᑣxᇍᴗ݇㋏ⱘⳟ⊩xᎹ䘧ᖋϢᎹᯊ䯈DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 27
Ѡゴ 乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳϢ㒘㒛㒘㒛᭛࣪ᕔᕔᇍ乍Ⳃ᳝ⳈᕅડDŽ՟བ˖xᦤߎϡᇏᐌ㗙亢䰽䕗催ᮍḜⱘ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤϔϾ䖯পᖗ䕗ᔎ᳝ᓔᢧ㊒⼲ⱘ㒘㒛Ё↨䕗ᆍᯧ㦋ᕫ䌲䆌DŽxᎹ亢᳝ᔎ⚜খϢᛣ䆚ⱘ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ㄝ㑻⬠㒓⋒␁ߚᯢⱘ㒘㒛ЁህӮ䘛ࠄ咏⚺˗㗠亢ϧ῾䎟ⱘ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚哧ࢅখϢⱘ㒘㒛ЁৠḋгৗϡᓔDŽ 㒘㒛㒧ᵘᅲᮑ乍Ⳃ㒘㒛ⱘ㒧ᵘᕔᕔࠊ㑺ⴔ乍Ⳃ㛑৺㦋ᕫ᠔䳔䌘⑤DŽ㒘㒛㒧ᵘৃ↨خ䖲㓁ⱘ乥䈅ˈ݊ϔッЎ㘠㛑ᓣˈϔッЎ乍ⳂᓣˈЁ䯈ᰃᔶᔶ㡆㡆ⱘⶽ䰉ᓣDŽ2-6᠔⼎ЎϢ乍Ⳃ᳝݇ⱘЏ㽕㒘㒛㒧ᵘ㉏ൟⱘ݇䬂⡍ᕕDŽⶽ䰉ᓣ㒘㒛ᔶᓣ㘠㛑ᓣ乍Ⳃᓣᔅⶽ䰉ᑇ㸵ⶽ䰉ᔎⶽ䰉乍Ⳃ⡍ᕕ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ᴗ䰤ᕜᇥ≵᳝᳝䰤ᇥࠄЁㄝЁㄝࠄᕜ催ˈ⫮㟇ܼᴗৃ߽⫼ⱘ䌘⑤ᕜᇥ≵᳝᳝䰤ᇥࠄЁㄝЁㄝࠄᕜˈ⫮㟇ܼ䚼㘠㛑㒣⧚ࠊ乍Ⳃ乘ㅫ㗙㘠㛑㒣⧚㘠㛑㒣⧚乍Ⳃ㒣⧚乍Ⳃ㒣⧚Ϣ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ⱘ㾦㡆ञ㘠ञ㘠ܼ㘠ܼ㘠ܼ㘠乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㸠ᬓҎਬञ㘠ञ㘠ञ㘠ܼ㘠ܼ㘠2-6˖㒘㒛㒧ᵘᇍ乍Ⳃⱘᕅડ㒣ⱘ㘠㛑ᓣ㒘㒛˄খⳟ2-7˅ᰃϔϾ䞥ᄫศᓣሖ㒧ᵘˈ↣ϔϾ䲛ਬ䛑᳝ϔϾᯢ⹂ⱘϞ㑻DŽҎਬᣝϧϮߚ㒘ˈ՟བϞሖ᳝⫳ѻǃ㧹䫔ǃᎹǃӮ䅵䚼䮼˗Ꮉ䚼䮼জ䖯ϔℹ㒚ߚЎᬃᣕ㒘㒛㒣㧹ⱘ㘠㛑ऩԡ˄՟བᴎẄ⬉⇨˅DŽ㘠㛑ᓣ㒘㒛ҡ✊᳝乍ⳂˈԚᰃ乍Ⳃⱘ㣗ೈ䰤ࠊ㘠㛑䚼䮼ⱘ㣗ೈПݙDŽ㘠㛑ᓣ㒘㒛ЁⱘᎹ䚼䮼ᇚ⣀ゟѢࠊ䗴㧹䫔䚼䮼㗠ᅠ៤݊ᎹDŽᔧ㒃㊍㘠㛑ᓣ㒘㒛ⷨࠊᮄѻકⱘᯊˈ݊䆒䅵䰊↉ᕔᕔিخ䆒䅵乍Ⳃˈ㗠ϨҙҙࣙᣀᎹ䚼ҎਬDŽབᵰ䘛ࠄ᳝݇ࠊ䗴ⱘ䯂乬ˈҪӀህᡞ䯂乬ᣝሖ㒧ᵘϞࠄᴀ䚼䮼乚ᇐˈ⬅ᴀ䚼䮼乚ᇐϢࠊ䗴䚼䮼乚ᇐणଚDŽ✊ৢᎹ䚼䮼ⱘ乚ᇐݡᡞᇍᮍㄨ⊓ሖϟ䖒㒭Ꮉ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜282004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ᘏ㺕乍Ⳃण䇗2㘠㛑䚼䮼㒣⧚㘠㛑䚼䮼㒣⧚㘠㛑䚼䮼㒣⧚㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ˄咥Ḛ㸼⼎খϢ乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼⱘ㘠ਬ˅2-7˖㘠㛑ᓣ㒘㒛ᘏ㺕乍Ⳃण䇗乍Ⳃ㒣⧚乍Ⳃ㒣⧚乍Ⳃ㒣⧚㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ˄咥Ḛ㸼⼎খϢ乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼⱘ㘠ਬ˅2-8˖乍Ⳃᓣ㒘㒛乥䈅ⱘϔッᰃ乍Ⳃᓣ㒘㒛˄খⳟ2-8˅DŽ乍Ⳃᓣ㒘㒛Ёˈ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ៤ਬᐌᐌᅝᥦৠϔഄ⚍DŽ䆹㒘㒛䚼ߚ䌘⑤⫼Ѣ乍ⳂᎹˈ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚᳝ᕜⱘ⣀ゟᗻᴗ䰤DŽ乍Ⳃᓣ㒘㒛ᕔᕔ䆒᳝⿄Ў䚼䮼ⱘ㒘㒛ˈԚ䖭ѯऩԡ㗙Ⳉ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚∛ЎϾ乍Ⳃᦤկᬃᣕ᳡ࡵDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 29
Ѡゴ 乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳϢ㒘㒛ᘏ㺕㘠㛑䚼䮼㒣⧚㘠㛑䚼䮼㒣⧚㘠㛑䚼䮼㒣⧚㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ˄咥Ḛ㸼⼎খϢ乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼⱘ㘠ਬ˅乍Ⳃण䇗2-9˖ᔅⶽ䰉ᓣ㒘㒛ᘏ㺕㘠㛑䚼䮼㒣⧚㘠㛑䚼䮼㒣⧚㘠㛑䚼䮼㒣⧚㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚㘠ਬ㘠ਬ˄咥Ḛ㸼⼎খϢ乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼⱘ㘠ਬ˅乍Ⳃण䇗2-10˖ᑇ㸵ⶽ䰉ᓣ㒘㒛®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜302004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ᘏ㺕2㘠㛑䚼䮼㒣⧚㘠㛑䚼䮼㒣⧚㘠㛑䚼䮼㒣⧚乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ㅵ⧚Ҏਬ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚˄咥Ḛ㸼⼎খϢ乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼⱘ㘠ਬ˅乍Ⳃण䇗2-11˖ᔎⶽ䰉ᓣ㒘㒛ⶽ䰉ᓣ㒘㒛˄㾕2-9ࠄ2-11˅ݐ᳝㘠㛑ᓣ乍Ⳃᓣⱘ⡍ᕕDŽᔅⶽ䰉ᓣ㒘㒛ֱ⬭њ㘠㛑ᓣ㒘㒛ⱘ䆌⡍ᕕˈ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ⱘ㾦㡆ˈϢ݊䇈ᰃϔϾㅵ⧚㗙ˈϡབ䇈䈵ᰃϔϾ㘨㋏Ҏण䇗ਬDŽ㗠ᔎⶽ䰉ᓣ㒘㒛᳝߭乍Ⳃᓣ㒘㒛ⱘ䆌⡍ᕕˈᢹ᳝Ⳍᔧⱘᴗ䰤ⱘܼ㘠乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ҹঞܼ㘠ⱘ乍Ⳃ㸠ᬓㅵ⧚ҎਬDŽ㗠ᑇ㸵ⶽ䰉ᓣ㒘㒛ᡓ䅸䆒乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ⱘᖙ㽕ᗻˈԚ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ᇍѢ乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃ䌘䞥᮴ܼᴗᬃ䜡˄㾕2-6˅DŽᘏ㺕㘠㛑䚼䮼㒣⧚㘠㛑䚼䮼㒣⧚㘠㛑䚼䮼㒣⧚乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ㅵ⧚Ҏਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚㘠ਬ㘠ਬ㘠ਬ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚乍ⳂAण䇗乍ⳂBण䇗˄咥Ḛ㸼⼎খϢ乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼⱘ㘠ਬ˅2-12˖ড়ᓣ㒘㒛᭄⦄ҷ㒘㒛ϡৠሖϞ㽕⫼ࠄ᠔᳝䖭ѯ㒧ᵘˈབ2-12᠔⼎˄ড়ᓣ㒘㒛˅DŽ՟བˈ᮶ՓᴀϞሲѢ㘠㛑ᓣⱘ㒘㒛ˈгৃ㛑ᓎゟϧ䮼ⱘ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ໘⧚䞡㽕ⱘ乍ⳂDŽ䖭ḋϔϾ⧁ᄤৃҹ᳝乍Ⳃᓣ㒘㒛Ё乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤⱘ䆌⡍ᕕˈᅗৃҹ᳝Ңϡৠ㘠㛑䚼䮼䇗ᴹⱘܼ㘠ᎹҎਬˈৃҹࠊ䅶㞾Ꮕⱘϔ༫ࡲџᑣˈ⫮㟇ৃҹϡᣝᷛޚˈℷ㾘ⱘ䇋⼎ਞ㋏㒳ᓔሩᎹDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 31
Ѡゴ 乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳϢ㒘㒛 乍Ⳃࡲ݀ᅸ㒘㒛㒧ᵘЁ⫼䆌㒘㒛Ꮖ㒣䅸䆚ࠄᓎゟՓ⫼乍Ⳃࡲ݀ᅸⱘӬ䍞ᗻDŽᇍѢⶽ䰉ᓣ㒘㒛䖭ϔ⚍㒣ᐌሲᅲˈᇍѢ乍Ⳃᓣ㒘㒛߭Т∌䖰ᰃ䖭ḋˈ⡍߿ᰃ↡ԧ㒘㒛ৠᯊখϢϾܜৢ㓁ⱘ㋏߫乍ⳂᯊᰃབℸDŽ乍Ⳃࡲ݀ᅸৃҹᄬѢӏԩ㒘㒛㒧ᵘЁˈࣙᣀ㘠㛑ᓣ㒘㒛ˈ2-6Ёˈ䍞ᰃেッⱘ㒘㒛㒧ᵘˈ䆒ゟ乍Ⳃࡲ݀ᅸⱘৃ㛑ᗻ䍞DŽ㒘㒛᠔䆒ⱘ乍Ⳃࡲ݀ᅸ㘠㛑㣗ೈᕜᑓˈҢᡂⓨ乒䯂ˈ䩜ᇍऩϾ乍Ⳃᦤߎԧⱘᮍ䩜ᑣᓎ䆂ˈࠄᕫࠄ催ሖ㸠ᬓҎਬⱘℷᓣᥜᴗDŽ䖭⾡ᚙމϟˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸৃ㛑জᇚ䖭ϔᴗ䰤䕀Ѹ㒭乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ϾҎDŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ৃ㛑㸠ᬓџࡵᮍ䴶ᕫࠄ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸϧ㘠ञᯊᎹҎਬⱘᬃᣕDŽ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ៤ਬ᮶ৃҹᰃܼᯊᡩܹ乍Ⳃ㗙ˈгৃҹࣙᣀ⬅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸㅵ⧚ৠᯊখϢ݊Ҫ乍ⳂⱘᎹҎਬDŽ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ៤ਬⳈ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚∛ˈབᵰሲѢ݅⫼ⱘञᯊҎਬˈ߭乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸ∛DŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚Ⳉ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸ∛ᎹDŽℸˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸ㒳ϔㅵ⧚ⱘ♉⌏ᗻৃҹЎ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ᦤկᴀ㒘㒛ݙⱘᦤᢨᴎӮDŽ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ៤ਬЁⱘϧϮᡔᴃҎਬৠ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸ㾺䖬᳝ࡽѢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚џϮᮍ䴶䖯㸠⾡䗝ᢽDŽ䇋䇏㗙⊼ᛣˈབᵰ㒘㒛䆒᳝乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸˈ߭2-8乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ሖϢᘏ㺕ሖП䯈⏏ࡴϔϾᮍḚˈᷛϞPMO˄乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸ˅DŽৠḋˈ2-112-12ЁˈĀ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚Џӏāϔ㠀ᑨᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸЏӏˈ㗠݊Ҫ㒘㒛㒧ᵘЁ˄2-92-10˅ˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸϔ㠀ϡⳈᘏ㺕∛ᎹDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜322004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㋏㒳乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㋏㒳ᰃ⬅ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ⫼ⱘᎹǃᡔᴃǃᮍ⊩㋏ǃ䌘⑤ᑣ㒘៤ⱘᭈԧ2DŽℷᓣϡℷᓣⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㋏㒳ᐂࡽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ᇚ乍Ⳃ᳝ᬜഄᓩ៤ࡳDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㋏㒳ᰃϔᭈ༫㒧ড়Ў㒳ϔ᳝ᴎᭈԧⱘ䖛᳝݇ⱘࠊ㘠㛑DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䇈ᯢབԩՓ⫼乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㋏㒳DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㋏㒳ⱘݙᆍᇍѢϡৠⱘᑨ⫼乚ඳǃ㒘㒛ᕅડǃ乍Ⳃᴖᗻˈҹঞᰃ৺᳝⦄៤ⱘ㋏㒳ᰃϡৠⱘDŽ㒘㒛ᕅડ⹂ᅮњ䆹㒘㒛ݙᠻ㸠乍Ⳃⱘ㋏㒳㒧ᵘDŽЎњ䗖ᑨ㒘㒛ᮑࡴⱘӏԩᕅડ䆹㋏㒳ᇚ䖯㸠䇗ᭈᬍবDŽᅲᮑ㒘㒛ݙབᵰ䆒᳝乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸˈ݊㘠㛑Пϔϔ㠀ᰃЎњ⹂ֱℷᅲᮑⱘ⾡ḋ乍Ⳃⱘϔ㟈ᗻ䖲㓁ᗻ㗠ᇍ䆹乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㋏㒳䖯㸠ㅵ⧚DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 33
II䚼ߚ乍Ⳃⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᷛޚ3ゴ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䖛
3ϝゴ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䖛乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ህᰃᇚⶹ䆚ǃᡔ㛑ǃᎹᡔᴃᑨ⫼Ѣ乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼПЁˈҹ⒵䎇乍Ⳃⱘ㽕∖DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᰃ䗮䖛߽⫼乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ǃᡔ㛑ǃᎹᡔᴃⱘ䖛ᅲ⦄ⱘˈ䖭ѯ䖛߁׳ձ߯䗴ߎ៤ᵰDŽЎњ乍Ⳃপᕫ៤ࡳˈ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᖙ乏˖x乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘Ё䗝⫼ᅲ⦄乍ⳂⳂᷛ᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘড়䗖䖛˗x߽⫼ᶤ⾡џܜ⹂ᅮⱘ䗨ᕘᴹ䗖ᑨѻક㽕∖䇈ᯢк䅵ߦˈՓ݊⒵䎇乍Ⳃѻકⱘ㽕∖˗x䙉ᅜ㽕∖䇈ᯢкЁⱘ㾘ᅮ⒵䎇߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ䳔㽕ǃᜓᳯᳳᳯ˗xᴗ㸵ᇍ㣗ೈǃᯊ䯈ǃ䌍⫼ǃ䋼䞣ǃ䌘⑤亢䰽ѦⳌކさⱘ㽕∖ˈҹᦤѸ催䋼䞣ⱘ៤ᵰDŽᴀᣛफ∛䲚њਃࡼǃ㾘ߦǃᠻ㸠ǃⲥ㾚ϢࠊˈҹঞᬊሒϔϾ乍Ⳃ᠔䳔㽕ⱘֵᙃˈᑊ䆚߿њᇍѢ᭄乍Ⳃ᭄ᚙމϟ䛑݀䅸Ў㡃དخ⊩ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛DŽ䖭ѯ䖛᱂䘡䗖⫼ѢϪ⬠ഄⱘ㸠ϮDŽ㡃དخ⊩ᰃᣛ䙷ѯҎӀϔ㟈䅸Ўˈ㗠Ϩџᅲ㸼ᯢ䖭ѯ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛ⱘᑨ⫼㛑ᦤ催⾡ḋ乍Ⳃ៤ࡳⱘৃ㛑ᗻDŽԚᰃˈ䖭ᑊϡᰃ䇈ᴀᣛफҟ㒡ⱘⶹ䆚ǃᡔ㛑䖛ᑨᔧӏԩᯊϔ៤ϡবഄᑨ⫼Ѣ᠔᳝ⱘ乍ⳂDŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ӏԩᯊ䛑ᑨϢ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ϔ䍋݅ৠ䋳䋷⹂ᅮાѯ䖛䗖ড়Ѣԧ㒭ᅮⱘ乍ⳂˈҹঞϾ䖛䗖ড়Ѣ䆹乍ⳂⱘϹḐᑺDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 37
ϝゴ 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䖛џᅲϞˈᴀᣛफᓎ䆂乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ঞ݊乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᑨ䅸ⳳഄ㗗㰥བԩᇍᕙ↣ϔϾ䖛ঞ݊ձ៤ᵰˈϔ䍋݅ৠ䋳䋷⹂ᅮાѯ䖛䗖ড়Ѣԧ㒭ᅮⱘ乍ⳂˈҹঞϾ䖛䗖ড়ⱘᑺDŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ঞ݊乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᑨᇚᴀゴᔧњ㾷ㅵ⧚㞾Ꮕⱘ乍Ⳃᯊᖙ乏㗗㰥ⱘ䖭ѯ䖛ⱘϔӑ㉫⬹ᣛफDŽ䖭ϔࡾিخĀ࠾㺕āˈेԧᚙމԧᇍᕙDŽ䖛ህᰃϔ㒘Ўњᅠ៤ϔ㋏߫џܜᣛᅮⱘѻકǃ៤ᵰ᳡ࡵ㗠乏ᠻ㸠ⱘѦⳌ㘨㋏ⱘ㸠ࡼ⌏ࡼDŽ乍Ⳃ䖛⬅乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᅲᮑˈϔ㠀ሲѢҹϟϸ㉏Пϔ˖x᭄ᚙމϟˈ᭄乍Ⳃ䛑᳝݅ৠⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛ˈᅗӀ䗮䖛᳝Ⳃⱘⱘᅲᮑ㗠ѦⳌ㘨㋏䍋ᴹDŽ݊Ⳃⱘህᰃਃࡼǃ㾘ߦǃᠻ㸠ǃⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ㒧ᴳϔϾ乍ⳂDŽ䖭ѯ䖛ѦⳌᕅડˈ݇㋏ᕜᴖˈՓ⫼ϔӑ᭛ӊᔶ䲒ҹᅠܼ㾷䞞⏙ἮDŽԚᰃˈ3-4ᰃ䇈ᯢ䖭Ͼ䖛㒘П䯈ⳌѦᕅડⱘϔϾ՟ᄤDŽ䖭ѯ䖛䖬乍Ⳃ㣗ೈǃ䌍⫼ǃ䖯ᑺㄝᮍ䴶ѦⳌ⫼ˈѦⳌᕅડDŽ៥Ӏ⿄䖭ѯЎⶹ䆚乚ඳˈ4ゴ㟇12ゴᇚ䆺㒚ҟ㒡ᅗӀDŽx䴶ѻકⱘ䖛㾘ᅮϢࠊ乍ⳂⱘѻકDŽ䴶ѻકⱘ䖛ϔ㠀䛑⬅乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳ㾘ᅮ˄㡖Ꮖ㒣䅼䆎˅ˈᑊᑨ⫼乚ඳ㗠ᓖDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛ѻકⱘ䖛Ң乍Ⳃᓔྟࠄ݊㒧ᴳྟ㒜ᕐℸ䞡䗁ϢѸѦ⫼DŽ՟བˈབᵰᇍབԩࠊ㾘ᅮⱘѻક㔎Уᴀⱘ⧚㾷ˈህ᮴⊩⹂ᅮ乍Ⳃⱘ㣗ೈDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᰃϔ乍㓐ড়ࡾDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ㓐ড়ᗻ㽕∖↣ϔϾ乍Ⳃѻક䖛ৠ݊Ҫ䖛ᙄᔧഄ䜡ড়Ϣ㘨㒧䍋ᴹˈা᳝䖭ḋᠡ֓Ѣण䇗DŽ䖛П䯈ⱘ䖭ѯⳌѦᕅડ⫼㒣ᐌ㽕∖ᇍ⾡乍Ⳃ㽕∖Ⳃᷛ䖯㸠ᴗ㸵DŽ㗠ᴖⱘ乍Ⳃৃ㛑㽕∖ᶤѯ䖛ড䖯㸠ᠡ㛑⹂ᅮ⒵䎇߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ㽕∖ˈᑊህ䖭ѯ䖛ⱘ㒧ᵰ䖒៤ϔ㟈ᛣ㾕DŽϔϾ䖛䞛প៤ࡳⱘ㸠ࡼˈ䗮ᐌӮᇍ䖭ϔ䖛݊Ҫ᳝݇ⱘ䖛ѻ⫳ϡ߽ᕅડDŽ՟བˈ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘᬍবТᘏӮᕅડ乍Ⳃⱘ䌍⫼ˈԚᑊϡϔᅮӮᕅડ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ⱘ⇨㗙ѻકⱘ䋼䞣DŽԧⱘᅲᮑᬜᵰᴗ㸵乍Ⳃ㒘㒛㗠ᓖDŽ៤ࡳⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࣙᣀ⿃ᵕഄㅵ⧚䖭ѯⳌѦᕅડⳌѦ⫼ⱘ㽕∖ˈҹՓ݊៤ࡳഄ⒵䎇䌲ࡽ㗙ǃ乒ᅶ݊Ҫ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ㽕∖DŽᴀᣛफᇚҢ㒘៤乍ⳂⱘϾ䖛ǃᅗӀП䯈ⱘⳌѦ⫼ϢᕅડˈҹঞᅗӀⱘ⫼䗨ⱘ㾦ᑺˈᴹҟ㒡乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛DŽ䖭ѯ䖛ᔦ㒇Ў5㒘ˈিخ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘˖xਃࡼ䖛㒘x㾘ߦ䖛㒘xᠻ㸠䖛㒘xⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㒘xᬊሒ䖛㒘DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜382004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ᴀゴⱘݙᆍᰃㅵ⧚ऩϾ乍Ⳃ᠔䳔㽕ⱘ㢹ᑆ㘨㋏ϔ䍋ⱘ䖛ˈ᳝བϟϾЏ㽕䚼ߚ˖乍Ⳃㅵ⧚Ͼ䖛乍Ⳃㅵ⧚Ͼ䖛㒘䖛䯈ⱘѸѦ⫼乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䖛㾷乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䇌䖛ᇍѢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚Ͼ䖛ˈᴀᣛफᰃߚᓔҟ㒡ⱘˈᕐℸП䯈ֱᣕ⏙Ἦⱘ⬠㒓DŽԚᅲ䏉ЁˈᅗӀӮҹᶤ⾡ᮍᓣⳌѦѸঝঞ䞡䗁ˈԚ䖭ѯᮍᓣᑊᴀᣛफЁ䆺䗄DŽ᭄㒣偠Єᆠⱘᅲ䰙乍Ⳃㅵ⧚Ҏਬ䛑䅸䆚ࠄˈㅵ⧚乍Ⳃⱘࡲ⊩Ӯ᳝ϡাϔ⾡DŽ乍Ⳃⱘ㒚㡖ᅮНЎᖙ乏ᅲ⦄ⱘ㢹ᑆⳂᷛˈ䖭ѯⳂᷛ㛑ᅲ⦄Ϣ৺পއѢ乍Ⳃⱘᴖᑺǃ亢䰽ǃᇣǃᯊ䯈䰤ࠊǃ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ⱘ㒣偠ǃ䌘⑤ⱘ᳝᮴Ϣᆵǃग़ֵᙃⱘ᭄䞣ǃϾ㒘㒛ᇍ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ❳㒗ᑺǃ㸠Ϯᑨ⫼乚ඳㄝDŽᖙ㽕ⱘ䖛㒘ঞ݊ᄤ䖛ৃ⫼خ乍Ⳃᳳ䯈ᑨ⫼乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ᡔ㛑ⱘᣛᇐDŽℸˈᇍѢϔϾ乍Ⳃˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㽕ডՓ⫼ˈ䆌䖛Ӯ乍Ⳃ䖯ሩᳳ䯈䖯㸠䞡ׂᬍDŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ঞ݊乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᑨ䋳䋷⹂ᅮ䖛㒘Ёાѯᄤ䖛ᇚ⫼Ѣ䆹乍Ⳃˈ⬅ԩҎՓ⫼ˈҹঞЎњ䖒ࠄ乍ⳂॳᅮⳂⱘˈᴹᠻ㸠䖭ѯ䖛ᯊᑨᔧ䙉ᅜⱘϹḐᑺDŽৠ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛ⳌѦ݇㋏᳝݇ⱘᴀὖᗉПϔᰃĀ䅵ߦ-ᠻ㸠-Ẕᶹ-㸠ࡼāᕾ⦃˄⬅㟡⪺⡍ᅮНˈ᠈ᯢᬍ䖯DŽ䆺㾕1999ᑈ㕢䋼䞣णӮ㓪ˈ㕢䋼䞣णӮݠˈ13-14义˅DŽ䆹ᕾ⦃⦃㡖ҹ㒧ᵰⳌ䖲ü䆹ᕾ⦃ϔ䚼ߚⱘ㒧ᵰব៤њϔ䚼ߚⱘձ˄㾕3-1˅DŽ䅵ߦᠻ㸠㸠ࡼẔᶹ3-1˖Ā䅵ߦ-ᠻ㸠-Ẕᶹ-㸠ࡼāᕾ⦃®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 39
ϝゴ 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䖛䖛㒘ⱘ㓐ড়ᗻ䖰䕗Ā䅵ߦ-ᠻ㸠-Ẕᶹ-㸠ࡼāᕾ⦃ᴹᕫᴖ˄㾕3-2˅DŽԚᰃˈ3-2Ё㒣䖛ᠽሩⱘᕾ⦃ৃҹ⫼Ѣ䖛㒘ݙঞ݊П䯈ⱘⳌѦ݇㋏ПЁDŽ㾘ߦ䖛㒘ϢĀ䅵ߦ-ᠻ㸠-Ẕᶹ-㸠ࡼāᕾ⦃ЁⱘĀ䅵ߦāᇍᑨ˗ᠻ㸠䖛㒘ϢĀ䅵ߦ-ᠻ㸠-Ẕᶹ-㸠ࡼāᕾ⦃ЁⱘĀᠻ㸠āᇍᑨ˗㗠ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㒘ϢĀ䅵ߦ-ᠻ㸠-Ẕᶹ-㸠ࡼāᕾ⦃ЁⱘĀẔᶹāĀ㸠ࡼāᇍᑨDŽℸˈЎϔϾ乍Ⳃⱘㅵ⧚ᰃϔ⾡᳝䰤ⱘࡾˈ᠔ҹਃࡼ䖛㒘ᰃ䖭ѯᕾ⦃ⱘᓔྟˈ㗠ᬊሒ䖛㒘ᰃ݊㒧ᴳDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ㓐ড়ᗻ㽕∖ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㒘Ϣ݊Ҫ䖛㒘ⱘ᠔᳝ᮍ䴶Ⳍ䜡ড়DŽⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㾘ߦ䖛ਃࡼ䖛㒧ሒ䖛ᠻ㸠䖛3-2˖乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘ϢĀ䅵ߦ-ᠻ㸠-Ẕᶹ-㸠ࡼāᕾ⦃ⱘᇍᑨ݇㋏乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘ᴀ㡖䆚߿Ϣ䇈ᯢӏԩϔϾ乍Ⳃ᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ5Ͼ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘DŽ䖭5Ͼ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘П䯈ⱘձ䌪݇㋏ᕜ⏙ἮˈᇍѢ↣ϔϾ乍Ⳃ䛑ᰃᣝ✻ৠḋⱘ乎ᑣ䖯㸠ⱘDŽᅗӀϢᑨ⫼乚ඳ㸠Ϯ݇ᖗⱘ䞡⚍᮴݇DŽϾ䖛㒘ঞ݊ᄤ䖛乍Ⳃᅠ៤Пࠡ㒣ᐌডDŽᄤ䖛䖛㒘ݙ䖛㒘П䯈гѦⳌ⫼ⳌѦᕅડDŽ㒬ࠊ䖛⌕Փ⫼ⱘヺো㸼⼎3-3Ё߫ߎབϟ˖x䖛㒘x䖛㒘ݙⱘᄤ䖛x㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻџϮ⦃๗㋴ˈᰃ䖛㒘ⱘձ៤ᵰˈԚ݊ᄬѢᄤ䖛Пxㆁ༈ㆁ㒓㸼⼎ᄤ䖛᭄䖛㒘ݙ䖛㒘П䯈ⱘ⌕ࡼDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜402004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
䇈ᯢ˖ЎՓᴀᯧѢ⧚㾷ˈ≵᳝ᇚ䖛䯈ⱘ᠔᳝ѦⳌ⫼ⳌѦᕅડҹঞ᭄⌕㸼⼎ߎᴹDŽ⌕՟ᴀᣛफⱘ᠔᳝⌕㸼⼎ⱘᰃᴀℹ偸ⳌѦᕅડϢⳌѦ⫼3᳝ৃ㛑⏏ࡴ䆌ⳌѦᕅડϢⳌѦ⫼䖛ҹ䖛㒘䖛䖛䖯ሩᮍ3-3˖㒬ࠊ⌕ⱘ՟3-4Ёⱘ⌕ᰃ䖛㒘П䯈ⱘᴀ᭄⌕ѸѦ⫼ⱘ㉫⬹ὖᣀDŽᶤϾ䖛ৃҹᅮНࠊ㑺䆹䖛བԩ߽⫼ձ߯䗴៤ᵰDŽϔϾ䖛㒘ࣙᣀҹ㞾ⱘձ៤ᵰⳌѦ㘨㋏ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᄤ䖛ˈгህᰃ䇈ˈϔϾ䖛ⱘ㒧ᵰ៤ᵰব៤њϔϾ䖛ⱘձDŽ՟བˈⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㒘ϡҙⲥ㾚ࠊᶤϔ䖛㒘ℷ䖯㸠ⱘᎹˈ㗠Ϩ䖬ⲥ㾚ࠊᭈϾ乍Ⳃⱘ៤ᵰDŽⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㒘䖬ᖙ乏ᦤկড作ˈҹ֓އᅮᰃ৺䳔㽕ЎњՓ乍Ⳃヺড়乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㗠ᅲᮑ㑴ℷ乘䰆㸠ࡼˈ㗙䗖ᔧഄׂᬍ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦDŽ䖛㒘П䯈г᳝ৃ㛑⏏䆌݊ҪⳌѦ݇㋏ⳌѦᕅડDŽԚᰃˈ䖛㒘ϡᰃ乍Ⳃ䰊↉DŽᔧ乍Ⳃᴖ乍Ⳃ᳝ৃ㛑ߚ㾷Ўϡৠⱘ䰊↉㗙ϡৠⱘᄤ乍Ⳃᯊˈ՟བৃ㸠ᗻⷨおǃὖᗉᭆǃ䆒䅵ǃḋᴎḋકǃᓎ䗴ǃ䆩偠ㄝㄝˈ↣ϔ䰊↉ᄤ乍Ⳃ䛑㽕䞡䖛㒘ⱘ᠔᳝ᄤ䖛DŽ䖭5Ͼ䖛㒘ᰃ˖xਃࡼ䖛㒘DŽ⹂ᅮᑊḌޚ乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃ䰊↉DŽx㾘ߦ䖛㒘DŽ⹂ᅮ㒚࣪ⳂᷛˈᑊЎᅲ⦄乍Ⳃ㗠㽕䖒ࠄⱘⳂᷛᅠ៤乍Ⳃ㽕㾷އⱘ䯂乬㣗ೈ㗠㾘ߦᖙ㽕ⱘ㸠ࡼ䏃㒓DŽxᠻ㸠䖛㒘DŽᇚҎϢ݊Ҫ䌘⑤㒧ড়Ўᭈԧᅲᮑ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦDŽxⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㒘DŽᅮᳳ⌟䞣ᑊⲥ㾚䖯ሩᚙމˈথ⦄أ⾏乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦП໘ˈҹ֓ᖙ㽕ᯊ䞛প㑴ℷ㸠ࡼᴹᅲ⦄乍ⳂⱘⳂᷛDŽxᬊሒ䖛㒘DŽℷᓣ偠ᬊѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰˈᑊ᳝ᴵϡ㋞ഄ㒧ᴳ乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃ䰊↉DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 41
ϝゴ 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䖛㒘㒛᭛࣪乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳Ꮉ䇈ᯢкৢҎ䌘⑤乍Ⳃথ䍋ҎџϮ⦃๗㋴ਃࡼ䖛㒘/䌲ࡽҎড়ৠᮍ䩜ǃᑣǃᷛޚǃॳ߭⹂ᅮⱘ䖛乍Ⳃゴग़ֵᙃ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкপⱘᬭ䆁㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ㾘ߦ䖛㒘乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦᠻ㸠䖛㒘ৃѸҬ៤ᵰব䇋∖ᅲᮑⱘব䇋∖ᅲᮑⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼᅲᮑⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼᅲᮑⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥᎹᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㒘ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖৺އⱘব䇋∖ᡍޚⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼᡍޚⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼᡍޚⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ㤤ⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼ䖯ሩਞ㤤ⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ乘⌟⹂䅸ⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥᡍޚⱘৃѸҬՓ⫼៤ᵰ㸠ᬓ㒧ሒᑣ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅ড়ৠ㒧ሒᑣ㒧ሒ䖛㒘᳔㒜ѻકǃ᳡ࡵǃ៤ᵰ乒ᅶ䇈ᯢ˖≵᳝ᇚ䖛㒘䯈ⱘ᠔᳝ⱘѦⳌ⫼ҹঞ᭄⌕㸼⼎ߎᴹDŽ3-4˖ᇍ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘ⳌѦ⫼ϢⳌѦᕅડⱘ催ᑺὖᣀ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜422004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ਃࡼ䖛㒘ਃࡼ䖛㒘⬅ϔ㒘᳝ࡽѢℷᓣᥜᴗᓔྟϔϾᮄ乍ⳂϔϾ乍Ⳃ䰊↉ⱘ䖛㒘៤DŽਃࡼ䖛ϔ㠀ᰃ⬅䍙ߎ乍Ⳃࠊ㣗ೈПⱘ㒘㒛ǃ䅵ߦ㓐ড়㸠ࡼ䖛ᴹᅠ៤˄㾕3-5˅ˈᇍѢ߱ྟ乍Ⳃⱘձˈ䖭⾡ᚙމ㊞њ乍Ⳃ䖍⬠DŽ՟3བˈਃࡼ䖛㒘ᓔྟПࠡˈህᏆᇚ㒘㒛ⱘ㒣㧹䳔㽕㽕∖ᔶ៤њ᭛ӊDŽᮄϮࡵⱘᰃ৺ৃ㸠পއѢ䗝ᮍḜ䆘ӋϢᢽӬ䖛DŽህ乍ⳂⱘⳂⱘϢⳂᷛᏆ㒣㓪ݭњ⏙Ἦᯢⱑⱘ᭛ᄫ䇈ᯢˈ䖭ࣙᣀᶤԧ乍Ⳃ៤Ў⒵䎇㒘㒛㒣㧹㽕∖ⱘ᳔ӬᮍḜⱘ⧚⬅DŽ䆄䕑䖭ϔއᅮⱘ᭛ӊ䖬ᇍ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈǃৃѸҬ៤ᵰ乍Ⳃᯊ䯈᠔خⱘᴀ䇈ᯢˈ䖬ᇍ㒘㒛ᡩ䌘ߚᵤⱘ䌘⑤خњ乘⌟DŽᇚ乍Ⳃ䗝ᢽ䖛ᭈ⧚ᔦḷᇚ᳝ࡽѢᓘ⏙䆹乍Ⳃⱘ䕂ᒧDŽ乍ⳂϢ㒘㒛ⱘㄪ⬹䅵ߦⱘ݇㋏ᯢ⹂њ䆹㒘㒛ݙ催ሖㅵ⧚Ҏਬⱘ䋷ӏDŽ䰊↉乍ⳂЁˈ䱣ৢ䰊↉䖯㸠ⱘਃࡼ䖛ᰃЎњ⹂䅸ࠊᅮ乍ⳂゴϢᢳᅮ߱ℹ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк䖛Ё᠔خⱘॳ؛䆒Ϣއㄪⱘড়⧚ᗻDŽ乍Ⳃ䖍⬠ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛乍Ⳃ㾘ߦ䖛᳔㒜⫼᠋ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ乍Ⳃথ䍋Ҏ/乍Ⳃձਃࡼ䖛㒧ሒ䖛䌲ࡽҎ乍Ⳃ䆄ᔩ䖛䌘ѻᠻ㸠䖛3-5˖乍Ⳃ䖍⬠ਃࡼ䖛Ёˈ䖯ϔℹ㒚᳔࣪߱ᇍѢ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ㒘㒛ᜓᛣᡩܹⱘ䌘⑤᠔خⱘ䇈ᯢDŽབᵰᇮӏੑ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ˈ⦄ህᑨ䗝ᢽϔԡDŽ᳔߱ⱘ؛䆒Ϣࠊ㑺㋴г㽕ᢳ៤᭛ӊDŽ䖭ѯֵᙃᑨড乍ⳂゴПЁˈϔᮺ乍Ⳃゴ㦋ᕫᡍޚˈ乍ⳂгህᕫࠄњℷᓣᥜᴗDŽ乍Ⳃゴ㱑✊ৃ⬅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳䍋㤝ˈԚ乍ⳂⱘᡍޚϢ䌘䞥ⱘপᕫᰃ乍ⳂПDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 43
ϝゴ 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䖛䆌ˈ㗙ᴖⱘ乍ⳂৃҹߦߚЎ㢹ᑆ䰊↉ˈ䖭гሲѢਃࡼ䖛ⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽ↣ϔ䰊↉ᓔྟᯊᇍਃࡼ䖛䖯㸠ᅵᶹ᳝ࡽѢ䅽乍Ⳃྟ㒜ᇚ⊼ᛣ䲚Ёᅗᴀᴹᑨᔧ㾷އⱘଚϮ䳔㽕ϞDŽ䖭ᯊ㽕Ḍᇍ䖯ܹϟϔ䰊↉ⱘ㽕∖ᷛޚˈࣙᣀᰃ৺᳝ᖙ䳔ⱘ䌘⑤ㄝDŽ✊ৢˈᴹއᅮ䆹乍Ⳃᰃ৺Ꮖ㒣خདњ㒻㓁ϟএⱘޚˈ㗙ᰃ৺ᑨ䖳Ёᮁ乍ⳂDŽ䱣ৢⱘ乍Ⳃ䰊↉ˈ䖯ϔℹᅵḌ㒚࣪ᴀ䰊↉ⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈDŽҹৢⱘ䰊↉䞡ਃࡼ䖛㛑㒣㧹䳔㽕Ꮖ㒣⍜༅ˈ㗙䅸Ў乍ⳂᏆ㒣᮴⊩⒵䎇䖭ϔ㒣㧹䳔㽕ᯊˈᇚ乍Ⳃذ乓ϟᴹDŽ䅽乒ᅶϢ݊Ҫ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙খϢਃࡼ䖛䗮ᐌ᳝ࡽѢᬍᦤ催ৠᛣߚѿ乍Ⳃ᠔᳝ᴗǃ䅸ৠৃѸҬ៤ᵰǃ⒵䎇乒ᅶϢ݊Ҫ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙㽕∖ⱘৃ㛑ᗻDŽ䖭ḋⱘ䅸ৠᇍѢ乍Ⳃⱘ៤ࡳ㟇݇㋻㽕DŽਃࡼ䖛㒘˄3-6˅ᓔྟϔϾ乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃ䰊↉ˈ䆹䖛㒘ⱘ៤ᵰ⹂ᅮњ乍Ⳃⱘ⫼䗨ˈᯢ⹂њⳂᷛˈᑊᥜᴗ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ᓔྟᅲᮑ䖭ϔ乍ⳂDŽ㾘ߦ䖛㒘乍Ⳃゴ () ᠻ㸠䖛㒘ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк () ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㒘3-6˖ਃࡼ䖛㒘®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜442004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ਃࡼ䖛㒘ࣙᣀབϟ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛˖ .1ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴ䖭ϔ䖛ᴀݙᆍᰃḌޚ乍Ⳃ䰊↉乍Ⳃⱘ䰊↉DŽᅗᰃ䆄䕑㒣㧹䳔㽕ˈ乘ᅮ㽕⒵䎇䖭ѯ㽕∖ⱘᮄѻકǃ᳡ࡵ݊Ҫ៤ᵰⱘᖙ㽕䖛DŽ乕থ䖭ϔゴᇚ乍ⳂϢ㒘㒛ⱘ᮹ᐌϮࡵ㘨㋏䍋ᴹᑊՓ䆹乍Ⳃ㦋ᕫᡍޚDŽ乍Ⳃゴᰃ⬅乍Ⳃಶ䯳П3ⱘ㒘㒛ǃ䅵ߦ㓐ড়㸠ࡼㅵ⧚ᴎᵘ乕থᑊᥜᴗḌޚⱘDŽ䰊↉乍ⳂЁˈ䖭ϔ䖛ⱘ⫼䗨ᰃ⹂䅸㒚࣪ҹࠡࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴ䖛Ё᠔خⱘϾއᅮDŽձ៤ᵰ.1ড়ৠ.1乍Ⳃゴ.2乍ⳂᎹ䇈ᯢк.3џϮ⦃๗㋴.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ㸼3-1˖ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .2ᢳᅮ˄߱ℹ˅乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк䖭ᰃ߽⫼乍ⳂゴϢਃࡼ䖛㒘݊ҪձЎ乍Ⳃᦤߎ߱ℹ㉫⬹催ሖᅮНⱘᖙ㽕䖛DŽ䖭ϔ䖛໘⧚䆄䕑ᇍ乍ⳂϢৃѸҬ៤ᵰᦤߎⱘ㽕∖ǃѻક㽕∖ǃ乍Ⳃⱘ䖍⬠ǃ偠ᬊᮍ⊩ˈҹঞ催ሖ㣗ೈࠊDŽ䰊↉乍ⳂЁˈ䖭ϔ䖛⹂䅸㒚࣪↣ϔ䰊↉ⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈDŽձ៤ᵰ.1乍Ⳃゴ.1߱ℹ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.2乍ⳂᎹ䇈ᯢк.3џϮ⦃๗㋴.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ㸼3-2˖ᢳᅮ߱ℹ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˖ձϢ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 45
ϝゴ 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䖛㾘ߦ䖛㒘乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᰃ߽⫼㾘ߦ䖛㒘ǃᄤ䖛ঞ݊ⳌѦ݇㋏ᴹ㒘㒛㾘ߦㅵ⧚៤ࡳⱘ乍ⳂDŽ㾘ߦ䖛㒘᳝ࡽѢҢᅠᭈᡞᦵᑺϡϔⱘ⾡ᴹ⑤ᴹᬊ䲚ֵᙃDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦᰃ㒣䖛㾘ߦᄤ䖛ࠊᅮߎᴹⱘDŽ䖭ѯ䖛䖬䆚߿ǃᯢ⹂ᅠ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䌍⫼ˈᅝᥦ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈݙ⌏ࡼⱘᯊ䯈DŽথ⦄ᮄⱘ乍Ⳃֵᙃᯊˈህ䆚߿㾷އᮄথ⦄ⱘձ䌪݇㋏ǃ㽕∖ǃ亢䰽ǃᴎӮǃ؛䆒ࠊ㑺㋴DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ㓈ᗻ㽕∖ϡᮁഄ䞡ড作ˈҹՓߚᵤᎹ䞣ϡᮁࡴDŽ䱣ⴔᬊ䲚њ㾷ࠄⱘ乍Ⳃֵᙃ⡍ᕕⱘࡴˈህৃ㛑㽕䞛পৢ㒻㸠ࡼDŽ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳ䯈থ⫳ⱘᕅડⱘবህᖙ乏䞡ᮄ䅸䆚ϔϾϾ㾘ߦ䖛ˈ⫮㟇ਃࡼ䖛DŽডՓ⫼Ͼ㾘ߦ䖛ⱘ乥⥛гফࠄᕅડDŽ՟བˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦᰃ㾘ߦ䖛㒘ⱘ៤ᵰПϔˈ݊䞡⚍ᰃⷨお㣗ೈǃᡔᴃǃ亢䰽䌍⫼ⱘ᠔᳝ᮍ䴶DŽ乍Ⳃᠻ㸠ᳳ䯈ᡍޚⱘব㗠থ⫳ⱘᮄህ᳝ৃ㛑ᰒ㨫ᕅડ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘϾ䚼ߚDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦᮄ⒵䎇⹂ᅮⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈᭈԧ㽕∖ᮍ䴶ᦤ催њ䖯ᑺǃ䌍⫼䌘⑤㽕∖ⱘ㊒⹂ᑺDŽᮄৃ㛑ሔ䰤ѢϢԧ䰊↉ⱘᠻ㸠Ⳍ㘨㋏ⱘ⌏ࡼ䯂乬DŽՓ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䗤ℹ䆺㒚ˈ䗤ℹ⏅ܹⱘᮍ⊩ᐌᐌিخĀ⒮ࡼᓣ㾘ߦāˈ㸼ᯢ㾘ߦᰃ䞡ⱘ䖲㓁䖛˄㾕3-7˅DŽ乍Ⳃ㾘ߦ䖛Ёˈ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᑨᔧḍᇍ乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃ㒧ᵰⱘᕅડᇣˈ䙔䇋᠔᳝᳝݇ⱘ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙খϢDŽЎ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦঞ݊ӏԩ䚼ߚ䅵ߦЁ᠔䳔ⱘⶹ䆚ᡔ㛑ˈ᠔ҹ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᑨᔧࡴҹ߽⫼DŽ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᖙ乏߯䗴֓Ѣ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ߎ䋵⤂ⱘ⦃๗DŽ⬅Ѣড作Ϣ㒚࣪䖛ϡ㛑᮴ℶ๗ഄᢪᓊϟএˈᑨᣝ㒘㒛⹂ᅮⱘᑣᶹᯢᑨᔧ㒧ᴳ㾘ߦ䖛ⱘᯊᴎDŽ䖭㉏ᑣফ乍Ⳃᗻ䋼ǃ᮶ᅮⱘ乍Ⳃ䖍⬠ǃ䗖ᔧⱘⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ⌏ࡼˈҹঞ乍Ⳃ᠔໘ⱘ⦃๗ⱘᕅડDŽ㾘ߦ䖛㒘ݙ䖛П䯈ⱘ݊Ҫ݇㋏পއѢ乍Ⳃⱘᗻ䋼DŽ՟བˈᶤѯ乍Ⳃˈা᳝㾘ߦⱘ䚼ߚᅠ៤Пৢᠡ䆚߿ߎ亢䰽DŽ䖭ᯊˈ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ৃ㛑ᠡᛣ䆚ࠄ䌍⫼䖯ᑺⳂᷛ䖛ѢФ㾖ˈ⬅ℸӮᏺᴹ↨ҹࠡⱘᛇ䈵ᕫⱘ亢䰽DŽড㾘ߦ䖛ⱘ㒧ᵰᔧ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘᮄ㗠㹿䆄ᔩϟᴹDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜462004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㒘㣗ೈㅵ⧚㣗ೈᅮН . 3() () 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᅮНਃࡼ䖛㒘 () () ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ࠊᎹᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤ߚ㾷㒧ᵘ Ԅㅫ () () () 䌍⫼Ԅㅫ亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ ⌏ࡼᥦᑣ () () () 䌍⫼乘ㅫ 亢䰽䆚߿() () ࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼Ҏ䌘⑤ 㾘ߦ() ᅮᗻ亢䰽ߚᵤ() () ᠻ㸠䖛㒘䋼䞣㾘ߦᅮ䞣亢䰽ߚᵤ () () ≳䗮㾘ߦ () থࣙ㾘ߦ䞛䌁㾘ߦ 㒧ሒ䖛㒘 () () 亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ () 䇈ᯢ˖≵᳝ᇚ䖛䯈ⱘ᠔᳝ⱘѦⳌ⫼ҹঞ᭄⌕㸼⼎ߎᴹDŽ3-7˖㾘ߦ䖛㒘㾘ߦ䖛㒘䗮䖛Ͼ䖛ࡴᖿ乍Ⳃⱘ㾘ߦDŽϟ䴶ⱘ⏙ऩ߫ߎ乍Ⳃಶ䯳㾘ߦ䖛Ёᑨ㗗㰥ⱘϾ䖛ˈҹ֓އᅮᰃ৺䳔㽕ᑊ䳔㽕ᯊއᅮᑨ⬅ԩҎᅠ៤䖭ѯ䖛DŽ㾘ߦ䖛㒘ࣙᣀབϟ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛˖®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 47
ϝゴ 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䖛 .1ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䖭ᰃ⹂ᅮǃ㓪ࠊ᠔᳝䚼ߚ䅵ߦˈᑊᇚ݊㓐ড়ण䇗Ў乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦᰃ᳝݇乍Ⳃབԩ㾘ߦǃᠻ㸠ǃⲥ㾚Ϣࠊˈҹঞ㒧ᴳⱘᴀֵᙃᴹ⑤DŽձ៤ᵰ.1߱ℹ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛.3џϮ⦃๗㋴.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ㸼3-3˖ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .2㣗ೈ㾘ߦ䖭ᰃࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦˈᇚབԩ⹂ᅮǃḌᅲࠊ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈˈҹঞབԩᓎゟࠊᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1џϮ⦃๗㋴.1乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.3乍Ⳃゴ.4߱ℹ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.5乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㸼3-4˖㣗ೈ㾘ߦ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜482004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.3㣗ೈᅮН䖭ᰃࠊᅮ䆺㒚ⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦˈЎᇚᴹⱘ乍Ⳃއㄪ༴ᅮ⸔᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.1乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.2乍Ⳃゴ.2䇋∖ⱘব߱ℹ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.5ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖㸼3-5˖㣗ೈᅮН˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .4ࠊᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䖭ᰃᇚ乍ⳂЏ㽕ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ乍ⳂᎹߚ㾷Ў䕗ᇣˈᯧѢㅵ⧚ⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚ᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.1乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.2乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˄ᮄ˅.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ.4ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.3Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼.4㣗ೈޚ.5乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.6ব䇋∖㸼3-6˖ࠊᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .5 ⌏ࡼᅮН䖭ᰃ䆚߿ЎњᦤѸ⾡ḋ乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰ㗠䳔㽕ⱘԧ⌏ࡼ᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1џϮ⦃๗㋴.1⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2⌏ࡼሲᗻ.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.3䞠⏙ऩ.4Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ.4䇋∖ⱘব.5Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼.6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㸼3-7˖⌏ࡼᅮН˖ձϢ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 49
ϝゴ 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䖛 .6 ⌏ࡼᥦᑣ䖭ᰃ䆚߿Ϣ䆄䕑䅵ߦ⌏ࡼП䯈ⱘ䘏䕥݇㋏᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.1乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰.2⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ.2⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ˄ᮄ˅.3⌏ࡼሲᗻ.3⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄ᮄ˅.4䞠⏙ऩ.4䇋∖ⱘব.5ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖㸼3-8˖⌏ࡼᥦᑣ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .7⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ䖭ᰃԄㅫ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䳔㽕ⱘ䌘⑤㉏ൟϢ᭄䞣᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1џϮ⦃๗㋴.1⌏ࡼ䌘⑤㽕∖.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄ᮄ˅.3⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ.3䌘⑤ߚ㾷㒧ᵘ.4⌏ࡼሲᗻ.4䌘⑤᮹ग़˄ᮄ˅.5ৃ߽⫼ⱘ䌘⑤ᚙމ.5䇋∖ⱘব.6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㸼3-9˖⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .8⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ䖭ᰃԄㅫᅠ៤䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䳔㽕ⱘऩԡᎹᯊ䯈᭄Ⳃ᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1џϮ⦃๗㋴.1⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄ᮄ˅.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.4⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ.5⌏ࡼሲᗻ.6⌏ࡼ䌘⑤㽕∖.7䌘⑤᮹ग़.8乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦx亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠx⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ㸼3-10˖⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜502004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.9ࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼䖭ᰃߚᵤ⌏ࡼ乎ᑣǃᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ǃ䌘⑤㽕∖ˈҹঞ䖯ᑺࠊ㑺㋴ˈࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.1乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼.2乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.2䖯ᑺൟ᭄.3⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ.3䖯ᑺޚ.4⌏ࡼሲᗻ.4䌘⑤㽕∖˄ᮄ˅.5乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰.5⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄ᮄ˅.6⌏ࡼ䌘⑤㽕∖.6乍Ⳃ᮹ग़˄ᮄ˅.7䌘⑤᮹ग़.7ব䳔∖.8⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ.8乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.9乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦx䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅x亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ㸼3-11˖ࠊ䅶䖯ᑺ㸼˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .10䌍⫼Ԅㅫ䖭ᰃЎপᕫᅠ៤乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼ᠔䳔⾡䌘⑤ⱘ䌍⫼乱䖥Ԑؐ᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1џϮ⦃๗㋴.1⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ䕙.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкࡽ.4Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ.5Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼䇈ᯢ.6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.3ব䇋∖x䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦxҎਬ䜡ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄x䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦᮄ˅(亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ㸼3-12˖䌍⫼Ԅㅫ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .11䌍⫼乘ㅫ䖭ᰃ∛ᘏऩϾ⌏ࡼᎹ㒚ⳂⱘԄㅫ䌍⫼ˈࠊᅮ䌍⫼ޚ᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.1䌍⫼ޚ.2Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ.2乍Ⳃ䌘䞥㽕∖.3Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡.3䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄∛㸼ᮄ˅.4⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ.4ব䇋∖.5⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ䕙ࡽ䇈ᯢ.6乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼㸼3-13˖䌍⫼乘ㅫ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 51
ϝゴ 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䖛 .12䋼䞣㾘ߦ䖭ᰃ䆚߿ાѯ䋼䞣ᷛޚϢᴀ乍Ⳃ᳝݇ᑊ⹂ᅮབԩ䖒ࠄ䖭ѯᷛޚ㽕∖᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1џϮ⦃๗㋴.1䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2䋼䞣⌟䞣ᷛޚ.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.3䋼䞣Ḍᇍ㸼.4乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4䖛ᬍ䖯䅵ߦ.5䋼䞣ޚ.6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅㸼3-14˖䋼䞣㾘ߦ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .13Ҏ䌘⑤㾘ߦ䖭ᰃ䆚߿乍Ⳃ㾦㡆ǃ䋷ӏǃਞ݇㋏ᑊᇚ݊ᔶ៤᭛ӊˈҹঞࠊᅮҎਬ䜡ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1џϮ⦃๗㋴.1㾦㡆Ϣ䋷ӏ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2乍Ⳃ㒘㒛.3乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.3Ҏਬ䜡ㅵ⧚䅵ߦx⌏ࡼ䌘⑤㽕∖㸼3-15˖Ҏ䌘⑤㾘ߦ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .14≳䗮㾘ߦ䖭ᰃ⹂ᅮ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘֵᙃϢ≳䗮䳔㽕᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1џϮ⦃๗㋴.1≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.4乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦxࠊ㑺㋴x؛䆒㸼3-16˖≳䗮㾘ߦ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜522004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.15亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ䖭ᰃއᅮབԩᇍᕙǃ㾘ߦᠻ㸠乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚⌏ࡼ᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1џϮ⦃๗㋴.1亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.4乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㸼3-17˖亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .16亢䰽䆚߿䖭ᰃ⹂ᅮાѯ亢䰽ৃ㛑ᕅડࠄᴀ乍Ⳃᑊᇚ݊⡍ᕕᔶ៤᭛ӊ᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1џϮ⦃๗㋴.1亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.4亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.5乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㸼3-18˖亢䰽䆚߿˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .17ᅮᗻ亢䰽ߚᵤ䖭ᰃЎҹৢ䖯ϔℹߚᵤ䞛প㸠ࡼ㗠Ԅ䅵亢䰽থ⫳ὖ⥛ᇣϢৢᵰᑊᇚϸ㗙㒧ড়䍋ᴹˈ䖯㗠⹂ᅮ亢䰽䞡㽕ᗻᇣ᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.1亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ˄ᮄ˅.2乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.3亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ㸼3-19˖ᅮᗻ亢䰽ߚᵤ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 53
ϝゴ 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䖛 .18ᅮ䞣亢䰽ߚᵤ䖭ᰃᇍᏆ㒣䆚߿ⱘ亢䰽ᇍ乍ⳂᘏԧⳂᷛⱘᕅડ䖯㸠᭄ؐߚᵤ᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.1亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ˄ᮄ˅.2乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.3亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ.5乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦx乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦx乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㸼3-20˖ᅮ䞣亢䰽ߚᵤ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .19亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ䖭ᰃЎᅲ⦄乍ⳂⳂᷛࡴᴎӮˈޣᇥ࿕㚕ࠊᅮৃկ䗝ᢽⱘ㸠ࡼᮍḜ㗠ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ˄ᮄ˅.2亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ.2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.3ৠ亢䰽᳝݇ⱘড়ৠण䆂㸼3-21˖亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .20䞛䌁Ϣᕕ䌁㾘ߦ䖭ᰃЎ⹂ᅮ䞛䌁ᕕ䌁ԩ⠽ˈҹঞԩᯊϢབԩ䞛䌁ᕕ䌁᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1џϮ⦃๗㋴.1䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2ড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢк.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.3㞾ࠊ䌁އㄪ.4Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ.5Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼.4ব䇋∖.6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦx亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠxϢ亢䰽᳝݇ⱘড়ৠण䆂(䌘⑤㽕∖(乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ㸼3-22˖䞛䌁Ϣᕕ䌁㾘ߦ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜542004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.21থࣙ㾘ߦ䖭ᰃЎ⹂ᅮ䞛䌁ᕕ䌁ԩ⠽ˈҹঞԩᯊϢབԩ䞛䌁ᕕ䌁᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1䞛䌁᭛ӊ.1䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2䆘Ӌᷛޚড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢк.3ড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢк˄ᮄ˅.3㞾ࠊ䌁އㄪ.4乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ(亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ(Ϣ亢䰽᳝݇ⱘড়ৠण䆂(䌘⑤㽕∖x乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼㸼3-23˖থࣙ㾘ߦ˖ձϢ៤ᵰᠻ㸠䖛㒘ᠻ㸠䖛㒘⬅ᅠ៤乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁ⹂ᅮⱘᎹˈ⒵䎇乍Ⳃ㽕∖ⱘϾᄤ䖛㒘៤ⱘDŽ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᑨᔧ⹂ᅮ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ԧⱘ乍Ⳃ䳔㽕݊Ёⱘાѯᄤ䖛DŽ䖭ϔ䖛㒘ϡԚ⫼Ѣᣝ✻乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㒳ϔᑊᅲᮑ乍Ⳃⱘ⌏ࡼˈ㗠Ϩ䖬ण䇗ҎϢ䌘⑤DŽ䆹䖛㒘䖬໘⧚乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкЁᯢ⹂ⱘ㣗ೈˈᅲᮑ㒣䖛ᡍޚⱘব˄㾕3-8˅DŽᅲᮑ䋼䞣ֱ䆕 ਃࡼ䖛㒘()ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㒘㒘ᓎ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ () ᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᠻ㸠 ()乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤᓎ䆒ֵᙃߚথ . () ()㒧ሒ䖛㒘䇋∖पᮍಲᑨपЏ䗝ᢽ㾘ߦ䖛㒘 (12().3)䇈ᯢ˖ᑊᇚ䖛П䯈ⱘⳌѦ݇㋏᭄⌕䛑㸼⼎ߎᴹDŽ3-8˖ᠻ㸠䖛㒘®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 55
ϝゴ 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䖛ℷᐌⱘᠻ㸠أᏂ᳝ᯊ㽕∖䞡ᮄ㾘ߦ乍Ⳃⱘᶤѯᮍ䴶DŽৃ㛑ߎ⦄أᏂⱘ᳝⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ǃ䌘⑤⫳ѻ⥛Ϣԭ㔎᳒乘᭭ࠄⱘ亢䰽DŽϞ䗄أᏂϡϔᅮᕅડ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦˈԚৃ㛑㽕∖䖯㸠ᶤ⾡ߚᵤDŽߚᵤⱘ㒧ᵰৃ㛑ᓩথᶤϔব䇋∖ˈϔᮺᡍޚ䖭ϔব䇋∖ˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦህᕫׂᬍˈ⫮㟇䖬㽕⹂ゟᮄޚDŽ乍Ⳃ乘ㅫⱘ㒱䚼ߚ䛑㗫䌍ሲѢᠻ㸠䖛㒘ⱘϾ䖛ПЁDŽᠻ㸠䖛㒘ࣙᣀབϟ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛˖ .1ᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᠻ㸠䖭ᰃЎᣛᇐᄬѢ乍ⳂЁ⾡ḋᡔᴃ㒘㒛⬠䴶ˈᠻ㸠乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁ⹂ᅮⱘᎹ᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛DŽᔧ䖛ᣝ✻乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦᅲᮑৢ᳝њ៤ᵰᯊˈৃѸҬ៤ᵰгህѻ⫳њDŽᇚ᳝݇ৃѸҬ៤ᵰᅠ៤⢊މϢᏆ㒣ᅠ៤њાѯᎹⱘֵᙃᬊ䲚䍋ᴹˈሲѢ乍Ⳃᠻ㸠ⱘϔ䚼ߚˈᰃ䖯ሩਞ䖛ⱘձDŽձ៤ᵰ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ.2ᡍޚⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.2ব䇋∖.3ᡍޚⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼ.3ᅲᮑⱘব䇋∖.4ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.4ᅲᮑⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.5ᡍޚⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ.5ᅲᮑⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼ.6⹂䅸ⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ.6ᅲᮑⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ.7䖯ሩਞ.7Ꮉᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃ㸼3-24˖ᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᠻ㸠˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .2ᅲᮑ䋼䞣ֱ䆕䖭ᰃЎᣝ✻䅵ߦᓔሩ㋏㒳ⱘ䋼䞣⌏ࡼˈ⹂ֱ乍ⳂՓ⫼᠔᳝ᖙ㽕ⱘ䖛ҹ֓⒵䎇㽕∖㗠ᖙ乏䖯㸠ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1ব䇋∖.2䋼䞣⌟䞣ޚ.2ᓎ䆂ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.3䖛ᬍ䖯䅵ߦ.3㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.4Ꮉᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃ.4乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.5ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.6䋼䞣ࠊ⌟䞣.7ᅲᮑⱘব䇋∖.8ᅲᮑⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.9ᅲᮑⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ.10 ᅲᮑⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼ㸼3-25˖ᣛᅲᮑ䋼䞣ֱ䆕˖ձϢ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜562004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.3㒘ᓎ乍Ⳃಶ䯳䖭ᰃЎপᕫᅠ៤乍Ⳃ᠔䳔㽕ⱘҎ䌘⑤㗠ᖙ乏䖯㸠ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1џϮ⦃๗㋴.1乍ⳂҎਬߚ⌒.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2䌘⑤ⱘԭ㔎ᚙމ㾦㡆Ϣ䋷ӏ.3Ҏਬ䜡ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4乍Ⳃ㒘㒛˄ᮄ˅.5Ҏਬ䜡ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㸼3-26˖㒘ᓎ乍Ⳃಶ䯳˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .4乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᓎ䆒䖭ᰃЎᬍಶ䯳៤ਬ㚰ӏ㛑ҹঞᕐℸП䯈ⱘ䜡ড়ˈᦤ催乍ⳂϮ㒽㗠ᖙ乏䖯㸠ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1乍ⳂҎਬߚ⌒.1ಶ䯳Ϯ㒽䆘Ӌ.2Ҏਬ䜡ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.3䌘⑤ⱘԭ㔎ᚙމ㸼3-27˖乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᓎ䆒˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .5ֵᙃߚথ䖭ᰃЎ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ঞᯊᦤկֵᙃ㗠ᖙ乏䖯㸠ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ .1 㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2ব䇋∖㸼3-28˖ֵᙃߚথ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 57
ϝゴ 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䖛 .6䇋∖पᮍಲᑨ䖭ᰃЎপᕫֵᙃǃӋǃᡩᷛкǃ㽕㑺ᓎ䆂к㗠乏䖯㸠ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.1ড়Ḑपᮍৡऩ.2䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2䞛䌁᭛ӊࣙ.3䞛䌁᭛ӊ.3ᓎ䆂к㸼3-29˖䇋∖पᮍಲᑨ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .7पᮍ䗝ᢽ䖭ᰃᅵᶹӋкˈ┰ⱘपЏ䯈䗝ᢽˈᑊϢपᮍ䇜߸к䴶ড়ৠ㗠乏䖯㸠ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.1䗝ᅮⱘपЏ.2䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2ড়ৠ.3䆘Ӌᷛޚ.3ড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4䞛䌁᭛ӊࣙ.4䌘⑤ⱘԭ㔎ᚙމ.5ᓎ䆂к.5䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.6ড়ḐⱘपЏৡऩ.6ব䇋∖.7乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦx亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠxϢ亢䰽᳝݇ⱘড়ৠण䆂к㸼3-30˖पᮍ䗝ᢽ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜582004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㒘ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㒘⬅㾖ᆳ乍Ⳃⱘᠻ㸠ˈҹ֓ঞᯊ䆚߿┰ⱘ䯂乬ᑊᖙ㽕ᯊ㛑䞛প㑴ℷ㸠ࡼˈҹࠊ乍ⳂⱘϾ䖛㒘៤DŽ䖭Ͼ䖛㒘䞡㽕ད໘ᰃ㾖ᆳᑊᅮᳳ⌟䞣њ乍Ⳃⱘᅲᮑᚙމˈҹ֓䆚߿乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦᠻ㸠ЁⱘأᏂDŽⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㒘䖬ࣙᣀࠊবˈᑊৃ㛑থ⫳ⱘ䯂乬Пࠡ乘ܜᓎ䆂乘䰆㸠ࡼDŽⲥ3㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㒘ࣙᣀⱘ䖛᳝˖xᇍ✻乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ乍Ⳃᅲᮑޚᴹⲥ㾚ℷ䖯㸠ⴔⱘ乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼ˗xᇍ㛑ོᭈԧবࠊⱘ㋴ᮑࡴᕅડˈҹخࠄҙᅲᮑ㒣䖛ᡍޚⱘবDŽ䖭⾡䖲㓁ⱘⲥ㾚Փ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᕫҹ⋲ᆳᭈϾ乍Ⳃⱘعᒋ⢊މˈᑊᇚ䳔㽕ࡴ⊼ᛣⱘϾᮍ䴶さᰒߎᴹDŽⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㒘ϡҙⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㒘ݙخⱘᎹˈ㗠Ϩ䖬ⲥ㾚ϢࠊᭈϾ乍ⳂⱘࡾDŽ䰊↉乍ⳂЁˈⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㒘䖬Ўᅲᮑ㑴ℷ乘䰆㸠ࡼՓ乍Ⳃֱᣕ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㽕∖ⱘ⢊ᗕ㗠乍Ⳃ䰊↉П䯈ᦤկড作DŽᔧأᏂᤳᆇњ乍ⳂⱘⳂᷛᯊˈህᇚ݊㾚ЎׂᬍⱘĀ䅵ߦ-ᅲᮑ-Ẕᶹ-㸠ࡼāᕾ⦃ⱘϔϾ⦃㡖䞡ᮄᅵ㾚㾘ߦ䖛㒘ݙⱘ᳝݇乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛DŽᅵ㾚ⱘ㒧ᵰৃ㛑ᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘᮄᓎ䆂DŽ՟བˈⓣᥝ⌏ࡼᅠ៤᮹ᳳৃ㛑㽕䇗ᭈᔧࠡⱘҎਬ䜡䅵ߦǃ䴴ࡴ⧁ᓹ㸹ˈ㗙乘ㅫ䖯ᑺⳂᷛП䯈ᴗ㸵DŽ3-9㸼⼎њᴀ䖛㒘ݙ䖛П䯈㟇݇䞡㽕ⱘϾⳌѦ݇㋏DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 59
ϝゴ 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䖛㣗ೈḌᅲ () 㣗ೈࠊਃࡼ䖛㒘 () 䖯ᑺࠊ ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ() 乍ⳂᎹ () 䌍⫼ࠊ () ᅲᮑ䋼䞣ࠊ () 㒧ሒ䖛㒘㾘ߦ䖛㒘ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ () ᭈԧবࠊ 䖯ሩਞ() () ㅵ⧚߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙 () 亢䰽ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊᠻ㸠䖛㒘 () ড়ৠㅵ⧚ () 䇈ᯢ˖ᇚ䖛䯈ⱘ᠔᳝ⳌѦ݇㋏Ϣ᭄⌕㸼⼎ߎᴹDŽ3-9˖ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㒘ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㒘ࣙᣀབϟ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛˖®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜602004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.1ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ乍ⳂᎹ䖭ᰃᬊ䲚ǃ⌟䞣ǃᬷথᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃˈᑊ䆘Ӌ⌟䞣㒧ᵰԄ䅵䍟ҹᬍ䖯䖛㗠䳔㽕䖯㸠ⱘ䖛DŽ䆹䖛ࣙᣀ⹂ֱሑᮽ䆚߿亢䰽ˈਞ݊⢊ᗕᑊᅲᮑⳌᑨ亢䰽䅵ߦⱘ亢䰽ⲥ㾚DŽ亢䰽ⲥ㾚ࣙᣀ⢊މਞǃ䖯ሩ⌟䞣乘⌟DŽ䖯ሩਞᦤկњ᳝݇乍Ⳃ㣗ೈǃ䖯ᑺǃ䌍⫼ǃ䌘⑤ǃ䋼䞣Ϣ亢䰽ᮍ䴶ⱘᅲᮑᚙ3މⱘֵᙃDŽձ៤ᵰ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.2Ꮉᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃ.2㤤ⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼ.3ᢦ㒱ⱘব䇋∖.3乘⌟.4㤤ⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ.5ব䇋∖㸼3-31˖ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ乍ⳂᎹ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .2ᭈԧবࠊ䖭ᰃࠊ䗴៤বⱘ㋴ˈ⹂ֱবᏺᴹ᳝Ⲟৢᵰˈ߸ᮁবᰃ৺Ꮖ㒣থ⫳ˈব⹂Ꮖথ⫳ᑊᕫࠄᡍޚᯊᇍ݊ࡴҹㅵ⧚᠔䳔㽕ⱘ䖛DŽ䆹䖛Ң乍ⳂਃࡼⳈࠄ乍Ⳃ㒧ᴳ䌃こྟ㒜DŽձ៤ᵰ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.2ব䇋∖.2ᢦ㒱ⱘব䇋∖.3Ꮉᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃ.3乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.4㤤ⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼ.4乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.5㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ˄ᮄ˅.6㤤ⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ.5ᡍޚⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.7ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ.6ᡍޚⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼ.7ᡍޚⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ.8⹂䅸ⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ.9ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ㸼3-32˖ᭈԧবࠊ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 61
ϝゴ 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䖛 .3㣗ೈḌᅲ䖭ᰃℷᓣ偠ᬊᏆ㒣ᅠ៤ⱘ乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰ䳔㽕䖯㸠ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.1偠ᬊⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰ.2Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼.2ব䇋∖.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.3㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.4ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ㸼3-33˖㣗ೈḌᅲ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .4㣗ೈࠊ䖭ᰃࠊ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈব䳔㽕ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.1乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.2Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄ᮄ˅.3Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼.2Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄ᮄ˅.4乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.3Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼.5䖯ሩਞ˄ᮄ˅.6ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.4㣗ೈޚ˄ᮄ˅.7Ꮉᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃ.5ব䇋∖.6ᡍޚⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.7㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.8乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅㸼3-34˖㣗ೈࠊ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .5䖯ᑺࠊ䖭ᰃࠊ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺব䳔㽕ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1䖯ᑺൟ᭄˄ᮄ˅.2䖯ᑺޚ.2䖯ᑺޚ˄ᮄ˅.3䖯ሩਞ.3䖯ሩ⌟䞣.4ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.4ব䇋∖.5㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.6㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.7⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ˄ᮄ˅.8⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄ᮄ˅.9乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅㸼3-35˖䖯ᑺࠊ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜622004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.6䌍⫼ࠊ䖭ᰃᇍ䗴៤أᏂⱘ㋴ᮑࡴᕅડˈᑊࠊ乍Ⳃ乘ㅫ䳔㽕ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1䌍⫼ޚ.1䌍⫼Ԅㅫ˄ᮄ˅.2乍Ⳃ䌘䞥㽕∖.2䌍⫼ޚ˄ᮄ˅䖯ሩਞ.3䖯ሩ⌟䞣.4Ꮉᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃ.4ᅠ៤ᯊᚙމⱘ乘⌟.5ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.5ব䇋∖.6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.6㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.7㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.8乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅㸼3-36˖䌍⫼ࠊ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .7ᅲᮑ䋼䞣ࠊ䖭ᰃⲥ㾚ԧⱘ乍Ⳃ㒧ᵰˈ߸ᮁᰃ৺ヺড়᳝݇䋼䞣ᷛޚᑊᇏᡒࡲ⊩⍜䰸ᅲᮑ㒧ᵰ䖒ᷛⱘॳ᠔䳔㽕ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1䋼䞣ࠊ⌟䞣㒧ᵰ.2䋼䞣⌟䞣ሎᑺ.2⹂䅸ⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ.3䋼䞣Ḍᇍ㸼.3䋼䞣ޚ.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.4㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.5Ꮉᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃ.5㤤ⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼ.6ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.6ব䇋∖.7ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ.7㤤ⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ.9⹂䅸ⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰ.10 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅㸼3-37˖ᅲᮑ䋼䞣ࠊ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .8ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃಶ䯳䖭ᰃ⊼㾚ಶ䯳៤ਬⱘ㸼⦄ˈᦤկড作ˈ㾷އ䯂乬ᑊण䇗ব࣪ҹ֓ᔎ乍Ⳃᠻ㸠ᬜᵰⱘᖙ㽕䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.1ব䇋∖.2乍ⳂҎਬߚ⌒.2㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.3㾦㡆Ϣ䋷ӏ.3㤤ⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼ.4乍Ⳃ㒘㒛.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.5Ҏਬ䜡ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.5乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.6ಶ䯳Ϯ㒽䆘Ӌ.7Ꮉᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃ.8䖯ሩਞ㸼3-38˖ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃಶ䯳˖ձϢ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 63
ϝゴ 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䖛 .9䖯ሩਞ䖭ᰃᬊ䲚Ϣߚথᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃⱘᖙ㽕䖛ˈ݊Ёࣙᣀ⢊ᗕਞǃ䖯ሩ⌟䞣Ϣ乘⌟DŽձ៤ᵰ.1Ꮉᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃ.1䖯ሩਞ.2ᅲᮑᚙމ⌟䞣㒧ᵰ.2乘⌟.3ᅠ៤ᯊᚙމⱘ乘⌟.3ব䇋∖.4䋼䞣ࠊ⌟䞣㒧ᵰ.4㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.5乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.5㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅xᅲᮑᚙމ⌟䞣ޚ.6ᡍޚⱘব.7ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ㸼3-39˖䖯ሩਞ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .10ㅵ⧚߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙䖭ᰃㅵ⧚Ϣ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ≳䗮ˈ⒵䎇݊㽕∖ᑊ㾷އ݊䯂乬ⱘᖙ㽕䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1ᕫࠄ㾷އⱘ䯂乬.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.3ᡍޚⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.5乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅㸼3-40˖ㅵ⧚߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙˖ձϢ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜642004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.11亢䰽ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖭ᰃᭈϾ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳݙ䎳䏾Ꮖ㒣䆚߿ⱘ亢䰽ǃⲥ㾚⅟ԭ亢䰽ˈ䆚߿ᮄⱘ亢䰽ˈᅲᮑ亢䰽ᑨᇍ䅵ߦᑊ䆘Ӌ᳝݊ᬜᗻⱘⱘᖙ㽕䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ˄ᮄ˅.2亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ.2ব䇋∖.3ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.3㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.4Ꮉᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃ.4㤤ⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼ.5䖯ሩਞ.5㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅㸼3-41˖亢䰽ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .12ড়ৠㅵ⧚䖭ᰃЎㅵ⧚ড়ৠҹঞфपঠᮍП䯈݇㋏˗ᅵᶹᑊ䆄䕑पᮍሹ㸠ড়ৠⱘ㸼⦄ሹ㸠ⱘ㒧ᵰˈᑊᖙ㽕ᯊㅵ⧚ৠ乍Ⳃ䚼фЏП䯈ⱘড়ৠ݇㋏᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛DŽձ៤ᵰ.1ড়ৠ.1ড়ৠ᭛ӊ.2ড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2ব䇋∖.3䗝ᅮⱘपЏ.3㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.4䖯ሩਞ.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.5ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.5乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅x䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦxড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㸼3-42˖ড়ৠㅵ⧚˖ձϢ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 65
ϝゴ 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䖛㒧ሒ䖛㒘㒧ሒ䖛㒘ࣙᣀℷᓣ㒧ᴳ乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃ䰊↉ⱘ᠔᳝⌏ࡼˈᇚᅠ៤ⱘ៤ᵰѸϢҪҎ㒧ᴳᏆপ⍜ⱘ乍ⳂⱘϾ䖛DŽ䖭ϔ䖛㒘ϔᮺᅠ៤ˈህ䆕ᅲњ᠔᳝䖛㒘ЁЎ㒧ᴳᶤϔ乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃ䰊↉㗠⹂ᅮⱘϾᖙ㽕䖛ഛᏆᅠ៤ˈᑊℷᓣ㸼ᯢ䆹乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃ䰊↉Ꮖ㒣ᅠ៤DŽ㾕3-10DŽ㾘ߦ䖛㒘㒧ᴳ乍Ⳃ () ᠻ㸠䖛㒘ড়ৠ㒧ሒ () ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㒘3-10˖㒧ሒ䖛㒘®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜662004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
㒧ሒ䖛㒘ࣙᣀϟ߫乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛˖ .1㒧ᴳ乍Ⳃ䖭ᰃЎ᳔㒜ᅠ៤᠔᳝乍Ⳃ䖛㒘ⱘ᠔᳝⌏ࡼˈℷᓣ㒧ᴳ乍Ⳃ䰊↉᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛DŽ3ձ៤ᵰ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1㸠ᬓ㒧ሒᑣ.2ড়ৠ᭛ӊ.2ড়ৠ㒧ሒᑣ.3џϮ⦃๗㋴.3᳔ৢⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ៤ᵰ.5Ꮉᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃ.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.6ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ㸼3-43˖㒧ᴳ乍Ⳃ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ .2ড়ৠ㒧ሒ䖭ᰃЎᅠ៤Ϣ㒧ㅫ↣ϔ乍ড়ৠ᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ䖛ˈࣙᣀ㾷އ᠔᳝䘫⬭䯂乬ᑊ㒧ᴳ↣ϔ乍Ϣᴀ乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃ䰊↉᳝݇ⱘড়ৠDŽձ៤ᵰ.1䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1㒧ᴳⱘড়ৠ.2ড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.3ড়ৠ᭛ӊ.4ড়ৠ㒧ሒᑣ㸼3-44˖ড়ৠ㒧ሒ˖ձϢ៤ᵰ䖛䯈ⳌѦ㘨㋏Ϣ⫼乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘П䯈ҹᅗӀ᠔ѻ⫳ⱘ៤ᵰⳌ㘨㋏DŽϔϾ䖛ⱘ៤ᵰϔ㠀៤Ўϔ䖛ⱘձ៤Ў乍ⳂⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰDŽ㾘ߦ䖛㒘Ўᠻ㸠䖛㒘ᦤկℷᓣⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкˈᑊ䱣ⴔ乍Ⳃⱘ䖯ሩ㒣ᐌᮄ䆹乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦDŽℸˈ䖛㒘ᵕᇥЎᄸゟা䖯㸠ϔⱘџӊ˗ᅗӀᰃᭈϾ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳݙ㞾ྟ㟇㒜䛑ҹϡৠⱘᑺѦⳌ䞡ⱘ⌏ࡼDŽ3-11ᔶ䈵ഄ䇈ᯢњ䖛㒘བԩѦⳌ㘨㋏ˈѦⳌ⫼ˈг㸼⼎њϾϡৠᯊ䯈ѦⳌ䞡ⱘ∈ᑇDŽ㢹ᇚ乍ⳂߦߚЎ䰊↉ˈ߭䖛㒘ϡԚ䰊↉ݙˈ㗠Ϩгৃ㛑䎼䍞䰊↉ⳌѦᕅડˈⳌѦ⫼DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 67
ϝゴ 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䖛ਃࡼ㾘ߦᠻ㸠ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ㒧ሒ䖛㒘䖛㒘䖛㒘䖛㒘䖛㒘䖛㘨㋏ϢⳌѦ⫼ⱘᑺᓔྟᅠ៤ᯊ䯈3-11˖乍Ⳃ䖛㒘ⱘ㘨㋏ϢⳌѦ⫼䖛㒘ঞ݊ᄤ䖛П䯈ˈ䖛ⱘ៤ᵰѦⳌ㘨㋏ˈᑊᕅડ݊Ҫ䖛㒘DŽ՟བˈ㒧ᴳϔϾ䆒䅵䰊↉ህ㽕∖乒ᅶ偠ᬊ䆒䅵᭛ӊDŽ✊ৢˈ䆒䅵᭛ӊህЎᠻ㸠䖛㒘⹂ᅮњѻક䇈ᯢкDŽᔧ乍ⳂߦߚЎ䰊↉ᯊˈৠḋⱘ䖛㒘ϔ㠀乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳⱘ↣ϔ䰊↉䛑䞡ˈᑊ᳝ᬜഄࡼ乍Ⳃᅠ៤DŽ䖛㒘ঞ݊ⳌѦП䯈ⱘ݇㋏㸼⼎3-12ЁDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜682004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㾘ߦ䖛乍Ⳃ䖛㒘ਃࡼ㒧ሒ䖛䖛3ᠻ㸠䖛⫳ੑᳳ䰊↉䰊↉䰊↉䰊↉3-12˖乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘П䯈ⱘϝ㾦݇㋏✊㗠ˈℷབᑊ䴲᠔᳝ⱘ乍Ⳃ䛑䳔㽕᠔᳝ⱘ䖛ϔḋˈ䖛䯈ⱘ᠔᳝ⳌѦ⫼гᑊ䴲䛑᠔᳝ⱘ乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃ䰊↉Ё㸼⦄ߎᴹDŽ՟བ˖xձ䌪Ѣ⣀⡍䌘⑤ⱘ乍Ⳃ˄བଚϮ䕃ӊᓔথǃ⫳⠽ࠊ㥃˅ৃҹ⹂ᅮ㣗ೈПࠡ⹂ᅮ㾦㡆Ϣ䋷ӏˈЎ㛑خҔМপއѢ䇕ৃҹᡓᢙ䖭ϔᎹDŽx䖛ⱘᶤѯձᅲ䰙Ϟᰃࠊ㑺㋴ˈ㗠џܜህᏆ㒣⹂ᅮњDŽ՟བˈ催ሖㅵ⧚Ҏਬ㾘ᅮᅠ៤ᯊ䯈Ⳃᷛˈ㗠ϡᰃ⬅㾘ߦ䖛⹂ᅮᅠ៤᮹ᳳDŽᔎࡴⱘᅠ៤᮹ᳳ㒣ᐌ㽕∖Ң㾘ᅮⱘᅠ៤᮹ᳳᓔྟצᥦ䖯ᑺ㸼ˈᑊ᳝ৃ㛑ࡴ乍Ⳃⱘ亢䰽ǃ䌍⫼ˈᤳᆇ䋼䞣ˈ⫮㟇ᵕッⱘᚙމϟ㽕∖㾘ׂᬍ乍Ⳃⱘ㣗ೈDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㾷㸼3-45㸼⼎њ44Ͼ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛ৠਃࡼǃ㾘ߦǃᠻ㸠ǃࠊ㒧ሒ5Ͼ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘ˈҹঞ9Ͼ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚乚ඳⱘ݇㋏DŽ↣ϔϾᖙ㽕ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛䛑Ϣ䚼ߚ⌏ࡼ᠔ⱘ䖛㒘ᇍᑨ䍋ᴹDŽ՟བˈᔧᶤϾ䗮ᐌሲѢ㾘ߦ䖛㒘ⱘ䖛ᠻ㸠ᳳ䯈䞡ᮄՓ⫼ᮄПৢˈ䆹䖛ҡ✊ᰃ㾘ߦ䖛Ё䖯㸠ⱘৠϔ䖛ˈ㗠ϡᰃⱘᮄ䖛DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 69
ϝゴ 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䖛䖛㕸ⶹ䆚乚ඳਃࡼ㾘ߦᠻ㸠ࠊ㒧ሒ ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴ ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ ᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚ ⲥ乍ⳂᎹ 乍Ⳃᬊሒ4.乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚ 䅵ߦ 乍Ⳃᠻ㸠 ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ ᭈԧবࠊ 㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк 㣗ೈ㾘ߦ 㣗ೈḌᅲ ½ø¶È¿ØÖ5.乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚ 㣗ೈᅮН 㣗ೈࠊ ࠊᅮᎹߚ㾷 㒧ᵘ 䖯ᑺࠊ ⌏ࡼᅮН6.乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚ ⌏ࡼᥦᑣ ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈 Ԅㅫ ࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼 乍Ⳃ៤ᴀԄㅫ 乍Ⳃ៤ᴀࠊ7.乍Ⳃ៤ᴀㅵ⧚ 乍Ⳃ៤ᴀ乘ㅫ 8.乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚ 䋼䞣㾘ߦ 䋼䞣ֱ䆕 䋼䞣ࠊ Ҏ䌘⑤㾘ߦ 乍Ⳃಶ䯳ㅵ⧚ 乍Ⳃಶ䯳㒘ᓎ9.乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ ㅵ⧚ 乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᓎ䆒 ≳䗮㾘ߦ ֵᙃথᏗ 㒽ᬜਞ10.乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚ ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙 ㅵ⧚ 亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ 亢䰽ⲥ⌟ࠊ11.乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ 亢䰽䆚߿ ᅮᗻ亢䰽ߚᵤ ᅮ䞣亢䰽ߚᵤ 亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ 䞛䌁㾘ߦ 䆶Ӌ ড়ৠㅵ⧚ ড়ৠᬊሒ12.乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚ থࣙ㾘ߦ पᮍ䗝ᢽ 㸼3-45˖乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛ǃ䖛㒘Ϣⶹ䆚乚ඳⱘ㾷®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜702004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
III䚼ߚ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚乚ඳϝ䚼ߚᓩ㿔4ゴ乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚5ゴ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚6ゴ乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚7ゴ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚8ゴ乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚9ゴ乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚10ゴ乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚11ゴ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚12ゴ乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚
ϝ䚼ߚ4ᓩ㿔䖛⌕ҟ㒡ⶹ䆚乚ඳⱘゴ˄4㟇12ゴ˅䛑㒬᳝䖛⌕DŽ䆹⌕Ⳉ㾖ǃὖᣀഄሩ⼎ߎԧⶹ䆚乚ඳ᠔᳝䖛乍ձϢ៤ᵰⱘӴ䗦䏃㒓ϢᮍDŽ䆹⌕᠔㸼⦄ⱘ䖭ѯ䖛ˈ㱑✊ᕐℸП䯈᳝⏙Ἦⱘ⬠㒓ˈѦϡ㘨㋏ˈԚᅲ䰙Ϟˈ䖭ѯ䖛ᕐℸѸঝ䞡ˈҹℸ໘ϡ㛑䆺㒚䇈ᯢⱘᮍᓣⳌѦᕅડϢⳌѦ⫼DŽҟ㒡ⶹ䆚乚ඳҟ㒡ⶹ䆚乚ඳ䖛Пゴݙⱘ䖛ゴⱘ䖛䖛䖯ሩᮍ䖛⌕㸼⦄ᴀⱘℹ偸ˈҹঞⳌѦᕅડϢⳌѦ⫼ৃ㛑⏏ࡴ䆌ⳌѦᕅડϢⳌѦ⫼III-1˖䖛⌕՟®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 73
ϝ䚼ߚ ᓩ㿔III-1㾷䞞䖛⌕Փ⫼ⱘヺোˈᑊⳈ㾖ഄ䇈ᯢϝ⾡ֵᙃ˖1.ⶹ䆚乚ඳⱘ䖛ঞ݊Ϣᴀⶹ䆚乚ඳݙ݊Ҫ䖛П䯈ⱘⳌѦᕅડϢⳌѦ⫼ˈҹঞ䖭ѯ䖛կ4ゴᭈԧ䖛Փ⫼ⱘ៤ᵰDŽ2.ⶹ䆚乚ඳПⱘ䖛ঞ݊կ䆹ⶹ䆚乚ඳᔧձՓ⫼ⱘ乍៤ᵰDŽ3.ϔϾ䖛ⱘձ䛑ᰃ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻϢџϮ⦃๗㋴DŽⶹ䆚乚ඳПⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦঞ݊ߚ䅵ߦϢ㒘៤䚼ߚ䛑㸼⼎Ў⌕ϔϾ䖛ⱘձˈᑊ䅸Ўҹৢⱘ䖛䛑ৃҹ䖭ϔձ㒣䖛᳔䖥ⱘᮄПৢࡴҹ߽⫼DŽ⌕Ё㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻϢџϮ⦃๗㋴ᰃϔ䖛ⱘձˈᦤկሲѢ乍ⳂПˈԚৃ㛑ࠄᕅડ乍Ⳃ㾘ߦϢᠻ㸠ⱘֵᙃǃᮍ䩜ϢᑣDŽ䖭ѯ䖛䌘ѻϢџϮ⦃๗㋴ˈҹঞᶤϔⶹ䆚乚ඳ䖛ᔧձՓ⫼ⱘ䚼䖛៤ᵰг䅸Ўҹৢⱘ䖛䛑ৃҹ䖭ѯ៤ᵰ㒣䖛᳔䖥ⱘᮄПৢࡴҹ߽⫼DŽ䆹䖛⌕䆺㒚㒬ࠊˈ≵᳝ᇚৠ᠔᳝䚼䖛᠔᳝ৃ㛑ⱘѸ݇㋏㸼⼎ߎᴹDŽ䆹г≵᳝㸼⼎ߎ䖛ⱘ݊Ҫৃ㛑⌕Ϣ䏃㒓ˈ㗙ԧⶹ䆚乚ඳݙ䖛Ϣ䆹ⶹ䆚乚ඳП䖛П䯈ⱘড作ᓏ䏃DŽ᭄乍Ⳃ᠔᳝ⱘডᗻ䋼ˈՓ䖛⌕ǃ䏃㒓Ϣড作ᓏ䏃ⱘᥦ߫ǃᏗ㕂Ϣ㒬ࠊकߚẬDŽℸˈЎ֓Ѣᥠᦵ䅵ˈ⌕Ё≵᳝㸼⼎䖛ⱘ݊Ҫৃ㛑⌕Ϣ䏃㒓ˈঞ݊ⱘ䞡DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜742004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
㒘៤䚼ߚ乍Ⳃゴ㒘៤䚼ߚ4乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㒘៤䚼ߚ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㒘៤䚼ߚ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㒘៤䚼ߚ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦҎਬ䜡ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㒘៤䚼ߚ≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㒘៤䚼ߚ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㒘៤䚼ߚ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦIII-2˖ϝϾЏ㽕乍Ⳃ᭛ӊˈҹঞৠ݊㒘៤䚼ߚП䯈ⱘ݇㋏®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 75
ϝ䚼ߚ ᓩ㿔乍ⳂЏ㽕᭛ӊ®PMBOKᣛफҟ㒡њϝϾЏ㽕ⱘ乍Ⳃ᭛ӊˈ↣ϔϾ䛑᳝ԧⱘ⫼䗨˖x乍ⳂゴDŽℷᓣḌޚ乍ⳂDŽx乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкDŽ䇈ᯢᑨᅠ៤ԩ⾡Ꮉˈ䳔㽕ᦤѸાѯৃѸҬ៤ᵰDŽx乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦDŽ䇈ᯢབԩᅲ䰙ᅠ៤䖭ѯᎹDŽIII-2㸼⼎ߎ䖭ϝϾ᭛ӊঞ݊ৠ݊㒘៤䚼ߚП䯈ⱘ݇㋏DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ⬅ϡৠ䖛ᅠ៤ⱘ䅵ߦкϢ᭛ӊ㒘៤DŽ䖭ѯ៤ᵰሲѢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘߚ䅵ߦ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜762004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ಯゴ4乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚乚ඳࣙᣀ䆚߿ǃ⹂ᅮǃ㒧ড়ǃ㒳ϔϢण䇗乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘ݙϡৠ䖛Ϣ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⌏ࡼᯊ䳔㽕䖯㸠ⱘ⾡䖛⌏ࡼDŽҢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ㾦ᑺᴹⳟˈĀᭈԧㅵ⧚āݐ᳝㒳ϔǃড়ᑊǃ㒧ড়ᮍ䴶⡍ᕕˈᑊϨࣙᣀЎᅠ៤乍Ⳃˈ⒵䎇乒ᅶϢ݊Ҫ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ㽕∖ˈㅵ⧚ҪӀⱘᳳᳯ㗠ᖙ乏䞛পⱘ䌃こ乍Ⳃᭈԧⱘ㟇݇䞡㽕ⱘ㸠ࡼDŽҢㅵ⧚乍Ⳃⱘ㾦ᑺˈӏԩ㒭ᅮⱘϔˈĀᭈԧㅵ⧚ā䛑㽕Ң⾡䗝ᢽЁއᅮᑨ䲚Ё䌘⑤ࡾП໘ˈ乘䅵┰䯂乬ᑊࡴҹ໘⧚ǃ䙓ܡ᮹ৢᙊ࣪ˈᑊЎњ乍Ⳃⱘᭈԧ߽Ⲟ㗠ण䇗ᎹDŽĀᭈԧㅵ⧚ā䖬ᖙ乏ࡾϾⳌѦކさⱘⳂᷛϢᮍḜП䯈ᴗ㸵প㟡DŽᴀゴ㱑✊ϔ㠀ҹᯢ⹂ⱘ⬠䴶®ᇚ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚Ͼ䖛ߚᓔҟ㒡ˈԚᅲ䏉ЁˈᅗӀҹPMBOKᣛफ᮴⊩ᅠܼ䆺ሑ䯤ᯢⱘᮍᓣѸঝ䞡䗁ᑊⳌѦ⫼DŽϾ䖛ⳌѦᕅડᑊѦⳌ⫼ПᯊˈĀᭈԧㅵ⧚āৃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚Ёথᯢᰒⱘ䞡㽕⫼DŽ՟བˈࠊᅮᑨᗹ䅵ߦⱘ䌍⫼Ԅㅫህ㽕∖ᇚ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚ǃ乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚ˈҹঞ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䖛Ё䆺㒚䇈ᯢⱘ㾘ߦ䖛㒧ড়ЎᭈԧDŽ䆚߿ߎҎਬ䜡ⱘ⾡ḋࡲ⊩ᏺ᳝ⱘ亢䰽ᯊˈᖙ乏䞡ᮄ㗗ᆳϞ䗄ϔϾϾ䖛DŽ乍ⳂⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰг䳔㽕ৠᅲᮑ㒘㒛乒ᅶ㒘㒛ⱘ᮹ᐌϮࡵˈ㗙ৠ㗗㰥ࠄᇚᴹ䯂乬ᴎӮⱘ䭓ᳳ⬹㾘ߦ㒧ড়ЎᭈԧDŽ᭄᳝㒣偠ⱘᅲ䰙乍Ⳃㅵ⧚Ҏਬ䛑ⶹ䘧ˈㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ≵᳝ऩϔⱘࡲ⊩DŽҪӀ䗮䖛ᑨ⫼ϡৠ乎ᑣϢϹḐᑺⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ǃᡔ㛑䖛ˈᴹ䖒ࠄ乍Ⳃ⧚ᛇⱘᬜᵰDŽ✊㗠ˈᔧⳈ㾝Ϟ䅸Ўϡ䳔㽕ᶤϾԧ䖛ᯊˈᑊϡㄝѢህϡᑨࡴҹ㗗㰥DŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚Ϣ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᖙ乏㗗㰥↣ϔϾ䖛ˈᖙ乏䩜ᇍ↣ϔϾ乍Ⳃⱘԧᚙމ⹂ᅮ↣ϔϾ䖛ᅲᮑⱘ∈ᑇDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 77
ಯゴ 乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚ 乍ⳂϢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘᭈԧᗻৃҹ䗮䖛ᗱ㗗Ўᅠ៤乍Ⳃ㗠ᠻ㸠ⱘ݊Ҫ⌏ࡼ㗠ᕫࠄ⏅ࠏⱘ⧚㾷DŽ՟བˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᠻ㸠ⱘᶤѯ⌏ࡼৃ㛑᳝˖xߚᵤ⧚㾷㣗ೈDŽ݊Ёࣙᣀ乍ⳂϢѻક㽕∖ǃޚ߭ǃ؛䆒ǃࠊ㑺㋴Ϣ乍Ⳃ᳝݇ⱘ݊Ҫᕅડˈҹঞབԩ乍ⳂЁㅵ⧚໘⧚Ϟ䗄ⱘ↣ϔϾᮍ䴶DŽxᇚѻક㽕∖ⱘԧޚ߭ᔶ៤᭛ӊDŽ®x⧚㾷བԩ߽⫼PMBOKᣛफЁҟ㒡ⱘ㾘ߦ䖛㒘ᴹ䗝পֵᙃᑊᇚ݊䕀ᤶ៤乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦDŽxޚᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘDŽx䞛প䗖ᔧⱘ㸠ࡼՓ乍Ⳃᣝ✻乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦǃ䅵ߦ㗠ᔶ៤ᭈԧⱘ㢹ᑆ䖛ˈ䅵ߦⱘ㣗ೈ㗠ሩᓔᑊҬ䇌ᅲᮑx⌟䞣ᑊⲥ㾚乍Ⳃ⢊ᗕǃ䖛៤ᵰDŽxߚᵤ乍Ⳃ亢䰽DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘ⱘᄤ䖛П䯈ˈ㒣ᐌডথ⫳㘨㋏DŽ㾘ߦ䖛㒘乍ⳂⱘᮽᳳЎᠻ㸠䖛㒘ᦤկϔӑℷᓣⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦˈ✊ৢ乍Ⳃⱘ䖯ሩথ⫳ব࣪ᯊˈᇍ䆹乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䖯㸠ᮄDŽĀᭈԧㅵ⧚āⱘᴀӏࡵህᰃЎњᣝ✻ᅲᮑ㒘㒛⹂ᅮⱘᑣᅲ⦄乍ⳂⳂᷛˈᇚ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘Ё䳔㽕ⱘϾ䖛᳝ᬜഄᔶ៤ᭈԧDŽ4-1ህᰃЏ㽕乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᭈԧ䖛ⱘὖ䉠DŽ4-2ᰃ䖭ѯ䖛ঞ݊ձǃ៤ᵰˈҹঞ݊Ҫ᳝݇ⶹ䆚乚ඳⱘ⌕DŽᭈԧ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛ࣙᣀ˖ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴ–ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴˈℷᓣᡍޚ乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃ䰊↉DŽᢳᅮ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк–ᢳᅮ߱ℹ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкˈὖᣀഄ䇈ᯢ乍Ⳃⱘ㣗ೈDŽࠊᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ–ᇚ⹂ᅮǃ㓪ݭǃण䇗Ϣ㒘ড়᠔᳝䚼ߚ䅵ߦ᠔䳔㽕ⱘ㸠ࡼᔶ៤᭛ӊˈՓ݊៤Ў乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦDŽᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᠻ㸠–ᠻ㸠乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ᠔⹂ᅮⱘᎹˈᅲ⦄乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк⹂ᅮⱘ乍Ⳃ㽕∖DŽⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ乍ⳂᎹ–ⲥ㾚ࠊ乍Ⳃⱘਃࡼǃ㾘ߦǃᠻ㸠㒧ᴳ䖛ᴹᅲ⦄乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁ⹂ᅮⱘᅲᮑⳂᷛDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜782004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ᭈԧবࠊ–ᅵᶹ᠔᳝ⱘব䇋∖ˈᡍޚবᑊࠊৃѸҬ៤ᵰ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻDŽ乍Ⳃ㒧ሒ – ᳔㒜ᅠ៤᠔᳝乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘ⱘ᠔᳝⌏ࡼˈℷᓣ㒧ᴳ乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃ䰊↉DŽ乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкࠊᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1ձ.1ձ.1ձ.1ড়ৠ˄㢹᳝ᯊ˅.1乍Ⳃゴ.1߱ℹ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.2乍ⳂᎹ䇈ᯢк.2乍ⳂᎹ䇈ᯢк.2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛.3џϮ⦃๗㋴.3џϮ⦃๗㋴.3џϮ⦃๗㋴.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2ᡔᴃϢᎹ.2ᡔᴃϢᎹ.2ᡔᴃϢᎹ.1乍Ⳃ䗝ᢽᮍ⊩.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏.2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏.2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳.2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳.3乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳.3ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.3ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.4ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.3៤ᵰ.3៤ᵰ.3៤ᵰ.1乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1乍ⳂゴᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᠻ㸠ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ乍ⳂᎹᭈԧবࠊ.1ձ.1ձ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1ձ.2ᡍޚⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.2Ꮉᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.3ᡍޚⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼ.3৺އⱘব䇋∖.2⬇䇋ⱘব.4ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.3Ꮉᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃ.2ᡔᴃϢᎹ.5ᡍޚⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ.4㤤ⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼ1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏.6⹂䅸ⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ.5㤤ⱘ㑴ℷᮑ2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳.7㸠ᬓ㒧ሒᑣ.6㤤ⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ3ᅲ⦄Ӌؐᡔᴃ.2ᡔᴃϢᎹ.7ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ4ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏.2ᡔᴃϢᎹ.3៤ᵰ.2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏.1㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.3៤ᵰ.2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳.2㤤ⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼ.1ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ.3ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.3乘⌟.2⬇䇋ⱘব.4㤤ⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ.3៤ᵰ.3ᅲᮑⱘব䇋∖.5⬇䇋ⱘব.1ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.4ᅲᮑⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.2৺އⱘব䇋∖.5ᅲᮑⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼ.3乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.6ᅲᮑⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ.4乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˄ᮄ˅.7Ꮉᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃ.5ᡍޚⱘ㑴ℷᮑ.6ᡍޚⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼ.7ᡍޚⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ乍Ⳃ㒧ሒ.8⹂䅸ⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ.9ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ.2ᡔᴃϢᎹ.1ձ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳.2ড়ৠ᭛ӊ.3ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.3џϮ⦃๗㋴.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.3៤ᵰ.5Ꮉᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃ.1㸠ᬓ㒧ሒᑣ.6ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ.2ড়ৠ㒧ሒᑣ.3᳔㒜ѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰ.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅4-1˖乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚ὖ䉠®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 79
ಯゴ 乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚ 㒘㒛᭛࣪乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳乍ⳂᎹৢҎ䌘⑤䇈ᯢкࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴ乍Ⳃথ䍋ҎџϮ⦃๗㋴ᮍ䩜ǃᑣǃড়ৠ䌲ࡽҎ() ᷛޚǃॳ߭˄བᵰ䗖⫼˅ᯢ⹂ⱘ䖛乍Ⳃゴग़ֵᙃࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ߱ℹপⱘᬭ䆁㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ() 㣗ೈᅮН() 乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ5-12ゴࠊᅮ() 㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ乍Ⳃᠻ㸠䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䖛ᬍ䖯䅵ߦ()Ҏਬ䜡ㅵ⧚䅵ߦৃѸҬ៤ᵰ≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ⬇䇋ⱘব亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦᅲᮑⱘব䇋∖䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦᅲᮑⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼᅲᮑⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼᅲᮑⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥᎹᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ乍ⳂᎹ() ⬇䇋ⱘবᡍޚⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼᡍޚⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼ㤤ⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼᡍޚⱘব䇋∖㤤ⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥᡍޚⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ乘⌟⹂䅸ⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ৺އⱘব䇋∖ড়ৠㅵ⧚ᭈԧবࠊ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅ ড়ৠ᭛ӊ() () 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˄ᮄ˅ৃѸҬ៤ᵰড়ৠ㒧ሒ ড়ৠ㒧ሒᑣ㸠ᬓ㒧ሒᑣ() 㒧ᴳ乍Ⳃ᳔㒜ѻકǃ() ᳡ࡵǃ៤ᵰ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅乒ᅶ䇈ᯢ˖ᇚ䖛䯈ⱘܼ䚼ⳌѦ㘨㋏Ϣ᭄⌕㸼⼎ߎᴹDŽ4-2˖乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚⌕®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜802004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴ乍Ⳃゴᰃℷᓣᡍޚ乍Ⳃⱘ᭛ӊDŽ䆹᭛ӊᥜᴗ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼЁࡼ⫼㒘㒛ⱘ䌘⑤DŽ乍Ⳃᑨሑᮽ䗝ᅮྨ⌒乍Ⳃ㒣⧚DŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ӏԩᯊ䛑ᑨ㾘ߦᓔྟПࠡྨ⌒ˈ᳔དᰃࠊᅮ乍ⳂゴПᯊDŽ乍Ⳃゴᰃ⬅乍Ⳃᅲᮑ㒘㒛䚼ˈ㑻߿䗖ড়ˈЎ乍Ⳃߎ䌘ⱘϔԡ乍Ⳃথ䍋Ҏ䌲ࡽҎㅒথDŽ乍Ⳃ䗮ᐌᰃ⬅乍Ⳃᅲᮑ㒘㒛䚼ⱘӕϮǃᬓᑰᴎᵘǃ݀ৌǃ4䅵ߦ㒘㒛㓐ড়㸠ࡼ㒘㒛ˈߎѢҹϟϔϾϾॳ㗠乕থゴᑊ㒭ќᡍޚ˖xᏖഎ䳔∖˄՟བˈ⬅Ѣ≑⊍ⷁ㔎ˈᶤ≑䔺݀ৌᡍޚࠊ䗴Ԣ⊍㗫≑䔺乍Ⳃ˅DŽx㧹䖤䳔㽕˄՟བˈᶤ䆁݀ৌᡍޚᮄ䆒䇒乍Ⳃˈҹࡴᬊܹ˅DŽxᅶ᠋㽕∖˄՟བˈ⬉Ϯሔᡍޚᮄᓎব⬉キ乍ⳂˈЎᮄᎹϮುऎկ⬉˅DŽxᡔᴃ䖯ℹ˄՟བˈ⬉ᄤ݀ৌ⬉㛥ݙᄬ⬉ᄤᡔᴃᬍ䖯ৢᡍޚⷨࠊᖿǃ֓ᅰᇣⱘᮄ㾚乥␌៣ᴎ乍Ⳃ˅DŽx⊩ᕟ㽕∖˄՟བˈ⊍ⓚॖᡍޚࠊ䅶᳝↦ᴤ᭭Փ⫼乏ⶹ乍Ⳃ˅DŽx⼒Ӯ䳔㽕˄՟བˈᶤথሩЁᆊⱘ䴲ᬓᑰ㒘㒛ᡍޚ䳡х催থ⮙⥛Ԣᬊܹ⼒ऎᦤկ佂⫼∈㋏㒳ǃ३᠔Ϣि⫳ֱعᬭ㚆ⱘ乍Ⳃ˅DŽϞ䗄▔ࢅ㋴জ⿄䯂乬ǃᴎӮˈ㧹䖤㽕∖DŽ䖭ѯ▔ࢅ㋴ⱘЁᖗЏ乬ᰃ˖ㅵ⧚䚼䮼䗮ᐌᖙ乏ߎབԩᑨᇍˈҹঞᡍޚԩ⾡乍Ⳃᑊ乕থ乍ⳂゴⱘއㄪDŽ乍Ⳃ䗝ᢽᮍ⊩ࣙᣀ⌟ㅫ乍ⳂᇍѢ乍Ⳃ᠔᳝㗙䌲ࡽҎⱘӋؐᓩˈгৃ㛑ࣙᣀ݊Ҫ㒘㒛އㄪޚ߭DŽ乍Ⳃ䗝ᢽг䗖ড়Ѣ䗝ᢽ乍Ⳃᠻ㸠ⱘ⾡ᮍᓣDŽЎ乍ⳂㅒথゴПৢˈህᓎゟњ乍ⳂϢ㒘㒛᮹ᐌᎹП䯈ⱘ㘨㋏DŽᶤѯ㒘㒛ˈা᳝ᅠ៤њߚ߿ਃࡼⱘ䳔㽕Ԅ䅵ǃৃ㸠ᗻⷨおǃ߱ℹ䅵ߦ݊Ҫ᳝㉏Ԑ⫼ⱘߚᵤПৢˈᠡℷᓣЎ乍Ⳃㅒথ乍ⳂゴᑊࡴҹਃࡼDŽࠊᅮ乍ⳂゴᴀϞህᰃᇚ㒣㧹䳔㽕ǃϞ乍Ⳃⱘ⧚⬅ǃᔧࠡᇍ乒ᅶ㽕∖ⱘ⧚㾷ˈҹঞ⫼ᴹ⒵䎇䖭ѯ㽕∖ⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰᔶ៤᭛ӊDŽ乍Ⳃゴᑨᔧࣙᣀҹϟݙᆍ˄Ⳉܹ߫ᧈᓩ݊ᅗ᭛ӊ˅˖®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 81
ಯゴ 乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚ xЎ⒵䎇乒ᅶǃ䌲ࡽҎˈҹঞ݊Ҫ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙䳔㽕ǃᜓᳯϢᳳᳯ㗠ᦤߎⱘ㽕∖DŽx㒣㧹䳔㽕ǃ催ሖ乍Ⳃ䇈ᯢˈᴀ乍Ⳃᇍᑨⱘѻક㽕∖DŽx乍ⳂⳂⱘϞ乍Ⳃⱘ⧚⬅DŽxྨ⌒ⱘ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚Ϣᴗ䰤㑻߿DŽxᘏԧ䞠䖯ᑺ㸼DŽx߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ᕅડDŽx㘠㛑㒘㒛ঞ݊খϢDŽx㒘㒛ǃ⦃๗Ϣ䚼؛䆒DŽx㒘㒛ǃ⦃๗Ϣ䚼ࠊ㑺㋴DŽx䇈ᯢ乍Ⳃড়⧚ᗻⱘ㒣㧹ᅲ՟ˈࣙᣀᡩ䌘ᬊⲞ⥛DŽxᘏԧ乘ㅫDŽ䰊↉乍Ⳃⱘҹৢ䰊↉ˈࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴ䖛ⱘ⫼ᰃ偠䆕ॳᴹЎ乍ⳂࠊᅮϢ乕থゴ᠔خⱘ⾡އᅮDŽ䖭ϔ䖛ᖙ㽕ᯊ䖬Ḍޚ乍Ⳃϟϔ䰊↉ᑊᮄ䆹ゴDŽձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1ড়ৠ.1乍Ⳃ䗝ᢽᮍ⊩.1乍Ⳃゴ.2乍ⳂᎹ䇈ᯢк.2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏.3џϮ⦃๗㋴.3乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳.4乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.4ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.5㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ4-3˖ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴ˖ձ.1ড়ৠ˄㢹᳝ᯊ˅བᵰ乍ⳂᰃЎ䚼乒ᅶ㗠䖯㸠ˈ߭ᴹ㞾乒ᅶ䞛䌁㒘㒛ⱘড়ৠሲѢDŽ.2乍ⳂᎹ䇈ᯢкᎹ䇈ᯢкᰃᇍᑨ⬅乍Ⳃᦤկⱘѻક᳡ࡵⱘ᭛ᄫ䇈ᯢDŽᇍѢݙ䚼乍Ⳃˈ乍Ⳃথ䍋Ҏ䌲ࡽҎḍ㒣㧹䳔㽕ǃѻક᳡ࡵ㽕∖ᦤկϔӑᎹ䇈ᯢкDŽᇍѢ䚼乍ⳂˈᎹ䇈ᯢкሲѢ乒ᅶᷛ᭛ӊⱘϔ䚼ߚˈ՟བᓎ䆂䙔䇋кǃֵᙃ䇋∖ǃᷛ䙔䇋кড়ৠЁⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽᎹ䇈ᯢкᣛᯢབϟџ乍Пϔ˖®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜822004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
x㒣㧹䳔㽕–㒘㒛ⱘ㒣㧹䳔㽕ৃ㛑Ѣ䆁䳔∖ǃᏖഎ䳔∖ǃᡔᴃ䖯ℹǃ⊩ᕟ㽕∖ᬓᑰᷛޚDŽxѻક㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк–䇈ᯢᑨ⬅乍Ⳃ߯䗴ⱘѻક᳡ࡵ㽕∖Ϣ⡍ᕕⱘ᭛ӊDŽѻક㽕∖䇈ᯢкϔ㠀ਃࡼ䰊↉ϡ䆺㒚ˈ㗠ৢᴹⱘ䖛Ёˈᔧѻકⱘ⡍ᕕ㒣䖛䗤ℹᗱ㗗Ϣᭆৢ䗤⏤ഄ䆺㒚䍋ᴹDŽ䖭ѯ㽕∖Ё䖬ᑨ䯤ᯢ℆߯䗴ⱘѻક᳡ࡵϢ㒣㧹䳔㽕▔থ䖭ϔ䳔㽕ⱘ݊Ҫ㋴П䯈ⱘ݇㋏DŽ㱑✊ѻક㽕∖䇈ᯢкⱘᔶᓣϢݙᆍ㸠Ϯ㗠ᓖˈԚӏԩᯊ䛑ᑨᔧ䎇䆺㒚ˈ㛑4⫼Ѣҹৢⱘ乍Ⳃ㾘ߦDŽx⬹䅵ߦ–᠔᳝ⱘ乍Ⳃ䛑ᑨᬃᣕ㒘㒛ⱘ⬹ⳂᷛDŽخ乍Ⳃ䗝ᢽއㄪᯊˈᑨᔧᇚᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘ⬹䅵ߦ㾚Ў㗗㰥㋴DŽ.3џϮ⦃๗㋴ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴᯊˈӏԩϔ⾡ҹঞ᠔᳝ᄬѢ乍Ⳃ਼ೈᑊᇍ乍Ⳃ៤ࡳ᳝ᕅડⱘ㒘㒛џϮ⦃๗㋴Ϣࠊᑺ䛑ᖙ乏㗗㰥DŽ݊ЁࣙᣀˈԚϡ䰤Ѣབϟџ乍˖x㒘㒛݀ৌⱘ᭛࣪Ϣ㒘៤㒧ᵘ˗xᬓᑰ㸠Ϯᷛޚ˄՟བㅵ⧚䚼䮼ⱘ㾘ゴࠊᑺǃѻકᷛޚǃ䋼䞣ᷛޚϢᎹ㡎ᷛޚ˅˗x⸔䆒ᮑ˄՟བˈ⦄᳝ⱘ䆒ᮑ⫳ѻ䆒˅˗x⦄᳝ⱘҎ䌘⑤˄՟བᡔ㛑ǃϧϮϢⶹ䆚ˈབ䆒䅵ǃᓔথǃ⊩ᕟǃড়ৠথࣙϢ䞛䌁˅˗xҎџㅵ⧚˄՟བˈ䲛⫼Ϣ㾷䲛ᣛᇐᮍ䩜ǃਬᎹϮ㒽䆘ӋϢ䆁䆄ᔩ˅˗x݀ৌᎹḌޚࠊᑺ˖xᏖഎᚙމ˗x߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙亢䰽ᡓফ˗xଚϮ᭄ᑧ˄՟བᷛޚⱘ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ᭄ǃ㸠Ϯ亢䰽ⷨおֵᙃϢ亢䰽᭄ᑧ˅˗x乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳˄՟བ㞾ࡼ࣪Ꮉ༫ӊˈབ䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䕃ӊᎹǃ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚㋏㒳ǃֵᙃᬊ䲚Ϣߚথ㋏㒳ˈ㗙Ϣ݊Ҫ㒓㞾ࡼ࣪㋏㒳ⱘ䖲㔥ষ˅DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 83
ಯゴ 乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚ .4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴˈҹঞҹৢⱘ乍Ⳃ᭛ӊᯊˈӏԩϔ⾡ҹঞ᠔᳝⫼Ѣᕅડ乍Ⳃ៤ࡳⱘ䌘ѻ䛑ৃҹЎ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻDŽӏԩϔ⾡ҹঞ᠔᳝খϢ乍Ⳃⱘ㒘㒛䛑ৃ㛑᳝ℷᓣ䴲ℷᓣⱘᮍ䩜ǃᑣǃ䅵ߦॳ߭ˈ᠔᳝䖭ѯⱘᕅડ䛑ᖙ乏㗗㰥DŽ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ䖬ডњ㒘㒛Ңҹࠡ乍ⳂЁপⱘᬭ䆁ᄺдࠄⱘⶹ䆚˗՟བˈᅠ៤ⱘ䖯ᑺ㸼ǃ亢䰽᭄ᅲ⦄Ӌ᭄ؐDŽ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻⱘ㒘㒛ᮍᓣ㸠Ϯǃ㒘㒛ᑨ⫼乚ඳⱘ㉏ൟ㗠ᓖDŽ՟བˈ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻৃҹᔦ㒇Ўབϟϸ㉏˖x㒘㒛䖯㸠Ꮉⱘ䖛Ϣᑣ˖i㒘㒛ᷛޚ䖛ˈ՟བᷛޚǃᮍ䩜˄՟བᅝܼعᒋᮍ䩜ˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ䩜˅ˈᷛޚѻકϢ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳˈҹঞ䋼䞣ᮍ䩜Ϣᑣ˄՟བ䖛ᅵ䅵ǃⳂᷛᬍ䖯ǃḌᇍ㸼ˈҹঞկ㒘㒛ݙ䚼Փ⫼ⱘᷛޚ䖛ᅮН˅DŽiᷛޚᣛᇐॳ߭ǃᎹᣛҸǃᓎ䆂䆘ӋᷛޚϢᅲᮑᬜᵰ䆘Ӌޚ߭DŽiᵓ˄՟བ亢䰽ᵓǃᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘᵓϢ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ᵓ˅DŽiḍ乍Ⳃⱘԧ䳔㽕ׂᬍ㒘㒛ᷛޚ䖛ⱘᣛᇐॳ߭Ϣޚ߭DŽi㒘㒛≳䗮㽕∖˄՟བˈৃ߽⫼ⱘ⡍ᅮ≳䗮ᡔᴃˈܕ䆌Փ⫼ⱘ≳䗮ၦҟǃ䆄ᔩⱘֱ⬭ˈҹঞᅝܼ㽕∖˅DŽi乍Ⳃ㒧ሒᣛᇐॳ߭㽕∖˄՟བˈ᳔ৢ乍Ⳃᅵ䅵ǃ乍Ⳃ䆘Ӌǃѻક⹂䅸ˈҹঞ偠ᬊᷛޚ˅DŽi䋶ࡵࠊᑣ˄՟བᯊ䯈ਞǃᖙ㽕ⱘᓔᬃϢᬃҬᅵᶹǃӮ䅵㓪ⷕˈҹঞᷛޚড়ৠᴵ᭛˅DŽi⹂ᅮ䯂乬Ϣ㔎䱋ࠊǃ䯂乬Ϣ㔎䱋䆚߿㾷އˈҹঞ㸠ࡼ䗑䏾ⱘ䯂乬Ϣ㔎䱋ㅵ⧚ᑣDŽiবࠊᑣˈࣙᣀׂᬍ݀ৌℷᓣᷛޚǃᮍ䩜ǃ䅵ߦϢᑣˈ㗙ӏԩ乍Ⳃ᭛ӊˈҹঞᡍޚϢ⹂䅸ӏԩবᯊᑨ䙉ᕾⱘℹ偸DŽi亢䰽ࠊᑣˈࣙᣀ亢䰽㉏ൟǃὖ⥛ⱘ⹂ᅮϢৢᵰˈҹঞὖ⥛Ϣৢᵰⶽ䰉DŽiᡍޚϢㅒথᎹᥜᴗⱘᑣDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜842004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
x㒘㒛ᭈԧֵᙃᄬټẔ㋶ⶹ䆚ᑧ˖i䖛⌟䞣᭄ᑧˈ⫼Ѣ᧰䲚Ϣᦤկ䖛Ϣѻકᅲ⌟᭄DŽi乍ⳂḷḜ˄՟བˈ㣗ೈǃ䌍⫼ǃ䖯ᑺˈҹঞ䋼䞣ޚǃᅲᮑᬜᵰ⌟䞣ޚǃ乍Ⳃ᮹ग़ǃ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ǃ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠǃ䅵ߦⱘᑨᇍ㸠ࡼˈҹঞ⹂ᅮⱘ亢䰽ৢᵰ˅DŽiग़ֵᙃϢᬭ䆁ⶹ䆚ᑧ˄՟བˈ乍Ⳃ䆄ᔩϢ᭛ӊǃ᠔᳝ⱘ乍Ⳃ㒧ሒ䌘᭭Ϣ᭛ӊ䆄ᔩǃҹࠡ乍Ⳃ䗝ᢽއㄪ㒧ᵰϢᅲᮑᚙމⱘֵᙃˈҹঞ亢䰽4ㅵ⧚ࡾⱘֵᙃ˅DŽi䯂乬Ϣ㔎䱋ㅵ⧚᭄ᑧˈࣙᣀ䯂乬Ϣ㔎䱋⢊ᗕˈࠊֵᙃˈ䯂乬Ϣ㔎䱋㾷އ㸠ࡼ㒧ᵰDŽi䜡㕂ㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ᑧˈࣙᣀ݀ৌ᠔᳝ℷᓣᷛޚǃᮍ䩜ˈᑣϢӏԩ乍Ⳃ᭛ӊⱘ⾡⠜ᴀϢޚDŽi䋶ࡵ᭄ᑧˈࣙᣀབᎹᯊǃথ⫳ⱘ䌍⫼ǃ乘ㅫҹঞӏԩ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼䍙ᬃㄝֵᙃDŽࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1乍Ⳃ䗝ᢽᮍ⊩乍Ⳃ䗝ᢽᮍ⊩ⱘ⫼䗨ᰃ⹂ᅮ㒘㒛䗝ᢽાϔϾ乍ⳂDŽ䖭ѯᮍ⊩ϔ㠀ߚЎབϟϸ㉏˖xᬜⲞ⌟ᅮᮍ⊩ˈ᳝↨䕗⊩ǃ䆘ߚൟǃᇍᬜⲞⱘ䋵⤂㒣⌢ᄺൟDŽx᭄ᄺൟˈ߽⫼㒓ᗻǃ䴲㒓ᗻǃࡼᗕǃᭈ᭄Ⳃᷛ㓪ㅫ⊩DŽ.2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏⹂ᅮњ㢹ᑆ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘ˈঞ᳝݊݇ⱘᄤ䖛ࠊ㘠㛑ˈ᠔᳝䖭ѯ䛑㒧ড়៤ЎϔϾথ⫼ⱘ᳝ᴎ㒳ϔᭈԧDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏ৃҹᰃҨ㒚ࡴᎹ䖛ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᷛޚˈгৃҹϡᰃDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏ৃҹᰃℷᓣ៤❳ⱘ䖛ˈгৃҹᰃᐂࡽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳᳝ᬜഄࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴⱘ䴲ℷᓣᡔᴃDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 85
ಯゴ 乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚ .3乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳 (PMIS)ᰃ㒘㒛ݙ䚼Փ⫼ⱘϔ༫㋏㒳䲚៤ⱘᷛޚⱘ㞾ࡼ࣪ᎹDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳߽⫼乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴǃ㒚࣪乍Ⳃゴᯊ֗䖯ড作ǃࠊ乍ⳂゴⱘবˈথᏗᡍޚⱘ乍ⳂゴDŽ.4ϧᆊ߸ᮁϧᆊ߸ᮁ㒣ᐌ⫼ᴹ䆘Ӌࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴ᠔䳔㽕ⱘձDŽ䖭ϔ䖛Ёˈℸ㉏ϧᆊ߸ᮁঞ݊ⶹ䆚ᑨ⫼ѢӏԩᡔᴃϢㅵ⧚㒚㡖DŽӏԩ᳝ϧ䮼ⶹ䆚䆁㒗ⱘ䲚ԧϾҎৃᦤկℸ㉏ϧᆊⶹ䆚ˈ᳝݊䆌ᴹ⑤ˈ՟བ˖xᅲᮑ㒘㒛ݙ䚼ⱘ݊ᅗऩԡx䆶݀ৌxࣙᣀᅶ᠋䌲ࡽҎݙⱘ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙xϧϮᡔᴃणӮx㸠Ϯ䲚ಶDŽࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴ˖៤ᵰ.1乍Ⳃゴ㡖ᓩ㿔Ꮖᇍ乍Ⳃゴ䖯㸠њ䇈ᯢDŽࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк⹂ᅮњ乍Ⳃⱘ㣗ೈüü䳔㽕ᅠ៤ⱘ䇌⾡џ乍DŽࠊᅮ߱ℹ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк䖛ⱘᇍ䈵䆄䕑ⱘџ乍ᰃ乍Ⳃঞ݊ѻક᳡ࡵⱘ⡍ᕕϢ䖍⬠ˈҹঞ偠ᬊϢ㣗ೈࠊⱘᮍ⊩DŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкⱘݙᆍࣙᣀ˖x乍ⳂϢѻકⱘⳂᷛxѻક᳡ࡵⱘ㽕∖Ϣ⡍ᗻxѻક偠ᬊᷛޚx乍Ⳃ䖍⬠x乍Ⳃ㽕∖ϢৃѸҬ៤ᵰx乍Ⳃࠊ㑺㋴x乍Ⳃ؛䆒x乍Ⳃⱘ߱ℹ㒘㒛x߱ℹ䆚߿ⱘ亢䰽x䖯ᑺ䞠x߱ℹᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘx䞣㑻䌍⫼Ԅㅫx乍Ⳃ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚㽕∖xᅵᡍ㽕∖DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜862004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк߽⫼乍Ⳃথ䍋Ҏ䌲ࡽҎᦤկⱘֵᙃ㓪ࠊDŽ㣗ೈᅮН䖛Ёⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᇚ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк䖯ϔℹ㒚࣪Ў乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкDŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкⱘݙᆍ乍Ⳃⱘᑨ⫼乚ඳᴖᑺ㗠ᓖˈℸৃ㛑ࣙᣀϞ䴶߫ߎⱘᶤѯܼ䚼ݙᆍDŽ䰊↉乍Ⳃⱘҹৢ䰊↉Ёˈࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк䖛ᖙ㽕ᯊ⹂䅸㒚࣪ᴀ䰊↉ⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈDŽձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1乍Ⳃゴ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏.1乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк乍ⳂᎹ䇈ᯢк.2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳.3ӕϮ⦃๗㋴.3ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ4-4˖ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˖ձ.1乍ⳂゴᏆ㡖ᦣ䗄DŽ.2乍ⳂᎹ䇈ᯢкᏆ↉䇈ᯢDŽ.3џϮ⦃๗㋴Ꮖ↉䇈ᯢDŽ.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻᏆ↉䇈ᯢDŽࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏⹂ᅮњणࡽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ࠊᅮϢࠊ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкবⱘ䖛DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 87
ಯゴ 乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚ .2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳ᰃϔϾ㞾ࡼ࣪㋏㒳ˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳߽⫼乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкǃ㒚࣪乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкᯊ֗䖯ড作ǃࠊ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкⱘবˈথᏗᡍޚⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкDŽ.3ϧᆊ߸ᮁᑨܹ߫乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкЁⱘӏԩᡔᴃϢㅵ⧚㒚㡖ᮍ䴶䛑Ӯ⫼ࠄϧᆊ߸ᮁDŽࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˖៤ᵰ .1乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк㡖ᓩ㿔Ꮖᇍ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк䖯㸠њ䇈ᯢDŽࠊᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦࠊᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䖛ࣙᣀᇚ⹂ᅮǃण䇗Ϣ㓐ড়᠔᳝䚼ߚ䅵ߦ᠔䳔㽕ⱘ㸠ࡼᔶ៤᭛ӊˈՓ݊៤Ў乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘݙᆍ乍Ⳃⱘᑨ⫼乚ඳᴖᑺ㗠ᓖDŽ䖭ϔ䖛ⱘ㒧ᵰՓ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䗮䖛ᭈԧবࠊ䖛ᕫҹᮄϢׂᬍDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ⹂ᅮњᠻ㸠ǃⲥ㾚ǃࠊ㒧ᴳ乍ⳂⱘᮍᓣϢᮍ⊩DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䆄ᔩњ㾘ߦ䖛㒘ⱘϾ㾘ߦᄤ䖛ⱘܼ䚼៤ᵰˈ݊Ё᳝˖x乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳䗝ᢽⱘϾ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛DŽx↣ϔ䗝ᅮ䖛ⱘᅲᮑ∈ᑇDŽxᇍᅲᮑ䖭ѯ䖛ᯊՓ⫼ⱘᎹϢᡔᴃ᠔خⱘ䇈ᯢDŽxㅵ⧚ԧ乍ⳂЁՓ⫼䗝ᅮ䖛ⱘᮍᓣᮍ⊩ˈࣙᣀ䖛П䯈ⱘձ䌪݇㋏ⳌѦ⫼ˈҹঞ䞡㽕ⱘձ៤ᵰDŽxЎњᅲ⦄乍ⳂⱘⳂᷛᠻ㸠Ꮉⱘᮍᓣǃᮍ⊩DŽxⲥ㾚Ϣࠊবⱘᮍᓣǃᮍ⊩DŽxᅲᮑ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚ⱘᮍᓣǃᮍ⊩DŽxՓ⫼ᅲᮑᬜᵰ⌟䞣ޚᑊՓПֱᣕᅠᭈⱘᮍᓣǃᮍ⊩DŽx߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙П䯈ⱘ≳䗮䳔㽕ϢᡔᴃDŽx䗝ᅮⱘ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳ䰊↉乍Ⳃⱘ乍Ⳃ䰊↉DŽx催ሖㅵ⧚ҎਬЎњࡴᖿ㾷އ㾷އⱘ䯂乬໘⧚خߎⱘއㄪ㗠ᇍݙᆍǃ㣗ೈᯊ䯈ᅝᥦⱘ݇䬂ᅵᶹDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜882004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䆺⬹ഛৃˈৃ⬅ϔϾϾ䚼ߚ䅵ߦˈҹঞ݊Ҫџ乍㒘៤DŽ↣ϔϾߚ䅵ߦ݊Ҫ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘ䆺㒚ᑺ䛑㽕⒵䎇ԧ乍Ⳃⱘ䳔㽕DŽ䖭ѯߚ䅵ߦࣙᣀˈԚϡ䰤Ѣབϟݙᆍ˖x乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㾕˅˗x䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㾕6ゴᓩ㿔䚼ߚ˅˗x䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㾕7ゴᓩ㿔䚼ߚ˅˗4x䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㾕˅˗x䖛ᬍ䖯䅵ߦ˄㾕˅˗xҎਬ䜡ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㾕˅˗x≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㾕˅˗x亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㾕˅˗x䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㾕˅DŽ݊Ҫ㒘៤䚼ߚࣙᣀˈԚϡ䰤Ѣབϟџ乍˖x䞠⏙ऩ˄㾕˅˗x䌘⑤᮹ग़˄㾕˅˗x䖯ᑺޚ˄㾕˅˗x䌍⫼ޚ˄㾕˅˗x䋼䞣ޚ˄㾕˅˗x亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ˄㾕˅DŽձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1߱ℹ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛.2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳.3ӕϮ⦃๗㋴.3ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻˊ4-5˖ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰࠊᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˖ձ.1乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкᏆ㡖䇈ᯢDŽ.2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛ᇚ5㟇12ゴ䇈ᯢDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 89
ಯゴ 乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚ .3џϮ⦃๗㋴Ꮖ↉䇈ᯢ䗄DŽ.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻᏆ↉䇈ᯢDŽࠊᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏⹂ᅮњणࡽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ࠊᅮࠊ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦবⱘ䖛DŽ.2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳ᰃϔϾ㞾ࡼ࣪㋏㒳ˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳߽⫼乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦǃࠊᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦᯊ֗䖯ড作ǃࠊ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘবˈথᏗᡍޚⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦDŽx䜡㕂ㅵ⧚㋏㒳䜡㕂ㅵ⧚㋏㒳ᰃᭈϾ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳ⱘϔϾᄤ㋏㒳DŽ䆹㋏㒳ࣙᣀⱘ䖛⫼ѢᦤѸবᓎ䆂ǃ䗑䏾বᓎ䆂ⱘᅵᶹϢᡍޚࠊᑺǃ⹂ᅮবⱘᡍޚ㑻߿ˈҹঞ⹂䅸ᡍޚⱘবⱘᮍ⊩DŽ᭄ᑨ⫼乚ඳˈ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚㋏㒳ࣙবࠊ㋏㒳DŽ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚㋏㒳䖬ᰃℷᓣᔶ៤Ў᭛ӊⱘᑣⱘܼԧˈ⫼ѢЎϟ߫џ乍ᦤկᡔᴃ㸠ᬓᣛᇐⲥⴷ˖i䆚߿ѻક㒘៤䚼ߚⱘࡳ㛑Ϣᅲԧ⡍ᕕᑊᔶ៤᭛ӊ˗iࠊϞ䗄⡍ᕕⱘ᠔᳝ব˗i䆄ᔩᑊਞ↣ϔবঞ݊ᅲᮑ⢊މ˗i䕙ࡽѻક㒘៤䚼ߚⱘᅵᶹˈḌᅲᰃ৺ヺড়㽕∖DŽxবࠊ㋏㒳বࠊ㋏㒳ᰃℷᓣᔶ៤᭛ӊⱘ䖛ⱘܼԧˈ⫼Ѣ⹂ᅮࠊǃᬍবᡍޚ乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰ᭛ӊⱘᮍᓣǃᮍ⊩DŽবࠊ㋏㒳ᰃ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚㋏㒳ⱘϔϾᄤ㋏㒳DŽ՟བˈᇍѢֵᙃᡔᴃ㋏㒳㗠㿔ˈবࠊ㋏㒳ৃҹࣙᣀ↣ϔ䕃ӊ㒘ӊⱘᡔᴃ㾘ᅮ䇈ᯢк˄㛮ᴀǃ⑤ⷕǃ᭄ᅮН䇁㿔ㄝ˅DŽ.3ϧᆊ߸ᮁࠊᅮᑨܹ߫乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁⱘӏԩᡔᴃϢㅵ⧚㒚㡖ᯊ䛑Ӯ⫼ࠄϧᆊ߸ᮁDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜902004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˖៤ᵰ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦᏆ㡖ⱘᓩ㿔Ё䇈ᯢDŽᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᠻ㸠ᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᠻ㸠䖛㽕∖乍Ⳃ㒣⧚乍Ⳃಶ䯳䞛প⾡㸠ࡼᠻ㸠乍Ⳃㅵ⧚4䅵ߦˈᅠ៤乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкЁᯢ⹂ⱘᎹDŽ䖭ѯ㸠ࡼࣙᣀ˖xᓔሩ⌏ࡼᅲ⦄乍ⳂⳂᷛ˗xҬߎࡾϢ䌘䞥ˈᅲ⦄乍ⳂⳂᷛ˗x䜡ǃ䆁ᑊㅵ⧚ߚ⌒ࠄᴀ乍ⳂϞⱘ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬ˗xḍԧᚙމˈপᕫӋǃᷛкǃ㽕㑺ᓎ䆂к˗x┰ⱘपᮍЁ䯈䖯㸠↨䕗ˈ䗝ᅮपᮍ˗xপᕫǃㅵ⧚ᑊՓ⫼䌘⑤ˈࣙᣀᴤ᭭ǃᎹǃ䆒Ϣ䆒ᮑ˗xᅲᮑᏆܹ߫䅵ߦⱘᮍ⊩ᷛޚ˗x߯䗴ǃࠊǃḌᅲᑊ⹂䅸乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰ˗xㅵ⧚亢䰽ᑊᅲᮑ亢䰽ᑨᇍ⌏ࡼ˗xㅵ⧚पᮍ˗xᇚᡍޚⱘব㒇ܹ乍Ⳃⱘ㣗ೈǃ䅵ߦ⦃๗˗xᓎゟᑊㅵ⧚乍Ⳃಶ䯳ݙⱘ乍Ⳃ≳䗮⏴䘧˗xᬊ䲚乍Ⳃ᭄ᑊਞ䌍⫼ǃ䖯ᑺǃᡔᴃϢ䋼䞣䖯ሩˈҹঞ᳝ࡽѢ乘⌟ⱘ⢊ᗕֵᙃ˗xᬊ䲚Ϣ䆄䕑পⱘᬭ䆁ˈᑊᅲᮑᡍޚⱘ䖛ᬍ䖯⌏ࡼDŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚Ϣ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ϔ䍋ᣛᇐ䅵ߦ乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼⱘᓔሩˈᑊㅵ⧚乍Ⳃݙ䚼⾡ḋⱘᡔᴃϢ㒘㒛ষDŽᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᠻ㸠䖛᳔Ⳉഄফࠄⱘ乍Ⳃᑨ⫼乚ඳⱘᕅડDŽৃѸҬ៤ᵰᰃЎᅠ៤乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁܹ߫ᑊخњᯊ䯈ᅝᥦⱘ乍ⳂᎹ㗠䖯㸠ⱘ䖛ⱘ៤ᵰDŽᬊ䲚᳝݇ৃѸҬ៤ᵰᅠ៤⢊މˈҹঞᏆ㒣ᅠ៤њાѯᎹⱘᎹᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃሲѢ乍Ⳃᠻ㸠ⱘϔ䚼ߚˈᑊ៤Ў䖯ሩਞ䖛ⱘձDŽ㱑✊乍Ⳃⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰ㒣ᐌЎ䇌བᓎㄥ⠽ǃ䘧䏃ㄝ᳝ᔶП⠽ˈԚᰃгӮᦤկ䇌བ䆁㒗ㄝ᮴ᔶৃѸҬ៤ᵰDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 91
ಯゴ 乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚ ᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᠻ㸠䖬㽕∖ᅲᮑ˖xᡍޚⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼˈՓ乍Ⳃᅲᮑⱘ乘ᳳ㒧ᵰྟ㒜ヺড়乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘ㽕∖DŽxᡍޚⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼˈ䰡Ԣ┰ⱘ⍜ᵕৢᵰথ⫳ⱘৃ㛑ᗻDŽxᡍޚⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ䇋∖ˈ㑴ℷ䋼䞣䖛থ⦄ⱘѻક㔎䱋DŽձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏.1ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ.2ᡍޚⱘ㑴ℷᮑ.2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳.2⬇䇋ⱘব.3ᡍޚⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼ.3ᅲᮑⱘব䇋∖.4ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.4ᅲᮑⱘ㑴ℷᮑ.5ᡍޚⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ.5ᅲᮑⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼ.6⹂䅸ⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ.6ᅲᮑⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ.7㸠ᬓ㒧ሒᑣ.7Ꮉᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃ4-6˖ᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᠻ㸠˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᠻ㸠˖ձ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦᏆ㡖Ё䇈ᯢDŽ.2ᡍޚⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼᡍޚⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼህᰃЎњֱ䆕乍Ⳃᇚᴹᅲᮑⱘ㒧ᵰྟ㒜ヺড়乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘ㽕∖㗠ᡍޚᑊᔶ៤᭛ӊⱘᣛ⼎DŽ.3ᡍޚⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼᡍޚⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼህᰃЎњ䰡Ԣ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ⱘ⍜ᵕৢᵰথ⫳ⱘৃ㛑ᗻ㗠ᡍޚᑊᔶ៤᭛ӊⱘᣛ⼎DŽ.4ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖ህᰃЎњᠽ㓽ᇣ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ㗠ᡍޚᑊᔶ៤᭛ӊⱘবDŽᡍޚⱘব䇋∖䖬ৃ㛑ׂᬍᮍ䩜ǃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦǃᑣǃ䌍⫼乘ㅫˈׂᬍ䖯ᑺ㸼DŽᡍޚⱘব䇋∖⬅乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᅝᥦᅲᮑⱘᯊ䯈䖯ᑺDŽ.5ᡍޚⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥᡍޚⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥህᰃЎњ㑴ℷ䋼䞣Ẕᶹᅵ䅵䖛Ёথ⦄ⱘѻક㔎䱋㗠ᡍޚᑊᔶ៤᭛ӊⱘ䇋∖DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜922004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.6⹂䅸ⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ䞡ᮄẔᶹ㸹ᬥⱘ㔎䱋ᑊህᬊ䖬ᰃᢦ㒱থߎ䗮ⶹDŽ.7㸠ᬓ㒧ሒᑣ㸠ᬓ㒧ሒᑣ䆄䕑њᠻ㸠乍Ⳃ㸠ᬓ㒧ሒᑣᯊ䳔㽕ⱘ᠔᳝⌏ࡼǃⳌѦ⺟ଚϢ䜡ড়ˈҹঞ᳝݇ⱘ㾦㡆Ϣ䋷ӏDŽᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᠻ㸠˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏⹂ᅮњᐂࡽ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᠻ㸠乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘ䖛DŽ.2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳ᰃϔϾ㞾ࡼ࣪㋏㒳ˈᰃणࡽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᓔሩ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䖯ᑺ㸼Ёⱘ⌏ࡼᯊՓ⫼ⱘᎹDŽᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᠻ㸠˖៤ᵰ.1ৃѸҬ៤ᵰৃѸҬ៤ᵰᰃӏԩ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㾘ߦ᭛ӊЁ䆄ᔩˈЎњᅠ៤乍Ⳃ㗠ᖙ乏⫳៤ᦤѸⱘ⣀⡍ᑊৃḌᅲⱘѻકǃ៤ᵰᦤկ᳡ࡵⱘ㛑DŽ.2䇋∖ⱘব㽕∖ᠽ㓽ᇣ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈˈׂᬍᮍ䩜ᑣˈׂᬍ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼乘ㅫˈׂᬍ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ⱘব䗮ᐌᰃ乍ⳂᎹᓔሩ䖛Ё⹂ᅮⱘDŽব䇋∖ৃҹⳈ䯈ǃݙ䚼䚼ᦤߎˈৃҹᰃৃ䗝ᢽⱘˈгৃҹᰃ⊩ᕟড়ৠᔎࠊ㽕∖ⱘDŽ.3ᅲᮑⱘব䇋∖Ꮖ㒣⬅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳乍Ⳃᠻ㸠䖛Ёᅲᮑⱘᡍޚⱘব䇋∖DŽ.4ᅲᮑⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼᏆ㒣⬅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳Ўњֱ䆕乍Ⳃᇚᴹⱘᅲᮑ㒧ᵰヺড়乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘ㽕∖㗠Ҭ䇌ᅲᮑⱘᡍޚⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼDŽ.5ᅲᮑⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼᏆ㒣⬅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳Ўњޣᇣ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ⱘৢᵰ㗠Ҭ䇌ᅲᮑⱘᡍޚⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 93
ಯゴ 乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚ .6ᅲᮑⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥᏆ㒣⬅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳乍Ⳃᠻ㸠䖛Ёᅲᮑⱘᡍޚⱘѻક㔎䱋㸹ᬥDŽ.7Ꮉᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃᣝᐌ㾘ᬊ䲚᳝݇Ўњᅠ៤乍ⳂᎹ㗠䖯㸠ⴔⱘ乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼᎹ⢊ᗕⱘֵᙃ᭄ˈሲѢᠻ㸠乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽᎹᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃࣙᣀˈԚϡ䰤Ѣ˖x㸼ᯢ䖯ᑺ䖯ሩⱘ⢊ᗕֵᙃ˗xᏆ㒣ᅠ៤Ϣᇮᅠ៤ⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰ˗xᏆ㒣ᓔྟϢᏆ㒣ᅠ៤ⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ˗x䋼䞣ᷛޚ⒵䎇ⱘᑺ˗xᡍޚϢᏆ㒣ᓔ䫔ⱘ䌍⫼˗xᇍᅠ៤Ꮖ㒣ᓔྟⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘԄㅫ˗x䖯ሩ䖛Ёⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䖯ᑺᅲ䰙ᅠ៤ⱒߚ↨˗xপᑊᏆ䆄ᔩϨ䕀ܹ㒣偠ᬭ䆁ⶹ䆚ᑧⱘᬭ䆁˗x䌘⑤߽⫼ⱘ㒚㡖DŽⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ乍ⳂᎹⲥ㾚ࠊ乍ⳂᎹ䖛ᰃⲥ㾚ࠊਃࡼǃ㾘ߦǃᠻ㸠㒧ᴳ乍Ⳃ᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘϾ䖛DŽ䞛প㑴ℷ乘䰆㸠ࡼࠊ乍ⳂⱘᅲᮑᬜᵰDŽⲥ㾚ᰃ䌃こ乍Ⳃྟ㒜ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘϔϾᮍ䴶DŽⲥ㾚ࣙᣀᬊ䲚ǃ⌟䞣ᑊᬷথᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃˈᑊ䆘Ӌ⌟䞣㒧ᵰᅲᮑ䖛ᬍ䖯ⱘ䍟DŽ䖲㓁ⱘⲥ㾚Փ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳㛑⋲ᆳ乍Ⳃⱘ⢊ᗕᰃ৺ℷᐌˈᑊ䆚߿ӏԩৃ㛑㽕∖㒭ќ⡍߿⊼ᛣⱘᮍ䴶DŽⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ乍ⳂᎹ䖛ⱘᇍ䈵ᰃ˖xᇍ✻乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ↨䕗乍Ⳃⱘᅲ䰙㸼⦄˗x䆘Ӌ乍Ⳃⱘᅲᮑᚙމˈ߸ᮁᰃ৺ߎ⦄њ䳔㽕䞛প㑴ℷ乘䰆㸠ࡼⱘ䗍䈵ˈᑊᖙ㽕ᯊᦤߎ䞛প㸠ࡼⱘᓎ䆂˗xߚᵤǃ䎳䏾ᑊⲥ㾚乍Ⳃ亢䰽ˈ⹂ֱঞᯊ䆚߿亢䰽ˈਞ݊⢊ᗕˈᠻ㸠䗖ᔧⱘ亢䰽ᑨᇍ䅵ߦ˗xᓎゟ᳝݇乍Ⳃѻકҹঞ᳝݇ⱘ᭛ӊⱘޚ⹂ঞᯊⱘֵᙃᑧˈᑊֱᣕࠄ乍Ⳃᅠ៤˗xЎ⢊ᗕਞǃ䖯ሩ⌟䞣乘⌟ᦤկֵᙃᬃᣕ˗xЎᮄᔧࠡⱘ䌍⫼䖯ᑺֵᙃᦤկ乘⌟˗xᅲᮑᡍޚⱘবᯊ䖯㸠ⲥ㾚DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜942004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏.1㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.2Ꮉᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃ.2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳.2㤤ⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼ.3৺އⱘব䇋∖.3ᅲ⦄Ӌؐᡔᴃ.3乘⌟.4ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.4㤤ⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ.5⬇䇋ⱘব44-7˖ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ乍ⳂᎹ:ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ乍ⳂᎹ˖ձ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦᏆ㡖Ё䇈ᯢDŽ.2ᎹᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃᏆ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ.3৺އⱘব䇋∖৺އⱘব䇋∖ࣙᣀব䇋∖ᴀ䑿ǃ䕙ࡽ᭛ӊˈҹঞ㸼ᯢ৺އⱘব䇋∖ؒⱘবᅵᶹ⢊ᗕDŽⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ乍ⳂᎹ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ .1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏⹂ᅮњणࡽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᣝ✻乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⲥ㾚Ϣࠊℷ䖯㸠ⱘ乍ⳂᎹⱘ䖛DŽ.2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳˄PMIS˅ᰃϔϾ㞾ࡼ࣪㋏㒳ˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳߽⫼乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䖯ᑺ㸼Ёⱘ⌏ࡼⱘᠻ㸠DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳䖬ᖙ㽕ᯊ⫼Ѣߎᮄⱘ乘⌟DŽ.3ᅲ⦄Ӌؐᡔᴃᅲ⦄ӋؐᡔᴃҢ乍ⳂⱘਃࡼᓔྟϔⳈࠄ乍Ⳃ㒧ሒ㒧ᴳྟ㒜⌟䞣乍Ⳃⱘᅲᮑ㒧ᵰDŽᅲ⦄Ӌؐㅵ⧚ᡔᴃⱘᮍ⊩䖬ᰃḍ䖛এⱘᅲᮑ㒧ᵰ乘⌟ᴹᅲᮑᚙމⱘϔ⾡↉DŽ.4ϧᆊ߸ᮁ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳߽⫼ϧᆊ߸ᮁⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ乍ⳂᎹDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 95
ಯゴ 乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚ ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ乍ⳂᎹ˖៤ᵰ.1㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼᰃЎњֱ䆕乍Ⳃᇚᴹⱘᅲᮑᚙމヺড়乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㗠ᦤߎᑊᔶ៤њ᭛ӊⱘᓎ䆂DŽ.2㤤ⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼ乘䰆㸠ࡼᰃЎњ䰡Ԣ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ϡ㡃ৢᵰথ⫳ὖ⥛㗠ᦤߎᑊᔶ៤њ᭛ӊⱘᓎ䆂DŽ.3乘⌟乘⌟ࣙᣀḍ乘⌟ᯊৃ߽⫼ⱘֵᙃⶹ䆚ᇍ乍Ⳃᇚᴹⱘ⢊މџӊ᠔خⱘԄㅫ乘ܜԄ䅵DŽ乘⌟ḍᠻ㸠乍ⳂᯊᦤկⱘᎹᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃࡴҹᮄᑊ䞡ᮄথᏗDŽ䖭ϔֵᙃৠ㛑ᕅડ乍Ⳃᇚᴹⱘ䖛এⱘᅲᮑᚙމ᳝݇DŽ՟བˈᅠ៤ᯊԄㅫϢᅠ៤ᇮᕙԄㅫDŽ.4㤤ⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥᇍᶤѯ䋼䞣ẔᶹϢᅵ䅵䖛Ёথ⦄ⱘ㔎䱋ᦤߎⱘ㑴ℷᓎ䆂DŽ.5䇋∖ⱘবᏆ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽᭈԧবࠊᭈԧবࠊ䖛䌃こѢ乍Ⳃⱘྟ㒜DŽ⬅Ѣ乍ⳂᕜᇥӮޚ⹂ഄᣝ✻乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䖯㸠ˈ㗠বࠊᖙϡৃᇥDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦǃ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкˈҹঞ݊ҪৃѸҬ៤ᵰᖙ乏䗮䖛ϡᮁഄ䅸ⳳㅵ⧚বᠡ㛑ᕫҹ㓈ᣕDŽ৺އᡍޚব䇋∖ᑨֱ䆕ᇚᕫࠄᡍޚⱘবডࠄޚПЁDŽᭈԧবࠊ䖛ࣙᣀϟ߫বㅵ⧚⌏ࡼˈ䖭ѯ⌏ࡼⱘ䆺㒚ᑺ⬅乍Ⳃᠻ㸠ⱘᅠ៤ᚙމއᅮ˖x⹂ᅮᰃ৺䳔㽕ব㗙বᰃ৺Ꮖ㒣থ⫳DŽxᇍོᭈԧবࠊⱘ㋴ᮑࡴᕅડˈֱ䆕াᅲᮑ㒣䖛ᡍޚⱘবDŽxᅵᶹᡍޚ⬇䇋ⱘবDŽxࠊ⬇䇋বⱘ⌕ˈথ⫳বᯊㅵ⧚ᡍޚⱘবDŽxҙܕ䆌㹿ᡍޚⱘব㒇ܹࠄ乍Ⳃѻક᳡ࡵПЁˈ㓈ᡸޚⱘᅠᭈˈᑊ㓈ᡸ乍Ⳃѻક᳡ࡵ᳝݇ⱘ䜡㕂Ϣ㾘ߦ᭛ӊDŽxᅵᶹϢᡍޚ᠔᳝ⱘ㑴ℷϢ乘䰆㸠ࡼᓎ䆂DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜962004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
xḍᡍޚⱘবࠊϢᮄ㣗ೈǃ䌍⫼ǃ乘ㅫ䖯ᑺ䋼䞣㽕∖ˈण䇗ᭈϾ乍ⳂⱘবDŽ՟བˈᦤߎⱘ䖯ᑺব䗮ᐌӮᕅડࠄ䌍⫼ǃ亢䰽ǃ䋼䞣ϢҎਬ䜡DŽxᇚ⬇䇋ⱘবⱘܼ䚼ᕅડ䆄ᔩḜDŽx⹂䅸㔎䱋㸹ᬥDŽxḍ䋼䞣ਞᑊᣝ✻ᷛޚࠊ乍Ⳃ䋼䞣DŽ4ᦤߎⱘবৃ㛑㽕∖㓪ࠊᮄⱘ㗙ׂᬍ䌍⫼Ԅㅫˈ䞡ᮄᅝᥦ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ乎ᑣˈ⹂ᅮᮄⱘ䖯ᑺ᮹ᳳˈᦤߎᮄⱘ䌘⑤㽕∖ˈҹঞ䞡ᮄߚᵤ亢䰽ᑨᇍࡲ⊩DŽ䖭ѯবৃ㛑㽕∖䇗ᭈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦǃ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкˈ݊Ҫ乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰDŽ䰘ᏺবࠊⱘ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚㋏㒳ᰃ䲚Ёㅵ⧚乍Ⳃݙবⱘᷛޚ䖛ˈᬜ⥛催ˈᬜᵰདDŽ䰘ᏺবࠊⱘ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚ࣙᣀ䆚߿ǃ䆄ᔩࠊޚⱘবDŽᮑࡴবࠊⱘᑺপއѢᑨ⫼乚ඳǃԧ乍Ⳃⱘᴖᑺǃড়ৠ㽕∖ˈҹঞᅲᮑ乍Ⳃⱘ⦃๗Ϣݙ㘨㋏DŽᭈϾ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈݙⱘᑨ⫼䜡㕂ㅵ⧚㋏㒳ˈࣙᣀবࠊ䖛ˈҹᅲ⦄བϟϝϾЏ㽕Ⳃᷛ˖xᓎゟϔ⾡ᮍ⊩ྟ㒜བϔഄ䆚߿Ϣᦤߎᇍ᮶ᅮޚⱘবˈᑊԄ䅵䖭ѯবⱘӋؐϢ᳝ᬜᗻ˗x䗮䖛㗗㰥↣ϔ乍বⱘᕅડˈϡᮁഄ⹂䅸Ϣᬍ䖯乍ⳂⱘᴎӮ˗xЎ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᦤկᇚ᠔᳝ⱘবྟ㒜བϔഄ䗮ⶹ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘᴎࠊDŽᭈԧবࠊ䖛ЁⱘϾ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚⌏ࡼᰃ˖x䜡㕂䆚߿DŽᰃ⹂ᅮϢḌᅲѻક䜡㕂ǃᷛ䆚ѻકϢ᭛ӊǃㅵ⧚বˈҹঞֱᣕֵᙃ݀ᓔⱘ⸔DŽx䜡㕂⢊ᗕḌㅫDŽᤩᤝǃᄬټ䆘Ӌ᳝ᬜഄㅵ⧚ѻકѻકֵᙃ᠔䳔㽕ⱘ䜡㕂ֵᙃDŽx䜡㕂ḌᅲϢᅵ䅵DŽᶹᯢ䜡㕂᭛ӊЁ⹂ᅮⱘᗻ㛑Ϣࡳ㛑㽕∖Ꮖ㒣䖒ࠄDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 97
ಯゴ 乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚ ↣ϔϾ䆄ܹ᭛ӊⱘব⬇䇋ᖙ乏⬅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ݙ䚼ⱘᶤ᳝ᴗ㗙㗙ҷ㸼ᶤϔ䚼㒘㒛ⱘথ䍋Ҏǃ䌲ࡽҎ乒ᅶ䅸ৃ৺އDŽ䆌ᯊˈᭈԧবࠊ䖛ࣙᣀϔϾ䋳䋷ᡍޚ৺އব䇋∖ⱘবࠊྨਬӮDŽ䜡㕂ࠊϢবࠊᑣᯢ⹂㾘ᅮњ䖭ѯྨਬӮⱘ㾦㡆Ϣ䋷ӏˈᑊᕫࠄњ䌲ࡽҎǃ乒ᅶ݊Ҫ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘৠᛣDŽ䆌㒘㒛䆒ゟњሖবࠊྨਬӮⱘ㒧ᵘˈߚ⏙њྨਬӮⱘ䋷ӏDŽབᵰ乍Ⳃᰃḍড়ৠ䖯㸠ⱘˈ߭ᦤߎⱘᶤѯব䳔⬅乒ᅶᡍޚDŽձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏.1ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.2⬇䇋ⱘব.2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳.2৺އⱘব䇋∖.3Ꮉᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃ.3ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.3乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.4㤤ⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼ.4乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.5㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ˄ᮄ˅.6㤤ⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ.5ᡍޚⱘ㑴ℷᮑ.7ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ.6ᡍޚⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼ.7ᡍޚⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ.8⹂䅸ⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥ.9ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ4-8˖ᭈԧবࠊ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰᭈԧবࠊ˖ձ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦᏆ㡖ᓩ㿔Ё䇈ᯢDŽ.2⬇䇋ⱘবᏆ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ.3乍ⳂᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃᏆ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ.4㤤ⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼᏆ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ.5㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼᏆ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ..6㤤ⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥᏆ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ.7ৃѸҬ៤ᵰᏆ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜982004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ᭈԧবࠊ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏⹂ᅮњणࡽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⧁ᄤᅲᮑ乍Ⳃᭈԧবࠊⱘ䖛DŽ.2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳ᰃϔϾ㞾ࡼ࣪㋏㒳ˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᇚ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳ᔧ4ᅲᮑ乍ⳂᭈԧবࠊⱘϔϾ䕙ࡽᎹˈ֗䖯乍Ⳃড作ǃࠊᭈϾ乍ⳂবDŽ.3ϧᆊ߸ᮁ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳߽⫼বࠊྨਬӮ᳝ϧᆊ߸ᮁⱘ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ࠊϢᡍޚ乍ⳂϾᮍ䴶ⱘ᠔᳝ব䇋∖DŽᭈԧবࠊ˖៤ᵰ.1ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖Ꮖ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ.2৺އⱘব䇋∖Ꮖ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ.3乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ (ᮄ)Ꮖ㡖ᓩ㿔Ё䇈ᯢDŽ.4乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк(ᮄ)ᇚ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ.5ᡍޚⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼᏆ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ.6ᡍޚⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼᏆ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ.7ᡍޚⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥᏆ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ.8⹂䅸ⱘ㔎䱋㸹ᬥᏆ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ.9ৃѸҬ៤ᵰᏆ↉Ё䇈ᯢᑊ⬅ᭈԧবࠊ䖛ᡍޚ˄㾕㡖˅DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 99
ಯゴ 乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚ 乍Ⳃ㒧ሒ乍Ⳃ㒧ሒ䖛ᰃᅲᮑ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁⱘ乍Ⳃ㒧ሒ䚼ߚDŽᇍѢ䰊↉乍Ⳃˈ乍Ⳃ㒧ሒ䖛㒧ᴳⱘᰃৠ㒭ᅮ䰊↉ᇍᑨⱘ䚼ߚ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈϢ᳝݇⌏ࡼDŽ䖭ϔ䖛ࣙᣀ᳔ৢњ㒧᠔᳝乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘ᅠ៤ⱘ᠔᳝⌏ࡼˈℷᓣ㒧ᴳ乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃ䰊↉ˈ⿏ѸᏆᅠ៤প⍜ⱘ乍ⳂDŽ乍Ⳃ㒧ሒ䖛䖬ᓎゟᶤѯᑣˈ⫼ҹण䇗Ḍᅲ乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰⱘ乍⌏ࡼᑊᔶ៤᭛ӊˈण䇗ᑊϢ乒ᅶ䌲ࡽҎ㘨㋏Ϣ≳䗮Փ݊ℷᓣ偠ᬊ䖭ѯৃѸҬ៤ᵰˈᑊ䇗ᶹ乍Ⳃ㛑ᅠ៤ህ㒜ℶᯊ䞛প㸠ࡼⱘ⧚⬅ᑊᇚ݊ᔶ៤᭛ӊDŽҹϟϸϾࠊᅮⱘᑣ⫼Ѣ⹂ᅮᅲᮑᭈϾ乍ⳂϔϾ乍Ⳃ䰊↉乍㒧ሒ⌏ࡼᯊ䳔㽕ⱘ䜡ড়݇㋏˖x㸠ᬓ㒧ሒᑣDŽᴀᑣ䆺㒚㾘ᅮњ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬϢখࡴᠻ㸠乍Ⳃ㸠ᬓ㒧ሒⱘ݊Ҫ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ᠔᳝⌏ࡼǃⳌѦ䜡ড়ˈҹঞ᳝݇ⱘ㾦㡆Ϣ䋷ӏDŽᅲᮑ㸠ᬓ㒧ሒ䖛䖬ࣙᣀᇚᬊ䲚乍Ⳃ䆄ᔩǃߚᵤ乍Ⳃ៤䋹ǃᬊ䲚পⱘᬭ䆁ˈҹঞᇚ乍Ⳃֵᙃᄬḷկᴀ㒘㒛ᇚᴹՓ⫼ㄝ⌏ࡼ㒳ϔЎϔϾᭈԧDŽxড়ৠ㒧ሒᑣDŽ䆹ᑣࣙᣀ㒧⏙Ϣњ㒧乍Ⳃⱘ᠔᳝ড়ৠण䆂ˈҹঞ⹂ᅮ䜡ড়乍Ⳃℷᓣ㸠ᬓ㒧ሒⱘ᳝݇⌏ࡼᯊ䳔㽕ⱘ᠔᳝⌏ࡼϢ䜡ড়݇㋏DŽ䖭ϔᑣ᮶⍝ঞѻકḌᅲ˄᠔᳝ⱘᎹഛℷ⹂㗠জ⒵ᛣഄᅠ៤њ˅জ⍝ঞ㸠ᬓ㒧ሒ˄ᮄড়ৠ䆄ᔩˈড᳔ৢⱘ㒧ᵰˈᇚֵᙃᄬḷկᇚᴹՓ⫼˅DŽড়ৠᴵℒϢᴵӊгৃ㛑ᇍড়ৠ㒧ሒخњԧ㾘ᅮˈ㢹᳝㾘ᅮˈ߭ᖙ乏៤Ўᴀᑣⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽড়ৠⱘᦤࠡ㒜ℶሲѢড়ৠ㒧ሒⱘ⡍՟ˈ՟བˈৃ㛑ᰃ᮴ᦤѸѻકǃ乘ㅫ䍙ᬃˈ㔎ᇥᖙ㽕ⱘ䌘⑤DŽᴀᑣሲѢড়ৠ㒧ሒⱘձDŽձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏.1㸠ᬓ㒧ሒᑣ.2ড়ৠ᭛ӊ .2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳.2ড়ৠ㒧ሒᑣ.3џϮ⦃๗㋴.3ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.3᳔ৢѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰ.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.5Ꮉᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃ.6ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ4-9˖乍Ⳃ㒧ሒ:ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1002004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
乍Ⳃ㒧ሒ˖ձ.1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦᏆ㡖ᓩ㿔Ё䇈ᯢDŽ.2ড়ৠ᭛ӊড়ৠ᭛ӊᰃᅲᮑড়ৠ㒧ሒ䖛ⱘձПϔˈࣙᣀড়ৠᴀ䑿ˈҹঞড়ৠবϢ݊4Ҫ᭛ӊ˄՟བᡔᴃᮍ⊩ǃѻક䇈ᯢкˈৃѸҬ៤ᵰ偠ᬊޚ߭Ϣᑣ˅DŽ.3џϮ⦃๗㋴Ꮖ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻᏆ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ.5ᎹᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃᏆ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ.6ৃѸҬ៤ᵰᏆ↉Ё䇈ᯢᑊ⬅ᭈԧবࠊ䖛ᡍޚ˄㾕㡖˅DŽ乍Ⳃ㒧ሒ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ .1乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩㋏⹂ᅮњणࡽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᅲᮑ乍Ⳃ㸠ᬓϢড়ৠ㒧ሒᑣⱘ䖛DŽ.2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳߽⫼乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳ᅲᮑᭈϾ乍Ⳃ㸠ᬓϢড়ৠ㒧ሒᑣDŽ.3ϧᆊ߸ᮁ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳߽⫼ϧᆊ߸ᮁࠊᅮϢᅲᮑ乍Ⳃ㸠ᬓϢড়ৠ㒧ሒᑣDŽ乍Ⳃ㒧ሒ˖៤ᵰ.1㸠ᬓ㒧ሒᑣᴀᑣࣙখϢᠻ㸠㸠ᬓ㒧ሒᑣⱘ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬⱘ᠔᳝⌏ࡼϢ᳝݇ⱘ㾦㡆Ϣ䋷ӏDŽࠊᅮᓎゟᇚ乍Ⳃѻક᳡ࡵ⿏Ѹ⫳ѻ䖤㧹ⱘᑣDŽ䆹ᑣᰃϔ⾡䗤ℹᅠ៤ⱘ㸠ᬓ㒧ሒᮍ⊩ˈ໘⧚ⱘᇍ䈵᳝˖®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 101
ಯゴ 乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚ x⹂ᅮ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ᡍޚব᠔᳝㑻߿ৃѸҬ៤ᵰⱘ㽕∖ⱘ㸠ࡼϢ⌏ࡼDŽx⹂䅸乍ⳂᏆ⒵䎇᠔᳝䌲ࡽҎǃ乒ᅶ݊Ҫ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ㽕∖ˈḌᅲ᠔᳝ৃѸҬ៤ᵰᏆ㒣ᦤկᑊ偠ᬊˈҹঞ⹂䅸ᅠ៤Ϣߎষޚ߭Ꮖ㒣䙉ᕾ᠔䳔㽕ⱘ㸠ࡼϢ⌏ࡼDŽx⒵䎇乍Ⳃᅠ៤Ϣߎষޚ߭᠔䳔㽕ⱘ㸠ࡼϢ⌏ࡼDŽ.2ড়ৠ㒧ሒᑣࠊᅮ䖭ϔᑣˈЎড়ৠ㒧ሒᦤկњϔ⾡䗤ℹˈ乎ᑣ໘⧚ড়ৠᴵℒϢᴵӊˈҹঞӏԩᖙ㽕ⱘᅠ៤Ϣߎষޚ߭ⱘᮍ⊩DŽ݊Ёࣙᣀ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬǃ乒ᅶˈҹঞখϢড়ৠ㒧ሒ䖛ⱘ݊Ҫ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ᠔᳝⌏ࡼঞ᳝݇ⱘ䋷ӏDŽℷᓣ䞛পⱘ㸠ࡼњ㒧Ꮖᅠ៤乍Ⳃⱘ᠔᳝ড়ৠDŽ.3᳔㒜ѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰℷᓣ偠ᬊϢ⿏Ѹᥜᴗ乍ⳂᦤѸⱘ᳔㒜ѻકǃ᳡ࡵϢ៤ᵰDŽ偠ᬊࣙᣀᬊࠄℷᓣ䇈ᯢкˈ䇈ᯢᏆ㒣⒵䎇њড়ৠᴵℒⱘ㽕∖DŽ.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ(ᮄ)㒧ሒࣙᣀ߽⫼䜡㕂ㅵ⧚㋏㒳˄㾕㡖˅Ў乍Ⳃ᭛ӊ㓪ࠊϔӑ㋶ᓩᣛᯢԡ㕂DŽxℷᓣ偠ᬊ᭛ӊDŽ乒ᅶ䌲ࡽҎᏆ㒣ℷᓣ⹂䅸ˈ乒ᅶⱘ㽕∖ҹঞ乍Ⳃѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰⱘᡔᴃ㾘ᅮᏆ㒣⒵䎇DŽ䖭ӑ⹂䅸᭛ӊℷᓣ㸼ᯢˈ乒ᅶ䌲ࡽҎᏆ㒣ℷᓣ偠ᬊњৃѸҬ៤ᵰDŽx乍ⳂḷḜDŽ乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼѻ⫳ⱘ᭛ӊˈ՟བ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˗㣗ೈǃ䌍⫼ǃ䖯ᑺ䋼䞣ޚ˗乍Ⳃ᮹ग़˗亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ˗㾘ߦⱘ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㸠ࡼˈҹঞ亢䰽ৢᵰDŽx乍Ⳃ㒧ሒ᭛ӊDŽ乍Ⳃ㒧ሒ᭛ӊࣙᣀ㸼ᯢ乍ⳂᏆ㒣ᅠ៤ˈҹঞᅠ៤ⱘ乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰ⿏Ѹ䇌བᶤ䖤㧹ऩԡㄝ݊ҪҎⱘℷᓣ᭛ӊDŽᔧ乍Ⳃᇮᅠ៤ህᦤࠡ㒜ℶᯊˈ䖭ӑℷᓣ᭛ӊህᣛᯢ乍ⳂЁℶⱘॳˈᑊሹ㸠ℷᓣᑣˈᇚপ⍜ⱘ乍ⳂⱘᏆᅠ៤Ϣᅠ៤ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ⿏ѸҪҎDŽxग़ֵᙃDŽग़Ϣপⱘᬭ䆁ֵᙃ䕀⿏ࠄপⱘᬭ䆁ⶹ䆚ᑧˈկᇚᴹⱘ乍ⳂՓ⫼DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1022004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
Ѩゴ5乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚ᰃ⹂ֱ乍Ⳃࣙᣀ៤ࡳᅠ៤乍Ⳃ᠔䳔ⱘܼ䚼ᎹˈԚজাࣙᣀᖙ乏ᅠ៤ⱘᎹⱘϾ䖛DŽᅗЏ㽕݇ᖗⱘᰃ⹂ᅮϢࠊાѯᑨ䆹Ϣાѯϡᑨ䆹ࣙᣀ乍ⳂПݙDŽ5-1Ў乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䖛ὖ䉠DŽ5-2Ў䖭ѯ䖛ঞ݊ձǃ៤ᵰˈҹঞ݊Ҫ᳝݇ⶹ䆚乚ඳ䖛ⱘ⌕DŽ㣗ೈ㾘ߦ – ࠊ䅶乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦˈ䆄䕑བԩ⹂ᅮǃḌᅲϢࠊ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈˈҹঞབԩࠊᅮϢᅮНᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄WBS˅DŽ㣗ೈᅮН – ࠊᅮ䆺㒚ⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкˈЎᇚᴹ乍ⳂއㄪⱘḍDŽࠊᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ–ᇚ乍ⳂⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰϢ乍ⳂᎹߦߚЎ䕗ᇣˈᯧㅵ⧚ⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽ㣗ೈḌᅲ – ℷᓣ偠ᬊᏆ㒣ᅠ៤ⱘ乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰDŽ㣗ೈࠊ – ࠊ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘবDŽϞ䗄䖛ϡԚᕐℸП䯈ˈ㗠Ϩ䖬Ϣ݊ᅗⶹ䆚乚ඳ䖛ѸѦ⫼DŽḍ乍Ⳃ䳔㽕ˈ↣Ͼ䖛ৃ㛑⍝ঞϔϾϾϾҎ㗙䲚ԧ᠔ҬߎࡾDŽ↣Ͼ䖛↣Ͼ乍Ⳃ䰊↉乍ⳂЁⱘ↣ϔ䰊↉㟇ᇥߎ⦄ϔDŽ㱑✊ᴀゴЁˈ䖛ᰃҹ⬠㒓ߚᯢⱘऩϾ㒘៤䚼ߚߚᓔҟ㒡ⱘ˗Ԛᰃᅲ䏉ЁˈᅗӀैৃ㛑ҹᴀゴ䆺㒚ҟ㒡ⱘᮍᓣѸঝ䞡䗁ϢѸѦ⫼DŽ݇Ѣ䖛䯈ⱘѸѦ⫼ˈ䇋খⳟϝゴDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 103
Ѩゴ 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚ህ乍Ⳃ㗠㿔ˈ㣗ೈ䖭ϔᴃ䇁ৃᣛ˖xѻક㣗ೈDŽѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰⱘ⡍ᕕϢࡳ㛑DŽx乍Ⳃ㣗ೈDŽЎᦤկ᳝㾘ᅮ⡍ᕕϢࡳ㛑ⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰ㗠䳔㽕ᅠ៤ⱘᎹDŽᴀゴ䞡⚍ᰃㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘ䖛DŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䖛ˈҹঞ᳝݇ⱘᎹϢᡔᴃᑨ⫼乚ඳ㗠ᓖˈ䗮ᐌᇚ݊㾚Ў乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳⱘϔ䚼ߚ˄䇋㾕㡖˅ˈ᠔᳝䖭ѯഛ䆄䕑Ѣ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦПЁDŽ㒣䖛ᡍޚⱘ䆺㒚乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкǃⳌᑨⱘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘˈҹঞᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼ᰃ乍Ⳃⱘ㣗ೈޚDŽ乍Ⳃ᠔ѻ⫳ⱘ䗮ᐌᰃऩ乍ѻકˈԚ䆹ѻકैৃࣙᣀ㢹ᑆϾҢሲ䚼ߚˈ↣Ͼ䚼ߚ䛑݊ऩ⣀ˈैজⳌѦձᄬⱘѻક㣗ೈDŽ՟བˈϔϾᮄ⬉䆱㋏㒳䗮ᐌࣙᣀಯϾҢሲ䚼ߚ—⹀ӊǃ䕃ӊǃ䆁ᅲᮑDŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈᰃ৺ᅠ៤ҹ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㾕㡖˅ǃ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкǃⳌᑨⱘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘˈҹঞᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼Ў㸵䞣ᷛޚˈ㗠ѻક㣗ೈᰃ৺ᅠ៤߭ҹѻક㽕∖Ў㸵䞣ᷛޚDŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䳔㽕Ϣ݊Ҫⶹ䆚乚ඳ䖛ᕜདഄ㒧ড়ˈ䖭ḋᠡ㛑⹂ֱ乍ⳂᎹѸҬ㾘ᅮⱘѻક㣗ೈDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1042004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚㣗ೈ㾘ߦ㣗ೈᅮНࠊᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ.1ձ.1ձ.1ձ.1џϮ⦃๗㋴.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2乍Ⳃゴ.2乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.3乍Ⳃゴ.3乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.4乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.5乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.5ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.2ᎹϢᡔᴃᎹϢᡔᴃ.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘḋᵓ.1ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.1ѻકߚᵤ.2ߚ㾷.2ḋᵓǃ㸼ḐϢᷛޚ.2݊ҪᮍḜ䆚߿.3៤ᵰ.3ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.3៤ᵰ.1乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˄ᮄ˅.4߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ߚᵤ.1乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ.3៤ᵰ.3Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼.1乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.4㣗ೈޚ.2⬇䇋ⱘব.5乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.6⬇䇋ⱘব㣗ೈḌᅲ㣗ೈࠊ.1 ձ .1ձ.1乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.1乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.2Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ.2Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼.3Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ.5䖯ሩਞ.6ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.7Ꮉᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃ.1Ẕᶹ.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.3៤ᵰ.1বࠊ㋏㒳.1偠ᬊⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰ.2أᏂߚᵤ.2⬇䇋ⱘব.3㸹ܙ㾘ߦ.3㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.4䜡㕂ㅵ⧚㋏㒳.3៤ᵰ.1乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˄ᮄ˅.2Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄ᮄ˅.3Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼˄ᮄ˅.4㣗ೈޚ˄ᮄ˅.5⬇䇋ⱘব.6㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.7㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.8乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅5-1˖乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚ὖ䉠®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 105
Ѩゴ 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴ㣗ೈ㾘ߦᓔথ乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃゴ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄˅˄˅˄˅ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкᡍޚⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˄ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖˅㣗ೈᅮН⬇䇋ⱘব˄˅џϮ⦃๗㋴乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅ࠊᎹ⬇䇋ⱘব㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄˅乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˄ᮄ˅Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅㣗ೈޚᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚⬇䇋ⱘব乍Ⳃᠻ㸠㣗ೈḌᅲ㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼᎹᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃ˄˅⬇䇋ⱘব˄˅偠ᬊⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰ䖯ሩਞ䖯ሩਞ ˄˅⬇䇋ⱘব㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˄ᮄ˅Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄ᮄ˅Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒧ᴳ乍Ⳃ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅㣗ೈࠊ䆡∛㸼˄ᮄ˅㓐ড়বࠊ㣗ೈޚ˄ᮄ˅˄˅˄˅˄˅䇈ᯢ˖ᇚ䖛䯈ⱘ᠔᳝ⳌѦᕅડϢⳌѦ⫼᭄⌕㸼⼎ߎᴹDŽ5-2˖乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䖛⌕®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1062004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
㣗ೈ㾘ߦ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘ⹂ᅮϢㅵ⧚ᕅડࠄ乍Ⳃⱘᭈԧ៤ࡳDŽ↣Ͼ乍Ⳃ䛑ᖙ乏ᜢ䞡㗗㰥Ϣᴗ㸵Ꮉǃ᭄ᴹ⑤ǃᮍ⊩㋏ǃ䖛Ϣᑣˈҹঞ݊Ҫ㋴ˈ⹂ֱЎ⹂ᅮ⌏ࡼ㣗ೈ㗠ҬߎⱘࡾϢ乍Ⳃⱘᇣǃᴖᑺ䞡㽕ᗻⳌ⿄DŽ՟བˈ݇䬂ⱘ乍ⳂؐᕫЎ⹂ᅮ⌏ࡼ㣗ೈ㗠㢅ᯊ䯈䖯㸠ℷᓣᕏᑩⱘߚᵤˈ㗠ᐌ㾘乍Ⳃৃϡᖙ㒲ሑ㛥∕ˈ㗠ৃޣᇥ᭛ᄫᎹDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⧁ᄤᇚ㣗ೈㅵ⧚އㄪݭܹ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦDŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦᰃϔ⾡㾘ߦᎹˈ䇈ᯢ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤབԩ⹂ᅮ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈˈࠊᅮ䆺㒚ⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкˈ⹂ᅮϢࠊᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘˈḌᅲ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈˈ5ҹঞࠊ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈDŽࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦϢ⹂ᅮ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘ㒚㡖Ңߚᵤ乍Ⳃゴ˄㾕㡖˅ǃ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˄㾕㡖˅Ϣ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㾕㡖˅᳔䖥ᡍޚⱘ⠜ᴀᦤկⱘֵᙃ˗㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄㾕↉˅Ёⱘग़ֵᙃ˗ҹঞӏԩ᳝݇ⱘџϮ⦃๗㋴˄㾕↉˅ᓔྟDŽձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1џϮ⦃๗㋴.1ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.1乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2ḋᵓǃ㸼ḐϢᷛޚ.3乍Ⳃゴ.4乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.5乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ5-3˖㣗ೈ㾘ߦ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ 㣗ೈ㾘ߦ˖ձ .1 џϮ⦃๗㋴џϮ⦃๗㋴ⱘ՟ᄤ᳝㒘㒛᭛࣪ǃ⸔䆒ᮑǃᎹǃҎ䌘⑤ǃҎџᮍ䩜ˈҹঞᏖഎ⢊މˈ᠔᳝䖭ѯ䛑Ӯᕅડ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘㅵ⧚ᮍᓣDŽ .2 㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻᰃ㛑ᕅડ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚ᮍᓣⱘℷᓣ䴲ℷᓣⱘᮍ䩜ǃᑣᣛᇐॳ߭DŽᇍѢ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ㾘ߦ᳝ԧ݇㋏ⱘ䖛䌘ѻࣙᣀ˖®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 107
Ѩゴ 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚xϢ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ㾘ߦϢㅵ⧚᳝݇ⱘ㒘㒛ᮍ䩜˗xϢ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ㾘ߦϢㅵ⧚᳝݇ⱘ㒘㒛ᑣ˗xৃ㛑ᄬᬒѢপⱘᬭ䆁ⶹ䆚ᑧЁⱘग़ֵᙃDŽ .3 乍ⳂゴᏆ㡖Ё䇈ᯢDŽ .4 乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкᏆ㡖Ё䇈ᯢDŽ .5 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦᏆ㡖ᓩ㿔Ё䇈ᯢDŽ 㣗ೈ㾘ߦ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ .1 ϧᆊ߸ᮁࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦᯊ߽⫼ϧᆊህҹᕔⱘৠㄝ乍Ⳃⱘ㣗ೈㅵ⧚ᮍᓣ᠔خⱘ߸ᮁDŽ .2 ḋᵓǃ㸼Ḑǃᷛޚḋᵓৃ㛑ࣙᣀᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘḋᵓǃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦḋᵓϢ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈবࠊ㸼ḐDŽ 㣗ೈ㾘ߦ˖៤ᵰ .1 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⧁ᄤ⹂ᅮǃ䆄䕑ǃḌᅲǃㅵ⧚ࠊ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘᣛफDŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘݙᆍ᳝˖xḍ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк㓪ࠊ䆺㒚乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкⱘϔϾ䖛˗x㛑ḍ䆺㒚ⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкࠊᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘˈᑊ⹂ᅮབԩ㓈ᣕϢᡍޚ䆹Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘⱘϔϾ䖛˗x㾘ᅮབԩℷᓣḌᅲϢ偠ᬊ乍ⳂᏆᅠ៤ৃѸҬ៤ᵰⱘϔϾ䖛˗xࠊ䆺㒚乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкব䇋∖໘⧚ᮍᓣⱘϔϾ䖛DŽ䆹䖛ৠᭈԧবࠊ䖛᳝Ⳉ㘨㋏˄㾕㡖˅DŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦࣙ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦПݙˈгৃЎ݊Ёϔ乍ߚ䅵ߦDŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦৃҹᰃℷᓣ䴲ℷᓣⱘˈᵕЎ䆺㒚Ⳍᔧὖᣀⱘˈԧ㾚乍Ⳃⱘ䳔㽕㗠ᅮDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1082004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
㣗ೈᅮН䆺㒚乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкⱘ㓪ࠊ݇㋏ࠄ乍Ⳃⱘ៤䋹ˈ㓪ࠊⱘ⸔ᰃ乍Ⳃਃࡼ䖛Ё䆄䕑Ѣ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкݙⱘЏ㽕ৃѸҬ៤ᵰǃ؛䆒ࠊ㑺㋴DŽ㾘ߦ䖛ЁˈЎᇍ乍ⳂᏆ㒣᳝њⱘњ㾷ˈ㗠⹂ᅮϢ䇈ᯢ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈᯊᑨࡴԧDŽ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ䳔㽕ǃᜓᳯϢᳳᳯ㒣䖛ߚᵤব៤њ㽕∖䇈ᯢкDŽߚᵤ؛䆒ࠊ㑺㋴ᯊ㽕⊼ᛣᰃ৺ᅠᭈˈᖙ㽕ᯊৃҹ⏏ࡴDŽ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ݊ҪᇍѢ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк᳝⏅ܹⳟ⊩ⱘ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ৃҹ䖯㸠䖭ḋⱘߚᵤᑊᇚ㒧ᵰᔶ៤᭛ӊDŽ5ձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.1ѻકߚᵤ.1乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.2乍Ⳃゴ.2݊ҪᮍḜ䆚߿.2⬇䇋ⱘব.3乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.3ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ߚᵤ˄ᮄ˅.5ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖5-4˖㣗ೈᅮН˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ 㣗ೈᅮН˖ձ .1 㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻᏆ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ .2 乍Ⳃゴབᵰᅲᮑ㒘㒛ϡՓ⫼乍Ⳃゴˈ߭ᑨপᕫᦤߎ㉏Ԑⱘֵᙃˈᑊ⫼Ѣࠊᅮ䆺㒚ⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкDŽ .3 乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкབᵰᅲᮑ㒘㒛ϡՓ⫼乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкˈ߭ᑨপᕫᦤߎ㉏Ԑⱘֵᙃˈࣙᣀѻક㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкˈᑊ⫼Ѣࠊᅮ䆺㒚ⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкDŽ .4 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦᏆ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ .5 ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖˄㾕㡖˅ৃ㛑Ӯᬍব乍Ⳃ㣗ೈǃ乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ǃ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺDŽব䗮ᐌᰃ乍ⳂᎹⱘ䖯㸠䖛Ё䆚߿ᡍޚⱘDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 109
Ѩゴ 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚ 㣗ೈᅮН˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ .1 ѻકߚᵤᇚ乍ⳂⳂᷛব៤᳝ᔶⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰ㽕∖䇈ᯢкˈ↣ϔᑨ⫼乚ඳ䛑᳝ϔϾϾ᱂䘡݀䅸ⱘᮍ⊩DŽѻકߚᵤࣙᣀ䇌བѻકߚ㾷ǃ㋏㒳ߚᵤǃ㋏㒳ᎹǃӋؐᎹǃӋؐߚᵤࡳ㛑ߚᵤㄝᡔᴃDŽ .2 ݊ҪᮍḜ䆚߿݊ҪᮍḜ䆚߿ᰃ⫼ᴹᦤߎᠻ㸠Ϣᅲᮑ乍ⳂᎹⱘϡৠࡲ⊩ⱘϔ⾡ᡔᴃDŽᴀゴᐌ⫼⾡ḋⱘ䗮⫼ㅵ⧚ᡔᴃˈ᳔ᐌ⫼㗙ᰃ༈㛥亢ᲈ⊩Ϣ῾ᗱ㓈DŽ .3 ϧᆊ߸ᮁ↣ϔϾᑨ⫼乚ඳ䛑᳝ৃ⫼ᴹᦤߎ䆺㒚乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк䚼ߚݙᆍⱘϧᆊDŽ .4 ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ߚᵤ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ߚᵤ䆚߿⾡ḋ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘᕅડ߽Ⲟˈᑊᇚ݊䳔㽕ǃᜓᳯϢᳳᳯᔶ៤᭛ӊDŽߚᵤПৢˈᇍ䖭ѯ䳔㽕ǃᜓᳯϢᳳᳯ䖯㸠䗝ᢽˈ⹂ᅮ䞡㽕ᗻᇣ乎ᑣˈࡴҹ䞣࣪ˈᑊ㓪ݭߎ㽕∖䇈ᯢкDŽϡ㛑䞣࣪ⱘᳳᳯˈ՟བ乒ᅶⱘ⒵ᛣᑺЏ㾖ᗻᕜᔎˈ㗠㽕៤ࡳഄ⒵䎇亢䰽ᕜDŽ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ߽Ⲟৃ㛑ফࠄ乍Ⳃᠻ㸠ᅠ៤ⱘ᳝߽ϡ߽ᕅડˈℸҪӀгӮᇍ乍Ⳃঞ݊ৃѸҬ៤ᵰᮑࡴᕅડDŽ 㣗ೈᅮН˖៤ᵰ .1 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк䆺㒚ഄ䇈ᯢњ乍ⳂⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰЎᦤѸ䖭ѯৃѸҬ៤ᵰ㗠ᖙ乏䖯㸠ⱘᎹDŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк䖬ᰃ᠔᳝乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ᇍ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘ݅ৠ⧚㾷ˈ䇈ᯢњ乍ⳂⱘЏ㽕ⳂᷛDŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк䖬Փ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ㛑ᅲᮑ䆺㒚ⱘ㾘ߦˈᠻ㸠䖛Ёᣛᇐ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤⱘᎹˈᑊᵘ៤њ䆘Ӌব䇋∖ࡴⱘᎹᰃ৺䍙ߎњ乍Ⳃ䖍⬠ⱘޚDŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкᇍѢાѯᎹ㽕خϡ㽕خⱘᯢ⹂ᑺ∈ᑇއᅮњ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⧁ᄤࠊᭈϾ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘདണDŽㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ㣗ೈজ䖯ϔℹއᅮњ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⧁ᄤ㾘ߦǃㅵ⧚ࠊ乍Ⳃᠻ㸠ⱘདണDŽ䆺㒚ⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкৃ㛑Ⳉҹᓩ⫼݊Ҫ᭛ӊⱘᔶᓣ䯈ࣙᣀབϟџ乍˖®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1102004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
x乍ⳂⳂᷛDŽ乍ⳂⳂᷛࣙᣀৃ⌟䞣ⱘ乍Ⳃ៤ࡳᷛޚDŽ乍Ⳃৃ㛑᳝⾡ḋⱘ㒣㧹ǃ䌍⫼ǃ䖯ᑺǃᡔᴃ䋼䞣ⳂᷛDŽ乍ⳂⳂᷛৃ㛑䖬ࣙᣀ䌍⫼ǃ䖯ᑺ䋼䞣ᣛᷛDŽ↣ϔϾ乍ⳂⳂᷛ䛑᳝ሲᗻˈ՟བ䌍⫼Ⳃᷛህ᳝㕢ܗЎ䅵䞣ऩԡˈᑊ᳝㒱ᇍⳌᇍ᭄ؐˈ՟བᇥѢ150ϛ㕢ܗDŽxѻક㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкDŽѻક㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк䇈ᯢњ乍Ⳃᑨ߯䗴ⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰⱘ⡍ᕕDŽ䖭ѯ⡍ᕕ䗮ᐌᮽᳳ䰊↉ϡ䆺㒚ˈ㗠ҹৢⱘ䰊↉ˈ䱣ⴔѻકⱘ⡍ᕕ䗤ℹᯢ⹂ˈѻક㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкгህ䗤ℹ䆺㒚䍋ᴹDŽ㱑✊䖭ѯ⡍ᕕⱘᔶᓣϢᅲ䋼ᕐℸП䯈ⳌᏂ ⅞ˈԚ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкҎ䛑ᦤկ䎇ⱘ㒚㡖䜡ড়ৢᴹⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ㾘ߦDŽ5x乍Ⳃ㽕∖䇈ᯢкDŽ乍Ⳃ㽕∖䇈ᯢк䇈ᯢњ乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰЎ⒵䎇ড়ৠǃᷛޚǃᡔᴃ㾘ᅮ䇈ᯢк݊Ҫℷᓣᔎࠊᗻ᭛ӊⱘ㽕∖㗠ᖙ乏⒵䎇ⱘᴵӊᖙ乏ⱘ㛑DŽᇍ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙᠔᳝䳔㽕ǃᜓᳯᳳᳯ᠔خⱘ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ߚᵤ㒧ᵰ㽕ᣝ✻䕏䞡㓧ᗹ䞡㽕ᗻᇣড乍Ⳃ㽕∖䇈ᯢкЁDŽx乍Ⳃ䖍⬠DŽ乍Ⳃ䖍⬠䗮ᐌᯢ⹂ાѯџ乍ሲѢ乍ⳂⱘݙᆍDŽབᵰᶤ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙䅸Ўᶤϔԧѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰᰃ乍Ⳃⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚˈ߭乍Ⳃ䖍⬠⏙Ἦഄ䇈ᯢњાѯџ乍ϡࣙᣀ乍ⳂПݙDŽx乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰDŽৃѸҬ៤ᵰ˄㾕˅᮶ࣙᣀ⬅乍Ⳃѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰ㒘៤ⱘ㒧ᵰˈгࣙᣀ䰘ᏺ㒧ᵰˈ՟བ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ਞ᭛ӊDŽᇍৃѸҬ៤ᵰৃҹὖᣀˈгৃҹ䆺㒚ഄ䇈ᯢˈԧ㾚乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкⱘᚙމ㗠ᅮDŽxѻક偠ᬊॳ߭DŽѻક偠ᬊޚ߭⹂ᅮњ偠ᬊᏆᅠ៤ѻકⱘ䖛ॳ߭DŽx乍Ⳃࠊ㑺㋴DŽ乍Ⳃࠊ㑺㋴߫ߎᑊ䇈ᯢৠ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ᳝݇ᑊ䰤ࠊ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ䗝ᢽⱘԧ乍Ⳃࠊ㑺㋴DŽ՟བˈ乒ᅶᅲᮑ㒘㒛ㅒথⱘџܜ⹂ᅮⱘ乘ㅫӏԩᔎࡴⱘ᮹ᳳ˄䖯ᑺ䞠˅DŽᔧ乍Ⳃḍড়ৠᅲᮑᯊˈড়ৠⱘᴵ᭛ϔ㠀䛑ᰃࠊ㑺㋴DŽ䆺㒚ⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк߫ߎⱘࠊ㑺㋴ϔ㠀䛑↨乍Ⳃゴ߫ߎⱘ㗠䆺㒚DŽx乍Ⳃ؛䆒DŽ乍Ⳃ؛䆒߫ߎᑊ䇈ᯢৠ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ᳝݇ⱘԧ乍Ⳃ؛䆒ঞ݊ϡ៤ゟᯊৃ㛑䗴៤ⱘ┰ৢᵰDŽ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ㒣ᐌ䆚߿ǃ䆄䕑ᑊ偠䆕؛䆒ˈ䖭乍ᎹሲѢ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ㾘ߦ䖛ⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽ䆺㒚ⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк߫ߎⱘ؛䆒ϔ㠀䛑↨乍Ⳃゴ߫ߎⱘ㗠䆺㒚DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 111
Ѩゴ 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚x乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㒘㒛DŽ䆚߿њ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤⱘ៤ਬϢ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙DŽ乍Ⳃⱘ㒘㒛гᔶ៤њ᭛ӊDŽx߱ℹ⹂ᅮⱘ亢䰽DŽ䆚߿њᏆⶹ亢䰽DŽx䖯ᑺ䞠DŽ乒ᅶᅲᮑ㒘㒛ৃ㛑䆚߿䞠ᑊЎ䖭ѯ䞠㾘ᅮᔎࠊᗻ᮹ᳳDŽ䖭ѯ᮹ᳳৃҹᔧ䖯ᑺࠊ㑺㋴ⳟᕙDŽx䌘䞥䰤ࠊDŽ䇈ᯢњ㕂Ѣ乍Ⳃ䞥Ϟⱘ᠔᳝䰤ࠊˈࣙᣀᘏ䞥乱㾘ᅮⱘᯊ䯈DŽx䌍⫼ԄㅫDŽ乍Ⳃⱘ䌍⫼Ԅㅫߚ㾷Ў乍Ⳃⱘ乘ᳳᘏ䌍⫼ˈ㗠Ϩϔ㠀ࠡ䴶ࡴϔϾׂ佄䆡ˈᣛᯢԄㅫⱘޚ⹂ᗻˈ՟བὖᗉ˄Ԅㅫ˅⹂ᅮ˄Ԅㅫ˅DŽx乍Ⳃ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚㽕∖DŽ䇈ᯢњ乍Ⳃᅲᮑⱘ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚বࠊ∈ᑇDŽx乍Ⳃᡔᴃ㾘ᅮ䇈ᯢкDŽ乍Ⳃᡔᴃ㾘ᅮ䇈ᯢк䆚߿њ乍Ⳃᑨᔧ䙉ᅜⱘᡔᴃ㾘ᅮ᭛ӊDŽxᡍޚ㽕∖DŽᡍޚ㽕∖䆚߿њ䗖⫼Ѣ䇌བ乍ⳂⳂᷛǃৃѸҬ៤ᵰǃ᭛ӊᎹㄝџ乍ⱘᡍޚ㽕∖DŽ .2 ⬇䇋ⱘবᇍ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦঞ݊ߚ䅵ߦ⬇䇋ⱘবৃҹ㣗ೈᅮН䖛ЁᦤߎDŽ⬇䇋ⱘব䗮䖛ᭈԧবࠊ䖛ᦤѸᅵᶹ໘㕂 .3 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚˈৃ㛑䳔㽕ᮄˈҹ֓ᇚ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈᅮН䖛ѻ⫳ᑊᡍޚⱘব䇋∖㒇ܹ݊ЁDŽࠊᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘҹৃѸҬ៤ᵰЎᇍ䈵ˈᇚᑨ⬅乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤЎᅲ⦄乍ⳂⳂᷛᑊ߯䗴ᖙ㽕ⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰ㗠ᠻ㸠ⱘᎹߚ㾷Пৢᕫࠄϔ⾡ሖ㒧ᵘDŽᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ⹂ᅮњ乍ⳂᭈϾ㣗ೈˈᑊᇚ᳝݊ᴵ⧚ഄ㒘㒛ϔ䍋DŽᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘᡞ乍ⳂᎹߚ៤䕗ᇣˈ֓Ѣㅵ⧚ⱘ乍Ꮉˈ↣ϟ䰡ϔϾሖᛣੇⴔᇍ乍ⳂᎹ䆺ሑⱘ䇈ᯢDŽሲѢᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘᑩሖ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘ䅵ߦᎹিخĀᎹࣙāˈৃҹᅝᥦ䖯ᑺ㸼ЁˈԄㅫ䌍⫼ˈⲥ㾚ࠊDŽᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘᰃᔧࠡᡍޚⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк㾘ᅮⱘᎹDŽᵘ៤Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘⱘϾ㒘៤䚼ߚ᳝ࡽѢ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙⧚㾷乍ⳂⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰ˄㾕↉˅DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1122004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.1Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘḋᵓ.1乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.2乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.2ߚ㾷˄ᮄ˅.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ.4ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.3Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼.4㣗ೈޚ.5乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.6⬇䇋ⱘব55-5˖ࠊᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ ࠊᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˖ձ .1 㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻᏆ↉䇈ᯢDŽ .2 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкᏆ↉䇈ᯢDŽ .3 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦᏆ↉䇈ᯢDŽ .4 ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖Ꮖ↉䇈ᯢDŽ ࠊᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ .1 Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘḋᵓ㱑✊↣Ͼ乍Ⳃ䛑ᰃ⣀⡍ⱘˈҹࠡ乍ⳂⱘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘᕔᕔৃҹᔧᮄ乍ⳂⱘḋᵓˈЎᶤѯ乍ⳂϢҹࠡⱘϔ乍Ⳃᘏ᳝ᶤ⾡ᑺⱘⳌԐП໘DŽ՟བˈ㒭ᅮ㒘㒛Ё䚼ߚ乍Ⳃⱘ⫳ੑᳳᕔᕔৠḋ㗙ⳌԐˈℸ↣Ͼ䰊↉ⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰᕔᕔⳌৠ㗙ⳌԐDŽ䆌ᑨ⫼乚ඳᅲᮑ㒘㒛䛑᳝ᷛޚⱘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘḋᵓDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘᅲ⫼ᷛޚᰃࠊǃ⏅࣪ᑨ⫼Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘⱘᣛफDŽ䆹᭛ӊ᳝ࣙ䩜ᇍ㸠ϮⱘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘḋᵓⱘ՟ᄤˈৃҹ䩜ᇍ㸠Ϯ⡍⚍䖯㸠ׂᬍПৢ⫼Ѣԧᑨ⫼乚ඳⱘԧ乍ⳂDŽ5-6㸼⼎ⱘᰃᶤᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘᅲ՟ⱘϔ䚼ߚˈ݊Ё㢹ᑆߚᬃᏆ㒣ϟߚ㾷ࠄᎹ㒚Ⳃ∈ᑇDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 113
Ѩゴ 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ䰊↉1䰊↉2ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ3ᄤ乍Ⳃ4ᄤ乍ⳂnৃѸҬ៤ᵰৃѸҬ៤ᵰৃѸҬ៤ᵰৃѸҬ៤ᵰৃѸҬ៤ᵰৃѸҬ៤ᵰৃѸҬ៤ᵰৃѸҬ៤ᵰৃѸҬ៤ᵰৃѸҬ៤ᵰᎹ㒚Ⳃᄤ乍ⳂᎹ㒚ⳂᎹ㒚Ⳃ ᄤ乍ⳂᎹ㒚ⳂᎹ㒚ⳂᎹ㒚ⳂᎹ㒚ⳂᎹ㒚ⳂᎹ㒚ⳂᎹ㒚ⳂᎹ㒚ⳂᎹ㒚Ⳃ5-6˖Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘВ՟ˈ㢹ᑆߚᬃᏆ㒣ϟߚ㾷ࠄᎹ㒚Ⳃ∈ᑇ .2 ߚ㾷ߚ㾷ህᰃᡞ乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰߚ៤䕗ᇣⱘˈ֓Ѣㅵ⧚ⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚˈⳈࠄᎹৃѸҬ៤ᵰᅮНࠄᎹࣙDŽᎹࣙᰃᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘЁⱘ᳔Ԣሖˈᰃ㛑ৃ䴴ഄԄㅫᎹ䌍⫼ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ⱘԡ㕂DŽᎹࣙⱘ䆺㒚ᑺ乍ⳂᇣϢϢᴖᑺ㗠ᓖDŽ㽕ᕜ䖰ⱘᇚᴹᅠ៤ⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰᄤ乍Ⳃˈৃ㛑ህ᮴⊩ߚ㾷DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⧁ᄤϔ㠀㽕ㄝࠄৃѸҬ៤ᵰᄤ乍Ⳃ㒣䖛䯤ᯢˈৃҹᦤߎᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒚㡖ⱘᯊDŽ䖭⾡ᡔᴃ᳝ᯊিخĀ⒮ࡼᓣā㾘ߦDŽϡৠⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰӮ᳝ϡৠⱘߚ㾷∈ᑇDŽЎњ䖒ࠄᯧѢㅵ⧚ⱘᎹࡾ˄ेᎹࣙ˅ˈ߯䗴ᶤѯৃѸҬ៤ᵰⱘᎹা乏ߚ㾷ࠄϟϔሖˈ㗠ϔѯ߭乏ߚ㾷ሖDŽᔧᎹߚ㾷ࠄϟϔሖᯊˈህᦤ催њ䆹㾘ߦǃㅵ⧚ࠊ䆹Ꮉⱘ㛑DŽ✊㗠ˈ䖛㒚ⱘߚ㾷ৃ㛑䗴៤ㅵ⧚㊒ⱘ᮴ᬜ㗫䌍ˈ䌘⑤߽⫼ᬜ⥛ϡ催ˈ⫮㟇䰡Ԣᅲᮑ䆹Ꮉⱘᬜ⥛DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⧁ᄤ䳔㽕ᴗ㸵Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘⱘ㾘ߦ䆺㒚ᑺⱘ催Ԣˈ᮶ϡ㛑㉫ˈгϡ㛑㒚DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1142004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ߚ㾷ᭈϾ乍ⳂᎹϔ㠀䳔㽕᳝ϟ߫⌏ࡼ˖x䆚߿ৃѸҬ៤ᵰϢ᳝݇Ꮉ˗x⹂ᅮᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘⱘ㒧ᵘϢ㓪ᥦ˗xᇚᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘⱘϞሖߚ㾷ࠄϟሖⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚ˗xЎᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚᦤߎᑊߚ䜡ᷛ䆚㓪ⷕ˗xḌᅲᎹⱘߚ㾷ⱘᑺᰃ৺ᖙ㽕㗠জ䎇DŽ㽕䆚߿乍ⳂЏ㽕ৃѸҬ៤ᵰЎℸ㗠ᖙ乏䖯㸠ⱘᎹˈህᖙ乏ߚᵤ䆺㒚ⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкDŽ䖭乍ߚᵤ䳔㽕᳝ᶤ⾡ᑺⱘϧᆊ߸ᮁˈᠡ㛑䆚߿᠔᳝ⱘ5Ꮉˈࣙᣀ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ৃѸҬ៤ᵰˈҹঞড়ৠ㽕∖ⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰDŽᡞৃѸҬ៤ᵰ᳝݇ⱘ乍ⳂᎹ㒘㒛Ϣ㓪ᥦϔϾৃҹ⒵䎇乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⧁ᄤࠊϢㅵ⧚㽕∖ⱘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘПݙᰃϔ⾡ৃҹ߽⫼Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘḋᵓᅠ៤ⱘߚᵤᡔᴃDŽ᳔ৢᕫࠄⱘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘৃҹ䞛প㢹ᑆᔶᓣˈ՟བ˖xབ5-6᠔⼎ˈᡞЏ㽕ৃѸҬ៤ᵰᄤ乍Ⳃᔧߚ㾷ⱘϔሖ˗x߽⫼5-6᠔⼎ⱘᄤ乍Ⳃˈ݊Ёᄤ乍Ⳃৃ㛑ᰃ⬅乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤПⱘ㒘㒛ᦤߎⱘDŽ՟བˈᶤѯᑨ⫼乚ඳˈ乍ⳂᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘৃ㛑ߚ៤Ͼ䚼ߚ⹂ᅮࠊᅮDŽ՟བˈ乍ⳂⱘᘏᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘৃҹ᳝Ͼৃҹথࣙߎএⱘᄤ乍ⳂDŽ䖭ḋϔᴹˈपЏህৃ㛑ЎᡓࣙⱘᎹࠊᅮ䕙ࡽᗻড়ৠᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘDŽxབ5-7᠔⼎ˈᡞ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳⱘϾ䰊↉ᔧߚ㾷ⱘϔሖˈᇚ乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰᬒѠሖ˗xབ5-8⼎ˈᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ↣ϔߚᬃݙՓ⫼ϡৠⱘᮍ⊩ˈ݊Ё䆩偠䆘ӋᰃϔϾ䰊↉ˈ亲㸠఼ᰃѻકˈ㗠䆁ᰃϔ⾡䕙ࡽᗻ᳡ࡵDŽߚ㾷Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘϞሖⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚ㽕∖ᇚ↣ϔৃѸҬ៤ᵰᄤ乍Ⳃߚ㾷Ўᴀⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚˈᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚҷ㸼ৃḌᅲⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰDŽ↣ϔ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘ⹂ᅮ䛑ᑨ⏙Ἦ㗠জᅠᭈˈᑊߚ䜡㒭ᅲᮑ㒘㒛ݙফᅠ៤䖭ϔᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚ䋷ӏⱘԧऩԡDŽᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚḍ乍ⳂᎹᅲ䰙Ϟབԩᠻ㸠Ϣࠊ⹂ᅮDŽ՟བˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ⢊ᗕਞ䖭ϔ㒘៤䚼ߚৃҹࣙᣀ↣਼ϔⱘ⢊ᗕਞˈ㗠ᑨࠊ䗴ⱘѻકৃ㛑ࣙᣀϾऩ⣀ⱘ䚼ӊࡴϞ᳔ৢ㒘㺙DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 115
Ѩゴ 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚Ḍᅲߚ㾷ᰃ৺ℷ⹂㽕∖Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘϟሖⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚϡԚᰃЎᅠ៤ϞሖᇍᑨⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰ᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘˈ㗠ϨᰃܙߚⱘDŽ䕃ӊѻક⠜乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ѻક㽕∖䆺㒚䆒䅵㓪䆒ᮑ㾘ߦ䕃ӊ䕃ӊ䕃ӊ䕃ӊӮ䆂⫼᠋᭛ӊ⫼᠋᭛ӊ⫼᠋᭛ӊ⫼᠋᭛ӊ㸠ᬓㅵ⧚䆁䇒ᴤ᭭䆁䇒ᴤ᭭䆁䇒ᴤ᭭䆁䇒ᴤ᭭䖭ϾWBSҙ⫼Ѣ䇈ᯢ䯂乬ˈϡᠧㅫ㸼⼎ӏԩԧ乍Ⳃⱘܼ䚼乍Ⳃ㣗ೈˈг≵᳝䇈ℸ㉏乍ⳂⱘWBSⱘ㒘㒛ᮍᓣা᳝䖭ϔ⾡DŽ5-7˖ᣝ䰊↉㒘㒛ⱘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘВ՟亲ᴎ㋏㒳乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䆁᭄亲㸠㺙㕂ᬃᣕ䆒䆒ᮑ䆩偠Ϣ䆘Ԅഄ㋏㒳Ꮉ㒘㒛ᬃᣕ䆒䆁ᡔᴃᣛҸൟ䆩偠ᓎㄥ⠽ㅵ⧚䆒䕙ࡽ乍ⳂЁሖᬃᣕ䆒ᮑ䆁䆒䅵᭄㓈ᡸ䆒ᮑ亲㸠⌟䆩ㅵ⧚⌏ࡼ䆒ҧᑧᬃᣕⷨࠊ䖛᳡ࡵ䆁ㅵ⧚᭄䆒⌟䆩⌟䆩䰆☿ࠊ亲ᴎ偼ᶊথࡼᴎ䗮䆃㋏㒳ᇐ㟾㋏㒳㋏㒳䖭ϾWBSҙ⫼Ѣ䇈ᯢ䯂乬ˈϡᠧㅫ㸼⼎ӏԩԧ乍Ⳃⱘܼ䚼乍Ⳃ㣗ೈˈг≵᳝䇈ѯ㉏乍ⳂⱘWBSⱘ㒘㒛ᮍᓣা᳝䖭ϔ⾡DŽ5-8˖䰆⠽䌘Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘВ՟®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1162004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ࠊᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˖៤ᵰ .1 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˄ᮄ˅བᵰࠊᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䖛᳝ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖ˈ߭ᇚᡍޚⱘব㒇ܹ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкˈՓПᮄDŽ .2 Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘࠊᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䖛⫳៤ⱘ݇䬂᭛ӊᰃᅲ䰙ⱘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘDŽϔ㠀䛑ЎᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ↣ϔ㒘៤䚼ߚˈࣙᣀᎹࣙϢࠊ䋺᠋䌟ќϔϾଃϔⱘ䋺᠋㓪ⷕᷛ䆚5ヺDŽ䖭ѯᷛ䆚ヺᔶ៤њϔ⾡䌍⫼ǃ䖯ᑺϢ䌘⑤ֵᙃ∛ᘏⱘሖ㒧ᵘDŽᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘϡᑨϢ݊Ҫ⫼ᴹ㸼⼎乍ⳂֵᙃⱘĀߚ㾷ā㒧ᵘ⏋Ўϔ䇜DŽᶤѯᑨ⫼乚ඳ݊Ҫⶹ䆚乚ඳՓ⫼ⱘ݊Ҫ㒧ᵘࣙᣀ˖y㒘㒛ߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄OBS˅DŽᣝ✻ሖᇚᎹࣙϢ㒘㒛ऩԡᔶ䈵ഄˈ᳝ᴵ⧚ഄ㘨㋏䍋ᴹⱘϔ⾡乍Ⳃ㒘㒛ᅝᥦᔶDŽyᴤ᭭⏙ऩ˄BOM˅DŽᇚࠊ䗴ѻક᠔䳔ⱘᅲԧ䚼ӊǃ㒘ӊ㒘៤䚼ߚᣝ✻㒘៤݇㋏ҹ㸼Ḑᔶᓣ㸼⦄ߎᴹⱘℷᓣ᭛ӊDŽy亢䰽ߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄RBS˅DŽᣝ✻亢䰽㉏߿ᔶ䈵㗠জ᳝ᴵ⧚ഄ䇈ᯢᏆ㒣䆚߿ⱘ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ⱘሖ㒧ᵘⱘϔ⾡ᔶDŽy䌘⑤ߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄RBS˅DŽᣝ✻⾡㉏ᔶᓣ㗠ᇍᇚ⫼Ѣ乍Ⳃⱘ䌘⑤䖯㸠ߦߚⱘሖ㑻㒧ᵘDŽ .3 Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼ࠊᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䖛⫳៤ˈᑊৠᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䜡ড়Փ⫼ⱘ᭛ӊিخᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼DŽᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘ䆺㒚ݙᆍˈࣙᣀᎹࣙϢࠊ䋺᠋ৃҹᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼Ё䇈ᯢDŽᇍѢ↣ϾᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚˈᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼䛑Ⳍᑨഄܹ߫ϔϾ䋺᠋㓪ⷕোⷕǃϔӑᎹ䇈ᯢкǃ䋳䋷ⱘ㒘㒛ˈҹঞϔӑ䖯ᑺ䞠⏙ऩDŽᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘֵᙃৃ㛑᳝ড়ৠֵᙃǃ䋼䞣㽕∖ˈҹঞ᳝ࡽѢᅲᮑᎹⱘᡔᴃখ㗗᭛⤂DŽࠊ䋺᠋ⱘ݊Ҫֵᙃৃ㛑ᰃ㛑ᰃϔϾᬊ䌍㓪োDŽᎹࣙⱘ݊ҪֵᙃӮᰃϔӑ᳝݇ⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼǃ䳔⫼ⱘ䌘⑤Ϣ䌍⫼Ԅㅫⱘ⏙ऩDŽᖙ㽕ᯊˈ↣ϾᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚ䛑ৃҹϢᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼Ё݊ҪᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚⳌѦᶹ䯙DŽ .4 㣗ೈޚᡍޚⱘ䆺㒚乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˄㾕˅ϢᇍᑨⱘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼䛑ᰃ乍Ⳃⱘ㣗ೈޚDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 117
Ѩゴ 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚ .5 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅བᵰࠊᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䖛᳝ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖ˈ߭乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦৃ㛑䳔㽕ᮄˈҹ֓ᇚᡍޚⱘব㒇ܹ݊ЁDŽ .6 ⬇䇋ⱘবࠊᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䖛Ёৃ㛑ᇍ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкঞ݊㒘៤䚼ߚᦤߎব䇋∖ˈᑊ䗮䖛ᭈԧবࠊ䖛䖯㸠ᅵᶹϢᡍޚDŽ㣗ೈḌᅲ㣗ೈḌᅲᰃপᕫ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ᇍᏆᅠ៤ⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈϢⳌᑨⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰℷᓣ偠ᬊⱘ䖛DŽḌᅲ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈࣙᣀᅵᶹৃѸҬ៤ᵰˈ⹂ֱ↣ϔ乍ⱘᅠ៤䛑ҸҎ⒵ᛣDŽབᵰ乍Ⳃᦤࠡ㒜ℶˈ߭乍Ⳃ㣗ೈḌᅲ䖛ᑨᔧᶹᯢᑊ䆄䕑ᅠ៤ⱘ∈ᑇϢᑺDŽ㣗ೈḌᅲϢ䋼䞣ࠊⱘϡৠѢℸ䖛Џ㽕݇ᖗ偠ᬊৃѸҬ៤ᵰˈ㗠䋼䞣ࠊЏ㽕݇ᖗ⒵䎇ЎৃѸҬ៤ᵰ㾘ᅮⱘ䋼䞣㽕∖DŽ䋼䞣ࠊϔ㠀ܜѢ㣗ೈḌᅲ䖯㸠ˈԚϸ㗙гৃҹৠᯊ䖯㸠DŽձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ偠ᬊⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰ.1Ẕᶹ.乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.2⬇䇋ⱘব.2Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼.3㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ5-9˖㣗ೈḌᅲ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ 㣗ೈḌᅲ˖ձ .1 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкࣙᣀ䇈ᯢᕙᅵ乍Ⳃѻકⱘѻક㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкѻક偠ᬊॳ߭DŽ .2 Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼ᰃ䆺㒚ⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈᅮНⱘϔϾ㒘៤䚼ߚˈᑊ⫼ѢḌᅲᏆᦤѸᑊ偠ᬊⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰᰃ৺Ꮖܹ߫ᡍޚⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈПݙDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1182004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.3 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦᏆ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ .4 ৃѸҬ៤ᵰৃѸҬ៤ᵰህᰃᏆ㒣ܼ䚼䚼ߚᅠ៤ˈ㗠ᰃᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᠻ㸠䖛˄㾕㡖˅ⱘ៤ᵰⱘџ乍Ϣ⠽કDŽ 㣗ೈḌᅲ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ5 .1 ẔᶹẔᶹࣙᣀ䗮䖛䇌བ⌟䞣ǃҨ㒚ẔᶹϢḌᅲㄝ䖛߸ᮁᎹϢৃѸҬ៤ᵰᰃ৺ヺড়㽕∖Ϣѻક偠ᬊॳ߭ⱘ乍⌏ࡼDŽẔᶹ᳝䆘ᅵǃѻક䆘ᅵǃᅵ䅵Ϣⓨ㒗ㄝ⾡ৡ⿄˗ᶤѯᑨ⫼乚ඳЁˈ䖭ѯϡৠৡ⿄᳝䕗じǃ䕗ԧⱘНDŽ 㣗ೈḌᅲ˖៤ᵰ .1 偠ᬊⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰ㣗ೈḌᅲ䖛䆄䕑њᏆᅠ៤ᑊ㒣䖛偠ᬊⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰDŽᏆ㒣ᅠ៤Ԛᇮ偠ᬊⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰг䆄䕑ϟᴹˈᑊ䰘᳝偠ᬊⱘ⧚⬅DŽ㣗ೈḌᅲࣙᣀᬊࠄⱘ乒ᅶ䌲ࡽҎ䆕ᯢ᭛ӊˈᑊ䆄䕑߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙偠ᬊ乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰⱘџᅲDŽ .2 ⬇䇋ⱘব㣗ೈḌᅲ䖛Ёৃ㛑ᦤߎব䇋∖ˈᑊ䗮䖛ᭈԧবࠊ䖛䖯㸠ᅵᶹϢᡍޚDŽ .3 㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼᏆ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ.㣗ೈࠊ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈࠊ݇ᖗⱘᰃᇍ䗴៤乍Ⳃ㣗ೈবⱘ㋴ᮑࡴᕅડᑊࠊ䖭ѯব䗴៤ⱘৢᵰDŽ㣗ೈࠊ⹂ֱ᠔᳝⬇䇋ⱘবϢ㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ䗮䖛乍Ⳃᭈԧবࠊ䖛䖯㸠໘⧚DŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈࠊгᅲ䰙বߎ⦄ᯊ⫼Ѣㅵ⧚䖭ѯবᑊϢ݊Ҫࠊ䖛㒧ড়ЎᭈԧDŽᕫࠄࠊⱘব䗮ᐌ⿄Ў乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ┰বDŽবϡৃ䙓ܡˈ㗠ᖙ乏ᔎࠊᅲᮑᶤ⾡ᔶᓣⱘবࠊ䖛DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 119
Ѩゴ 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚ձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1বࠊ㋏㒳.1乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˄ᮄ˅.1乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.2أᏂߚᵤ.2Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄ᮄ˅.2Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ.3Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼.3㸹ܙ㾘ߦ.3Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼˄ᮄ.4乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4䜡㕂ㅵ⧚㋏㒳˅.4㣗ೈޚ˄ᮄ˅.5䖯ሩਞ.6ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.5⬇䇋ⱘব.6㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.7Ꮉᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃ.7㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.8乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅5-10˖㣗ೈࠊ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ 㣗ೈࠊ˖ձ .1 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк䖲ৠᇍᑨⱘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘϢᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼˄㾕㡖˅ϔ䍋⹂ᅮњ乍Ⳃⱘ㣗ೈޚѻક㣗ೈDŽ .2 Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘᏆ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ .3 Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼Ꮖ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ .4 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦᏆ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ .5 䖯ሩਞ䖯ሩਞᦤկњ乍ⳂᎹᅲᮑᚙމⱘֵᙃˈ՟བᏆ㒣ᅠ៤ⱘЁ䯈ৃѸҬ៤ᵰDŽ .6 ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖ᡍޚᕅડ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘব䇋∖˄㾕↉˅ᰃᇍ⬅ᡍޚⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкǃᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘϢᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼݅ৠ⹂ᅮˈᑊ㒣ᮍ䴶ৠᛣⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈޚⱘӏԩϔ⾡ׂℷDŽ .7 ᎹᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃᏆ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1202004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
㣗ೈࠊ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ .1 বࠊ㋏㒳乍Ⳃ㣗ೈবࠊ㋏㒳ˈ䆄䕑Ѣ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦˈ㾘ᅮњ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈϢѻક㣗ೈব᠔ᑨ䙉ᕾⱘᑣDŽ䆹㋏㒳ࣙᣀ᭛ᄫᎹǃ䗑䏾ࠊᑺǃҹঞḌޚব᠔䳔䗮䖛ⱘᅵᡍሖDŽ㣗ೈবࠊᑨᔧϢӏԩ㓐ড়乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳˄㾕↉˅㒧ড়Ўᭈԧˈ݅ৠࠊ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈDŽ乍Ⳃᣝড়ৠᅲᮑᯊˈ䆹বࠊ㋏㒳䖬ᖙ乏ヺড়ড়ৠᴵℒЁ᠔᳝ⱘ᳝݇㾘ᅮDŽ5 .2 أᏂߚᵤ乍Ⳃᅲᮑ㒧ᵰ⌟䞣᭄⫼Ѣ䆘ӋأᏂⱘᇣDŽ߸ᮁ䗴៤أ⾏㣗ೈޚ(㾕↉)ⱘॳҹঞއᅮᰃ৺ᑨᔧ䞛প㑴ℷᮑ䛑ᰃ㣗ೈࠊⱘ䞡㽕㒘៤䚼ߚDŽ .3 㸹ܙ㾘ߦᕅડ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘব䇋∖ᡍޚৢৃ㛑㽕∖ᇍᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘϢᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼ǃ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкϢ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䖯㸠ׂᬍDŽᡍޚⱘব䇋∖᳝ৃ㛑៤Ўᮄ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘॳDŽ .4 䜡㕂ㅵ⧚㋏㒳ℷᓣⱘ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚㋏㒳˄㾕↉˅ᰃৃѸҬ៤ᵰ⢊ᗕ˄ॳ᭛ϡ⏙üü䆥㗙⊼˅ⱘᑣˈᑊ⹂ֱᇍ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈϢѻક㣗ೈⱘব䇋∖㒣䖛ܼ䴶䗣ᕏⱘ㗗㰥ᑊᔶ៤᭛ӊৢݡѸ⬅ᭈԧবࠊ䖛໘⧚DŽ 㣗ೈࠊ˖៤ᵰ .1 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˄ᮄ˅བᵰᡍޚⱘব䇋∖ᇍ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ᳝ᕅડˈ߭乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкׂᬍПৢ䞡ᮄথߎˈҹ֓ড䆹ᡍޚⱘবDŽᮄⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкব៤њᇚᴹবⱘᮄ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈޚDŽ .2 Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄ᮄ˅བᵰᡍޚⱘব䇋∖ᇍ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ᳝ᕅડˈ߭Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘׂᬍПৢ䞡ᮄথߎˈҹ֓ড䆹ᡍޚⱘবDŽ .3 Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼˄ᮄ˅བᵰᡍޚⱘব䇋∖ᇍ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ᳝ᕅડˈ߭Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼ׂᬍПৢ䞡ᮄথߎˈҹ֓ড䆹ᡍޚⱘবDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 121
Ѩゴ 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚ .4 㣗ೈޚ˄ᮄ˅Ꮖ↉Ё䇈ᯢDŽ .5 ⬇䇋ⱘব乍Ⳃ㣗ೈࠊⱘ㒧ᵰৃ㛑Ӯᦤߎব䇋∖ˈ䖭ѯব䇋∖ᣝ✻乍Ⳃᭈԧবࠊ䖛ᅵᶹϢ໘㕂DŽ .6 㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼህᰃЎњՓ乍Ⳃᴹ乘ᳳⱘᅲᮑ㒧ᵰϢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦϢ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкֱᣕϔ㟈㗠㤤ⱘӏԩℹ偸DŽ .7 㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅أᏂѻ⫳ⱘॳǃ䗝ᅮ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼⱘ⧚⬅ˈҹঞҢ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈࠊЁপⱘ݊Ҫ㉏ൟⱘᬭ䆁ഛ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻग़᭄ᑧЁ䆄䕑ᑊᮄDŽ .8 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅བᵰᡍޚⱘব䇋∖ᇍ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ᳝ᕅડˈ߭Ⳍᑨⱘ䚼ߚ᭛ӊϢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘ䌍⫼ޚ䖯ᑺޚׂᬍПৢ䞡ᮄথߎˈҹ֓ড䆹ᡍޚⱘবDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1222004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
݁ゴ乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚6乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚ࣙᣀՓ乍Ⳃᣝᯊᅠ៤ᖙ乏䖯㸠ⱘ乍䖛DŽ6-1ᰃ乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚䖛ὖ䉠ˈ6-2߭ᰃ䖭ѯ䖛ঞ݊ձϢ៤ᵰˈҹঞ݊Ҫ᳝݇ⶹ䆚乚ඳ䖛ⱘ⌕DŽ乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚ࣙᣀⱘ䖛བϟ˖⌏ࡼᅮН – ⹂ᅮЎѻ⫳乍Ⳃ⾡ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ㗠ᖙ乏䖯㸠ⱘԧ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼDŽ⌏ࡼᥦᑣ – ⹂ᅮ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼП䯈ⱘձᄬ݇㋏ˈᑊᔶ៤᭛ӊDŽ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ – Ԅㅫᅠ៤䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ᠔䳔䌘⑤ⱘ⾡㉏Ϣ᭄䞣DŽ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ – Ԅㅫᅠ៤䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ᠔䳔Ꮉᯊऩԡ᭄DŽࠊ䅶䖯ᑺ㸼 – ߚᵤ⌏ࡼ乎ᑣǃ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ǃ䌘⑤㽕∖ˈҹঞ䖯ᑺࠊ㑺㋴ˈ㗠ࠊ䅶乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼DŽ䖯ᑺࠊ – ࠊ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼বDŽϞ䗄䖛ᕐℸП䯈ˈҹঞϢ݊Ҫⶹ䆚乚ඳ䖛䛑ѸѦ⫼DŽϾ䖛ৃ㛑䳔㽕ϔҎҎ䲚ԧҬߎࡾˈԧ㾚乍Ⳃᚙމ㗠ᅮDŽϔ㠀䇈ᴹˈϾ䖛乍ⳂЁ㟇ᇥߎ⦄ϔˈ㗠乍Ⳃ㢹ߦߚЎ䰊↉ˈ߭ӮϾ䰊↉ߎ⦄ϔDŽ㱑✊ᴀゴᇚϾ䖛ߦߚЎ⬠㒓ߚᯢⱘ⣀ゟ䚼ߚৢ䖯㸠ҟ㒡ˈԚᰃᅲ䏉ЁˈᅗӀैҹᴀゴϡ㛑䆺㒚ҟ㒡ⱘᮍᓣѸ䫭䞡䗁ϢѸѦ⫼DŽ݇Ѣ䖛䯈ѸѦ⫼ˈ䇋খⳟ3ゴDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 123
݁ゴ 乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚ᶤѯ乍Ⳃˈ⡍߿ᰃᇣ乍Ⳃˈ⌏ࡼᥦᑣˈ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫǃ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫҹঞ䖯ᑺ㸼ࠊ䅶П䯈㘨㋏ᆚߛˈৃҹᇚ݊㾚Ўऩϔⱘ䖛ˈৃҹ⬅ϔϾҎ䕗ⷁⱘᯊ䯈ݙᅠ៤DŽԚᴀゴҡᣝϡৠ䖛䖯㸠ҟ㒡ˈЎ↣Ͼ䖛᠔⫼ⱘᎹᡔᴃϡⳌৠDŽᓔሩᅲᮑ乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚6Ͼ䖛ᎹПࠡˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⧁ᄤᏆ㒣Ҭߎࡾ䖯㸠њ㾘ߦᎹˈ䖭乍ᎹᰃϔϾऩ⣀ⱘ䖛ˈᴀゴҟ㒡DŽ䖭ϔ㾘ߦ䖛ᰃࠊᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䖛ⱘϔ䚼ߚ˄㾕㡖˅ˈ݊៤ᵰЁ᳝ϔӑ䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦDŽ䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦ⹂ᅮњࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ⱘḐᓣϢࠊ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺⱘޚ߭DŽ乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚ⱘϾ䖛ˈҹঞ᳝݇ⱘᎹϢᡔᴃᑨ⫼乚ඳ㗠ᓖˈ⹂ᅮПৢ䗮ᐌ䛑ሲѢ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳ˄㾕㡖˅ⱘϔ䚼ߚˈᑊ䆄䕑Ѣ䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦПݙDŽ䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦࣙᣀ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦПݙ˄㾕㡖ᓩ㿔˅ˈऩ⣀߫ߎDŽ䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦৃҹᰃℷᓣⱘˈѺৃ䴲ℷᓣˈৃҹⳌᔧὖᣀˈѺৃ䴲ᐌ䆺㒚ˈԧ㾚乍Ⳃⱘ䳔㽕㗠ᅮDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1242004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚⌏ࡼᥦᑣ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ⌏ࡼᅮН.1ձ.1ձ.1ձ.1џϮ⦃๗㋴.1џϮ⦃๗㋴.1乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.3⌏ࡼሲᗻ.3⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ.4Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ.4䞠⏙ऩ.4⌏ࡼሲᗻ.5ৃ߽⫼䌘⑤ᚙމ.5Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼.5ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1㋻ࠡ݇㋏㒬⊩.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ(PDM) .2ㆁ㒓⊩.1ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.1ߚ㾷(ADM) ḋᵓ.3䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ḋᵓ.2ᮍḜߚᵤ.3ߎ⠜ⱘԄㅫ᭄.3⒮ࡼᓣ㾘ߦ.4⹂ᅮձ䌪݇㋏.4乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊ.4ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.5߽⫼ᦤࠡ䞣Ϣ⒲ৢ䞣.5㾘ߦ㒘៤䚼ߚ.3៤ᵰ.3៤ᵰ.1⌏ࡼ䌘⑤㽕∖.3៤ᵰ.1乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰.2⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄ᮄ˅.1⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ.2⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ˄ᮄ˅.2⌏ࡼሲᗻ.3⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄ᮄ˅.3䌘⑤ߚ㾷㒧ᵘ.4䌘⑤᮹ग़˄ᮄ˅.3䞠⏙ऩ.4⬇䇋ⱘব.5⬇䇋ⱘব.4⬇䇋ⱘবࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼䖯ᑺࠊ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ.1ձ.1ձ.1ձ.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.1䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1џϮ⦃๗㋴.2乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.2䖯ᑺޚ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.3⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.4⌏ࡼሲᗻ.3䖯ሩਞ.4⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ.5乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰.4ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.6⌏ࡼ䌘⑤㽕∖.5⌏ࡼሲᗻ.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.6⌏ࡼ䌘⑤㽕∖.7䌘⑤᮹ग़.1䖯ᑺਞ.8⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ.7䌘⑤᮹ग़.2䖯ᑺবࠊ㋏㒳 .9乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.8乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.3䖯ሩ⌟䞣x亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠx亢䰽ⱏ䆄㸼.4乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊx⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.5أᏂߚᵤ.1䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤ.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.6䖯ᑺय़㓽῾䘧.2݇䬂䏃㒓⊩.1ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.3䖯ᑺय़㓽.3៤ᵰ.2㉏↨Ԅㅫ.4؛䆒എ᱃ߚᵤ.1䖯ᑺൟ᭄˄ᮄ˅.3খ᭄Ԅㅫ.5䌘⑤ഛ㸵.2䖯ᑺޚ˄ᮄ˅.4ϝ⚍Ԅㅫ.6݇䬂䫒⊩.3䖯ሩ⌟䞣.5ৢߚᵤ.7乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊ.4⬇䇋ⱘব.8ḍ᮹ग़䇗ᭈ.3៤ᵰ.5㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.9䇗ᭈᯊ䯈ᦤࠡϢ⒲ৢ䞣.1⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ.6㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.10 䖯ᑺൟ.2⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄ᮄ˅.7⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ˄ᮄ˅.3៤ᵰ.8⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄ᮄ˅.1乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼.9乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.2䖯ᑺൟ᭄.3䖯ᑺޚ.4䌘⑤㽕∖˄ᮄ˅.5⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄ᮄ˅.6乍Ⳃ᮹ग़˄ᮄ˅.7⬇䇋ⱘব.8乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅x䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅6-1˖乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚ὖ䉠®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 125
݁ゴ 乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈᅮН⌏ࡼᅮН乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄˅˄˅˄˅Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ⌏ࡼ⏙ऩᡍޚⱘব䇋∖ࠊᎹᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼⌏ࡼሲᗻᡍޚⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䞠⏙ऩ˄˅⬇䇋ⱘব䌘⑤ⱘ᳝᮴ϢᆵџϮ⦃๗㋴㒘㒛ᮍ䩜⬇䇋ⱘবग़ֵᙃ⌏ࡼᥦᑣ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅乍Ⳃ᮹ग़˄˅乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰पᮍ䗝ᢽ䌘⑤ⱘ᳝᮴Ϣᆵ ˄˅⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ⬇䇋ⱘব˄˅㒘ᓎ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ䌘⑤ⱘ᳝᮴Ϣᆵ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤㽕∖䌘⑤ߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄˅䌘⑤᮹ग़˄ᮄ˅⌏ࡼᣕ㓁⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ䌍⫼Ԅㅫᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ⬇䇋ⱘব˄˅˄˅⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ ࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅˄˅⬇䇋ⱘব˄˅䖯ሩਞ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼 䖯ሩਞ䖯ᑺൟ᭄˄˅䖯ᑺޚ䌘⑤㽕∖˄ᮄ˅乍Ⳃ᮹ग़˄ᮄ˅ᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚Ꮉ䖯ሩֵᙃ乍Ⳃᠻ㸠ᅲᮑᚙމ⌟䞣⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ˄ᮄ˅˄˅⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄ᮄ˅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅䖯ᑺޚ˄ᮄ˅䖯ᑺൟ᭄˄ᮄ˅乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ᡍޚⱘ㒧ᴳ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺࠊব䇋∖⬇䇋ⱘব㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅˄˅˄˅㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ˄˅䇈ᯢ˖Ёᇚܼ䚼ⳌѦ݇㋏ϢⳌѦ⫼ҹঞ᭄⌕䛑㸼⼎ߎᴹDŽ6-2˖乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚䖛⌕®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1262004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
⌏ࡼᅮН⹂ᅮ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䳔㽕⹂ᅮ䆄䕑䅵ߦᅠ៤ⱘᎹDŽ⌏ࡼᅮН䖛䆚߿໘ѢᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄WBS˅᳔ϟሖিخᎹࣙⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰDŽ乍ⳂᎹ㒘ড়᳝䅵ߦഄߚ㾷Ўিخ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᇣⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚˈЎԄㅫǃᅝᥦ䖯ᑺǃᠻ㸠ˈҹঞⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ乍ⳂᎹ༴ᅮ⸔DŽ⹂ᅮᑊ㾘ߦ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼҹ֓ᅲ⦄乍ⳂⳂᷛᰃᴀ䖛᮴乏㿔ⱘӏࡵDŽձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1џϮ⦃๗㋴.1ߚ㾷.1⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2ḋᵓ.2⌏ࡼሲᗻ.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.3⒮ࡼᓣ㾘ߦ.3䞠⏙ऩᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ.4ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.4⬇䇋ⱘব.5Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼.5㾘ߦ㒘៤䚼ߚ.6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ6-3˖⌏ࡼᅮН˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ ⌏ࡼᅮН˖ձ .1 џϮ⦃๗㋴ৃҹ㗗㰥ⱘџϮ⦃๗㋴˄㾕↉˅᳝ᰃ৺᳝ৃ߽⫼ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳Ϣ䖯ᑺᅝᥦᎹ䕃ӊDŽ .2 㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ(㾕↉)ࣙᣀৠ⌏ࡼ㾘ߦ᳝݇ⱘℷᓣϢ䴲ℷᓣᮍ䩜ǃᑣϢॳ߭ˈ䳔㽕⌏ࡼᅮНЁ㒭ќ㗗㰥DŽপⱘᬭ䆁ⶹ䆚ᑧ㮣᳝ҹࠡ㉏Ԑ乍Ⳃ⫼䖛ⱘ᳝݇⌏ࡼ⏙ऩⱘग़ֵᙃˈ⹂ᅮ乍Ⳃ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᯊৃҹ㗗㰥DŽ .3 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкᅮН⌏ࡼᅮНᯊᰒ✊㽕㗗㰥乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк(㾕↉)Ё䆄䕑ⱘ乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰǃࠊ㑺㋴Ϣ؛䆒DŽࠊ㑺㋴ᰃ䰤ࠊ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⧁ᄤ䗝ᢽⱘ㋴ˈ՟བড催ሖㅵ⧚Ҏਬড়ৠ㽕∖ⱘᔎࠊᗻᅠ៤᮹ᳳⱘ䖯ᑺ䞠DŽ؛䆒ᰃ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㾘ߦᯊ㾚Ўⳳⱘⳳⱘ㋴ˈ՟བ↣਼ⱘᎹᯊ䯈ϔᑈᔧЁৃ⫼ѢᮑᎹⱘᯊ䯈DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 127
݁ゴ 乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚ .4Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄㾕↉˅ᰃ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᅮНⱘᴀձDŽ .5Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼˄㾕↉˅ᰃ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᅮНⱘᴀձDŽ .6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ᳝ࣙ䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㾕6ゴᓩ㿔˅DŽ䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦᰃࠊᅮϢ㾘ߦ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘᣛफDŽ⌏ࡼᅮН˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ .1ߚ㾷ህ⌏ࡼᅮН䖛㗠㿔ˈߚ㾷ᡔᴃᣛᡞ乍ⳂᎹ㒘ড়䖯ϔℹߚ㾷ЎᇣˈᯧѢㅵ⧚িخ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽ⌏ࡼᅮН⹂ᅮⱘ᳔㒜៤ᵰᰃ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼˈ㗠ϡᰃࠊᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䖛˄㾕㡖˅ⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰDŽ⌏ࡼ⏙ऩǃᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘϢᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼᮶ৃҹߚܜৢᅠ៤ˈѺৃৠᯊࠊᅮˈഛЎ⹂ᅮ㓪ࠊ⌏ࡼ⏙ऩⱘ⸔DŽᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘЁⱘ↣ϔϾᎹ㒘ড়䛑ߚ㾷៤ЎᦤѸᎹ㒘ড়㗠ᖙ䳔ⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼDŽ⌏ࡼᅮН䗮ᐌ⬅䋳䋷䖭ϔᎹ㒘ড়ⱘ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ៤ਬᅠ៤DŽ .2 ḋᵓᷛޚⱘҹࠡ乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼ⏙ऩⱘϔ䚼ߚˈᕔᕔৃᔧᮄ乍Ⳃⱘḋᵓ˄㾕↉˅Փ⫼DŽḋᵓЁⱘ᳝݇⌏ࡼሲᗻֵᙃ䖬ৃ㛑ࣙ䌘⑤ᡔ㛑ҹঞ᠔䳔ᯊ䯈ⱘ⏙ऩǃ亢䰽䆚߿ǃ乘ᳳⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰǃҹঞ݊Ҫ᭛ᄫ䇈ᯢ䌘᭭DŽḋᵓ䖬ৃҹ⫼ᴹ䆚߿ൟⱘ䖯ᑺ䞠DŽ .3⒮ࡼᓣ㾘ߦᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘϢᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼ডњ䱣ⴔ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈϔⳈԧࠄᎹ㒘ড়ⱘᑺ㗠বᕫ䍞ᴹ䍞䆺㒚ⱘⓨব䖛DŽ⒮ࡼᓣ㾘ߦᰃ㾘ߦ䗤ℹᅠ˄㾕↉˅ⱘϔ⾡㸼⦄ᔶᓣˈ䖥ᳳ㽕ᅠ៤ⱘᎹᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ᳔ϟሖ䆺㒚㾘ߦˈ㗠䅵ߦ䖰ᳳᅠ៤ⱘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘᎹᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䕗催ሖ㾘ߦDŽ᳔䖥ϔϸϾਞᳳ㽕䖯㸠ⱘᎹᑨᴀᳳᎹ䖥ᅠ៤ᯊ䆺㒚㾘ߦDŽ᠔ҹˈ乍Ⳃ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳݙৃҹ໘Ѣϡৠⱘ䆺㒚∈ᑇDŽֵᙃϡ⹂ᅮⱘᮽᳳ⬹㾘ߦᳳ䯈ˈ⌏ࡼⱘ䆺㒚ᑺৃ㛑ҙ䖒ࠄ䞠ⱘ∈ᑇDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1282004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.4ϧᆊ߸ᮁ᪙䭓ࠊᅮ䆺㒚乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкǃᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ᑊᆠ᳝㒣偠ⱘ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ៤ਬϧᆊᗻৃҹᦤկ⌏ࡼᅮНᮍ䴶ⱘϧϮⶹ䆚DŽ .5㾘ߦ㒘៤䚼ߚᔧ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкϡܙߚˈϡ㛑ᇚᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘᶤߚᬃϟߚ㾷ࠄᎹ㒘ড়∈ᑇᯊˈ䆹ߚᬃ᳔ৢߚ㾷ࠄⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚৃ⫼ᴹࠊᅮ䖭ϔ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘ催ሖ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼DŽ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ䗝ᢽᑊ߽⫼䖭ѯ㾘ߦ㒘៤䚼ߚ㾘ߦ໘ѢᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䕗催ሖⱘ⾡ᇚᴹᎹⱘ䖯ᑺDŽ䖭ѯ㾘ߦ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼৃҹᰃ᮴⊩⫼Ѣ乍ⳂᎹ䆺㒚Ԅㅫǃ䖯ᑺᅝᥦǃᠻ㸠ǃⲥ㾚Ϣࠊⱘὖᣀᗻ⌏ࡼDŽϸϾ㾘ߦ㒘៤䚼ߚᰃ˖6xࠊ䋺᠋DŽ催ሖㅵ⧚Ҏਬⱘࠊ⚍ৃҹ䆒Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘᎹ㒘ড়ሖҹϞ䗝ᅮⱘㅵ⧚⚍˄䗝ᅮ∈ᑇϞⱘԧ㒘៤䚼ߚ˅ϞDŽᇮ㾘ߦ᳝݇ⱘᎹ㒘ড়ᯊˈ䖭ѯࠊ⚍⫼㾘ߦⱘ⸔DŽࠊ䋺᠋ݙᅠ៤ⱘ᠔᳝ᎹϢҬߎⱘ᠔᳝ࡾ䆄䕑ᶤϔࠊ䋺᠋䅵ߦЁDŽx㾘ߦ㒘ড়DŽ㾘ߦ㒘ড়ᰃᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘЁࠊ䋺᠋ҹϟˈԚᎹ㒘ড়ҹϞⱘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽ䖭Ͼ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘ⫼䗨ᰃ㾘ߦ᮴䆺㒚䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᏆⶹᎹݙᆍDŽ⌏ࡼᅮН˖៤ᵰ .1⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ⌏ࡼ⏙ऩݙᆍܼ䴶ˈࣙᣀ乍Ⳃᇚ㽕䖯㸠ⱘ᠔᳝䅵ߦ⌏ࡼDŽ⌏ࡼ⏙ऩϡࣙᣀӏԩϡᖙ៤Ў乍Ⳃ㣗ೈϔ䚼ߚⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼDŽ⌏ࡼ⏙ऩᑨᔧ᳝⌏ࡼᷛᖫˈᑊᇍ↣ϔ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᎹ㣗ೈ㒭ќ䎇䆺㒚ⱘ䇈ᯢˈҹֱ䆕乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ៤ਬ㛑⧚㾷བԩᅠ៤䆹乍ᎹDŽ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᎹ㣗ೈৃ᳝ᅲԧ᭄䞣ˈ՟བᑨᅝ㺙ⱘㅵ䘧䭓ᑺǃᣛᅮ䚼ԡ⌛ㄥⱘ⏋ޱೳǃ㒌ᓴ᭄ǃ⬉㛥ᑣ䇁হ㸠᭄к㈡ⱘゴ᭄DŽ⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ䖯ᑺൟЁՓ⫼ˈሲѢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㾕㡖˅ⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᰃ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ⱘऩϾ㒘៤䚼ߚˈϡᰃᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 129
݁ゴ 乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚ .2⌏ࡼሲᗻ⌏ࡼሲᗻᰃ⌏ࡼ⏙ऩЁⱘ⌏ࡼሲᗻⱘᠽሩˈᣛߎ↣ϔ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ᳝ⱘሲᗻDŽ↣ϔ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘሲᗻࣙᣀ⌏ࡼᷛᖫǃ⌏ࡼ㓪োǃ⌏ࡼৡ⿄ǃܜ㸠⌏ࡼǃৢ㒻⌏ࡼǃ䘏䕥݇㋏ǃᦤࠡϢ⒲ৢᯊ䯈䞣ǃ䌘⑤㽕∖ǃᔎࠊᗻ᮹ᳳǃࠊ㑺㋴؛䆒DŽ⌏ࡼሲᗻ䖬ৃҹࣙᣀᎹᠻ㸠䋳䋷ҎǃᅲᮑᎹⱘഄऎഄ⚍ˈҹঞ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ㉏ൟˈ՟བᡩܹⱘ∈ᑇǃৃߚᡩܹϢߚ᨞ⱘᡩܹDŽ䖭ѯሲᗻ⫼Ѣࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ˈਞЁҹ⾡ḋᮍᓣ䗝ᢽܹ߫䅵ߦⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼˈ⹂ᅮ݊乎ᑣᑊᇚ݊ߚ㉏DŽሲᗻⱘ᭄Ⳃᑨ⫼乚ඳ㗠ᓖDŽ⌏ࡼሲᗻ⫼Ѣ䖯ᑺൟDŽ .3䞠⏙ऩ䅵ߦ䞠⏙ऩ߫ߎњ᠔᳝ⱘ䞠ᑊᣛᯢ䞠ሲѢᔎࠊᗻ˄ড়ৠ㽕∖˅䖬ᰃ䗝ᢽᗻ˄ḍ乍Ⳃ㽕∖ग़ֵᙃ˅DŽ䞠⏙ऩᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㾕㡖˅ⱘϔ䚼ߚˈ䞠⫼Ѣ䖯ᑺൟDŽ .4⬇䇋ⱘব⌏ࡼᅮН䖛ৃ㛑ᦤߎᕅડ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢϢᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘⱘব䇋∖˄㾕↉˅DŽ⬇䇋ⱘব䗮䖛ᭈԧবࠊ䖛˄㾕㡖˅ᅵᶹϢ໘㕂DŽ⌏ࡼᥦᑣ⌏ࡼᥦᣛ䆚߿Ϣ䆄䕑䅵ߦ⌏ࡼП䯈ⱘ䘏䕥݇㋏DŽᣝ✻䘏䕥݇㋏ᅝᥦ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ乎ᑣᯊˈৃ㗗㰥䗖ᔧⱘ㋻ࠡ݇㋏ˈѺৃࡴܹ䗖ᔧⱘᯊ䯈ᦤࠡϢ⒲ৢ䞣ˈা᳝䖭ḋҹৢᠡ㛑ࠊ䅶ߎヺড়ᅲ䰙ǃৃҹᅲ⦄ⱘ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼DŽᥦᑣৃ⫼乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊˈгৃ⫼ᎹDŽᎹ⬉㛥䖬ৃҹ㒧ড়䍋ᴹDŽձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.1㋻ࠡ݇㋏㒬⊩˄PDM˅.1乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰.2⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ.2ㆁ㒓㒬⊩˄ADM˅.2⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ˄ᮄ˅.3⌏ࡼሲᗻ.3䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ḋᵓ.3⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄ᮄ˅.4䞠⏙ऩ.4⹂ᅮձ䌪݇㋏.4⬇䇋ⱘব.5ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.5㗗㰥ᯊ䯈ᦤࠡϢ⒲ৢ䞣6-4˖⌏ࡼᥦᑣ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1302004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
⌏ࡼᥦᑣ˖ձ .1乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˄㾕↉˅Ё᳝ѻક䇈ᯢкˈѻક䇈ᯢкЁ᳝ѻકᐌᐌᕅડ⌏ࡼ乎ᑣⱘ⡍ᕕˈ՟བᕙᓎॖ᠓ⱘぎ䯈Ꮧሔ䕃ӊ乍Ⳃⱘᄤ㋏㒳⬠䴶DŽ䖭ѯᕅડ㱑✊ৃ⌏ࡼ⏙ऩⳟߎˈԚЎњޚ⹂ˈ䗮ᐌᅵᶹѻક㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкDŽ .2⌏ࡼ⏙ऩᏆ↉䇈ᯢDŽ .3⌏ࡼሲᗻ6Ꮖ↉䇈ᯢDŽ .4䞠⏙ऩᏆ↉䇈ᯢDŽ .5ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖Ꮖ↉䇈ᯢDŽABCDEᓔྟHFG㒧ᴳIJKL12Ͼ⌏ࡼ 23Ͼ䘏䕥݇㋏6-5˖㋻ࠡ݇㋏㒬⊩˄ऩҷো㔥㒰˅®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 131
݁ゴ 乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚⌏ࡼᥦᑣ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ .1㋻ࠡ݇㋏㒬⊩˄ऩҷো㔥㒰˅˄PDMˈprecedence diagramming method˅PDMᰃϔ⾡⫼ᮍḐⶽᔶ˄িخ㡖⚍˅㸼⼎⌏ࡼˈᑊ⫼㸼⼎ձᄬ݇㋏ⱘㆁ㒓㘨㒧⚍ᵘ៤乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ⱘ㒬ࠊ⊩DŽ6-5ህᰃ⫼PDM㒬ࠊⱘϔϾㅔऩ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰DŽ䖭⾡ᡔᴃজ⿄⌏ࡼ㡖⚍㸼⼎⊩˄AONˈactivity-on-node˅ˈᰃ᭄乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊՓ⫼ⱘᮍ⊩DŽPDMࣙᣀಯ⾡ձᄬ݇㋏㋻ࠡ݇㋏˖xᅠ៤ᇍᓔྟ˖ৢ㒻⌏ࡼⱘᓔྟ㽕ㄝࠄܜ㸠⌏ࡼⱘᅠ៤DŽxᅠ៤ᇍᅠ៤˖ৢ㒻⌏ࡼⱘᅠ៤㽕ㄝࠄܜ㸠⌏ࡼⱘᅠ៤DŽxᓔྟᇍ䍋ྟ˖ৢ㒻⌏ࡼⱘᓔྟ㽕ㄝࠄܜ㸠⌏ࡼⱘᓔྟDŽxᓔྟᇍᅠ៤˖ৢ㒻⌏ࡼⱘᅠ៤㽕ㄝࠄܜ㸠⌏ࡼⱘᓔྟDŽPDMЁˈᅠ៤ᇍᓔྟᰃ᳔ᐌ⫼ⱘ䘏䕥݇㋏㉏ൟDŽᓔྟᇍᅠ៤݇㋏ᕜᇥ⫼DŽB1AAADE45CGHFᓔྟ36㒧ᴳJI7KL212Ͼ⌏ࡼϢ2Ͼ㰮⌏ࡼ6-6˖ㆁ㒓㒬⊩˄ঠҷো㔥㒰˅®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1322004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.2ㆁ㒓㒬⊩˄ঠҷো㔥㒰˅˄ADMˈarrow diagramming method˅ADMᰃϔ⾡߽⫼ㆁ㒓㸼⼎⌏ࡼˈᑊ㡖⚍໘ᇚ݊䖲䍋ᴹˈҹ㸼⼎݊ձᄬ݇㋏ⱘϔ⾡乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ⱘ㒬ࠊ⊩DŽ6-6ህᰃ߽⫼ADM㒬ࠊⱘϔϾㅔऩ㔥㒰䘏䕥DŽ䖭⾡ᡔᴃгি⌏ࡼㆁ㒓㸼⼎⊩˄AOA, activity-on-arrow˅DŽADM㱑✊ϡབPDM᱂䘡ˈԚᬭᥜ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰⧚䆎Ϣᶤѯᑨ⫼乚ඳҡ✊Փ⫼DŽADMাՓ⫼ᅠ៤ᇍᓔྟձᄬ݇㋏ˈℸৃ㛑㽕⫼িخ㰮⌏ࡼⱘ㰮݇㋏ᠡ㛑ℷ⹂ᅮН᠔᳝ⱘ䘏䕥݇㋏DŽ㰮⌏ࡼҹ㰮㒓㸼⼎DŽ⬅Ѣ㰮⌏ࡼᑊ䴲ᅲ䰙Ϟⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ˄᮴Ꮉݙᆍ˅ˈ݊ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈䖯㸠䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤᯊ䌟ќ0ؐDŽ՟བˈ6-6Ёⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼFˈ䰸њ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼHПˈ䖬ձ䌪Ѣ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼAϢKⱘᅠ៤DŽ6 .3䅵ߦ㔥㒰ḋᵓ㓪ࠊ乍Ⳃ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ㔥㒰ᯊˈৃҹ߽⫼ᷛޚ࣪ⱘ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ޣᇥᎹᑊࡴᖿ䗳ᑺDŽ䖭ѯᷛޚ㔥㒰ৃҹࣙᣀᭈϾ乍Ⳃҙҙ݊Ёϔ䚼ߚDŽ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ⱘ䚼ߚᕔᕔ⿄Ўᄤ㔥㒰㗙㔥㒰⠛ᮁDŽᔧ乍Ⳃࣙᣀ㢹ᑆⳌৠ㗙ТⳌৠⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰᯊ˄՟བˈ催ሖࡲ݀ὐⱘὐሖǃ㥃કⷨࠊ乍ⳂⱘЈᑞ䆩偠ǃ䕃ӊ乍Ⳃⱘᑣഫˈ㗙ᓔথ乍Ⳃⱘਃࡼ䰊↉˅ˈᄤ㔥㒰ህ⡍߿᳝⫼DŽ .4⹂ᅮձ䌪݇㋏⹂ᅮ⌏ࡼП䯈ⱘܜৢ乎ᑣᯊ᳝ϝ⾡ձ䌪݇㋏˖xᔎࠊᗻձᄬ݇㋏DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⧁ᄤ⹂ᅮ⌏ࡼП䯈ܜৢ乎ᑣⱘ䖛Ёˈ㽕ᯢ⹂ાѯձ䌪݇㋏ሲѢᔎࠊᗻDŽᔎࠊᗻձ䌪݇㋏ᣛᎹᗻ䋼᠔᳝ⱘձᄬ݇㋏DŽᅗӀᕔᕔ⍝ঞࠄϔѯᅲ䰙ⱘ䰤ࠊˈ՟བ˖ᮑᎹ乍ⳂЁˈা᳝⸔ᅠ៤Пৢˈᠡ㛑䖯㸠Ϟ䚼㒧ᵘⱘᮑᎹ˗⬉ᄤ乍ⳂЁˈᖙ乏ܜࠊॳൟᴎˈ✊ৢᠡ㛑䖯㸠⌟䆩DŽᔎࠊᗻձᄬ݇㋏জ⿄⹀䘏䕥݇㋏DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 133
݁ゴ 乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚xৃ᭳䜠໘⧚ⱘձ䌪݇㋏DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⧁ᄤ⹂ᅮ⌏ࡼП䯈ܜৢ乎ᑣⱘ䖛Ёˈ㽕ᯢ⹂ાѯձ䌪݇㋏ሲѢৃ᭳䜠໘⧚ⱘDŽৃ᭳䜠໘⧚ⱘձ䌪݇㋏㽕᳝ᅠᭈⱘ᭛ᄫ䆄䕑ˈЎᅗӀӮ䗴៤ᘏᯊᏂϡ⹂ᅮˈ༅এࠊᑊ䰤ࠊҞৢ䖯ᑺᅝᥦᮍḜⱘ䗝ᢽDŽৃ᭳䜠໘⧚ⱘձ䌪݇㋏᳝ᯊিخӬܜ䗝⫼䘏䕥݇㋏ˈӬܜ䘏䕥݇㋏㗙䕃䘏䕥݇㋏DŽৃ᭳䜠໘⧚ⱘձ䌪݇㋏䗮ᐌḍᇍԧᑨ⫼乚ඳݙ䚼᳔དخ⊩㗙乍Ⳃᶤѯ䴲ᇏᐌᮍ䴶ⱘњ㾷⹂ᅮDŽ乍Ⳃⱘ䖭ѯ䴲ᇏᐌᮍ䴶䗴៤ेՓ᳝݊Ҫ乎ᑣৃҹ䞛㒇ˈԚгᏠᳯᣝ✻ᶤ⾡⡍⅞ⱘ乎ᑣᅝᥦDŽᶤѯৃ᭳䜠໘⧚ⱘձ䌪݇㋏ࣙᣀḍҹࠡᅠ៤ৠ㉏ൟᎹⱘ៤ࡳ乍Ⳃ᠔পᕫⱘ㒣偠㗠䗝ᅮⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ乎ᑣDŽx䚼ձᄬ݇㋏DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⧁ᄤ⹂ᅮ⌏ࡼП䯈ܜৢ乎ᑣⱘ䖛Ёˈ㽕ᯢ⹂ાѯձ䌪݇㋏ሲѢ䚼ձ䌪݇㋏DŽ䚼ձ䌪݇㋏ᣛ⍝ঞ乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼ䴲乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼП䯈݇㋏ⱘձ䌪݇㋏DŽ՟བ䕃ӊ乍Ⳃ⌟䆩⌏ࡼⱘ䖯ᑺৃ㛑পއѢᴹ㞾䚼ⱘ⹀ӊᰃ৺ࠄ䋻˗ᮑᎹ乍Ⳃⱘഎഄᑇᭈˈৃ㛑㽕⦃๗䆕ӮПৢᠡ㛑ࡼᎹDŽ⌏ࡼᥦᑣⱘ䖭⾡ձৃ㛑㽕ձ䴴ҹࠡᗻ䋼㉏Ԑⱘ乍Ⳃग़ֵᙃ˄㾕㡖˅㗙पᮍড়ৠᓎ䆂˄㾕↉˅DŽ .5ࡴܹᯊ䯈ᦤࠡϢ⒲ৢ䞣乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⧁ᄤ㽕⹂ᅮৃ㛑㽕∖ࡴܹᯊ䯈ᦤࠡϢ⒲ৢ䞣ⱘձ䌪݇㋏ˈҹ֓ޚ⹂ഄ⹂ᅮ䘏䕥݇㋏DŽᯊ䯈ᦤࠡϢ⒲ৢ䞣ˈҹঞ᳝݇ⱘ؛䆒㽕ᔶ៤᭛ӊDŽ߽⫼ᯊ䯈ᦤࠡ䞣ৃҹᦤࠡᓔྟৢ㒻⌏ࡼDŽ՟བˈᡔᴃ᭛ӊ㓪ݭᇣ㒘ৃҹݭᅠ䭓㆛᭛ӊ߱〓˄ܜ㸠⌏ࡼ˅ᭈԧПࠡ15ⴔѠ〓˄ৢ㒻⌏ࡼ˅DŽ߽⫼ᯊ䯈⒲ৢ䞣ৃҹ䖳ৢ㒻⌏ࡼDŽ՟བˈЎњֱ䆕⏋ޱೳ᳝10ݏᡸᳳˈৃҹᅠ៤ᇍᓔྟ݇㋏Ёࡴܹ10ⱘ⒲ৢᯊ䯈ˈ䖭ḋϔᴹˈৢ㒻⌏ࡼህা㛑ܜ㸠⌏ࡼᅠ៤ПৢᓔྟDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1342004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
⌏ࡼᥦᑣ˖៤ᵰ .1乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ህᰃሩ⼎乍Ⳃ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼঞ݊П䯈䘏䕥݇㋏˄ձ䌪݇㋏˅ⱘᔶDŽ6-56-6ᰃ㒬ࠊ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ⱘϸ⾡ϡৠⱘᮍ⊩DŽ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ৃ⫼Ꮉ߽⫼乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊࠊDŽ䆹ৃҹࣙᣀ乍Ⳃⱘܼ䚼㒚㡖ˈгৃҹা᳝ϔ乍㢹ᑆ乍ὖᣀᗻ⌏ࡼDŽ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ᑨ䰘᳝ㅔ㽕ⱘ᭛ᄫˈ䇈ᯢ⌏ࡼᥦᑣՓ⫼ⱘᴀᮍ⊩DŽϡᇏᐌⱘ⌏ࡼᑣ߫ഛᑨ䖭↉᭛ᄫЁࡴҹ䆺㒚䇈ᯢDŽ .2⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ˄ᮄ˅⌏ࡼᥦᑣ䖛Ёৃ㛑ᡍޚব䇋∖˄㾕↉˅ˈབᵰᡍޚˈህᑨᇚ݊6ܹ߫⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ˄㾕↉˅ˈՓПᮄDŽ .3⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄ᮄ˅ᇚ⹂ᅮњⱘ䘏䕥݇㋏ˈҹঞ᠔᳝᳝݇ⱘᯊ䯈ᦤࠡϢ⒲ৢ䞣䛑ܹ߫⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄㾕↉˅ˈՓПᮄDŽ⌏ࡼᥦᑣ䖛Ёৃ㛑ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖˄㾕↉˅བᵰࠄ⌏ࡼ⏙ऩˈ߭ᑨᇚᡍޚⱘবࡴܹ⌏ࡼሲᗻˈᮄ⌏ࡼሲᗻⱘ᳝݇џ乍DŽ .4⬇䇋ⱘব⹂ᅮ乍Ⳃ䘏䕥݇㋏ˈҹঞᯊ䯈ᦤࠡϢ⒲ৢ䞣ᯊৃ㛑Ӯ䘛ࠄᇍ⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ⌏ࡼሲᗻᦤߎব䇋∖˄㾕↉˅ⱘџ՟DŽ՟བˈᔧৃҹߚ㾷⬅Ѣ݊Ҫॳ䞡ᮄᅮН䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᯊˈህ㽕㒚࣪ձ䌪݇㋏ˈ㗙䇗ᭈᯊ䯈ᦤࠡϢ⒲ৢ䞣ᯊˈҹ֓㒬ࠊܙߚডℷ⹂ⱘ䘏䕥݇㋏ⱘᔶDŽഄ⌏ࡼᅮН䖛ৃ㛑ᦤߎᕅડ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢϢᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘⱘব䇋∖˄㾕↉˅DŽ⬇䇋ⱘব䗮䖛ᭈԧবࠊ䖛˄㾕㡖˅ᅵᶹϢ໘㕂DŽ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫህᰃ⹂ᅮᅲᮑ乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼᯊ㽕Փ⫼ԩ⾡䌘⑤˄Ҏਬǃ䆒⠽䌘˅ˈ↣ϔ⾡Փ⫼ⱘ᭄䞣ˈҹঞԩᯊৃ⫼Ѣ乍Ⳃ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼDŽ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ䖛ৠ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ˄㾕㡖˅䖛㋻ᆚ䜡ড়DŽDŽ՟བ˖xᮑᎹ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤᖙ乏❳ᙝᔧഄⱘᓎㄥ⊩㾘DŽ䖭㉏ⶹ䆚Ңᔧഄⱘपᮍ˄ᣛᮑᎹ݀ৌ˅䙷䞠ϡ䲒㦋পDŽԚབᵰᔧഄৃ⫼ⱘҎ䌘⑤㔎Уᇍ⡍⅞ⱘϧ䮼ⱘᮑᎹᡔᴃˈҬߎϔヨ乱䌍⫼ᓊ㘬䆶Ҏਬৃ㛑ᰃњ㾷ᔧഄᓎㄥ⊩㾘ⱘ᳔᳝ᬜᮍᓣDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 135
݁ゴ 乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚x≑䔺䆒䅵⧁ᄤ䳔㽕❳ᙝ᳔ᮄⱘ㞾ࡼ㺙䜡ᡔᴃDŽ㦋পᖙ㽕ⶹ䆚ⱘ䗨ᕘࣙᣀ㘬䇋ϔԡ䆶Ҏਬˈ⌒ϔԡ䆒䅵Ҏਬߎᐁᴎ఼Ҏⷨ䅼Ӯˈ㗙ᡞᴹ㞾⫳ѻቫԡⱘҎਬ㒇ܹ䆒䅵⧁ᄤㄝDŽձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1џϮ⦃๗㋴.1ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.1⌏ࡼ䌘⑤㽕∖.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2ᮍḜߚᵤ.2⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄ᮄ˅.3⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ.3ߎ⠜ⱘԄㅫ᭄.3䌘⑤ߚ㾷㒧ᵘ.4⌏ࡼሲᗻ.4乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊ.4䌘⑤᮹ग़˄ᮄ˅.5ৃ߽⫼䌘⑤ᚙމ.5⬇䇋ⱘব.6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ6-7˖⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ˖ձ .1џϮ⦃๗㋴⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ䖛߽⫼џϮ⦃๗㋴˄㾕↉˅Ёࣙⱘ᳝݇⸔䆒ᮑ䌘⑤᳝᮴Ϣᰃ৺ৃ߽⫼ⱘֵᙃDŽ .2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄㾕↉˅ᦤկњᅲᮑ㒘㒛᳝݇⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ䖛᠔㗗㰥ⱘҎਬ䜡ˈҹঞ⠽䌘Ϣ䆒⾳⫼䌁фⱘ⾡ᮍ䩜DŽབᵰ᳝ग़ֵᙃˈ߭ҢЁᅵᶹҹࠡⱘ乍Ⳃ㉏ԐᎹ᳒㽕∖Փ⫼䖛ԩ⾡㉏ൟⱘ䌘⑤DŽ .3⌏ࡼ⏙ऩҢ⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ˄㾕↉˅ৃⶹ乏Ԅㅫⱘ䌘⑤ᇍᑨⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼDŽ .4⌏ࡼሲᗻ⌏ࡼᅮН䖛Ёᦤߎⱘ⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄㾕↉˅ᰃԄㅫ⌏ࡼ⏙ऩЁ↣ϔ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ᠔䳔䌘⑤ᯊձ䴴ⱘᴀ᭄DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1362004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.5䌘⑤ⱘ᳝᮴ϢᆵԄㅫ䌘⑤㉏ൟᯊˈ㽕߽⫼᳝᳝݇ાѯ䌘⑤˄՟བҎਬǃ䆒⠽䌘˅ৃկᴀ乍ⳂՓ⫼˄㾕Ϣ↉˅ⱘֵᙃDŽᇍ䖭⾡ֵᙃⱘњ㾷ࣙᣀ㗗㰥䖭ѯ䌘⑤ᴹ⑤ഄⱘഄ⧚ԡ㕂ˈҹঞৃ߽⫼ⱘᯊ䯈DŽ՟བˈᎹ䆒䅵乍Ⳃⱘᮽᳳ䰊↉ˈৃկՓ⫼ⱘ䌘⑤ৃ㛑ࣙᣀ䞣ⱘ߱㑻Ϣ催㑻ᎹᏜˈ㗠ৠϔ乍Ⳃⱘৢᳳ䰊↉ˈৃկՓ⫼ⱘ䌘⑤ৃ㛑ҙ䰤ѢЎখϢ䖛乍Ⳃᮽᳳ䰊↉㗠❳ᙝᴀ乍ⳂⱘϾҎDŽ .6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㾕㡖˅Ё⫼Ѣ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ .1ϧᆊ߸ᮁ䆘Ӌᴀ䖛ৠ䌘⑤᳝݇ⱘձᯊˈ㒣ᐌ㽕∖߽⫼ϧᆊ߸ᮁDŽӏԩ᳝䌘⑤㾘ߦϢԄㅫϧ䮼ⶹ䆚ⱘ䲚ԧϾҎ䛑ৃҹᦤկ䖭ᮍ䴶ⱘϧϮⶹ䆚DŽ .2ᮍḜߚᵤᕜ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䛑ৃ߽⫼⾡ᔶᓣᅠ៤DŽ݊Ёࣙᣀ߽⫼⾡∈ᑇⱘ䌘⑤㛑ᡔ㛑ǃ⾡ᇣ㉏ൟⱘᴎ఼ǃ⾡Ꮉ˄Ꮉ᪡㞾ࡼ࣪Ꮉ˅ˈҹঞ᳝݇䌘⑤㞾ࠊ䌁фⱘއㄪ˄㾕↉˅DŽ .3ߎ⠜ⱘԄㅫ᭄㢹ᑆ݀ৌᅮᳳᮄᑊߎ⠜ϡৠᆊϢϡৠഄ⧚ԡ㕂䌘⑤ⱘ⫳ѻ⥛ϢऩӋˈ⍝ঞࠄ䮼㉏ӫⱘᎹ⾡ࢇࡼǃᴤ᭭Ϣ䆒DŽ .4乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊ㛑णࡽ㾘ߦǃ㒘㒛Ϣㅵ⧚⫼䌘⑤ˈᑊᦤߎ䌘⑤ԄㅫDŽ䕃ӊⱘᴖᑺᕐℸП䯈ⳌᏂ ⅞ˈϡԚৃ⫼ᴹ⹂ᅮ䌘⑤᮹ग़ǃ㗠Ϩ䖬ৃҹ⹂ᅮ䌘⑤ߚ㾷㒧ᵘǃ䌘⑤ⱘ᳝᮴Ϣᆵҹঞ䌘⑤ऩӋDŽ .5㞾ϟ㗠ϞԄㅫᔧԄㅫ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ᮴䎇ᡞᦵᯊˈ߭ᇚ݊㣗ೈݙⱘᎹ䖯ϔℹߚ㾷DŽ✊ৢԄㅫϟሖ↣ϾԧⱘᎹ䌘⑤䳔㽕ˈⴔᇚ䖭ѯԄㅫᣝ✻䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䳔⫼ⱘ↣ϔ⾡䌘⑤∛䲚ߎᘏ䞣DŽ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼП䯈ৃ㛑ᄬгৃ㛑ϡᄬӮᕅડ䌘⑤߽⫼ⱘձ䌪݇㋏DŽབᵰᄬˈ䌘⑤ⱘ䖭⾡߽⫼ᮍᓣড䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ㽕∖Ԅ䅵ПЁᑊᔶ៤Ў᭛ӊDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 137
݁ゴ 乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ˖៤ᵰ .1⌏ࡼ䌘⑤㽕∖⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ䖛ⱘ៤ᵰህᰃ䆚߿Ϣ䇈ᯢᎹ㒚ⳂЁ↣ϔ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䳔㽕Փ⫼ⱘ䌘⑤㉏ൟϢ᭄䞣DŽৃҹ∛ᘏ䖭ѯ㽕∖Пৢˈ⹂ᅮ↣ϔᎹ㒚Ⳃⱘ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ䞣DŽ䌘⑤㽕∖䇈ᯢк㒚㡖ⱘ᭄䞣Ϣԧ䆺㒚ᑺᑨ⫼乚ඳ㗠ᓖDŽ↣ϔ䅵ߦᎹⱘ䌘⑤㽕∖᭛ӊৃ㛑ࣙᣀ↣ϔ䌘⑤Ԅㅫⱘḍˈҹঞ⹂ᅮ䌘⑤㉏ൟǃ᳝᮴ϢᆵˈҹঞՓ⫼䞣ᯊ᠔خⱘ؛䆒DŽࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼䖛˄㾕㡖˅⹂ᅮԩᯊ䳔⫼䌘⑤DŽ .2⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄ᮄ˅↣ϔ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᖙ乏Փ⫼ⱘ䌘⑤㉏ൟϢ᭄䞣䛑ডࠄ⌏ࡼሲᗻПЁDŽབᵰ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ䖛Ёᡍޚব䇋∖˄㾕↉˅ˈ߭ᑨᇚᡍޚⱘব˄㾕↉˅ࡴܹ⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ˄㾕↉˅Ϣ⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄㾕↉˅ˈᮄ⌏ࡼ⏙ऩϢ⌏ࡼሲᗻDŽ .3䌘⑤ߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䌘⑤ߚ㾷㒧ᵘᰃᣝ✻䌘⑤⾡㉏ᔶᓣ㗠ߦߚⱘ䌘⑤ሖ㑻㒧ᵘDŽ .4䌘⑤᮹ग़˄ᮄ˅乍Ⳃ㓐ড়䌘⑤᮹ग़䆄ᔩњ⹂ᅮՓ⫼ᶤ⾡ԧ䌘⑤˄՟བҎਬᰃ⠽䌘˅᮹ᳳⱘᎹ᮹ϡՓ⫼ᶤ⾡ԧ䌘⑤᮹ᳳⱘ䴲Ꮉ᮹DŽ乍Ⳃ䌘⑤᮹ग़ϔ㠀ḍ䌘⑤ⱘ⾡㉏ᷛ⼎㞾ⱘ㡖؛᮹ˈҹঞৃҹՓ⫼䌘⑤ⱘᯊ䯈DŽ乍Ⳃ䌘⑤᮹ग़䖬ᷛ䆚ߎ䌘⑤↣ϔৃկՓ⫼ᳳ䯈ৃկՓ⫼ⱘ᭄䞣DŽ .5⬇䇋ⱘব⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ䖛Ёৃ㛑Ӯᦤߎব䇋∖˄㾕↉˅ˈ㽕∖⌏ࡼ⏙ऩݙ⏏ࡴߴ䰸ܹ߫䅵ߦⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼDŽ⬇䇋ⱘব䗮䖛ᭈԧবࠊ䖛˄㾕㡖˅ᅵᶹϢ໘㕂DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1382004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ԄㅫԄㅫ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ⱘ䖛߽⫼᳝݇䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᎹ㣗ೈǃᖙ㽕䌘⑤㉏ൟǃ䌘⑤䳔㽕䞣Ԅ䅵ˈҹঞᷛᯢ䌘⑤᳝᮴Ϣᆵⱘ䌘⑤᮹ग़ⱘֵᙃDŽԄㅫ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ⱘձᴹ㞾Ѣ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ᳔❳ᙝԧ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᎹݙᆍᗻ䋼ⱘϾҎ䲚ԧDŽᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫᰃ䗤ℹ㒚࣪ϢᅠⱘˈԄㅫ䖛㽕㗗㰥᭄ձⱘ᳝᮴Ϣ䋼䞣DŽ՟བˈ䱣ⴔ乍Ⳃ䆒䅵Ꮉⱘ䗤ℹ⏅ܹˈৃկՓ⫼ⱘ᭄䍞ᴹ䍞䆺㒚ˈ䍞ᴹ䍞ޚ⹂ˈ㗠ᦤ催њᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫⱘޚ⹂ᗻDŽ䖭ḋϔᴹˈህৃҹ䅸Ўᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ㒧ᵰ䗤ℹޚ⹂ˈ䋼䞣䗤ℹᦤ催DŽ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ䖛㽕∖ԄㅫЎᅠ៤䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ㗠ᖙ乏ҬߎⱘᎹࡾ᭄䞣ˈԄㅫЎᅠ៤䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ㗠ᖙ乏ᡩܹⱘ䌘⑤᭄䞣ˈᑊ⹂ᅮЎᅠ៤䆹䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ㗠6䳔㽕ⱘᎹᯊ䯈᭄DŽᇍѢ↣ϔ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫˈ᠔᳝ᬃᣕᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫⱘ᭄Ϣ؛䆒䛑㽕䆄䕑ϟᴹDŽԄㅫᅠ៤䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ᠔䳔Ꮉᯊऩԡ᭄Ⳃˈ᳝ᯊᖙ乏㗗㰥ԧ㉏ൟᎹⱘ㽕∖㗠⌕䗱ⱘᯊ䯈DŽ᭄乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䕃ӊˈ䛑߽⫼乍Ⳃ᮹ग़Ϣ݊Ҫৃկ㗗㰥ⱘᎹᯊ䯈䌘⑤᮹ग़໘⧚䖭⾡ᚙމDŽ݊Ҫৃկ㗗㰥ⱘᎹᯊ䯈䌘⑤᮹ग़䗮ᐌ⬅㽕∖ᅝᥦԧᯊ䯈↉ⱘ䌘⑤᠔⹂ᅮDŽ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᣝ✻乍Ⳃ᮹ग़ᓔሩˈ㗠ߚ䜡њ䌘⑤ⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼг㽕ᣝ✻Ⳍᑨⱘ䌘⑤᮹ग़ᓔሩDŽ乍Ⳃᘏᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼䖛˄㾕㡖˅Ё䅵ㅫˈᰃࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼䖛ⱘ៤ᵰDŽձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1џϮ⦃๗㋴.1ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.1⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2㉏↨Ԅㅫㅫ.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.3খ᭄Ԅㅫ.2⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄ᮄ.4⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ.4ϝ⚍Ԅㅫ˅.5⌏ࡼሲᗻ.5ৢߚᵤ.6⌏ࡼ䌘⑤㽕∖.7䌘⑤᮹ग़.8乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦx亢䰽ⱏ䆄㸼(⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ6-8˖⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 139
݁ゴ 乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ˖ձ.1џϮ⦃๗㋴খϢ乍ⳂⱘϔϾϾ㒘㒛ৃ㛑Ӯ᳝ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ᭄ᑧϢ݊Ҫग़খ㗗᭄DŽ䖭⾡㉏ൟⱘখ㗗䌘᭭гৃҹᏖഎϞфࠄDŽ䖭ѯ᭄ᑧ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ϡফᅲ䰙Ꮉݙᆍᕅડᯊᕔᕔ⡍߿᳝⫼˄՟བˈ⏋ޱೳݏᡸ䳔㽕ⱘᯊ䯈ˈᬓᑰᴎᵘᇍѢᶤ㉏⬇䇋ϔ㠀㽕䭓ᯊ䯈㒭ќಲㄨ˅DŽ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ᳝݇䆌㉏ൟ⌏ࡼⱘৃ㛑ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ⱘग़䌘᭭˄㾕↉˅䗮ᐌᆍᯧᡒࠄDŽখϢ乍ⳂⱘϔϾϾ㒘㒛ৃ㛑Ӯֱ⬭䖛এ乍Ⳃ㒧ᵰⱘ䆄ᔩˈ݊䆺㒚ᑺ䎇ҹᐂࡽᦤߎ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ԄㅫDŽᶤѯᑨ⫼乚ඳЁˈ⧁ᄤϾ߿៤ਬгৃ㛑Ӯֱ⬭ℸ⾡䆄ᔩDŽᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄㾕↉˅Ӯ᳝ৃ⫼Ѣ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫⱘᶤѯџ乍ˈ՟བ乍Ⳃ᮹ग़˄㓪ᥦᓔሩ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᎹ᮹䕂⌕⧁ˈҹঞϡᓔሩ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ䴲Ꮉ᮹ⱘ᮹ग़˅DŽ.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкԄㅫ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ᯊˈ㗗㰥乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˄㾕↉˅ᦤկⱘࠊ㑺㋴Ϣ؛䆒DŽ؛䆒П՟᳝ˈ乍Ⳃⱘਞᯊ䯈䯈䱨䭓ⷁৃ㛑އᅮ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ⱘϞ䰤DŽࠊ㑺㋴П՟᳝ˈ᭛ӊⱘᦤѸϢᅵᶹˈҹঞ݊Ҫ㒣ᐌ᳝⬅ড়ৠᅲᮑ㒘㒛ᮍ䩜᠔㾘ᅮⱘ乥⥛Ϣᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ⱘ㉏Ԑ䴲ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼDŽ.4⌏ࡼ⏙ऩᏆ↉䇈ᯢDŽ.5⌏ࡼሲᗻᏆ↉䇈ᯢDŽ.6⌏ࡼ䌘⑤㽕∖⌏ࡼⱘԄㅫ䌘⑤㽕∖˄㾕↉˅ᇍ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈᳝ᕅડˈЎˈߚ䜡㒭䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ䌘⑤ˈҹঞ䖭ѯ䌘⑤㛑৺⫼Ѣ乍Ⳃᇚᕅડ᭄⌏ࡼⱘᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈DŽ՟བˈབᵰᶤ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ㽕∖ϸৡᎹᏜ݅ৠᎹˈᦤ催䆒䅵⌏ࡼⱘᎹᬜ⥛ˈԚᰃা᳝ϔৡᎹᏜᅲ䰙ᡩܹњ䆒䅵ᎹDŽѢᰃˈϔ㠀㟇ᇥ㽕㢅ϸסⱘᯊ䯈ᠡ㛑ᅠ៤䖭乍䆒䅵⌏ࡼDŽ✊㗠ˈᔧᶤѯ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ⏏ࡴњ䌘⑤Փ⫼њᡔ㛑ϡ催ⱘ䌘⑤ᯊˈ乍Ⳃህৃ㛑䰡Ԣᬜ⥛DŽᬜ⥛ⱘ䰡Ԣড䖛ᴹজ䗴៤Ꮉѻ䞣ⱘࡴ䞣ˈԢѢ䌘⑤ࡴⱘⱒߚ↨DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1402004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.7䌘⑤᮹ग़ࠊᅮ㓐ড়䌘⑤᮹ग़˄㾕㡖˅ˈሲѢ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ䖛ⱘϔ䚼ߚˈࣙᣀҎ䌘⑤ⱘ᳝᮴ǃ㛑Ϣᡔ㛑˄㾕㡖˅DŽᇍѢ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈᳝ᕜᕅડⱘ䆒ǃ⠽䌘˄㾕㡖˅ⱘ㉏ൟǃ᭄䞣ǃ㛑৺Փ⫼ˈҹঞ㛑г㒭ќ㗗㰥DŽ՟བˈ߱㑻催㑻Ҏਬ䛑ܼᯊᡩܹᎹˈ߭ᅠ៤㒭ᅮⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᯊϔ㠀ৃᣛᳯ催㑻ҎਬՓ⫼ⱘᯊ䯈↨߱㑻ҎਬᇥDŽ.8乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ᳝ࣙ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ˄㾕㟇㡖˅Ϣ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ˄㾕㡖˅x亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠDŽ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠЁ᳝᳝݇乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤᦤߎ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫᑊ6㗗㰥亢䰽Пৢࡴҹ䇗ᭈᯊ᠔㗗㰥ⱘᏆ䆚߿乍Ⳃ亢䰽ⱘֵᙃDŽᇍѢ↣ϔ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼˈ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ䛑㗗㰥ⱘޚᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ԄㅫЁࡴܹⱘ亢䰽ৢᵰᇣˈ⡍߿ᰃথ⫳ὖ⥛ৢᵰ䆘ᅮߚ᭄催ⱘ䙷ѯ亢䰽DŽx⌏ࡼ䌍⫼ԄㅫDŽ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ԄㅫབᵰᏆ㒣ᅠ៤ˈህৃҹ䖯ϔℹ䎇䆺㒚ഄ㓪ࠊˈЎ乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼ⏙ऩЁ↣ϔ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᦤկ䌘⑤䳔∖䞣Ԅㅫ᭄DŽ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1ϧᆊ߸ᮁ⬅Ѣᕅડ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ⱘ㋴ˈབ䌘⑤ⱘ∈ᑇ⫳ѻ⥛ˈ᠔ҹᐌᐌ䲒ҹԄㅫDŽা㽕᳝ৃ㛑ህৃҹ߽⫼ҹग़ֵᙃЎḍⱘϧᆊ߸ᮁDŽԡ乍Ⳃಶᇍ៤ਬгৃҹᦤկᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫⱘֵᙃḍҹࠡⱘ㉏Ԑ乍Ⳃᦤߎ᳔᳝݇䭓ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ⱘᓎ䆂DŽབᵰ᮴⊩䇋ࠄ䖭⾡ϧᆊˈ߭ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅ䅵Ёⱘϡ⹂ᅮᗻ亢䰽гህӮࡴDŽ.2㉏↨Ԅㅫᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈㉏↨ԄㅫህᰃҹҢࠡ㉏Ԑ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᅲ䰙ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ЎḍԄㅫᇚᴹⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈DŽᔧ᳝݇乍Ⳃⱘ䆺㒚ֵᙃ᭄䞣᳝䰤ᯊˈ՟བ乍Ⳃⱘᮽᳳ䰊↉ህ㒣ᐌՓ⫼䖭⾡ࡲ⊩Ԅㅫ乍Ⳃⱘᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈DŽ㉏↨Ԅㅫ߽⫼ग़ֵᙃ˄㾕㡖˅ϧᆊ߸ᮁDŽᔧҹࠡⱘ⌏ࡼџᅲϞ㗠ϡҙҙᰃ㸼䴶Ϟ㉏Ԑˈ㗠Ϩޚ䖭⾡Ԅㅫⱘ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬᖙ㽕ⱘϧϮⶹ䆚ᯊˈᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈㉏↨Ԅㅫ᳔ৃ䴴DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 141
݁ゴ 乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚.3খ᭄Ԅㅫᇚᑨᔧᅠ៤ⱘᎹ䞣Ьҹ⫳ѻ⥛ˈህৃҹԄㅫߎ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ⱘ᭄DŽ՟བˈᇍѢ䆒䅵乍Ⳃˈᇚ㒌ⱘᓴ᭄Ьҹ↣ᓴ⫼ⱘᎹᯊˈ㗙ᇍѢ⬉㓚ᭋ䆒乍Ⳃˈᇚ⬉㓚ⱘ䭓ᑺЬҹᭋ䆒↣㉇䳔㽕ⱘᎹᯊህৃҹԄㅫߎ⫳ѻ⥛DŽᘏⱘ䌘⑤᭄䞣Ьҹ↣ϾᎹ⧁ⱘᎹᯊ↣ϾᎹ⧁ⱘ⫳ѻ㛑ˈ✊ৢ䰸ҹՓ⫼ⱘ䌘⑤᭄Ⳃህৃҹ⹂ᅮϾᎹ⧁ⱘ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈DŽ.4ϝ⚍Ԅㅫ㗗㰥ॳ᳝ԄㅫЁ亢䰽ⱘᇣˈৃҹᦤ催⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫⱘޚ⹂ᗻDŽϝ⚍Ԅㅫህᰃ⹂ᅮϝ⾡Ԅㅫⱘ⸔ϞخߎⱘDŽx᳔ৃ㛑ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈DŽ᳔ৃ㛑ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ᰃৃ㛑Ў䅵ߦ⌏ࡼߚ⌒ⱘ䌘⑤ǃ䌘⑤⫳ѻ⥛ǃৃկ䆹䅵ߦ⌏ࡼՓ⫼ⱘ⦄ᅲৃ㛑ᗻǃᇍ݊ҪখϢ㗙ⱘձ䌪ᗻˈҹঞৃ㛑ⱘЁᮁ䛑Ꮖ㒭ᅮᯊˈ䆹䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈DŽxФ㾖ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈DŽᔧԄㅫ᳔ৃ㛑ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ձⱘᴵӊᔶ៤᳔᳝߽ⱘ㒘ড়ᯊԄㅫߎᴹⱘᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ህᰃ⌏ࡼⱘФ㾖ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈DŽxᚆ㾖ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈DŽᔧԄㅫ᳔ৃ㛑ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ձⱘᴵӊᔶ៤᳔ϡ߽ⱘ㒘ড়ᯊԄㅫߎᴹⱘᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ህᰃ⌏ࡼⱘᚆ㾖ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈DŽ߽⫼Ϟ䗄ϝ⾡Ԅㅫⱘ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ⱘᑇഛؐˈህৃҹԄㅫߎ䆹⌏ࡼⱘᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈DŽ䖭Ͼᑇഛؐᐌᐌ↨↨ऩ⚍Ԅㅫⱘ᳔ৃ㛑ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ޚ⹂DŽ.5ৢߚᵤ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ৃҹᘏⱘ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ЁҹĀᑨᗹᯊ䯈āǃĀᯊ䯈ټāĀ㓧ކᯊ䯈āЎৡ⿄ࡴϔѯᯊ䯈ˈ䖭⾡خ⊩ᰃᡓ䅸䖯ᑺ亢䰽ⱘ㸼⦄DŽᑨᗹᯊ䯈ৃপ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫؐⱘᶤϔⱒߚ↨ǃᶤϔᅮ䭓ⷁⱘᯊ䯈ˈ㗙ḍ亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤⱘ㒧ᵰ⹂ᅮ(㾕↉)DŽᑨᗹᯊ䯈ৃ㛑ܼ䚼⫼ᅠˈгৃ㛑াՓ⫼ϔ䚼ߚˈ䖬ৃ㛑䱣ⴔ乍Ⳃޚ⹂ⱘֵᙃࡴ⿃㌃㗠ࠄৢᴹޣᇥপ⍜DŽ䖭ḋⱘᑨᗹᯊ䯈ᑨᔧ䖲ৠ݊Ҫ᳝݇ⱘ᭄؛䆒ϔ䍋ᔶ៤᭛ӊDŽ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ˖៤ᵰ.1⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ᰃᇍᅠ៤䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ᠔䳔ᯊ䯈ⱘৃ㛑䭓ⷁ᠔خⱘᅮ䞣Ԅ䅵DŽ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫⱘ㒧ᵰЁᑨᔧᣛᯢব࣪㣗ೈDŽ՟བ˖x 2਼± 2ᣛᯢ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ㟇ᇥ㽕⫼8ˈԚ᳔ϡ䍙䖛12˄؛ᅮ↣਼Ꮉ5˅DŽx䍙䖛3਼ⱘὖ⥛Ў15%ˈгህᰃ䇈ˈ䆹䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䳔㽕3਼ⷁᯊ䯈ⱘὖ⥛Ў85%DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1422004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.2⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄ᮄ˅⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄㾕↉˅ᮄৢᑨࣙᣀ↣ϔ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ǃ㓪ࠊ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫᯊ᠔خⱘ؛䆒ˈҹঞᑨᗹᯊ䯈DŽࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ᰃϔϾডⱘ䖛ˈ䖭ϔ䖛⹂ᅮ乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼⱘ䅵ߦⱘᓔྟϢᅠ៤᮹ᳳDŽࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼ৃ㛑㽕∖ᇍᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ԄㅫϢ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ䖯㸠ᅵᶹϢׂᬍˈҹ֓䖯ᑺ㸼ᡍޚПৢ㛑ᔧ䎳䏾乍Ⳃ䖯ሩⱘޚՓ⫼DŽࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼䖛䱣ⴔᎹⱘ䖯ሩǃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘᬍবˈҹঞ乘ᳳⱘ亢䰽ᵰ✊থ⫳⍜༅䆚߿ߎᮄ亢䰽㗠䌃こѢ乍Ⳃⱘྟ㒜DŽ6ձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.1䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤ.1乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼.2乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.2݇䬂䏃㒓⊩.2䖯ᑺൟ᭄.3⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ.3䖯ᑺय़㓽.3䖯ᑺޚ.4⌏ࡼሲᗻ.4؛䆒എ᱃ߚᵤ.4䌘⑤㽕∖˄ᮄ˅.5乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰.5䌘⑤ഛ㸵.5⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄ᮄ˅.6⌏ࡼ䌘⑤㽕∖.6݇䬂䫒⊩.6乍Ⳃ᮹ग़˄ᮄ˅.7䌘⑤᮹ग़.7乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊ.7⬇䇋ⱘব.8⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ.8ḍ᮹ग़䇗ᭈ.8乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.9乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.9䇗ᭈᯊ䯈ᦤࠡϢ⒲ৢ䞣x䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅x亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ.10 䖯ᑺൟ6-9˖ࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼˖ձ.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ㒘㒛ᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘ䖛䌘ѻ˄㾕↉˅ᔧЁৃ㛑᳝ৃ⫼Ѣࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼ⱘᶤѯџ乍ˈ՟བ乍Ⳃ᮹ग़˄㓪ᥦᓔሩ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᎹ᮹䕂⌕⧁ˈҹঞϡᓔሩ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ䴲Ꮉ᮹ⱘ᮹ग़˅DŽ.2乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˄㾕↉˅Ё᳝ৃ㛑ᕅડࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼ⱘࠊ㑺㋴Ϣ؛䆒DŽ؛䆒ህᰃ䆄䕑Ϣ᭛ӊПЁৠ䖯ᑺ᳝݇ˈህࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼㗠㿔ˈ㾚݊Ўℷ⹂ǃⳳᅲ㚃ᅮⱘ㋴DŽࠊ㑺㋴ህᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⧁ᄤ䖯㸠䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤᯊ䰤ࠊ݊䗝ᢽⱘ㋴DŽࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼ᳳ䯈㗗㰥ϸ⾡Џ㽕㉏ൟⱘᯊ䯈ࠊ㑺㋴˖®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 143
݁ゴ 乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚xᔎࡴѢ⌏ࡼᓔྟϢᅠ៤ⱘ᮹ᳳৃ⫼Ѣ䰤ࠊ⌏ࡼⱘᓔྟᅠ៤᮶ϡᮽѢгϡᰮѢᶤϾџܜ㾘ᅮⱘ᮹ᳳDŽϔ㠀乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊ㱑✊䛑㗗㰥њ㢹ᑆ⾡䰤ࠊˈԚ᳔ᐌ⫼ⱘᰃĀϡᮽѢᓔྟāĀϡ䖳Ѣ㒧ᴳāDŽ᮹ᳳࠊ㑺㋴ࣙᣀ䇌བঠᮍଚᅮⱘড়ৠ᮹ᳳǃᡔᴃ乍ⳂⱘᏖഎにষǃᅸ⌏ࡼⱘ⇨䰤ࠊǃ䙉ᅜᬓᑰ᳝݇⦃๗⊏⧚ⱘᔎࠊ㾘ᅮˈҹঞ⬅乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼㸼⼎ⱘ᳝݇ᮍ䴶䋳䋷ⱘ⠽䌘կᑨㄝሔ䴶DŽx乍Ⳃথ䍋Ҏǃ乍Ⳃ乒ᅶ݊Ҫ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙㒣ᐌᇍᕅડᖙ乏㾘ᅮ᮹ᳳࠡᅠ៤ᶤѯৃѸҬ៤ᵰⱘ݇䬂џӊ䞠থোᮑҸDŽ䖭ѯ᮹ᳳϔᮺ⹂ᅮˈህᏠᳯབᳳᅲ⦄ˈ㽕ᛇবࡼˈᖙ乏ҹবᔶᓣপᕫᡍޚDŽ䞠䖬ৃ⫼Ѣᣛᯢৠ乍ⳂᎹⱘѸ݇㋏DŽ䖭㉏Ꮉϔ㠀ϡ乍Ⳃ᭄ᑧݙˈ㗠Ϩফ᮹ᳳࠊ㑺ⱘ䞠ৃ㛑ህᰃ䗖ᔧⱘ䖯ᑺ⬠䴶DŽ.3⌏ࡼ⏙ऩᏆ↉䇈ᯢDŽ.4⌏ࡼሲᗻᏆ↉䇈ᯢDŽ.5乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰Ꮖ↉䇈ᯢDŽ.6⌏ࡼ䌘⑤㽕∖Ꮖ↉䇈ᯢDŽ.7䌘⑤᮹ग़Ꮖ↉䇈ᯢDŽ.8⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ԄㅫᏆ↉䇈ᯢDŽ.9乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦࣙᣀ䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦǃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦǃ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦDŽ䖭ѯ䅵ߦϡԚᇍࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼䖛ˈ㗠ϨᇍⳈ䜡ড়ࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼䖛ⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚ䛑᳝ᣛᇐ⫼DŽ䖭ѯ㒘៤䚼ߚПϔህᰃ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠDŽx亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠDŽ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ˄㾕㟇㡖˅䆄䕑њЎ䜡ড়ࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼㗠䳔㽕ⱘ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ˈҹঞⳌᑨⱘ亢䰽ᑨᇍ䅵ߦDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1442004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤᰃᦤߎϢ⹂ᅮ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ⱘϔ⾡ᡔᴃDŽ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤՓ⫼ϔ⾡䖯ᑺൟ⾡ߚᵤᡔᴃˈ՟བ݇䬂䏃㒓⊩ǃሔ䴶ᑨᇍߚᵤˈҹঞ䌘⑤ᑇ㸵䅵ㅫ᳔ᮽǃ᳔䖳ᓔྟ᳔ᮽǃ᳔䖳ᅠ៤᮹ᳳˈҹঞ乍Ⳃ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᅠ៤䚼ߚⱘ䅵ߦᓔྟϢ䅵ߦᅠ៤᮹ᳳDŽབᵰൟЁՓ⫼ⱘ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰᳝ӏԩ㔥㒰ᓏ䏃㔥㒰ᓔষˈ߭乏ᇍ݊ࡴҹ䇗ᭈˈ✊ৢݡ䗝⫼Ϟ䗄ߚᵤᡔᴃDŽᶤѯ㔥㒰䏃㒓ৃ㛑᳝䏃ᕘ∛㘮ߚᬃ⚍ˈ䖯㸠䖯ᑺय़㓽ߚᵤ݊Ҫߚᵤᯊৃҹ䆚߿ߎᴹᑊৃࡴҹ߽⫼DŽ݇䬂䏃㒓⊩݇䬂䏃㒓⊩ᰃ߽⫼䖯ᑺൟᯊՓ⫼ⱘϔ⾡䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤᡔᴃDŽ݇䬂䏃㒓⊩⊓ⴔ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰䏃㒓䖯㸠ℷϢডߚᵤˈҢ㗠䅵ㅫߎ᠔᳝䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ⧚䆎᳔ᮽᓔྟϢᅠ៤᮹ᳳǃ᳔䖳ᓔྟϢᅠ៤᮹ᳳˈϡ㗗㰥ӏԩ䌘⑤䰤ࠊDŽ⬅ℸ䅵ㅫ㗠ᕫⱘ᳔ᮽᓔྟϢᅠ៤᮹ᳳǃ᳔䖳ᓔྟϢᅠ៤᮹ᳳϡϔᅮᰃ乍Ⳃⱘ䖯ᑺ㸼˗ᅗӀাϡ䖛ᣛᯢ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ㒭ᅮⱘ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ǃ䘏䕥݇㋏ǃᯊ䯈ᦤࠡϢ⒲ৢ䞣ˈҹঞ݊ҪᏆⶹࠊ㑺ᴵӊϟᑨᔧᅝᥦⱘᯊ䯈↉Ϣ䭓ⷁDŽ⬅Ѣᵘ៤䖯ᑺ♉⌏ԭഄⱘᘏᯊᏂৃ㛑Ўℷǃ䋳䳊ؐˈ᳔ᮽᓔྟϢᅠ៤᮹ᳳǃ᳔䖳ᓔྟϢᅠ៤᮹ᳳⱘ䅵ㅫؐৃ㛑᠔᳝ⱘ䏃㒓Ϟ䛑Ⳍৠˈгৃ㛑ϡৠDŽӏԩ㔥㒰䏃㒓Ϟˈ䖯ᑺ♉⌏ԭഄⱘᇣ⬅᳔ᮽϢ᳔䖳᮹ᳳϸ㗙П䯈ℷⱘᏂؐއᅮˈ䆹ᏂؐিخĀᘏᯊᏂāDŽ݇䬂䏃㒓᳝䳊䋳ؐᘏᯊᏂˈ݇䬂䏃㒓Ϟⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼিخĀ݇䬂⌏ࡼāDŽЎњՓ䏃㒓ᘏᯊᏂЎ䳊ℷؐˈ᳝ᖙ㽕䇗ᭈ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ǃ䘏䕥݇㋏ǃᯊ䯈ᦤࠡϢ⒲ৢ䞣݊Ҫ䖯ᑺࠊ㑺㋴DŽϔᮺ䏃㒓ᘏᯊᏂЎ䳊ℷؐˈ߭䖬㛑⹂ᅮ㞾⬅ᯊᏂDŽ㞾⬅ᯊᏂህᰃϡᓊ䇃ৠϔ㔥㒰䏃㒓ϞӏԩⳈৢ㒻⌏ࡼ᳔ᮽᓔྟᯊ䯈ⱘᴵӊϟˈ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼৃҹ䖳ⱘᯊ䯈䭓ⷁDŽ.3䖯ᑺय़㓽䖯ᑺय़㓽ϡᬍব乍Ⳃ㣗ೈˈ⒵䎇䖯ᑺࠊ㑺ᴵӊǃᔎࡴ᮹ᳳ݊Ҫ䖯ᑺⳂᷛⱘࠡᦤϟ㓽ⷁ乍Ⳃⱘ䖯ᑺᯊ䯈DŽ䖯ᑺय़㓽ⱘᡔᴃ᳝˖x䍊䖯ᑺDŽᇍ䌍⫼䖯ᑺ䖯㸠ᴗ㸵ˈ⹂ᅮབԩሑ䞣ᇥࡴ䌍⫼ⱘࠡᦤϟ᳔䰤ᑺഄ㓽ⷁ乍Ⳃ᠔䳔ᯊ䯈DŽ䍊䖯ᑺᑊ䴲ᘏ㛑ѻ⫳ৃ㸠ⱘᮍḜˈড㗠ᐌᐌࡴ䌍⫼DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 145
݁ゴ 乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚xᖿ䗳䎳䖯DŽ䖭⾡䖯ᑺय़㓽ᡔᴃৠᯊ䖯㸠䗮ᐌᣝܜৢ乎ᑣ䖯㸠ⱘ䰊↉⌏ࡼDŽ՟བˈᓎㄥ⠽᠔᳝ᓎㄥ䆒䅵㒌ᅠ៤Пࠡህᓔྟ⸔ᮑᎹDŽᖿ䗳䎳䖯ᕔᕔ䗴៤䖨Ꮉˈᑊ䗮ᐌӮࡴ亢䰽DŽ䖭⾡ࡲ⊩ৃ㛑㽕∖পᕫᅠᭈǃ䆺㒚ⱘֵᙃПࠡህᓔྟᎹˈ՟བᎹ䆒䅵㒌DŽ݊㒧ᵰᰃҹࡴ䌍⫼ЎҷӋᤶপᯊ䯈ˈᑊ㓽ⷁ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺᯊ䯈㗠ࡴ亢䰽DŽ.4ሔ䴶ᑨᇍߚᵤሔ䴶ᑨᇍߚᵤህᰃᇍĀᚙ᱃Xߎ⦄ˈᑨᔧབԩ໘⧚˛ā䖭ḋⱘ䯂乬䖯㸠ߚᵤDŽ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤᰃ߽⫼䖯ᑺൟˈ䅵ㅫ⾡ḋⱘᚙ᱃ˈ՟བ䖳ᶤ䚼ӊⱘѸ䋻᮹ᳳˈᓊ䭓ԧ䆒䅵Ꮉⱘᯊ䯈ˈࡴܹ䇌བ㔶Ꮉ⬇䇋䆌ৃ䆕䖛ⱘব࣪ⱘ䚼㋴DŽሔ䴶ᑨᇍߚᵤⱘ㒧ᵰৃ⫼ѢԄ䅵乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦϡ߽ᴵӊϟⱘৃ㸠ᗻˈ⫼Ѣ㓪ࠊܟ᳡ޣ䕏⬅ߎТᛣ᭭ⱘሔ䴶䗴៤ⱘৢᵰⱘᑨᗹᑨᇍ䅵ߦDŽᢳᣛᇍ⌏ࡼߎ⾡؛䆒ˈ䅵ㅫ乍Ⳃ⾡ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈DŽ᳔ᐌ⫼ⱘᡔᴃᰃ㩭⡍व⋯ߚᵤ˄㾕↉˅ˈ䖭⾡ߚᵤЎ↣ϔ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ⹂ᅮϔ⾡⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ὖ⥛ߚᏗˈ✊ৢ߽⫼䖭ѯߚᏗ䅵ㅫߎᭈϾ乍Ⳃᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ৃ㛑㒧ᵰⱘὖ⥛ߚᏗDŽ.5䌘⑤ᑇ㸵䌘⑤ᑇ㸵ᰃϔ⾡䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤᡔᴃˈ⫼ѢᏆ㒣߽⫼݇䬂䏃㒓⊩ߚᵤ䖛ⱘ䖯ᑺൟПЁDŽ䌘⑤ᑇ㸵ⱘ⫼䗨ᰃ໘⧚ᯊ䯈ᅝᥦ䳔㽕⒵䎇㾘ᅮѸᎹ᮹ᳳⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼˈ໘⧚া᳝ᶤѯᯊ䯈ᠡ㛑ࡼ⫼া㛑ࡼ⫼᳝䰤᭄䞣ⱘᖙ㽕ⱘ݅⫼݇䬂䌘⑤ⱘሔ䴶ˈ㗙⫼Ѣ乍ⳂᎹԧᯊ䯈↉ᣝ✻ᶤ⾡∈ᑇഛࣔഄՓ⫼䗝ᅮ䌘⑤DŽ䖭⾡ഛࣔՓ⫼䌘⑤ⱘࡲ⊩ৃ㛑Ӯᬍবॳᴹⱘ݇䬂䏃㒓DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1462004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
݇䬂䏃㒓⊩ⱘ䅵ㅫ˄㾕↉˅㒧ᵰᰃ߱ℹⱘ᳔ᮽᓔྟϢᅠ៤᮹ᳳǃ᳔䖳ᓔྟϢᅠ៤᮹ᳳ䖯ᑺ㸼ˈ䖭⾡䖯ᑺ㸼ᶤѯᯊ䯈↉㽕∖Փ⫼ⱘ䌘⑤ৃ㛑↨ᅲ䰙ৃկՓ⫼ⱘ᭄䞣ˈ㗙㽕∖ᬍব䌘⑤∈ᑇˈ㗙ᇍ䌘⑤∈ᑇᬍবⱘ㽕∖䍙ߎњ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤⱘㅵ⧚㛑DŽᇚ⿔㔎䌘⑤佪ܜߚ䜡㒭݇䬂䏃㒓Ϟⱘ⌏ࡼˈ䖭⾡خ⊩ৃҹ⫼ᴹࠊᅮডϞ䗄ࠊ㑺㋴ⱘ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼DŽ䌘⑤ᑇ㸵ⱘ㒧ᵰ㒣ᐌᰃ乍Ⳃⱘ乘䅵ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈↨߱ℹ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼䭓DŽ䖭⾡ᡔᴃ᳝ᯊিخĀ䌘⑤އᅮ⊩āˈᔧ߽⫼䖯ᑺӬ࣪乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊ䖯㸠䌘⑤ᑇ㸵ᯊᇸ݊བℸDŽᇚ䌘⑤Ң䴲݇䬂⌏ࡼ䞡ᮄߚ䜡ࠄ݇䬂⌏ࡼⱘخ⊩ᰃՓ乍Ⳃ㞾ྟ㟇㒜ሑৃ㛑䖥ॳᴹЎ݊䆒ᅮⱘᭈԧᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈㗠㒣ᐌ䞛⫼ⱘᮍᓣDŽгৃҹ㗗㰥ḍϡৠⱘ䌘⑤᮹ग़߽⫼ᓊ䭓Ꮉᯊ䯈ǃ਼䗝ᅮ䌘⑤⧁Ꮉⱘࡲ⊩㓽ⷁ݇䬂⌏ࡼⱘᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈DŽᦤ催䌘⑤⫳ѻ⥛ᰃϔ⾡㓽ⷁᓊ䭓乍Ⳃ߱ℹ䖯ᑺᯊ䯈ⱘᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ⱘࡲ⊩DŽϡৠⱘᡔ6ᴃᴎ఼ˈ՟བ⬉㛥⑤ᑣⱘ䞡⫼ǃ㞾ࡼ⛞ǃ⬉ᄤㅵᴤߛࡆᴎˈҹঞ㞾ࡼ࣪⫳ѻ㒓䛑ᰃᦤ催䌘⑤ⱘ⫳ѻ⥛DŽᶤѯ乍Ⳃৃ㛑ᢹ᭄᳝䞣᳝䰤Ԛ݇䬂ⱘ乍Ⳃ䌘⑤DŽ䘛ࠄ䖭⾡ᚙމˈ䌘⑤ৃҹҢ乍Ⳃⱘ㒧ᴳ᮹ᳳᓔྟডᅝᥦˈ䖭⾡خ⊩িخᣝ䌘⑤ߚ䜡צᥦ䖯ᑺ⊩ˈԚϡϔᅮ㛑ࠊᅮߎ᳔Ӭ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼DŽ䌘⑤ᑇ㸵ᡔᴃᦤߎⱘ䌘⑤䰤ࠊ䖯ᑺ㸼ˈ᳝ᯊিخ䌘⑤ࠊ㑺䖯ᑺ㸼ˈᓔྟ᮹ᳳϢᅠ៤᮹ᳳ䛑ᰃ䅵ߦᓔྟ᮹ᳳϢ䅵ߦᅠ៤᮹ᳳDŽ.6݇䬂䫒⊩݇䬂䫒⊩ᰃϔ⾡䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤᡔᴃˈৃҹḍ᳝䰤ⱘ䌘⑤ᇍ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼䖯㸠䇗ᭈDŽ݇䬂䫒⊩㒧ড়њ⹂ᅮᗻϢ䱣ᴎᗻࡲ⊩DŽᓔྟᯊˈ߽⫼䖯ᑺൟЁ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ⱘ䴲ֱᅜԄㅫˈḍ㒭ᅮⱘձ䌪݇㋏Ϣࠊ㑺ᴵӊ㒬ࠊ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰DŽ✊ৢ䅵ㅫ݇䬂䏃㒓DŽ⹂ᅮ݇䬂䏃㒓Пৢˈᇚ䌘⑤ⱘ᳝᮴Ϣᆵᚙމ㗗㰥䖯এˈ⹂ᅮ䌘⑤ࠊ㑺䖯ᑺ㸼DŽ䖭⾡䌘⑤ࠊ㑺䖯ᑺ㸼㒣ᐌᬍবњ݇䬂䏃㒓DŽЎњֱ䆕⌏ࡼ䅵ߦᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ⱘ䞡⚍ˈ݇䬂䫒⊩⏏ࡴњᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈㓧ކ↉ˈ䖭ѯᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈㓧ކ↉ሲѢ䴲Ꮉ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼDŽϔᮺ⹂ᅮњ㓧ކ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼˈህᣝ✻᳔䖳ᓔྟϢ᳔䖳ᅠ៤᮹ᳳᅝᥦ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼDŽ䖭ḋϔᴹˈ݇䬂䫒⊩ህϡݡㅵ⧚㔥㒰䏃㒓ⱘᘏᯊᏂˈ㗠ᰃ䲚Ё⊼ᛣㅵ⧚㓧ކ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈⫼Ѣ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ䌘⑤DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 147
݁ゴ 乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚.7乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖯ᑺᅝᥦ䕃ӊᏆ㒣៤Ў᱂䘡ᑨ⫼ⱘ䖯ᑺ㸼ࠊᅮ↉DŽ݊Ҫ䕃ӊг䆌㛑Ⳉ䯈ഄৠ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊ䜡ড়䍋ᴹˈԧ⦄݊Ҫⶹ䆚乚ඳⱘ㽕∖ˈ՟བḍᯊ䯈↉䖯㸠䌍⫼Ԅㅫ˄㾕↉˅ˈᅮ䞣亢䰽ߚᵤЁⱘ䖯ᑺᢳ˄㾕↉˅DŽ䖭ѯѻક㞾ࡼ䖯㸠ℷϢড݇䬂䏃㒓ߚᵤ䌘⑤ᑇ㸵ⱘ᭄ᄺ䅵ㅫˈ䖭ḋϔᴹˈህ㛑䖙䗳ഄ㗗㰥䆌⾡䖯ᑺᅝᥦᮍḜDŽᅗӀ䖬ᑓ⊯ഄ⫼Ѣᠧॄᰒ⼎ࠊᅮᅠ↩ⱘ䖯ᑺ㸼៤ᵰDŽ.8ࡴܹ᮹ग़乍Ⳃ᮹ग़˄㾕↉˅䌘⑤᮹ग़˄㾕↉˅ᷛᯢњৃҹᎹⱘᯊ䯈↉DŽ乍Ⳃ᮹ग़ᕅડࠄ᠔᳝ⱘ⌏ࡼDŽ՟བˈЎ⇨ॳˈϔᑈᔧЁᶤѯᯊ䯈↉⦄എᎹᰃϡৃ㛑ⱘDŽ䌘⑤᮹ग़ᕅડࠄᶤ⾡ԧ䌘⑤䌘⑤⾡㉏DŽ䌘⑤᮹ग़ডњᶤѯ䌘⑤ᰃབԩা㛑ℷᐌ㧹Ϯᯊ䯈Ꮉˈ㗠ϔѯ䌘⑤ߚϝ⧁ᭈᎹˈ㗙乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ៤ਬℷӥ؛খࡴ䆁㗠᮴⊩䇗⫼ˈ㗙ᶤϔࢇࡼড়ৠ䰤ࠊᶤѯᎹҎϔϾ᯳ᳳᎹⱘ᭄DŽ.9䇗ᭈᯊ䯈ᦤࠡϢ⒲ৢ䞣ᦤࠡϢ⒲ৢᯊ䯈䞣Փ⫼ϡᔧӮ䗴៤乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ϡড়⧚ˈ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤ䖛Ё䇗ᭈᦤࠡϢ⒲ৢᯊ䯈䞣ˈҹ֓ᦤߎড়⧚ǃৃ㸠ⱘ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼DŽ.10䖯ᑺൟ䖯ᑺ᭄ֵᙃ㒣䖛ᭈ⧚ˈ⫼Ѣ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺൟПЁDŽ䖯㸠䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤˈࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ᯊˈᇚ䖯ᑺൟᎹϢⳌᑨⱘ䖯ᑺൟ᭄ৠᎹᮍ⊩乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊ㒧ড়ϔ䍋Փ⫼DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1482004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ࠊ䅶䖯ᑺ㸼˖៤ᵰ.1乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼㟇ᇥࣙᣀ↣乍䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ䅵ߦᓔྟ᮹ᳳϢ䅵ߦᅠ៤᮹ᳳDŽབᵰᮽᳳ䰊↉䖯㸠њ䌘⑤㾘ߦˈ⹂䅸䌘⑤ߚ䜡ˈ䅵ߦᓔྟϢ䅵ߦᅠ៤᮹ᳳᅮПࠡˈ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ྟ㒜ሲѢ߱ℹ䖯ᑺ㸼DŽ䖭Ͼ䖛ϔ㠀থ⫳乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦࠊ䅶ᅠ៤Пࠡ˄㾕㡖˅DŽ乍ⳂⳂᷛ䖯ᑺ㸼䖬ৃҹᇍѢ↣ϔ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䛑⹂ᅮⳂᷛᓔྟ᮹ᳳϢⳂᷛᅠ៤᮹ᳳDŽ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ৃҹㅔ㽕ὖᣀˈ䖭⾡ᔶᓣ᳝ᯊিخᘏ䖯ᑺ㸼䞠䖯ᑺ㸼ˈѺৃ䆺㒚ԧDŽ㱑✊ৃ⫼㸼ḐᔶᓣˈԚᐌ㾕ⱘخ⊩ᰃ⫼ҹϟϔ⾡⾡Ḑᓣⱘᔶ㸼⼎˖6x乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰DŽࡴϞ⌏ࡼ᮹ᳳ䌘᭭ⱘᔶˈϔ㠀᮶㸼⼎乍Ⳃ㔥㒰䘏䕥ˈজ㸼⼎乍Ⳃ݇䬂䏃ᕘϞⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼDŽ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰᳝⌏ࡼ㡖⚍㸼⼎⊩˄ऩҷো㔥㒰˅ˈབ6-5᠔⼎˗г᳝ᯊᷛ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ˈ6-10ህᰃ䆺㒚㒬ࠊⱘ䖭⾡ˈᯊᷛ㔥㒰᳝ᯊিخ䘏䕥῾䘧DŽҢ6-10䖬ৃⳟߎࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼ᯊབԩᇚ↣ϔᎹ㒚Ⳃߚ㾷Ўϔ㋏߫ᕐℸ㘨㋏ⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼDŽx῾䘧DŽ῾䘧⫼῾䘧㸼⼎⌏ࡼˈ⊼ᯢњ⌏ࡼⱘᓔྟϢ㒧ᴳ᮹ᳳˈҹঞ⌏ࡼⱘ乘ᳳᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈DŽ῾䘧ᆍᯧⳟពˈ㒣ᐌ⫼Ѣㅵ⧚ሖҟ㒡ᚙމDŽЎњࠊϢㅵ⧚≳䗮ⱘᮍ֓ˈ䞠ϾѦⳌձ䌪ⱘᎹ㒚ⳂП䯈ࡴܹݙᆍˈ㓐ড়ⱘὖᣀᗻ⌏ࡼˈᑊਞЁҹ῾䘧ⱘᔶᓣ㸼⦄ߎᴹDŽ䖭⾡ὖᣀᗻ⌏ࡼيᇨ⿄Ў∛ᘏ⌏ࡼDŽ6-10Ёⱘὖᣀᗻ⌏ࡼ䚼ߚ䞛পњᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵰⱘᔶᓣDŽx䞠DŽϢ῾䘧㉏ԐˈԚҙᷛ⼎ߎЏ㽕ৃѸҬ៤ᵰҹঞ݇䬂ⱘ䚼ষⱘ㾘ᅮᓔྟϢᅠ៤᮹ᳳDŽ䞠ⱘ՟ᄤ6-10ⱘ䞠䖯ᑺ㸼䚼ߚDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 149
݁ゴ 乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚䞠䖯ᑺ㸼乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ᯊ䯈㣗ೈ⌏ࡼ᮹ग़⌏ࡼৡ⿄㓪োऩԡᯊᳳ1ᯊᳳ2ᯊᳳ3ᯊᳳ4ᯊᳳ ᦤկᮄѻકZⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰ-ᓔྟ 㒘៤䚼ߚ1-ᅠ៤ 㒘៤䚼ߚ2-ᅠ៤ ᦤկᮄѻકZⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰ-ᅠ៤0᭄᮹ᳳὖᣀᗻ䖯ᑺ㸼乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ᯊ䯈㣗ೈ⌏ࡼ᮹ग़⌏ࡼৡ⿄㓪োऩԡᯊᳳ1ᯊᳳ2ᯊᳳ3ᯊᳳ4ᯊᳳ ᦤկᮄѻકZⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰ 67Ꮉ㒚Ⳃ1-߯䗴㒘៤䚼ߚ 53Ꮉ㒚Ⳃ2-߯䗴㒘៤䚼ߚ 53Ꮉ㒚Ⳃ3-ᇚ㒘៤䚼ߚ㒘ড়Ўᭈԧ᭄᮹ᳳ㸼ᯢ䘏䕥݇㋏ⱘ䆺㒚䖯ᑺ㸼乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ᯊ䯈㣗ೈ⌏ࡼ᮹ग़⌏ࡼৡ⿄㓪োऩԡᯊᳳ1ᯊᳳ2ᯊᳳ3ᯊᳳ4ᯊᳳ ᦤկᮄѻકZⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰ-ᓔྟ Ꮉ㒚Ⳃ1-߯䗴㒘៤䚼ߚ 㒘៤䚼ߚ1䆒䅵 㒘៤䚼ߚ1ࠊ 㒘៤䚼ߚ1⌟䆩 㒘៤䚼ߚ1ᅠ៤ Ꮉ㒚Ⳃ2-߯䗴㒘៤䚼ߚ 㒘៤䚼ߚ2䆒䅵 㒘៤䚼ߚ2ࠊ 㒘៤䚼ߚ2⌟䆩 㒘៤䚼ߚ2ᅠ៤ Ꮉ㒚Ⳃ3-ᇚ㒘៤䚼ߚ㒘ড়Ўᭈԧ ᇚ㒘៤䚼ߚ12㒘ড়Ўᭈԧ ⌟䆩㒘ড়៤ⱘѻક ѸҬѻક ᦤկᮄѻકZⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰ-ᅠ៤0᭄᮹ᳳ6-10˖乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ⱘᔶ㸼⼎6-10˖乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ⱘᔶ㸼⼎®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1502004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
6-10ᰃϔϾℷᠻ㸠ⱘ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ˈҟ㒡Ꮉ䖯ሩᯊՓ⫼ⱘᰃ᭄᮹ᳳDŽ᭄᮹ᳳ᳝ᯊгিخेࠏ᮹ᳳDŽ䆹㸼⼎њᏆᅠ៤䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᅲ䰙ᓔྟ᮹ᳳǃᅲ䰙ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ᅲ䰙ᅠ៤᮹ᳳ˗Ꮉℷ䖯㸠ⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᅲ䰙ᓔྟ᮹ᳳǃ࠽ԭᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ᔧࠡᅠ៤᮹ᳳ˗ҹঞᎹᇮᓔྟⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᔧࠡᓔྟ᮹ᳳǃॳᅮᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ᔧࠡᅠ៤᮹ᳳDŽ6-10ᰃϔϾㅔऩⱘ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ˈ݊Ё᳝䞠䖯ᑺ㸼ǃὖᣀᗻ䖯ᑺ㸼䆺㒚ⱘ䖯ᑺ㸼DŽ6-10Ⳉ㾖ഄᰒ⼎ߎ䆺㒚ᑺϡৠⱘϝϾ㸼⼎ᔶᓣП䯈ⱘ݇㋏DŽ.2䖯ᑺൟ᭄乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ⱘ䕙ࡽ᭄㟇ᇥᑨࣙᣀ䖯ᑺ䞠ǃ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼǃ⌏ࡼሲᗻˈҹঞ᠔᳝Ꮖ㒣䆚߿ⱘ؛䆒Ϣࠊ㑺㋴ⱘ᭛ᄫ䆄䕑DŽℸ㉏᭄ⱘᆵᑨ⫼乚ඳ㗠ᓖDŽ6㒣ᐌᔧ䕙ࡽ㒚㡖ܹ߫䖯ᑺൟ᭄ЁⱘֵᙃࣙᣀˈԚϡ䰤Ѣབϟᮍ䴶˖xᣝᯊ↉ᦤߎⱘ䌘⑤㽕∖ˈᕔᕔҹ䌘⑤Ⳉᮍⱘᔶᓣᰒ⼎DŽx݊Ҫৃկ䗝ᢽⱘ䖯ᑺ㸼ˈ՟བˈ᳔ད᳔ണⱘᚙމˈ䌘⑤ᑇ㸵ϡᑇ㸵ˈ᳝᮴ᔎࠊᗻ᮹ᳳDŽx䖯ᑺᑨᗹټDŽ՟བˈ⬉ᄤ䆒䅵乍Ⳃˈ䖯ᑺൟ᭄ৃ㛑ࣙᣀҎ䌘⑤Ⳉᮍǃ⦄䞥⌕䞣乘⌟ˈҹঞ䅶䋻ϢѸ䋻䖯ᑺ㸼ㄝDŽ.3䖯ᑺޚ䖯ᑺޚᰃḍᇍ䖯ᑺൟ䖯㸠ⱘ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤ㗠ᦤߎⱘϔ⾡⡍⅞ᔶᓣⱘ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼DŽ䆹䖯ᑺ㸼乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⧁ᄤ䅸ৃϢᡍޚПৢˈᔧ䖯ᑺޚՓ⫼ˈᷛᯢޚᓔྟ᮹ᳳޚᅠ៤᮹ᳳDŽ.4䌘⑤㽕∖˄ᮄ˅䌘⑤ᑇ㸵ᇍѢᖙ㽕䌘⑤㉏ൟϢ᭄䞣ⱘ߱ℹԄㅫ᳝ᯊᕅડᕜDŽབᵰ䌘⑤ᑇ㸵ߚᵤᬍবњ乍Ⳃ䌘⑤㽕∖ˈህ㽕ᮄ䌘⑤㽕∖DŽ.5⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄ᮄ˅⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄㾕↉˅ᮄৢˈᑨׂܹ߫ᬍⱘ䌘⑤㽕∖Ϣ᠔᳝݊Ҫࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼䖛ЁᦤߎϨ㒣䖛ᡍޚⱘব˄㾕↉˅DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 151
݁ゴ 乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚.6乍Ⳃ᮹ग़˄ᮄ˅乍Ⳃ᮹ग़ህᰃ㓪ᥦ⹂ᅮᓔሩ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ᮹ᳳⱘᎹ᮹Ꮉ⧁ⱘ᮹ग़DŽ乍Ⳃ᮹ग़г⹂ᅮњϡᓔሩ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ䴲Ꮉ᮹ˈ՟བ㡖؛᮹ǃ਼ˈҹঞ᮴Ꮉ⧁ⱘᯊ䯈DŽ↣ϔ乍Ⳃⱘ᮹ग़ৃҹḍϡৠⱘ᮹ग़ऩԡᅝᥦ乍Ⳃⱘ䖯ᑺⱘDŽ.7⬇䇋ⱘবࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼䖛Ёৃ㛑ᦤߎব䇋∖˄㾕↉˅ˈব䇋∖㽕㒣䖛ᭈԧবࠊ䖛˄㾕㡖˅ⱘᅵᶹϢ໘㕂DŽ.8乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅ᮄ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㾕㡖˅ˈҹ֓ড᠔᳝ᡍޚⱘবˈҹঞㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺⱘᮍᓣϢᮍ⊩DŽx䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅DŽབᵰ乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚ⱘ䖛Ё᳝ᡍޚⱘব˄㾕↉˅ˈ߭乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㾕㡖˅Ё䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䚼ߚ˄㾕6ゴᓩ㿔˅ህৃ㛑䳔㽕ᇚ䖭ѯᡍޚⱘব㒇ܹ݊ЁDŽ䖯ᑺࠊ䖯ᑺࠊⱘݙᆍᰃ˖x߸ᮁ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺⱘᔧࠡ⢊ᗕ˗xᇍ䗴៤䖯ᑺব࣪ⱘ㋴ᮑࡴᕅડ˗xᶹᯢ䖯ᑺᰃ৺Ꮖ㒣ᬍব˗xᅲ䰙ব࣪ߎ⦄ᯊᇍ݊䖯㸠ㅵ⧚DŽ䖯ᑺࠊᰃᭈԧবࠊ˄㾕㡖˅ⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1䖯ᑺਞ.1䖯ᑺൟ᭄˄ᮄ˅.2䖯ᑺޚ.2䖯ᑺবࠊ㋏㒳.2䖯ᑺޚ˄ᮄ˅.3䖯ሩਞ.3䖯ሩ⌟䞣.3䖯ሩ⌟䞣.4ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.4乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊ.4⬇䇋ⱘব.5أᏂߚᵤ.5㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.6䖯ᑺय़㓽῾䘧.6㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.7⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ˄ᮄ˅.8⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄ᮄ˅.9乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅6-11˖䖯ᑺࠊ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1522004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
䖯ᑺࠊ˖ձ.1䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㾕㡖˅Ё᳝⹂ᅮњㅵ⧚Ϣࠊ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺᮍᓣϢᮍ⊩ⱘ䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㾕6ゴᓩ㿔˅DŽ.2䖯ᑺޚ⫼Ѣࠊⱘ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼˄㾕 ↉˅ᰃᕫࠄᡍޚⱘ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ˈিخ䖯ᑺޚ˄㾕 ↉˅DŽ䖯ᑺޚᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㾕㡖˅ⱘϔϾ㒘៤䚼ߚˈᰃ⌟䞣Ϣਞ䖯ᑺᅲᮑᚙމⱘޚˈгᰃᅲᮑᚙމ⌟䞣ޚⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽ䖯ሩਞ䖯ሩਞ˄㾕↉˅ᦤկњ᳝݇䖯ᑺᅲᮑᚙމⱘֵᙃˈ՟བાѯ䅵ߦ᮹ᳳᏆᣝᳳᅠ៤ˈાѯ䖬ᣝᳳᅠ៤DŽ䖯ሩਞ䖬ᦤ䝦乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ⊼ᛣᇚᴹ᳝ৃ㛑䖯ᑺᅲᮑᮍ䴶ߎ⦄咏⚺ⱘ䯂乬DŽ.4ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖া᳝ҹࠡ㒣䖛ᭈԧবࠊ䖛䅵ߦ˄㾕㡖˅໘⧚䖛ⱘব䇋∖˄㾕↉˅ᠡ㛑⫼ᴹᮄ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺޚ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㾕㡖˅ⱘ݊Ҫ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽ䖯ᑺࠊ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1䖯ᑺਞ䖯ᑺਞҹঞᔧࠡ䖯ᑺ⢊ᗕࣙᣀབϟϔѯֵᙃˈ՟བᅲ䰙ᓔྟϢᅠ៤᮹ᳳˈҹঞᅠ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ࠽ԭᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈DŽབᵰ䖬Փ⫼њᅲ⦄Ӌؐ䖭ḋⱘ䖯ሩ⌟䞣ˈ߭гৃ㛑᳝ℷ䖯㸠ПЁⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᅠ៤ⱒߚ↨DŽЎњ֓Ѣᅮᳳਞ乍Ⳃⱘ䖯ᑺˈ㒘㒛ݙখϢ乍ⳂⱘϾऩԡৃҹ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳݙ㞾ྟ㟇㒜Փ⫼㒳ϔⱘḋᵓDŽḋᵓৃҹ⫼㒌ˈѺৃ⫼⬉㛥᭛ӊDŽ.2䖯ᑺবࠊ㋏㒳䖯ᑺবࠊ㋏㒳㾘ᅮ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺব᠔ᑨ䙉ᕾⱘ㓁ˈࣙᣀк䴶⬇䇋ǃ䗑䏾㋏㒳ҹঞḌޚবⱘᅵᡍ㑻߿DŽ䖯ᑺবࠊ㋏㒳ⱘࡳ㛑ሲѢᭈԧবࠊ䖛˄㾕㡖˅ⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 153
݁ゴ 乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚.3ᅲᮑᚙމ⌟䞣ᅲᮑᚙމ⌟䞣ᡔᴃⱘ㒧ᵰᰃ䖯ᑺأᏂ˄SV˅˄㾕↉˅Ϣ䖯ᑺᬜᵰᣛ᭄˄SPI˅˄㾕↉˅DŽ䖯ᑺأᏂϢ䖯ᑺᬜᵰᣛ᭄⫼ѢԄ䅵ᅲ䰙থ⫳ӏԩ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺأᏂⱘᇣDŽ䖯ᑺࠊⱘϔϾ䞡㽕⫼ᰃ߸ᮁᏆথ⫳ⱘ䖯ᑺأᏂᰃ৺䳔㽕䞛প㑴ℷ㸠ࡼDŽ՟བ䴲݇䬂䏃ᕘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ䞡ᓊ䇃ᇍ乍Ⳃᘏԧ䖯ᑺᕅડ⫮ᖂˈ㗠݇䬂䏃ᕘ䖥݇䬂䏃ᕘϞϔϾⷁᕫⱘᓊ䇃ै᳝ৃ㛑㽕∖ゟे䞛প㸠ࡼDŽ.4乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊ⫼Ѣࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊ㛑䗑䏾Ϣ↨䕗䅵ߦ᮹ᳳϢᅲ䰙᮹ᳳˈ乘⌟ᅲ䰙┰ⱘ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺব᠔ᏺᴹⱘৢᵰˈℸᰃ䖯ᑺࠊⱘ᳝⫼ᎹDŽ.5أᏂߚᵤ䖯ᑺⲥ㾚䖛Ёˈ䖯㸠أᏂߚᵤᰃ䖯ᑺࠊⱘϔϾ݇䬂㘠㛑DŽᇚⳂᷛ䖯ᑺ᮹ᳳৠᅲ䰙乘⌟ⱘᓔྟϢᅠ៤᮹ᳳ䖯㸠↨䕗ˈৃҹ㦋ᕫথ⦄أᏂҹঞߎ⦄ᓊ䇃ᯊ䞛প㑴ℷᮑ᠔䳔ⱘֵᙃDŽ䆘Ӌ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺᅲᮑᚙމᯊˈᘏᯊᏂгᰃߚᵤ乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ᅲᮑᬜᵰⱘϔϾᖙϡৃᇥⱘ㾘ߦ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽ.6䖯ᑺ↨䕗῾䘧Ўњ㡖ⳕߚᵤᯊ䯈䖯ᑺⱘᯊ䯈ˈՓ⫼↨䕗῾䘧ᕜᮍ֓DŽЁ↣ϔ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䛑⬏ϸᴵ῾䘧DŽϔᴵ㸼⼎ᔧࠡᅲ䰙⢊ᗕˈϔᴵ㸼⼎㒣䖛ᡍޚⱘ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺޚ⢊ᗕDŽℸ⊩Ⳉ㾖ഄᰒ⼎ߎԩ໘䖯ሩヺড়䅵ߦˈԩ໘Ꮖ㒣ᓊ䇃DŽ 䖯ᑺࠊ˖៤ᵰ.1䖯ᑺൟ᭄˄ᮄ˅乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ᮄᣛᇍ⫼Ѣㅵ⧚乍Ⳃⱘ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺൟ䌘᭭᠔ⱘӏԩׂᬍDŽᖙ㽕ᯊˈ㽕䗮ⶹ㒭᳝݇ⱘ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙DŽ䞡ᮄ㒬ࠊⱘ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ሩ⼎ᕫࠄᡍޚⱘ࠽ԭᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ᇍᎹ䅵ߦ᠔خⱘׂᬍDŽ᳝ѯᯊˈ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺৃ㛑ᓊ䇃䴲ᐌϹ䞡ˈ䳔㽕ׂᬍⳂᷛᓔྟϢᅠ៤᮹ᳳˈࠊᅮᮄⱘⳂᷛ䖯ᑺ㸼ˈᠡ㛑ЎᣛᇐᎹˈЎ⌟䞣ᅲᮑᚙމϢ䖯ሩᦤկ⦄ᅲⱘ᭄DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1542004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.2䖯ᑺޚ˄ᮄ˅ׂᬍ䖯ᑺ㸼ᰃϔ⾡⡍⅞㉏ൟⱘ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ᮄDŽׂᬍᣛᬍব㒣䖛ᡍޚⱘ䖯ᑺޚЁ䅵ߦᓔྟϢᅠ៤᮹ᳳDŽϔ㠀ᰃᡍޚ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䌍⫼Ԅㅫᮍ䴶ⱘব䇋∖˄㾕↉˅ПৢᠡᬍবϞ䗄᮹ᳳDŽা᳝ᡍޚবᯊˈᠡࠊᅮ㒣䖛ׂᬍⱘ䖯ᑺޚDŽॳᴹⱘ䖯ᑺޚ䖯ᑺൟϔⳈֱᄬࠄࠊᅮߎᮄⱘ䖯ᑺޚˈҹ䰆϶༅乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ⱘग़᭄DŽ.3䖯ሩ⌟䞣ЎᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚˈ⡍߿ᰃᎹ㒚ⳂϢࠊ䋺᠋䅵ㅫᕫߎⱘ䖯ᑺأᏂ˄SV˅Ϣ䖯ᑺᬜᵰᣛ᭄˄SPI˅᭄ؐ䆄ܹ᭛ӊᑊ䗮ⶹ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙˄㾕↉˅DŽ⬇䇋ⱘব䖯ᑺأᏂߚᵤˈ䖲ৠᇍ䖯ᑺ䖯ሩਞⱘᅵᶹǃᅲᮑᚙމ⌟䞣ⱘ㒧ᵰˈҹঞᇍ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺൟⱘׂℷ䛑Ӯᇍ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺޚᦤߎব䇋∖˄㾕↉˅DŽ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺবৃ㛑гৃ㛑ϡ㽕∖䇗ᭈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘ݊Ҫ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽ⬇䇋ⱘবᰃ䗮䖛ᭈԧবࠊ䖛˄㡖˅ᅵᶹ໘㕂ⱘDŽ.5㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼᣛЎՓ乍Ⳃᴹ䖯ᑺⱘᅲᮑᚙމϢᡍޚⱘ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺޚֱᣕϔ㟈㗠䞛পⱘӏԩ㸠ࡼDŽᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚乚ඳⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ䗮ᐌ⍝ঞࠄ䍊䖯ᑺ˖े䞛প⡍⅞㸠ࡼֱ䆕䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᣝᯊᅠ៤ˈ㗙㟇ᇥᡞᓊ䇃䰡Ԣࠄ᳔ԢᑺDŽ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼᕔᕔ㽕∖䖯㸠ḍᴀॳߚᵤˈᶹᯢ䗴៤أᏂⱘॳDŽ䖭⾡ߚᵤৃ㛑⍝ঞࠄᑊ䴲ᅲ䰙䗴៤أᏂⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼDŽℸˈৃҹ߽⫼乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼Ёᥦৢ䴶ⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᇍ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺߎ⦄أᏂৢⱘᘶ䖯㸠㾘ߦᅲᮑDŽ.6㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅أᏂⱘॳˈ䗝প㑴ℷ㸠ࡼᯊⱘᗱ㗗䖛ҹঞҢ䖯ᑺࠊЁ≆পⱘ݊Ҫᬭ䆁ഛᑨᔶ៤᭛ᄫˈ㒇ܹ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻПЁ˄㾕↉˅ˈՓ݊៤Ўᴀ乍Ⳃᅲᮑ㒘㒛݊Ҫ乍Ⳃग़᭄ᑧⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 155
݁ゴ 乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚.7⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ˄ᮄ˅Ꮖ↉䇈ᯢDŽ.8⌏ࡼሲᗻ˄ᮄ˅Ꮖ↉䇈ᯢDŽ.9乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㾕㡖˅Ё䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䚼ߚ˄㾕6ゴᓩ㿔˅ᮄৢড䖯ᑺࠊ䖛ᡍޚⱘ᠔᳝বˈҹঞㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺⱘ䖛DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1562004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ϗゴ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚ࣙᣀ⍝ঞ䌍⫼㾘ߦǃԄㅫǃ乘ㅫǃࠊⱘ䖛ˈҹֱ֓䆕㛑Ꮖ7ᡍޚ乘ㅫПݙᅠ៤乍ⳂDŽ7-1ሩ⼎њϟ߫ϝϾ䖛ⱘὖ䉠ˈ7-2ሩ⼎њ䖭ѯ䖛ⱘ⌕ǃձ៤ᵰˈҹঞϢ݊ᅗⶹ䆚ԧ㋏䖛ⱘ݇㋏˖䌍⫼Ԅㅫ – 㓪ࠊᅠ៤乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼ᠔䳔䌘⑤ⱘ㟈䌍⫼DŽ䌍⫼乘ㅫ – ড়䅵Ͼ⌏ࡼᎹࣙⱘԄㅫ䌍⫼ˈҹᓎゟ䌍⫼ޚDŽ䌍⫼ࠊ – ᕅડ䗴៤䌍⫼أᏂⱘ㋴ˈࠊ乍Ⳃ乘ㅫⱘবDŽ䖭ѯ䖛ϡҙᕐℸѸѦ⫼ˈ㗠Ϩ䖬Ϣ݊Ҫⶹ䆚乚ඳⱘ䖛ѸѦ⫼DŽḍ乍Ⳃⱘԧ䳔㽕ˈ↣Ͼ䖛䛑ৃ㛑⍝ঞϔϾϾϾҎ䲚ԧ᠔ҬߎⱘࡾDŽϔ㠀ᴹ䇈ˈ↣Ͼ䖛↣Ͼ乍ⳂЁ㟇ᇥߎ⦄ϔDŽབᵰ乍Ⳃ㹿ߚ៤Ͼ䰊↉ˈ߭ϔϾϾ乍Ⳃ䰊↉ߎ⦄DŽ㱑✊ᴀゴЁˈ䖛㹿ᦣ䗄Ў⬠㒓⋒␁ߚᯢⱘ⣀ゟ㒘៤䚼ߚˈԚᰃᅲ䏉ЁˈᅗӀैৃ㛑ӮѸ䗁ϢⳌѦ⫼ˈ݊ԧᮍᓣᴀゴϡ䆺䗄DŽ݇Ѣ䖛䯈ⱘѸѦ⫼ˈ䇋খⳟϝゴDŽ㱑✊乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚Џ㽕݇ᖗⱘᰃᅠ៤乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼ᠔䳔䌘⑤ⱘ䌍⫼ˈԚгᖙ乏㗗㰥乍Ⳃއㄪᇍ乍Ⳃѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰⱘՓ⫼䌍⫼ǃ㓈ᡸ䌍⫼ᬃᣕ䌍⫼ⱘᕅડDŽ՟བˈ䰤ࠊ䆒䅵ᅵᶹⱘ᭄᳝ৃ㛑䰡Ԣ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ˈԚৠᯊህ᳝ৃ㛑ࡴᅶ᠋ⱘ䖤㧹䌍⫼DŽᑓНⱘ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䗮ᐌ⿄ЎĀ⫳ੑᳳ䌍⫼ԄㅫāDŽ⫳ੑᳳ䌍⫼ԄㅫᐌϢӋؐᎹᡔᴃ㒧ড়Փ⫼ˈৃ䰡Ԣ䌍⫼ˈ㓽ⷁᯊ䯈ˈᦤ催乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰⱘ䋼䞣㒽ᬜˈᑊӬ࣪އㄪ䖛DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 157
ϗゴ 乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䆌ᑨ⫼乚ඳˈᇍ乍Ⳃѻકᴹⱘ䋶ࡵ㒽ᬜⱘ乘⌟Ϣߚᵤᰃ乍ⳂПᅠ៤ⱘDŽϔѯ乚ඳ˄՟བˈ⸔䆒ᮑ乍Ⳃ˅ˈ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚гࣙᣀℸ乍ᎹDŽབᵰࣙᣀ䖭⾡乘⌟Ϣߚᵤˈ߭乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚ህ䳔㽕ࡴϔѯ䖛䆌䗮⫼ㅵ⧚ᡔᴃˈ՟བᡩ䌘ಲ⥛ǃᡬ⦄⦄䞥⌕䞣ǃᡩ䌘ಲᬊߚᵤㄝDŽ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚ᑨᔧ㗗㰥乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘֵᙃ䳔㽕ˈϡৠⱘ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ৃ㛑ϡৠⱘᯊ䯈ˈҹϡৠⱘᮍᓣ⌟ㅫ乍Ⳃⱘ䌍⫼DŽ՟བˈ⠽કⱘ䞛䌁䌍⫼ৃخߎᡓ䇎ǃথߎ䅶ऩǃ䗕䖒ǃ䋻⠽ѸҬᯊ⌟ㅫˈᅲ䰙䌍⫼থ⫳ᯊЎӮ䅵ḌㅫⳂⱘ䆄ᔩᅲ䰙䌍⫼ᯊ䖯㸠⌟ㅫDŽህᶤѯ乍Ⳃˈ⡍߿ᰃᇣ乍Ⳃ㗠㿔ˈ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ䌍⫼乘ㅫП䯈ⱘ݇㋏ᵕ݊ᆚߛˈҹ㟈ৃҹᇚ݊㾚ЎϔϾ䖛ˈ⬅ϔϾҎⳌᇍⷁⱘᯊ䯈↉ݙᇚ݊ᅠ៤DŽ䖭䞠ˈ៥Ӏ䖬ᰃᇚ݊Ўϡৠⱘ䖛䖯㸠ҟ㒡ˈЎ݊᠔⫼ⱘᎹᡔᴃϡⳌৠDŽ乍Ⳃ߱ᳳ䰊↉ˈᕅડ䌍⫼ⱘ㛑᳔ˈℸ䖭гᰃሑᮽᅠ៤㣗ೈᅮНⱘॳ˄㡖˅DŽ㱑✊ℸ໘Ўऩ⣀ⱘ䖛ᰒ⼎ˈԚᰃᠻ㸠乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚ⱘϝϾ䖛ⱘᎹПࠡˈ䖬᳝ϔϾ⬅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᅠ៤ⱘ㾘ߦ䖛ˈ䆹㾘ߦ䖛ᰃ㓪ࠊ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䖛ⱘϔ䚼ߚ˄㾕㡖˅DŽ݊㒧ᵰᰃ⫳៤䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦˈ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁ߫ߎњᵓᑊࠊᅮњ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼㾘ߦǃ㒧ᵘǃԄㅫǃ乘ㅫࠊⱘᷛޚDŽ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䖛ঞ݊Փ⫼ⱘᎹᡔᴃᑨ⫼乚ඳⱘϡৠ㗠ব࣪ˈϔ㠀乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳ˄খ㾕㡖˅ᅮН䖛Ёᇍℸ䖯㸠䗝ᢽˈᑊ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁ䆄ᔩDŽ՟བˈ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㛑ࠊᅮ˖x㊒⹂ㄝ㑻DŽѢ⌏ࡼ㣗ೈ乍Ⳃ㾘ˈ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ᭄ᇚ㊒⹂ࠄ㾘ᅮⱘ㊒ᑺ˄བ$100ǃ$1,000˅ˈᑊৃҹࣙᑨᗹ䌍⫼DŽx⌟䞣ऩԡDŽᅮНњ↣⾡䌘⑤ⱘ⌟䞣ऩԡˈབҎx ᯊǃҎx ᮹ǃҎx ਼ǃϔᘏҬℒ乱ㄝDŽx㒘㒛ᑣ䫒DŽ⫼Ѣ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ḌㅫⱘWBSऩܗ㹿⿄ЎࠊᏤⳂ˄CA˅ˈ↣ϔϾࠊᏤⳂ䛑㹿ߚ䜡ϔϾ㓪ⷕᏤোˈ䆹㓪ⷕᏤোϢᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘӮ䅵㋏㒳Ⳉ䖲DŽབᵰ䅵ߦᎹࣙⱘ䌍⫼ԄㅫࣙࠊᏤⳂݙˈ߭䅵ߦᎹࣙ乘ㅫᮍ⊩гࣙݙDŽxࠊϟ䰤DŽৃᅮН乍Ⳃᠻ㸠ⱘᶤϔᯊ䯈⚍ⱘ䌍⫼݊Ҫᣛᷛ˄བҎx ᮹ǃѻ䞣˅ⱘأᏂϟ䰤ˈҹᰒ⼎ܕ䆌ⱘأᏂ᭄ؐDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1582004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
xᅲ⦄Ӌؐ㾘߭DŽϝϾ՟ᄤᰃ˖1˅ᅮНњᅠ៤Ԅㅫ᠔Փ⫼ⱘᅲ⦄Ӌؐㅵ⧚䅵ㅫ݀ᓣˈ2˅ᓎゟᅲ⦄Ӌֵؐ⫼ᷛޚ˄བ0-100ˈ0-50-100ㄝ˅ˈ3˅ᅮНњWBSЁાϾ㑻߿ᑨ䆹䖯㸠ᅲ⦄ӋؐᡔᴃߚᵤⱘDŽxਞḐᓣDŽᅮНњ⾡䌍⫼ਞⱘḐᓣDŽx䖛䇈ᯢDŽ䆄ᔩњ↣Ͼ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䖛ⱘ䇈ᯢDŽϞ䗄᠔᳝ݙᆍ݊Ҫֵᙃ䛑ࣙ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁˈৃ㛑䅵ߦⱘℷ᭛ݙˈгৃ㛑Ў䰘ᔩDŽ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦࣙ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁˈᰃЎ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘҢሲ䅵ߦ˄㾕㡖˅DŽ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦৃҹᰃℷᓣⱘˈгৃҹᰃ䴲ℷᓣⱘˈৃҹᰃ䴲ᐌ䆺㒚ⱘˈгৃҹᰃὖᣀᗻⱘˈ㾚乍Ⳃ䳔㽕އᅮDŽ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚㾘ߦᎹ乍Ⳃ㾘ߦᮽᳳ䖯㸠ˈᑊЎ↣乍䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䖛䆒ᅮњḚᶊˈҹ֓⹂ֱ䖛ᅲᮑⱘण䇗ϔ㟈ᬜ⥛DŽ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䌍⫼Ԅㅫ䌍⫼乘ㅫ䌍⫼ࠊ.1ձ1ձ1ձ..1ӕϮ⦃๗㋴.1乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.1䌍⫼ޚ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ.2乍Ⳃ䌘䞥䳔∖.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.3 WBS 䆡∛㸼.3㒽ᬜਞ.4Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ.4⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ.4Ꮉ㒽ᬜֵᙃ.5 WBS䆡∛㸼.5⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫᬃᣕ㒚㡖.5ᅵᅮⱘব⬇䇋.6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.6乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ.6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦx䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.7䌘⑤᮹ग़2ᎹϢᡔᴃxҎਬㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.8䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1䌍⫼বࠊ㋏㒳x亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.2㒽ᬜ㸵䞣ߚᵤ2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1䌍⫼∛ᘏ.3乘⌟.1㉏↨Ԅㅫ.2ټ䞥ߚᵤ.4乍Ⳃ㒽ᬜᅵḌ.2⹂ᅮ䌘⑤䌍⥛.3খ᭄Ԅㅫ.5乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊ.3㞾ϟ㗠ϞԄㅫ.4䌘䞥㑺ᴳᑇ㸵.6أᏂㅵ⧚.4খ᭄Ԅㅫ3៤ᵰ3៤ᵰ.5乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊ.1䌍⫼ޚ.1䌍⫼Ԅㅫ˄ᮄ˅.6կ䋻ଚᡩᷛߚᵤ.2乍Ⳃ䌘䞥㽕∖.2䌍⫼ޚ˄ᮄ˅.7ޚ䞥ߚᵤ.3乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.3㒽ᬜ⌟䞣.8䋼䞣䌍⫼.4ব䇋∖.4乘⌟ᅠᎹ3៤ᵰ.5ব䇋∖.1⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ.6㤤ⱘᬍℷᮑ.2⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫᬃᣕ㒚㡖.7㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.3ব䇋∖.8乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.4䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅7-1˖乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚ὖ䉠®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 159
ϗゴ 乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚ग़ֵᙃᏖഎᚙމ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻӕϮ⦃๗㋴㒘㒛ᬓㄪଚϮ᭄ᑧᓔথ乍Ⳃ៤ᴀԄㅫ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㣗ೈᅮНㅵ⧚䅵ߦ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк៤ᴀㅵ⧚䅵ߦ() () () ⌏ࡼ៤ᴀԄㅫ⌏ࡼ៤ᴀԄㅫᡍޚⱘব䇋∖Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆺㒚ᬃᣕֵᙃ߯ᓎWBS ᡍޚⱘ㑴䫭ᮑWBSᄫ() ៤ᴀㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅ব䇋∖पᮍ䗝ᢽড়ৠ () ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ䌘⑤᮹ग़៤ᴀ乘ㅫব䇋∖() () ៤ᴀㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅៤ᴀޚ䖯ᑺᓔথ乍Ⳃ䌘䞥䳔∖乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ() 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅㤤ⱘ㑴ℷᮑ㒽ᬜਞ㓪ࠊ㒽ᬜਞᖙ㽕ⱘব 㓐ড়বࠊ៤ᴀࠊ() ៤ᴀޚ˄ᮄ˅() ()ᣛᇐㅵ⧚Ꮉ㒽ᬜֵᙃ乍Ⳃᠻ㸠() ៤ᴀԄㅫ˄ᮄ˅㒽ᬜ⌟䆘乍ⳂᎹⲥ乘ᳳᅠᎹ乍Ⳃᬊሒ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅() () ⊼˖ᴀ㛑ড᠔᳝䖛П䯈ⱘѸѦ⫼ֵᙃ⌕ࡼ7-2˖乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䖛⌕®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1602004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
䌍⫼ԄㅫԄㅫ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ䌍⫼⍝ঞԄㅫᅠ៤↣乍䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ᠔䳔ⱘ䌘⑤ⱘ䖥Ԑ䌍⫼DŽԄㅫ䌍⫼ᯊˈԄㅫᏜ䳔㗗㰥䌍⫼ԄㅫأᏂⱘৃ㛑ॳ˄ࣙᣀ亢䰽˅DŽ䌍⫼Ԅㅫࣙᣀ䆚߿㗗㰥⾡䌍⫼䅵ㅫᮍḜDŽབ᭄ᑨ⫼乚ඳˈ䆒䅵䰊↉خѯ乱ⱘᎹৃ㛑ޣᇥᠻ㸠䰊↉ѻક䖤㸠䌍⫼DŽ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ䖛㗗㰥乘ᳳⱘ䌍⫼㡖ⳕᰃ৺㛑ᓹ㸹乱䆒䅵Ꮉⱘ䌍⫼DŽ䌍⫼Ԅㅫϔ㠀ҹ䋻Ꮥऩԡ˄㕢ܗǃܗǃ᮹ܗㄝ˅㸼⼎ˈҢ㗠ᮍ֓乍Ⳃݙ䎼乍Ⳃ䖯㸠↨䕗DŽϔѯᚙމϟˈԄㅫᏜৃ䱣ৠ䌍⫼ԄㅫՓ⫼⌟䞣ऩԡ˄བҎx ᯊ᭄ǃҎx ᮹᭄˅Ԅㅫ䌍⫼ˈ֓Ѣড়⧚ⱘㅵ⧚ࠊDŽ乍Ⳃ䖯Ёˈৃᇍ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ䖯㸠㒚࣪ˈᴹড乱ⱘ䆺㒚㒚㡖DŽᭈϾ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳݙˈ乍ⳂԄㅫⱘޚ⹂ᗻ䱣ⴔ乍Ⳃⱘ䖯ሩ㗠ᦤ催DŽ՟བˈਃࡼ䰊7↉ˈ乍ⳂԄㅫЎ㉫⬹Ԅㅫˈे˖rough order of magnitude˄ROM˅ˈԄㅫ㣗ೈЎ-50% - +100%DŽ乍ⳂৢᳳˈЎњ㾷њⱘֵᙃˈԄㅫ㊒ᑺ㣗ೈ㛑㓽ᇣࠄ-10% - +15%DŽϔѯᑨ⫼乚ඳˈᏆᔶ៤ᣛᇐᮍ䩜ˈ⫼Ѣ⹂ᅮԩᯊᅠ៤㒚࣪ᳳᳯ䖒ࠄԩ⾡㊒ᑺDŽձֵᙃᴹ㞾Ѣ4-6ゴ9-12ゴⱘ乍Ⳃ䖛ⱘ៤ᵰDŽϔᮺᬊࠄৢˈ᠔᳝䖭ѯֵᙃᇚЎϝϾ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䖛ⱘձDŽᇚ䩜ᇍ乍ⳂՓ⫼ⱘ᠔᳝䌘⑤Ԅㅫ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䌍⫼DŽ䖭ࣙᣀˈԚϡ䰤ѢҎᎹǃᴤ᭭ǃ䆒ǃ᳡ࡵǃ䆒ᮑ⡍⅞ᴵⳂˈབ䗮䋻㝼㚔ޚ䞥ᑨᗹޚ䞥DŽ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫᰃ䩜ᇍᅠ៤䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ᠔䳔䌘⑤ⱘৃ㛑䌍⫼䖯㸠ⱘ䞣࣪䆘ԄDŽབᅲᮑ㒘㒛≵᳝ফ䖛ℷᓣ䆁㒗ⱘ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ԄㅫᏜˈ߭乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᇚ䳔㽕ᦤկ䌘⑤ϧϮ⡍䭓ᴹᅠ៤乍Ⳃ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ⌏ࡼDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 161
ϗゴ 乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚ձᎹᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1ӕϮ⦃๗㋴.1.㉏↨Ԅㅫ.1⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2⹂ᅮ䌘⑤䌍⥛.2⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫᬃᣕ㒚㡖.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.3㞾ϟ㗠ϞԄㅫ.3ব䇋∖.4Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ.4খ᭄Ԅㅫ.4䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.5 WBS䆡∛㸼.5乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊ.6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.6կ䋻ଚᡩᷛߚᵤx䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.7ޚ䞥ߚᵤ(Ҏਬㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.8䋼䞣䌍⫼(亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ7-3˖䌍⫼Ԅㅫ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ 䌍⫼Ԅㅫ˖ձ .1 ӕϮ⦃๗㋴䌍⫼Ԅㅫ䖛㗗㰥˖xᏖഎᴵӊDŽᏖഎЁҢ䇕ǃԩ⾡ᴵӊᴵℒϟ㛑ᕫࠄԩ⾡ѻકǃ᳡ࡵ㒧ᵰ˄㡖˅xଚϮ᭄ᑧDŽଚϮ᭄ᑧৃ䎳䏾ডᡔ㛑Ҏ䌘⑤䌍⫼ˈᦤկᴤ᭭䆒ⱘᷛޚ䌍⫼DŽҢଚϮ᭄ᑧ㒣ᐌৃ㦋ᕫ䌘⑤䌍⫼⥛ֵᙃDŽ݀ᏗⱘपᮍӋḐ⏙ऩᰃϔ⾡᭄ᴹ⑤DŽ .2 㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ㓪ࠊ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦᯊˈᇚ㗗㰥⦄ᄬⱘℷᓣ䴲ℷᓣⱘ䅵ߦǃᮍ䩜ǃᑣᣛᇐॳ߭˄㡖˅ˈ䗝ᢽՓ⫼ⱘ䌍⫼ԄㅫᎹǃⲥ⌟ਞᮍ⊩DŽx䌍⫼Ԅㅫᮍ䩜DŽϔѯ㒘㒛Ꮖ乘ܜᅮНњ䌍⫼Ԅㅫⱘᮍ⊩DŽབᵰ᳝䖭ѯᮍ䩜ˈ߭乍Ⳃᑨ䖭ѯᮍ䩜⹂ᅮⱘ䖍⬠㣗ೈݙ᪡DŽx䌍⫼ԄㅫᵓDŽϔѯ㒘㒛Ꮖᓎゟњկ乍Ⳃಶ䯳Փ⫼ⱘᵓ˄Ḑᓣᷛޚ˅DŽḍᵓⱘᑨ⫼乚ඳҹࠡ乍ⳂЁⱘՓ⫼ᚙމˈ㒘㒛㛑ᣕ㓁ᬍ䖯ᵓDŽxग़ֵᙃDŽҢ㒘㒛ݙ䚼ϡৠⱘഄᮍ㦋ᕫⱘϢ乍Ⳃѻક᳡ࡵ᳝݇ⱘֵᙃᇚᕅડࠄ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼DŽx乍Ⳃ᭛ḷDŽখϢ乍ⳂⱘϔϾϾ㒘㒛ᇚ⬭ᄬҹࠡ乍Ⳃᅲᮑ䆄ᔩˈ䖭ѯ䆄ᔩ䴲ᐌ䆺㒚ˈ㛑ᇍ㓪ࠊ䌍⫼ԄㅫᦤկᐂࡽDŽϔѯᑨ⫼乚ඳˈಶ䯳៤ਬгৃ㛑Ӯ⬭ᄬ䖭⾡䆄ᔩDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1622004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
x乍Ⳃಶ䯳ⶹ䆚DŽ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬৃ㛑Ӯಲᖚ䍋ҹࠡⱘᅲ䰙䌍⫼䌍⫼ԄㅫDŽ㱑✊䖭⾡ಲᖚᰃ᳝⫼ⱘˈԚᘏⱘᴹ䆆ˈᅗӀ䖰䖰≵᳝᭛ӊ䆄ᔩⱘᚙމৃ䴴DŽxপⱘᬭ䆁DŽপⱘᬭ䆁ࣙᣀҢҹࠡᠻ㸠ⱘ㉏Ԑ乍ⳂЁ˄㣗ೈ㾘㉏Ԑ˅㦋ᕫⱘ䌍⫼ԄㅫDŽ .3 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˄খ㾕㡖˅ᦣ䗄乍ⳂⱘଚϮ䳔∖ǃձǃ㽕∖ᔧࠡⱘ䖍⬠DŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкᦤկњ䌍⫼ԄㅫЁ䳔㗗㰥ⱘ݇Ѣ乍Ⳃ㽕∖ⱘ䞡㽕ֵᙃDŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкࣙᣀࠊ㑺㋴ǃ؛䆒䳔∖DŽࠊ㑺㋴ᰃ䰤ࠊ䌍⫼Ԅㅫⱘ⡍ᅮ㋴DŽ᭄乍ⳂЁˈ᳔ᐌ㾕ⱘࠊ㑺㋴Пϔᰃ乍Ⳃ乘ㅫ᳝䰤DŽ݊Ҫࠊ㑺㋴⍝ঞ㽕∖ⱘѸҬ៤ᵰǃৃ⫼ⱘᡔ㛑䌘⑤㒘㒛ᮍ䩜DŽ؛䆒ᰃᣛ؛ᅮ䅸Ўᰃⳳᅲǃ⦄ᅲǃ⹂ᅮⱘ㋴DŽ᳝ѯ㽕∖ˈ՟བ˖عᒋǃᅝܼǃֱᡸǃ㒽ᬜǃ⦃๗ǃֱ䰽ǃⶹ䆚ѻᴗǃᑇㄝህϮᴎӮǃ䆌ৃㄝˈӮ䗴៤ড়ৠ⊩ᕟᕅડDŽ᠔᳝䖭ѯ㋴䛑䳔㓪ࠊ䌍⫼Ԅㅫᯊ㗗㰥DŽ7乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкгᦤկњৃѸҬ៤ᵰ⏙ऩ乍Ⳃঞ݊ѻકǃ᳡ࡵ㒧ᵰⱘ偠ᬊᷛޚDŽࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼Ԅㅫᯊˈᇚ㗗㰥᠔᳝㽕㋴DŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкЁⱘѻક㣗ೈ䇈ᯢᦤկњѻક᳡ࡵⱘᦣ䗄ˈҹঞ䌍⫼ԄㅫЁ㗗㰥ⱘᡔᴃ䯂乬ᢙᖗᮍ䴶ⱘ䞡㽕ֵᙃDŽ .4 Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ乍ⳂⱘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄WBS˅˄㾕˅䇈ᯢњ乍Ⳃ᠔᳝㒘៤䚼ߚϢ乍ⳂѸҬ៤ᵰП䯈ⱘ݇㋏˄㾕˅DŽ .5 WBS䆡∛㸼WBS䆡∛㸼˄খⳟ˅Ⳍ݇ⱘ䆺㒚Ꮉ䇈ᯢкᦤկњৃѸҬ៤ᵰⱘᷛ䆚ᅠ៤↣ϾৃѸҬ៤ᵰ᠔䳔ⱘWBS㒘ӊⱘᎹ䇈ᯢDŽ .6 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㾕㡖˅ᦤկњᠻ㸠ǃⲥ乍Ⳃⱘᘏԧ䅵ߦˈ݊ݙࣙᣀЎ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚㾘ߦࠊᦤկᣛᇐⱘҢሲ䅵ߦDŽབᵰ᳝݊Ҫ䅵ߦ៤ᵰˈ߭ᑨ䌍⫼Ԅㅫᯊ㗗㰥.®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 163
ϗゴ 乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚x䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦDŽއᅮ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ⱘЏ㽕㋴ᰃ䌘⑤ⱘ㉏ൟ᭄䞣ҹঞ䖭ѯ䌘⑤ᑨ⫼ࠄᅠ៤乍ⳂᎹⱘᯊ䯈DŽ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤ঞ݊㞾ⱘᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ᰃ䖭Ͼ䖛ⱘЏ㽕ձDŽ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ˄㾕㡖˅⍝ঞ⹂ᅮᅠ៤䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ᠔䳔Ҏਬǃ䆒ǃᴤ᭭ⱘ᭄䞣ৃ⫼ᗻDŽᅗ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ㋻ᆚ㘨㋏DŽབ乍Ⳃ乘ㅫ㗗㰥њࣙᣀ߽ᙃㄝⱘ㵡䌘䌍⫼䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ݙᣝᯊ䯈ऩԡՓ⫼䌘⑤ˈ߭⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ˄㾕㡖˅ᇚᕅડ乍Ⳃⱘ䌍⫼ԄㅫDŽ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈г㛑ᕅડᇍᯊ䯈ᬣᛳⱘ⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫˈ՟བˈህখࡴᎹӮ㒘㒛ⱘᎹҎ㗠㿔ˈ݊ᅮᳳᮄⱘ䲚ԧ䇜߸ण䆂ǃ䌍⫼䱣ᄷ㡖ব࣪ⱘᴤ᭭ˈҹᯊ䯈Ўব䞣ⱘ䌍⫼Ԅㅫˈབ乍Ⳃᅲᮑᳳ䯈Ⳍҹᯊ䯈Ўব䞣ⱘ⦄എㅵ⧚䌍⫼DŽxҎਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦDŽ乍ⳂҎਬⱘሲᗻҎᎹ䌍⥛˄㾕㡖˅ᰃ㓪ࠊ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦ䌍⫼Ԅㅫⱘᖙ㽕㒘៤䚼ߚDŽx亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠDŽᔧ㓪ࠊ䌍⫼Ԅㅫᯊˈ䌍⫼ԄㅫᏜᇚ㗗㰥亢䰽ᑨᇍᮍ䴶ⱘֵᙃ˄㾕㡖˅DŽ亢䰽ˈৃ㛑ᰃ࿕㚕ˈгৃ㛑ᰃᴎ䘛ˈϔ㠀ᇍ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ѻ⫳ᕅડDŽЎϔ㠀㾘ᕟˈᔧ乍Ⳃ䙁䘛ϡ߽亢䰽ᯊᯊˈ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼Тᘏᰃࡴˈ㗠乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺᇚӮᓊ䇃DŽ 䌍⫼Ԅㅫ˖Ꮉᡔᴃ .1 ㉏↨Ԅㅫ䌍⫼㉏↨Ԅㅫˈᣛ߽⫼䖛এ㉏Ԑ乍Ⳃⱘᅲ䰙䌍⫼Ўᔧࠡ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼Ԅㅫⱘ⸔DŽᔧᇍ乍Ⳃⱘ䆺㒚ᚙމњ㾷⫮ᇥᯊ˄՟བˈ乍Ⳃⱘ߱ᳳ䰊↉˅ˈᕔᕔ䞛⫼䖭⾡ᮍ⊩Ԅㅫ乍Ⳃⱘ䌍⫼DŽ㉏↨Ԅㅫᰃϔ⾡ϧᆊ߸ᮁDŽ㉏↨Ԅㅫⱘ䌍⫼䗮ᐌԢѢ݊Ҫᮍ⊩ˈԚ݊㊒⹂ᑺ䗮ᐌг䕗ᏂDŽℸ⾡ᮍ⊩ҹϟᚙމϟ᳔Ўৃ䴴˖ҹᕔⱘ乍Ⳃⱘᅲ䋼ⳌԐˈ㗠ϡাᰃ㸼䴶ϞⳌԐˈᑊϨˈ䖯㸠ԄㅫⱘϾҎ䲚ԧ᳝᠔䳔ⱘϧϮⶹ䆚DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1642004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.2 ⹂ᅮ䌘⑤䌍⥛⹂ᅮ䌍⥛ⱘϾҎ㓪ࠊԄㅫⱘ䲚ԧᖙ乏ⶹ䘧↣⾡䌘⑤ⱘऩԡ䌍⥛ˈབ↣ᇣᯊⱘҎᎹ䌍↣ゟᮍ㣅ሎⱘᬷ㺙ᴤ᭭ⱘ䌍⫼ˈҢ㗠ᴹԄㅫ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䌍⫼DŽᬊ䲚Ӌ˄㾕㡖˅ᰃ㦋ᕫ䌍⥛ⱘϔ⾡ᮍ⊩DŽᇍѢড়ৠ乍ϟ㦋ᕫⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰˈৃড়ৠЁ㾘ᅮ㗗㰥њ䗮䋻㝼㚔㋴ⱘᷛޚ䌍⥛DŽҢଚϮ᭄ᑧपᮍॄࠋⱘӋḐ⏙ऩЁ㦋ᕫ᭄ᰃ㦋ᕫ䌍⥛ⱘϔ⾡ᮍ⊩DŽབᵰϡⶹ䘧ᅲ䰙䌍⥛ˈ߭ᖙ乏ᇍ䌍⥛ᴀ䑿䖯㸠ԄㅫDŽ .3 㞾ϟ㗠ϞԄㅫ䖭ϾᡔᴃᣛԄㅫϾ߿Ꮉࣙ㒚㡖᳔䆺㒚ⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ䌍⫼ˈ✊ৢᇚ䖭ѯ䆺㒚䌍⫼∛ᘏࠄ催ሖ㑻ˈҹ֓⫼Ѣਞ䎳䏾ⳂⱘDŽ㞾ϟ㗠ϞԄㅫᮍ⊩ⱘ䌍⫼Ϣޚ⹂ᗻপއѢϾ߿䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᎹࣙⱘ㾘ᴖᑺDŽϔ㠀ˈ䳔㽕ᡩܹ䞣䕗ᇣⱘ⌏ࡼৃᦤ催䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫⱘޚ⹂ᗻDŽ7 .4 খ᭄Ԅㅫখ᭄Ԅㅫ⊩ᰃϔ⾡䖤⫼ग़᭄݊Ҫব䞣˄བˈᮑᎹЁⱘᑇᮍ㣅ሎ䗴Ӌǃ䕃ӊ㓪Ёⱘ㓪ⷕ㸠᭄ǃ㽕∖ⱘҎᎹᇣᯊ᭄˅П䯈ⱘ㒳䅵݇㋏ᴹ䅵ㅫ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤ⱘ䌍⫼ԄㅫⱘᡔᴃDŽ䖭⾡ᡔᴃԄㅫⱘޚ⹂ᑺপއѢൟⱘᴖᗻঞ݊⍝ঞⱘ䌘⑤᭄䞣ঞ䌍⫼᭄DŽϢ䌍⫼ԄㅫⳌ݇ⱘ՟ᄤᰃˈᇚᎹⱘ䅵ߦ᭄䞣Ϣऩԡ᭄䞣ⱘग़䌍⫼ⳌЬᕫࠄԄㅫ䌍⫼DŽ .5 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊˈབ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ䕃ӊǃ䅵ㅫᴎᎹ㸼ǃᢳ㒳䅵Ꮉˈ㹿ᑓ⊯⫼ᴹ䖯㸠䌍⫼ԄㅫDŽ䖭ѯᎹৃҹㅔ࣪ϔѯ䌍⫼Ԅㅫᡔᴃˈ֓Ѣ䖯㸠⾡䌍⫼ԄㅫᮍḜⱘᖿ䗳䅵ㅫDŽ .6 կ䋻ଚᡩᷛߚᵤ݊ᅗⱘ䌍⫼Ԅㅫᮍ⊩ࣙᣀկ䋻ଚᡩᷛߚᵤ乍Ⳃᑨᓔ䫔䌍⫼ߚᵤDŽབ乍Ⳃᰃ䗮䖛ゲӋ䖛থࣙⱘˈ߭乍Ⳃಶ䯳㽕∖䖯㸠乱ⱘ䌍⫼ԄㅫᎹᴹẔᶹ↣ϾৃѸҬ៤ᵰⱘӋḐˈ✊ৢᕫߎϔϾᬃᣕ乍Ⳃ᳔㒜ᘏ䌍⫼ⱘ䌍⫼ؐDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 165
ϗゴ 乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚ .7 ޚ䞥ߚᵤᕜ䌍⫼ԄㅫᏜдᛃѢ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䌍⫼ԄㅫЁࡴܹޚ䞥ᑨᗹټDŽԚ䖭ᄬϔϾݙ䯂乬ˈे᳝ৃ㛑Ӯ༌䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘԄㅫ䌍⫼DŽᑨᗹټᰃ⬅乍Ⳃ㒣⧚㞾⬅Փ⫼ⱘԄㅫ䌍⫼ˈ⫼ᴹ໘⧚乘ᳳԚϡ⹂ᅮⱘџӊDŽ䖭ѯџӊ⿄ЎĀᏆⶹⱘⶹџӊāˈᰃ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䌍⫼ޚⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽ䌍⫼ᑨᗹټⱘϔ⾡ㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩ᰃˈᇚⳌ݇ⱘऩϾ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ∛䲚៤ϔ㒘ˈᑊᇚ䖭ѯ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ䌍⫼ᑨᗹټ∛ᘏ䍋ᴹˈ䌟ќࠄϔ乍䅵ߦ⌏ࡼDŽ䖭Ͼ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ৃҹЎ䳊ˈᑊ䌃こ䖭㒘䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ㔥㒰䏃ᕘˈ⫼ᴹټᄬ䌍⫼ᑨᗹټDŽ䖭⾡䌍⫼ᑨᗹټㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩ⱘϔϾ⼎՟ᰃˈᎹࣙ∈ᑇˈᇚᑨᗹټ䌟ќϔϾᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ў䳊ⱘ⌏ࡼˈ䆹⌏ࡼ䎼䍞䆹Ꮉࣙᄤ㔥㒰ⱘᓔྟࠄ㒧ᴳDŽ䱣ⴔ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ䖯ሩˈḍᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ϡЎ䳊ⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ䌘⑤⍜㗫⌟䞣ᑨᗹټˈᑊ䖯㸠䇗ᭈDŽℸˈᇍѢ⬅Ⳍ݇ⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ㒘៤ⱘ㒘ড়ⱘ⌏ࡼ䌍⫼أᏂህ㊒⹂ᕫˈЎҪӀϡᰃѢᚆ㾖ⱘ䌍⫼ԄㅫDŽ .8 䋼䞣䌍⫼䋼䞣䌍⫼˄㾕㡖˅г㛑㹿⫼ᴹ㓪ࠊ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䌍⫼ԄㅫDŽ 䌍⫼Ԅㅫ˖៤ᵰ .1 ⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫᰃᣛᅠ៤䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ᠔䳔䌘⑤ⱘৃ㛑䌍⫼ⱘᅮ䞣Ԅ䅵ˈ݊㸼䗄ৃ䆺ৃ⬹DŽ᠔᳝ᑨ⫼ࠄ⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫⱘ䌘⑤ഛᑨܹ߫Ԅㅫ㣗ೈˈ݊ЁࣙᣀԚϡ䰤ѢˈҎᎹǃᴤ᭭ǃ⠽䌘ǃҹঞ䇌བ䗮䋻㝼㚔䌍⫼ᑨᗹټㄝ⡍⅞㣗⭈DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1662004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.2 ⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫᬃᣕ㒚㡖䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫⱘᬃᣕᗻ㒚㡖ⱘ᭄䞣㉏ൟ䱣ᑨ⫼乚ඳⱘϡৠ㗠ϡৠDŽ᮴䆎ᬃᣕ㒚㡖䆺㒚ᑺབԩˈᬃᣕ᭛ӊᑨᦤկ⏙᱄ⱘǃϧϮⱘǃᅠᭈⱘ䌘᭭ˈ䗮䖛䖭ѯ䌘᭭ৃҹᕫߎ䌍⫼ԄㅫDŽ⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫⱘᬃᣕᗻ㒚㡖ᑨࣙᣀ˖x䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᎹ㣗ೈⱘᦣ䗄xձⱘ᭛ᄫ䆄䕑˄ेˈབԩ㓪ࠊⱘԄㅫ˅x᠔؛䆒ⱘ᭛ᄫ䆄䕑xࠊ㑺ᴵӊⱘ᭛ᄫ䆄䕑x݇ѢԄㅫ㣗ೈⱘ䆄䕑˄՟བ˖$10,000˄-10% - +15%˅㸼ᯢℸ乍Ꮉⱘ䌍⫼乘ᳳ$9,000Ϣ$11,500П䯈˅DŽ .3 ব䇋∖7䌍⫼Ԅㅫ䖛ৃҹѻ⫳ᕅડ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄7ゴҟ㒡䚼ߚ˅ǃ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤㽕∖˄㾕㡖˅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘ݊Ҫ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘব䇋∖˄㾕㡖˅DŽব䇋∖䗮䖛ᭈԧবࠊ䖛䖯㸠໘⧚ᅵᶹ˄㾕㡖˅DŽ .4 䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅བᵰᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖ᰃ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ䖛Ёѻ⫳ⱘ˄খⳟ㡖˅ᑊϨᇚᕅડ䌍⫼ⱘㅵ⧚ˈ߭ᑨᮄ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㾕7ゴҟ㒡ᴤ᭭˅Ёⱘ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦDŽ䌍⫼乘ㅫ䌍⫼乘ㅫᣛᇚऩϾ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᎹࣙⱘԄㅫ䌍⫼∛ᘏˈҹ⹂ゟ㸵䞣乍Ⳃ㒽ᬜⱘᘏԧ䌍⫼ޚDŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкᦤկњ∛ᘏ乘ㅫDŽԚ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᎹࣙⱘ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ䆺㒚ⱘ乘ㅫ䇋∖ᎹᥜᴗПࠡ㓪ࠊDŽձᎹᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.1䌍⫼∛ᘏ.1䌍⫼ޚ.2Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ.2ޚ䞥ߚᵤ.2乍Ⳃ䌘䞥㽕∖.3 WBS 䆡∛㸼.3খ᭄Ԅㅫ.3乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄.4⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ.4䌘䞥㑺ᴳᑇ㸵ᮄ˅.5⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫᬃ.4ব䇋∖ᣕ㒚㡖.6乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ.7䌘⑤᮹ग़.8䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ7-4˖䌍⫼乘ㅫ˖ձǃᎹᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 167
ϗゴ 乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚ 䌍⫼乘ㅫ˖ձ .1 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкৃ乍Ⳃゴ˄খⳟ㡖˅ড়ৠЁℷᓣ㾘ᅮ乍Ⳃ䌘䞥ᓔᬃⱘ䰊↉ᗻ䰤ࠊDŽ䖭ѯ䌘䞥ⱘ㑺ᴳ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкЁডˈৃ㛑ᰃ⬅Ѣфᮍ㒘㒛݊Ҫ㒘㒛˄བᬓᑰ䚼䮼˅䳔ᇍᑈᑺ䌘䞥䖯㸠ᥜᴗ᠔㟈DŽ .2 Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ乍ⳂᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄WBS˅˄খⳟ㡖˅⹂ᅮњ乍Ⳃⱘ᠔᳝㒘៤䚼ߚ乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰП䯈ⱘ݇㋏˄㡖˅DŽ .3 WBS䆡∛㸼WBS䆡∛㸼˄খⳟ㡖˅Ⳍ݇ⱘ䆺㒚ⱘᎹ䇈ᯢк⹂ᅮњৃѸҬ៤ᵰঞᅠ៤↣ϾѸҬ៤ᵰ᠔䳔WBS㒘ӊݙ乍Ꮉⱘ䇈ᯢDŽ .4 ⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ∛ᘏϔϾᎹࣙݙ↣Ͼ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ˄খⳟ㡖˅ˈҢ㗠㦋ᕫ↣ϾᎹࣙⱘ䌍⫼ԄㅫDŽ .5 ⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫᬃᣕᗻ㒚㡖㡖Ёᦣ䗄DŽ .6 乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦ˄খⳟ㡖˅ࣙᣀ乍Ⳃ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ䅵ߦᓔྟ㒧ᴳ᮹ᳳǃ䖯ᑺ䞠ǃᎹࣙǃ䅵ߦࣙࠊᏤⳂDŽḍ䖭ѯֵᙃˈᇚ䌍⫼ᣝ✻݊ᢳᅮথ⫳ⱘ᮹ग़ᳳ䰤∛ᘏDŽ .7 䌘⑤᮹ग़㡖Ёᦣ䗄DŽ .8 ড়ৠᇚձ䞛䌁ⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰঞ݊䌍⫼ㄝড়ৠ˄খⳟ㡖˅ֵᙃˈ㓪ࠊ乘ㅫDŽ .9 䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㓪ࠊ䌍⫼乘ㅫᯊᇚ㗗㰥乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚Ңሲ䅵ߦ݊ҪҢሲ䅵ߦDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1682004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
䌍⫼乘ㅫ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ .1 䌍⫼∛ᘏ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䌍⫼ԄㅫḍWBS∛ᘏࠄᎹࣙDŽ✊ৢᎹࣙⱘ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ∛ᘏࠄWBSЁⱘ催ϔ㑻˄՟བ˖ࠊᏤⳂ˅ˈ᳔㒜ᔶ៤ᭈϾ乍Ⳃⱘ乘ㅫDŽ .2 ޚ䞥ߚᵤ䗮䖛ޚ䞥ߚᵤ˄খⳟ㡖˅ᔶ៤ᑨᗹޚ䞥ˈ՟བˈㅵ⧚ᑨᗹޚ䞥ˈ䆹ޚ䞥⫼Ѣᑨᇍ䅵ߦⱘԚ᳝ৃ㛑䳔㽕ⱘবDŽ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠЁ⹂ᅮⱘ亢䰽ৃ㛑Ӯᇐ㟈䖭⾡বDŽㅵ⧚ᑨᗹޚ䞥Ўᑨᇍ䅵ߦⱘԚ᳝ৃ㛑䳔㽕ⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䌍⫼ব㗠乘⬭ⱘ乘ㅫDŽᅗӀᰃĀⶹⱘⶹāˈᑊϨ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ࡼ⫼㢅䫔䖭ヨޚ䞥Пࠡᖙ乏㦋ᕫᡍޚDŽㅵ⧚ᑨᗹޚ䞥ϡᰃ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ޚⱘϔ䚼ߚˈԚࣙ乍Ⳃ7ⱘ乘ㅫݙDŽЎᅗӀϡЎ乘ㅫߚ䜡ˈℸᅗӀгϡᰃᅲ⦄Ӌؐ䅵ㅫⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽ .3 খ᭄Ԅㅫখ᭄ԄㅫᡔᴃᣛϔϾ᭄ᄺൟЁՓ⫼乍Ⳃ⡍ᗻ˄খ᭄˅ᴹ乘⌟ᘏԧ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼DŽൟৃҹᰃㅔऩⱘ˄བˈሙ⇥᠓ሟ᠔㢅䫔ⱘ䌍⫼ᣝ↣ᑇᮍ㣅ሎሙԣ䴶⿃㢅䫔ⱘ䌍⫼䅵ㅫ˅ˈгৃҹᰃᴖⱘ˄བ䕃ӊ㓪ࠊ䌍⫼ⱘখ᭄ԄㅫൟՓ⫼13Ͼ⣀ゟⱘ䇗ᭈ㋏᭄ˈ↣Ͼ㋏᭄᳝5-7⚍˅DŽখ᭄ൟⱘ䌍⫼ޚ⹂ᑺ䍋ӣব࣪ᕜDŽᅗӀϟ߫ᚙމϟ᳔᳝ৃ㛑ᰃৃ䴴ⱘ˖x⫼Ѣᓎゟൟⱘग़ֵᙃᰃޚ⹂ⱘxൟЁՓ⫼ⱘখ᭄ᰃᕜᆍᯧ䞣࣪xൟᰃৃҹᠽሩⱘˈᇍѢ乍Ⳃᇣ乍Ⳃ䛑䗖⫼DŽ .4 䌘䞥䰤ࠊᑇ㸵ᇍ㒘㒛䖤㸠㗠㿔ˈϡᏠᳯ䌘䞥ⱘ䰊↉ᗻ㢅䫔㒣ᐌথ⫳ⱘ䍋ӣব࣪DŽℸˈ䌘䞥ⱘ㢅䫔⬅⫼᠋ᠻ㸠㒘㒛䆒ᅮⱘ乍Ⳃ䌘䞥ᬃߎⱘ⬠䰤ݙ䖯㸠ᑇ㸵DŽ䳔㽕ᇍᎹ䖯ᑺᅝᥦ䖯㸠䇗ᭈˈҹᅲ⦄ᬃߎᑇ㸵ˈ䖭ৃ䗮䖛乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦݙЎ⡍ᅮᎹࣙǃ䖯ᑺ䞠Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘ӊ㾘ᅮᯊ䯈䰤ࠊᴵӊᅲ⦄DŽ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦⱘ䞡ᮄ䇗ᭈᇚᕅડ䌘⑤ⱘߚ䜡DŽབᵰ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦࠊᅮ䖛Ёҹ䌘䞥Ў䰤ࠊᗻ䌘⑤ˈ߭ৃḍᮄ㾘ᅮⱘ᮹ᳳ䰤ࠊᴵӊ䞡ᮄ䖯㸠䆹䖛DŽ㒣䖛䖭⾡Ѹⱘ㾘ߦ䖛ᔶ៤ⱘ᳔㒜ѻ⠽ᰃ䌍⫼ޚDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 169
ϗゴ 乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚ 䌍⫼乘ㅫ˖៤ᵰ .1 䌍⫼ޚ䌍⫼ޚᰃᣝᯊ䯈ߚ↉ⱘ乘ㅫˈ⫼ᑺ䞣ⲥ乍Ⳃᭈԧ䌍⫼㒽ᬜⱘޚDŽᅗᣝᯊ↉∛ᘏԄㅫⱘ䌍⫼㓪ࠊ㗠៤ˈ䗮ᐌҹS᳆㒓ⱘᔶᓣ㸼⼎ˈབ7-5᠔⼎DŽ䌍⫼ޚᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘϔϾ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽ䆌乍Ⳃˈ⡍߿ᰃ乍Ⳃˈৃ㛑᳝Ͼ䌍⫼ޚ䌘⑤ޚ⍜㗫ક⫳ѻޚˈ˄བ↣ⱘ⏋ޱೳゟᮍⷕ˅ˈᴹ䞣ᑺ乍Ⳃ㒽ᬜⱘϡৠᮍ䴶DŽ՟བˈㅵ⧚ሖৃ㽕∖乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ߚ߿ⲥݙ䚼䌍⫼˄ҎᎹ˅䚼䌍⫼˄ড়ৠଚᓎㄥᴤ᭭˅ᘏⱘҎᎹᇣᯊ᭄DŽ .2 乍Ⳃ䌘䞥䳔∖䌘䞥䳔∖ˈ᮴䆎ᰃᘏԧ䳔∖䖬ᰃ䰊↉ᗻ䳔∖˄՟བ˖↣ᑈ↣ᄷᑺ˅ᰃḍ䌍⫼ޚ⹂ᅮⱘˈৃ䆒ᅮࣙᣀϔᅮᆍᏂˈҹᑨᇍᦤࠡᅠᎹ䌍⫼䍙ᬃ䯂乬DŽߎ䌘ϔ㠀ϡᰃ䖲㓁ᗻⱘߎ䌘ˈ㗠ᰃ⏤ᗻߎ䌘ˈℸˈ7-5Ёਜ⦄䰊ẃ㒧ᵘDŽ᠔䳔ⱘᘏԧ䌘䞥ㄝѢ䌍⫼ޚࡴㅵ⧚ᑨᗹޚ䞥䞥乱DŽㅵ⧚ᑨᗹޚ䞥ৃ↣Ͼ䰊↉ⱘߎ䌘Ёࡴܹˈ䳔㽕ᯊᠡࡼ⫼ˈ䖭পއѢ㒘㒛ⱘᬓㄪDŽ7-5Ёˈㅵ⧚ޚ䞥ᰃ乍Ⳃ㒧ᴳ⚍ডⱘˈ㗠џᅲϞˈ㦋ᕫㅵ⧚ޚ䞥ᓔᬃᥜᴗᑊᅲ䰙ᬃߎПৢˈ䌍⫼ޚ⦄䞥⌕᳆㒓䛑ᇚᦤ催DŽ乍Ⳃ㒧ᴳᯊˈᏆߚ䜡䌘䞥䌍⫼ޚǃ⦄䞥⌕䞥乱П䯈ⱘᏂؐҷ㸼㹿Փ⫼ⱘㅵ⧚ޚ䞥DŽ䌘䞥䳔∖៤ᴀޚᳳᳯ⦄䞥⌕᳔䌘䞥䳔∖៤ᴀޚッؐⱘᏂᓖህᰃㅵ⧚ټᯊ䯈7-5˖⦄䞥⌕ǃ䌍⫼ޚߎ䌘䞥乱®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1702004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA ㌃䅵Ӌؐ
.3 䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅བᵰᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖˄খⳟ㡖˅ᰃЎ䌍⫼乘ㅫ䖛᠔㟈ᑊϨᇚᕅડ䌍⫼ⱘㅵ⧚ˈ߭ᑨᮄ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁⱘ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦDŽ .4 ব䇋∖䌍⫼乘ㅫ䖛ৃҹѻ⫳ᕅડ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘ݊Ҫ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘব䇋∖˄㾕㡖˅DŽব䇋∖䗮䖛ᭈԧবࠊ䖛䖯㸠໘⧚ᅵᶹ˄㾕㡖˅DŽ䌍⫼ࠊ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ࠊࣙᣀ˖7xᇍ䗴៤䌍⫼ޚবⱘ㋴ᮑࡴᕅડx⹂ֱব䇋∖㦋ᕫৠᛣxᔧবথ⫳ᯊˈㅵ⧚䖭ѯᅲ䰙ⱘবxֱ䆕┰ⱘ䌍⫼䍙ᬃϡ䍙䖛ᥜᴗⱘ乍Ⳃ䰊↉䌘䞥ᘏԧ䌘䞥xⲥⴷ䌍⫼㒽ᬜˈᡒߎϢ䌍⫼ޚⱘأᏂxޚ⹂䆄ᔩ᠔᳝ⱘϢ䌍⫼ޚⱘأᏂx䰆ℶ䫭䇃ⱘǃϡᙄᔧⱘᡍޚⱘব㹿㒇ܹ䌍⫼䌘⑤Փ⫼ਞЁxህᅵᅮⱘবˈ䗮ⶹ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙x䞛পᮑˈᇚ乘ᳳⱘ䌍⫼䍙ᬃࠊৃফⱘ㣗ೈݙDŽ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ࠊᶹᡒℷǃ䋳أᏂⱘॳˈᅗᰃᭈԧবࠊⱘϔ䚼ߚ˄খⳟ㡖˅DŽ՟བˈ㢹ᇍ䌍⫼أᏂ䞛পϡ䗖ᔧⱘᑨᇍᮑˈህৃ㛑䗴៤䋼䞣䖯ᑺ䯂乬ˈ乍Ⳃৢᳳѻ⫳᮴⊩ফⱘᎼ亢䰽DŽձᎹᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1䌍⫼ޚ.1䌍⫼বࠊ㋏㒳.1䌍⫼Ԅㅫ˄ᮄ˅.2乍Ⳃ䌘䞥䳔∖.2㒽ᬜ㸵䞣ߚᵤ.2䌍⫼ޚ.3㒽ᬜਞ.3乘⌟.3㒽ᬜ⌟䞣.4Ꮉ㒽ᬜֵᙃ.4乍Ⳃ㒽ᬜᅵḌ.4乘⌟ᅠᎹ.5ᅵᅮⱘব⬇䇋.5乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊ.5ব䇋∖.6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.6أᏂㅵ⧚.6㤤ⱘᬍℷᮑ.7㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.8乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅7-6˖䌍⫼ࠊ˖ձǃᎹᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 171
ϗゴ 乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚ 䌍⫼ࠊ˖ձ .1 䌍⫼ޚ䌍⫼ޚ㡖Ёᦣ䗄DŽ .2 乍Ⳃ䌘䞥䳔∖乍Ⳃ䌘䞥䳔∖㡖Ёᦣ䗄DŽ .3 㒽ᬜਞ㒽ᬜਞ˄খⳟ㡖˅ᦤկᅲ䰙Ꮉ䖯ሩЁ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼䌘⑤㒽ᬜⱘֵᙃDŽ .4 Ꮉ㒽ᬜֵᙃᎹ㒽ᬜֵᙃ˄খⳟ㡖˅ᬊ䲚ℷᠻ㸠ⱘ乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼⱘⳌֵ݇ᙃ˄ࣙᣀ⢊ᗕ䌍⫼ֵᙃ˅DŽ䖭ѯֵᙃࣙᣀԚϡ䰤Ѣ˖xᏆᅠ៤ⱘ䖬ᅠ៤ⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰ˗xᥜᴗথ⫳ⱘ䌍⫼˗xᅠ៤䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᅠ៤ᇮ䳔䌍⫼Ԅㅫx䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᅠ៤Ꮉ䞣ⱒߚ↨ .5 ᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖ߎ㞾ᭈԧবࠊ䖛ⱘᅵᅮব䇋∖Ёˈৃࣙᣀᇍড়ৠⱘ䌍⫼ᴵℒǃ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈǃ䌍⫼ޚ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘׂᬍDŽ .6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦᔧᠻ㸠䌍⫼ㅵ⧚ࠊ䖛ᯊˈᑨ㗗㰥乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦঞ݊䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ݊ᅗҢሲ䅵ߦDŽ 䌍⫼ࠊ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ .1 䌍⫼বࠊ㋏㒳䌍⫼বࠊ㋏㒳䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁ䆄ᔩDŽᅗ㾘ᅮ䌍⫼ޚবᑨ䙉ᕾⱘᑣˈࣙᣀ㸼Ḑǃ᭛ḷǃ䎳䏾㋏㒳ǃḌޚবⱘᅵᡍ㑻߿DŽ䌍⫼বࠊ㋏㒳Ϣᭈԧবࠊ䖛㋻ᆚ㘨㋏DŽ .2 㒽ᬜ㸵䞣ߚᵤ㒽ᬜ㸵䞣ᡔᴃ᳝ࡽѢ䆘Ԅᖙᇚߎ⦄ⱘأᏂঞ݊ᇣDŽᅲ⦄Ӌؐᡔᴃ˄EVT˅ᰃᇚᏆᅠᎹⱘ乘ㅫ䌍⫼˄ᅲ⦄ؐ˅ᣝॳܜߚ䜡ⱘ乘ㅫؐ䖯㸠㌃ࡴ㦋ᕫⱘ㌃ࡴؐϢ䅵ߦᎹⱘ乘ㅫ䌍⫼˄䅵ߦؐ˅ᏆᅠᎹⱘᅲ䰙䌍⫼˄ᅲ䰙ؐ˅䖯㸠↨䕗DŽ䖭Ͼᡔᴃᇍ䌍⫼ࠊǃ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚ǃ⫳ѻ⡍߿᳝⫼DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1722004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
䌍⫼ࠊⱘϔϾ䞡㽕䚼ߚˈᰃ⹂ᅮأᏂѻ⫳ⱘॳǃأᏂⱘ䞣㑻ˈއᅮᰃ৺䳔㽕䞛প㸠ࡼ㑴ℷأᏂDŽᅲ⦄Ӌؐᡔᴃ߽⫼乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄খⳟ㡖˅Ёⱘ䌍⫼ޚ˄খⳟ㡖˅ᴹ䆘Ԅ乍Ⳃ䖯ሩথ⫳ⱘӏԩأᏂⱘ䞣㑻DŽᅲ⦄Ӌؐᡔᴃ䳔Ў↣乍䅵ߦ⌏ࡼǃᎹࣙࠊᏤⳂ⹂ᅮ䖭ѯ䞡㽕᭄ؐˈे˖x䅵ߦӋؐ˄PV˅DŽPVᰃࠄ᮶ᅮⱘᯊ䯈⚍ࠡ䅵ߦᅠ៤ⱘϔ乍⌏ࡼWBS㒘ӊᎹⱘ乘ㅫ䌍⫼DŽxᅲ⦄Ӌؐ˄EV˅DŽEVᰃ᮶ᅮⱘᯊ䯈↉ݙ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼWBS㒘ӊⱘᅲ䰙ᅠᎹᎹⱘ乘ㅫ䌍⫼DŽxᅲ䰙䌍⫼˄AC˅DŽACᰃ᮶ᅮⱘᯊ䯈↉ݙᅠ៤䅵ߦ⌏ࡼWBS㒘ӊⱘᎹথ⫳ⱘᘏ䌍⫼DŽᅲ䰙䌍⫼˄AC˅ᅮНݙᆍ㣗ೈᮍ䴶ᖙ乏Ϣ䅵ߦӋؐ˄PV˅ᅲ⦄ӋؐⳌᇍᑨ˄བҙࣙⳈᇣᯊǃҙࣙⳈ䌍⫼ˈࣙᣀ䯈䌍⫼ݙⱘܼ䚼䌍⫼˅DŽ7xᅠ៤ᇮ䳔Ԅㅫ˄ETC˅ᅠ៤ᯊԄㅫ˄EAC˅DŽ㾕ETCEAC㓪ࠊDŽ᳝݇ℸ⚍ˈᇚҹϟҟ㒡ⱘ乘⌟ᡔᴃЁᦣ䗄DŽ㓐ড়Փ⫼PVǃEVǃACؐ㛑㸵䞣ᶤϔ㒭ᅮᯊ䯈⚍ᰃ৺ᣝॳ䅵ߦᅠ៤њᎹDŽ᳔ᐌ⫼ⱘ⌟䞣ᣛᷛᰃ䌍⫼أᏂ˄CV˅䖯ᑺأᏂ˄SV˅DŽ⬅ѢᏆᅠ៤Ꮉ䞣ⱘࡴˈCVSVⱘأᏂؐ䱣ⴔ乍Ⳃ䖥ᅠᎹᯊ䍟ޣᇥDŽৃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁ乘ܜ䆒ᅮ䱣乍ⳂᳱᅠᎹᮍ䖯ሩ㗠ϡᮁޣᇥⱘৃফأᏂؐDŽx䌍⫼أᏂ˄CV˅DŽCVㄝѢᅲ⦄Ӌؐ˄EV˅ޣᅲ䰙䌍⫼˄AC˅DŽ乍ⳂシᎹⱘ䌍⫼أᏂᇚㄝѢᅠᎹ乘ㅫ˄BAC˅ᅲ䰙㢅䌍ϸ㗙П䯈ⱘᏂؐDŽ݀ᓣ˖CV=EV-AC x䖯ᑺأᏂ˄SV˅DŽSVㄝѢᅲ⦄Ӌؐ˄EV˅ޣ䅵ߦӋؐ˄PV˅DŽᔧ乍ⳂᅠᎹᯊˈЎ᠔᳝ⱘ䅵ߦӋؐ䛑Ꮖᅲ⦄ˈℸ䖯ᑺأᏂ᳔ৢㄝѢ䳊DŽ݀ᓣ˖SV=EV-PV CVSV㛑䕀࣪Ўডӏԩ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼䖯ᑺ㒽ᬜⱘᬜ⥛ᣛᷛDŽx䌍⫼㒽ᬜᣛ᭄˄CPI˅DŽCPIؐᇣѢ䳊㸼⼎䌍⫼䍙ߎ乘ㅫˈCPIؐѢ䳊㸼⼎䌍⫼ԢѢ乘ㅫDŽCPIㄝѢEVACⱘ↨ؐDŽCPIᰃ᳔ᐌ⫼ⱘ䌍⫼ᬜ⥛ᣛᷛDŽ݀ᓣ˖CPI=EV/AC ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 173
ϗゴ 乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚Cx㌃ࡴCPI˄CPI˅DŽᑓ⊯⫼ᴹ乘⌟乍ⳂᅠᎹ䌍⫼DŽㄝѢ䰊↉ᅲ⦄ӋؐⱘᘏCC˄EV˅䰸ऩ乍ᅲ䰙䌍⫼ⱘᘏ˄AC˅DŽCCC݀ᓣ˖CPI = EV/ ACx䖯ᑺ㒽ᬜᣛᷛ˄SPI˅DŽ䰸䖯ᑺ⢊ᗕ˄খⳟ㡖˅ˈSPI䖬乘⌟ᅠᎹ᮹ᳳDŽ᳝ᯊCPI㒧ড়Փ⫼ᴹ乘⌟乍ⳂᅠᎹԄㅫDŽSPIㄝѢEVPVⱘ↨ؐDŽ݀ᓣ˖SPI=EV/PV 7-7Փ⫼S᳆㒓ᴹডϔϾ乘ㅫ䍙ᬃ䖯ᑺ⒲ৢⱘ乍Ⳃⱘ㌃ࡴEVDŽᅠᎹ乘ㅫBACᅲ䰙៤ᴀAC䅵ߦӋؐPVؐEV᭄᮹ᳳᯊ䯈7-7˖㒽ᬜਞ˄ᔶᔶᓣ˅ᅲ⦄Ӌؐᡔᴃ㸼⦄ᔶᓣᓖˈᰃϔ⾡䗮⫼ⱘ㒽ᬜ⌟䞣ᮍ⊩DŽᅗᇚ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈǃ䌍⫼˄䌘⑤˅ǃ䖯ᑺᭈড়ϔ䍋ᴹᐂࡽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳䆘Ԅ乍Ⳃ㒽ᬜDŽ .3乘⌟ᡔᴃ乘⌟ᡔᴃࣙᣀ乘⌟ᔧᯊⱘᯊ䯈⚍ḍᏆⶹⱘֵᙃⶹ䆚ᇍ乍Ⳃᇚᴹⱘ⢊މߎԄㅫ乘⌟DŽḍ乍Ⳃᠻ㸠䖯ሩ䖛Ё㦋ᕫⱘᎹ㒽ᬜֵᙃ˄খⳟ㡖˅ᴹѻ⫳ǃᮄǃ䞡ᮄথᏗ乘⌟DŽᎹ㒽ᬜֵᙃᰃ݇Ѣ乍Ⳃⱘ䖛এ㒽ᬜᇚᴹ㛑ᕅડ乍Ⳃⱘֵᙃˈབᅠ៤ᯊԄㅫᅠ៤ᯊᇮ䳔ԄㅫDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1742004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA ㌃䅵Ӌؐ
ḍᅲ⦄Ӌؐᡔᴃ⍝ঞⱘখ᭄ˈࣙᣀBACǃℶⳂࠡЎℶⱘᅲ䰙䌍⫼C˄AC˅ǃ㌃ࡴCPICᬜ⥛ᣛᷛ䅵ㅫETCEACDŽBACㄝѢ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼǃᎹࣙࠊᏤⳂǃ݊ᅗWBS㒘ӊᅠ៤ᯊⱘᘏPVDŽ݀ᓣ˖BAC = ᅠᎹᯊⱘPVᘏԧ㌃䅵乘⌟ᡔᴃᐂࡽ䆘Ԅᅠ៤䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᎹ䞣Ꮉ䌍⫼ˈेEACDŽ乘⌟ᡔᴃৃᐂࡽއᅮETCˈᅗᰃᅠ៤ϔϾ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼǃᎹࣙࠊᏤⳂЁⱘ࠽ԭᎹ᠔䳔ⱘԄㅫDŽ㱑✊⫼ҹ⹂ᅮEACETCⱘᅲ⦄Ӌؐᡔᴃৃᅲ⦄㞾ࡼ࣪ᑊϨ䅵ㅫ䍋ᴹ䴲ᐌ⼲䗳ˈԚҡϡབ⬅乍Ⳃಶ䯳ࡼ乘⌟࠽ԭᎹⱘᅠ៤䌍⫼䙷ḋ᳝Ӌؐ䙷ḋ㊒⹂DŽѢᅲᮑ㒘㒛ᦤկⱘᅠᎹᇮ䳔Ԅㅫ䖯㸠ETC乘⌟ᡔᴃᰃ˖xѢᮄԄㅫ䅵ㅫETCDŽETCㄝѢ⬅ᅲᮑ㒘㒛⹂ᅮⱘׂᬍৢⱘ࠽ԭᎹԄㅫDŽ䆹ԄㅫᰃϔϾ⣀ゟⱘǃ≵᳝㒣䖛䅵ㅫⱘᇍѢ᠔᳝࠽ԭᎹⱘᅠ៤ᇮ䳔ԄㅫDŽ䆹Ԅㅫ㗗㰥њℶⳂࠡЎℶⱘ䌘⑤㒽ᬜ⫳ѻ⥛ˈᅗᰃ↨䕗㊒⹂ⱘ㓐ড়ԄㅫDŽ7ˈгৃ䗮䖛ᅲ⦄Ӌ᭄ؐᴹ䅵ㅫETCˈϸϾൟ݀ᓣབϟ˖xѢ䴲ൟⱘأᏂ䅵ㅫETCDŽབᵰᔧࠡⱘأᏂ㹿ⳟᰃ䴲ൟⱘˈᑊϨ乍Ⳃಶ䯳乘ᳳҹৢᇚϡӮথ⫳䖭⾡㉏ԐأᏂᯊˈ䖭⾡ᮍ⊩᳔㒣ᐌՓ⫼DŽCETCㄝѢBACޣএℶⳂࠡЎℶⱘ㌃ࡴᅲ⦄Ӌؐ˄EV˅DŽC݀ᓣ˖ETC=˄BAC - EV˅xѢൟⱘأᏂ䅵ㅫETCDŽབᵰᔧࠡⱘأᏂ㹿ⳟᰃৃҷ㸼ᗻᴹأᏂⱘCൟأᏂᯊˈ䖭⾡ᮍ⊩᳔㒣ᐌՓ⫼DŽETCㄝѢBACޣএ㌃ࡴEVৢ䰸ҹC㌃ࡴ䌍⫼㒽ᬜᣛ᭄˄CPI˅DŽCC݀ᓣ˖ETC˙˄BAC - EV˅/ CPIEACᰃḍ乍Ⳃ㒽ᬜ˄খⳟ㡖˅亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ˄খⳟ㡖˅⹂ᅮⱘ᳔ৃ㛑ⱘᘏԧԄㅫؐDŽEACᰃ᮶ᅮ乍ⳂᎹᅠ៤ᯊˈ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼǃWBS㒘ӊǃ乍Ⳃⱘ乘ᳳ乘㾕᳔㒜ᘏԄㅫDŽѢᅲᮑ㒘㒛ᦤկⱘᅠᎹԄㅫ䖯㸠ETC乘⌟ⱘϔ⾡ᡔᴃᰃ˖CxՓ⫼ᮄԄㅫᴹ䅵ㅫEACDŽEACㄝѢℶⳂࠡЎℶⱘᅲ䰙䌍⫼˄AC˅ࡴϞ⬅ᅲᮑ㒘㒛ᦤկⱘᮄETCDŽབᵰ䖛এⱘᠻ㸠ᚙމᰒ⼎ॳܜⱘԄㅫ؛䆒᳝ḍᴀᗻⱘ㔎䱋⬅Ѣᴵӊথ⫳ব࣪؛䆒ᴵӊϡݡ៤ゟᯊˈ䖭⾡ᮍ⊩᳔㒣ᐌՓ⫼DŽC݀ᓣ˖EAC=AC+ ETC ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 175
ϗゴ 乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚ϸϾ᳔ᐌ⫼ⱘՓ⫼ᅲ⦄Ӌؐ䅵ㅫEACⱘ乘⌟ᡔᴃᰃϟ䗄ϸ⾡ᡔᴃ݊ᶤ⾡বᔶ˖CxՓ⫼࠽ԭ乘ㅫ䅵ㅫEACDŽEACㄝѢACࡴϞᅠ៤࠽ԭᎹ᠔䳔ⱘ乘ㅫˈ㗠ᅠ៤࠽ԭᎹ᠔䳔ⱘ乘ㅫㄝѢᅠ៤ᯊ乘ㅫ˄BAC˅ޣএᅲ⦄Ӌؐ˄EV˅DŽབᵰᔧࠡⱘأᏂ㹿ⳟᰃ䴲ൟⱘˈᑊϨ乍Ⳃಶ䯳乘ᳳҹৢᇚϡӮথ⫳䖭⾡㉏ԐⱘأᏂᯊˈ䖭⾡ᮍ⊩᳔㒣ᐌՓ⫼DŽC݀ᓣ˖ETC=AC + BAC - EV CCxՓ⫼CPI䅵ㅫEACDŽEACㄝѢℶⳂࠡЎℶⱘᅲ䰙䌍⫼˄AC˅ࡴϞᅠ៤࠽ԭ乍ⳂᎹ᠔䳔ⱘ乘ㅫDŽᅠ៤࠽ԭ乍ⳂᎹ᠔䳔ⱘ乘ㅫㄝѢBACޣCএEVৢݡ⬅㒽ᬜ㋏᭄ׂℷ˄ϔ㠀ᰃCPI˅DŽ䖭⾡ᮍ⊩ᔧࠡⱘأᏂ㹿ⳟᰃৃҷ㸼ᴹأᏂⱘൟأᏂᯊ᳔ᐌ⫼DŽCC݀ᓣ˖EAC=AC + ˄˄BAC-EV˅/CPI˅ᇍϔϾ㒭ᅮⱘ乍Ⳃˈ䖭ѯᮍ⊩↣Ͼ䛑ᰃℷ⹂ⱘᮍ⊩ˈབ乘⌟EACϡৃফⱘ㣗ೈݙˈ߭ৃЎ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᦤկ乘䄺ֵোDŽ .4 乍Ⳃ㒽ᬜᅵᶹ㒽ᬜᅵᶹᣛ↨䕗ϔᅮᯊ䯈䰊↉ⱘ䌍⫼㒽ᬜǃ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᎹࣙ䍙ᬃԢѢ乘ㅫ˄䅵ߦӋؐ˅ⱘᚙމǃᑨᅠ៤䞠ǃᏆᅠ៤䞠ㄝDŽ㒽ᬜᅵᶹᰃВ㸠Ӯ䆂ᴹ䆘Ԅ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼǃᎹࣙǃ䌍⫼ᏤⳂ⢊ᗕ䖯ሩDŽᅗϔ㠀ϟ߫ϔ⾡⾡㒽ᬜ∛ᡔᴃ㒧ড়Փ⫼DŽxأᏂߚᵤDŽأᏂߚᵤᣛᇚ乍Ⳃᅲ䰙㒽ᬜϢ䅵ߦᳳᳯ㒽ᬜ䖯㸠↨䕗DŽ䌍⫼䖯ᑺأᏂᰃ᳔ᐌ㾕ⱘߚᵤ乚ඳˈԚ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈǃ䌘⑤ǃ䋼䞣亢䰽Ϣ䅵ߦⱘأᏂг᳝Ⳍৠⱘ䞡㽕ᗻDŽx䍟ߚᵤDŽ䍟ߚᵤᣛẔᶹϔᅮᯊ䯈䰊↉ⱘ乍Ⳃ㒽ᬜˈҹއᅮ㒽ᬜᰃ৺ᬍ䖯ᙊ࣪DŽxᅲ⦄ӋؐߚᵤDŽᅲ⦄Ӌؐᡔᴃᰃᇚ䅵ߦ㒽ᬜᅲ䰙ᅲᮑᚙމ䖯㸠↨䕗DŽ .5 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊˈབ䅵ㅫᴎᎹ㸼ˈ㒣ᐌ⫼ᴹⲥ⌟PVϢACⱘ݇㋏ˈᴹ乘⌟বأᏂⱘᕅડDŽ .6 أᏂㅵ⧚䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄খⳟ㡖˅ᦣ䗄њབԩᇍ䌍⫼أᏂ䖯㸠ㅵ⧚ˈབᇍЏ㽕㽕䯂乬䞛⫼ϡৠⱘᑨᇍᮑDŽᔧ᭄Ꮉᅠ៤ᯊˈأᏂⱘ᭄䞣䍟ѢޣᇥDŽ乍Ⳃ߱ᳳܕ䆌䕗ⱘأᏂˈ乍Ⳃ䖥ᅠ៤ᯊৃᇚПޣᇥDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1762004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
䌍⫼ࠊ˖៤ᵰ .1 䌍⫼Ԅㅫ˄ᮄ˅ׂᬍৢⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䌍⫼Ԅㅫᣛᇍ⫼Ѣ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䌍⫼䌘᭭᠔خⱘׂᬍDŽབ䳔㽕ˈ䳔䗮ⶹ䗖ᔧⱘ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙DŽׂᬍৢⱘ䌍⫼Ԅㅫৃ㛑㽕∖ᇍ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘ݊ᅗᮍ䴶䖯㸠䇗ᭈDŽ .2 䌍⫼ޚ˄ᮄ˅乘ㅫᮄᰃᇍᡍޚⱘ䌍⫼ޚ᠔ⱘবDŽ䖭ѯ᭄ؐϔ㠀ҙᅵᅮ䖯㸠乍Ⳃ㣗ೈবⱘᚙމϟᠡ䖯㸠ׂᬍDŽԚᶤѯᚙމϟˈ䌍⫼أᏂৃ㛑ᵕ݊Ϲ䞡ˈҹ㟇Ѣ䳔㽕ׂᬍ䌍⫼ޚˈᠡ㛑ᇍ㒽ᬜᦤկϔϾ⦄ᅲⱘ㸵䞣⸔DŽ .3 㒽ᬜ㸵䞣7ᇍWBS㒘ӊˈ⡍߿ᰃЎᎹࣙࠊᏤⳂ䅵ㅫⱘCVǃSVǃSPICPIؐᑨ䖯㸠䆄ᔩ䗮ⶹ˄খⳟ㡖˅߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙DŽ .4 乘⌟ᅠᎹк䴶䆄ᔩ䅵ㅫⱘEAC᭄ؐᅲᮑ㒘㒛ਞⱘEAC᭄ؐDŽᑊᇚ䖭Ͼ᭄ؐ䗮ⶹ˄খⳟ㡖˅߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙DŽк䴶䆄ᔩ䅵ㅫⱘETC᭄ؐˈ㗙ᰃ⬅ᅲᮑ㒘㒛ᦤկⱘⱘEAC᭄ؐˈᑊᇚ䖭Ͼ᭄ؐ䗮ⶹ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙DŽ .5 ব䇋∖䖯㸠乍Ⳃ㒽ᬜߚᵤˈᇚᇐ㟈䳔㽕ᇍ乍Ⳃϔѯᮍ䴶䖯㸠বDŽ⹂ᅮⱘবৃ㛑䳔㽕ࡴޣᇥ乘ㅫDŽব䇋∖˄খⳟ㡖˅ᰃ䗮䖛ᭈԧবࠊ䖛໘⧚ᅵᶹ˄খⳟ㡖˅DŽ .6 㤤ⱘ㑴ℷᮑ㑴ℷᮑᰃЎՓ乍Ⳃᇚᴹⱘ乘ᳳ㒽ᬜϢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦϔ㟈᠔䞛পⱘ᠔᳝㸠ࡼDŽ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚乚ඳⱘ㑴ℷᮑ㒣ᐌ⍝ঞ䇗ᭈ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ乘ㅫˈབˈ䞛প⡍⅞ⱘ㸠ࡼᴹᑇ㸵䌍⫼أᏂDŽ .7 㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅к䴶䆄ᔩপⱘᬭ䆁ˈҹ֓ᅗӀ៤Ў乍Ⳃᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘग़᭄ᑧⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽᬭ䆁প᭛ӊࣙᣀأᏂⱘḍᴀॳǃ㑴ℷᮑ䗝ᢽⱘॳϢձǃ݊ҪҢ䌍⫼ǃ䌘⑤ǃ䌘⑤⫳ѻࠊᮍ䴶পⱘᬭ䆁DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 177
ϗゴ 乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚ .8 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅䅵ߦ⌏ࡼǃᎹࣙǃ䅵ߦᎹࣙ䌍⫼Ԅㅫ˄খⳟ7ゴҟ㒡ᴤ᭭˅䌍⫼ޚ˄খⳟ㡖˅ǃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦǃ乍Ⳃ乘ㅫ᭛ӊ䛑ᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽᑨḍᅵᅮⱘ᠔᳝ᕅડ䖭ѯ᭛ӊⱘব䇋∖˄খⳟ㡖˅ᮄ䖭ѯ᭛ӊDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1782004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ܿゴ乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䖛ࣙᣀֱ䆕乍Ⳃ㛑⒵䎇ॳܜ㾘ᅮⱘ乍㽕∖᠔䳔㽕ⱘᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘ⌏ࡼˈेއᅮ䋼䞣ᮍ䩜ǃⳂᷛϢ䋷ӏⱘ᠔᳝⌏ࡼˈᑊ䗮䖛䇌བ䋼䞣㾘ߦǃ䋼䞣ֱ䆕ǃ䋼䞣ࠊǃ䋼䞣ᣕ㓁ᬍ䖯˄བ䗖⫼˅ㄝᮍ䩜ǃᑣ䖛ᅲ8ᮑ䋼䞣ԧ㋏DŽ8-1᠔⼎Ў乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䖛ⱘὖ䉠ˈ8-2᠔⼎ЎϞ䗄䖛ঞ݊䕧ܹǃ䕧ߎ݊ҪⳌ݇ⶹ䆚乚ඳ䖛ⱘ⌕DŽ乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䖛ࣙᣀϟሲ乍˖䋼䞣㾘ߦ–߸ᮁાѯ䋼䞣ᷛޚϢᴀ乍ⳂⳌ݇ˈᑊއᅮᑨབԩ䖒ࠄ䖭ѯ䋼䞣ᷛޚDŽᅲᮑ䋼䞣ֱ䆕–ᓔሩ㾘ߦ⹂ᅮⱘ㋏㒳ⱘ䋼䞣⌏ࡼˈ⹂ֱ乍Ⳃᅲᮑ⒵䎇㽕∖᠔䳔㽕ⱘ᠔᳝䖛DŽᅲᮑ䋼䞣ࠊ–ⲥ乍Ⳃⱘԧ㒧ᵰˈ߸ᮁᅗӀᰃ৺ヺড়Ⳍ݇䋼䞣ᷛޚˈᑊᡒߎ⍜䰸ϡড়㒽ᬜⱘᮍ⊩DŽϞ䗄䖛ϡҙᕐℸѸѦ⫼ˈ㗠Ϩ䖬Ϣ݊ᅗⶹ䆚乚ඳⱘ䖛ѸѦ⫼DŽḍ乍Ⳃ䳔㽕ˈ↣Ͼ䖛ৃ㛑⍝ঞϔϾϾϾҎ㗙䲚ԧ᠔ҬߎⱘࡾDŽ↣Ͼ䖛↣Ͼ乍ⳂЁ㟇ᇥߎ⦄ϔˈᑊৃ乍ⳂϔϾϾ䰊↉˄བᵰ乍ⳂߦߚЎ䰊↉˅Ёߎ⦄DŽ㱑✊ᴀゴЁˈ䖛㹿ᦣ䗄៤⬠㒓⋒␁ߚᯢⱘ⣀ゟ㒘៤䚼ߚˈԚᅲ䏉ЁˈᅗӀैৃ㛑Ѹ䫭䞡䗁ϢѸѦ⫼ˈ݊ԧᮍᓣᴀゴϡᢳ䆺䗄DŽ݇Ѣ䖛䯈ѸѦ⫼ⱘ䆺㒚䅼䆎ˈ䇋খⳟϝゴDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 179
ܿゴ 乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚ᴀ㡖ҟ㒡ⱘ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚ᴀᮍ⊩∖Ϣ䰙ᷛޚ࣪㒘㒛˄ISO˅ҟ㒡ⱘᮍ⊩ݐᆍDŽ䖭⾡ᑓНᮍ⊩䖬ᑨϢϔѯᢹ᳝ϧ᳝ᴗⱘ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩ˈ՟བ᠈ᯢǃᴅ݄ǃܟࢇᮃ↨݊ҪҎ᠔㤤ⱘᮍ⊩ˈঞᶤѯ䴲ϧ᳝ⱘᮍ⊩ˈ՟བܼ䴶䋼䞣ㅵ⧚˄TQM˅ǃ݁㽓Ḑ⥯ǃ༅ᬜᓣᕅડߚᵤǃ䆒䅵ᅵᶹǃᅶ᠋ໄ䷇ǃ䋼䞣䌍⫼˄COQ˅ᣕ㓁ᬍ䖯⊩ㄝˈֱᣕݐᆍDŽ乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚ᖙ乏㗗㰥乍Ⳃㅵ⧚乍Ⳃѻકϸᮍ䴶DŽ乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䗖⫼Ѣ᠔᳝乍Ⳃˈ㗠᮴䆎乍Ⳃᗻ䋼བԩˈѻક䋼䞣ᮑᡔᴃᰃԧ䩜ᇍ乍Ⳃ⫳ѻⱘԧ㉏ൟѻકDŽ՟བˈ䕃ӊѻકⱘ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩ᮑϡৠѢḌ⬉ॖⱘ䋼䞣ᮍ⊩ᮑˈ㗠乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩ᇍϸ㗙䛑䗖⫼DŽӏԩϔ⾡ᚙމϟˈা㽕ϸ㗙Пϔϡড়䋼䞣㽕∖ˈህӮ㒭ᶤϾ᠔᳝乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ᏺᴹϹ䞡ⱘ⍜ᵕৢᵰDŽ՟བ˖xЎ⒵䎇乒ᅶ㽕∖㗠䅽乍Ⳃಶ䯳䍙䋳㥋ᎹˈӮՓਬᎹ䑿ԧ⮆ᚿˈҎ᭄ޣਬˈ䗴៤⍜ᵕৢᵰDŽxЎ䍊乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺⳂᷛ㗠ࣚᖭᅠ៤᠔䅵ߦⱘ䋼䞣ẔᶹˈӮẔ偠⭣ⓣ㗠䗴៤⍜ᵕৢᵰDŽ䋼䞣ᰃĀݙ㋏߫⡍ᕕ⒵䎇㽕∖ⱘᑺā˄㕢䋼䞣णӮˈ2000˅DŽᯢ⹂䱤ⱘ䳔∖ᰃ乍Ⳃ䳔∖ᓔথⱘ䕧ܹDŽህ乍Ⳃ㗠㿔ˈ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚ⱘϔϾ݇䬂ᰃ䗮䖛߽ᆇⳌ݇㗙ߚᵤ˄㡖˅ˈᇚ߽ᆇⳌ݇㗙䳔∖ǃ䳔㽕䕀࣪Ў乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚Ёⱘ㽕∖DŽᑨ⊼ᛣϡ㽕ᡞ䋼䞣Ϣㄝ㑻⏋Ўϔ䇜DŽㄝ㑻ᰃĀᇍ᳝Ⳍৠࡳ㛑⡍ᕕˈԚᡔᴃ⡍ᕕᓖⱘᅲԧ᠔㾘ᅮⱘ㣗⭈㗙㑻߿āDŽ䋼䞣أԢ∌䖰ᰃϾ䯂乬ˈ㗠ㄝ㑻䕗Ԣ߭ϡ㾕ᕫᰃϾ䯂乬DŽ՟བˈᶤ䕃ӊѻક䋼䞣ৃҹᕜད˄᮴ᯢᰒⱘ㓪䫭䇃ˈ⫼᠋ݠᆍᯧ䇏ព˅ˈ㗠ㄝ㑻أԢ˄ࡳ㛑⡍ᕕ᳝䰤˅˗㗙䋼䞣أԢ˄䆌㓪䫭䇃ǃ⫼᠋᭛ӊᴖх᮴ゴ˅ˈ㗠ㄝ㑻⫮催˄᳝䆌ࡳ㛑⡍ᕕ˅DŽ⹂ᅮᑊѸҬ᠔㽕∖ⱘ䋼䞣Ϣㄝ㑻∈ޚЗᰃ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚Ϣ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ⱘ㘠䋷DŽ㊒⹂ᑺϢޚ⹂ᑺѺϡㄝৠDŽ㊒⹂ᑺ㋏ᣛ䞡⌟䞣ⱘ㒧ᵰਜ⦄㘮ড়㗠䴲⾏ᬷⱘϔ㟈ᑺDŽޚ⹂ᑺ㋏ᣛ⌟䞣ؐϢⳳᅲؐ䴲ᐌ䖥ⱘޚ⹂ᗻDŽ㊒⹂ϡϔᅮޚ⹂ˈޚ⹂ϡϔᅮ㊒⹂DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᖙ乏⹂ᅮ᠔䳔㽕ⱘ㊒⹂ᑺޚ⹂ᑺབԩDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1802004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
⦄ҷⱘ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚Ϣ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᰃⳌ䕙Ⳍ៤ⱘˈ՟བˈ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖭ϸ䮼ᄺ⾥䛑䅸䆚ࠄҹϟᮍ䴶ⱘ䞡㽕ᗻ˖x乒ᅶⱘ⒵ᛣᑺDŽ⧚㾷ǃ䆘ԄǃᅮНㅵ⧚乒ᅶⱘ䳔∖ˈҹ֓Ϣ乒ᅶⱘᳳᳯⳌヺ䖭ህ㽕∖᮶ヺড়㽕∖˄乍ⳂѸҬⱘѻક㽕ϢᅗᅷᏗᇚѸҬⱘѻકⳌヺ˅জ䗖ѢՓ⫼˄ѸҬⱘѻક᳡ࡵ㽕⒵䎇ᅲ䰙䳔∖˅DŽx乘䰆㚰ѢẔᶹDŽ䰆ᙷѢ✊ⱘҷӋᘏᰃᇣѢẔᶹ᠔থ⦄䫭䇃ⱘ㑴ℷҷӋDŽxㅵ⧚ሖⱘ䋷ӏDŽ៤ࡳ㽕∖乍Ⳃಶ䯳ܼԧ៤ਬⱘখϢˈ✊㗠ᦤկপᕫ៤ࡳ᠔䳔ⱘ䌘⑤ैҡ✊ᰃㅵ⧚ሖⱘ㘠䋷DŽxᣕ㓁ᬍ䖯DŽ䅵ߦ-ᅲᮑ-Ẕᶹ-㸠ࡼᕾ⦃ᰃ䋼䞣ᬍ䖯ⱘ⸔˄䆹ὖᗉ⬅Shewhartᦤߎˈ㒣᠈ᯢᅠˈ䆺㾕㕢䋼䞣णӮASQݠ3-14义ˈ1999˅DŽˈᅲᮑ㒘㒛䞛পⱘ䋼䞣ᬍ䖯Вˈ䇌བܼ䴶䋼䞣ㅵ⧚݁㽓Ḑ⥯ϡҙӮᬍ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䋼䞣㗠ϨгӮᬍ䖯乍Ⳃѻકⱘ䋼䞣DŽ䖛ᬍ䖯®SMൟࣙᣀMalcolm Baldrige˄偀ᇨ⾥ྚ·剡ᖋ䞠༛˅ǃCMMCMMIDŽ䋼䞣䌍⫼㋏ᣛϢ䋼䞣Ⳍ݇ⱘ᠔᳝ᡩܹⱘᘏԧ䌍⫼DŽ乍ⳂއㄪӮѻક䗔䋻ǃֱׂীಲㄝ㋴㗠ᕅડ䋼䞣ⱘ䖤㸠៤ᴀDŽ✊㗠ˈ乍ⳂⱘЈᯊᗻᛣੇⴔ8ᬍ䖯ѻકⱘ䋼䞣Ϟˈ⡍߿ᰃ㔎䱋ⱘ䰆ℶϢ䆘ԄϞˈ᠔䳔ⱘᡩ䌘ᕔᕔᰃ⬅ᅲᮑ㒘㒛ᡓᢙˈ㗠ϡᰃ乍Ⳃᴀ䑿DŽЎপᕫಲПࠡˈ乍Ⳃৃ㛑Ꮖ㒣ᮽህ㒧ᴳњDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 181
ܿゴ 乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚ ᅲᮑ䋼䞣ࠊ䋼䞣㾘ߦᅲᮑ䋼䞣ֱ䆕.1䕧ܹ.1䕧ܹ.1䕧ܹ.1ӕϮ⦃๗㋴.1䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2䋼䞣㸵䞣ᣛᷛ.2䋼䞣㸵䞣ᣛᷛ.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.3䖛ᬍ䖯䅵ߦ.3䋼䞣Ḍᇍ㸼.4乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4Ꮉ㒽ᬜֵᙃ.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.5ᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖.5Ꮉ㒽ᬜֵᙃ.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.6䋼䞣ࠊ䞣ᑺⱘ㒧ᵰ.6ᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖.1៤ᴀᬜⲞߚᵤ.7ᅲᮑⱘব䇋∖.7ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ.2ޚᇍ✻.8ᅲᮑⱘ㑴ℷᮑ.3ᅲ偠䆒䅵.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.9ᅲᮑⱘ㔎䱋ׂ⧚.4䋼䞣䌍⫼˄COQ˅.1ᵰ.10 ᅲᮑⱘ乘䰆ᗻ㸠ࡼ.5݊Ҫ䋼䞣㾘ߦᎹ.2ࠊ.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.3⌕.3䕧ߎ.1䋼䞣㾘ߦᎹϢᡔᴃ.4Ⳉᮍ.1䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2䋼䞣ᅵ䅵.5Ꮹ䳋ᠬ.2䋼䞣㸵䞣ᣛᷛ.3䖛ߚᵤ.6䍟.3䋼䞣Ḍᇍ㸼.4䋼䞣ࠊᎹᡔᴃ.7ᬷ⚍.4䖛ᬍ䖯䅵ߦ.8㒳䅵ᢑḋ.5䋼䞣ޚ.3䕧ߎ.9Ẕᶹ.6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.1䇋∖ⱘব.10 㔎䱋ׂ⧚ᅵᶹ.2㤤ⱘ㑴ℷᮑ.3㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.3䕧ߎ.4乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.1䋼䞣ࠊ䞣ᑺⱘ㒧ᵰ.2⹂䅸ⱘ㔎䱋ׂ⧚.3䋼䞣ޚ˄ᮄ˅.4㤤ⱘ㑴ℷᮑ.5㤤ⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼ.6䇋∖ⱘব.7㤤ⱘ㔎䱋ׂ⧚.8㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.9⹂䅸ⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰ.10乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅8-1˖乍Ⳃ៤ᴀㅵ⧚ὖ䉠®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1822004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ᬓᑰᷛޚǃ㾘߭ᣛᇐᮍ䩜ᓔথ乍ⳂଚϮ᭄ᑧ䋼䞣㾘ߦ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦㅵ⧚䅵ߦӕϮ⦃๗㋴() () 䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䋼䞣ᬓㄪˈᑣ䋼䞣ᷛޚᣛᇐᮍ䩜䋼䞣Ẕᶹऩ㒣偠ᬭ䆁䖛ᬍ䖯䅵ߦⶹ䆚⸔䋼䞣ޚ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻᡍޚⱘব䳔∖ᡍޚⱘ㑴ℷᮑᡍޚⱘ乘䰆ᮑ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅㣗ೈᅮН乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк() 䳔㽕ⱘব㤤ⱘ㑴ℷᮑᏆᠻ㸠ব䳔∖乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅Ꮖᠻ㸠㑴ℷᮑ8㒽ᬜ䋼䞣ֱ䆕Ꮖᠻ㸠䖛༅ׂℷᏆᠻ㸠乘䰆ᮑ() Ꮉ㒽ᬜֵᙃᡍޚⱘব䳔∖乍ⳂᅲᮑᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚4ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ()䋼䞣ࠊ⌟䞣䋼䞣ࠊ⌟䞣䋼䞣ޚ˄ᮄ˅㤤ⱘ㑴ℷᮑ㤤ⱘ䖛༅ׂℷ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ乍Ⳃᬊሒ˄ᮄ˅㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅᳝ᬜⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰᭈԧবࠊ() 㒽ᬜ䋼䞣ࠊ᳝ᬜⱘ䖛༅ׂℷ() () ᖙ㽕ⱘব⊼˖ᴀ㛑ড᠔᳝䖛П䯈ⱘѸѦ⫼ֵᙃ⌕ࡼ8-2˖乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䖛⌕䋼䞣㾘ߦ䋼䞣㾘ߦᣛ䆚߿ાѯ䋼䞣ᷛޚ䗖⫼Ѣᴀ乍Ⳃˈᑊ⹂ᅮབԩ⒵䎇䖭ѯᷛޚⱘ㽕∖DŽᅗᰃᅲᮑ㾘ߦ䖛㒘˄㡖˅ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ䅵ߦ˄㡖˅ᳳ䯈ⱘ㢹ᑆ݇䬂䖛ПϔˈℸᑨϢ݊ᅗ乍Ⳃ㾘ߦ䖛㒧ড়䖯㸠DŽ՟བˈЎњ䖒ࠄᏆ⹂䅸ⱘ䋼䞣ᷛޚˈᇍ乍Ⳃѻક᠔خবৃ㛑㽕∖ᇍ៤ᴀ䖯ᑺ䖯㸠䇗ᭈ˗㗙᠔㽕∖ⱘѻક䋼䞣ৃ㛑䳔㽕ᇍᶤ乍Ꮖ⹂䅸ⱘ䯂乬خ䆺㒚ⱘ亢䰽ߚᵤDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 183
ܿゴ 乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚ℸ໘䅼䆎ⱘ䋼䞣㾘ߦᡔᴃাᰃ乍ⳂЁ㒣ᐌՓ⫼ⱘᡔᴃDŽ䖬᳝䆌݊Ҫᡔᴃᶤѯ乍Ⳃ㗙ᶤѯᑨ⫼乚ඳৃ㛑कߚ᳝⫼DŽ⦄ҷ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚ⱘϔ乍ᴀޚ߭ᰃˈ䋼䞣ᰃ㾘ߦǃ䆒䅵ߎᴹⱘˈ㗠ϡᰃẔᶹߎᴹⱘDŽ䕧ܹᎹᡔᴃ䕧ߎ.1ӕϮ⦃๗㋴.1៤ᴀᬜⲞߚᵤ.1䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2ޚᇍ✻.2䋼䞣㸵䞣ᣛᷛ.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.3ᅲ偠䆒䅵.3䋼䞣Ḍᇍ㸼.4乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4䋼䞣៤ᴀ.4䖛ᬍ䖯䅵ߦ.5݊Ҫ䋼䞣㾘ߦᎹ.5䋼䞣ޚ.6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅8-3˖䋼䞣㾘ߦ˖䕧ܹǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ䕧ߎ 䋼䞣㾘ߦⱘ䕧ܹ .1 ӕϮ⦃๗㋴ Ϣᑨ⫼乚ඳԧⳌ݇ⱘᬓᑰ䚼䮼㾘ゴǃ㾘߭ǃᷛޚᣛᇐॳ߭ৃ㛑Ӯᇍ乍Ⳃ䗴៤ᕅડ˄㡖˅DŽ .2 㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ Ϣᑨ⫼乚ඳԧⳌ݇ⱘ㒘㒛䋼䞣ᮍ䩜ǃᑣᣛᇐॳ߭ǃग़᭄㒣偠ᬭ䆁ৃ㛑Ӯᇍ乍Ⳃ䗴៤ᕅડ˄˅DŽ䋼䞣ॳ߭ᰃĀ⬅᳔催ሖㅵ⧚䚼䮼ℷᓣ䯤ᯢⱘǃ㒘㒛݇Ѣ䋼䞣ⱘᘏⱘᠧㅫϢࡾᮍāDŽᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘ䋼䞣ॳ߭ᕔᕔৃҹॳᇕϡࡼഄ䞛㒇ᑊՓ⫼Ѣ乍ⳂПЁDŽԚᰃˈབᵰᅲᮑ㒘㒛≵᳝ℷᓣⱘ䋼䞣ॳ߭ˈ㗙乍Ⳃ⡉ᡃࠄϾᅲᮑ㒘㒛˄՟བড়䌘乍Ⳃ˅ˈ߭乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ህ䳔㽕Ў乍Ⳃࠊ䅶ϔϾ䋼䞣ॳ߭DŽϡㅵ䋼䞣ॳ߭ᴹ⑤བԩˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᖙ乏ֱ䆕乍Ⳃⱘ᠔᳝߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ܼ䚼ⶹᰧℸ乍ॳ߭˄՟བˈ䗮䖛㡖᠔ᦣ䗄ⱘ䗖ᔧֵᙃߚথ↉˅DŽ .3 㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк 㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˄খⳟ㡖˅ᰃ䋼䞣㾘ߦⱘϔ乍݇䬂䕧ܹˈЎᅗ䆄䕑њ乍ⳂⱘЏ㽕ৃѸҬ៤ᵰˈҹঞ⫼Ѣ⹂ᅮ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙Џ㽕㽕∖˄ᴹ⑤Ѣ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ䳔∖ǃᏠᳯᳳᳯ˅ⱘ乍ⳂⳂᷛǃ䰤ؐ偠ᬊᷛޚDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1842004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
䰤ؐᰃᣛ⫼খ᭄ᣛᷛⱘ䌍⫼ǃᯊ䯈䌘⑤䰤ؐDŽৃЎ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚܹ߫݊ЁDŽབᵰ䍙䖛䖭ѯ䰤ؐˈ߭䳔㽕乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳䞛পᮑDŽ偠ᬊᷛޚࣙᣀফ乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰПࠡᖙ乏⒵䎇ⱘᗻ㛑㽕∖ᴀᴵӊDŽ偠ᬊᷛޚⱘ⬠ᅮৃ䰡Ԣࡴ乍Ⳃ䋼䞣䌍⫼DŽབᵰৃѸҬ៤ᵰ⒵䎇᠔᳝偠ᬊᷛޚˈ߭ᛣੇⴔᅶ᠋䳔∖ᕫҹ⒵䎇DŽℷᓣ偠ᬊ˄㡖˅ᮼ⹂䅸偠ᬊᷛޚᏆ㒣ᕫҹ⒵䎇DŽѻકᦣ䗄ⱘϔѯݙᆍ˄খⳟ㡖˅Ꮖԧ⦄㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкПЁˈ݊ݙᕔᕔࣙᣀৃ㛑ᕅડ䋼䞣㾘ߦⱘϔѯᡔᴃ䯂乬ҹঞ݊Ҫ䯂乬ⱘ㒚㡖DŽ.4乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦԧ㾕㡖DŽ䋼䞣㾘ߦⱘᎹϢᡔᴃ.1៤ᴀᬜⲞߚᵤ8䋼䞣㾘ߦ䖛ᖙ乏㗗㰥៤ᴀϢᬜⲞϸ㗙䯈ⱘপ㟡ᴗ㸵DŽヺড়䋼䞣㽕∖᠔ᏺᴹⱘЏ㽕ᬜⲞᰃޣᇥ䖨Ꮉˈᅗᛣੇⴔࢇࡼ⫳ѻ⥛ᦤ催ˈ៤ᴀ䰡Ԣˈ߽ᆇⳌ݇㗙ࡴ⒵ᛣDŽЎ䖒ࠄ䋼䞣㽕∖᠔ҬߎⱘЏ㽕៤ᴀᰃᓔሩ乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚⌏ࡼⱘᓔᬃDŽ.2ޚᇍ✻ޚᇍ✻ᣛ䗮䖛ᇚ乍Ⳃⱘᅲ䰙خ⊩䅵ߦخ⊩Ϣ݊ᅗ乍Ⳃⱘخ⊩䖯㸠ᇍ✻ˈѻ⫳ᬍ䖯ⱘᮍ⊩ˈ㗙ᦤկϔ༫ᑺ䞣㒽ᬜⱘᷛޚDŽ݊ᅗ乍Ⳃ᮶ৃᅲᮑ㒘㒛ݙ䚼ˈгৃ݊䚼˗᮶ৃৠϔᑨ⫼乚ඳˈгৃ݊ᅗ乚ඳݙDŽ.3ᅲ偠䆒䅵ᅲ偠䆒䅵ᰃᐂࡽ⹂ᅮѻકᓔথ⫳ѻЁાѯ㋴㛑ᕅડѻક䖛⡍ᅮব䞣ⱘϔ⾡㒳䅵ᮍ⊩DŽ㗠Ϩѻક䖛Ӭ࣪Ёг䍋ࠄϔᅮ⫼DŽ՟བˈ㒘㒛ৃҹ䗮䖛ᅲ偠䆒䅵䰡Ԣѻકᗻ㛑ᇍ⦃๗ࠊ䗴বࡼ㋴ⱘ♉ᬣᑺDŽ䆹乍ᡔᴃ᳔䞡㽕ⱘ⡍ᕕᰃˈᅗᦤկњϔϾ㒳䅵Ḛᶊˈৃҹ㋏㒳ഄᬍব᠔᳝䞡㽕㋴ˈ㗠ϡᰃ↣াᬍবϔϾ䞡㽕㽕㋴DŽ䗮䖛ᇍᅲ偠᭄ⱘߚᵤˈৃҹᕫߎѻક䖛ⱘ᳔Ӭ⢊ᗕǃⴔ䞡ᣛᯢ㒧ᵰⱘᕅડ㋴ᑊᧁ⼎㽕㋴П䯈ⱘѸѦ⫼णৠ⫼݇㋏DŽ՟བ˖≑䔺䆒䅵Ҏਬৃ㛑Ꮰᳯ⹂ᅮ ᶊޣ䳛ᔍㇻϢ䕂㚢བԩᨁ䜡ˈᠡ㛑ҹড়⧚ⱘ៤ᴀপᕫ᳔ᑇ〇ⱘ㸠偊ᗻ㛑DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 185
ܿゴ 乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚.4䋼䞣䌍⫼䋼䞣䌍⫼㋏ᣛЎ䙓ܡϡヺড়㽕∖ǃ䆘Ԅѻક᳡ࡵᰃ৺ヺড়㽕∖ঞѻક᳡ࡵϡヺড়㽕∖˄䖨Ꮉ˅থ⫳ⱘ᠔᳝䌍⫼DŽ༅䋹៤ᴀѺ㹿⿄䋼䞣Ԣࡷ៤ᴀˈ䗮ᐌ㹿ߚЎݙ䚼䚼៤ᴀDŽ.5݊Ҫ䋼䞣㾘ߦᎹ䗮ᐌˈгՓ⫼݊ᅗ䋼䞣㾘ߦᎹˈᐂࡽདഄ⬠ᅮᚙމᑊ᳝ࡽѢ᳝ᬜⱘ㾘ߦ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚⌏ࡼDŽ䖭ѯᎹࣙᣀ䲚ᗱᑓⲞǃ݇㋏ǃഎߚᵤǃৡН㒘ᡔᴃǃഫǃ⌕Ӭܜᥦᑣⶽ䰉ㄝDŽ 䋼䞣㾘ߦⱘ䕧ߎ.1䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦᑨᔧ䇈ᯢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᇚབԩᠻ㸠ᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘ䋼䞣ᮍ䩜DŽ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㡖˅ⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚҢሲ䅵ߦDŽ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦЎᭈԧ乍Ⳃ䅵ߦᦤկ䕧ܹˈᑊϨᖙ乏㗗㰥乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ࠊ˄QC˅ǃ䋼䞣ֱ䆕˄QA˅䖛ᣕ㓁ᬍ䖯䯂乬DŽ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦৃҹᰃℷᓣⱘˈгৃҹᰃ䴲ℷᓣⱘ˗ৃҹ䴲ᐌ䆺㒚ˈгৃҹकߚὖᣀˈ乍Ⳃⱘ㽕∖㗠ᓖDŽ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦᑨ⎉Ⲫ乍Ⳃࠡᳳⱘ䋼䞣Ꮉˈҹ⹂ֱܜᳳއㄪ˄՟བˈὖᗉˈ䆒䅵䆩偠˅ℷ⹂᮴䇃DŽ䖭ѯ䋼䞣Ꮉᑨ䗮䖛ৠџ⣀ゟᅵᶹᮍᓣ䖯㸠ˈԧᎹᅲᮑҎϡᕫখࡴDŽ䖭⾡ᅵᶹৃ䰡Ԣ៤ᴀᑊޣᇥЎ䖨Ꮉ䗴៤ⱘ䖯ᑺᓊ䖳DŽ.2䋼䞣㸵䞣ᣛᷛ䋼䞣㸵䞣ᣛᷛ㋏ᣛϔ乍ᎹᅮНˈԧᦣ䗄ϔӊϰ㽓ᰃҔМˈҹঞབԩҹ䋼䞣ࠊ䖛ᇍ݊䖯㸠ᑺ䞣DŽ⌟䞣ؐ㋏ᣛᅲ䰙ؐDŽ՟བˈাᦤࠄᣝ䅵ߦ䖯ᑺ㾘ᅮ᮹ᳳᅠ៤ᰃ㸵䞣乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䋼䞣ⱘᷛޚᰃϡⱘDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳䖬ᖙ乏Ѹҷ⏙Ἦ乍⌏ࡼᰃ㽕∖ᣝᯊᓔྟਸ਼ˈ䖬ᰃা㽕∖ᣝᯊᅠ៤˗ᰃ㽕∖⌟䞣↣Ͼऩ乍⌏ࡼਸ਼ˈ䖬ᰃা㽕∖⌟䞣ᶤѯৃѸҬ៤ᵰ˗བᵰᰃৢ㗙ˈজᰃાѯৃѸҬ៤ᵰDŽ䋼䞣ֱ䆕䋼䞣ࠊ䖛䛑ᇚ⫼ࠄ䋼䞣㸵䞣ᣛᷛDŽВ՟ᴹ䇈ˈ䋼䞣㸵䞣ᣛᷛৃҹᰃ㔎䱋ᆚᑺǃᬙ䱰⥛ǃৃ⫼ᗻǃৃ䴴ᗻ䆩偠㣗ೈㄝDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1862004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.3䋼䞣Ḍᇍ㸼䋼䞣Ḍᇍ㸼ᰃϔ⾡㒧ᵘᗻᎹˈ䗮ᐌџ乍㗠ᓖˈ⫼ѢḌᅲ᠔㽕∖䖯㸠ⱘϾℹ偸ᰃ৺Ꮖ㒣ᅠ៤DŽḌᇍ㸼ৃㅔৃ㐕DŽḌᇍ㸼᠔⫼䕲䗮ᐌᰃ⼜Փহ˄Āخᶤӊџʽā˅㗙⭥䯂হ˄Āᶤӊџᅠ៤њ৫˛ā˅DŽ䆌㒘㒛䛑᳝ᷛޚⱘḌᇍ㸼ˈҹֱ䆕㒣ᐌᗻӏࡵḐᓣֱᣕϔ㟈DŽᶤѯᑨ⫼乚ඳˈḌᇍ㸼ৃҢϧϮणӮଚϮᗻ᳡ࡵᴎᵘ㋶পDŽ䋼䞣ࠊ䖛ᇚ⫼ࠄ䋼䞣Ḍᇍ㸼.4䖛ᬍ䖯䅵ߦ䖛ᬍ䖯䅵ߦᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘҢሲݙᆍ˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ䖛ᬍ䖯䅵ߦᇚ䆺㒚䇈ᯢ䖛ߚᵤⱘԧℹ偸ˈҹ֓Ѣ⹂ᅮ⌾䌍䴲ؐ⌏ࡼˈ䖯㗠ᦤ催ᅶ᠋Ӌؐˈ՟བ˖x䖛䖍⬠˖ᦣ䗄䖛Ⳃⱘǃ䍋ྟ㒜㒧ˈ݊䕧ܹ䕧ߎǃ᠔䳔ֵᙃ˄བ䳔㽕˅ˈҹঞᴀ䖛ⱘ䋳䋷Ҏ߽ᆇ݇㋏ᮍ˗x䖛䜡㕂˖䖛⌕ˈҹ֓Ѣষ⬠䴶ߚᵤ˗x䖛㸵䞣ᣛᷛ˖ᇍ䖛⢊ᗕ䖯㸠ࠊ˗8x㒽ᬜᬍ䖯Ⳃᷛ˖ᣛᇐ䖛ᬍ䖯⌏ࡼDŽ.5䋼䞣ޚ䋼䞣ޚ䆄ᔩњ乍Ⳃⱘ䋼䞣Ⳃᷛˈᰃ㒽ᬜ㸵䞣ޚⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚˈৃ⫼Ѣℸ㸵䞣∛䋼䞣㒽ᬜDŽ.6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦᮄ㋏ᣛ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁ㒇ܹҢሲⱘ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䖛ᬍ䖯䅵ߦ˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ䗮䖛ᭈԧবࠊ䖛˄খ㾕㡖˅ᇍ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘব䳔∖ঞ݊Ңሲ䅵ߦব˄ׂᬍǃ⏏ߴ䰸˅䖯㸠ᅵᶹ໘⧚DŽ䋼䞣ֱ䆕䋼䞣ֱ䆕ᣛ䗮䖛ᅲᮑ䅵ߦЁⱘ㋏㒳䋼䞣⌏ࡼˈ⹂ֱ乍Ⳃᅲᮑ⒵䎇㽕∖᠔䳔ⱘ᠔᳝䖛DŽ䋼䞣ֱ䆕ᕔᕔ⬅䋼䞣ֱ䆕䚼㒘㒛ЁϢℸৡ⿄ⳌԐⱘऩԡᦤկDŽ᮴䆎݊ৡ⿄བԩˈ䋼䞣ֱ䆕ᬃᣕৃ䗖⫼Ѣ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ǃᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘㅵ⧚ሖǃᅶ᠋থ䍋Ҏҹঞ䴲⿃ᵕখϢ乍ⳂᎹⱘ݊ᅗ߽ᆇ݇㋏ᮍDŽ䋼䞣ֱ䆕гЎϔ乍䞡㽕䋼䞣⌏ࡼˈे˖䖛ᣕ㓁ᬍ䖯⌏ࡼˈᦤկᬃᣕDŽ䖛ᣕ㓁ᬍ䖯ᰃᅲ⦄䖛䋼䞣ᬍ䖯ⱘ䗁ࡴ䖛DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 187
ܿゴ 乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䖛ᣕ㓁ᬍ䖯ৃ䰡Ԣ⌾䌍ˈᑊޣᇥ᮴Ӌؐⱘ⌏ࡼˈ䖯㗠ᦤ催䖛ⱘᬜ⥛ᬜDŽ䖛ᬍ䖯ⱘ⡍⚍Ѣᅗгᇍ㒘㒛Ϯࡵ䖛䖯㸠䆚߿ᅵᶹDŽ䖛ᣕ㓁ᬍ䖯гৃ⫼Ѣ㒘㒛ⱘ݊ᅗ䖛ˈҢᖂ㾖䖛˄՟བ˖䕃ӊᑣЁϔϾഫⱘ㓪ⷕ˅㟇ᅣ㾖䖛˄՟བ˖ᮄᏖഎⱘᓔᢧ˅䛑⎉Ⲫ݊ЁDŽ䕧ܹᎹϢᡔᴃ䕧ߎ.1䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1䋼䞣㾘ߦⱘᎹϢᡔᴃ.1䇋∖ⱘব.2䋼䞣㸵䞣ᣛᷛ.2䋼䞣ᅵ䅵.2㤤ⱘ㑴ℷᮑ.3䖛ᬍ䖯䅵ߦ.3䖛ߚᵤ.3㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.4Ꮉ㒽ᬜֵᙃ.4䋼䞣ࠊᎹᡔᴃ.4乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.5ᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖.6䋼䞣ࠊ䞣ᑺⱘ㒧ᵰ.7ᅲᮑⱘব䇋∖.8ᅲᮑⱘ㑴ℷᮑ.9ᅲᮑⱘ㔎䱋ׂ⧚.10 ᅲᮑⱘ乘䰆ᗻ㸠ࡼ8-4˖ᅲᮑ䋼䞣ֱ䆕˖䕧ܹǃᎹᡔᴃǃ䕧ߎᅲᮑ䋼䞣ֱ䆕˖䕧ܹ.1䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䇈ᯢ乍ⳂЁᇚབԩᅲᮑ䋼䞣ֱ䆕˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ.2䋼䞣㸵䞣ᣛᷛখ㾕㡖.3䖛ᬍ䖯䅵ߦখ㾕㡖DŽ.4Ꮉ㒽ᬜֵᙃᎹ㒽ᬜֵᙃ˄খ㾕㡖ˈࣙᣀᡔᴃᗻ㛑ؐǃ乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰ⢊ᗕǃ䳔㽕ⱘ㑴ℷᮑǃ㒽ᬜਞ˅ᰃ䋼䞣ֱ䆕ⱘ䞡㽕䕧ܹݙᆍˈৃ⫼Ѣ䋼䞣ᅵ䅵ǃ䋼䞣ᅵᶹ䖛ߚᵤㄝDŽ.5ᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖ᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖˄খ㾕㡖˅ৃࣙᣀᎹᮍ⊩ǃѻક㽕∖ǃ䋼䞣㽕∖ǃ㣗ೈ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦⱘׂᬍDŽ䳔㽕ᇍᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖䖯㸠ߚᵤˈߚᵤ݊ᇍ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦǃ䋼䞣㸵䞣ᣛᷛ䋼䞣Ḍᇍ㸼ⱘᕅડDŽᅵᅮⱘবᰃ䋼䞣ֱ䆕䖛ⱘ䞡㽕䕧ֵܹᙃˈৃ⫼Ѣ䋼䞣ᅵ䅵ǃ䋼䞣ᅵḌ䖛ߚᵤㄝDŽ᠔᳝ব䛑ᑨҹк䴶ᔶᓣќҹℷᓣ䆄ᔩˈষ༈䅼䆎Ԛᔶ៤᭛ᄫ䆄ᔩⱘবˈϡᕫ䖯㸠໘⧚ᅲᮑDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1882004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.6䋼䞣ࠊ䞣ᑺ㒧ᵰ䋼䞣ࠊ䞣ᑺ㒧ᵰ˄খࡴ˅㋏ᣛ䋼䞣ࠊ⌏ࡼⱘ㒧ᵰˈᇚ㒧ᵰ䕧ܹ䋼䞣ֱ䆕䖛ˈ⫼ҹߚᵤᑊ䞡ᮄ䆘Ԅᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘ䋼䞣ᷛޚ䖛DŽ.7ᅲᮑⱘব䇋∖খ㾕㡖DŽ.8ᅲᮑⱘ㑴ℷᮑখ㾕㡖DŽ.9ᅲᮑⱘ㔎䱋ׂ⧚খ㾕㡖DŽ.10ᅲᮑⱘ㔎䱋ׂ⧚খ㾕㡖DŽᅲᮑ䋼䞣ֱ䆕˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1䋼䞣㾘ߦⱘᎹϢᡔᴃDŽ㡖Ёᦣ䗄ⱘ䋼䞣㾘ߦᎹϢᡔᴃг䗖⫼Ѣ䋼䞣ֱ䆕⌏ࡼDŽ.2䋼䞣ᅵ䅵䋼䞣ᅵ䅵ᣛ䖯㸠㋏㒳ⱘ⣀ゟᅵᶹˈ⹂ᅮ乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼᰃ৺ヺড়㒘㒛乍Ⳃᬓㄪǃ䖛ᑣDŽ䋼䞣ᅵ䅵ⱘⳂᷛѢ䆚߿乍ⳂЁՓ⫼ⱘ䙷ѯԢᬜ⥛Ԣᬜⱘᬓㄪǃ䖛ᑣDŽ䱣ৢህℸ䞛পⱘ㑴ℷᮑᇚ䰡Ԣ䋼䞣䌍⫼ˈᦤկᅲᮑ㒘㒛ݙᅶ᠋থ䍋Ҏ偠ᬊѻક᳡ࡵⱘ↨⥛DŽ䋼䞣ᅵ䅵ৃҹџܜᅝᥦˈгৃҹ䱣ᴎ䖯㸠˗ৃҹ⬅㒘㒛ݙ㒣䖛ᙄᔧ䆁ⱘᅵ䅵Ҏਬˈгৃҹ⬅ϝᮍ䖯㸠DŽ䋼䞣ᅵ䅵⫼ҹ⹂䅸Ꮖᅲᮑᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖ǃ㑴ℷᮑǃ㔎䱋ׂ⧚㑴ℷᗻ㸠ࡼDŽ.3䖛ߚᵤ䖛ߚᵤ㋏ᣛᣝ✻䖛ᬍ䖯䅵ߦЁ߫ᯢⱘℹ偸ˈҢ㒘㒛ᡔᴃ㾦ᑺ䆚߿᠔䳔ⱘᬍ䖯DŽ݊Ёˈгࣙᣀᇍ䘛ࠄⱘ䯂乬ǃ㑺ᴳᴵӊ᮴Ӌؐ⌏ࡼ䖯㸠ẔᶹDŽ䖛ߚᵤࣙᣀḍ⑤ߚᵤˈे˖ߚᵤ䯂乬ˋᚙމˈ⹂ᅮ֗៤䆹䯂乬ˋᚙމѻ⫳ⱘḍᴀॳˈᑊЎ㉏Ԑ䯂乬ࠊᅮ㑴ℷᗻ㸠ࡼDŽ .4䋼䞣ࠊᎹᡔᴃখ㾕㡖DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 189
ܿゴ 乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚ᅲᮑ䋼䞣ֱ䆕˖䕧ߎ.1䇋∖ⱘব䋼䞣ᬍ䖯ࣙᣀ䞛পᮑᦤ催ᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘ䋼䞣ᬓㄪǃ䖛ᑣⱘᬜ⥛ᬜˈӮЎ᠔᳝乍Ⳃ߽ᆇⳌ݇㗙ᏺᴹؐ˄㡖˅DŽ.2㤤ⱘ㑴ℷᮑ䋼䞣ᬍ䖯ࣙᣀ㤤㸠ࡼˈᦤ催ᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘᬜ⥛ᬜDŽ㑴ℷᗻ㸠ࡼ㋏ᣛ䖯㸠䋼䞣ֱ䆕⌏ࡼ˄՟བˈᅵ䅵ߚᵤ䖛˅ৢゟे㤤ⱘ㸠ࡼDŽ.3㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅ᮄৢⱘ䋼䞣ᷛޚЎᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘ䋼䞣䖛ᷛޚ⒵䎇㽕∖ⱘᬜ⥛ᬜⱘᚙމ䖯㸠偠䆕DŽᅲᮑ䋼䞣ࠊ䖛˄খ㾕㡖˅Ёᇚ⫼ࠄ䋼䞣ᷛޚDŽ.4乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄খ㾕㡖˅ᇚḍᅲᮑ䋼䞣ֱ䆕䖛ѻ⫳ⱘ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦব䖯㸠ᮄDŽ䖭ѯᮄࣙᣀ㒇ܹᏆ㒣ᅠ៤䖛ᣕ㓁ᬍ䖯ᕾ⦃䳔Ң༈ᓔྟⱘ䖛ҹঞᏆ䆚߿ǃ⹂ᅮᑊޚህ㒾᳝ᕙᅲᮑⱘ䖛ᬍ䖯DŽ⬇䇋ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦঞ݊Ңሲ䅵ߦⱘব˄ׂᬍǃ⏏ߴ䰸˅䗮䖛㡖ⱘᭈԧবࠊ䖛䖯㸠ᅵᶹ໘⧚DŽᅲᮑ䋼䞣ࠊ䋼䞣ࠊᣛⲥ㾚乍Ⳃⱘԧ㒧ᵰˈ⹂ᅮ݊ᰃ৺ヺড়Ⳍ݇ⱘ䋼䞣ᷛޚˈᑊ߸ᮁབԩᴰ㒱䗴៤ϡড়Ḑ㒧ᵰⱘḍ⑤DŽ䋼䞣ࠊᑨ䌃こѢ乍Ⳃⱘྟ㒜DŽ䋼䞣ᷛޚ⎉Ⲫ乍Ⳃ䖛ѻકⳂᷛDŽ乍Ⳃ㒧ᵰ᮶ࣙᣀৃѸҬ៤ᵰ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㒧ᵰˈ՟བˈ៤ᴀϢ䖯ᑺ㒽ᬜDŽ䋼䞣ࠊ䗮ᐌ⬅ᴎᵘЁⱘ䋼䞣ࠊ䚼ৡ⿄ⳌԐⱘ䚼䮼ᅲᮑDŽ䋼䞣ࠊৃᣛ䞛পᮑᴰ㒱ϡ㡃乍Ⳃ㒽ᬜѻ⫳ⱘॳDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᑨᔧ݇Ѣ䋼䞣ࠊⱘᖙ㽕㒳䅵ⶹ䆚ˈᇸ݊ᰃ݇ѢᢑḋϢὖ⥛ⱘⶹ䆚ˈҹ֓䆘Ԅ䋼䞣ࠊⱘ䕧ߎDŽ݊Ёˈ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᇸ݊ᑨ⊼ᛣᓘ⏙ҹϟџ乍П䯈ⱘऎ߿˖®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1902004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
x乘䰆˄ֱ䆕䖛Ёϡߎ⦄䫭䇃˅ϢẔᶹ˄ֱ䆕䫭䇃ϡ㨑ࠄ乒ᅶЁ˅DŽxሲᗻᢑḋ˄㒧ᵰড়Ḑˈϡড়Ḑ˅Ϣব䞣ᢑḋ˄㸵䞣ヺড়ˋড়Ḑᑺ˅DŽx⡍⅞ॳ˄ᓖᐌџӊ˅Ϣ䱣ᴎॳ˄ℷᐌ䖛Ꮒᓖ˅DŽxܕᏂ˄ܕᏂ㣗ೈݙⱘ㒧ᵰৃҹফ˅Ϣࠊ㣗ೈ˄㒧ᵰࠊ㣗ೈПݙˈ߭䖛໘ѢࠊПЁ˅DŽ䕧ܹᎹϢᡔᴃ䕧ߎ.1䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1ᵰ.1䋼䞣ࠊ䞣ᑺⱘ㒧ᵰ.2䋼䞣㸵䞣ᣛᷛ.2ࠊ.2㒣偠䆕ⱘ㔎䱋ׂ⧚.3䋼䞣Ḍᇍ㸼.3⌕.3䋼䞣ޚ˄ᮄ˅.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.4Ⳉᮍ.4㤤ⱘ㑴ℷᮑ.5Ꮉ㒽ᬜֵᙃ.5Ꮹ㌃ᠬ.5㤤ⱘ乘䰆ᗻ㸠ࡼ.6ᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖.6䍟.6䇋∖ⱘব.7ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ.7ᬷ⚍.7㤤ⱘ㔎䱋ׂ⧚.8㒳䅵ᢑḋ.8㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.9Ẕ偠.9偠䆕ⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰ.10 㔎䱋ׂ⧚ᅵᶹ.10 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅88-5˖ᅲᮑ䋼䞣ࠊ˖䕧ܹǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ䕧ߎᅲᮑ䋼䞣ࠊ˖䕧ܹ.1䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦখ㾕㡖DŽ.2䋼䞣㸵䞣ᣛᷛখ㾕㡖DŽ.3䋼䞣Ḍᇍ㸼খ㾕㡖DŽ.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻখ㾕㡖DŽ.5Ꮉ㒽ᬜֵᙃᎹ㒽ᬜֵᙃ˄খ㾕㡖ˈࣙᣀᡔᴃᗻ㛑ؐǃ乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰ⢊ᗕǃ䳔㽕ⱘ㑴ℷᮑǃ㒽ᬜਞ˅ᰃ䋼䞣ࠊⱘ䞡㽕䕧ܹݙᆍˈৃ⫼Ѣ䋼䞣ᅵ䅵ǃ䋼䞣ᅵᶹ䖛ߚᵤㄝDŽ᳝݇䅵ߦ乘ᳳ㒧ᵰⱘ䌘᭭˄প㞾乍Ⳃ䅵ߦ˅ᑨϢ᳝݇ᅲ䰙㒧ᵰⱘ䌘᭭ৠᯊᦤկDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 191
ܿゴ 乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚.6ᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖ᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖˄খ㾕㡖˅ৃ⎉Ⲫ䇌བᎹᮍ⊩䖯ᑺ䅵ߦㄝⱘׂ䅶DŽ䳔㽕ᇍᅵᅮবⱘℷ⹂ঞᯊᅲᮑᚙމ䖯㸠偠䆕DŽ.7ৃѸҬ៤ᵰখ㾕㡖DŽᅲᮑ䋼䞣ࠊ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ䋼䞣ࠊᎹϢᡔᴃⱘࠡϗ乍Ꮉᡔᴃ㹿䁝Ў䋼䞣ϗᎹDŽ.1ᵰᵰজিᎱ剐偼ˈᅗⳈ㾖ഄᰒ⼎ߎ乍㋴བԩӮϢ⾡┰䯂乬㒧ᵰ㘨㋏䍋ᴹDŽ8-6᠔⼎Ўϔᓴὖᣀ࣪ⱘᵰDŽᮍ⊩ᯊ䯈ᴎ఼ᴤ᭭㔎䱋㛑⑤⌟䞣Ҏਬ⦃๗㒧ᵰ┰ॳ8-6˖ᵰ .2ࠊࠊᮼ⹂ᅮϔϾ䖛ᰃ৺〇ᅮǃᰃ৺᳝ৃ乘⌟ⱘ㒽ᬜ㒧ᵰDŽࠊгৃЎ᭄ᬊ䲚Ꮉˈ㸼ᯢ䖛ԩᯊফ⡍⅞ॳᕅડ㗠Փ䖛༅DŽৠᯊгৃҹডϔϾ䖛䱣ⴔᯊ䯈⿏㗠ԧ⦄ⱘ㾘ᕟDŽ䖭ᵘ៤њ䖛ব䞣П䯈ѸѦ⫼ⱘᔶ㸼⦄ᔶᓣˈৃ׳ℸᕫߎ䯂乬ⱘㄨḜ˖䖛ব䞣ᰃ৺ৃফⱘ㣗ೈݙ˛䗮䖛ᇍࠊ᭄⚍㾘ᕟⱘẔᶹˈৃҹᧁ⼎⊶ࡼᐙᑺᕜⱘ䖛᭄ؐˈ䖛᭄ؐⱘさ✊বࡼأᏂ᮹Ⲟⱘ䍟DŽ䗮䖛ᇍ䖛㒧ᵰⱘⲥˈৃ᳝߽Ѣ䆘Ԅ䖛বⱘᅲᮑᰃ৺ᏺᴹⱘ乘ᳳⱘᬍ䖯DŽབᵰ䖛໘Ѣℷᐌࠊ㣗ೈПݙˈህϡᑨᇍ݊䖯㸠䇗ᭈDŽԚ㢹໘ѢℷᐌࠊПݙᯊˈ߭䳔㽕ᇍ݊䖯㸠䇗ᭈDŽࠊϞ䰤ࠊϟ䰤ϔ㠀䛑䆒ᅮ / 3Ͼ㽓Ḑ⥯˄ᷛޚᏂ˅ⱘԡ㕂DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1922004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ࠊৃ⫼Ѣ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑ਼ᳳ䖛ˈг䗖⫼Ѣѻક⫳ੑ਼ᳳ䖛DŽ乍ⳂЁՓ⫼ࠊⱘ՟ᄤᰃˈ⹂ᅮ៤ᴀأᏂ䖯ᑺأᏂᰃ৺ৃফᷛޚⱘ㣗ೈП˄+/-10%˅DŽѻકЁՓ⫼ࠊⱘ՟ᄤᰃˈ䆘ᅮ⌟䆩ᳳ䯈থ⦄ⱘ㔎䱋䞣ᣝ✻㒘㒛ⱘ䋼䞣ᷛޚᰃ৺ৃҹ㹿ফ䅸ৃDŽࠊৃ⫼Ѣⲥ⌟ӏԩ㉏ൟⱘ㒧ᵰব䞣DŽ㱑✊ࠊ᳔㒣ᐌ⫼Ѣ䗑䏾䞡ᗻ⌏ࡼˈ՟བᡍ䞣ࡴᎹӊ˗Ԛгৃҹ⫼Ѣⲥ⌟៤ᴀϢ䖯ᑺأᏂǃ㣗ೈবⱘᇣ乥ᑺǃ乍Ⳃ᭛ḷЁⱘ䫭䇃ˈҹঞ݊ᅗㅵ⧚㒧ᵰˈᐂࡽ⹂ᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛ᰃ৺໘Ѣℷᐌࠊ㣗ೈПݙDŽ8-7᠔⼎Ў乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㒽ᬜࠊDŽࠊϞ䰤X8ࠊϟ䰤᠔᳝ࠊⱘX䕈ഛ⬅ᢑḋ᭄˄䗮ᐌЎᢑḋᯊ䯈˅ᵘ៤DŽࠊ᳝ϝḍ݅ৠⱘ㒓DŽ1.ҹXᷛᖫⱘЁ㒓ˈᦤկ䖛᭄ⱘᑇഛؐ(X)DŽ2.ᷛᖫࠊϞ䰤˄UCL˅ⱘϞ㒓ˈᣝሎᇌ䎱⾏⬏Ё㒓Ϟᮍˈ㸼⼎᭄㣗ೈⱘϞ䰤DŽ3.ᷛᖫࠊϟ䰤˄LCL˅ⱘϟ㒓ˈ㸼⼎᭄㣗ೈⱘϟ䰤DŽUCLLCLПⱘ⚍㸼⼎䖛༅㗙ϡ〇ᅮDŽ8-7˖乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺᅲᮑⱘࠊ⼎՟.3⌕⌕⫼Ѣᐂࡽߚᵤ䯂乬থ⫳ⱘ㓬⬅DŽᅗҹᔶⱘᔶᓣሩ⼎ϔϾ䖛ˈৃҹՓ⫼⾡ḐᓣˈԚ᠔᳝䖛⌕䛑᳝乍ᴀ㽕㋴ˈे˖⌏ࡼǃއㄪ⚍䖛乎ᑣDŽᅗ㸼ᯢϔϾ㋏㒳ⱘ⾡㽕㋴П䯈ⱘѸѦ݇㋏DŽ8-8ᰃ䆒䅵ᅵᶹ䖛ⱘϔϾ⌕DŽ⌕ৃणࡽ乍Ⳃಶ䯳乘ᳳᇚԩᯊǃԩഄӮথ⫳䋼䞣䯂乬ˈℸ᳝ࡽѢᑨᇍᮍ⊩ⱘࠊᅮDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 193
ܿゴ 乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚123乍Ⳃ䳔∖Ϣॳӊϔ㟈ᓔথᎹ㡎⠜NO4Ꮉ㡎⠜756ᅵᡍ䗮䖛पᮍ䖯㸠Ẕ偠ॳẔ偠㾘㣗বࠊNOYESNO9810䋼䞣ֱ䆕ࣙᓔথYESYESᅵᡍẔ偠Ẕᶹ/ᅵᡍẔᶹ/ᅵḌড作पᮍ1112㾘Ḑ⹂䅸䅶䌁ॳ᭭˄ࣙϢ䋼䞣ֱ䆕˅8-8˖䖛⌕⼎՟.4ⳈᮍⳈᮍᣛϔ⾡῾䘧ˈৃডব䞣ⱘߚᏗDŽ↣ϔᷣҷ㸼ϔϾ䯂乬ˋᚙމⱘϔϾ⡍ᕕˋሲᗻDŽ↣Ͼᷣⱘ催ᑺҷ㸼䆹⾡⡍ᕕˋሲᗻߎ⦄ⱘⳌᇍ乥⥛DŽ䖭⾡Ꮉ䗮䖛ᷣⱘᔶ⢊ᆑᑺᴹ⹂ᅮ䯂乬ⱘḍ⑤DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1942004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
40100 3075㌃䅵ⱒߚ↨㔎㔎䱋䱋џџ2050ӊӊⱒ᭄ߚ䞣↨81025џӊ乥⥛00ᓖᐌᮟ䕀ా䷇乸ࡼय़䕈㓱㆛ԧ乸ࡼ݊ᅗ≑䔺ᬙ䱰8-9˖Ꮹ㌃ᠬ.5Ꮹ㌃ᠬᏩ㌃ᠬᰃᣝ✻থ⫳乥⥛ᇣ乎ᑣ㒬ࠊⱘⳈᮍˈ㸼⼎᳝ᇥ㒧ᵰᰃ⬅Ꮖ⹂䅸㉏ൟ㣗⭈ⱘॳ᠔䗴៤˄খⳟ8-9˅DŽᣝㄝ㑻ᥦᑣⱘⳂⱘᰃᣛᇐབԩ䞛প㑴ℷᮑDŽ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᑨ佪ܜ䞛পᮑ㑴ℷ䗴៤᳔᭄䞣㔎䱋ⱘ䯂乬DŽҢὖᗉϞ䇈ˈᏩ㌃ᠬϢᏩ㌃ᠬ⊩߭ϔ㛝Ⳍᡓˈ䆹⊩߭䅸ЎⳌᇍᴹ䇈᭄䞣䕗ᇣⱘॳᕔᕔ䗴៤㒱᭄ⱘ䯂乬㗙㔎䱋DŽℸ乍⊩߭ᕔᕔ⿄ЎѠܿॳ⧚ˈेⱒߚПܿकⱘ䯂乬ᰃⱒߚПѠकⱘॳ᠔䗴៤ⱘDŽгৃՓ⫼Ꮹ㌃ᠬ∛ᘏ⾡㉏ൟⱘ᭄ˈ䖯㸠ѠܿߚᵤDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 195
ܿゴ 乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚.6䍟䍟ৃডأᏂⱘग़㾘ᕟDŽᅗᰃϔ⾡㒓ᔶᔶˈᣝ✻᭄থ⫳ⱘܜৢ乎ᑣᇚ᭄ҹ⚍ᔶᓣ㒬ࠊ៤ᔶDŽ䍟ৃডϔϾ䖛ϔᅮᯊ䯈↉ⱘ䍟ˈϔᅮᯊ䯈↉ⱘأᏂᚙމҹঞ䖛ⱘᬍ䖯ᙊ࣪DŽ䍟ߚᵤे׳ࡽ䍟ᴹ䖯㸠ⱘDŽ䍟ߚᵤᣛḍ䖛এⱘ㒧ᵰ⫼᭄ᄺᎹ乘⌟ᴹⱘ៤ᵰDŽ䍟ߚᵤᕔᕔ⫼Ѣⲥ⌟˖xᡔᴃ㒽ᬜDŽᇥ䫭䇃㔎䱋Ꮖ㹿⹂䅸ˈ݊Ёᇥᇮ㑴ℷDŽx៤ᴀϢ䖯ᑺ㒽ᬜDŽ↣Ͼᯊᳳ᳝ᇥ⌏ࡼ⌏ࡼᅠ៤ᯊߎ⦄њᯢᰒأᏂDŽ.7ᬷ⚍ᬷ⚍ᰒ⼎ϸϾব䞣П䯈ⱘ݇㋏㾘ᕟDŽ䗮䖛䆹Ꮉˈ䋼䞣ಶ䯳ৃҹⷨおᑊ⹂ᅮϸϾব䞣ⱘবП䯈ৃ㛑ᄬⱘ┰݇㋏DŽᇚ⣀ゟব䞣䴲⣀ゟব䞣ҹ⚍㒬ࠊ៤ᔶᔶᓣDŽϸϾ⚍䍞䖥ᇍ㾦㒓ˈϸ㗙ⱘ݇㋏ህ䍞㋻ᆚDŽ.8㒳䅵ᢑḋ㒳䅵ᢑḋᣛҢᛳ݈䍷ⱘ㕸ԧЁ䗝পϔ䚼ߚ䖯㸠Ẕᶹ˄՟བˈҢᘏ᭄Ў75ᓴⱘᎹ㒌ⳂᔩЁ䱣ᴎ䗝প10ᓴ˅DŽ䗖ᔧⱘᢑḋᕔᕔৃҹ䰡Ԣ䋼䞣ࠊ៤ᴀDŽ㒳䅵ᢑḋᏆ㒣ᔶ៤њ㾘ৃ㾖ⱘⶹ䆚ԧ㋏DŽᶤѯᑨ⫼乚ඳˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳᳝ᖙ㽕❳ᙝ⾡ϡৠⱘᢑḋᡔᴃDŽ.9ẔᶹẔᶹ㋏ᣛẔᶹѻકˈ⹂ᅮᰃ৺ヺড়ᷛޚDŽϔ㠀㗠㿔ˈϔ乍Ẕᶹⱘ㒧ᵰࣙᣀ⌟䞣㒧ᵰDŽৃӏϔሖ㑻Ϟ䖯㸠Ẕᶹˈ՟བˈৃẔᶹऩ乍⌏ࡼⱘ㒧ᵰˈгৃẔᶹ乍Ⳃⱘ᳔㒜ѻક˅DŽẔᶹ᳝⾡ϡৠⱘৡ⿄ˈ՟བˈᅵᶹǃѻકᅵᶹǃᅵ䅵ᅲഄᆳⳟㄝDŽ↣ᶤѯᑨ⫼乚ඳˈ䖭ѯᴃ䇁ⱘН䕗じˈ䕗ԧDŽгৃ䗮䖛Ẕᶹᡔᴃ偠䆕㔎䱋ׂ⧚ᚙމDŽ.10㔎䱋ׂ⧚ᅵᶹ㔎䱋ׂ⧚ᅵᶹᰃ䋼䞣ࠊ䚼䮼㉏Ԑ䚼䮼䞛পⱘᮑˈⳂⱘѢ⹂ֱѻક㔎䱋ᕫҹׂ⧚ᑊՓПϢ㽕∖㾘㣗ⳌヺDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1962004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ᅲᮑ䋼䞣ࠊ˖䕧ߎ.1䋼䞣ࠊᑺ䞣㒧ᵰ䋼䞣ࠊᑺ䞣㒧ᵰᰃ䋼䞣ࠊ⌏ࡼⱘ㒧ᵰˈ䕧ܹ䋼䞣ֱ䆕䖛˄㡖˅⫼ҹᇍᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘ䋼䞣ᷛޚ䖛䖯㸠䞡ᮄ䆘ԄߚᵤDŽ.2偠䆕ⱘ㔎䱋ׂ⧚ᇍ㹿ׂ⧚乍Ⳃ䖯㸠䞡ᮄẔ偠ˈߎއㄪ䗮ⶹПࠡއᅮᰃ৺ফᢦ㒱DŽ㹿ᢦ㒱ⱘ乍Ⳃৃ㛑䳔㽕䖯ϔℹⱘ⍜㔎໘⧚DŽ.3䋼䞣ޚ˄ᮄ˅খ✻㡖DŽ.4㤤ⱘ㑴ℷᮑ㑴ℷᮑ˄খ㾕㡖˅ᣛ䋼䞣ࠊ䞣ᑺ㒧ᵰ㸼ᯢࠊ䗴ᓔথ䖛䍙ߎ᮶ᅮখ᭄ˈЎ㑴ℷ䖭⾡ᚙމ㗠䞛পⱘ㸠ࡼDŽ㤤ⱘ乘䰆ᗻ㸠ࡼ乘䰆ᗻ㸠ࡼ˄খ㾕㡖˅ᣛЎ乘䰆ࠊ䗴ᓔথ䖛䍙ߎ᮶ᅮখ᭄˄ৃ䗮䖛䋼䞣ࠊ䞣ᑺ㒧ᵰড˅㗠䞛পⱘ㸠ࡼDŽ.6ব䇋∖བᵰḍ㤤ⱘ㑴ℷᮑ乘䰆ᗻ㸠ࡼˈ䳔㽕ᇍ乍Ⳃ䖯㸠বˈᑨᣝ✻᮶ᅮⱘᭈԧবࠊ䖛ਃࡼব䇋∖˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ.7㤤ⱘ㔎䱋ׂ⧚㔎䱋㋏ᣛϔϾ䚼ӊϡ⒵䎇㽕∖㾘㣗ˈ䳔ᇍ݊䖯㸠ׂ⧚᳓ᤶDŽ䆚߿㔎䱋ᑊ㤤⬅䋼䞣ࠊ䚼䮼㉏Ԑ䚼䮼䖯㸠໘⧚DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᑨሑৃ㛑ഄ᳔ᑺ䰡Ԣ䳔㽕ׂ⧚ⱘ䫭䱋᭄䞣DŽৃ䗮䖛㔎䱋䆄ᔩऩⱘᔶᓣˈᕕ䲚ׂ⧚ᓎ䆂DŽ䆹乍䗮ᐌ䯂乬㞾ࡼ䎳䏾㋏㒳ЁᅲᮑDŽ.8㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅xᅠ៤ⱘḌᇍ㸼DŽখⳟ㡖ⱘᦣ䗄DŽབᵰ䞛⫼Ḍᇍ㸼ˈ߭ᅠ៤ⱘḌᇍ㸼ᑨ៤Ў乍Ⳃ䆄ᔩⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽx㒣偠ᬭ䆁᭛ḷDŽ䋼䞣ࠊ䖛ЁᥠᦵⱘأᏂ៤ǃ䞛প㑴ℷᮑⱘ⧚⬅ձҹঞ݊ᅗ⾡㉏ൟⱘ㒣偠ᬭ䆁䛑ᑨᔶ៤᭛ḷᔶᓣˈՓП៤Ў乍Ⳃᅲᮑ㒘㒛ग़᭄ᑧⱘϔ䚼ߚݙᆍDŽᑨᭈϾ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳݙᘏ㒧㒣偠ᬭ䆁ᑊᔶ៤᭛ḷˈབᵰϡৃ㛑ˈ߭㟇ᇥᑨ乍Ⳃᬊሒᯊ䖯㸠∛ᘏ˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 197
ܿゴ 乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚.9偠䆕ⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰ䋼䞣ࠊⱘⳂⱘѢ⹂ᅮৃѸҬ៤ᵰⱘℷ⹂ᗻDŽᅲᮑ䋼䞣ࠊ䖛ⱘ㒧ᵰᰃৃѸҬ៤ᵰᕫҹ偠䆕DŽ.10乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅ᇍ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䖯㸠ᮄˈҹডᅲᮑ䋼䞣ࠊ䖛ѻ⫳ⱘ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦবDŽ⬇䇋ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦঞ݊Ңሲ䅵ߦⱘব˄ׂᬍǃ⏏ߴ䰸˅䗮䖛㡖ⱘᭈԧবࠊ䖛䖯㸠ᅵᶹ໘⧚DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜1982004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
бゴ乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚ࣙᣀ乍Ⳃಶ䯳㒘ᓎㅵ⧚ⱘϾ䖛DŽ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ࣙᣀЎᅠ៤乍Ⳃ㗠ߚ⌒᳝㾦㡆㘠䋷ⱘҎਬDŽ㱑✊ˈ䗮ᐌ䇈ߚ䜡㾦㡆㘠䋷ˈ݊ᅲಶ䯳៤ਬᑨ䆹খϢࠄⱘ乍Ⳃ㾘ߦއㄪⱘ䖛DŽಶ䯳៤ਬⱘᮽᳳখϢᇚЎ乍Ⳃ㾘ߦ䖛ᦤկ᠔䳔ⱘϧϮᡔ㛑ˈৠᯊৃҹᔎҪӀᇍ乍Ⳃⱘᡓ䇎DŽಶ䯳៤ਬⱘ㒘៤Ҏ᭄㒣ᐌӮ䱣ⴔ乍Ⳃⱘ䖯ሩ㗠ব࣪DŽ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬг㹿⿄Ў乍ⳂⱘਬᎹDŽ9乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᰃ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ⱘᄤ䲚ˈ䋳䋷乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⌏ࡼˈ՟བˈ㾘ߦǃࠊᬊሒDŽ䆹ᄤ䲚гৃ㹿⿄Ḍᖗಶ䯳乚ᇐಶ䯳DŽᇍѢᇣൟ乍Ⳃˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㘠䋷ৃ⬅ᭈϾ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᡓᢙˈгৃ⬅乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ऩ⣀ᡓᢙDŽ乍Ⳃথ䍋Ҏ䗮ᐌणࡽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳㾷އ乍Ⳃㅍ䌘ǃ╘⏙㣗ೈ䯂乬ᑊЎ乍Ⳃ߽ⲞᇍҪҎᮑࡴᕅડDŽ9-1ὖᣀњ乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚ⱘϾ䖛ˈ9-2ডњϞ䗄䖛ǃঞ݊䕧ܹǃᎹᡔᴃǃ䕧ߎҹঞ݊ᅗⳌ݇ⶹ䆚乚ඳ䖛ⱘ⌕DŽ乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚䖛ࣙᣀ˖Ҏ䌘⑤㾘ߦ–⹂ᅮǃ䆄ᔩᑊߚ⌒乍Ⳃ㾦㡆ǃ㘠䋷䇋⼎∛݇㋏ˈࠊᅮҎਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦDŽҎਬࢳ–ࢳ乍ⳂᎹ᠔䳔ⱘҎ䌘⑤DŽಶ䯳ᓎ䆒–ݏಶ䯳៤ਬⱘ㛑ҹঞᦤ催៤ਬП䯈ⱘѸѦ⫼ˈҹᦤ催乍Ⳃ㒽ᬜDŽಶ䯳ㅵ⧚–䎳䏾ಶ䯳៤ਬⱘ㒽ᬜˈᦤկড作ˈ㾷އ䯂乬ˈण䇗বџᅰҹᦤ催乍Ⳃ㒽ᬜ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 199
бゴ 乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚Ϟ䗄䖛ϡҙᕐℸѸѦ⫼ˈ㗠Ϩ䖬Ϣ݊ᅗⶹ䆚乚ඳⱘ䖛ѸѦ⫼DŽḍ乍Ⳃ䳔㽕ˈ↣Ͼ䖛ৃ㛑⍝ঞϔҎҎ㗙䲚ԧⱘࡾDŽ↣Ͼ䖛↣Ͼ乍ⳂЁ㟇ᇥߎ⦄ϔˈᑊৃ乍ⳂϔϾϾ䰊↉˄བᵰ乍ⳂߦߚЎ䰊↉˅Ёߎ⦄DŽ㱑✊ᴀゴЁˈ䖛㹿ᦣ䗄៤⬠㒓⋒␁ߚᯢⱘ⣀ゟ㒘៤䚼ߚˈԚᅲ䏉ЁˈᅗӀैৃ㛑Ѹ䫭䞡䗁ϢѸѦ⫼ˈ݊ԧᮍᓣᴀゴϡᢳ䆺䗄DŽ݇Ѣ䖛䯈ѸѦ⫼ⱘ䆺㒚䅼䆎ˈ䇋খⳟϝゴDŽ9-2㸼ᯢњ乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚Ϣ乍Ⳃ݊ᅗ䖛ѸѦ⫼ⱘЏ㽕ᮍᓣDŽ᳝ѯѸѦ݇㋏㽕∖䖯㸠乱㾘ߦˈࣙᣀ˖x᳔߱ⱘಶ䯳៤ਬࠊᅮᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘПৢˈৃ㛑䳔㽕ࢳ乱ⱘ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬ˗x䱣ⴔ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬⱘࢳˈ݊㒣偠∈ᑇӮᦤ催䰡Ԣ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ˈℸ䳔㽕䖯㸠乱ⱘ亢䰽㾘ߦ˗xབᵰ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬܼ䚼⹂ᅮПࠡህԄㅫњ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ˈ߭᠔ࢳⱘಶ䯳៤ਬⱘᅲ䰙㛑∈ᑇৃ㛑Ӯᇐ㟈⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈䖯ᑺ䅵ߦⱘᬍবDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2002004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚Ҏ䌘⑤㾘ߦ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ࢳ.1䕧ܹ.1䕧ܹ.1ӕϮ⦃๗㋴1ӕϮ⦃๗㋴.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.3㾦㡆㘠䋷3乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4乍Ⳃ㒘㒛.⌏ࡼ䌘⑤䳔∖.5Ҏਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1㒘㒛ቫԡᦣ䗄.1乘ߚ⌒.2Ѹ䰙.2䇜߸.3㒘㒛⧚䆎.3ࢳ.4㰮ᢳಶ䯳.3䕧ߎ.1㾦㡆Ϣ㘠䋷.3䕧ߎ.1乍ⳂҎਬߚ⌒ࠄԡ.2乍Ⳃ㒘㒛.2䌘⑤ৃ⫼ᗻ.3Ҏਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.3Ҏਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᓎ䆒乍Ⳃಶ䯳ㅵ⧚.1䕧ܹ.1䕧ܹ.1乍ⳂҎਬⱘߚ⌒.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2Ҏਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2乍ⳂҎਬⱘߚ⌒.3䌘⑤ৃ⫼ᗻ.3㾦㡆㘠䋷.4乍Ⳃ㒘㒛.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.5Ҏਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1䗮⫼ㅵ⧚ᡔ㛑.6ಶ䯳㒽ᬜ㗗Ḍ.2䆁.7Ꮉ㒽ᬜֵᙃ.3ಶ䯳ᓎ䆒⌏ࡼ.8㒽ᬜਞ.4㾘߭.5䲚Ёࡲ݀.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.6༪ࢅϢ㸼ᕄ.1㾖ᆳϢѸ䇜.2乍Ⳃ㒽ᬜ䆘Ԅ.3䕧ߎ.3ކさㅵ⧚.1ಶ䯳㒽ᬜ㗗Ḍ.4䯂乬䆄ᔩऩ.3䕧ߎ.1ব䇋∖.2㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.3㤤ⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼ.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.5Ҏਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅9-1˖乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚ὖ䉠®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 201
бゴ 乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚ᓔথ乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤㾘ߦ㒘㒛᭛࣪㒧ᵘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦㅵ⧚䅵ߦӕϮ⦃๗㋴() () 㾦㡆㘠䋷ᵓẔᶹऩ乍Ⳃ㒘㒛㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻਬᎹࢳㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㒘ᓎ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᡍޚⱘব䳔∖⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫᡍޚⱘ㑴ℷᮑ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤䳔∖ᡍޚⱘ乘䰆ᮑ() () 乍Ⳃ៤ਬߚ䜡䌘⑤ৃ⫼ᗻ៤ਬࢳㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅㒽ᬜਞ㓪ࠊ㒽ᬜਞ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᓔথ () ()ಶ䯳㒽ᬜ䆘Ԅ乍ⳂᅲᮑᣛᇐϢᎹ㒽ᬜֵᙃㅵ⧚乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅() ᖙ㽕ⱘব㤤ⱘ㑴䫭ᮑ乍Ⳃᬊሒㅵ⧚乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᭈԧবࠊ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅㤤ⱘ乘䰆ᮑ() ()() ⊼˖ᴀ㛑ড᠔᳝䖛П䯈ⱘѸѦ⫼ֵᙃ⌕ࡼ9-2˖乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚䖛⌕Ҏ䌘⑤㾘ߦ 䗮䖛Ҏ䌘⑤㾘ߦˈ⹂ᅮ乍Ⳃ㾦㡆ǃ㘠䋷ǃ∛݇㋏ᑊࠊᅮҎ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦDŽ乍Ⳃ㾦㡆ৃᣛᅮЎϾҎᇣ㒘ˈ㗠䖭ѯϾҎᇣ㒘ৃᴹ㞾Ѣ乍Ⳃᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘݙ䚼䚼DŽҎਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦৃࣙᣀԩᯊǃབԩࢳҎਬǃҎਬ᩸⾏乍Ⳃⱘᅝᥦˈৠᯊˈৃ⹂ᅮ䆁䳔∖ǃ༪䌣䅵ߦǃড়㾘ᗻ㗗㰥ǃᅝܼ䯂乬ҹঞҎਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦᇍ㒘㒛ⱘᕅડDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2022004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
䕧ܹᎹϢᡔᴃ䕧ߎ.1ӕϮ⦃๗㋴.1㒘㒛ᴎᵘቫԡᦣ䗄.1㾦㡆Ϣ㘠䋷.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2Ѹ䰙.2乍Ⳃ㒘㒛.3乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.3㒘㒛⧚䆎.3Ҏਬ䜡ㅵ⧚䅵ߦx⌏ࡼ䌘⑤䳔∖9-3˖Ҏ䌘⑤㾘ߦ˖䕧ܹǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ䕧ߎҎ䌘⑤㾘ߦ˖䕧ܹ.1ӕϮ⦃๗㋴ᑨѢᇍ⦄᳝㒘㒛খϢ乍Ⳃⱘ⾡ᮍᓣⱘ⧚㾷ҹঞᇍᡔᴃϧϮᡔᴃҎਬП䯈ⱘѸѦ⫼ᮍᓣⱘ⧚㾷ˈᴹ⬠ᅮ乍Ⳃ㾦㡆㘠䋷DŽҹϟᰃϔѯ⍝ঞ㒘㒛᭛࣪9㒧ᵘⱘӕϮ⦃๗㋴˄খ㾕㡖˅ˈࣙᣀ˖x㒘㒛ᗻⱘ˖ાѯ㒘㒛䚼䮼ᇚখϢ乍Ⳃ˛ҪӀП䯈ⳂࠡⱘᎹᅝᥦབԩ˛ҪӀП䯈ᄬԩ⾡ℷᓣ䴲ℷᓣⱘ݇㋏˛xᡔᴃᗻⱘ˖ᅠ៤乍Ⳃᇚ䳔㽕ҔМϧϮϧ䮼ᡔᴃখϢ˛ᰃ৺᳝ϡৠ㉏ൟⱘ䕃ӊ䇁㿔ǃᎹᮍ⊩䆒䳔㽕ण䇗˛Ң乍Ⳃ਼ᳳⱘϔϾ䖛䖛⏵ࠄϔϾ䖛ᰃ৺ᄬ⣀⡍ⱘೄ䲒˛xҎ䰙ᗻⱘ˖乍Ⳃಶ䯳䗝ҎП䯈ⱘℷᓣϢ䴲ℷᓣⱘਞ݇㋏˛ಶ䯳䗝Ҏⱘቫԡᦣ䗄˛ЏㅵϟሲП䯈ⱘ݇㋏བԩ˛կᑨଚˉᅶ᠋П䯈ⱘ݇㋏བԩ˛ಶ䯳៤ਬП䯈ⱘᎹ݇㋏ᇚফાѯ᭛࣪䇁㿔Ꮒᓖⱘᕅડ˛⦄᳝ⱘֵӏ∈ᑇᇞᭀ∈ᑇབԩ˛xৢࢸֱ䱰ᗻⱘ˖乍ⳂখϢҎਬऩԡП䯈ⱘ䎱⾏བԩ˛Ҏਬᰃ৺໘Ѣϡৠⱘᯊऎ˛ϡৠⱘᆊࡲ݀ὐᎹ˛xᬓ⊏ᗻⱘ˖乍Ⳃ┰ⱘ߽ᆇ݇㋏ᮍⱘ㞾ⱘⳂᷛᛣᰃҔМ˛ાѯ㒘㒛Ҏਬ乍Ⳃⱘᶤѯ䞡㽕乚ඳݙ᳝䴲ℷᓣⱘᴗ˛ᄬાѯ䴲ℷᓣⱘ㘨ⲳ˛®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 203
бゴ 乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚䰸Ϟ䗄乍㋴Пˈࠊ㑺ᴵӊгৃ䰤ࠊ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ⱘ䗝ᢽԭഄDŽᇍҎ䌘⑤㾘ߦ䖛䍋ࠄ䰤ࠊ⫼ⱘϔѯࠊ㑺ᴵӊࣙᣀ˖x㒘㒛㒧ᵘ˖㒘㒛㒧ᵘЎᔅⶽ䰉ൟᓣⱘˈ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚㾦㡆ഄԡⳌᇍ䕗ᔅ˄খ㾕㡖˅˗x䲚ԧ䇜߸ण䆂˖ϢᎹӮ݊Ҫ䲛ਬಶԧⱘড়㑺ण䆂ৃ㛑㽕∖ᶤѯ㾦㡆䗮݇㋏˗x㒣⌢ᴵӊ˖ϔѯ㒣⌢ᴵӊˈ՟བ˖᱖ذᎹǃ䆁䞥ࠞޣǃᏂᮙ乘ㅫϡ䎇ㄝˈ䛑ᇚ䰤ࠊҎਬ䜡㕂ᮍḜⱘ䗝ᢽDŽ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ䱣ⴔ㒘㒛ݙ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩ⱘ䗤⏤䍟Ѣ៤❳ˈ㒘㒛ৃҹձҹࠡҎ䌘⑤㾘ߦ䖛ⱘ㒣偠ᬭ䆁ˈे˖㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄খ㾕㡖˅ˈৃҹणࡽࠊᅮᔧࠡ乍Ⳃⱘ䅵ߦ˗ᵓ᭛ӊḌᇍ㸼Ḑৃҹޣᇥ乍Ⳃ߱ᳳⱘ㾘ߦᯊ䯈ᑊ䰡Ԣ䘫ⓣ䞡㽕㘠䋷ⱘὖ⥛DŽxᵓ᭛ӊ˖Ҏ䌘⑤㾘ߦЁ↨䕗᳝⫼ⱘ乍ᵓࣙᣀˈ乍Ⳃ㒘㒛ǃቫԡᦣ䗄ǃ乍Ⳃ㒽ᬜ䆘Ԅᷛޚކさ㾷އᮍ⊩DŽxḌᇍ㸼Ḑ˖Ҏ䌘⑤㾘ߦЁৃ׳⫼ⱘḌᇍ㸼ࣙᣀˈᐌ㾕ⱘ㾦㡆㘠䋷ǃᐌ㾕ⱘ㛑㽕∖ǃᑨ㗗㰥ⱘ䆁ᮍḜǃಶ䯳㾘߭ǃᅝܼџ乍ǃড়㾘ᗻ䯂乬ǃ༪䌣DŽ.3乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㡖˅ࣙᣀ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤䳔∖乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⌏ࡼⱘᦣ䗄ˈ՟བˈ䋼䞣ֱ䆕ǃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ǃ䞛䌁ˈ䖭ᇚ᳝ࡽѢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳䆚߿᠔᳝᠔䳔ⱘ㾦㡆㘠䋷DŽx⌏ࡼ䌘⑤䳔∖˖Ҏ䌘⑤䅵ߦ׳ࡽ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤䳔∖˄㡖˅⹂ᅮ乍ⳂⱘҎ䌘⑤䳔∖DŽЎҎ䌘⑤㾘ߦ䖛ⱘϔ䚼ߚˈᇍ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬ᠔䳔ⱘҎ䗝ঞ݊㛑ⱘ߱ℹ㽕∖ᇚᕫࠄᅠDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2042004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
Ҏ䌘⑤㾘ߦ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1㒘㒛ᴎᵘቫԡᦣ䗄ৃՓ⫼⾡Ḑᓣˈ䆄ᔩಶ䯳៤ਬⱘ㾦㡆㘠䋷DŽ᭄Ḑᓣ䛑ৃᔦ㒧Ўϝ㉏˄9-4˅ˈे˖ሖ㑻㒧ᵘǃⶽ䰉㒧ᵘ᭛ᄫভ䗄㒧ᵘDŽˈ᳝ѯ乍Ⳃӏࡵ㹿ܹ߫ࠄҢሲ䅵ߦ˄བ˖亢䰽䅵ߦǃ䋼䞣䅵ߦ≳䗮䅵ߦ˅ЁDŽ᮴䆎ᑨ⫼ાѯᮍ⊩ⱘ㒘ড়ˈ݊Ⳃⱘ䛑ᰃϔḋⱘˈे˖⹂ֱ↣ϾᎹࣙ䛑⬅ϔৡᯢ⹂⬠ᅮⱘ䋳䋷Ҏ䋳䋷ˈᑊϨ᠔᳝ಶ䯳៤ਬ䛑ᇍҪӀⱘ㾦㡆㘠䋷᳝ᯢ⹂ⱘњ㾷DŽPMRAM㾦㡆㘠䋷㘠ᴗ9ሖൟ㒘㒛㒧ᵘѢⶽ䰉㒧ᵘⱘ䋷ӏݙᆍЎЏⱘᵓ9-4˖㾦㡆㘠䋷ᅮНḐᓣxሖ㑻㒧ᵘ˖Ӵ㒳ⱘ㒘㒛㒧ᵘᰃ⫼㞾Ϟ㗠ϟⱘᮍᓣሩ⼎㘠ԡ㘠ԡ䯈ⱘ݇㋏DŽᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘⱘЏ㽕ⳂⱘѢ㸼ᯢབԩᇚ乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰߚ㾷ЎᎹࣙˈৠᯊˈᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘгৃ⫼ᴹ㸼ᯢ催ሖ㑻㘠䋷㣗ೈDŽ㒘㒛ߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄OBS˅ϢᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㉏Ԑˈ݊ऎ߿Ѣˈ㒘㒛ߚ㾷㒧ᵘϡᰃᣝ✻乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰⱘߚ㾷㗠㒘㒛ⱘˈ㗠ᰃᣝ✻㒘㒛ݙ⦄᳝ⱘ䚼䮼ǃऩԡಶ䯳㗠㒘㒛ⱘDŽᡞ乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼᎹࣙ߫⦄᳝䚼䮼ϟˈ䖭ḋˈϔϾ䚼䮼ˈ՟བ˖ֵᙃᡔᴃ䚼䞛䌁䚼া乏ᡒࠄ݊᠔ⱘ㒘㒛ߚ㾷㒧ᵘԡ㕂ˈህৃњ㾷݊ᑨᡓᢙⱘ乍Ⳃⱘ᠔᳝㘠䋷DŽ䌘⑤ߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄RBS˅ᰃϔϾሖ㑻㒧ᵘᔶᓣⱘ㸼DŽ՟བˈ䌘⑤ߚ㾷㒧ᵘৃҹডϔ㠬㠍㠊Ͼϡৠऎඳ⫼ࠄⱘ᠔᳝⛞Ꮉ⛞䆒ˈेՓ䖭ѯ⛞Ꮉ⛞䆒㒘㒛ߚ㾷㒧ᵘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘЁಯߚѨᬷDŽ䌘⑤ߚ㾷㒧ᵘ᳝ࡽѢ䎳䏾乍Ⳃ៤ᴀˈᑊৃϢ㒘㒛ⱘӮ䅵㋏㒳ण䇗ϔ㟈DŽ䌘⑤ߚ㾷㒧ᵘݙ䰸њҎ䌘⑤䖬ৃࣙ݊ᅗ㉏ൟⱘ䌘⑤DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 205
бゴ 乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚xⶽ䰉㒧ᵘ˖䗮䖛㘠䋷ߚ䜡ⶽ䰉˄RAM˅ডᎹϢ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬП䯈ⱘ㘨㋏DŽൟ乍ⳂЁˈⶽ䰉㒧ᵘ˄RAM˅ৃҹߦߚߎϾሖ㑻DŽ՟བˈ催ሖ㑻ⱘ㘠䋷ߚ䜡ⶽ䰉ৃ⬠ᅮાѯ乍Ⳃᇣ㒘ऩԡߚ߿䋳䋷Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘⱘ↣ϔ䚼ߚᎹ˗㗠Ԣሖ㑻㘠䋷ⶽ䰉߭ৃᇣ㒘ݙˈЎԧ⌏ࡼߚ䜡㾦㡆ǃ㘠䋷ᥜᴗ∈ᑇDŽⶽ䰉㒧ᵘᔶᓣˈ᳝ᯊг㹿⿄㸼ḐˈৃডϢ↣ϾҎⳌ݇ⱘ᠔᳝⌏ࡼϢ↣乍⌏ࡼⳌ݇ⱘ᠔᳝ҎਬDŽ9-5᠔⼎ⱘⶽ䰉㹿⿄RACIⶽ䰉ˈॳѢ݊Ёⱘ㾦㡆ߚ߿⫼Responsible˄᳝䋷˅ǃAccountable ˄䋳䋷˅ǃConsult ˄ᕕ䆶ᛣ㾕˅Inform˄䗮˅㸼䗄DŽ㱑✊⼎ЁˈᎺջҷ㸼ⱘᰃ乍⌏ࡼˈԚ㘠䋷ߚ䜡ⶽ䰉ৃҹ⫼ϡৠⱘ䆺㒚ᑺᴹ䇈ᯢ乍㘠䋷DŽ݊ЁⱘҎਬৃᰃऩϾҎᶤϾ㒘㒛DŽ㸼ḐҎਬ⌏ࡼ Ann Ben Carlos Dina Ed ᅮНA R I I I 䆒䅵 I A R C C ᓔথI A R C C ⌟䆩 A I I R I R=᳝䋷 A=䋳䋷 C=ᕕ䆶 I=䗮9-5˖RACIᔶᓣⱘ㘠䋷ߚ䜡ⶽ䰉x᭛ᄫভ䗄ᔶᓣ˖䳔㽕䆺㒚⬠ᅮⱘ㘠䋷ৃ⫼ҹ᭛ᄫভ䗄ЎЏⱘᔶᓣ㸼䗄DŽℸ㉏᭛ӊ䗮ᐌᰃᦣ䗄ᔶᓣˈ᭛ӊݙৃࣙ䇌བ㘠䋷ǃᥜᴗǃ㛑䌘Ḑㄝᮍ䴶ⱘֵᙃDŽ䖭⾡᭛ӊ᳝⾡ি⊩ˈࣙᣀቫԡᦣ䗄ǃ㾦㡆ˉᣛ䋷ˉᥜᴗ㸼ḐㄝDŽ䖭ѯᦣ䗄㸼ḐᇍѢᇚᴹⱘ乍Ⳃᵕখ㗗׳䡈Ӌؐˈ⡍߿ᰃˈ㢹㛑ᭈϾ乍Ⳃ䖛Ёˈ䗮䖛㒣偠ᬭ䆁ᘏ㒧ᮍ⊩ˈᇍПϡᮁᮄⱘ䆱ˈ߭ᇸЎབℸDŽx乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ݊Ҫゴ㡖˖乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘ݊Ҫゴ㡖߫ߎᑊ㾷䞞њϢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚Ⳍ݇ⱘ㢹ᑆ䋷ӏDŽ↨བˈ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ߫ߎњ亢䰽䋳䋷Ҏˈ≳䗮䅵ߦ䞠߫ߎњ≳䗮⌏ࡼЁಶ䯳៤ਬⱘ䋷ӏˈҹঞ䋼䞣䅵ߦЁᣛ⌒њ䋼䞣ֱ䆕䋼䞣ࠊ⌏ࡼⱘ䋷ӏҎDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2062004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.2Ѹ䰙Ϣ㒘㒛㸠ϮЁⱘ݊ҪҎ䖯㸠䴲ℷᓣ≳䗮Ѹᕔˈ᳝ࡽѢњ㾷䙷ѯᇍᕅડ⾡Ҏਬ䜡㕂ᮍḜᬜⱘᬓ⊏Ҏ䰙݇㋏㽕㋴DŽҎ䌘⑤Ҏ䰙Ѹᕔ⌏ࡼⱘᔶᓣࣙᣀ⿃ᵕ≳䗮ǃज令Ӯǃ䴲ℷᓣѸ䇜㸠ϮӮ䆂DŽ乥㐕ⱘ≳䗮Ѹᕔᰃ乍Ⳃ߱ᳳⱘϔ乍᳝⫼ⱘᡔᴃˈ乍Ⳃᓔྟࠡⱘᅮᳳ≳䗮Ѹᕔгᕜ᳝ᬜDŽ .3 㒘㒛⧚䆎㒘㒛⧚䆎៥Ӏ䯤䗄ⱘᰃҎਬǃಶ䯳㒘㒛ऩԡⱘ㸠ЎᮍᓣDŽᑨ⫼㒣䖛偠䆕ⱘॳ⧚ˈৃ㓽ⷁ㦋ᕫҎ䌘⑤䅵ߦ㒧ᵰ᠔䳔ⱘᯊ䯈ᑊৃᦤ催䅵ߦ᳝ᬜᗻⱘὖ⥛DŽ Ҏ䌘⑤㾘ߦ˖䕧ߎ .1 㾦㡆Ϣ㘠䋷߫ᯢᅠ៤乍Ⳃ᠔䳔ⱘ㾦㡆㘠䋷ᯊˈ䳔㗗㰥ϟ䗄乍ݙᆍ˖x㾦㡆˖ᶤҎ䋳䋷ⱘ乍Ⳃⱘᶤ䚼ߚᎹⱘᷛ䆚DŽ՟བ˖ೳᓎᎹᏜǃ⊩䰶㘨㒰ҎǃଚࡵߚᵤᏜ⌟䆩ण䇗ҎDŽ㾦㡆ⱘᯢ⹂ᗻ˄ࣙᣀ㘠ᴗǃ䋷ӏ䖍⬠˅ᇍѢ乍Ⳃⱘ៤ࡳ㟇݇䞡㽕DŽ9x㘠ᴗ˖㋏ᣛՓ⫼乍Ⳃ䌘⑤ঞߎއㄪᡍޚⱘᴗDŽ䳔㽕᳝ᯢ⹂ⱘ㘠ᴗᴹخއᅮⱘ՟ᄤࣙᣀᅲᮑᮍ⊩ⱘ䗝ᢽǃ䋼䞣偠ᬊǃҹঞབԩᑨᇍ乍ⳂأᏂDŽ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬⱘ㘠ᴗ∈ᑇϢ݊㘠䋷∈ᑇϔ㟈ᯊˈ݊Ꮉ᳔ᆠ៤ᬜDŽx㘠䋷˖Ўᅠ៤乍Ⳃˈ㽕∖乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬᅲᮑⱘᎹDŽx㛑˖ᅠ៤乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼ᠔䳔ⱘᡔ㛑㛑DŽབᵰ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬϡ᠔䳔㽕ⱘᡔ㛑ˈ㒽ᬜᇚফࠄᕅડDŽབᵰথ⦄њ䖭⾡ϡऍ䜡ⱘ⦄䈵ˈ߭ᑨ䞛পᦤࠡⱘᑨᇍᮑˈ՟བ˖䆁ǃࢳǃ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦব㣗ೈবDŽ .2 乍Ⳃ㒘㒛乍Ⳃ㒘㒛ҹᔶᮍᓣሩ⼎乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬঞ݊䗮݇㋏DŽḍ乍Ⳃⱘ䳔㽕ˈ乍Ⳃ㒘㒛ৃҹᰃℷᓣⱘǃ䴲ℷᓣⱘǃ䆺ሑⱘᆑ⊯ⱘDŽ՟བˈϔϾ3,000Ҏⱘᡶ䰽ᬥ♒ಶ䯳ⱘ乍Ⳃ㒘㒛ᑨ䆹↨ҙЎѠकҎⱘݙ䚼乍Ⳃⱘ㒘㒛Ў䆺ሑDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 207
бゴ 乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚ .3 Ҏਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦҎਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘϔϾҢሲ䚼ߚ˄খⳟ㡖˅ˈᦣ䗄ԩᯊঞҹԩ⾡ᮍᓣ⒵䎇乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤䳔∖DŽḍ乍Ⳃⱘ䳔㽕ˈҎਬ䜡䅵ߦৃҹᰃℷᓣⱘǃ䴲ℷᓣⱘˈ䆺ሑⱘˈᆑ⊯ⱘDŽ乍Ⳃᳳ䯈ˈᇚϡᮁᇍ݊䖯㸠ᮄҹᣛᇐಶ䯳៤ਬⱘࢳಶ䯳ᓎ䆒⌏ࡼDŽҎਬ䜡㕂䅵ߦݙⱘֵᙃᑨ⫼乚ඳ乍Ⳃ㾘ⱘϡৠ㗠ᓖˈԚᑨ㗗㰥ⱘݙᆍࣙᣀ˖xҎਬࢳ˖㾘ߦ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬࢳ䖛ЁˈӮߎ⦄ϔѯ䯂乬䳔㽕㗗㰥ˈ՟བ˖Ҏ䌘⑤ᴹ㞾Ѣ㒘㒛ݙ䚼䖬ᰃ䚼˛ಶ䯳៤ਬ䳔㽕ৠഄࡲ݀䖬ᰃ䖰䎱⾏ߚᬷࡲ݀˛乍Ⳃ᠔䳔ⱘ⾡ϡৠᡔᴃ∈ᑇⱘ䌍⫼བԩ˛㒘㒛ⱘҎ䌘⑤䚼䮼ৃЎ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᦤկᑺⱘणࡽᬃᣕ˛xᯊ䯈㸼˖Ҏਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䇈ᯢњ乍ⳂᇍϾ㒘ಶ䯳៤ਬⱘᯊ䯈ᅝᥦ㽕∖ҹঞࢳ⌏ࡼԩᯊᓔྟDŽϔ⾡ࠊᅮҎ䌘⑤㸼ⱘᎹᰃ䌘⑤Ⳉᮍ˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ䆹ⳈᮍৃডϔϾҎǃϔϾ䚼䮼ᭈϾ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᭈϾ乍Ⳃᳳ䯈↣਼↣᳜䳔㽕Ꮉⱘᇣᯊ᭄DŽЁৃࡴܹϔᴵ∈ᑇ㒓ˈҷ㸼⡍ᅮ䌘⑤ⱘ᳔ৃ߽⫼Ꮉᇣᯊ᭄DŽ䍙䖛᳔ৃ⫼Ꮉᇣᯊ᭄ⱘオ䘧㸼ᯢ䳔㽕䞛⫼䌘⑤ᑇ㸵ㄪ⬹ˈ՟བ˖ࡴⱘ䌘⑤ᓊ䭓䖯ᑺDŽখ㾕9-6ⱘ䌘⑤Ⳉᮍ⼎՟DŽЎ催㑻䆒䅵ᏜᎹ㘠ਬᯊ䯈9-6˖䌘⑤ⳈᮍВ՟®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2082004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
x៤ਬ䘷ᬷᅝᥦ˖⹂ᅮಶ䯳៤ਬⱘ䘷ᬷᮍ⊩ᯊ䯈ᇍ乍Ⳃǃᇍಶ䯳៤ਬ䛑᳝ⲞDŽ᳔Շᯊ䯈ˈᇚಶ䯳៤ਬ᩸⾏乍Ⳃˈৃ⍜䰸Ꮉ㘠䋷Ꮖ㒣ᅠ៤Ҏਬⱘ䌍⫼ᬃߎᑊ䰡Ԣ៤ᴀDŽབᵰᏆ㒣ЎਬᎹخདњᑇ⒥䖛⏵ࠄᮄ乍ⳂЁএⱘᅝᥦˈ߭ৃҹᦤ催⇨DŽx䆁䳔∖˖བᵰ乘ᳳߚ⌒ⱘਬᎹϡ᳝᠔㽕∖ⱘᡔ㛑㛑ˈ߭ৃЎ乍Ⳃⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚࠊᅮϔӑ䆁䅵ߦDŽ䅵ߦгৃࣙᣀབԩणࡽಶ䯳៤ਬ㦋পᇍ乍Ⳃ᳝Ⲟⱘ䆕кㄝ⾡ᮍ⊩DŽx㸼ᕄ༪ࢅ˖⫼ᯢ⹂ⱘ༪䌣ᷛޚ᳝䅵ߦⱘ༪䌣㋏㒳ᴹ֗䖯ᑊࡴᔎᳳᳯⱘ㸠ЎDŽ㽕ᛇ᳝ᬜˈ༪䌣ᑨѢফ༪㗙ࠊ㣗ೈݙⱘᎹ㒽ᬜDŽ՟བˈབᵰᶤಶ䯳៤ਬᅲ⦄њ៤ᴀⳂᷛ㗠㹿༪䌣ˈ߭䆹ಶ䯳៤ਬᑨᇍᕅડ៤ᴀⱘއㄪ᳝䗖ᔧⱘࠊᴗDŽࠊᅮ༪䌣䅵ߦˈ⹂ᅮ༪䌣ᯊ䯈ᅝᥦˈᇚ⹂ֱ༪䌣ܥ⦄ϡ㹿䘫ᖬDŽ༪䌣ⱘᅲᮑሲѢ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᓎ䆒䖛˄㡖˅ⱘ䚼ߚݙᆍDŽxড়㾘ᗻ˖Ҏਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦݙࣙᣀϔѯㄪ⬹ˈҹ䙉ᕾⳌ݇ⱘᬓᑰ㾘ᅮǃᎹӮড়ৠ݊Ҫ᮶ᅮⱘҎ䌘⑤ᬓㄪDŽxᅝܼ˖䩜ᇍᅝܼ䱤ᙷˈЎֱᡸಶ䯳៤ਬᅝܼ㗠ࠊᅮⱘᬓㄪᑣDŽᑨᇚ݊߫ᯢҎਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠݙDŽDŽ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ࢳҎਬࢳᣛ㦋পᅠ៤乍ⳂᎹ᠔䳔ⱘҎ䌘⑤DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᇍࢳⱘ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬϡϔᅮ᳝ࠊᴗDŽ䕧ܹᎹϢᡔᴃ䕧ߎ.1ӕϮ⦃๗㋴.1乘ߚ⌒.1乍ⳂҎਬߚ⌒ࠄԡ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2䇜߸.2䌘⑤ৃ⫼ᗻ.3㾦㡆㘠䋷.3ࢳ.3Ҏਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4乍Ⳃ㒘㒛.4㰮ᢳಶ䯳˄ᮄ˅.5Ҏਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ9-7˖Ҏਬࢳ˖䕧ܹǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ䕧ߎ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 209
бゴ 乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚ 乍Ⳃಶ䯳ࢳ˖䕧ܹ .1 ӕϮ⦃๗㋴乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬৃ㛑ᴹ㞾Ѣ㒘㒛䚼ݙ䚼DŽབᵰ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ৃᇍਬᎹⱘ㘬⫼䖯㸠ᕅડᣛᇐˈ߭ᑨ㗗㰥ϟ䗄㋴˖xৃ⫼ᗻ˖ાѯҎਬ᳝ᯊ䯈˛ԩᯊ᳝ᯊ䯈˛x㛑˖ҪӀ᳝ҔМ㛑˛x㒣偠˖ҪӀᰃ৺Ңџ䖛㉏ԐⳌ݇Ꮉ˛㸼⦄བԩ˛x݈䍷˖ҎӀᰃ৺ᜓᛣ䖭Ͼ乍ⳂϞᎹ˛x៤ᴀ˖乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬⱘ䝀ᇥ˛⡍߿ᰃབᵰҪӀᴹ㞾Ѣ㒘㒛䚼DŽ .2 㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻখϢ乍ⳂⱘϔϾ㒘㒛Ͼ㒘㒛ৃ㛑Ꮖ᳝ㅵ⧚Ҏਬߚ⌒ⱘᬓㄪǃᣛᇐᮍ䩜ᑣ˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽҎ䌘⑤䚼䮼гৃणࡽ䖯㸠乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬⱘࢳǃ㘬ܹ㘠䆁DŽ .3 㾦㡆㘠䋷㾦㡆㘠䋷⹂ᅮ乍Ⳃ᠔䳔㽕ⱘቫԡǃᡔ㛑㛑˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ .4 乍Ⳃ㒘㒛乍Ⳃ㒘㒛ৃὖᣀᰒ⼎乍Ⳃ᠔䳔ⱘҎ᭄˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ .5 Ҏਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦҎਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦৃ⬠ᅮ↣ԡ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬ䳔㽕Ꮉⱘᯊ䯈ҹঞ᳝݇Ҏਬࢳ᠔䳔ⱘ݊Ҫ䞡㽕ֵᙃ˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ 乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬࢳ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ .1 乘ߚ⌒ᶤѯᚙމϟˈ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬᏆ乘ܜߚ⌒ࠄ乍ⳂϞᎹDŽߎ⦄䖭⾡ᚙމⱘॳৃ㛑ᰃ⬅Ѣゲᷛ䖛Ёᡓ䇎ߚ⌒⡍ᅮҎਬ䖯㸠乍ⳂᎹˈ⬅Ѣ乍ⳂপއѢ⡍ᅮҎਬⱘϧ᳝ᡔ㛑ˈ⬅Ѣ乍ⳂゴЁ㾘ᅮњᶤѯҎਬⱘᎹߚ⌒DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2102004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.2 䇜߸᭄乍ⳂⱘҎਬߚ⌒䳔㽕㒣䖛䇜߸DŽ՟བˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳䳔㽕䖯㸠䇜߸ⱘᇍ䈵ࣙᣀ˖xϢ䋳䋷㘠㛑㒣⧚䇜߸ˈҹֱ䆕乍Ⳃ㾘ᅮᳳ䰤ݙ㦋ᕫ䎇ҹ㚰ӏⱘᎹҎਬˈᑊϨ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬৃ乍ⳂϞᎹⳈ㟇݊Ꮉӏࡵᅠ៤˗xϢᅲᮑ㒘㒛Ё݊ᅗ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳䇜߸ˈҹѝপ⿔㔎⡍⅞Ҏᠡᕫࠄড়⧚ߚ⌒DŽҎਬߚ⌒䇜߸Ёˈಶ䯳ⱘᕅડ㛑˄খⳟ㡖˅ϢⳌ݇㒘㒛ⱘ݇㋏ᄺϔḋˈ䍋ⴔ䞡㽕ⱘ⫼DŽ՟བˈϔϾ㘠㛑㒣⧚އᅮᡞϔԡ乍Ⳃ䛑ᡶⴔ㽕ⱘߎ㡆Ҏᠡߚ⌒㒭ાϔϾ乍ⳂᯊˈӮᴗ㸵Ң乍Ⳃ㛑㦋ᕫⱘད໘乍ⳂⱘⶹৡᑺDŽ .3 ࢳᅲᮑ㒘㒛㔎Уᅠ៤乍Ⳃ᠔䳔ⱘݙ䚼Ҏᠡᯊˈህ䳔㽕Ң䚼㦋ᕫ᠔䳔᳡ࡵ˄খ㾕㡖˅ˈࣙᣀ㘬⫼ߚࣙDŽ .4 㰮ᢳಶ䯳9㰮ᢳಶ䯳Ў乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬⱘࢳᦤկњᮄⱘৃ㛑ᗻDŽ㰮ᢳಶ䯳ৃ㹿ᅮНЎ᳝݅ৠⳂᷛᑊϨᅠ៤㾦㡆ӏࡵ䖛ЁᴀϞᅠܼ≵᳝䴶ᇍ䴶Ꮉⱘϔ㒘ҎਬDŽ⬉ᄤ䗮ֵ䆒ᮑˈ՟བ˖⬉ᄤ䚂ӊ㾚乥Ӯ䆂ㄝˈ䛑Փ㰮ᢳಶ䯳៤Ўৃ㛑DŽ䗮䖛㰮ᢳಶ䯳ᓣ˖xৃҹ㒘ᓎϔϾৠϔ㒘㒛ᎹԚᎹഄ⚍कߚߚᬷⱘಶ䯳˗xৃҹЎ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ࡴ⡍⅞ⱘᡔ㛑ϧϮⶹ䆚ˈेՓϧᆊϡৠϔഄ⧚ऎඳ˗xৃҹᡞᆊࡲ݀ⱘਬᎹ㒇ܹ㰮ᢳಶ䯳˗x⬅ϡৠ⧁㒘(ᮽǃЁǃ)ⱘਬᎹ㒘ᓎ㰮ᢳಶ䯳˗xᡞ㸠ࡼϡ֓ⱘҎ㒇ܹ㰮ᢳಶ䯳˗xᅲᮑᴀᴹ⬅ѢᏂᮙ䌍⫼䖛催㗠㹿ᗑ⬹ⱘ乍ⳂDŽ㰮ᢳಶ䯳ⱘᚙމϟˈ≳䗮㾘ߦ˄খ㾕㡖˅ህ䍞ᰒᕫࡴ䞡㽕DŽৃ㛑䳔㽕乱ᯊ䯈ҹ䆒ᅮᯢ⹂ⱘⳂᷛǃࠊᅮކさ㾷އᴎࠊǃী䲚ҎਬখϢއㄪ䖛ǃ݅ѿ៤ࡳⱘ㤷䁝DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 211
бゴ 乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚ 乍Ⳃಶ䯳ࢳ˖䕧ߎ.1乍ⳂҎਬߚ⌒ࠄԡᔧᙄᔧⱘҎਬᏆৃ䴴ഄߚ⌒ࠄᣛᅮቫԡϞᯊˈ乍ⳂⱘҎਬ䜡ेਞᅠ៤DŽⳌ݇᭛ӊࣙᣀ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ৡᔩˈߚথ㒭乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬⱘᖬᔩˈᑊᇚಶ䯳៤ਬⱘৡᄫᦦܹࠄ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ݊ᅗ䚼ߚЁˈ՟བ˖乍Ⳃ㒘㒛ᴎᵘ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦDŽ.2䌘⑤ৃ⫼ᗻ䌘⑤ৃ⫼ᗻ䆄ᔩњ乍Ⳃಶ䯳↣ৡ៤ਬ乍ⳂϞৃᎹⱘᯊ䯈DŽࠊᅮৃ䴴ⱘ᳔㒜䖯ᑺ䅵ߦ˄খ㾕㡖˅পއѢ䕗དഄњ㾷↣Ͼ៤ਬᯊ䯈ᅝᥦϞⱘކさˈࣙᣀӥ؛ᯊ䯈ᡓ䇎㒭݊ᅗ乍Ⳃⱘᯊ䯈DŽ.3Ҏਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅⬅ԧҎਬᡓᢙ乍Ⳃ㾦㡆㘠䋷ৢˈЎҎӀᕜᇥ㛑ᅠܼヺড়㾘ߦⱘҎਬ䜡㕂㽕∖ˈℸৃᘽࡳ㛑䳔㽕ᇍҎਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䖯㸠ব˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽᬍবҎਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘ݊ᅗॳ䖬ࣙᣀᰟछǃ䗔ӥǃ⮒⮙ǃ㒽ᬜ䯂乬ব࣪ⱘᎹ䋳㥋DŽಶ䯳ᓎ䆒乍Ⳃಶ䯳ⱘᓎ䆒ᦤ催乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬⱘ㛑ѸѦ⫼ҹᦤ催乍Ⳃ㒽ᬜDŽ݊Ⳃⱘࣙᣀ˖xᦤ催乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬⱘᡔ㛑ˈҹ֓ᦤ催݊ᅠ៤乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼⱘ㛑˗xᦤ催ಶ䯳៤ਬП䯈ⱘֵӏᛳޱ㘮ˈҹ䗮䖛ⱘಶ䯳णᦤ催⫳ѻDŽ᳝ᬜಶ䯳णᎹⱘ⼎՟ࣙᣀᎹ䋳㥋༅㸵ᯊˈѦⳌᐂࡽˈҹヺড়㞾أདⱘᮍᓣ䖯㸠Ѹ⌕ˈߚѿֵᙃ䌘⑤DŽབᵰ㛑ሑᮽᓔሩ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ⱘᓎ䆒⌏ࡼˈᇚӮ㦋ᕫⱘᬊⲞˈԚᰃˈᑨ䌃こ乍Ⳃⱘྟ㒜DŽᎹϢᡔᴃ䕧ܹ䕧ߎ.1乍ⳂҎਬߚ⌒.1䗮⫼ㅵ⧚ᡔ㛑.1ಶ䯳㒽ᬜ䆘Ԅ.2Ҏਬ䜡ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2䆁.3䌘⑤ৃ⫼ᗻ.3ಶ䯳ᓎ䆒⌏ࡼ.4㾘߭.5䲚Ёࡲ݀.6༪ࢅϢ㸼ᕄ9-8˖ಶ䯳ᓎ䆒˖䕧ܹǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ䕧ߎ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2122004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ಶ䯳ᓎ䆒˖䕧ܹ .1 乍ⳂҎਬߚ⌒ಶ䯳ᓎ䆒佪ܜҢ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬ⏙ऩᓔྟDŽ乍ⳂҎਬߚ⌒᭛ӊ˄খ㾕㡖˅⹂ᅮњ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ЁⱘҎਬDŽ .2 Ҏਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦҎਬ䜡ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄খ㾕㡖˅ࣙ䆁ㄪ⬹ҹঞ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ⱘᓎ䆒䅵ߦDŽ䱣ⴔ乍Ⳃⱘ䖯ሩˈḍϡᮁ䖯㸠ⱘಶ䯳㒽ᬜ䆘Ԅ˄খ㾕㡖˅݊ᅗᔶᓣⱘ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ㅵ⧚˄খ㾕㡖˅ˈৃ䅵ߦЁࡴܹ༪ࢅǃড作ǃ乱䆁ᚽ៦ᮑDŽ .3 䌘⑤ৃ⫼ᗻ䌘⑤ৃ⫼ᗻֵᙃ˄খ㾕㡖˅䇈ᯢњ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬ㛑খࡴಶ䯳ᓎ䆒⌏ࡼⱘᯊ䯈DŽ ಶ䯳ᓎ䆒˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ9 .1 䗮⫼ㅵ⧚ᡔ㛑Ҏ䰙݇㋏ᡔ㛑˄খ㾕㡖˅ˈ᳝ᯊ㹿⿄ЎĀ䕃ᡔ㛑āˈᇍѢಶ䯳ᓎ䆒ᵕ݊䞡㽕DŽ䗮䖛њ㾷乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬⱘᛳᚙǃ乘⌟݊㸠ࡼǃњ㾷݊ৢ乒Пᖻǃᑊሑᐂࡽ㾷އ䯂乬ˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ৃޣᇥ咏⚺ᑊ֗䖯ড়DŽ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ㅵ⧚䖛Ёˈᕅડǃ߯䗴ǃಶ䯳णৠㄝᰃकߚ䞡㽕ⱘϔ乍䌘ѻDŽ .2 䆁䆁ࣙᣀ᠔᳝ᮼᦤ催乍Ⳃಶ䯳㛑ⱘ⌏ࡼDŽ䆁ৃҹᰃℷᓣⱘгৃҹᰃ䴲ℷᓣⱘˈ䆁ᮍ⊩ⱘ՟ᄤࣙᣀ˖䇒ූ䆁ǃ㒓䆁ǃ䅵ㅫᴎ䕙ࡽ䆁ǃ⬅乍Ⳃಶ䯳݊Ҫ៤ਬᦤկⱘ㘠䆁ǃᣛᇐ䕙ᇐㄝϡৠᮍᓣⱘ䆁DŽབᵰ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬ㔎Уᖙ㽕ⱘㅵ⧚㗙ᡔᴃᡔ㛑ˈ߭ৃᡞ䖭⾡ᡔ㛑ⱘݏЎ乍ⳂᎹⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽ䅵ߦ䆁ৃҹᣝ✻᮶ᅮⱘҎਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦᅲᮑˈ䴲䅵ߦᗻ䆁߭ৃḍ㾖ᆳˈѸ䇜乍Ⳃ㒽ᬜ䆘Ԅ㾚䳔㽕㗠ᅮDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 213
бゴ 乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚ .3 ಶ䯳ᓎ䆒⌏ࡼಶ䯳ᓎ䆒⌏ࡼ᮶ৃҹᰃᅮᳳВ㸠ⱘᚙމ∛ӮϞⱘѨߚ䩳䆂ǃгৃҹᰃഎഄП⬅ϧϮҎㅍࡲⱘ⌏ࡼˈ䛑ᮼᬍҎ䰙݇㋏DŽ᳝ѯಶ䯳⌏ࡼˈ՟བࠊᅮᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘˈ㱑✊݊߱㹋ᑊϡᰃЎњಶ䯳ᓎ䆒ˈԚᰃབᵰ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ㛑ᅝᥦ㒘㒛ᕫᔧˈ߭гӮᦤ催ಶ䯳ⱘޱ㘮DŽ哧ࢅ䴲ℷᓣⱘ≳䗮⌏ࡼгᕜ䞡㽕ˈЎ䴲ℷᓣⱘ≳䗮⌏ࡼᇍᓎゟֵӏ㡃དᎹ݇㋏ഛ㛑䍋ࠄ⫼DŽབᵰಶ䯳៤ਬߚᬷഄᔶ៤㰮ᢳಶ䯳䖤ˈ㗠᮴⊩䖯㸠䴶ᇍ䴶Ѹ⌕ˈ߭ಶ䯳ᓎ䆒ⱘㄪ⬹ᇚᇸׅӋؐDŽ .4 㾘߭㾘߭⬠ᅮњᇍ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬⱘৃফ㸠Ўⱘᯢ⹂ᳳᳯDŽሑᮽ䙉ᕾ䖭ѯᯢ⹂ⱘ㾘߭ˈৃޣᇥ䇃㾷ǃᦤ催⫳ѻDŽ䅼䆎㾘߭ⱘ䖛Ёಶ䯳៤ਬ㛑ⳌѦП䯈থ⦄ᇍᮍ䅸Ў䞡㽕ⱘӋؐ㾖DŽ㾘߭ϔᮺࠊᅮˈಶ䯳᠔᳝៤ਬ䛑᳝䋷ӏᠻ㸠㾘߭DŽ .5 䲚Ёࡲ݀䲚Ёࡲ݀ᣛᡞ᠔᳝㗙Т᠔᳔᳝⌏䎗ⱘ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬᅝᥦৠϔഄ⚍ᎹˈҹᔎҪӀᭈԧᎹⱘ㛑DŽ䲚Ёࡲ݀᮶ৃҹᰃЈᯊᗻⱘˈ՟བҙ乍ⳂЁⱘ݇䬂ᯊᳳˈгৃҹ䌃こᭈϾ乍Ⳃ䖛ⱘྟ㒜DŽ䲚Ёࡲ݀⬹ᐌࣙᣀϔϾӮ䆂ᅸˈ᳝ᯊ⿄ᅸˈ݊Ё䆒᳝⬉ᄤ䗮䆃䆒ˈ䌈ᣖ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦⱘഄᮍ݊ᅗ߽֓䆒ᮑǃҹࡴᔎ≳䗮ݏ䲚ԧᛳDŽሑㅵ䲚Ёࡲ݀㹿㾚Ўᰃϔ⾡䕗དⱘ⬹ˈԚᰃ㰮ᢳಶ䯳ⱘՓ⫼ᇚޣᇥಶ䯳៤ਬৠഄࡲ݀ⱘ乥⥛DŽ .6 ༪ࢅϢ㸼ᕄಶ䯳ᓎ䆒䖛ⱘϔ䚼ߚݙᆍ⍝ঞ༪ࢅ㸼ᕄ㡃དⱘ㸠ЎDŽ݇Ѣ༪ࢅϢ㸼ᕄᮍ⊩ⱘ᳔߱䅵ߦҎ䌘⑤㾘ߦ䖛Ё˄খ㾕㡖˅Ꮖ㒣ࠊᅮDŽㅵ⧚ಶ䯳៤ਬ䖛Ёˈ䗮䖛㒽ᬜ㗗Ḍˈҹℷᓣ䴲ℷᓣᮍᓣއᅮ㸼ᕄ༪ࢅ˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽᑨা༪ࢅӬ㡃ⱘ㸠ЎDŽ՟བˈЎᅠ៤ϔ乍▔䖯ⱘ䖯ᑺⳂᷛ㗠㞾ᜓࡴ⧁ࡴ⚍ⱘ㸠Ўᑨᔧফࠄ༪ࢅϢ㸼ᕄ˗㗠䅵ߦϡ਼᠔䗴៤ⱘࡴ⧁ࡴ⚍߭ϡᑨᔧফࠄ༪ࢅϢ㸼ᕄDŽ䌶ˉ䕧˄䳊˅༪ࢅࠊᑺˈা༪ࢅЎ᭄ᕜᇥⱘಶ䯳៤ਬˈ՟བ˖ᴀ᳔᳜Շಶ䯳៤ਬㄝˈӮ⸈ണಶ䯳ⱘޱ㘮DŽ㗠䌶-䌶ᔶᓣⱘ༪ࢅࠊᑺˈ༪ࢅಶ䯳៤ਬ䛑ৃᅲ⦄ⱘ㸠Ўˈ՟བ˖ঞᯊᦤѸ䖯ᑺਞㄝˈৃᦤ催ಶ䯳៤ਬП䯈ⱘⳌѦᬃᣕDŽ༪ࢅϢ㸼ᕄࠊᑺ䖬ᖙ乏㗗㰥᭛࣪ⱘᏂᓖDŽ՟བˈϔϾᦤϾҎЏНⱘ᭛࣪㚠᱃Ёᅲᮑϔ༫ᙄᔧⱘ䲚ԧ༪ࢅࠊᑺᰃकߚೄ䲒ⱘDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2142004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ಶ䯳ᓎ䆒ⱘ䕧ߎ .1 ಶ䯳㒽ᬜ䆘Ԅ䱣ⴔಶ䯳ᓎ䆒Ꮉ˄䇌བ˖䆁ǃಶ䯳ᓎ䆒䲚Ёࡲ݀ㄝ˅ⱘᅲᮑˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᇚᇍ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ⱘᬜ䖯㸠ℷᓣ䴲ℷᓣⱘ䆘ԄDŽ᳝ᬜⱘಶ䯳ᓎ䆒ㄪ⬹⌏ࡼᇚᦤ催ಶ䯳ⱘ㒽ᬜˈ㗠ˈৃҹᦤ催ᅲ⦄乍ⳂⳂᷛⱘὖ⥛DŽಶ䯳ᬜⱘ䆘Ԅৃ㗗㰥ҹϟ乍ᣛᷛ˗ಶ䯳ⱘ㒽ᬜᬍ䖯ৃҹᴹ㞾Ͼ⏴䘧ˈ㗠Ϩৃᕅડ乍Ⳃ㒽ᬜⱘ䆌ᮍ䴶DŽ՟བ˖xᡔ㛑ⱘᬍ䖯Ң㗠ՓᶤϾϾҎ᳝ᬜഄᅠ៤᠔ߚ⌒ⱘӏࡵ˗x㛑ᚙᛳᮍ䴶ⱘᬍ䖯ˈҢ㗠֗Փಶ䯳ЎᭈԧᎹᕫད˗xಶ䯳៤ਬ⌕ࡼᗻ䰡ԢDŽಶ䯳ㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ㅵ⧚㋏ᣛ䎳䏾ಶ䯳៤ਬ㒽ᬜǃᦤկড作ǃ㾷އ䯂乬ᑊण䇗⾡বˈҹᦤ催乍Ⳃ㒽ᬜDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᇚ㾖ᆳಶ䯳ⱘ㸠Ўǃㅵ⧚ކさǃ㾷އ䯂乬ˈҹঞ䆘Ԅಶ䯳៤ਬⱘ㒽ᬜDŽᅲᮑಶ䯳ㅵ⧚ৢˈᑨᇚ乍ⳂҎਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䖯㸠ᮄǃ9ᦤߎব䇋∖ǃᅲ⦄䯂乬ⱘ㾷އˈৠᯊˈЎ㒘㒛㒽ᬜ䡈ᅮᦤկ䕧ܹˈ㒘㒛ⱘ᭄ᑧࡴњᮄⱘ㒣偠ᬭ䆁DŽⶽ䰉ᔶⱘ㒘㒛㒧ᵘЁ˄খ㾕㡖˅ˈಶ䯳៤ਬ᮶ᇍ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚䋳䋷জᇍ㘠㛑㒣⧚䋳䋷ˈℸಶ䯳ⱘㅵ⧚ᇚकߚᴖDŽᇍ䖭⾡ঠ䞡∛݇㋏ⱘ᳝ᬜㅵ⧚䗮ᐌᰃ乍Ⳃ៤ࡳⱘ݇䬂㋴ˈ䗮ᐌ⬅乍Ⳃ㒣⧚䋳䋷DŽ䕧ܹᎹϢᡔᴃ䕧ߎ.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.1㾖ᆳϢѸ䇜.1ব䇋∖.2乍ⳂҎਬⱘߚ⌒.2乍Ⳃ㒽ᬜ䆘Ԅ.2㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.3㾦㡆㘠䋷.3ކさㅵ⧚.3㤤ⱘ乘䰆㸠ࡼ.4乍Ⳃ㒘㒛.4䯂乬ⱏ䆄㈓.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.5Ҏਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.5乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.6ಶ䯳㒽ᬜ㗗Ḍ.7Ꮉ㒽ᬜֵᙃ.8㒽ᬜਞ9-9˖乍Ⳃಶ䯳ㅵ⧚˖䕧ܹǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ䕧ߎ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 215
бゴ 乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚ ಶ䯳ㅵ⧚˖䕧ܹ .1 㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ乍Ⳃ䖯ሩ䖛Ёˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᑨ߽⫼㒘㒛ⱘᬓㄪǃᑣ㋏㒳ᇍಶ䯳䖯㸠༪ࢅ㸼ᕄ˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽЎ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛ⱘϔ䚼ߚˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᑨৃҹ䗮䖛㒘㒛ⱘ㸼ᕄᰮᆈǃ㸼ᕄ䆕кǃㅔǃ݀ਞᷣǃ㔥キǃ༪䞥㒧ᵘǃӕϮ᳡佄㒘㒛ⱘ݊ᅗ⋹䌈ᴎࠊᇍಶ䯳䖯㸠༪ࢅDŽ .2 乍ⳂҎਬⱘߚ⌒乍ⳂҎਬⱘߚ⌒˄খ㾕㡖˅Ў乍Ⳃⲥ䖛ⱘ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬ䆘Ԅᦤկњ៤ਬ⏙ऩDŽ .3 㾦㡆㘠䋷ਬᎹ㾦㡆㘠䋷⏙ऩ˄খ㾕㡖˅⫼ᴹⲥⴷᑊ㗗ḌਬᎹ㒽ᬜDŽ .4 乍Ⳃ㒘㒛ᴎᵘ乍Ⳃ㒘㒛ᴎᵘ˄খ㾕㡖˅ሩ⼎њ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬП䯈ⱘ∛݇㋏DŽ .5 Ҏਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦҎਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄খ㾕㡖˅߫ᯢњ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬ乍ⳂϞᎹⱘᯊ䯈↉ˈҹঞⳌ݇ⱘ䆁䅵ߦǃ䌘䋼䳔∖ড়㾘ᗻֵᙃDŽ .6 ಶ䯳㒽ᬜ䆘Ԅ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ҹℷᓣ䴲ℷᓣⱘᔶᓣᇍ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ⱘ㒽ᬜ䖯㸠ϡᮁⱘ䆘Ԅ˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ䗮䖛ϡᮁഄ㗗Ḍ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ⱘ㒽ᬜˈৃ䞛পᮑ㾷އ䯂乬ǃᬍব≳䗮ᮍᓣǃ㾷އކさᑊᦤ催៤ਬ䯈ⱘѸѦ⫼DŽ .7 Ꮉ㒽ᬜֵᙃЎᣛᇐǃㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᅲᮑ䖛ⱘϔ䚼ߚݙᆍ˄খ㾕㡖˅ˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳Ⳉ䱣ᯊ㾖ᆳಶ䯳៤ਬⱘ㒽ᬜDŽᇍಶ䯳䖯㸠ㅵ⧚ᯊˈᑨ㗗㰥㾖ᆳϟ߫Ⳍ݇㸠Ўˈ՟བ˖Ӯ䆂ߎࢸǃᇍ㸠ࡼᮍḜⱘ㨑ᅲǃ≳䗮ⱘᰃ৺⏙ἮㄝDŽ .8 㒽ᬜਞ㒽ᬜਞ˄খ㾕㡖˅ҹ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦЎখ✻ᷛޚˈᦤկ㒽ᬜᮍ䴶ⱘֵᙃDŽ᳝ࡽѢ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ㅵ⧚ⱘ㒽ᬜ乚ඳࣙᣀˈᴹ㞾䖯ᑺ䅵ߦࠊǃ䌍⫼ࠊǃ䋼䞣ࠊǃ㣗ೈḌᅲ䞛䌁ᅵ䅵ⱘ㒧ᵰDŽ㒽ᬜਞⱘֵᙃҹঞⳌ݇乘⌟ֵᙃᇚ᳝ࡽѢ⹂ᅮᴹⱘҎ䌘⑤䳔∖ǃ༪ࢅ㸼ᕄҹঞᇍҎਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘᮄDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2162004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ಶ䯳ㅵ⧚˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ .1 㾖ᆳѸ䇜䗮䖛㾖ᆳѸ䇜ৃᯊࠏњ㾷乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬⱘᎹᚙމᗕᑺDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᇚⲥ⌟Ⳍ݇ⱘᣛᷛˈ՟བ˖乍ⳂᑨѸҬ៤ᵰⱘ䖯ሩᚙމǃಶ䯳៤ਬᓩҹЎ䈾ⱘ៤ህҹঞҎ䰙݇㋏䯂乬DŽ .2 乍Ⳃ㒽ᬜ㗗Ḍ䞛⫼ℷᓣ䖬ᰃ䴲ℷᓣ乍Ⳃ㒽ᬜ㗗ḌপއѢ乍ⳂᎹᳳ䭓ⷁǃᴖᑺǃ㒘㒛ᬓㄪǃࢇࡼড়ৠⱘ㽕∖ҹঞᅮᳳ≳䗮ⱘ᭄䞣䋼䞣DŽ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬҢ݊Џㅵ㦋ᕫড作DŽ䆘Ԅ䌘᭭гৃ䞛⫼360ᑺড作ⱘᮍ⊩ˈҢϢ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬѸᕔⱘ݊ᅗҎ䙷䞠ᬊ䲚Ⳍ݇ⱘ㗗ḌֵᙃDŽĀ360ᑺā㋏ᣛҢ⾡ϡৠⱘ⏴䘧ˈ՟བ˖Ϟ㑻乚ᇐǃৠ㑻ৠџϟሲҎਬˈ㦋ᕫᶤҎ㒽ᬜᚙމⱘড作ֵᙃDŽ乍Ⳃ䖛Ё䖯㸠㒽ᬜ㗗ḌⱘⳂᷛѢ䞡ᮄ⹂ᅮ㾦㡆㘠䋷ǃᅝᥦ⡍ᅮⱘᯊ䯈㋻ᓴ㐕ᴖⱘ⦃๗ϟЎಶ䯳៤ਬᦤկ⿃ᵕⱘড作ǃথᥬⶹ㾷އⱘ䯂乬ǃࠊᅮϾҎ䆁䅵ߦᑊЎᇚᴹ䰊↉ࠊᅮԧⱘⳂᷛDŽ9 .3 ކさㅵ⧚៤ࡳⱘކさㅵ⧚ৃҹᦤ催⫳ѻᑊ֗䖯⿃ᵕⱘᎹ݇㋏DŽކさⱘᴹ⑤ࣙᣀ䌘⑤ंУǃ䖯ᑺᅝᥦⱘܜৢ乎ᑣϾҎᎹ亢ḐㄝDŽಶ䯳㾘߭ǃಶ䯳㾘㣗ǃ៤❳ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᛃ՟˄՟བ˖≳䗮㾘ߦ㾦㡆⬠ᅮ˅ৃޣᇥކさDŽབᵰᕫҹ䗖ᔧㅵ⧚ˈᛣ㾕ߚ℻ᇚ乛᳝Ⲟ໘ˈৃᦤ催߯䗴خߎདⱘއᅮDŽབᵰ䖭⾡ߚ℻៤Ў䋳䴶ᕅડⱘ㋴ˈ佪ܜᑨ⬅ಶ䯳៤ਬ䋳䋷㾷އⳌѦ䯈ⱘކさˈབᵰކさछ㑻ˈ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ᑨणࡽ֗៤⒵ᛣⱘ㒧ሔDŽᑨ䆹ঞᮽ໘⧚ކさˈᑊᑨ⾕ϟ߽⫼Ⳉǃড়ⱘᮍᓣ໘⧚ކさDŽབᵰ⸈ണᗻⱘކさ㒻㓁ᄬˈ߭䳔㽕Փ⫼Ўℷᓣⱘ⊩ˈࣙᣀ䞛পᚽ៦ᮑDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 217
бゴ 乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚ .4 䯂乬ⱏ䆄㈓乍Ⳃಶ䯳ㅵ⧚䖛ˈབߎ⦄䯂乬ˈৃк䴶ⱘⱏ䆄㈓䆄ᔩ䋳䋷㾷އ⡍ᅮ䯂乬ⱘҎਬҹঞ䯂乬㾷އⱘ㽕∖᮹ᳳDŽ䯂乬ⱏ䆄㈓᳝ࡽѢಶ䯳៤ਬⲥ䯂乬ⱘ䖯ሩˈⳈ㟇䯂乬㾷އDŽ䯂乬ⱘ㾷އৃ⍜䰸䰏ℶಶ䯳ᅲ⦄Ⳃᷛⱘ⾡䱰DŽ䖭ѯ䱰ৃࣙᣀᛣ㾕ߚቤǃ䳔䇗ᶹⱘᚙމǃ䳔ߚ⌒㒭ᶤϾ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬⱘ乘㾕ⱘᮄߎ⦄ⱘ㘠䋷DŽ ಶ䯳ㅵ⧚˖䕧ߎ .1 䇋∖ⱘবҎਬ䜡㕂ⱘব࣪ˈ᮴䆎ᰃ㞾Џ䗝ᢽⱘ䖬ᰃ⬅Ѣ᮴⊩ࠊⱘџӊ䗴៤ⱘˈ䛑Ӯᕅડ乍Ⳃ䅵ߦⱘ݊ᅗ䚼ߚDŽབᵰҎਬ䜡㕂䯂乬ᕅડࠄ乍Ⳃ䅵ߦˈ՟བˈ䗴៤䖯ᑺᢪᳳ乘ㅫ䍙ᬃˈৃ䗮䖛ᭈԧবࠊ䖛˄খ㾕㡖˅ᇍব䇋∖䖯㸠໘⧚DŽ .2 㤤ⱘ㑴ℷᮑҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼৃࣙᣀᬍবҎਬ䜡㕂ǃᦤկ乱ⱘ䆁ǃ䞛পᚽ៦ᮑㄝDŽᬍবҎਬ䜡㕂ࣙᣀ䇗ᭈӏࡵⱘߚ⌒ǃᇍϔѯᎹ䖯㸠ࣙǃᑊᤶᏆ㒣⾏㘠ⱘҎਬDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳гއᅮԩᯊǃབԩѢಶ䯳㒽ᬜ䖯㸠༪ࢅ㸼ᕄDŽ .3 㤤ⱘ乘䰆ᮑ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳䆚߿┰ℷᲈ䴆ⱘҎ䌘⑤䯂乬ৢˈৃࠊᅮ乘䰆ᗻ㸠ࡼᮍḜˈ䯂乬ᅲ䰙থ⫳ࠡˈ䰡Ԣ䯂乬থ⫳ⱘὖ⥛ˋᕅડDŽ乘䰆ᗻ㸠ࡼৃࣙᣀ䖯㸠Ѹঝ䆁ˈҹ֓៤ਬ㔎ࢸᯊˈৃҹ᳓ҷᎹ㗠䙓ܡ䯂乬˗䖯㸠乱ⱘ㾦㡆╘⏙ˈҹ⹂ֱ᠔᳝㘠䋷䛑ᕫҹᅲᮑ˗ҹঞ乘㾕ࠄ乱ⱘᎹ䞣ᯊࡴϾҎᯊ䯈ˈҹ⹂ᎹᳳDŽ .4 㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅x㒘㒛㒽ᬜ㗗Ḍⱘ䕧ܹ˖乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬᑨЎ㒘㒛ⱘ՟㸠㒽ᬜ㗗Ḍᦤկ䕧ֵܹᙃˈҹ֓㒘㒛ᇍϢ᳝݊乥㐕Ѹᕔⱘӏԩ݊Ҫಶ䯳៤ਬ䖯㸠㗗ḌDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2182004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
x㒣偠ᬭ䆁䆄ᔩ˖乍ⳂЁ≆পⱘ㒣偠ᬭ䆁䛑ᑨќҹ䆄ᔩˈՓП៤Ў㒘㒛ग़᭄ᑧⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽҎ䌘⑤乚ඳⱘ㒣偠ᬭ䆁ࣙᣀ˖iৃҹЎᵓ᭛ӊֱᄬⱘ乍Ⳃ㒘㒛ǃቫԡᦣ䗄ǃҎਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˗i⡍߿㸠П᳝ᬜⱘ㾘߭ǃކさㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩ǃ༪ࢅ㸼ᕄ⌏ࡼ˗i㒣ᅲ䰙䆕ᯢ៤ࡳⱘ㰮ᢳಶ䯳⊩ǃ䲚Ёࡲ݀⊩ǃ䇜߸ǃ䆁ᮍ⊩ಶ䯳ᓎ䆒ᮍ⊩˗i乍Ⳃᳳ䯈থ⦄ⱘಶ䯳៤ਬⱘ⡍⅞ᡔ㛑㛑˗i乍Ⳃ䯂乬ⱏ䆄㈓ݙ䆄ᔩⱘ䯂乬㾷އࡲ⊩DŽ .5 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅㒣ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ䛑ৃᇐ㟈Ў乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘҎਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘᮄDŽ䅵ߦᮄⱘݙᆍࣙᣀˈ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬⱘᮄ㾦㡆ǃ乱ⱘ䆁༪ࢅǃ㸼ᕄއᅮDŽ9®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 219
कゴ乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚䖭ϔⶹ䆚乚ඳࣙᣀֱ䆕ঞᯊϢᙄᔧഄ⫳៤ǃ᧰䲚ǃӴ᪁ǃ䌂ᄬ,Ẕ㋶,Ϣ᳔㒜໘㕂乍Ⳃֵᙃ᠔䳔ⱘ䖛DŽᅗҎਬϢֵᙃП䯈ᦤկপᕫ៤ࡳ᠔ᖙ乏ⱘ݇䬂㘨㋏DŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚䳔㽕㢅䌍ᕜⱘᯊ䯈Ϣ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ǃᅶ᠋ǃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙乍Ⳃথ䍋Ҏ䖯㸠≳䗮DŽ↣ϾখϢ乍ⳂⱘҎ䛑ᑨ䅸䆚ࠄҪӀЎϾҎ᠔খϢⱘ≳䗮ᇍ乍Ⳃᭈԧ᳝ԩᕅડDŽ10-1᠔⼎Ў乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚䖛ⱘὖ䉠ˈ10-2᠔⼎Ў᠔᳝䖭ѯ䖛ǃঞ݊ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰঞ݊ҪⳌ݇ⶹ䆚乚ඳ䖛ⱘ⌕DŽ乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚䖛ࣙᣀ˖≳䗮㾘ߦ–⹂ᅮ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ᇍֵᙃϢ≳䗮ⱘ䳔∖DŽֵᙃথᏗ–ᇚ᠔䳔ֵᙃঞᯊᦤկ㒭乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙DŽ 㒽ᬜਞ–᧰䲚ϢӴ᪁乍Ⳃⱘ㒽ᬜֵᙃˈࣙᣀ⢊މਞǃ䖯ሩ䞣ᑺঞ乘⌟DŽ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘㅵ⧚–ᇍ≳䗮䖯㸠ㅵ⧚ˈҹ⒵䎇乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ䳔∖˗ᑊϢ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ϔ䍋㾷އ䯂乬DŽϞ䗄䖛ϡҙᕐℸѸѦ⫼ˈ㗠Ϩ䖬Ϣ݊ᅗⶹ䆚乚ඳЁⱘ⾡⾡䖛ѸѦ⫼DŽḍ乍Ⳃ䳔㽕ˈ↣Ͼ䖛ৃ㛑⍝ঞϔϾϾϾҎ㗙䲚ԧ᠔ҬߎⱘࡾDŽ↣Ͼ䖛↣Ͼ乍ⳂЁ㟇ᇥߎ⦄ϔˈᑊৃ乍ⳂϔϾϾ䰊↉˄བᵰ乍Ⳃ㹿ߦߚЎϾ䰊↉˅Ёߎ⦄DŽ㱑✊ᴀゴЁˈ≳䗮䖛㹿ᦣ䗄៤⋒␁ߚᯢⱘ⣀ゟ㒘៤䚼ߚˈԚᅲ䏉ЁˈᅗӀैৃ㛑Ѹ䗁ⳌѦ⫼ˈ݊ԧᮍᓣᴀゴϡᢳ䆺䗄DŽ݇Ѣ䖛䯈ѸѦ⫼ⱘ䆺㒚䅼䆎ˈ䇋খⳟϝゴDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 221
कゴ 乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚ֵᙃথᏗ≳䗮㾘ߦ.1ձ.1ձ.1ӕϮ⦃๗㋴.1≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.1≳䗮ᡔ㛑.4乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2ֵᙃᬊ䲚Ẕ㋶㋏㒳xࠊ㑺ᴵӊ.3ֵᙃথᏗ㋏㒳x؛䆒.4㒣偠ᬭ䆁ᘏ㒧䖛.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.3៤ᵰ.1≳䗮㽕∖ߚᵤ.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.3៤ᵰ.2ব䇋∖.1≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㒽ᬜਞ ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ㅵ⧚.1ձ.1Ꮉ㒽ᬜֵᙃ.1ձ.2㒽ᬜ䞣ᑺ.1≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.3乘⌟シᎹ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.4䋼䞣ࠊ䞣ᑺ㒧ᵰ.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.5乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ㒽ᬜ㸵䞣ޚ.1≳䗮ᮍ⊩.6ᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖.2䯂乬䆄ᔩऩ.7ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ.3៤ᵰ.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1䯂乬ᕫҹ㾷އ.1ֵᙃⓨ⼎Ꮉ.2ᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖.2㒽ᬜֵᙃᬊ䲚∛ᘏ.3ᅵᅮⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.3⢊ᗕᅵᶹӮ.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.4Ꮉᯊ∛㋏㒳.5乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.5៤ᴀ∛㋏㒳.3៤ᵰ.1㒽ᬜਞ.2乘⌟.3ব䇋∖.4㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ10-1˖乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚ὖ䉠 ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2222004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ᓔথ乍Ⳃ≳䗮ᡔᴃ≳䗮䅵ߦ㾘ߦ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦㅵ⧚䅵ߦӕϮ⦃๗㋴ () () 㒣偠ᬭ䆁ǃⶹ䆚ᑧǃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦग़ֵᙃ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻᡍޚⱘব䳔∖ǃ㣗ೈᅮН乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢᡍޚⱘ㑴䫭ᮑ() ֵᙃথᏗ () 䳔∖বᖙ乏ⱘবᓎ䆂ⱘ㑴䫭ᮑᣛᇐㅵ⧚㒽ᬜਞ10Ꮉ㒽ᬜֵᙃ乍Ⳃᅲᮑ () ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ() ᡍޚⱘব䳔∖㒽ᬜਞ乘≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ߽ᆇ݇㋏ⴔ乍Ⳃᬊሒ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅˄ᮄ˅ᭈড়ⱘবࠊㅵ⧚ () ⏙᱄ⱘ䯂乬乍Ⳃㅵ⧚() () 䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅⊼˖ᴀ㛑ড᠔᳝䖛П䯈ⱘѸѦ⫼ֵᙃ⌕ࡼ10-2˖乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚䖛⌕ ≳䗮ᡔ㛑ৠ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚≳䗮Ⳍ݇ˈԚᑊϡⳌৠDŽ≳䗮ᰃ㣗ೈ⫮ᑓⱘ乬Ⳃˈ⍝ঞࠄⳌᔧᑲⱘⶹ䆚ԧ㋏DŽ՟བ˖xথ䗕ᬊᓣDŽড作ಲ䏃ˈ≳䗮䱰ㄝㄝDŽxၦҟⱘ䗝ᢽDŽԩᯊ⫼к䴶ᮍᓣ≳䗮ˈԩᯊҹষ༈ᮍᓣѸ⌕˗ԩᯊкݭ䴲ℷᓣᖬᔩˈԩᯊ㤝ᢳℷᓣਞ˗ԩᯊ䖯㸠䴶ᇍ䴶≳䗮ˈԩᯊ䗮䖛⬉ᄤ䚂ӊ≳䗮DŽၦҟⱘ䗝ᢽপއѢԧᚙމDŽxݭ亢ḐDŽЏࡼ㹿ࡼ䇁ᗕˈহᄤ㒧ᵘˈ⫼䆡䗝ᢽㄝㄝDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 223
कゴ 乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚xⓨ⼎ᡔᎻDŽ䑿ԧ䇁㿔ǃⳈ㾖ⓨ⼎↉䆒䅵ˈㄝㄝDŽxӮ䆂ㅵ⧚ᡔᎻDŽޚ䆂ˈ໘⧚ކさˈㄝㄝDŽ≳䗮ⱘᴀൟབ10-3᠔⼎ˈᅗ㸼ᯢњϸᮍП䯈˄㹿⿄থ䗕ᮍᬊᮍ˅ֵᙃⱘথ䗕ᬊDŽ䆹≳䗮ൟⱘ݇䬂㒘ӊࣙᣀ˖x㓪ⷕ˖ᇚᗱᛇὖᗉ䕀࣪ЎҎӀৃҹ⧚㾷ⱘ䇁㿔˗xֵᙃ˖㓪ⷕ䖛ⱘ៤ᵰ˗xၦҟ˖Ӵ䖒ֵᙃⱘᮍ⊩˗xᑆᡄ˖ᕅડǃᑆᡄֵᙃӴ䕧⧚㾷ⱘӏԩϰ㽓˄՟བ˖䎱⾏㋴˅˗x㾷ⷕ˖ᇚֵᙃݡ䕀࣪Ў᳝ᛣНⱘᗱᛇὖᗉDŽ10-3⼎ൟЁݙⱘϔ乍ݙᆍᰃ⹂䅸ֵᙃⱘᬊ䖘DŽ⹂䅸ᬊ䖘㋏ᣛᬊᮍ㸼⼎ᬊࠄֵᙃˈԚᰃˈᑊϡϔᅮ㸼⼎ৠᛣֵᙃDŽϔ乍ݙᆍᰃˈᇍֵᙃⱘಲᑨˈे˖ᬊᮍᏆ㒣ᇚֵᙃ㾷ⷕǃ⧚㾷њֵᙃᑊህֵᙃߎಲDŽֵᙃ㓪ⷕ㾷ⷕᴖ䷇থ䗕㗙ၦԧᬊ㗙ᴖ䷇㾷ⷕ㓪ⷕড作ֵᙃ10-3˖≳䗮 - ᴀൟ䅼䆎乍Ⳃ≳䗮ᯊˈ䳔㽕㗗㰥≳䗮ൟⱘ乍㽕㋴DŽՓ⫼䖭ѯ㽕㋴Ϣ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙䖯㸠≳䗮ˈ䗮ᐌӮ䴶Ј䆌ᣥDŽҹᡔᴃᗻᕜᔎⱘ䎼乍Ⳃಶ䯳Ў՟ˈϔϾಶ䯳៤ਬབ㽕៤ࡳഄϢ݊ҪᆊⱘϔϾಶ䯳៤ਬህᡔᴃὖᗉ䖯㸠≳䗮ˈ䳔㽕⍝ঞࠄ⫼䗖ᔧⱘ䇁㿔ᇍֵᙃ䖯㸠㓪ⷕǃՓ⫼⾡ᡔᴃᇚֵᙃথ䗕ᑊ⬅ᬊᮍᇍֵᙃ䖯㸠㾷ⷕDŽℸᳳ䯈ѻ⫳ⱘӏԩᑆᡄ䛑ӮᕅડֵᙃᴀᛣDŽ≳䗮ᬙ䱰ᇚᇍ乍Ⳃ䗴៤ϡ߽ᕅડDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2242004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
≳䗮㾘ߦ≳䗮㾘ߦⱘ䖛ᰃ⹂ᅮ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘֵᙃϢ≳䗮䳔∖˖䇕䳔㽕ԩ⾡ֵᙃǃԩᯊ䳔㽕ҹঞབԩҪӀӴ䗦DŽ㱑✊᠔᳝乍Ⳃ䛑᳝Ѹ⌕乍Ⳃֵᙃⱘ䳔㽕ˈԚֵᙃⱘ䳔∖ঞ݊Ӵ᪁ᮍᓣैᕐℸⳌᕘᒁDŽ䅸⏙߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘֵᙃ䳔∖ˈ⹂ᅮ⒵䎇䖭ѯ䳔∖ⱘᙄᔧ↉ˈЗᰃ乍Ⳃ៤ࡳⱘ䞡㽕㋴DŽ᭄乍ⳂЁˈ≳䗮㾘ߦ䛑ᰃЎ乍Ⳃᮽᳳ䰊↉ⱘϔ䚼ߚ䖯㸠ⱘDŽԚ乍ⳂⱘᭈϾ䖛Ё䛑ᑨᇍ݊㒧ᵰᅮᳳẔᶹˈᑊḍ䳔㽕䖯㸠ׂᬍˈҹֱ䆕݊㒻㓁䗖⫼ᗻDŽ≳䗮㾘ߦᕔᕔϢӕϮ⦃๗㋴˄খⳟ㡖˅㒘㒛ᕅડ˄খ㾕㡖˅ᆚߛⳌ݇ˈЎ乍Ⳃⱘ㒘㒛㒧ᵘᇍ乍Ⳃⱘ≳䗮㽕∖᳝䞡ᕅડDŽձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1ӕϮ⦃๗㋴.1≳䗮䳔∖ߚᵤ.1≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2≳䗮ᡔᴃ.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.4乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦxࠊ㑺ᴵӊx؛䆒1010-4˖≳䗮㾘ߦ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ≳䗮㾘ߦⱘձ.1ӕϮ⦃๗㋴㡖䆆䗄ⱘ᠔᳝㋴䛑Ўᴀ䖛ⱘֵᙃձDŽ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ㱑✊㡖䆆䗄ⱘ᠔᳝㋴䛑Ўᴀ䖛ⱘֵᙃձˈԚᰃˈ㒣偠ᬭ䆁ग़ֵᙃᰃ᳔㟇݇䞡㽕ⱘձֵᙃDŽ㒣偠ᬭ䆁ग़ֵᙃৃѢܜࠡⱘ㉏Ԑ乍ⳂᦤկⳌ݇≳䗮䯂乬ⱘއㄪ㒧ᵰDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 225
कゴ 乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˄খ㾕㡖˅Ўᴹⱘ乍Ⳃއㄪᦤկњ᭛ḷ࣪ⱘ⸔,ᑊ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙П䯈ህ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䖒៤݅䆚DŽ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ߚᵤᰃЎ㣗ೈᅮН䖛ⱘϔ䚼ߚᅠ៤ⱘDŽ.4乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄㡖˅Ў乍Ⳃᦤկ㚠᱃ֵᙃˈࣙᣀϢ≳䗮㾘ߦⳌ݇ⱘ᮹ᳳࠊ㑺㋴DŽxࠊ㑺㋴˖ࠊ㑺㋴ᣛ䰤ࠊ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᴗ㸵䗝ᢽⱘ㋴DŽ՟བˈಶ䯳៤ਬᎹഄ⚍ߚᬷǃ≳䗮䕃ӊ⠜ᴀϡݐᆍǃ≳䗮ᡔᴃ㛑᳝䰤ㄝDŽx؛䆒˖ᕅડ≳䗮㾘ߦⱘ⡍ᅮ؛䆒পއѢԧ乍Ⳃⱘ⡍ᅮᗻDŽ≳䗮㾘ߦ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1≳䗮䳔∖ߚᵤ䗮䖛≳䗮䳔∖ߚᵤৃᕫߎ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ֵᙃ䳔∖ⱘᘏDŽֵᙃ䳔∖ⱘ⬠ᅮᰃ䗮䖛᠔䳔ֵᙃⱘ㉏ൟϢḐᓣ,ҹঞ䆹ֵᙃӋؐⱘߚᵤ䖭ϸ㗙ⱘ㒧ড়ᴹᅠ៤DŽ乍Ⳃ䌘⑤াᑨ䆹⫼Ѣ≳䗮᳝߽Ѣ៤ࡳⱘֵᙃˈ㗙㔎У≳䗮Ӯ䗴៤༅䋹ⱘֵᙃDŽ䖭ᑊϡᰃ䇈ϡ⫼থᏗണ⍜ᙃˈ㗠ᰃ䇈ˈ≳䗮䳔∖ߚᵤⱘᴀᮼѢ䰆ℶ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙䖛ⱘ㒚㡖ݙᆍ㗠ᑨϡᱛDŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ᑨ㗗㰥ࠄˈ┰≳䗮⏴䘧≳䗮䏃ᕘⱘ᭄䞣ৃড乍Ⳃ≳䗮ⱘᴖᑺDŽ≳䗮⏴䘧ᘏ䞣Ўn (n-1) / 2ˈ݊Ёˈn=߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙Ҏ᭄DŽℸˈབᵰ乍Ⳃⱘ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙Ў10Ҏˈ߭乍Ⳃ᳝45ᴵ┰≳䗮⏴䘧DŽ乍Ⳃ≳䗮㾘ߦЁˈϔ乍ᵕЎ݇䬂ⱘݙᆍᰃˈ⹂ᅮᑊ䰤ࠊ䇕Ϣ䇕≳䗮ҹঞ䇕ᰃֵᙃᬊҎDŽ⹂ᅮ乍Ⳃ≳䗮㽕∖䗮ᐌ䳔㽕ⱘֵᙃࣙᣀ˖x㒘㒛ᴎᵘ˗x乍Ⳃ㒘㒛߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙㘠䋷݇㋏˗x乍ⳂЁ⍝ঞⱘᄺ⾥ǃ䚼䮼ϧϮ˗xᇥҎখϢ乍ⳂǃԩഄখϢ乍Ⳃㄝ䖭ѯৢࢸ⠽⌕ㄝ㋴˗xݙ䚼ֵᙃ䳔∖˄՟བ˖䎼䍞㒘㒛ⱘ≳䗮˅˗x䚼ֵᙃ䳔∖˄՟བ˖Ϣၦԧᡓࣙଚⱘ≳䗮˅˗x߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ֵᙃDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2262004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.2≳䗮ᡔᴃ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙П䯈ᴹಲӴ䗦ֵᙃⱘᡔᴃᮍ⊩᳝ৃ㛑Ⳍᕘᒁ˖Ңㅔⷁⱘ䇜䆱ࠄ䭓ᯊ䯈ⱘӮ䆂˗Ңㅔऩⱘк䴶᭛ӊࠄेᯊ㒓᠔ᶹ䆶ⱘ䌘᭭˄՟བ˖䖯ᑺ㸼᭄ᑧ˅DŽৃҹᕅડ乍Ⳃⱘ≳䗮ᡔᴃ㋴ࣙᣀ˖xᇍֵᙃ䳔∖ⱘ㋻䖿ᗻ˖乍Ⳃⱘ៤䋹ᰃ৺পއѢ㛑৺ेࠏ䇗ߎϡᮁᮄⱘֵᙃ˛䖬ᰃা㽕᳝ᅮᳳথᏗⱘк䴶ਞेᏆ䎇˛xᡔᴃᰃ৺ࠄԡ˖Ꮖ᳝ⱘ㋏㒳㛑৺⒵䎇㽕∖˛䖬ᰃ乍Ⳃ䳔∖䎇ҹ䆕ᯢ᳝ᬍ䖯ᖙ㽕˛x乘ᳳⱘ乍ⳂҎਬ䜡˖᠔ᓎ䆂ⱘ≳䗮㋏㒳ᰃ৺䗖ড়乍ⳂখϢ㗙ⱘ㒣偠Ϣ⡍䭓˛䖬ᰃ䳔㽕䞣ⱘ䆁Ϣᄺд˛x乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ⱘ䭓ⷁ˖⦄᳝ᡔᴃ乍Ⳃ㒧ᴳࠡᰃ৺᳝ব࣪ⱘৃ㛑˛x乍Ⳃ⦃๗˖乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᰃҹ䴶ᇍ䴶ⱘᮍᓣ䖯㸠ᎹѸ⌕ˈ䖬ᰃ㰮ᢳⱘ⦃๗ϟ䖯㸠ᎹѸ⌕˛≳䗮㾘ߦ˖៤ᵰ.1≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ10≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦࣙ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄খ㾕㡖˅ݙЎ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘҢሲ䅵ߦˈৃᦤկҹϟݙᆍ˖x߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙≳䗮㽕∖DŽxᇍ㽕থᏗⱘֵᙃⱘᦣ䗄ˈࣙᣀḐᓣǃݙᆍǃ䆺ሑᑺDŽxֵᙃᬊⱘҎ㒘㒛DŽxӴ䖒ֵᙃ᠔䳔ⱘᡔᴃᮍ⊩ˈ՟བ˖ᖬᔩǃ⬉ᄤ䚂ӊˋᮄ䯏থᏗㄝDŽx≳䗮乥⥛ˈ՟བˈ↣਼≳䗮ㄝDŽxϞ䖛ˈᇍϟሖ᮴⊩㾷އⱘ䯂乬ˈ⹂ᅮ䯂乬Ϟⱘᯊ䯈㽕∖ㅵ⧚䫒˄ৡ⿄˅DŽx䱣乍Ⳃⱘ䖯ሩᇍ≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦᮄϢ㒚࣪ⱘᮍ⊩DŽx䗮⫼䆡䇁㸼DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 227
कゴ 乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦгৃࣙᣀ乍Ⳃ⢊ᗕӮ䆂ǃ乍Ⳃಶ䯳Ӯ䆂ǃ㔥㒰Ӯ䆂⬉ᄤ䚂ӊㄝᮍ䴶ⱘᣛᇐॳ߭DŽḍ乍Ⳃ䳔㽕ˈ≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦৃҹᰃℷᓣⱘǃ䴲ℷᓣⱘˈᵕ݊䆺㒚ⱘǃ㗙कߚㅔᣀⱘDŽᅗࣙ乍Ⳃᘏԧㅵ⧚䅵ߦݙ˄㾕㡖˅ᰃ乍Ⳃᘏԧㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘϔϾҢሲ䚼ߚDŽ≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘሲᗻࣙᣀ˖x≳䗮乍Ⳃ˖ᇚ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙থᏗⱘֵᙃ˗xⳂⱘ˖থᏗֵᙃⱘॳ˗x乥⥛˖থᏗֵᙃⱘ乥㐕ᑺ˗x䍋ྟˋ㒜㒧᮹ᳳ˖থᏗֵᙃⱘᯊ䯈ᅝᥦ˗xḐᓣˋၦҟ˖ֵᙃⱘᏗሔӴ䕧ᮍ⊩˗x䋷ӏ˖䋳䋷ֵᙃথᏗⱘಶ䯳៤ਬDŽ≳䗮㾘ߦ䗮ᐌӮᔶ៤乱ⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰˈℸˈⳌᑨⱘˈ䳔㽕乱ⱘ䕧ܹᯊ䯈㊒DŽℸ乍ⳂᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘǃ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦ乍Ⳃ乘ㅫ䳔㽕ⳌᑨᮄDŽֵᙃথᏗֵᙃথᏗᣛᡞ᠔䳔㽕ⱘֵᙃঞᯊᦤկ㒭乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙DŽᅗࣙᣀᅲᮑ≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦˈҹঞᇍ乘᭭Пⱘֵᙃ㋶প㽕∖ߎডᑨDŽձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ .1 ≳䗮ᡔ㛑.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.2ֵᙃᬊ䲚Ẕ㋶㋏㒳.2ব䇋∖.3ֵᙃথᏗ㋏㒳.4㒣偠ᬭ䆁ᘏ㒧䖛10-5˖ֵᙃথᏗ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2282004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ֵᙃথᏗ˖ձ.1≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘᦣ䗄䇋খⳟ㡖DŽֵᙃথᏗ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1≳䗮ᡔ㛑≳䗮ᡔ㛑Ўϔ㠀ㅵ⧚ᡔ㛑ⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚˈ⫼ѢѸᤶֵᙃDŽϢ≳䗮Ⳍ݇ⱘϔ㠀ㅵ⧚ᡔ㛑ࣙᣀˈ⹂ֱ䗖ᔧⱘҎਬᣝ✻≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䗖ᔧⱘᯊ䯈㦋ᕫ䗖ᔧⱘֵᙃDŽϔ㠀ㅵ⧚ᡔ㛑гࣙᣀ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙㽕∖ⱘㅵ⧚㡎ᴃDŽЎ≳䗮䖛ⱘϔ䚼ߚˈথ䗕㗙㽕ֱ䆕ֵᙃݙᆍ⏙᱄ᯢ⹂ǃϡễϸৃǃᅠᭈ᮴㔎ˈҹ֓䅽ᬊ㗙㛑ℷ⹂ᬊˈᑊ⹂䅸⧚㾷᮴䇃DŽᬊ㗙ⱘ䋷ӏᰃֱ䆕ֵᙃᬊᅠᭈ᮴㔎ˈֵᙃ⧚㾷ℷ⹂᮴䇃DŽ≳䗮䖛᳝⾡ᮍᓣ˖xк䴶Ϣষ༈ˈϢ䇈DŽxᇍݙ˄乍Ⳃݙ˅Ϣᇍ˄ᇍ乒ᅶǃၦԧǃ݀ӫㄝ˅DŽxℷᓣ˄བਞǃᚙމҟ㒡Ӯㄝ˅Ϣ䴲ℷᓣ˄བᖬᔩǃे݈䇜䆱ㄝ˅DŽxൖⳈϢ∈ᑇDŽֵᙃᬊ䲚Ẕ㋶㋏㒳ֵᙃৃ䗮䖛⾡ᮍᓣᬊ䲚Ẕ㋶ˈࣙᣀᎹᔦḷ㋏㒳ˈ⬉ᄤ᭄ᑧˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊҹঞৃ䇗⫼Ꮉ㒌ǃ䆒䅵㽕∖ǃ䆩偠䅵ߦㄝᡔᴃ᭛ӊⱘ㋏㒳DŽ.3ֵᙃথᏗ㋏㒳DŽֵᙃথᏗ㋏ᣛ乍ⳂᭈϾ⫳ੑᳳˈेᯊᬊ䲚ֵᙃᑊϢ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙݅ѿֵᙃǃᇚֵᙃথᏗ㒭߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙DŽ乍Ⳃֵᙃৃҹ⫼⾡ᮍᓣথᏗ˖xࣙᣀ乍ⳂӮ䆂ǃ⹀ᣋ䋱᭛ӊথᏗǃᎹᔦḷ㋏㒳݅ѿ⬉ᄤ᭄ᑧㄝ˗x⬉ᄤ䗮ֵӮ䆂Ꮉˈ՟བ˖Ӵⳳǃ⬉ᄤ䚂ӊǃ⬉䆱ֵㆅ⬭㿔ǃ⬉䆱ǃৃ㾚⬉䆱Ӯ䆂ǃ㔥㒰Ӯ䆂ǃ㔥㒰ߎ⠜˗x乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⬉ᄤᎹˈ՟བˈ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦ㓪ࠊ㔥㒰⬠䴶ǃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊǃӮ䆂㰮ᢳࡲ݀ᅸᬃᣕ䕃ӊǃ㔥キणᎹㅵ⧚ᎹDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 229
कゴ 乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚.4㒣偠ᬭ䆁ᘏ㒧䖛㒣偠ᬭ䆁ᘏ㒧䖛ᔎ䇗䆚߿乍ⳂᎹ៤ࡳ㒣偠༅䋹(ⱘ㒣偠)ᬭ䆁ˈࣙᣀህབԩᬍ䖯乍Ⳃⱘᴹ㒽ᬜᦤկᓎ䆂DŽ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑ਼ᳳЁˈ乍Ⳃಶ䯳݇䬂߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙䆚߿乍Ⳃᡔᴃǃㅵ⧚䖛ᮍ䴶ⱘ㒣偠ᬭ䆁DŽᭈϾ乍Ⳃᳳ䯈䛑䳔ᇍ㒣偠ᬭ䆁䖯㸠∛㓪ǃḐᓣ࣪,ℷᓣᔦḷDŽ㒣偠ᬭ䆁ᘏ㒧Ӯ䆂ⱘ䞡⚍ϡⳌৠDŽ᳝ѯᯊˈ㒣偠ᬭ䆁ᘏ㒧Ӯⴔ䞡ᡔᴃѻકᓔথ䖛ˈ㗠݊Ҫᯊփˈৃ㛑ࡴ݇⊼䙷ѯᇍᎹ㒽ᬜ䍋ࠄ⿃ᵕ⍜ᵕ⫼ⱘ䖛DŽབᵰಶ䯳䅸Ў䳔㽕(䕧)ᡩܹ乱ⱘ䌘䞥ᯊ䯈ᴹ໘⧚᠔ᬊ䲚ⱘ䞣᭄(䖯㸠໘⧚)ˈ߭ৃ乥㐕ⱘᬊ䲚ֵᙃDŽ㒣偠ᬭ䆁Ўᴹⱘ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᦤկৃҹᦤ催乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᬜ⥛ᬜⱘֵᙃDŽˈ䰊↉ⱘ㒣偠ᬭ䆁ᘏ㒧ӮЎಶ䯳ᓎ䆒ᦤկњᴎӮDŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ⱘ㘠Ϯ䋷ӏПϔህᰃ᠔᳝乍ⳂЁˈ㒘㒛ݙ䚼䚼ⱘ݇䬂߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ীᓔ㒣偠ᘏ㒧Ӯˈ⡍߿ᰃ乍Ⳃ៤ᵰϡሑҎᛣⱘᚙމϟDŽ㒣偠ᬭ䆁ᘏ㒧䖛ⱘϔѯԧ㒧ᵰࣙᣀ˖x㒣偠ᬭ䆁ⶹ䆚ᑧⱘᮄ˗xⶹ䆚ㅵ⧚㋏㒳ⱘձ˗xӕϮᬓㄪǃᑣ䖛ⱘᮄ˗xଚϮᡔ㛑ⱘᬍ䖯˗xѻક᳡ࡵⱘᘏԧᬍ䖯˗x亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘᮄDŽֵᙃথᏗ˖៤ᵰ.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅x㒣偠ᬭ䆁䆄ᔩ˖ࣙᣀ䯂乬ⱘ䍋ǃ᠔䞛প㑴ℷᮑⱘॳձǃҹঞֵ᳝݇ᙃথᏗⱘ݊Ҫ⾡㒣偠ᬭ䆁DŽ䆄ᔩϟᴹⱘ㒣偠ᬭ䆁ৃ៤Ўᴀ乍Ⳃᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘग़᭄ᑧⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽx乍Ⳃ䆄ᔩ˖乍Ⳃ䆄ᔩৃࣙᣀߑӊǃᖬᔩҹঞ乍Ⳃᦣ䗄᭛ӊDŽ䖭ѯֵᙃᑨሑৃ㛑ഄҹ䗖ᔧᮍᓣ᳝ᴵ⧚ഄࡴҹֱᄬDŽ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬгᕔᕔ乍Ⳃヨ䆄ᴀЁֱ⬭ϾҎ䆄ᔩDŽx乍Ⳃਞ˖ℷᓣ䴲ℷᓣ乍Ⳃਞᇚ䆺㒚䇈ᯢ乍Ⳃ⢊ᗕˈ݊Ёࣙᣀ㒣偠ᬭ䆁ǃ䯂乬䆄ᔩऩǃ乍Ⳃᬊሒਞ݊Ҫⶹ䆚乚ඳⱘ៤ᵰ˄খ㾕4-12ゴⱘݙᆍ˅DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2302004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
x乍Ⳃⓨ⼎ҟ㒡˖乍Ⳃಶ䯳ℷᓣ䴲ℷᓣഄӏԩ᠔᳝乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ᦤկֵᙃDŽ䖭ѯֵᙃ㽕ߛড়ӫ䳔㽕ˈҟ㒡ⓨ⼎ⱘᮍ⊩㽕ᙄᔧDŽx߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘড作˖ৃҹথᏗҢ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ᬊ䲚ⱘ᳝݇乍Ⳃ䖤㧹ⱘֵᙃˈᑊḍ䆹ֵᙃᬍ䖯ׂᬍ乍Ⳃⱘᴹ㒽ᬜDŽx߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙䗮ⶹ˖ৃህ㾷އⱘ䯂乬ǃᅵᅮⱘবϔ㠀乍Ⳃ⢊ᗕ䯂乬߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙䗮DŽ.2ব䇋∖ֵᙃথᏗ䖛ⱘবࡼ˄ᇚ䳔㽕˅ӮᓩথⳌᑨⱘᇍ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䖯㸠ׂᬍDŽ䗮䖛ᭈԧࠊব䖛˄খ㾕㡖˅ᇍᦤߎⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦঞ݊Ңሲ䅵ߦব˄ׂᬍǃ⏏ߴ䰸˅䖯㸠ᅵᶹ໘⧚DŽ㒽ᬜਞ㒽ᬜਞᣛ᧰䲚᠔᳝ޚ᭄ᑊ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ᦤկ㒽ᬜֵᙃDŽϔ㠀ᴹ䇈ˈ㒽ᬜֵᙃࣙᣀЎᅲ⦄乍ⳂⳂᷛ㗠䕧ܹⱘ䌘⑤ⱘՓ⫼ᚙމDŽ㒽ᬜਞϔ㠀ᑨࣙᣀ㣗ೈǃ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦǃ៤ᴀ䋼䞣ᮍ䴶ⱘֵᙃDŽ䆌乍Ⳃг㽕∖㒽ᬜਞЁࡴܹ亢䰽䞛䌁ֵᙃDŽਞৃ㤝ᢳЎ㓐ড়ਞˈ㗙ᇐ⡍⅞ᚙމⱘϧ乬ਞDŽձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰᎹ㒽ᬜֵᙃ.1ֵᙃⓨ⼎Ꮉ.1㒽ᬜਞ.2㒽ᬜֵᙃᬊ䲚∛ᘏ.2㒽ᬜ䞣ᑺ.2乘⌟.3⢊ᗕᅵᶹӮ.3乘⌟シᎹ.3ব䇋∖.4Ꮉᯊ∛㋏㒳.4䋼䞣ࠊ䞣ᑺ㒧ᵰ.4㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.5៤ᴀ∛㋏㒳.5乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦx㒽ᬜ㸵䞣ޚ.6ᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖.7ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ10-6˖㒽ᬜਞ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 231
कゴ 乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚㒽ᬜਞ˖ձ.1Ꮉ㒽ᬜֵᙃ᳝݇ৃѸҬ៤ᵰᅠᎹᚙމⱘᎹ㒽ᬜֵᙃҹঞ᳝݇ᏆᅠᎹᎹⱘᎹ㒽ᬜֵᙃᰃЎ乍Ⳃᅲᮑ䖛ⱘϔ䚼ߚᬊ䲚ᑊᇚП㵡ܹࠄ㒽ᬜਞⱘ䖛DŽ᳝݇ᬊ䲚Ꮉ㒽ᬜֵᙃⱘݙᆍˈ䇋䆺㾕ᣛᇐㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᅲᮑ䖛ϔ㡖ⱘݙᆍ˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ.2㒽ᬜ䞣ᑺখ㾕㡖㡖ⱘݙᆍDŽ.3乘⌟ⱘᅠᎹ᮹ᳳখ㾕㡖ⱘݙᆍDŽ.4䋼䞣ࠊ㸵䞣㒧ᵰখ㾕㡖ⱘݙᆍDŽ.5乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦᦤկњޚֵᙃ˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽx㒽ᬜ㸵䞣ޚ˖㋏ᣛᡍޚⱘ乍ⳂᎹ䅵ߦˈৃП㸵䞣乍ⳂᅲᮑᚙމবᏂˈҹ䖯㸠ㅵ⧚ࠊDŽ㒽ᬜ㸵䞣ޚϔ㠀ᭈড়њ乍Ⳃⱘ㣗ೈǃ䖯ᑺ䌍⫼খ᭄ˈԚгৃ㛑ࣙ乍Ⳃⱘᡔᴃ䋼䞣খ᭄DŽ.6ᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖ᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖㋏ᣛ⬇䇋ᇍ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䖯㸠ᠽ㓽ᇣǃᇍԄㅫ䌍⫼䖯㸠ׂᬍᇍ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ䖯㸠ׂᬍˈ䆹ㄝ⬇䇋Ꮖ㦋ᡍޚᑊᏆޚህ㒾ेৃ⬅乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᅲᮑDŽ.7ৃѸҬ៤ᵰৃѸҬ៤ᵰᰃЎᅠ៤ᶤϔ䖛ǃ䰊↉乍Ⳃ㗠ᖙ乏ᅠ៤ⱘӏԩ⣀⡍ⱘৃ偠䆕ⱘѻકǃ៤ᵰ㛑DŽৃѸҬ៤ᵰ᳝ᯊᣛ乍Ⳃথ䍋Ҏᅶ᠋ᖙ乏ᡍޚⱘ䚼ৃѸҬ៤ᵰˈℸᯊˈ݊Нህ↨䕗⣁じDŽ㒽ᬜਞ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1ֵᙃⓨ⼎Ꮉৃ׳⫼䕃ӊࣙᑣᔶ៤䖒ࠄⓨ⼎ᬜᵰⱘ乍Ⳃ㒽ᬜֵᙃˈ䖭ѯ䕃ӊࣙᣀ㸼ਞǃᎹ㸼ߚᵤǃⓨ⼎ᔶࡳ㛑DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2322004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.2㒽ᬜֵᙃⱘᬊ䲚∛ᘏৃ䗮䖛⾡ၦҟᬊ䲚ᑊ∛ᘏֵᙃˈࣙᣀᎹḷḜ㋏㒳ǃ⬉ᄤ᭄ᑧǃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊǃҹঞৃ䇗⫼Ꮉ㒌ǃ䆒䅵㽕∖ǃ䆩偠䅵ߦㄝᡔᴃ᭛ӊⱘ㋏㒳DŽ.3⢊ᗕᅵᶹӮ䆂⢊ᗕᅵᶹӮᰃЎѸ⌕乍Ⳃֵᙃ㗠ᅮᳳীᓔⱘӮ䆂DŽ᭄乍ⳂϞˈᇚҹϡৠⱘ乥㐕ᑺϡৠⱘሖ㑻Ϟীᓔ乍Ⳃ⢊ᗕᅵᶹӮDŽ՟བˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ݙ䚼ৃҹ↣਼ীᓔᅵᶹӮ䆂ˈ㗠Ϣᅶ᠋ˈৃ↣᳜ীᓔ⢊ᗕᅵᶹӮ䆂DŽ.4Ꮉᯊ∛㋏㒳Ꮉᯊ∛㋏㒳ᇚ䆄ᔩᑊ∛乍ⳂϞ⫼এⱘᯊ䯈DŽ.5៤ᴀ∛㋏㒳៤ᴀ∛㋏㒳ᇚ䆄ᔩᑊ∛乍Ⳃ㢅䌍ⱘ䌍⫼DŽ㒽ᬜਞ˖៤ᵰ.1㒽ᬜਞ㒽ᬜਞ㒘㒛Ϣᔦ㒇᠔᧰䲚ࠄⱘֵᙃˈᑊሩ⼎ձ㒽ᬜ㸵䞣ޚߚᵤⱘ᠔᳝ߚᵤ㒧ᵰDŽ㒽ᬜਞᑨᣝ≳䗮䅵ߦ᠔䆄䕑ⱘϾ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ㽕∖ⱘ䆺㒚ᑺᦤ10կ⢊ᗕ䖯ሩֵᙃDŽ㒽ᬜਞⱘᐌ⫼ḐᓣࣙᣀᴵᔶǃS᳆㒓ǃⳈᮍঞ㸼ḐDŽᅲ⦄Ӌؐߚᵤ᭄䗮ᐌ㹿ܹ߫(Ў)㒽ᬜਞⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚ(ܹ߫)DŽS᳆㒓ˈབ7-7᠔⼎ˈᰃሩ⼎EVߚᵤ᭄ⱘϔ⾡ᔶᓣˈ㗠10-7߭ҹ㸼ḐᔶᓣҢϔϾջ䴶ሩ⼎њEV᭄DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 233
कゴ 乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘᅲ⦄ⱘ៤ᴀ㒽ᬜᣛ᭄WBS㒘៤䚼ߚ乘ㅫᅲ⦄Ӌؐᅲ䰙៤ᴀ៤ᴀবᏂ䖯ᑺবᏂ៤ᴀ䖯ᑺ($)($)($)CPISPI ($)(%) ($)(%) (PV)(EV)(AC)(EC-AC) (CV÷EV)(EV-PV)(SV/PV)(EV÷AC)(EV÷PV) 䅼ⷨおࠡ䅵ߦ63,000 58,00062,500-4,-5, Ḍᇍ㸼64,000 48,00046,8001,-16, 䇒23,000 20,00023,500-3,-3, ᳳЁ䆘Ԅ68,000 68,00072,500-4, ᅲᮑᬃᧈ12,000 10,00010,-2, ᅲ䏉ݠ7,000 6,2006, ᑓ䅵ߦ20,000 13,50018,100-4,-65, ᘏ䅵257,000 223,700 239,400-15,700 -33,䇈ᯢ˖᠔᭄᳝ᄫഛ乘⌟ࠄᔧ᮹DŽ*Ϟ䗄䅵ㅫЁৃҹՓ⫼ⱘ݊Ҫ䅵䞣ऩԡৃҹࣙᣀҎᎹᇣᯊˈゟᮍⷕ⏋ޱೳㄝDŽ10-7˖㸼ᓣ㒽ᬜਞВ՟ .2 乘⌟䱣ⴔ乍Ⳃⱘ䖯ሩˈḍ㦋ᕫⱘᎹ㒽ᬜֵᙃᇍ乘⌟䖯㸠ᮄᑊ䞡ᮄㅒথDŽ䆹ֵᙃᰃ݇Ѣৃ㛑ᇍ乍Ⳃᴹ˄՟བ˖ᅠᎹᯊԄㅫҹঞᅠᎹᇮ䳔Ԅㅫ˅䗴៤ᕅડⱘ乍Ⳃⱘ䖛এ㒽ᬜDŽ .3 ব䇋∖ᇍ乍Ⳃ㒽ᬜ䖯㸠ߚᵤৢˈ䗮ᐌӮ䳔㽕ᇍ乍Ⳃⱘᶤѯᮍ䴶䖯㸠ব˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ䖭ѯব䇋∖ᑨᣝᭈԧবࠊ䖛᠔ᦣ䗄ⱘࡲ⊩䖯㸠໘⧚˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ .4 㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼࣙᣀ֗Փ乍Ⳃ乘ᳳⱘᴹ㒽ᬜϢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⳌヺⱘ⾡㸠ࡼDŽ .5 㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅ࣙᣀ䯂乬ⱘ䍋ǃ᠔䞛প㑴ℷᮑⱘॳձǃҹঞֵ᳝݇ᙃথᏗⱘ݊Ҫ⾡㒣偠ᬭ䆁DŽᇍ㒣偠ᬭ䆁䖯㸠䆄ᔩˈҹ֓៤Ўᴀ乍Ⳃҹঞᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘग़᭄ᑧⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2342004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ㅵ⧚߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ㅵ⧚㋏ᣛᇍ≳䗮䖯㸠ㅵ⧚ˈҹ⒵䎇߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ䳔∖ᑊϢ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ϔ䍋㾷އ䯂乬DŽᇍ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙䖯㸠⿃ᵕㅵ⧚ˈৃᦤ催乍Ⳃ⊓乘ᳳ䔼䘧㸠䖯ˈ㗠ϡӮ㾷އⱘ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙䯂乬㗠㜅䔼DŽৠᯊ䖯㸠߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ㅵ⧚ৃᦤ催ಶ䯳៤ਬणৠᎹⱘ㛑ᑊ䰤ࠊᇍ乍ⳂⱘӏԩᑆᡄDŽ䗮ᐌˈ⬅乍Ⳃ㒣⧚䋳䋷䖯㸠߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ㅵ⧚DŽձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1≳䗮ᮍ⊩.1䯂乬ᕫҹ㾷އ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2䯂乬䆄ᔩऩ.2ᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖.3ᅵᅮⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.5乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅10-8˖߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ㅵ⧚˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ㅵ⧚˖ձ.1≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䗮䖛߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙䳔∖ᳳᳯৃҹњ㾷߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘⳂᷛǃⳂⱘ≳䗮ሖDŽ≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄খ㾕㡖˅Ёᇍ䖭ѯ䳔∖ᳳᳯ䖯㸠䆚߿ǃߚᵤ䆄ᔩDŽ≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘҢሲ䅵ߦDŽ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ䱣ⴔ乍Ⳃ䯂乬ⱘߎ⦄ˈ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ᑨϢⳌ߽݇ᆇ݇㋏㗙݅ৠ㟈Ѣ㾷އ䯂乬DŽ ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ㅵ⧚˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ .1≳䗮ᮍ⊩䖯㸠߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ㅵ⧚ЁˈᑨՓ⫼≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁЎ↣Ͼ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙⹂ᅮⱘ≳䗮ᮍ⊩DŽ䴶ᇍ䴶Ӯ䆂ᰃϢ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙䅼䆎ǃ㾷އ䯂乬ⱘ᳔᳝ᬜⱘᮍ⊩DŽབᵰϡ䳔㽕䖯㸠䴶ᇍ䴶Ӯ䆂䖯㸠䴶ᇍ䴶Ӯ䆂ϡৃ㸠ᯊ˄՟བ˖བᵰᰃ䰙乍Ⳃ˅ˈ߭ৃ䗮䖛⬉䆱ǃ⬉ᄤ䚂ӊ݊Ҫ⬉ᄤᎹे㸠ֵᙃѸ⌕≳䗮DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 235
कゴ 乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚.2䯂乬䆄ᔩऩ䯂乬䆄ᔩऩ㸠ࡼᮍḜ䆄ᔩऩৃ⫼ҹ䆄ᔩᑊⲥ䯂乬ⱘ㾷އᚙމDŽ䖭ѯ䯂乬ϔ㠀ϡӮछ㑻ࠄ䳔㽕ᅲᮑ乍Ⳃ䞛পऩ⣀㸠ࡼᇍП䖯㸠໘⧚DŽԚᰃ䗮ᐌӮ䳔ࡴҹ໘⧚ҹֱᣕ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙П䯈˄ࣙᣀಶ䯳៤ਬ˅ⱘ㡃དᎹ݇㋏DŽҹϔᅮⱘᮍᓣᇍ䯂乬䖯㸠╘⏙䰜䗄ˈҹ֓䯂乬ᕫҹ㾷އDŽ䳔㽕䩜ᇍ↣乍䯂乬ߚ⌒䋳䋷Ҏᑊ㾘ᅮ㾷އ䯂乬ⱘⳂᷛ᮹ᳳDŽབᵰ䯂乬ᕫҹ㾷އˈ߭ৃ㛑ᇐ㟈ކさ乍Ⳃᓊ䖳DŽ ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ㅵ⧚˖៤ᵰ .1 㾷އⱘ䯂乬䱣ⴔ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙㽕∖ⱘ䆚߿㾷އˈ䯂乬䆄ᔩऩݙᇚህᏆ㒣ᦤѸ㾷އⱘ䯂乬䖯㸠䆄ᔩDŽ⼎՟བϟ˖xᅶ᠋ৠᛣㅒ䅶ৢ㓁ড়ৠˈ䖯㗠㒜㒧݇Ѣবᰃ⦄㸠乍Ⳃ㣗ೈПݙПⱘѝ䆎˗xЎ乍Ⳃ⏏Ҏਬˈ᳝߭݇乍Ⳃ㔎У᠔䳔ᡔ㛑䌘⑤ⱘ䯂乬гᕫҹ㾷އ˗xϢ㒘㒛ݙⱘ㘠㛑㒣⧚ህंУⱘҎ䌘⑤䯂乬䖯㸠䇜߸ˈᑊ䖒៤Ҹঠᮍ䛑⒵ᛣⱘ㒧ᵰˈ㗠ᇍ乍Ⳃ䗴៤ᓊ䖳˗x㾷ㄨ㨷џӮ៤ਬህ乍Ⳃ㒣⌢ৃ㸠ᗻᦤߎⱘ䯂乬ˈՓ乍Ⳃᣝ✻ॳ䅵ߦᓔሩDŽ .2 ᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖ᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖˄খ㾕㡖˅ࣙᣀҎਬ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚䅵ߦݙ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙䯂乬⢊ᗕⱘব࣪ˈҹডϢ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙䖯㸠≳䗮ⱘᮍᓣⱘব࣪DŽ .3 ᅵᅮⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼᅵᅮⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ˄খ㾕㡖˅ࣙᣀՓ乍Ⳃⱘᴹ乘ᳳ㒽ᬜϢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦϔ㟈㗠䳔䞛পⱘ㸠ࡼDŽ .4 㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅ࣙᣀ䯂乬ⱘ䍋ǃ᠔䞛প㑴ℷᮑⱘॳձǃҹঞֵ᳝݇ᙃথᏗⱘ݊Ҫ⾡㒣偠ᬭ䆁DŽᇍ㒣偠ᬭ䆁䖯㸠䆄ᔩˈҹ֓ৃ៤Ўᴀ乍Ⳃҹঞᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘग़᭄ᑧⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽ .5 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅ᇍ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䖯㸠ᮄˈҹড≳䗮䅵ߦⱘׂᬍDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2362004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
कϔゴ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ࣙᣀ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦǃ亢䰽䆚߿ǃߚᵤǃᑨᇍⲥⱘ䖛DŽ݊Ё᭄䖛ᭈϾ乍Ⳃᳳ䯈䛑䳔㽕ᮄDŽ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ⱘⳂᷛѢࡴ⿃ᵕџӊⱘὖ⥛ᕅડˈ䰡Ԣ乍Ⳃ⍜ᵕџӊⱘὖ⥛ᕅડDŽ11-1ᰃ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䖛ⱘㅔ㽕ᦤ㒆ˈ11-2᠔⼎ᰃ䖭ѯ䖛ঞ݊ձǃ៤ᵰ݊ᅗⳌ݇ⶹ䆚乚ඳ䖛ⱘ⌕DŽ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䖛ࣙᣀ˖亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ – އᅮབԩ䖯㸠ǃ㾘ߦᅲᮑ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚⌏ࡼDŽ亢䰽䆚߿ – ߸ᮁાѯ亢䰽Ӯᕅડ乍Ⳃˈᑊҹк䴶ᔶᓣ䆄ᔩ݊⡍⚍DŽ亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ – ᇍ亢䰽ὖ⥛ᕅડ䖯㸠䆘Ԅ∛ᘏˈ䖯㗠ᇍ亢䰽䖯㸠ᥦ11ᑣˈҹ֓Ѣ䱣ৢⱘ䖯ϔℹߚᵤ㸠ࡼDŽ亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤ – ህ䆚߿ⱘ亢䰽ᇍ乍ⳂᘏԧⳂᷛⱘᕅડ䖯㸠ᅮ䞣ߚᵤDŽ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ – 䩜ᇍ乍ⳂⳂᷛࠊ䅶ᦤ催ᴎӮǃ䰡Ԣ࿕㚕ⱘᮍḜ㸠ࡼDŽ亢䰽ⲥ⌟Ϣࠊ – ᭈϾ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑ਼ᳳЁˈ䎳䏾Ꮖ䆚߿ⱘ亢䰽ǃⲥ⌟⅟ԭ亢䰽ǃ䆚߿ᮄ亢䰽ˈᅲᮑ亢䰽ᑨᇍ䅵ߦˈᑊᇍ᳝݊ᬜᗻ䖯㸠䆘ԄDŽϞ䗄䖛ϡҙᕐℸѸѦ⫼ˈ㗠Ϩ䖬Ϣ݊ᅗⶹ䆚乚ඳⱘ䖛ѸѦ⫼DŽḍ乍Ⳃ䳔㽕ˈ↣Ͼ䖛ৃ㛑䳔㽕ϔҎҎ㗙Ͼಶ䯳ϔ䍋ᎹDŽ↣Ͼ䖛↣Ͼ乍ⳂЁ㟇ᇥߎ⦄ϔˈᑊ乍ⳂϔϾϾ䰊↉˄བᵰ乍ⳂߦߚЎ䰊↉˅Ёߎ⦄DŽ㱑✊ᴀゴЁˈ䖛㹿ᦣ䗄៤⬠㒓⋒␁ߚᯢⱘ⣀ゟ㒘៤䚼ߚˈԚᅲ䏉ЁˈᅗӀैৃ㛑Ѹ䗁ⳌѦ⫼ˈ݊ԧᮍᓣᴀゴϡᢳ䆺䗄DŽ݇Ѣ䖛䯈ⳌѦ⫼ⱘ䆺㒚䅼䆎ˈ䇋খⳟϝゴDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 237
कϔゴ 乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ亢䰽ᰃϔ⾡ϡ⹂ᅮџӊ⢊މˈϔᮺথ⫳ˈӮᇍ㟇ᇥϔϾ乍ⳂⳂᷛ˄՟བ˖ᯊ䯈ǃ䌍⫼ǃ㣗ೈ䋼䞣Ⳃᷛˈे˖乍Ⳃᯊ䯈Ⳃᷛৃ㛑ᰃˈᣝ✻ଚᅮⱘ䖯ᑺ㸼ѸҬ˗乍Ⳃ䌍⫼Ⳃᷛᰃଚᅮⱘ䌍⫼㣗ೈݙѸҬ˅ѻ⫳⿃ᵕ⍜ᵕᕅડDŽ亢䰽ⱘ䍋ৃ㛑ᰃϔ⾡⾡ˈ亢䰽ϔᮺথ⫳ˈӮѻ⫳ϔ乍乍ᕅડDŽ՟བˈॳПϔৃ㛑ᰃ乍Ⳃ䳔㽕⬇䇋⦃๗䆌ৃ䆕ˈ㗙ᰃߚ䜡㒭乍Ⳃⱘ䆒䅵Ҏਬ᳝䰤DŽ㗠亢䰽џӊ߭ᰃ䆌ৃ䆕乕থᴎᵘ乕থ䆌ৃ䆕䳔㽕ⱘᯊ䯈↨ॳ䅵ߦ䭓ˈ㗙᠔ߚ䜡ⱘ䆒䅵Ҏਬϡ䎇ҹᅠ៤ӏࡵDŽ䖭ϸϾϡ⹂ᅮџӊ᮴䆎থ⫳ાϔϾˈ䛑Ӯᇍ乍Ⳃⱘ៤ᴀǃ䖯ᑺǃ㗙㒽ᬜѻ⫳ᕅડDŽ亢䰽⢊މ߭ৃࣙᣀ乍Ⳃ⦃๗㒘㒛⦃๗Ёৃ㛑֗៤乍Ⳃ亢䰽ⱘϾᮍ䴶ˈ՟བˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᮍᓣՇǃ㔎Уᭈড়ⱘㅵ⧚㋏㒳ǃᑊ㸠ᓔሩϾ乍Ⳃ㗙䖛ߚձ䌪᮴⊩ࠊⱘऩԡখϢ㗙DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2382004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ亢䰽䆚߿亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ.1ձ.1ձ.1ձ.1ӕϮ⦃๗㋴.1ӕϮ⦃๗㋴.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.3亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ.5乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1㾘ߦӮ䆂ߚᵤ.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1亢䰽ὖ⥛Ϣᕅડ䆘Ԅ.1᭛ӊᅵᶹ.2ὖ⥛/ᕅડⶽ䰉.3៤ᵰ.2ֵᙃ᧰䲚ᡔᴃ.3亢䰽᭄䋼䞣䆘Ԅ.1亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.3Ḍᇍ㸼ߚᵤ.4亢䰽ߚ㉏.4؛䆒ߚᵤ.5亢䰽㋻䖿ᗻ䆘Ԅ.5㾷ᡔᴃ.3៤ᵰ.3៤ᵰ.1亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ˄ᮄ˅.1亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤ亢䰽ⲥ⌟Ϣࠊ.1ձ.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.1ձ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ.3亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ.2亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ.1ձ.5乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.3ᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦx乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4Ꮉ㒽ᬜֵᙃ.2亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩx乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.5㒽ᬜਞ.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.2ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1⍜ᵕ亢䰽࿕㚕ⱘᑨᇍ.1᭄ᬊ䲚㸼⼎ᡔᴃ.1亢䰽ݡ䆘Ԅㄪ⬹.2亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤൟᡔᴃ.2亢䰽ᅵ䅵.2⿃ᵕ亢䰽ᴎӮⱘᑨᇍ.3বᏂ䍟ߚᵤㄪ⬹.3៤ᵰ.4ᡔᴃ㒽ᬜ㸵䞣.3࿕㚕ᴎӮⱘᑨᇍㄪ⬹.1亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ˄ᮄ˅.5ټ䞥ߚᵤ.4ᑨᗹᑨᇍㄪ⬹.6⢊ᗕᅵᶹӮ.3៤ᵰ.3៤ᵰ.1亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ˄ᮄ˅.1亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ˄ᮄ˅.2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.2ব䇋∖.3Ϣ亢䰽Ⳍ݇ⱘড়ৠण䆂.3㤤ⱘ㑴ℷᮑ.4㤤ⱘ乘䰆ᮑ.5㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅11-1˖乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ὖ䉠®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 239
कϔゴ 乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ亢䰽⑤Ѣӏԩ乍ⳂЁ䛑ᄬⱘϡ⹂ᅮᗻDŽᏆⶹ亢䰽㋏ᣛᏆ㒣䆚߿ᑊߚᵤⱘ亢䰽ˈৃ䗮䖛ᴀゴᦣ䗄ⱘ䖛ᇍ䖭ѯ亢䰽䖯㸠㾘ߦDŽԚᰃ᮴⊩ᇍⶹ亢䰽䖯㸠⿃ᵕㅵ⧚DŽህⶹ亢䰽㗠㿔ˈ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ৃ䞛পⱘ䕗䇼ᜢⱘᑨᇍᮑᰃህ䆹ㄝ亢䰽ߚ䜡ᑨᗹټˈৠᯊᑨህ᮴⊩䗮䖛㒣⌢᳝ᬜᮍᓣ䗮䖛ӏԩᮍᓣࠊᅮ⿃ᵕᑨᇍㄪ⬹ⱘᏆⶹ亢䰽ߚ䜡ᑨᗹټDŽ㒘㒛Ң亢䰽ᇍ乍Ⳃ៤ࡳ䗴៤ⱘ࿕㚕ᏺᴹⱘᴎӮⱘ㾦ᑺⳟᕙ亢䰽DŽ亢䰽ᇍ乍Ⳃ᠔䗴៤ⱘ࿕㚕া㽕㛑Ϣݦℸ亢䰽᠔ᕫࠄⱘᬊ㦋ⳌᢉˈህሲѢৃফ亢䰽DŽ՟བˈ䞛⫼ᖿ䗳䎳䖯˄㾕˅ৃ㛑䗴៤乘ㅫ䍙ᬃˈԚैᰃЎᦤࠡᅠ៤乍Ⳃ᠔ݦⱘ亢䰽DŽ㛑ᏺᴹ乍Ⳃ៤ࡳᴎӮⱘ亢䰽˄՟བ˖ৃ䗮䖛ߚ䜡乱Ҏਬˈ䖯㸠䍊Ꮉ˅ϡོЎПϔ᧣ˈՓ乍ⳂⳂᷛҢЁফⲞDŽҎӀᇍ亢䰽ᣕ᳝ⱘᗕᑺ˄ᓊԌࠄ㒘㒛ᇍ亢䰽ᣕ᳝ⱘᗕᑺ˅ˈᇚᕅડ݊ᇍ亢䰽䅸ⶹⱘޚ⹂ᗻˈгᇚᕅડ݊ᑨᇍ亢䰽ⱘᮍᓣDŽᇍ亢䰽ⱘᗕᑺᑨሑৃ㛑ᯢ⹂㸼䗄DŽᑨЎ↣Ͼ乍Ⳃࠊᅮ⒵䎇㒘㒛㽕∖ⱘ亢䰽ᑨᇍᮍ⊩DŽᑊᓔ䆮Ꮧ݀ഄህ亢䰽ঞ݊ᑨᇍ䖯㸠≳䗮DŽ亢䰽ᑨᇍৃড㒘㒛ݦ䰽Ϣ䒆䙓亢䰽П䯈ⱘᑇ㸵DŽ㽕ᛇপᕫ៤ࡳˈ㒘㒛ᖙ乏ᡓ䇎ᭈϾ乍Ⳃ䖯Ё⿃ᵕᑊϔ䌃ഄ䖯㸠亢䰽ㅵ⧚DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2402004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ࠊᅮ乍ⳂଚϮ᭄ᑧ亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦㅵ⧚䅵ߦӕϮ⦃๗㋴ ˄˅˄˅ᬓㄪǃ⌕ᣛᇐᮍ䩜亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦᡍޚⱘব䳔∖㒣偠ᬭ䆁ᡍޚⱘ㑴䫭ᮑⶹ䆚ᑧ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻᡍޚⱘ乘䰆ᮑᡍޚⱘব䳔∖亢䰽䆚߿㣗ೈᅮН乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ˄˅ᅮᗻ亢䰽ߚᵤ˄˅៤ᴀㅵ⧚䅵ߦࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ˄ᮄ˅៤ᴀㅵ⧚䅵ߦㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄˅ᅮ䞣亢䰽ߚᵤ˄˅㒽ᬜਞ㓪ࠊ㒽ᬜਞ㓪ࠊ 亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ˄ᮄ˅˄˅11ᑨᇍ䅵ߦ㓪ࠊ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅ ˄˅ᣛᇐ&ㅵ⧚Ꮉ㒽ᬜֵᙃ乍Ⳃᅲᮑ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ˄ᮄ˅˄˅亢䰽Ⳍ݇ⱘড়ৠण䆂ᓎ䆂乘䰆ᮑ乍Ⳃᬊሒᓎ䆂㑴䫭ᮑ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ˗亢䰽ⲥᖙ㽕ⱘব亢䰽㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅ᭈড়ⱘ˄˅ ⱏ䆄ऩ˄ᮄ˅বࠊ˄˅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄˅˄ᮄ˅⊼˖ᴀ㛑ড᠔᳝䖛П䯈ⱘⳌѦ⫼ֵᙃ⌕ࡼ11-2˖乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䖛⌕®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 241
कϔゴ 乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ䅸ⳳǃᯢ⹂ⱘ㾘ߦৃᦤ催݊ᅗ5Ͼ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䖛៤ࡳⱘὖ⥛DŽ亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦᣛއᅮབԩ䖯㸠乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚⌏ࡼⱘ䖛DŽ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䖛ⱘ㾘ߦᇍֱ䆕亢䰽ㅵ⧚˄ࣙᣀ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ᑺǃ㉏ൟৃ㾕ᑺ˅Ϣ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ᑺ乍Ⳃᇍ㒘㒛ⱘ䞡㽕ᗻⳌ䗖ᑨ䍋ⴔ䞡㽕⫼ˈৃֱ䆕Ў亢䰽ㅵ⧚⌏ࡼᦤկܙ䎇ⱘ䌘⑤ᯊ䯈ᑊ⹂ゟ亢䰽䆘Ԅⱘϔ㟈ৠᛣⱘ⸔DŽ亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ䖛ᑨ乍Ⳃ㾘ߦ䖛ⱘᮽᳳᅠ៤ˈЎ݊ᇍ៤ࡳᅠ៤ᴀゴҟ㒡ⱘ݊ᅗ䖛㟇݇䞡㽕DŽձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1ӕϮ⦃๗㋴.1㾘ߦӮ䆂ߚᵤ.1亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.4乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ11-3˖亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ 亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦⱘձ .1 ӕϮ⦃๗㋴㒘㒛ঞখϢ乍ⳂⱘҎਬⱘ亢䰽ᗕᑺ亢䰽ᡓফᑺᇚᕅડ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ亢䰽ᗕᑺᡓফᑺৃ䗮䖛ᬓㄪ䇈ᯢк㸠ࡼডߎᴹ˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ .2 㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ㒘㒛ৃ㛑䆒᳝᮶ᅮⱘ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩,՟བ,亢䰽ߚ㉏ǃὖᗉᴃ䇁ⱘ䗮⫼ᅮНǃᷛޚᵓǃ㾦㡆㘠䋷ǃއㄪᥜᴗ∈ᑇDŽ .3 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкখ㾕㡖DŽ .4 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦখ㾕㡖DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2422004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ .1 㾘ߦӮ䆂ߚᵤ乍Ⳃಶ䯳В㸠㾘ߦӮ䆂ࠊ䅶亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦDŽখӮ㗙ৃࣙᣀ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ǃ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ǃᅲᮑ㒘㒛Ё䋳䋷ㅵ⧚亢䰽㾘ߦᅲᮑ⌏ࡼⱘҎਬҹঞ݊ҪᑨখϢҎਬDŽӮ䆂ᳳ䯈ˈᇚ⬠ᅮ亢䰽ㅵ⧚⌏ࡼⱘᴀ䅵ߦˈ⹂ᅮ亢䰽៤ᴀ㋴᠔䳔ⱘ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼˈᑊߚ߿ᇚ݊㒇ܹ乍Ⳃ乘ㅫ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦЁDŽৠᯊᇍ亢䰽㘠䋷䖯㸠ߚ䜡ˈᑊḍԧ乍Ⳃᇍϔ㠀䗮⫼ⱘ㒘㒛亢䰽㉏߿䆡∛ᅮНㄝᵓ᭛ӊ˄՟བˈ亢䰽∈ᑇǃᣝ✻亢䰽㉏߿⹂ᅮⱘὖ⥛ᕅડˈҹঞὖ⥛ᕅડⶽ䰉˅䖯㸠䇗ᭈDŽ䖭ѯ⌏ࡼⱘ៤ᵰᇚ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁ䖯㸠∛ᘏDŽ 亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦⱘ៤ᵰ .1 亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦᦣ䗄བԩᅝᥦϢᅲᮑ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ˈᅗᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄খ㾕㡖˅ⱘҢሲ䅵ߦDŽ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦৃࣙᣀҹϟݙᆍ˖xᮍ⊩䆎DŽ⹂ᅮᅲᮑ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ৃՓ⫼ⱘᮍ⊩ǃᎹǃঞ᭄ᴹ⑤DŽx㾦㡆Ϣ㘠䋷DŽ⹂ᅮ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁ↣乍⌏ࡼⱘ乚ᇐǃᬃᧈϢ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ⱘ៤ਬ㒘៤DŽЎ䖭ѯ㾦㡆ߚ䜡Ҏਬᑊ╘⏙݊㘠䋷DŽ11x乘ㅫDŽߚ䜡䌘⑤ˈᑊԄㅫ亢䰽ㅵ⧚᠔䳔䌍⫼ˈᇚП㒇ܹ乍Ⳃ៤ᴀ㒓˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽx䅵ᯊ⊩DŽ⹂ᅮ乍ⳂᭈϾ⫳ੑ਼ᳳЁᅲᮑ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䖛ⱘ᭄乥⥛DŽᑊ⹂ᅮᑨ㒇ܹ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦⱘ亢䰽ㅵ⧚⌏ࡼ˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽx亢䰽㉏߿DŽ亢䰽㉏߿Ў⹂ֱ㋏㒳ഄǃᣕ㓁䆺㒚ϔ㟈ഄ䖯㸠亢䰽䆚߿ⱘ㓐ড়䖛ˈᑊֱ䆕亢䰽䆚߿ⱘᬜ䋼䞣ⱘ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ᎹᦤկњϔϾḚᶊDŽ㒘㒛ৃՓ⫼ܜࠡޚⱘൟ亢䰽ߚ㉏DŽ亢䰽ߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄RBS˅˄খ㾕11-4˅ᰃᦤկ䆹Ḛᶊⱘᮍ⊩Пϔˈϡ䖛䆹㒧ᵘгৃ䗮䖛ㅔऩ߫ᯢ乍ⳂⱘϾᮍ䴶㸼䗄ߎᴹDŽ亢䰽䆚߿䖛Ё䳔ᇍ亢䰽㉏߿䖯㸠䞡ᮄᅵḌDŽ䕗དⱘخ⊩ᰃˈ亢䰽䆚߿䖛Пࠡˈܜ亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ䖛Ёᇍ亢䰽㉏߿䖯㸠ᅵᶹDŽݡᇚܜࠡ乍Ⳃⱘ亢䰽㉏߿ᑨ⫼ࠄ⦄㸠乍ⳂПࠡˈৃ㛑䳔㽕ᇍॳ᳝亢䰽㉏߿䖯㸠䇗ᭈᠽሩᴹ䗖ᑨᔧࠡᚙމDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 243
कϔゴ 乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚x亢䰽ὖ⥛ᕅડⱘᅮНDŽЎ⹂ֱ亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ䖛ⱘ䋼䞣ৃֵᑺˈ㽕∖⬠ᅮϡৠሖⱘ亢䰽ὖ⥛ᕅડDŽ亢䰽㾘ߦ䖛ˈ䗮⫼ⱘ亢䰽ὖ⥛∈ᑇᕅડ∈ᑇⱘ⬠ᅮᇚձϾ߿乍Ⳃⱘԧᚙމ䖯㸠䇗ᭈˈҹ֓亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ䖛˄খ㾕㡖˅ᑨ⫼DŽ乍Ⳃᡔᴃⱘ䚼ⱘ㒘㒛ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䳔∖ߚࣙଚկᑨଚ乍Ⳃձ䌪݇㋏Ԅㅫᡔᴃㅵ⧚㾘ᅮ䌘⑤䅵ߦ㓪ࠊᴖᗻ⬠䴶Ꮦഎ䌘䞥ࠊ㒽ᬜৃ䴴ᗻᅶ᠋Ӭܜᑺ≳䗮䋼䞣⇨亢䰽ߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄RBS˅߫ߎњϔϾൟ乍ⳂЁৃ㛑থ⫳ⱘ亢䰽ߚ㉏亢䰽ᄤߚ㉏DŽϡৠⱘRBS䗖⫼Ѣϡৠ㉏ൟⱘ乍Ⳃ㒘㒛DŽ䖭⾡ᮍ⊩ⱘϔϾད໘ᰃᦤ䝦亢䰽䆚߿Ҏਬ亢䰽ѻ⫳ⱘॳᰃ⾡ḋⱘDŽ11-4˖亢䰽ߚ㾷㒧ᵘ⼎՟ৃՓ⫼ὖ⥛Ⳍᇍ↨՟ˈ՟བˈҢĀकߚϡৃ㛑āࠄĀТ⹂ᅮāDŽ㗙гৃߚ䜡ᶤ᭄ؐ㸼⼎ᐌ㾘↨՟˄՟བ˖ǃǃǃǃ˅DŽ⌟ᅮ亢䰽ὖ⥛ⱘϔ⾡ᮍ⊩ᰃˈᦣ䗄Ϣ㗗㰥Ё亢䰽Ⳍ݇ⱘ乍Ⳃ⢊ᗕ˄՟བ˖乍Ⳃ䆒䅵៤❳ᑺ∈ᑇㄝ˅DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2442004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ᕅડᷛᑺৃডᶤ乍亢䰽থ⫳ৢˈ㗙ᰃ࿕㚕ⱘ⍜ᵕᕅડˈ㗙ᰃᴎӮѻ⫳ⱘ⿃ᵕᕅડˈᇍ↣Ͼ乍Ⳃᷛᕅડⱘ䞡㽕ᑺDŽᕅડ↨՟ᰃԧϧ䮼䩜ᇍ┰ᕅડⱘⳂᷛǃ乍Ⳃ㾘㉏ൟǃ㒘㒛ㄪ⬹䋶ࡵ⢊މҹঞ㒘㒛ᇍᶤ⾡ᕅડⱘᬣᛳᑺ㗠㿔ⱘDŽ㗠Ⳍᇍ↨՟Џ㽕ᰃᣝ✻ᕅડᑺᥦᑣⱘㅔऩᕅડᦣ䗄ˈ՟བ˖ĀᕜԢāǃĀԢāǃĀЁㄝāǃĀ催āǃĀᕜ催āˈ݊ᕅડᑺᣝ✻छᑣᥦ߫ˈ䗤㑻ᰒ⼎㒘㒛ᅮНⱘᕅડᑺDŽˈৃ䗮䖛᭄ᄫ↨՟Ў䖭ѯᕅડߚ䜡᭄ؐDŽ䖭ѯ᭄ؐৃҹᰃ㒓ᗻؐ˄՟བ˖ǃǃǃǃ˅䴲㒓ᗻؐ˄՟བˈǃǃǃǃ˅DŽ䴲㒓ؐৃড㒘㒛ಲ䙓催ᕅડ亢䰽ˈথᥬ催ᕅડᴎӮⱘᜓᳯ˄ेՓ݊ὖ⥛ᕜԢ˅DŽՓ⫼䴲㒓ᗻᷛᑺᯊˈ䞡㽕ⱘϔ⚍ᰃˈ㽕њ㾷᭄݊ؐⱘНǃ᭄ؐП䯈ⱘ݇㋏ǃᴹ⑤ঞ݊ᇍ乍ⳂϾⳂᷛⱘᕅડDŽ11-5ᰃ䩜ᇍϢ乍ⳂಯϾⳂᷛⳌ݇ⱘ亢䰽䆘ԄⱘϔϾ䋳䴶ᕅડ亢䰽ᅮНⱘ՟ᄤDŽЁ᭄ᄫ䯤ᯢњⳌᇍⱘ᭄ᄫⱘ˄՟ᄤЁˈ䴲㒓ᗻⱘ˅ᮍ⊩˗ᑊϡᛣੇⴔⳌᇍⱘ᭄ᄫⱘϸ⾡ᮍ⊩ᰃㄝৠⱘ,Ԛᰃᰒ⼎њϔϾ᭄ᄫⱘϸϾկ䗝ᮍḜDŽxὖ⥛ᕅડⶽ䰉DŽḍ亢䰽ৃ㛑ᇍᅲ⦄乍ⳂⳂᷛѻ⫳ⱘ┰ᕅડˈ䖯㸠亢䰽ӬܜᥦᑣDŽ亢䰽Ӭܜᥦᑣⱘൟᮍ⊩ᰃ׳⫼ᇍ✻㸼ὖ⥛ᕅડⶽ䰉˄খ㾕11-8㡖ⱘݙᆍ˅ᔶᓣDŽ䗮ᐌ⬅㒘㒛⬠ᅮાѯ亢䰽ὖ⥛ᕅડ㒘ড়ᰃ᳝䕗催ǃЁㄝ䕗Ԣⱘ䞡㽕ᗻˈℸৃ⹂ᅮⳌᑨ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ˄খ㾕㡖ⱘݙᆍ˅DŽ亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ䖛ৃҹ䖯㸠ᅵᶹᑊḍԧ乍Ⳃ䖯㸠䇗ᭈDŽ11ᕅડᷛᑺ߸ᮁᴵӊ̣䆘Ԅ亢䰽ᇍЏ㽕乍ⳂⳂᷛѻ⫳ⱘᕅડ˄ҙডњ⍜ᵕᕅડ˅᠔⼎ᷛᑺЎⳌᇍ᭄ؐᷛᑺ乍ⳂⳂᷛᕜԢ/.05 Ԣ/.10 Ёㄝ/.20 催/.40 ⫮催/.80 ៤ᴀࡴ៤ᴀࡴ៤ᴀࡴ៤ᴀࡴ៤ᴀࡴ៤ᴀϡᰒ㨫ᇣѢ10-20% 20-40% 10%Ѣ40%䖯ᑺᢪᓊ䖯ᑺᢪᓊ䖯ᑺᢪᓊ䖯ᑺᢪᓊ䖯ᑺᢪᓊ䖯ᑺϡᰒ㨫ᇣѢ5-10%10-20% 5%Ѣ20%㣗ೈޣᇥ㣗ೈ㽕ᮍ䴶㣗ೈⱘЏ㽕ᮍ䴶㣗ೈ㓽ᇣࠄথ䍋Ҏ乍Ⳃ᳔㒜㒧ᵰ㣗ೈϡᰒ㨫ফࠄᕅડফࠄᕅડϡ㛑ফᅲ䰙᮴⊩Փ⫼䋼䞣ϟ䰡ҙ᳝㽕∖ᵕ݊ϹḐⱘ䋼䞣ϟ䰡䳔㽕⬅䋼䞣䰡Ԣࠄথ䍋Ҏ乍Ⳃ᳔㒜㒧ᵰ䋼䞣ϡᰒ㨫ᑨ⫼ফࠄᕅડᅵᡍৠᛣϡ㛑ফⱘᑺᅲ䰙᮴⊩Փ⫼Ϟ㸼ডњಯ乍乍ⳂⳂᷛⱘ亢䰽ᕅડ↨՟DŽ亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ䖛Ёᑨḍԧ乍Ⳃҹঞ㒘㒛ⱘ亢䰽ᡓফᑺ∈ᑇˈᇍ䆹ㄝ↨՟䖯㸠䇗ᭈˈৃҹҹৠḋⱘᮍᓣ⹂ᅮᴎӮᇍ乍ⳂⳂᷛⱘᕅડDŽ11-5˖ಯ乍乍ⳂⳂᷛⱘ亢䰽ᕅડᷛᑺ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 245
कϔゴ 乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚xׂᬍⱘ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ᡓফᑺDŽৃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ䖛Ёᇍ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘᡓফ∈ᑇ䖯㸠ׂ䅶ˈҹ䗖⫼Ѣԧ乍ⳂDŽx∛ḐᓣDŽ䯤䗄亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ˄খ㾕ǃǃǃ㡖ⱘݙᆍ˅ⱘݙᆍḐᓣҹঞ᠔䳔ⱘӏԩ݊ᅗ亢䰽ਞDŽ⬠ᅮབԩᇍ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䖛ⱘ៤ᵰ䖯㸠䆄ᔩǃߚᵤ≳䗮DŽx䎳䏾DŽ䇈ᯢབԩ䆄ᔩ亢䰽⌏ࡼⱘϾᮍ䴶ˈҹ֓կᔧࠡ乍ⳂՓ⫼ˈ⒵䎇ᴹ䳔∖⒵䎇㒣偠ᬭ䆁ᘏ㒧䖛ⱘ䳔㽕DŽ䇈ᯢᰃ৺ᇍ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䖛䖯㸠ᅵ䅵ǃབԩᅵ䅵DŽ亢䰽䆚߿亢䰽䆚߿ᣛ⹂ᅮાѯ亢䰽Ӯᕅડ乍Ⳃˈᑊᇚ݊⡍ᗻ䆄䕑៤᭛DŽখࡴ亢䰽䆚߿ⱘҎਬ䗮ᐌৃࣙᣀҹϟҎਬ˖乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ǃ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬǃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ಶ䯳˄བ᳝˅ǃ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ПⱘⳌ݇乚ඳϧᆊǃ乒ᅶǃ᳔㒜⫼᠋ǃ݊Ҫ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ǃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙亢䰽ㅵ⧚ϧᆊDŽ㱑✊Ϟ䗄Ҏਬᰃ亢䰽䆚߿䖛ⱘ݇䬂খϢ㗙ˈԚᑨ哧ࢅ᠔᳝乍ⳂҎਬখϢ亢䰽ⱘ䆚߿DŽ亢䰽䆚߿ᰃϔ乍ড䖛DŽ䱣ⴔ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑ਼ᳳⱘ䖯ሩ˄খ㾕㡖˅ˈᮄ亢䰽ৃ㛑Ӯߎ⦄DŽডⱘ乥⥛ҹঞ䇕খϢ↣ϔϾ䗁ࡴ䖛䛑Ӯ乍Ⳃ㗠ᓖDŽ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᑨখϢ䆹䖛ˈҹ֓ᇍ亢䰽ҹঞϢ亢䰽Ⳍ݇ⱘ亢䰽ᑨᇍᮑᔶ៤ᑊֱᣕϔ⾡䋷ӏᛳDŽ乍Ⳃಶ䯳Пⱘ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙гৃЎ乍Ⳃᦤկᅶ㾖ⱘֵᙃDŽ亢䰽䆚߿䖛䗮ᐌӮⳈᓩܹϟϔϾ䖛ˈ亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ䖛˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ᳝ᯊˈབᵰ亢䰽䆚߿䖛ᰃ⬅㒣偠Єᆠⱘ亢䰽㒣⧚ᅠ៤ⱘˈ߭ৃⳈ䖯ܹᅮ䞣ߚᵤ䖛˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ᳝ѯᚙމϟˈҙ䗮䖛亢䰽䆚߿䖛ेৃ⹂ᅮ亢䰽ᑨᇍᮑˈᑨᇍ䖭ѯᮑ䖯㸠䆄ᔩˈҹ֓亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ䖛˄খ㾕㡖˅Ё䖯㸠䖯ϔℹߚᵤᅲᮑDŽձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1ӕϮ⦃๗㋴.1᭛ӊᅵᶹ.1亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2ֵᙃ᧰䲚ᡔᴃ.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.3Ḍᇍ㸼ߚᵤ.4亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4؛䆒ߚᵤ.5乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.5㾷ᡔᴃ11-6˖亢䰽䆚߿˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2462004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
亢䰽䆚߿˖ձ .1 ӕϮ⦃๗㋴亢䰽䆚߿䖛Ёˈৃձ݀Ꮧⱘֵᙃˈ՟བ˖ଚϮ᭄ᑧǃᄺᴃⷨおǃޚখ✻݊ᅗ㸠Ϯⷨお⫼˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ .2 㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻৃҢܜࠡ乍Ⳃⱘ乍ⳂḷḜЁ㦋ᕫⳌֵ݇ᙃˈࣙᣀᅲ䰙᭄㒣偠ᬭ䆁˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ .3 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк䗮䖛乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкৃᶹࠄ乍Ⳃ؛䆒ᴵӊֵᙃ˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ᳝݇乍Ⳃ؛䆒ᴵӊⱘϡ⹂ᅮᗻˈᑨЎ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ⱘ┰៤䖯㸠䆘ԄDŽ .4 亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ亢䰽䆚߿䖛ᦤկⱘЏ㽕ձֵᙃࣙᣀ㾦㡆㘠䋷ⱘߚ䜡ǃ乘ㅫ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦЁ㒇ܹⱘ亢䰽ㅵ⧚⌏ࡼ㋴ˈҹঞ亢䰽㉏߿˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ亢䰽㉏߿᳝ᯊৃ⫼亢䰽ߚ㾷㒧ᵘᔶᓣ㸼⼎˄খ㾕11-4˅DŽ .5 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ亢䰽䆚߿䖛г㽕∖ᇍ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄খ㾕㡖˅Ёⱘ䖯ᑺǃ៤ᴀ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ᳝᠔њ㾷DŽᑨᇍ݊ᅗⶹ䆚乚ඳ䖛ⱘ៤ᵰ䖯㸠ᅵᶹˈҹ⹂ᅮ䎼䍞ᭈϾ乍11Ⳃⱘৃ㛑亢䰽DŽ 亢䰽䆚߿˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ .1 ᭛ӊᅵᶹᇍ乍Ⳃ᭛ӊ˄ࣙᣀ䅵ߦǃ؛䆒ǃܜࠡⱘ乍Ⳃ᭛ḷ݊ᅗֵᙃ˅䖯㸠㋏㒳ⱘ㒧ᵘᗻⱘᅵᶹDŽ乍Ⳃ䅵ߦ䋼䞣ǃ᠔᳝䅵ߦП䯈ⱘϔ㟈ᗻঞ݊Ϣ乍Ⳃ䳔∖؛䆒ᴵӊⱘヺড়ᑺഛৃ㸼⦄Ў乍ⳂЁⱘ亢䰽ᣛ⼎఼DŽ .2 ֵᙃ᧰䲚ᡔᴃ亢䰽䆚߿Ё᠔䞛⫼ⱘֵᙃ᧰䲚ᡔᴃⱘ՟ᄤࣙᣀ˖x䲚ᗱᑓⲞӮDŽ䲚ᗱᑓⲞӮⱘⳂⱘᰃপᕫϔӑ㓐ড়ⱘ亢䰽⏙ऩDŽ䲚ᗱᑓⲞӮ䗮ᐌ⬅乍Ⳃಶ䯳Џᣕˈ㱑✊гৃ䙔䇋ᄺ⾥ϧᆊᴹᅲᮑℸ乍ᡔᴃDŽϔԡЏᣕҎⱘࡼϟˈϢӮҎਬህ乍Ⳃⱘ亢䰽䖯㸠䲚ᗱᑓⲞDŽৃҹҹ亢䰽㉏߿˄খ㾕㡖ˈ՟བˈ亢䰽ߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˅Ў⸔ḚᶊDŽ✊ৢݡᇍ亢䰽䖯㸠ߚ䮼߿㉏ˈᑊ䖯ϔℹᇍ݊ᅮНࡴҹᯢ⹂DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 247
कϔゴ 乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚xᖋᇨ㧆ᡔᴃDŽᖋᇨ㧆ᡔᴃᰃϧᆊህᶤϔϧ乬䖒៤ϔ㟈ᛣ㾕ⱘϔ⾡ᮍ⊩DŽ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ϧᆊҹओৡᮍᓣখϢℸ乍⌏ࡼDŽЏᣕҎ⫼䯂ोᕕ䆶᳝݇䞡㽕乍Ⳃ亢䰽ⱘ㾕㾷DŽ䯂ोⱘㄨḜѸಲᑊ∛ᘏৢˈ䱣ेϧᆊПЁӴ䯙ˈ䇋ҪӀ䖯ϔℹথ㸼ᛣ㾕DŽℸ乍䖛䖯㸠㢹ᑆ䕂Пৢˈህϡ䲒ᕫߎ݇ѢЏ㽕乍Ⳃ亢䰽ⱘϔ㟈ⳟ⊩DŽᖋᇨ㧆ᡔᴃ᳝ࡽѢޣᇥ᭄Ёⱘأˈᑊ䰆ℶӏԩϾҎᇍ㒧ᵰϡ䗖ᔧഄѻ⫳䖛ⱘᕅડDŽx䆓䇜DŽ䗮䖛䆓䯂᳝㒣偠ⱘ乍ⳂখϢ㗙ǃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ᶤ乍䯂乬ⱘϧᆊˈৃҹ䆚߿亢䰽DŽ䆓䇜ᰃᬊ䲚亢䰽䆚߿᭄ⱘЏ㽕ᮍ⊩ПϔDŽxḍᴀॳ䆚߿DŽ㋏ᇍ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ⱘḍᴀॳ䖯㸠䇗ᶹDŽ䗮䖛䆚߿ḍᴀॳᴹᅠ亢䰽ᅮНᑊᣝ✻៤ᇍ亢䰽䖯㸠ߚ㉏DŽ䗮䖛㗗㰥亢䰽ḍᴀॳˈࠊᅮ᳝ᬜⱘ亢䰽ᑨᇍDŽxӬǃᔅ⚍ǃᴎӮϢ࿕㚕ߚᵤ˄SWOTߚᵤˈᗕߚᵤ˅DŽֱ䆕Ңᗕߚᵤⱘ↣Ͼ㾦ᑺᇍ乍Ⳃ䖯㸠ᅵ䆂ˈҹᠽ亢䰽㗗㰥ⱘᑓᑺDŽ .3 Ḍᇍ㸼ߚᵤ亢䰽䆚߿᠔⫼ⱘḌᇍ㸼ৃḍग़䌘᭭ǃҹᕔ㉏Ԑ乍Ⳃ᠔⿃㌃ⱘⶹ䆚ǃҹঞ݊Ҫֵᙃᴹ⑤ⴔࠊ䅶DŽ亢䰽ߚ㾷ᴎᵘⱘ᳔Ԣሖৃ⫼亢䰽Ḍᇍ㸼DŽՓ⫼Ḍᇍ㸼ⱘӬ⚍Пϔᰃ亢䰽䆚߿䖛䖙䗳ㅔ֓DŽ݊㔎⚍Пϔᰃ᠔ࠊ䅶Ḍᇍ㸼ϡৃ㛑ࣙ㔫ϛ䈵DŽᑨ䆹⊼ᛣ䅼ᷛޚḌᇍ㸼Ϟ߫ߎⱘџ乍DŽ乍Ⳃᬊሒ䖛ˈᑨᇍ亢䰽Ḍᇍ㸼䖯㸠ᅵᶹǃᬍ䖯ˈҹկᇚᴹⱘ乍ⳂՓ⫼DŽ .4؛䆒ߚᵤ↣Ͼ乍Ⳃ䛑ᰃḍϔ༫؛ᅮǃ䆒ᛇǃ㗙؛䆒䖯㸠ᵘᗱϢࠊ䅶ⱘDŽ؛䆒ߚᵤᰃẔ偠؛䆒᳝ᬜᗻ˄े؛䆒ᰃ৺៤ゟü䆥⊼˅ⱘϔ⾡ᡔᴃDŽᅗ䕼䅸ϡ㊒⹂ǃϡϔ㟈ǃϡᅠᭈⱘ؛䆒ᇍ乍Ⳃ᠔䗴៤ⱘ亢䰽DŽ .5 㾷ᡔᴃ㾷ᡔᴃৃࣙᣀ˖xᵰ˄খⳟ㡖˅DŽজ㹿⿄Ꮁ剐偼ˈ⫼Ѣ䆚߿亢䰽ⱘ៤DŽx㋏㒳䖛⌕DŽᰒ⼎㋏㒳ⱘ㽕㋴П䯈བԩⳌѦ㘨㋏ҹঞᵰӴᇐᴎࠊ˄݊ᦣ䗄䇋খⳟ㡖˅DŽxᕅડDŽᰒ⼎ᵰᕅડǃᣝᯊ䯈乎ᑣᥦ߫ⱘџӊˈҹঞব䞣Ϣ㒧ᵰП䯈ⱘ݊Ҫ݇㋏ⱘ㾷㸼⼎⊩DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2482004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
亢䰽䆚߿˖៤ᵰ亢䰽䆚߿䖛ⱘ៤ᵰϔ㠀䕑ܹ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩЁ˖ .1 亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ亢䰽䆚߿䖛ⱘЏ㽕៤ᵰᔶ៤乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁ˄খ㾕㡖˅亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩⱘ᳔߱䆄ᔩDŽ᳔㒜ˈ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩгᇚࣙᣀ݊ᅗ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䖛ⱘ៤ᵰDŽ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩⱘ㓪ࠊྟѢ亢䰽䆚߿䖛ˈЏ㽕ձϟֵ߫ᙃ㓪ࠊ㗠៤Пৢˈৃկ݊ᅗ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䖛Փ⫼DŽxᏆ䆚߿亢䰽⏙ऩ˖ℸᇍᏆ䆚߿亢䰽䖯㸠ᦣ䗄ˈࣙᣀ݊ḍᴀॳǃϡ⹂ᅮⱘ乍Ⳃ؛䆒ㄝDŽ亢䰽ৃ⍝ঞӏԩЏ乬ᮍ䴶ˈ՟བ˖݇䬂䏃㒓Ϟⱘ乍䞡⌏ࡼ᳝ᕜ䭓ⱘ䍙ࠡᯊ䯈DŽ␃ষⱘࢇ䌘ѝ䆂ᇚᓊ䖳Ѹ䋻ˈᑊᇚᢪᓊᮑᎹᳳⱘᅠ៤DŽϔ乍乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁ؛䆒⬅10ҎখϢ乍ⳂˈԚᅲ䰙ҙ᳝6乍䌘⑤ৃ⫼DŽ䌘⑤ंУᇚᕅડᅠ៤Ꮉ᠔䳔ⱘᯊ䯈ˈৠᯊⳌ݇⌏ࡼᇚ㹿ᢪᓊDŽx┰ᑨᇍᮑ⏙ऩ˖亢䰽䆚߿䖛ˈৃ䆚߿亢䰽ⱘ┰ᑨᇍᮑDŽབℸ⹂ᅮⱘ亢䰽ᑨᇍᮑৃЎ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ䖛˄খ㾕㡖˅ⱘձDŽx亢䰽ḍᴀॳ˖㋏ᣛৃᇐ㟈Ꮖ䆚߿亢䰽ⱘḍᴀ⢊ᗕџӊDŽx亢䰽㉏߿ᮄ˖䆚߿亢䰽ⱘ䖛Ёˈৃ㛑Ӯ䆚߿ᮄⱘ亢䰽㉏߿ˈ䖯㗠ᇚᮄ亢䰽㉏߿㒇ܹ亢䰽㉏߿⏙ऩЁDŽѢ亢䰽䆚߿䖛ⱘ៤ᵰˈৃᇍ亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ䖛Ёᔶ៤ⱘ亢䰽ߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䖯㸠ׂᬍᅠDŽ亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤࣙᣀЎњ䞛প䖯ϔℹ㸠ࡼˈᇍᏆ䆚߿亢䰽䖯㸠Ӭܜᥦᑣⱘᮍ⊩ˈ՟བ˖亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤ˄খ㾕㡖˅亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ㒘㒛ৃ䗮䖛݇⊼催Ӭܜ㑻亢䰽ˈ᳝ᬜᬍ乍Ⳃ㒽ᬜDŽ亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤᣛ䗮䖛㗗㰥亢䰽থ⫳ⱘὖ⥛ǃ亢䰽থ⫳ৢᇍ乍ⳂⳂᷛⱘᕅડ݊ᅗ㋴˄՟བ˖ᯊ䯈Ḛᶊ乍Ⳃಯࠊ㑺ᴵӊˈे˖៤ᴀǃ䖯ᑺǃ㣗ೈ䋼䞣ⱘ亢䰽ᡓফᑺ∈ᑇ˅ˈᇍᏆ䆚߿亢䰽ⱘӬܜᑺ䖯㸠䆘ԄDŽ䗮䖛ὖ⥛ᕅડ㑻߿ᅮНҹঞϧᆊ䆓䇜ˈৃ᳝ࡽѢ㑴ℷ䆹䖛᠔Փ⫼ⱘ᭄ЁⱘأᏂDŽⳌ݇亢䰽㸠ࡼⱘᯊ䯈㋻䖿ᗻৃ㛑Ӯ༌亢䰽ⱘϹ䞡ᑺDŽᇍⳂࠡᏆᥠᦵⱘ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ֵᙃⱘ䋼䞣䖯㸠䆘Ԅ᳝ࡽѢ⧚㾷᳝݇亢䰽ᇍ乍Ⳃ䞡㽕ᗻⱘ䆘Ԅ㒧ᵰDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 249
कϔゴ 乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ䗮ᐌᰃЎ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ䖛⹂ゟӬܜᑺⱘϔ⾡㒣⌢᳝ᬜǃᖿ᥋ⱘᮍ⊩ˈᑊЎ亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤ˄བᵰ䳔㽕䆹䖛˅༴ᅮ⸔DŽ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑ਼ᳳݙᑨ䆹ᇍ亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ䖯㸠䞡ᮄᅵᶹҹ⹂ֱ݊ড乍Ⳃ亢䰽ⱘᅲᯊব࣪DŽ亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ䖛䳔㽕Փ⫼亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ䖛˄খ㾕㡖˅亢䰽䆚߿䖛˄খ㾕㡖˅ⱘ៤ᵰDŽ亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ䖛ᅠ៤ৢˈৃ䖯ܹ亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤ䖛˄খ㾕㡖˅Ⳉ䖯ܹ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ䖛˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.1亢䰽ὖ⥛Ϣᕅડ䆘Ԅ.1亢䰽䆄ᔩऩ˄ᮄ˅.2乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.2ὖ⥛ᕅડⶽ䰉.3亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.3亢䰽᭄䋼䞣䆘Ԅ.4亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ.4亢䰽ߚ㉏.5亢䰽㋻䖿ᗻ䆘Ԅ11-7˖亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ 亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ˖ձ .1 㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ䖯㸠亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ䖛Ёˈৃ׳⫼ܜࠡ乍Ⳃⱘ亢䰽᭄ঞ㒣偠ᬭ䆁ⶹ䆚ᑧDŽ .2 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкᐌ㾕ডᗻⱘ乍Ⳃᇍ亢䰽џӊথ⫳ὖ⥛ঞ݊ৢᵰᕔᕔ⧚㾷↨䕗䗣ᕏDŽ㗠䞛⫼᳔ᮄᡔᴃ߯ᮄᗻᡔᴃⱘ乍Ⳃ㗙ᵕ݊ᴖⱘ乍Ⳃˈ݊ϡ⹂ᅮᗻᕔᕔ㽕䆌DŽৃ䗮䖛Ẕᶹ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˄খ㾕㡖˅ᇍℸ䖯㸠䆘ԄDŽ .3 亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁ⫼Ѣ亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤⱘ݇䬂ܗ㋴ࣙᣀ˖亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾦㡆㘠䋷ǃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚乘ㅫ䖯ᑺ⌏ࡼǃ亢䰽㉏߿ǃὖ⥛ᕅડⱘᅮНҹঞὖ⥛ᕅડⶽ䰉ׂᬍৢⱘ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ᡓফᑺ˄Ѻ䇋খ㾕㡖ЁⱘӕϮ⦃๗㋴˅DŽ亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ䖛Ёˈ䗮ᐌᣝ✻乍Ⳃԧᚙމᇍ䖭ѯܗ㋴䖯㸠䇗ᭈDŽབᵰ䖭ѯܗ㋴ϡᄬˈৃ亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ䖛Ёˈᓎゟ䖭ѯܗ㋴DŽ .4 亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩህ亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ㗠㿔ˈᴹ㞾Ѣ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩⱘϔ乍݇䬂ձᰃˈᏆ䆚߿亢䰽ⱘ⏙ऩ˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2502004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ .1 亢䰽ὖ⥛Ϣᕅડ䆘Ԅ亢䰽ὖ⥛䆘Ԅ㋏ᣛ䇗ᶹ↣乍ԧ亢䰽থ⫳ⱘৃ㛑ᗻDŽ亢䰽ᕅડ䆘Ԅᮼ䇗ᶹ亢䰽ᇍ乍ⳂⳂᷛ˄՟བ˖ᯊ䯈ǃ䌍⫼ǃ㣗ೈ䋼䞣˅ⱘ┰ᕅડˈ᮶ࣙᣀ⍜ᵕᕅડ࿕㚕ˈгࣙᣀ⿃ᵕᕅડᴎӮDŽ䩜ᇍ䆚߿ⱘ↣乍亢䰽ˈ⹂ᅮ亢䰽ⱘὖ⥛ᕅડDŽৃ䗮䖛ᣥ䗝ᇍ亢䰽㉏߿❳ᙝⱘҎਬ,䞛⫼ীᓔӮ䆂䖯㸠䆓䇜ㄝᮍᓣˈᇍ亢䰽䖯㸠䆘ԄDŽ݊Ёˈࣙᣀ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬ乍Ⳃ䚼ⱘϧϮҎDŽ㒘㒛ⱘग़᭄ᑧЁ݇Ѣ亢䰽ᮍ䴶ⱘֵᙃৃ㛑ᆹᆹ᮴ˈℸᯊˈ䳔㽕ϧᆊخߎ߸ᮁDŽ⬅ѢখϢ㗙ৃ㛑ϡ᳝亢䰽䆘Ԅᮍ䴶ⱘӏԩ㒣偠ˈℸ䳔㽕⬅㒣偠ЄᆠⱘЏᣕҎᓩᇐ䅼䆎DŽ䆓䇜Ӯ䆂ᳳ䯈ˈᇍ↣乍亢䰽ⱘὖ⥛㑻߿ঞ݊ᇍ↣乍Ⳃᷛⱘᕅડ䖯㸠䆘ԄDŽ݊Ёˈг䳔㽕䆄䕑Ⳍ݇ⱘ䇈ᯢֵᙃˈࣙᣀ⹂ᅮὖ⥛ᕅડ㑻߿᠔ձ䌪ⱘ؛䆒ᴵӊㄝDŽḍ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄খ㾕㡖˅Ё㒭ᅮⱘᅮНˈ⹂ᅮ亢䰽ὖ⥛ᕅડⱘㄝ㑻DŽ᳝ᯊˈ亢䰽ὖ⥛ᕅડᯢᰒᕜԢˈℸ⾡ᚙމϟˈϡӮᇍП䖯㸠ㄝ㑻ᥦᑣˈ㗠ᰃЎᕙ㾖ᆳ乍Ⳃܹ߫⏙ऩЁˈկᇚᴹ䖯ϔℹⲥ⌟DŽ .2 ὖ⥛ / ᕅડⶽ䰉Ѣ亢䰽ㄝ㑻ˈᇍ亢䰽䖯㸠Ӭܜᥦᑣˈ֓Ѣ䖯㸠䖯ϔℹⱘᅮ䞣ߚᵤ˄খ㾕㡖˅亢䰽ᑨᇍ˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽѢ䆘ᅮⱘ亢䰽ὖ⥛ᕅડ㑻߿ᇍ亢䰽䖯㸠11ㄝ㑻䆘ᅮ˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ䗮ᐌ䗮䖛খ✻㸼ⱘᔶᓣὖ⥛ᕅડⶽ䰉˄খ㾕11-8˅ⱘᔶᓣˈᴹ䆘Ԅ↣乍亢䰽ⱘ䞡㽕ᗻˈঞ݊㋻䖿ᑺDŽὖ⥛ᕅડⶽ䰉ᔶᓣ㾘ᅮњ⾡亢䰽ὖ⥛ᕅડ㒘ড়ˈᑊ㾘ᅮાѯ㒘ড়㹿䆘ᅮЎ催䞡㽕ᗻǃЁㄝ䞡㽕ᗻԢ䞡㽕ᗻDŽḍ㒘㒛ⱘأདˈৃҹՓ⫼ᦣ䗄ᗻ᭛ᄫՓ⫼᭄ᄫ㸼⼎DŽ㒘㒛ᑨ⹂ᅮા⾡亢䰽ὖ⥛ᕅડⱘ㒘ড়ৃ㹿䆘ᅮЎ催亢䰽˄㑶♃⢊ᗕ˅ǃЁㄝᑺ亢䰽˄咘♃⢊ᗕ˅Ԣ亢䰽˄㓓♃⢊ᗕ˅DŽ咥ⱑϸ⾡㡆ᔽ㒘៤ⱘⶽ䰉Ёˈ䖭ѯϡৠⱘ⢊ᗕৃߚ߿⫼ϡৠ⏅ᑺⱘ♄㡆ҷ㸼ˈԧ㗠㿔ˈབ11-8᠔⼎ˈ⏅♄㡆˄᳔᭄ؐⱘऎඳ˅ҷ㸼催亢䰽˗Ёㄝ⏅ᑺ♄㡆ऎඳ˄᳔᭄ؐᇣ˅ҷ㸼Ԣ亢䰽ˈ㗠⌙♄㡆ऎඳ˄᭄ؐҟѢ᳔᳔ᇣؐП䯈˅ҷ㸼Ёㄝᑺ亢䰽DŽ䗮ᐌˈ⬅㒘㒛乍ⳂᓔሩПࠡᦤࠡ⬠ᅮ亢䰽ㄝ㑻䆘ᅮᑣˈᑊ䆄ܹ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻПЁ˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ䖛Ё˄খ㾕㡖˅ˈৃḍԧ乍Ⳃᅮࠊ亢䰽ㄝ㑻䆘ᅮ㾘߭DŽ11-8᠔⼎ᰃᐌ㾕ⱘ亢䰽ὖ⥛ᕅડⶽ䰉DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 251
कϔゴ 乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ὖ⥛ᕅડⶽ䰉ὖ⥛࿕㚕ᴎӮ ᇍⳂᷛⱘᕅડ˄՟བˈ៤ᴀǃᯊ䯈ǃ㣗ೈ˅˄↨⥛ᷛᑺ˅↣ϔ亢䰽ᣝ݊থ⫳ὖ⥛ঞϔᮺথ⫳᠔䗴៤ⱘᕅડ䆘ᅮ㑻߿DŽⶽ䰉Ё᠔⼎㒘㒛㾘ᅮⱘԢ亢䰽ǃЁㄝ亢䰽ǃϢ催亢䰽ⱘЈ⬠ؐ⹂ᅮњ亢䰽ⱘᕫߚDŽ11-8˖ὖ⥛-ᕅડⶽ䰉བ11-8᠔⼎ˈ㒘㒛ৃ䩜ᇍ↣乍Ⳃᷛ˄՟བ˖ᯊ䯈ǃ䌍⫼㣗ೈ˅ऩ⣀䆘ᅮϔ乍亢䰽ⱘㄝ㑻DŽˈгৃࠊᅮⳌ݇ᮍ⊩Ў↣乍亢䰽⹂ᅮϔϾᘏԧⱘㄝ㑻∈ᑇDŽ᳔ৢˈৃ䗮䖛Փ⫼᳝݇ᴎӮ࿕㚕ᕅડㄝ㑻ⱘᅮНˈৠϔⶽ䰉Ёˈ㗗㰥ᴎӮ࿕㚕㋴DŽ亢䰽ߚؐৃЎ亢䰽ᑨᇍᮑᦤկᣛᇐDŽ՟བˈབᵰ亢䰽থ⫳Ӯᇍ乍ⳂⳂᷛѻ⫳ϡ߽ᕅડ˄े˖࿕㚕˅ˈᑊϨ໘Ѣⶽ䰉催亢䰽˄⏅♄㡆˅ऎඳˈৃ㛑䳔㽕䞛প䞡⚍ᮑˈᑊ䞛প⿃ᵕⱘᑨᇍㄪ⬹DŽ㗠ᇍѢ໘ѢԢ亢䰽ऎඳ˄Ёㄝ⏅ᑺ♄㡆˅ⱘ࿕㚕ˈা乏ᇚПᬒܹᕙ㾖ᆳ亢䰽⏙ऩߚ䜡ᑨᗹټ乱ˈϡ䳔䞛পӏԩ݊ᅗ⿃ᵕㅵ⧚ᮑDŽৠḋˈᇍѢ໘Ѣ催亢䰽˄⏅♄㡆˅ऎඳⱘᴎӮˈ᳔ᆍᯧᅲ⦄㗠Ϩ㛑ᏺᴹ᳔ⱘ߽ⲞˈℸᑨܜҹℸЎᎹ䞡⚍DŽᇍѢԢ亢䰽˄Ёㄝ⏅ᑺ♄㡆˅ऎඳⱘᴎӮˈᑨᇍП䖯㸠ⲥ⌟DŽ .3 亢䰽᭄䋼䞣䆘Ԅ亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ㽕᳝ৃֵᑺˈህ㽕∖Փ⫼ޚ⹂᮴أ乛ⱘ᭄DŽ亢䰽᭄䋼䞣ߚᵤህᰃ䆘Ԅ᳝݇亢䰽ⱘ᭄ᇍ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ⱘ᳝⫼ᑺⱘϔ⾡ᡔᴃDŽᅗࣙᣀẔᶹҎӀᇍ亢䰽ⱘ⧚㾷ᑺҹঞ亢䰽᭄ⱘ㊒⹂ᗻǃ䋼䞣ǃৃ䴴ᗻᅠᭈᗻDŽ⫼ޚ⹂ᗻᕜԢⱘ᭄ᕫߎⱘ亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ㒧ᵰᇍ乍Ⳃ↿᮴⫼໘DŽབᵰ᮴⊩ফ᭄ⱘ㊒⹂ᑺˈ߭䳔㽕䞡ᮄ᧰䲚䋼䞣䕗དⱘ᭄DŽ䗮ᐌˈ亢䰽ֵᙃᬊ䲚䍋ᴹᕜ䲒ˈᑊϨ⍜㗫ⱘᯊ䯈䌘⑤Ӯ䍙ߎ乘ᅮⱘ䅵ߦDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2522004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.4亢䰽ߚ㉏ৃᣝ✻亢䰽ᴹ⑤˄Փ⫼亢䰽ߚ㾷ⶽ䰉˅ǃফᕅડⱘ乍Ⳃऎඳ˄Փ⫼Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˅ǃ݊Ҫߚ㉏ᷛޚ˄՟བ˖乍Ⳃ䰊↉˅ᇍ乍Ⳃ亢䰽䖯㸠ߚ㉏ˈҹ⹂ᅮফϡ⹂ᅮᗻᕅડ᳔ⱘ乍ⳂऎඳDŽḍ݅ৠⱘḍᴀॳᇍ亢䰽䖯㸠ߚ㉏ৃ᳝ࡽѢࠊᅮ᳝ᬜⱘ亢䰽ᑨᇍᮑDŽ .5 亢䰽㋻䖿ᗻ䆘Ԅ䳔㽕䖥ᳳ䞛পᑨᇍᮑⱘ亢䰽ৃ㹿㾚Ўѳ䳔㾷އⱘ亢䰽DŽᅲᮑ亢䰽ᑨᇍᮑ᠔䳔ⱘᯊ䯈ǃ亢䰽ᕕܚǃ䄺ਞ亢䰽ㄝ㑻ㄝ䛑ৃЎ⹂ᅮ亢䰽Ӭܜᑺˋ㋻䖿ᗻⱘᣛᷛDŽ 亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ˖៤ᵰ .1 亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ˄ᮄ˅亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩᰃ亢䰽䆚߿䖛Ёᔶ៤ⱘˈᑊḍ亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤⱘֵᙃ䖯㸠ᮄˈᇚᮄৢⱘ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ㒇ܹ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦПЁDŽձ亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤᇍ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ䖯㸠ᮄⱘݙᆍࣙᣀ˖x乍Ⳃ亢䰽ⱘⳌᇍᥦᑣӬܜᑺ⏙ऩ˖ৃՓ⫼亢䰽ὖ⥛ᕅડⶽ䰉ˈḍ亢䰽ⱘ䞡㽕ᑺ䖯㸠ߚ㉏DŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ৃখ㗗亢䰽Ӭܜᑺ⏙ऩˈ䲚Ё㊒໘⧚催䞡㽕ᗻⱘ亢䰽ˈҹ㦋ᕫདⱘ乍Ⳃ៤ᵰDŽབᵰ㒘㒛݇⊼݊Ёϔ乍Ⳃᷛ11ˈ߭ৃߚ߿Ў៤ᴀǃᯊ䯈ǃ㣗ೈ䋼䞣Ⳃᷛऩ⣀߫ߎ亢䰽ӬܜᑺDŽᇍѢ㹿䆘ᅮЎᇍ乍Ⳃकߚ䞡㽕ⱘ亢䰽㗠㿔ˈᑨᇍ݊亢䰽ὖ⥛ᕅડⱘ䆘ᅮ⸔ձ䖯㸠ᦣ䗄DŽxᣝ✻㉏߿ߚ㉏ⱘ亢䰽˖䖯㸠亢䰽ߚ㉏ˈৃᧁ⼎亢䰽ⱘ݅ৠॳ⡍߿䳔㽕݇⊼ⱘ乍Ⳃ乚ඳDŽথ⦄亢䰽䲚Ёⱘ乚ඳПৢˈৃᦤ催亢䰽ᑨᇍⱘ᳝ᬜᗻDŽx䳔㽕䖥ᳳ䞛পᑨᇍᮑⱘ亢䰽⏙ऩ˖䳔㽕䞛প㋻ᗹᑨᇍᮑⱘ亢䰽ৃҞৢᶤѯᯊ໘⧚ⱘ亢䰽ᑨߚܹϡৠⱘ㉏߿DŽx䳔㽕䖯ϔℹߚᵤϢᑨᇍⱘ亢䰽⏙ऩ˖᳝ѯ亢䰽ৃ㛑䳔㽕䖯ϔℹߚᵤˈࣙᣀ亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤˈҹঞ䞛প亢䰽ᑨᇍᮑDŽxԢӬܜᑺ亢䰽㾖ᆳ⏙ऩ˖亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ䖛Ёᡞ䆘ᅮЎϡ䞡㽕ⱘ亢䰽ᬒܹ㾖ᆳ⏙ऩЁˈ䖯㸠䖯ϔℹⲥ⌟DŽx亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ㒧ᵰⱘ䍟˖ߚᵤ䞡䖯㸠ৢˈ⡍ᅮ亢䰽ⱘߚᵤ㒧ᵰৃ㛑ߎ⦄ᶤ⾡ᯢᰒ䍟ˈҢ㗠Փ䞛পᑨᇍᮑˈ㗙䖯ϔℹ䖯㸠ߚᵤˈবᕫ↨䕗㋻䖿㗙↨䕗䞡㽕DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 253
कϔゴ 乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤ亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤ㋏ᣛᇍ亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ䖛ЁЎᇍ乍Ⳃ䳔∖ᄬ┰䞡ᕅડ㗠ᥦᑣܜⱘ亢䰽䖯㸠ߚᵤDŽ亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤ䖛㋏ᇍ䖭ѯ亢䰽џӊⱘᕅડ䖯㸠ߚᵤᑊህ亢䰽ߚ䜡ϔϾ᭄ؐDŽ亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤᰃϡ⹂ᅮᚙމϟ䖯㸠އㄪⱘϔ⾡䞣࣪ᮍ⊩DŽ䆹乍䖛䞛⫼㩭⡍व⋯ᢳϢއㄪᷥߚᵤㄝ乍ᡔᴃˈҹ֓˖xᇍ乍Ⳃ㒧ᵰҹঞᅲ⦄乍Ⳃ㒧ᵰⱘὖ⥛䖯㸠䞣࣪DŽx䆘Ԅᅲ⦄ԧ乍ⳂⳂᷛⱘὖ⥛˗x䗮䖛䞣࣪乍亢䰽ᇍ乍Ⳃᘏԧ亢䰽ⱘᕅડˈ⹂ᅮ䳔⡍߿䞡㾚ⱘ亢䰽DŽx㗗㰥乍Ⳃ亢䰽ⱘᚙމϟˈ⹂ᅮৃҹᅲ⦄ⱘߛড়ᅲ䰙ⱘ៤ᴀǃ䖯ᑺ㣗ೈⳂᷛDŽxᶤѯᴵӊ㒧ᵰϡ⹂ᅮᯊˈ⹂ᅮ᳔Շⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚އㄪDŽ亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤϔ㠀亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤПৢ䖯㸠ˈԚᰃˈ㒣偠Єᆠⱘ亢䰽㒣⧚᳝ᯊ亢䰽ߚᵤ䖛ПৢᕘⳈ䖯㸠ᅮ䞣ߚᵤDŽ᳝ᯊˈࠊᅮ᳝ᬜⱘ亢䰽ᑨᇍㄪ⬹ᑊϡ䳔㽕䖯㸠亢䰽䞣࣪ߚᵤDŽ䞛⫼ԩ⾡ᮍ⊩পއѢᯊ䯈ǃ᳝᮴䆹乍乘ㅫˈҹঞᇍ亢䰽ঞ݊ৢᵰ䖯㸠ᅮᗻᅮ䞣ᦣ䗄ⱘᖙ㽕ᗻDŽ䖯㸠亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦПৢҹঞЎ亢䰽ⲥⴷࠊ䖛ⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚˈᑨ䞡ᮄ䖯㸠ᅮ䞣ߚᵤˈҹ⹂ᅮ乍Ⳃᘏԧ亢䰽ᰃ৺ᕫࠄ⒵ᛣഄ䰡ԢDŽ䞡䖯㸠亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤ᠔ᕫⱘ㒧ᵰ䍟ৃᧁ⼎ᰃ䳔㽕ࡴ䖬ᰃޣᇥ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ᮑDŽᅗᰃ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ䖛ⱘϔ乍ձDŽձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.1᭄ᬊ䲚㸼⼎ᡔᴃ.1亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ˄ᮄ˅.2乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.2亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤൟ.3亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦᡔᴃ.4亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ.5乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦx乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦx乍Ⳃ៤ᴀㅵ⧚䅵ߦ11-9˖亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2542004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤ˖ձ .1 㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻࣙᣀܜࠡᅠ៤ⱘ㉏Ԑ乍Ⳃⱘֵᙃǃ亢䰽ϧᆊᇍ㉏Ԑ乍Ⳃⱘⷨおҹঞ㸠Ϯϧ᳝⏴䘧㦋ᕫⱘ亢䰽᭄ᑧDŽ .2 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк݊ᦣ䗄㾕㡖DŽ .3 亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦህ亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤ㗠㿔ˈᴹ㞾Ѣ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘ݇䬂㽕㋴ࣙᣀ亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾦㡆㘠䋷ǃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚乘ㅫ䖯ᑺ⌏ࡼǃ亢䰽㉏߿ǃ亢䰽ߚ㾷㒧ᵘׂᬍⱘ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙亢䰽ᡓফᑺDŽ .4 亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩህ亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤ㗠㿔ˈᴹ㞾Ѣ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩⱘ݇䬂乍ⳂࣙᣀᏆ䆚߿亢䰽߫㸼ǃ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ⱘⳌᇍᥦᑣӬܜᑺ㸼ҹঞᣝ✻㉏߿ᔦ㉏ⱘ亢䰽DŽ .5 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦࣙᣀ˖x乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˖乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦЎ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺⱘࠊᅮࠊ㾘ᅮњḐ11ᓣᷛޚ˄খ㾕6ゴㅔҟ䚼ߚⱘݙᆍ˅x乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˖乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦЎ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ⱘ㾘ߦǃᶊᵘǃԄㅫǃ乘ㅫࠊ㾘ᅮњḐᓣᷛޚ˄খ㾕7ゴⱘㅔҟ䚼ߚⱘݙᆍ˅DŽ 亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ .1 ᭄ᬊ䲚㸼⼎ᡔᴃx䆓䇜˖䆓䇜ᡔᴃ⫼Ѣᇍ亢䰽ὖ⥛ঞ݊ᇍ乍ⳂⳂᷛѻ⫳ⱘৢᵰ䖯㸠䞣࣪DŽ᠔䳔ⱘֵᙃপއѢ䞛⫼ⱘὖ⥛ߚᏗ㉏ൟDŽ՟བˈ᳝ѯᐌ⫼ߚᏗˈ㽕∖᧰䲚Ф㾖˄Ԣ˅ǃᚆ㾖˄催˅Ϣ᳔ৃ㛑থ⫳ⱘᚙމⱘⳌ݇䌘᭭˗㗠݊ҪߚᏗˈ߭㽕∖᧰䲚ᑇഛؐϢᷛޚᏂⱘ䌘᭭DŽ11-10᠔⼎Ўҹϝ⚍Ԅㅫ⊩Ԅㅫ៤ᴀⱘϔϾ՟ᄤDŽᇚ亢䰽ؐඳ䆒ᅮⱘ⧚⬅ᔶ៤᭛ᄫ䆄䕑ᰃ亢䰽䆓䇜ⱘϔϾ䞡㽕㒘៤䚼ߚˈЎᅗ᳝ࡽѢᦤկ䆹乍ߚᵤᰃ৺ৃ䴴ǃᰃ৺ৃֵⱘֵᙃDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 255
कϔゴ 乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ៤ᴀԄㅫϢؐඳWBS㒘៤㽕㋴Ԣৃ㛑ᗻ᳔催䆒䅵4 6 10 ᮑᎹ16 20 35 䆩偠11 15 23 ᭈϾ乍Ⳃ41亢䰽䴶䇜⹂ᅮ↣ϾWBS㒘៤㽕㋴ⱘϝ⚍Ԅ䅵˄⫼Ѣϝ㾦ߚᏗ݊Ҫ䴲ᇍ⿄ᗻߚᏗ˅DŽӴ㒳Ԅㅫؐ$41Пݙᅠ៤乍Ⳃⱘὖ⥛ᕜԢˈབ11-13ⱘᢳ㒧ᵰ᠔⼎DŽ11-10˖亢䰽䆓䇜᠔ᕫࠄⱘ៤ᴀԄㅫϢؐඳxὖ⥛ߚᏗ˖䖲㓁ὖ⥛ߚᏗҷ㸼᭄ؐⱘϡ⹂ᅮᗻˈ՟བ˖䖯ᑺ⌏ࡼⱘᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈乍Ⳃ㒘ӊⱘ៤ᴀㄝDŽ㗠ϡ䖲㓁ߚᏗৃ⫼Ѣ㸼⼎ϡ⹂ᅮџӊˈ՟བˈ⌟䆩ⱘ㒧ᵰއㄪᷥⱘᶤ⾡ৃ㛑䗝乍ㄝDŽ11-11᠔⼎Ўᑓ⊯Փ⫼ⱘϸϾ䖲㓁ߚᏗⱘ⼎՟DŽ݊㒧ᵰਜ䴲ᇍ⿄ᮍᓣߚᏗˈ݊ҷ㸼ⱘᔶ⢊Ϣ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ߚᵤ䖛Ёᔶ៤ⱘൟ᭄ⳌヺDŽབᵰ㾘ᅮⱘ᳔催᳔ؐԢؐП䯈≵᳝↨݊ᅗ᳝ৃ㛑ⱘ᭄ؐˈ߭ৃՓ⫼ഛࣔߚᏗˈ՟བὖᗉ䆒䅵䰊↉ेᰃ䖭⾡ᚙމDŽ䋱ᅗߚᏗϝ㾦ߚᏗ䋱ศߚᏗϝ㾦ߚᏗᐌ⫼Ѣ亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤDŽЁⱘ䋱ศߚᏗҙЎ䋱ศߚᏗᮣⱘϔϾ՟ᄤDŽ݊Ҫᐌ㾕ⱘߚᏗࣙᣀഛࣔߚᏗǃℷᗕߚᏗᇍ᭄ℷᗕߚᏗDŽ݊Ё㒉䕈㸼⼎ᯊ䯈៤ᴀⱘৃ㛑ؐˈ㗠῾䕈㸼⼎Ⳍᇍὖ⥛DŽ11-11˖ᐌ⫼ὖ⥛ߚᏗВ՟®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2562004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
xϧᆊ߸ᮁ˖乍Ⳃ䚼ݙ䚼ⱘϧϮ䇒乬ϧᆊˈ՟བᎹ㒳䅵ϧᆊˈৃᇍ᭄ᡔᴃ䖯㸠偠䆕DŽ .2 亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤൟᡔᴃ䗮⫼ⱘ亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤᡔᴃࣙᣀ˖xᬣᛳᗻߚᵤ˖ᬣᛳᗻߚᵤ᳝ࡽѢ⹂ᅮાѯ亢䰽ᇍ乍Ⳃ᳔᳝ⱘ┰ᕅડDŽᅗᡞ᠔᳝݊ᅗϡ⹂ᅮ㋴ֱᣕޚؐⱘᴵӊϟˈ㗗ᆳ乍Ⳃⱘ↣乍㽕㋴ⱘϡ⹂ᅮᗻᇍⳂᷛѻ⫳ᑺⱘᕅડDŽᬣᛳᗻߚᵤ᳔ᐌ⫼ⱘᰒ⼎ᮍᓣᰃ啭ो亢DŽ啭ो亢᳝ࡽѢ↨䕗᳝䕗催ϡ⹂ᅮᗻⱘব䞣ϢⳌᇍ〇ᅮⱘব䞣П䯈ⱘⳌᇍ䞡㽕ᑺDŽx乘ᳳ䋻ᏕӋؐߚᵤ˖乘ᳳ䋻ᏕӋؐߚᵤ˄EMV˅ᰃϔϾ㒳䅵ὖᗉˈ⫼ҹ䅵ㅫᇚᴹᶤ⾡ᚙމথ⫳ϡথ⫳ᚙމϟⱘᑇഛ㒧ᵰ˄े˖ϡ⹂ᅮ⢊ᗕϟⱘߚᵤ˅DŽᴎӮⱘ乘ᳳ䋻ᏕӋؐϔ㠀㸼⼎Ўℷ᭄ˈ㗠亢䰽ⱘ乘ᳳ䋻ᏕӋؐϔ㠀㹿㸼⼎Ў䋳᭄DŽ↣Ͼৃ㛑㒧ᵰⱘ᭄ؐϢ݊থ⫳ὖ⥛ⳌЬПৢࡴᘏˈेᕫߎ乘ᳳ䋻ᏕӋؐDŽ䖭⾡ߚᵤ᳔䗮ᐌⱘ⫼䗨ᰃ⫼Ѣއㄪᷥߚᵤ˄খ㾕11-12˅DŽᓎ䆂䌍⫼䖯ᑺ亢䰽ߚᵤЁˈՓ⫼ൟᢳᡔᴃˈЎϢ乘ᳳ䋻ᏕӋؐߚᵤⳌ↨ˈ䖭ϸ⾡ᡔᴃЎᴖᔎˈϡᯧѢ㹿䇃⫼DŽxއㄪᷥߚᵤ˖އㄪᷥᰃᇍ᠔㗗㰥ⱘއㄪҹঞ䞛⫼䖭⾡㗙䙷⾡⦄᳝ᮍḜৃ㛑ѻ⫳ⱘৢᵰ䖯㸠ᦣ䗄ⱘϔ⾡㾷ᮍ⊩˄11-12˅DŽᅗ㓐ড়њ↣乍ৃ⫼䗝乍ⱘ៤ᴀὖ⥛ҹঞ↣ᴵџӊ䘏䕥䏃ᕘⱘᬊⲞDŽᔧ᠔᳝ᬊⲞৢ㓁އㄪܼ䚼䞣࣪Пৢˈއㄪᷥⱘ∖㾷䖛ˈৃᕫߎ↣乍ᮍḜⱘ乘ᳳ䋻ᏕӋؐ˄11㒘㒛݇ᖗⱘ݊ᅗ㸵䞣ᣛᷛ˅DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 257
कϔゴ 乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚އㄪᅮНއㄪ㡖⚍ᴎӮ㡖⚍㒃䏃ᕘӋؐ䅵ㅫ˖ձ˖↣乍䗝ᢽⱘ៤ᴀձ˖ᚙ᱃ὖ⥛থ⫳ৢⱘ༪ࢅࠊᅮއㄪ˄Ⲝ߽ޣএ៤ᴀ˅៤ᵰ˖Ꮖᅮއㄪ˄ᇍǃ䫭˅៤ᵰ˖ᳳᳯ⦄䞥Ӌؐ˄EMV˅⊓䏃ᕘ65%ᔎ㽕∖$80M $200 FalseᴎӮ㡖⚍EMV ᓎ䗴ᮄ⊍ⓚॖ$ -$120 35%-$30M ᔅ䳔∖$90 އㄪⱘEMVᓎ䗴㗙छ㑻˛$49 65%ᔎ㽕∖$70M $120 True ᴎӮ㡖⚍ⱘEMV छ㑻⦄᳝⊍ⓚॖ$49 -$50 35%ᔅ䳔∖$10M $60 䆹އㄪᷥডњ⦃๗˄े˖ѻક䳔∖⢊ᗕ˅᳝ϡ⹂ᅮᗻⱘᚙމϟˈབԩ⾡ৃ䗝ᡩ䌘ᮍḜЁ䖯㸠䗝ᢽDŽ㒘㒛䗝ᢽ䞛⫼ᇍ⦄᳝Ꮉॖ䖯㸠ᬍ䖯ⱘᮍḜˈЎ䆹ᮍḜⱘEMVЎ49㕢ܗˈ㗠ᮄᓎᎹॖᮍḜⱘEMVҙЎ㕢ܗDŽ11-12˖އㄪᷥߚᵤxൟᢳ˖乍Ⳃᢳ⫼ϔϾൟᇚ䆺㒚㾘ᅮⱘ乍ϡ⹂ᅮᗻᤶㅫЎᅗӀᇍᭈϾ乍ⳂሖϞⱘⳂᷛ᠔ѻ⫳ⱘ┰ᕅડDŽ乍Ⳃᢳϔ㠀⫼㩭⡍व⋯ᡔᴃ䖯㸠DŽᢳЁˈ乍Ⳃൟ㒣䖛䅵ㅫ˄䗁ࡴ˅ˈ݊䱣ᴎձؐᴹ㞾Ѣḍ↣乍ব䞣ⱘὖ⥛ߚᏗЎ↣Ͼ䗁ࡴ䖛䗝ᢽⱘὖ⥛ߚᏗߑ᭄˄՟བ˖乍Ⳃܗ㋴ⱘ៤ᴀ䖯ᑺ⌏ࡼⱘᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈˅DŽℸ䅵ㅫὖ⥛ߚᏗ˄՟བ˖ᘏ៤ᴀᅠ៤᮹ᳳ˅DŽᇍѢ៤ᴀ亢䰽ߚᵤˈᢳৃ⫼Ӵ㒳ⱘ乍ⳂᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄খ㾕㡖˅៤ᴀߚ㾷㒧ᵘЎൟDŽᇍѢ䖯ᑺ亢䰽ߚᵤˈৃ⫼Ӭܜ乎ᑣ⊩˄PDM˅䖯ᑺ˄খⳟ㡖˅DŽ11-13᠔⼎Ў៤ᴀ亢䰽ᢳⱘ㒧ᵰDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2582004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ᘏ乍Ⳃ៤ᴀ㌃⿃ ഛؐ(.750 ὖ.500 ⥛.250 12% .000 $41 $50 ៤ᴀ˄㕢ܗ˅䖭ϔ㌃䅵ৃ㛑ᗻߚᏗডњ11-10Ёⱘ᭄ヺড়ϝ㾦ߚᏗⱘᗻމϟ䍙䖛៤ᴀԄㅫⱘ亢䰽DŽᅗ㸼ᯢˈ䆹乍Ⳃ䖒ࠄԄㅫؐ$41ⱘৃ㛑ᗻҙ᳝12%DŽབᵰϔϾֱᅜⱘ㒘㒛ᛇ䖒ࠄ75%ⱘ៤ࡳৃ㛑ᗻˈ߭䳔㽕乘ㅫЎ$50˄㑺᳝22%ⱘᑨѝټ˅DŽ11-13˖៤ᴀ亢䰽ᢳ㒧ᵰ 亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤ˖៤ᵰ .1 亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ˄ᮄ˅亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ亢䰽䆚߿䖛Ё˄খ㾕㡖˅ᔶ៤ˈᑊ亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ䖛˄খ㾕㡖˅ЁᮄDŽ亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤ䖛ЁӮ䖯ϔℹᮄDŽ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽℸ໘ⱘᮄݙᆍЏ㽕ࣙᣀ˖x乍Ⳃⱘὖ⥛ߚᵤ˖乍Ⳃ┰䖯ᑺϢ៤ᴀ㒧ᵰⱘ乘ˈᑊ߫ߎৃ㛑ⱘシᎹ᮹ᳳ乍ⳂᎹᳳϢ៤ᴀঞ݊ৃֵᑺ∈ᑇDŽ䆹乍៤ᵰ˄䗮ᐌҹ㌃⿃ߚᏗ㸼⼎˅Ϣ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ亢䰽ᡓফᑺ∈ᑇ㒧ড়ϔ䍋ˈҹᇍ៤ᴀᯊ䯈ᑨᗹټ䞥䖯㸠䞣࣪DŽ䳔㽕䗮䖛ᑨᗹټ䞥ᇚ䍙ߎ᮶ᅮ乍ⳂⳂᷛⱘ亢䰽䰡Ԣࠄ㒘㒛ৃফⱘ∈ᑇDŽ՟བˈབ11-13᠔⼎ˈὖ⥛Ў75%ᯊˈ៤ᴀᑨᗹټ䞥Ў9㕢ܗˈे˖㑺ㄝѢ᳔ৃ㛑Ԅㅫؐ˄41㕢ܗ˅ⱘ22%DŽxᅲ⦄៤ᴀᯊ䯈Ⳃᷛⱘὖ⥛˖䞛⫼Ⳃࠡⱘ䅵ߦҹঞⳂࠡᇍ乍Ⳃ᠔䴶Јⱘ亢䰽ⱘњ㾷ˈৃ⫼亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤᮍ⊩Ԅㅫߎᅲ⦄乍ⳂⳂᷛⱘὖ⥛DŽ՟བˈབ11-13᠔⼎ˈᅲ⦄៤ᴀԄㅫؐ41㕢ܗ˄প㞾Ѣ11-10˅ⱘὖ⥛㑺Ў12%DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 259
कϔゴ 乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚x䞣࣪亢䰽Ӭܜᑺ⏙ऩ˖ℸ乍亢䰽⏙ऩࣙᣀᇍ乍Ⳃ䗴៤᳔࿕㚕Ў乍Ⳃᦤկ᳔ᴎӮⱘ亢䰽ˈҹঞ䳔㽕ߚ䜡᳔催៤ᴀᑨᗹټ䞥ⱘ亢䰽᳔ৃ㛑ᕅડ݇䬂䏃ᕘⱘ亢䰽DŽx亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤ㒧ᵰⱘ䍟˖ߚᵤ䞡䖯㸠䖛Ёˈ݊ߚᵤ㒧ᵰৃ㛑Ӯਜ⦄ᶤ⾡ᰒ㗠ᯧ㾕ⱘ䍟DŽḍ䆹⾡䍟ᕫߎⱘ㒧䆎ᇚӮᇍ亢䰽ᑨᇍᮑ䗴៤ᕅડDŽ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦᣛЎ乍ⳂⳂᷛࡴᅲ⦄ᴎӮˈޣᇥ༅䋹࿕㚕㗠ࠊ䅶ᮍḜˈއᅮᑨ䞛পᇍㄪⱘ䖛DŽ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ䖛亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤ亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤПৢ䖯㸠DŽᅗࣙᣀ⹂䅸Ϣᣛ⌒Ⳍ݇ϾҎ᭄Ҏ˄ㅔ⿄Ā亢䰽ᑨᇍ䋳䋷Ҏā˅ᇍᏆᕫࠄ䅸ৃᑊ᳝䌘䞥ᬃᣕⱘ亢䰽ᑨᇍᮑᢙ䋳䍋㘠䋷DŽ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ䖛ḍ亢䰽ⱘӬܜᑺ∈ᑇ໘⧚亢䰽ˈ䳔㽕ᯊˈᇚ乘ㅫǃ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁࡴܹ䌘⑤⌏ࡼDŽ亢䰽ᑨᇍᮑᖙ乏䗖ড়亢䰽ⱘ䞡㽕ᗻ∈ᑇˈ㛑㒣⌢᳝ᬜⱘ䖢ᣥǃᖙ乏乍Ⳃ㚠᱃ϟঞᯊ⦄ᅲৃ㸠DŽᑊϨˈ亢䰽ᑨᇍᮑᑨ⬅᠔᳝Ⳍ݇ᮍଚᅮᑊ⬅ϔৡ䋳䋷Ҏ䋳䋷DŽ䗮ᐌˈ䳔㽕ҢϾ䗝ᮍḜЁ䗝ᢽϔ乍᳔Շⱘ亢䰽ᑨᇍᮑDŽ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ䚼ߚҟ㒡ⱘ䛑ᰃ᳔ᐌ⫼ⱘ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦᮍ⊩DŽ亢䰽ࣙᣀӮᇍ乍Ⳃ៤ࡳ䗴៤ᕅડⱘ࿕㚕ᴎӮˈᇚ䩜ᇍ↣乍ҟ㒡݊ᑨᇍᮑDŽձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1⍜ᵕ亢䰽࿕㚕ⱘᑨᇍ.1亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ˄ᮄ˅.2亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩㄪ⬹.2乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.2⿃ᵕ亢䰽ᴎӮⱘᑨᇍ.3Ϣ亢䰽Ⳍ݇ⱘড়ৠण䆂ㄪ⬹.3࿕㚕ᴎӮⱘᑨᇍㄪ⬹.4ᑨᗹᑨᇍㄪ⬹11-14˖亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ˖ձǃᎹᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ 亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ˖ձ .1 亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘ䞡㽕ݙᆍࣙᣀ˖㾦㡆㘠䋷ǃ亢䰽ߚᵤᅮНǃԢ亢䰽ǃЁㄝ亢䰽催亢䰽ⱘ亢䰽䰤⬠ؐǃ䖯㸠乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚᠔䳔ⱘ៤ᴀᯊ䯈DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2602004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘᶤѯ㽕㋴ᰃ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦⱘձˈ䖭ѯ㽕㋴ࣙᣀ˖ԢˈЁˈ催亢䰽ⱘ亢䰽䰤ᑺˈ䖭ѯ亢䰽䰤ᑺ㛑ᐂࡽ៥Ӏᕜདഄњ㾷䙷ѯ䳔㽕䞛পᑨᇍᮑⱘ亢䰽ˈҹঞ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦЁⱘҎਬߚ䜡,䖯ᑺᅝᥦ乘ㅫࠊᅮDŽ .2 亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ᳔߱ᰃ亢䰽䆚߿䖛ᔶ៤ⱘˈ亢䰽ᅮᗻᅮ䞣ߚᵤ䖛ˈ㒣䖛ᮄDŽ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ䖛Ёˈࠊᅮ亢䰽ᑨᇍㄪ⬹ᯊˈৃ㛑䳔㽕䞡ᮄখ㗗㗗㰥Ꮖ䆚߿ⱘ亢䰽ǃ亢䰽ⱘḍᴀॳǃ┰ᑨᇍᮑ⏙ऩǃ亢䰽䋳䋷Ҏǃᕕܚ䄺⼎DŽህ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ䖛㗠㿔ˈ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩᦤկⱘЏ㽕ձࣙᣀ˖乍Ⳃ亢䰽ⱘⳌᇍㄝ㑻Ӭܜᑺ⏙ऩǃ䖥ᳳ䳔㽕䞛পᑨᇍᮑⱘ亢䰽⏙ऩǃ䳔㽕䖯ϔℹߚᵤᑨᇍⱘ亢䰽⏙ऩǃ亢䰽ᅮᗻ亢䰽㒧ᵰᰒ⼎ⱘ䍟ǃḍᴀॳǃᣝ✻㉏߿ߚ㉏ⱘ亢䰽ǃҹঞ䕗ԢӬܜᑺ亢䰽ⱘ㾖ᆳ⏙ऩDŽ亢䰽ᅮ䞣ߚᵤ䖛Ёˈᇚᇍ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ䖯㸠䖯ϔℹᮄDŽ 亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ᳝㢹ᑆ⾡亢䰽ᑨᇍㄪ⬹ৃկ䞛⫼DŽᑨ䆹Ў↣乍亢䰽䗝ᢽ᳔᳝ৃ㛑ѻ⫳ᬜᵰⱘㄪ⬹ㄪ⬹㒘ড়DŽৃ䗮䖛亢䰽ߚᵤᎹˈ՟བ˖އㄪᷥߚᵤᮍ⊩ˈ䗝ᢽ᳔䗖ᔧⱘᑨᇍᮍ⊩DŽ✊ৢˈᑨࠊ䅶ԧ㸠ࡼএᅲᮑ䆹乍ㄪ⬹DŽৃҹ䗝ᢽЏ㽕ㄪ⬹ҹঞ⫼ㄪ⬹DŽৃࠊᅮ⫼ㄪ⬹ˈҹ֓㹿䗝ㄪ⬹㹿䆕ᯢ᮴ᬜফⱘ亢䰽থ⫳ᯊˈ11ৃᅲᮑ⫼ㄪ⬹DŽ䗮ᐌˈ㽕Ўᯊ䯈៤ᴀߚ䜡ᑨᗹټ䞥DŽ᳔ৢˈৃࠊᅮᑨᗹ䅵ߦᑊ䆚߿ᑨᗹ䅵ߦᅲᮑⱘ㾺থᴵӊDŽ .1 ⍜ᵕ亢䰽࿕㚕ⱘᑨᇍㄪ⬹䗮ᐌˈՓ⫼ϝ⾡ㄪ⬹ᑨᇍৃ㛑ᇍ乍ⳂⳂᷛᄬ⍜ᵕᕅડⱘ亢䰽࿕㚕DŽ䖭ѯㄪ⬹ߚ߿ᰃಲ䙓ǃ䕀႕Ϣޣ䕏DŽxಲ䙓˖ಲ䙓亢䰽ᣛᬍব乍Ⳃ䅵ߦˈҹᥦ䰸亢䰽ᴵӊˈ㗙ֱᡸ乍ⳂⳂᷛˈՓ݊ϡফᕅડˈᇍফࠄ࿕㚕ⱘϔѯⳂᷛᬒᵒ㽕∖ˈ՟བˈᓊ䭓䖯ᑺޣᇥ㣗ೈㄝDŽߎ⦄Ѣ乍Ⳃᮽᳳⱘᶤѯ亢䰽џӊৃҹ䗮䖛╘⏙㽕∖ǃপᕫֵᙃǃᬍ≳䗮ˈ㦋পᡔᴃϧ䭓㗠㦋ᕫ㾷އDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 261
कϔゴ 乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚x䕀႕˖䕀႕亢䰽ᣛ䆒⊩ᇚ亢䰽ⱘৢᵰ䖲ৠᑨᇍⱘ䋷ӏ䕀⿏ࠄϝᮍ䑿ϞDŽ䕀႕亢䰽ᅲ䰙াᰃᡞ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䋷ӏ㒭ϔᮍˈ㗠ᑊ䴲ᇚ݊ᥦ䰸DŽᇍѢ䞥㵡亢䰽㗠㿔ˈ亢䰽䕀႕ㄪ⬹᳔᳝ᬜDŽ亢䰽䕀႕ㄪ⬹Тᘏ䳔㽕ᡓᢙ亢䰽㗙ᬃҬ亢䰽䌍⫼DŽ䕀႕ᎹЄᆠḋˈࣙᣀԚϡ䰤Ѣ߽⫼ֱ䰽ǃሹ㑺ֱ䆕кǃᢙֱкֱ䆕кDŽৃҹ߽⫼ড়ৠᇚԧ亢䰽ⱘ䋷ӏ䕀႕㒭ϔᮍDŽ᭄ᚙމϟˈՓ⫼៤ᴀࡴ៤ড়ৠৃᇚ៤ᴀ亢䰽䕀႕㒭фᮍˈབᵰ乍Ⳃⱘ䆒䅵ᰃ〇ᅮⱘˈৃҹ⫼ᅮᘏӋড়ৠᡞ亢䰽䕀႕㒭पᮍDŽxޣ䕏˖ޣ䕏ᣛ䆒⊩ᡞϡ߽ⱘ亢䰽џӊⱘὖ⥛/ৢᵰ䰡ԢࠄϔϾৃফⱘЈ⬠ؐDŽᦤࠡ䞛প㸠ࡼޣᇥ亢䰽থ⫳ⱘὖ⥛㗙ޣᇥ݊ᇍ乍Ⳃ᠔䗴៤ⱘᕅડˈ↨亢䰽থ⫳ৢѵ㕞㸹⠶ഄ䖯㸠㸹ᬥ㽕᳝ᬜᕫDŽ՟བ䞛⫼ϡᴖⱘᎹ㡎ǃ䖯㸠ⱘ⌟䆩ǃ㗙䗝⫼↨䕗〇ᅮৃ䴴ⱘपᮍˈৃޣ䕏亢䰽DŽᅗৃ㛑䳔㽕ࠊॳൟ㗙ḋᴎˈҹޣᇥҢ䆩偠ᅸᎹৄൟϔϟᬒࠄᅲ䰙ѻકЁ᠔ࣙⱘ亢䰽DŽབᵰϡৃ㛑䰡Ԣ亢䰽ⱘὖ⥛ˈ߭ޣ䕏亢䰽ⱘᑨᇍᮑᑨ䆒⊩ޣ䕏亢䰽ⱘᕅડˈ݊ⴔⴐ⚍ᑨᬒއᅮᕅડⱘϹ䞡ᑺⱘ䖲⚍ϞDŽ՟བˈ䆒䅵ᯊᄤ㋏㒳Ё䆒㕂ݫԭ㒘ӊ᳝ৃ㛑ޣ䕏ॳ᳝㒘ӊᬙ䱰᠔䗴៤ⱘᕅડDŽ .2 ⿃ᵕ亢䰽ᴎӮⱘᑨᇍㄪ⬹䗮ᐌˈՓ⫼ϝ⾡ㄪ⬹ᑨᇍৃ㛑ᇍ乍ⳂⳂᷛᄬ⿃ᵕᕅડⱘ亢䰽DŽ䖭ѯㄪ⬹ߚ߿ᰃᓔᢧǃߚѿᦤ催DŽxᓔᢧ˖བᵰ㒘㒛Ꮰᳯ⹂ֱᴎӮᕫҹᅲ⦄ˈৃህ᳝⿃ᵕᕅડⱘ亢䰽䞛প䆹ㄪ⬹DŽ䆹乍ㄪ⬹ⱘⳂᷛѢ䗮䖛⹂ֱᴎӮ㚃ᅮᅲ⦄㗠⍜䰸Ϣ⡍ᅮ⿃ᵕ亢䰽Ⳍ݇ⱘϡ⹂ᅮᗻDŽⳈᓔᢧᮑࣙᣀЎ乍Ⳃߚ䜡ⱘ᳝㛑ⱘ䌘⑤ˈҹ֓㓽ⷁᅠ៤ᯊ䯈ᅲ⦄䍙䖛᳔߱乘ᳳⱘད䋼䞣DŽxߚѿ˖ߚѿ⿃ᵕ亢䰽ᣛᇚ亢䰽ⱘ䋷ӏߚ䜡㒭᳔㛑Ў乍ⳂП߽Ⲟ㦋পᴎӮⱘϝᮍDŽ⼎՟ࣙᣀˈᓎゟ亢䰽ߚѿড়݇㋏ˈϧ䮼ЎᴎӮㅵ⧚Ⳃⱘˈᔶ៤ಶ䯳ǃ⡍⅞Ⳃⱘ乍Ⳃ݀ৌড়ড়䌘ӕϮDŽxᦤ催˖䆹⾡ㄪ⬹ᮼ䗮䖛ᦤ催⿃ᵕ亢䰽ⱘὖ⥛ˋ݊⿃ᵕᕅડǃ䆚߿ᑊ᳔ᑺথ䖭ѯ⿃ᵕ亢䰽ⱘ偅ࡼ㋴ˈ㟈ѢᬍবᴎӮⱘĀᇣāDŽৃ䗮䖛֗䖯ᔎᴎӮⱘ៤ǃ⿃ᵕᔎ࣪݊㾺থᴵӊˈᦤ催ᴎӮথ⫳ⱘὖ⥛DŽгৃⴔ䞡䩜ᇍᕅડ偅ࡼ㋴ˈҹᦤ催乍ⳂᴎӮDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2622004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.3 ࿕㚕ᴎӮⱘᑨᇍㄪ⬹ফ˖䞛প䆹ㄪ⬹ⱘॳѢᕜᇥৃҹ⍜䰸乍Ⳃⱘ᠔᳝亢䰽DŽ䞛পℸ乍ᡔᴃ㸼ᯢ乍Ⳃಶ䯳Ꮖ㒣އᅮϡᠧㅫЎ໘㕂ᶤ乍亢䰽㗠ᬍব乍Ⳃ䅵ߦˈ㗙㸼ᯢҪӀ᮴⊩ᡒࠄӏԩ݊ᅗᑨᇍ㡃ㄪDŽ䩜ᇍᴎӮ࿕㚕ˈഛৃ䞛প䆹乍ㄪ⬹DŽ䆹ㄪ⬹ৃߚЎЏࡼ㹿ࡼᮍᓣDŽ㹿ࡼഄফ亢䰽߭ϡ㽕∖䞛পӏԩ㸠ࡼˈᇚ݊⬭㒭乍Ⳃಶ䯳ˈᕙ亢䰽থ⫳ᯊⳌᴎ໘⧚DŽ᳔ᐌ㾕ⱘЏࡼഄফ亢䰽ⱘᮍᓣᰃࠊᅮᑨᗹټ䞥ˈࣙᣀϔᅮⱘᯊ䯈ǃ䌘䞥䌘⑤໘⧚Ꮖⶹˈ⫮㟇┰ⱘⶹ࿕㚕ᴎӮDŽ .4 ᑨᗹᑨᇍㄪ⬹᳝ѯᑨᇍᮑҙথ⫳⡍ᅮџӊᯊᠡՓ⫼DŽᇍѢ᳝ѯ亢䰽ˈབᵰ䅸Ўৃᦤկܙ䎇ⱘ乘䄺ˈ߭乍Ⳃಶ䯳ৃࠊᅮϔ乍ᑨᇍ䅵ߦˈᮼথ⫳⡍ᅮ乘ᅮⱘᴵӊϟᠡᅲᮑDŽᑨ⹂ᅮᑊ䎳䏾亢䰽㾺থ㋴ˈ՟བ㔎༅ⱘЁ䯈䞠㦋ᕫկᑨଚ催ⱘ䞡㾚DŽ 亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ˖៤ᵰ .1 亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ˄ᮄ˅亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ亢䰽䆚߿䖛Ёᔶ៤ˈ亢䰽ᅮᗻߚᵤᅮ䞣ߚᵤ䖛Ё䖯ϔℹᮄDŽ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ䖛Ёˈᇚ䗝ᢽᑊଚᅮ䗖ᔧⱘᑨᇍㄪ⬹ˈҹ㒇ܹ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩЁDŽ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩⱘ䆺㒚ᑺᑨϢӬܜᑺ䅵ߦⱘᑨᇍㄪ⬹Ⳍ䗖ᑨDŽ䗮ᐌˈᑨ䆺㒚䇈ᯢ催亢䰽Ёㄝᑺ亢䰽DŽབᵰ߸ᅮ亢䰽Ӭܜᑺ䕗Ԣˈ߭ৃᇚߚᵤ߫11ܹ㾖ᆳ⏙ऩЁˈҹ֓䖯㸠ᅮᳳⲥ⌟DŽℸᯊˈ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩᇚࣙᣀϟ䗄ݙᆍ˖xᏆ䆚߿ⱘ亢䰽ǃ亢䰽ⱘᦣ䗄ǃ᠔ᕅડⱘ乍Ⳃ乚ඳ˄՟བˈᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤㽕㋴˅ǃ݊ॳ˄՟བˈ亢䰽ߚ㾷㒧ᵘܗ㋴˅ˈҹঞᅗӀབԩᕅડ乍ⳂⱘⳂᷛDŽx亢䰽䋳䋷Ҏঞߚ⌒㒭ҪӀⱘ㘠䋷DŽx亢䰽ᅮᗻϢᅮ䞣ߚᵤ䖛ⱘ㒧ᵰˈࣙᣀ乍Ⳃ亢䰽Ӭܜᑺ⏙ऩҹঞ乍Ⳃὖ⥛ߚᵤDŽxଚᅮⱘᑨᇍᮑDŽxᅲᮑ䗝ᅮⱘᑨᇍㄪ⬹᠔䳔ⱘԧ㸠ࡼDŽx亢䰽থ⫳ⱘᕕܚ䄺⼎DŽxᅲᮑ䗝ᅮⱘᑨᇍㄪ⬹᠔䳔ⱘ乘ㅫ䖯ᑺ⌏ࡼDŽx㗗㰥߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙亢䰽ᡓফᑺ∈ᑇⱘᚙމϟˈ乘⬭ⱘᯊ䯈៤ᴀᑨᗹټ䞥DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 263
कϔゴ 乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚xᑨᗹ䅵ߦҹঞᑨᗹ䅵ߦᅲᮑⱘ㾺ࡼ㋴DŽxЎᑨᇍᏆ㒣থ⫳ⱘ亢䰽佪㽕ᑨᇍᮑ䆕ᯢϡ߽ⱘᚙމϟˈՓ⫼⫼䅵ߦDŽxᇍㄪᅲᮑПৢ乘䅵ҡᇚ⅟⬭ⱘ亢䰽ҹঞЏࡼফⱘ亢䰽DŽxᅲᮑ亢䰽ᑨᇍᮑⳈ䗴៤ⱘѠ亢䰽DŽxḍ乍Ⳃᅮ䞣ߚᵤҹঞ㒘㒛亢䰽䰤⬠ؐ䅵ㅫⱘᑨᗹټ䞥DŽ .2 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅䗮䖛ᭈԧবࠊ䖛˄খ㾕㡖˅ᅵᶹ໘⧚ৢˈḍࡴⱘᑨᇍ⌏ࡼˈᇍ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䖯㸠ᮄDŽĀᣛᇐㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᅲᮑ䖛ā˄খ㾕㡖˅ˈ䗮䖛ᭈԧবࠊˈ⹂ֱଚᅮⱘ㸠ࡼЎ乍Ⳃ㒘៤䚼ߚᕫҹᅲᮑⲥ⌟DŽ亢䰽ᑨᇍㄪ⬹ϔᮺଚᅮˈህᖙ乏䕧ܹࠄ݊ᅗⶹ䆚乚ඳⱘⳌ݇䖛Ёˈࣙᣀ乍Ⳃ乘ㅫ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦDŽ .3 Ϣ亢䰽Ⳍ݇ⱘড়ৠण䆂ৃޚⳌ݇ⱘড়ৠण䆂ˈ՟བˈֱ䰽ण䆂ǃ᳡ࡵण䆂݊ᅗ乍Ⳃˈҹ㾘ᅮᮍ⡍ᅮ亢䰽থ⫳ᯊᑨህ݊ᡓᢙⱘ䋷ӏDŽ亢䰽ⲥ⌟Ϣࠊ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑ਼ᳳ䖛Ёᅲᮑ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁࣙⱘ亢䰽ᑨᇍᮑ˄খ㾕㡖˅ˈԚᑨᣕ㓁ᇍ乍ⳂᎹ䖯㸠ⲥⴷҹᇏᡒᮄ亢䰽ব࣪ⱘ亢䰽DŽ亢䰽ⲥ⌟Ϣࠊᣛ䆚߿ǃߚᵤ㾘ߦᮄ⫳亢䰽ǃ䗑䏾Ꮖ䆚߿亢䰽Ā㾖ᆳ⏙ऩāЁⱘ亢䰽ˈ䞡ᮄߚᵤ⦄᳝亢䰽ǃⲥ⌟ᑨᗹ䅵ߦⱘ㾺থᴵӊǃⲥ⌟⅟ԭ亢䰽ˈᅵᶹ亢䰽ᑨᇍㄪ⬹ⱘᅲᮑᑊ䆘Ԅ݊ᬜⱘ䖛DŽ亢䰽ⲥ⌟Ϣࠊ䖛᠔Փ⫼ⱘᡔᴃˈࣙᣀবᏂ䍟ߚᵤˈ㽕∖Փ⫼乍Ⳃᅲᮑ䖛Ё⫳៤ⱘ㒽ᬜ᭄DŽ亢䰽ⲥ⌟Ϣࠊҹঞ݊ᅗ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䖛ᰃ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳݙϡ䯈ᮁഄ䖯㸠ⱘ䖛DŽ亢䰽ⲥ⌟ⱘ݊ᅗⳂⱘѢ⹂ᅮ˖x乍Ⳃⱘ؛䆒ᰃ৺ҡ✊៤ゟx亢䰽ⱘॳ᳝⢊ᗕᰃ৺Ꮖ㒣ᬍবˈঞ݊䍟ߚᵤxᰃ৺䙉ᕾњᙄᔧⱘᮍ䩜Ϣᑣxᑨձ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ˈᇍ៤ᴀ䖯ᑺᑨᗹټ䖯㸠ׂᬍDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2642004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
亢䰽ⲥৃ㛑⍝ঞ䗝ᢽ᳓ҷᇍㄪǃᅲᮑᑨᗹ⫼䅵ߦǃ䞛প㑴ℷ㸠ࡼˈׂᬍ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦDŽ亢䰽ᑨᇍ䋳䋷Ҏᑨᔧᅮᳳ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚∛䅵ߦⱘ᳝ᬜᗻǃ᳒乘᭭ࠄⱘৢᵰˈҹঞЎ䗖ᔧᑨᇍ亢䰽᠔䳔䞛পⱘЁ䗨㑴ℷ㸠ࡼDŽ亢䰽ⲥ䖛гࣙᣀᇍ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄খ㾕㡖˅䖯㸠ᮄˈࣙᣀЎᴹ乍ⳂП߽Ⲟᮄ乍Ⳃ㒣偠ᬭ䆁᭄ᑧ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ᵓDŽձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1亢䰽ݡ䆘Ԅ.1亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ˄ᮄ˅.2亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ.2亢䰽ᅵ䅵.2ব䇋∖.3ᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖.3বᏂ䍟ߚᵤ.3㤤ⱘ㑴ℷᮑ.4Ꮉ㒽ᬜֵᙃ.4ᡔᴃ㒽ᬜ㸵䞣.4㤤ⱘ乘䰆ᮑ.5㒽ᬜਞ.5ټ䞥ߚᵤ.5㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.6⢊ᗕᅵᶹӮ.6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅11-15˖亢䰽ⲥ˗ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ 亢䰽ⲥ⌟Ϣࠊ˖ձ .1 亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ11䆹乍䅵ߦᦤկⱘ݇䬂ձࣙᣀЎ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ߚ䜡Ҏਬˈࣙᣀ亢䰽䋳䋷Ҏǃᯊ䯈݊ᅗ䌘⑤DŽ .2亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩᦤկⱘ݇䬂ձࣙᣀ䆚߿ⱘ亢䰽亢䰽䋳䋷Ҏǃଚᅮⱘ亢䰽ᑨᇍㄪ⬹ǃԧⱘᅲᮑ㸠ࡼǃ亢䰽ᕕܚ䄺⼎ֵোǃ⅟ԭ亢䰽Ѡ亢䰽ǃԢӬܜᑺ亢䰽ⱘĀ㾖ᆳ⏙ऩāǃҹঞᯊ䯈៤ᴀᑨᗹټDŽ .3 ᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖ᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖˄খ㾕㡖˅ৃࣙᣀ䇌བᎹᮍ⊩ǃড়ৠᴵℒǃ㣗ೈ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦⱘׂ䅶DŽᅵᅮⱘবৃᓩ䍋ᮄ亢䰽Ꮖ䆚߿亢䰽ⱘব࣪ˈ䳔ᇍ䖭ѯব࣪䖯㸠ߚᵤˈ䆘ᅮ݊ᇍ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩǃ亢䰽ᑨᇍ䅵ߦ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘᕅડDŽ᠔᳝ব䛑ᑨℷᓣќҹ䆄ᔩDŽϡᑨ໘⧚ᅲᮑষ༈ଚ䅼ⱘԚᔶ៤к䴶䆄ᔩⱘবDŽ .4 Ꮉ㒽ᬜֵᙃᎹ㒽ᬜֵᙃ˄খ㾕㡖˅ˈࣙᣀ乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰⱘ⢊ᗕǃ㑴ℷᗻᮑ㒽ᬜਞˈᰃ亢䰽ⲥ䖛ⱘ䞡㽕ձDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 265
कϔゴ 乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ .5 㒽ᬜਞ㒽ᬜਞ˄খ㾕㡖˅ৃᦤկ乍ⳂᎹ㒽ᬜֵᙃˈ՟བˈৃᕅડ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䖛ⱘϔ乍ߚᵤㄝDŽ 亢䰽ⲥ⌟Ϣࠊ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ .1 亢䰽ݡ䆘Ԅ亢䰽ⲥ䖛䗮ᐌ㽕∖Փ⫼ᴀゴҟ㒡ⱘ䖛ᇍᮄ亢䰽䖯㸠䆚߿ᑊᇍ亢䰽䖯㸠䞡ᮄ䆘ԄDŽᑨᅝᥦᅮᳳ䖯㸠乍Ⳃ亢䰽ݡ䆘ԄDŽ乍Ⳃಶ䯳⢊ᗕᅵᶹӮⱘ䆂Ёᑨࣙᣀ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ⱘݙᆍDŽ䞡ⱘݙᆍ䆺㒚ᑺপއѢ乍ⳂⳌᇍѢⳂᷛⱘ䖯ሩᚙމDŽ՟བˈབᵰߎ⦄њ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ乘ᳳⱘ亢䰽Ā㾖ᆳ⏙ऩāࣙᣀⱘ亢䰽ˈ݊ᇍⳂᷛⱘᕅડϢ乘ᳳⱘᕅડϡৠˈ㾘ߦⱘᑨᇍᮑৃ㛑ᇚ᮴⌢ѢџDŽℸᯊˈ߭䳔㽕䖯㸠乱ⱘ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦҹᇍ亢䰽䖯㸠ࠊDŽ .2 亢䰽ᅵ䅵亢䰽ᅵ䅵ѢẔᶹᑊ䆄ᔩ亢䰽ᑨᇍㄪ⬹໘⧚Ꮖ䆚߿亢䰽ঞ݊ḍ⑤ⱘᬜҹঞ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䖛ⱘᬜDŽ .3 বᏂ䍟ߚᵤᑨ䗮䖛㒽ᬜֵᙃᇍ乍Ⳃᅲᮑ䍟䖯㸠ᅵᶹDŽৃ䗮䖛ᅲ⦄Ӌؐߚᵤ乍ⳂবᏂ䍟ߚᵤⱘ݊ᅗߚᵤᮍ⊩ˈᇍ乍Ⳃᘏԧ㒽ᬜ䖯㸠ⲥDŽߚᵤⱘ㒧ᵰৃҹᧁ⼎乍Ⳃᅠ៤ᯊ៤ᴀϢ䖯ᑺⳂᷛᮍ䴶ⱘ┰أ⾏DŽϢޚ䅵ߦⱘأᏂৃ㛑㸼ᯢ࿕㚕ᴎӮⱘ┰ᕅડDŽ .4 ᡔᴃ㒽ᬜ㸵䞣ᡔᴃ㒽ᬜ㸵䞣ᇚ乍Ⳃᠻ㸠ᳳ䯈ⱘᡔᴃ៤ᵰϢ乍Ⳃ䅵ߦЁⱘᡔᴃ៤ᵰ䖯ᑺ䖯㸠↨䕗DŽབߎ⦄أᏂˈ՟བᶤ䞠໘ᅲ⦄䅵ߦ㾘ᅮⱘࡳ㛑ˈ᳝ৃ㛑ᛣੇⴔ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘᅲ⦄ᄬ亢䰽DŽ .5 ټ䞥ߚᵤ乍Ⳃᅲᮑ䖛Ёৃ㛑Ӯথ⫳ϔѯᇍ乘ㅫ䖯ᑺᑨᗹټ䞥˄খ㾕㡖˅䗴៤⿃ᵕ⍜ᵕᕅડⱘ亢䰽DŽټ䞥ߚᵤᣛ乍Ⳃⱘӏԩᯊ⚍ᇚ࠽ԭⱘټ䞥䞥乱Ϣ࠽ԭ亢䰽䞣䖯㸠↨䕗ˈҹ⹂ᅮ࠽ԭⱘټ䞥ᰃ৺ҡᮻܙ䎇DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2662004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.6 ⢊ᗕᅵᶹӮ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ৃҹᰃᅮᳳীᓔⱘ乍Ⳃ⢊ᗕᅵᶹӮⱘϔ乍䆂DŽ䆹䆂乍Ⳃ᠔ऴ⫼ⱘӮ䆂ᯊ䯈ৃ䭓ৃⷁˈ䖭পއѢᏆ䆚߿ⱘ亢䰽ǃ亢䰽Ӭܜᑺҹঞᑨᇍⱘ䲒ᯧᑺDŽ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ᓔሩᕫ䍞乥㐕ˈህ䍞ࡴᆍᯧDŽ㒣ᐌህ亢䰽䖯㸠䅼䆎ˈৃ֗Փ᳝݇亢䰽˄⡍߿ᰃ࿕㚕˅ⱘ䅼䆎ࡴᆍᯧǃࡴޚ⹂DŽ 亢䰽ⲥ⌟Ϣࠊ˖៤ᵰ .1 亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ˄ᮄ˅ᮄৢⱘ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩࣙᣀ˖x亢䰽ݡ䆘Ԅǃ亢䰽ᅵ䅵亢䰽ᅮᳳᅵḌⱘ㒧ᵰˈৃҹࣙᣀὖ⥛ǃᕅડǃӬܜᑺǃᑨᇍ䅵ߦǃ䋳䋷Ҏঞ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ݊ᅗܗ㋴ⱘᮄDŽѺৃࣙᣀϡݡ䗖⫼ⱘ亢䰽ⱘ䯁ষDŽx乍Ⳃ亢䰽ᅲ䰙㒧ᵰ亢䰽ᑨᇍㄪ⬹ⱘᅲ䰙㒧ᵰˈৃᐂࡽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ЎᭈϾ㒘㒛ⱘ亢䰽ᴹ乍Ⳃⱘ亢䰽䖯㸠㾘ߦDŽህℸेৃᅠ៤ᭈϾ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ⱘ䆄ᔩˈᑊᔶ៤乍Ⳃᬊሒ䖛˄খ㾕㡖˅ⱘձˈৠᯊ៤Ў乍Ⳃᬊሒ᭛ӊⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽ .2 ব䇋∖ᅲᮑᑨᗹ䅵ߦᴗব䅵ߦⱘ㒧ᵰˈᕔᕔᰃ㽕∖ব乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦˈҹ֓ᑨᇍ亢䰽DŽ݊㒧ᵰᰃথ⫳ব䇋∖DŽব䇋∖Ў亢䰽ⲥ䖛ⱘ៤ᵰ䖯ܹᭈԧব11ࠊ䖛˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽᅵᅮৢᡍޚⱘব䇋∖ᇚ៤Ўᣛᇐㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᅲᮑ䖛˄খ㾕㡖˅亢䰽ⲥ䖛ⱘձDŽ .3 㤤ⱘ㑴ℷᮑ㤤ⱘ㑴ℷᮑࣙᣀᑨᗹ䅵ߦᴗবᮑDŽৢ㗙ᣛᇍҹᕔ᳒䆚߿㹿ࡼফⱘ亢䰽䞛প㒣䅵ߦⱘᑨᇍᮑDŽᴗবᮑᑨᙄᔧഄ䆄䕑ᑊ㒇ܹࠄĀᣛᇐㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᅲᮑ䖛ā˄খ㾕㡖˅Ā乍ⳂᎹⲥ䖛ā˄খ㾕㡖˅ЁDŽ㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼᰃᭈԧবࠊ䖛˄খ㾕㡖˅ⱘձDŽ .4 㤤ⱘ乘䰆ᮑ䞛⫼㤤ⱘ乘䰆ᮑˈҹ֓乍Ⳃヺড়乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘ㽕∖DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 267
कϔゴ 乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ .5 㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚݁䖛ѻ⫳ⱘֵᙃৃկᴹⱘ乍ⳂՓ⫼খ㗗ˈᑨ䆹ֱ⬭ࠄ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄খ㾕㡖˅ЁDŽ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦᵓˈࣙᣀὖ⥛ᕅડⶽ䰉亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩˈৃ乍Ⳃᬊሒᯊ䖯㸠ᮄDŽৃᇍ亢䰽ᔶ៤䆄ᔩᑊᇍ亢䰽ߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䖯㸠ᮄDŽ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚⌏ࡼ㦋পⱘ㒣偠ᬭ䆁ᇚ᳝ࡽѢ֗䖯㒘㒛㒣偠ᬭ䆁᭄ᑧⱘЄᆠDŽ᳝݇乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼᅲ䰙៤ᴀᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ⱘ᭄ৃࡴܹࠄ㒘㒛᭄ᑧЁDŽ݊Ёгࣙᣀ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦᵓǃḌᇍऩ亢䰽ߚ㾷㒧ᵘDŽ .6 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅བᵰᅵᅮⱘব䇋∖ᇍ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䖛ᄬᕅડˈ߭ᑨᇍ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘⳌᑨ㒘៤䚼ߚ䖯㸠ׂᬍᑊ䞡ᮄㅒথˈҹডᅵᅮⱘবDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2682004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
कѠゴ乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚ࣙᣀҢ乍Ⳃಶ䯳䚼䌁ф㦋ᕫЎᅠ៤Ꮉ᠔䳔ⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰⱘ䖛DŽᴀゴҢϸϾ㾦ᑺὖ䗄䞛䌁䯂乬DŽ㒘㒛᮶ৃҹᰃড়ৠЁѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰⱘфᮍˈгৃҹपᮍDŽ乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚ࣙᣀЎㅵ⧚乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᥜᴗҎਬㅒথⱘড়ৠ䞛䌁䅶ऩ᠔䳔ⱘড়ৠㅵ⧚বࠊ䖛DŽ乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚гࣙᣀㅵ⧚䚼㒘㒛˄фᮍ˅ЎҢᅲᮑ㒘㒛˄पᮍ˅㦋প乍Ⳃ㗠ㅒথⱘӏԩড়ৠ,ҹঞㅵ⧚ড়ৠ㾘ᅮⱘ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᑨᡓᢙⱘড়ৠНࡵDŽ12-1ᰃ乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䖛ⱘὖ䉠DŽ12-2ᰃ乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䖛ঞ݊ձǃ៤ᵰ݊ᅗⶹ䆚乚ඳⳌ݇䖛ⱘ⌕DŽ乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䖛ࣙᣀϟ䗄乍˖䞛䌁㾘ߦ – ⹂ᅮ䞛䌁ԩ⠽ঞԩᯊབԩ䞛䌁DŽথࣙ㾘ߦ–䆄ᔩѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰ㽕∖ᑊ⹂ᅮ┰կᮍDŽ䆶Ӌ–ḍᚙމ㦋পֵᙃǃӋǃᡩᷛкǃⲬᓎ䆂кDŽ䗝ᢽկᮍ–䆘ᅮӋˈ┰ⱘपᮍЁ䖯㸠䗝ᢽᑊϢपᮍ⌑䇜к䴶ড়ৠDŽড়ৠㅵ⧚–ㅵ⧚ড়ৠҹঞфपঠᮍП䯈ⱘ݇㋏ǃᅵᶹᑊ䆄ᔩपᮍᔧࠡⱘ㒽ᬜℶⳂࠡⱘ㒽ᬜˈҹ⹂ᅮ᠔䳔㽕ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼᑊЎᇚᴹϢपᮍⱘ݇㋏ᦤկձˈㅵ⧚Ϣড়ৠⳌ݇ⱘবˈᑊ䗖ᔧᯊˈㅵ⧚Ϣ乍Ⳃ䚼фᮍⱘড়ৠ݇㋏DŽড়ৠᬊሒ–ᅠ៤ᑊ㒧ㅫড়ৠˈࣙᣀ㾷އӏԩއ䯂乬ˈᑊህϢ乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃ䰊↉Ⳍ݇ⱘ↣乍ড়ৠ䖯㸠ᬊሒDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 269
कѠゴ 乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚Ϟ䗄䖛ϡҙᕐℸѸѦ⫼ˈ㗠Ϩ䖬Ϣ݊ᅗⶹ䆚乚ඳⱘ䖛ѸѦ⫼DŽḍ乍Ⳃ䳔㽕ˈ↣Ͼ䖛ৃ㛑⍝ঞϔϾϾϾҎ㗙䲚ԧ᠔ҬߎⱘࡾDŽ↣Ͼ䖛↣Ͼ乍ⳂЁ㟇ᇥߎ⦄ϔˈᑊৃ乍ⳂϔϾϾ䰊↉˄བᵰ乍ⳂߦߚЎ䰊↉˅Ёߎ⦄DŽ㱑✊ᴀゴЁˈ䖛㹿ᦣ䗄៤⬠㒓⋒␁ߚᯢⱘ⣀ゟ㒘៤䚼ߚˈԚᅲ䏉ЁˈᅗӀैৃ㛑Ѹ䗁ϢѸѦ⫼ˈ݊ԧᮍᓣᴀゴϡᢳ䆺䗄DŽ݇Ѣ䖛䯈ѸѦ⫼ⱘ䆺㒚䅼䆎ˈ䇋খⳟϝゴDŽ乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䖛⍝ঞࠄⱘфपঠᮍП䯈ⱘড়ৠᰃ⊩ᕟ᭛ӊDŽড়ৠ㋏ᣛᇍঠᮍ䛑㑺ᴳⱘण䆂кˈՓपᮍ᳝Нࡵᦤկ㾘ᅮⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰˈՓфᮍ᳝Нࡵᦤկ䋻Ꮥ݊ᅗ᳝ӋؐⱘᇍӋDŽড়ৠ䖭⾡⊩ᕟ݇㋏ৃ⊩䰶ࠊᑺϟ䖯㸠㸹ᬥDŽড়ৠण䆂к᮶ৃҹㅔऩгৃҹ↨䕗ᴖˈᑊৃডৃѸҬ៤ᵰⱘㅔऩᴖᗻDŽড়ৠݙࣙᣀᴵℒᴵӊˈгৃࣙᣀ݊ᅗ乍Ⳃˈ՟བ˖पᮍⱘᓎ䆂к㧹䫔ᅷӴ䌘᭭фᮍ⫼ҹ⹂ᅮपᮍሹ㑺ݙᆍկ䋻ݙᆍⱘ݊ᅗӏԩ᭛ӊDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳䋳䋷֗Փড়ৠヺড়乍Ⳃⱘԧ㽕∖DŽᑨ⫼乚ඳⱘϡৠˈড়ৠгৃ㹿⿄ण䆂ǃߚࣙড়ৠ䞛䌁䅶ऩDŽ᭄㒘㒛䛑ࠊᅮ᳝ԧⱘᬓㄪᑣˈᴹԧ㾘ᅮ䇕ৃҷ㸼㒘㒛ㅒ㕆ㅵ⧚ण䆂DŽ㱑✊᠔᳝乍Ⳃ᭛ӊ䛑䳔㽕㒣䖛ᶤ⾡ᔶᓣⱘᅵᡍ䖛ˈԚᰃ䡈Ѣড়ৠⱘ⊩ᕟ㑺ᴳˈ䗮ᐌড়ৠ䳔㽕㒣䖛ϹḐⱘᡍ䖛DŽӏԩϔ⾡ᚙމϟˈᅵᡍ䖛ⱘЏ㽕Ⳃᷛᰃ⹂ֱড়ৠ䇁㿔᠔ᦣ䗄ⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ㒧ᵰ⒵䎇᮶ᅮⱘ乍Ⳃ䳔∖DŽህ݀݅ᴎ݇ᅲᮑⱘ䞡乍Ⳃ㗠㿔ˈᅵᶹ䖛ৃ㛑䖬ࣙᣀ݀ӫᇍण䆂ⱘᅵᶹDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ৃᮽᳳህᕕ䆶ᑊ㦋ᕫড়ৠǃ䞛䌁⊩ᕟϧᆊⱘᬃᣕDŽ䖭⾡খϢৃ䗮䖛㒘㒛ᬓㄪќҹ㾘ᅮDŽ乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䖛⍝ঞⱘ⾡⌏ࡼᵘ៤ড়ৠⱘ⫳ੑ਼ᳳDŽ䗮䖛ᇍড়ৠ⫳ੑ਼ᳳ䖯㸠⿃ᵕㅵ⧚ᑊ䅸ⳳ᭳䜠ড়ৠᴵℒᴵӊⱘ䆡ˈৃ䙓ܡ㓧㾷ϔѯৃ䆚߿ⱘ乍Ⳃ亢䰽DŽህѻક᳡ࡵㅒ䅶ড়ৠᰃㅵ⧚؛ᅮ┰亢䰽ⱘϔ⾡䋷ӏߚ䜡ᮍᓣDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2702004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ᴖ乍Ⳃ㽕∖ৠᯊܜৢᇍϾড়ৠߚࣙড়ৠ䖯㸠ㅵ⧚DŽℸ⾡ᚙމϟˈऩ乍ড়ৠⱘ⫳ੑ਼ᳳৃ乍Ⳃⱘ⫳ੑ਼ᳳⱘӏԩ䰊↉㒧ᴳ˄খ㾕Ѡゴ˅DŽ乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚ᰃҢфᮍˉपᮍ݇㋏ⱘ㾦ᑺ䖯㸠䅼䆎ⱘDŽӏԩऩϾ乍ⳂЁˈфᮍˉपᮍ݇㋏ৃϾሖϞˈ䞛䌁㒘㒛ПݙПⱘ㒘㒛П䯈ᄬDŽपᮍᑨ⫼乚ඳⱘϡৠˈৃ⿄Ўᡓࣙଚǃߚࣙଚǃ䫔ଂଚǃ᳡ࡵկᑨଚ㗙կᑨଚDŽѢфᮍ乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ᕾ⦃ⱘԡ㕂ⱘϡৠˈфᮍৃ㹿⿄Ўᅶ᠋ǃ乒ᅶǃᘏࣙଚǃᡓࣙଚǃ䞛䌁㒘㒛ǃᬓᑰᴎᵘǃ᳡ࡵ䳔∖㗙䞛䌁ᮍDŽपᮍড়ৠ⫳ੑ਼ᳳЁৃ佪ܜ㹿⿄ЎᰃᡩᷛҎˈ✊ৢ㹿⿄ЎЁ䗝կᮍˈПৢ㹿⿄Ўড়ৠկᑨଚ䫔ଂଚDŽབᵰ䞛䌁ⱘϡҙҙᰃᴤ᭭ǃ⠽ક䗮⫼ѻકˈ߭पᮍ䗮ᐌᇚ݊ЎϔϾ乍Ⳃᴹㅵ⧚DŽ䖭⾡ᚙމϟ˖xфᮍህ៤њ乒ᅶˈ㗠ᰃपᮍⱘϔϾ݇䬂߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙DŽxपᮍⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᖙ乏݇⊼乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ᠔᳝䖛ˈ㗠ϡҙҙᰃᴀⶹ䆚乚ඳⱘ䖛DŽxড়ৠⱘᴵℒᴵӊ៤Ўपᮍ䆌ㅵ⧚䖛ⱘ݇䬂ձDŽড়ৠৃҹᅲ䰙ህࣙ䖭ѯձ˄՟བˈЏ㽕ѸҬ៤ᵰǃ݇䬂䞠ˈ៤ᴀⳂᷛ˅ˈ㗙䰤ࠊ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ⱘ䗝ᢽ˄՟བˈ䆒䅵乍ⳂЁˈҎਬ䜡ⱘއㄪᕔᕔ㽕ᕫࠄфᮍⱘৠᛣ˅DŽᴀゴ؛ᅮфᮍᴹ㞾乍Ⳃಶ䯳ݙ䚼ˈपᮍᴹ㞾乍Ⳃಶ䯳ⱘ䚼DŽབᵰᅲᮑ㒘㒛ᇍᅶ᠋㗠㿔ᰃ乍Ⳃपᮍˈᅲᮑ㒘㒛ЎфᮍҢ݊ᅗ䫔ଂଚկᑨଚ䌁ф乍ⳂЁՓ⫼ⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵǃ៤ᵰᄤ乍Ⳃ䚼ӊˈ߭䖭⾡݇㋏Ѻ䗖⫼DŽᴀゴ؛䆒фपঠᮍП䯈ᔶ៤ᑊᄬℷᓣⱘড়ৠ݇㋏DŽԚᰃˈᴀゴⱘ᭄ݙᆍৠḋг䗖⫼Ѣ乍Ⳃಶ䯳Ϣ㒘㒛ݙ݊ᅗܘᓳऩԡㅒ䅶ⱘ䴲ড়ৠᔶᓣⱘℷᓣ12ण䆂DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 271
कѠゴ 乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䞛䌁㾘ߦথࣙ㾘ߦ䆶Ӌ.1ձ.1ձ.1ձ.1ӕϮ⦃๗㋴.1䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2ড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢк.2䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.3㞾⊏䌁އㄪ.3䞛䌁᭛ӊ.4Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ (WBS) .4乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2Ꮉᡔᴃ.5Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ (WBS) ᄫ.亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ.1ᷛҎӮ.6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.Ϣ亢䰽Ⳍ݇ⱘড়ৠण䆂.2ߞⱏᑓਞ.亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ.䌘⑤䳔∖.3ࠊᅮড়Ḑपᮍ⏙ऩ.Ϣ亢䰽Ⳍ݇ⱘড়ৠण䆂.乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦ.䌘⑤䳔∖.⌏ࡼ៤ᴀԄㅫ.3៤ᵰ.乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦ.៤ᴀ㒓.1ড়Ḑपᮍ⏙ऩ.⌏ࡼ៤ᴀԄㅫ.2䞛䌁᭛ӊࣙ.2Ꮉᡔᴃ.៤ᴀ㒓.3ᓎ䆂к.1ᷛޚ㸼Ḑ.2Ꮉᡔᴃ.2ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.1㞾ࠊ - 䌁ߚᵤ.3៤ᵰ.2ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.1䞛䌁᭛ӊ.3ড়ৠ㉏ൟ.2䆘Ԅᷛޚ.3៤ᵰ.3ড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢк˄ᮄ˅.1䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2Ꮉড়ৠ䇈ᯢ.3㞾ࠊ䌁އᅮ.4ব䇋∖ড়ৠᬊሒড়ৠㅵ⧚.1ձ.1䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1ձ.2ড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1ড়ৠ.3ড়ৠ᭛ӊ䗝ᢽկᮍ.2ড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4ড়ৠᬊሒᑣ.3䗝Ёⱘपᮍ.1ձ.4㒽ᬜਞ.2Ꮉᡔᴃ.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.1䞛䌁ᅵ䅵.5ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.2䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2ড়ৠḷḜㅵ⧚㋏㒳.6Ꮉ㒽ᬜֵᙃ.3䆘Ԅᷛޚ.4䞛䌁᭛ӊࣙ.3៤ᵰ.2Ꮉᡔᴃ.5ᓎ䆂к.1ড়ৠবࠊ㋏㒳.1ড়ৠᬊሒ.6ড়Ḑपᮍ⏙ऩ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ(ᮄ).2фᮍ䖯㸠ⱘ㒽ᬜᅵḌ.乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.3ẔᶹᅵḌ.亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ.4㒽ᬜਞ.Ϣ亢䰽Ⳍ݇ⱘড়ৠᴵ㑺.5ᬃҬ㋏㒳.6㋶䌨ㅵ⧚.2Ꮉᡔᴃ.7ড়ৠḷḜㅵ⧚㋏㒳.1ᴗ䞡㋏㒳.8ֵᙃᡔᴃ.2ऩ⣀Ԅㅫ.3ㄯ䗝㋏㒳3.៤ᵰ.4ড়ৠणଚ.1ড়ৠ᭛ӊ.5पᮍ䆘㑻㋏㒳.2ব䇋∖.6ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.3㤤ⱘ㑴ℷᮑ.7ᓎ䆂к䆘Ԅᡔᴃ.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ(ᮄ).5乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ(ᮄ).3៤ᵰ.1Ё䗝ⱘկᮍ.2ড়ৠ.3ড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.4䌘⑤ৃ⫼ᗻ.5䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ(ᮄ).6ব䇋∖12-1˖乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚ὖ䉠®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2722004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
Ꮦഎֵᙃᓔথ乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ᡔᎻ䞛䌁㾘ߦ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦㅵ⧚䅵ߦӕϮ⦃๗㋴ () () ᬓㄪǃᑣᣛᇐᮍ䩜পⱘᬭ䆁䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦⶹ䆚᭄ᑧᎹড়ৠ䇈ᯢк㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ㞾ࠊ䌁އㄪᡍޚⱘব䳔∖ᡍޚⱘ㑴䫭ᮑড়ৠᷛ㾘ߦ㣗ೈᅮН () 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк() ߯ᓎᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䞛䌁᭛ḷᄫ䆘Ԅᷛޚ() Ꮉড়ৠ䇈ᯢк˄ᮄ˅⌏ࡼ䌘⑤䳔∖䙔䇋կᮍಲᑨ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤䳔∖() ࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦ() () ড়Ḑपᮍⱘৡऩ䞛䌁᭛ӊࣙ៤ᴀ乘ㅫᓎ䆂к⌏ࡼ៤ᴀԄㅫ() ៤ᴀޚ៤ᴀ乘ㅫ䗝ᢽկᮍ⬇䇋ⱘব () () 亢䰽䆚߿ 䗝ᅮⱘկᮍড়ৠ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ() ড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦ12亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ䌘⑤ৃ⫼ᗻ亢䰽Ⳍ݇ⱘড়ৠण䆂 () ড়ৠㅵ⧚乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅㒽ᬜਞ㾘ߦ㒽ᬜਞ ⬇䇋ⱘব() () 㹿㤤ⱘ㑴ℷᮑ乍Ⳃᅲᮑᣛড়ৠ᭛ḷ㓐ড়বࠊᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘᇐϢㅵ⧚䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦ() () 㒘㒛䖛ড়ৠᬊሒ䌘ѻ(ᮄ)乍Ⳃᬊሒড়ৠᬊሒ ড়ৠᬊሒᑣ() () ⊼˖ᴀ㛑ড᠔᳝䖛П䯈ⱘѸѦ⫼ֵᙃ⌕ࡼ12-2˖乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䖛⌕®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 273
कѠゴ 乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䞛䌁㾘ߦ䞛䌁㾘ߦᰃ⹂ᅮાѯ乍Ⳃ䳔∖ৃҹ䗮䖛Ң乍Ⳃ㒘㒛П䞛䌁ѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰᴹ᳔དⱘ⒵䎇ǃાѯ乍Ⳃ䳔∖ᰃ乍Ⳃಶ䯳乍Ⳃᅲᮑ䖛Ёৃҹ㞾㸠⒵䎇ⱘ䖛DŽᅗ⍝ঞࠄ㗗㰥ᰃ৺䳔㽕䞛䌁ǃབԩ䞛䌁ǃ䞛䌁ҔМǃ䞛䌁ᇥǃҹঞԩᯊ䞛䌁DŽᔧ乍ⳂҢᅲᮑ㒘㒛Пপᕫ乍Ⳃሹ㸠᠔䳔ⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰᯊˈ↣乍ѻક㗙᳡ࡵ䛑ᖙ乏㒣ग़Ң䞛䌁㾘ߦⳈࠄড়ৠᬊሒⱘϾ䖛DŽ䞛䌁㾘ߦ䖛гࣙᣀ㗗㰥┰पᮍⱘ䖛ˈ⡍߿ᰃфᮍᏠᳯᇍথࣙއㄪᮑࡴϔᅮⱘᕅડࠊⱘᚙމϟDŽৠᯊˈгᑨ㗗㰥⬅䇕䋳䋷㦋ᕫᣕ᳝⊩ᕟǃ⊩㾘㒘㒛ᬓㄪ㽕∖ⱘӏԩⳌ݇䆌ৃ䆕ϧϮᠻ✻DŽ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦৃᇍ䞛䌁㾘ߦ䖛䗴៤䞡ᕅડˈࠊᅮ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䖛Ёᔶ៤ⱘއㄪгӮᕅડ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦˈᑊϢ䖯ᑺࠊᅮ˄㡖˅ǃ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ˄㡖˅㞾ࠊ䌁އㄪ䖛ѸѦ⫼DŽ䞛䌁㾘ߦ䖛ࣙᣀᇍ↣乍㞾ࠊ䌁އㄪ⍝ঞⱘ亢䰽ǃҹঞህ亢䰽㓧㾷亢䰽䕀⿏㒭पᮍ㗠䅵ߦՓ⫼ⱘড়ৠ㉏ൟ䖯㸠ᅵḌDŽձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1㞾ࠊ䌁ߚᵤ.1䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1ӕϮ⦃๗㋴.2ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.2ড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢк.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.3ড়ৠ㉏ൟ.3㞾ࠊ䌁އㄪ.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк.4ব䇋∖.4Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ.5Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡.6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦx亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠxϢ亢䰽Ⳍ݇ⱘড়ৠण䆂x䌘⑤㽕∖x乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦ12-3˖䞛䌁㾘ߦ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2742004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
䞛䌁㾘ߦ˖ձ.1ӕϮ⦃๗㋴᠔㗗㰥ⱘӕϮ⦃๗㋴˄খ㾕㡖˅ࣙᣀᏖഎᴵӊǃҢᏖഎৃ㦋ᕫⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰǃᣝ✻ԩ⾡ᴵӊᴵℒҢ䇕䙷䞠㦋ᕫDŽབᵰᅲᮑ㒘㒛ᴀ䑿䆒᳝ℷᓣⱘ䞛䌁থࣙ䚼䮼ˈ߭乍Ⳃಶ䯳ህᖙ乏ᦤկ乍Ⳃ䞛䌁⌏ࡼ᠔䳔ⱘ䌘⑤ϢϧϮⶹ䆚DŽ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄খ㾕㡖˅ৃᦤկࠊᅮ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䗝ᢽড়ৠ㉏ൟ䖛Ё䳔㗗㰥ⱘℷᓣ䴲ℷᓣⱘϢ䞛䌁Ⳍ݇ⱘᬓㄪǃᑣǃᣛᇐॳ߭ㅵ⧚ԧ㋏DŽ㒘㒛ᬓㄪᐌᐌӮ䰤ࠊ䞛䌁އㄪDŽ䖭ѯᬓㄪࠊ㑺㋴ࣙᣀ˖䰤ࠊՓ⫼ㅔऩ䞛䌁䅶ऩǃ㽕∖䍙䖛ϔᅮ䞥乱ⱘ䞛䌁Փ⫼䭓ᓣড়ৠǃ㽕∖Փ⫼⡍ᅮḐᓣⱘড়ৠǃ䰤ࠊࠊᅮ㞾ࠊ䌁އㄪⱘ㛑ǃ䰤ࠊ㽕∖Փ⫼⡍ᅮ㉏ൟ㾘ⱘपᮍDŽϔѯᑨ⫼乚ඳⱘӕϮг䆒᳝᮶ᅮⱘ⬅Ӭ䗝㒣䖛䌘Ḑ乘ᅵⱘपᮍ㒘៤ⱘሖկᑨଚ㒧ᵘԧ㋏ˈҹ䰡Ԣ㒘㒛ⱘⳈपᮍ᭄䞣ᑊᓎゟᑓ⊯ⱘկᑨ䫒DŽ.3乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˄খⳟ㡖˅ᦣ䗄乍Ⳃ䖍⬠ҹঞϢ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⳌ݇ⱘ㽕∖ǃࠊ㑺㋴؛䆒ᴵӊDŽࠊ㑺㋴ᰃᣛ䰤ࠊфपঠᮍ䗝ᢽⱘ⾡㋴DŽᇍѢ䆌乍Ⳃᴹ䇈ˈ᳔ᐌ㾕ⱘࠊ㑺㋴Пϔᰃ䌘䞥ᰃ৺ࠄԡDŽ݊Ҫࠊ㑺㋴ࣙᣀˈ㽕∖ⱘѸҬ᮹ᳳǃৃ⫼ⱘᡔᴃ䌘⑤Ⳍ݇㒘㒛ᬓㄪⱘ㽕∖DŽ؛䆒ᣛ㹿㾚Ўℷ12⹂ǃⳳᅲⱘ㋴ˈ՟བ˖؛ᅮৃ㦋ᕫϾपᮍऩϔ䋻⑤पᮍDŽ᳝⊩ᕟড়ৠᮍ䴶ᛣНⱘ㽕∖ࣙᣀˈعᒋǃᅝܼǃि⫳ǃ㒽ᬜǃ⦃๗ǃֱ䰽ǃⶹ䆚ѻᴗǃৠㄝህϮᴎӮǃ䆌ৃ䆕ᠻ✻DŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкᦤկњ䞛䌁㾘ߦ䖛Ёᑨќҹ㗗㰥ⱘ乍Ⳃ䳔∖Ϣㄪ⬹ᮍ䴶ⱘ䞡㽕ֵᙃDŽৠᯊгЎ乍Ⳃঞ݊ѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰ㾘ᅮњϔ㋏߫ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ偠ᬊᷛޚDŽᑊ㗗㰥ᑨ㒇ܹ䞛䌁᭛ӊЁⱘ᠔᳝㽕㋴ҹঞড়ৠЁᦤկ㒭पᮍⱘ᠔᳝㽕㋴DŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкЁⱘѻક㣗ೈᦣ䗄Ў䞛䌁㾘ߦ䖛Ё㗗㰥ⱘ乍Ⳃѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰᮍ䴶ⱘᡔᴃ䯂乬ᦤկ䞡㽕ֵᙃDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 275
कѠゴ 乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкЁⱘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡Ў乍Ⳃ㣗ೈᦤկ䆺㒚ⱘ㋏㒳䅵ߦDŽ.4Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄খ㾕㡖˅䯤ᯢњ乍Ⳃ㒘ӊП䯈ⱘঞ݊Ϣ乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰ˄খ㾕㡖˅П䯈ⱘ݇㋏DŽ.5Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡˄খ㾕㡖˅ᦤկњᎹⱘ䆺㒚䇈ᯢˈࣙᣀৃѸҬ៤ᵰⱘ䆚߿ҹঞᅠ៤↣乍ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ᠔䳔ⱘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘ӊݙⱘᎹⱘᦣ䗄DŽ.6乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄খ㾕㡖˅ᦤկњ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘᘏԧ䅵ߦˈࣙⳌ݇Ңሲ䅵ߦˈ՟བ˖㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦǃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦǃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄Ў䞛䌁ㅵ⧚㾘ߦᦤկᣛᇐ˅DŽ䞛䌁㾘ߦ䖛Ёᖙ乏㗗㰥᳝ાѯ݊Ҫ㾘ߦ៤ᵰৃ߽⫼DŽ䗮ᐌᑨࡴҹ㗗㰥ⱘ݊Ҫ㾘ߦ៤ᵰࣙᣀ˖x亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ˄খ㾕 㡖˅˖ࣙϢ亢䰽Ⳍ݇ⱘֵᙃˈ՟བ˖䆚߿ⱘ亢䰽ǃ亢䰽䋳䋷Ҏ亢䰽ᑨᇍㄪ⬹ㄝDŽxϢ亢䰽Ⳍ݇ⱘড়ৠण䆂˄খ㾕 㡖˅˖ࣙᣀ⫼ҹ㾘ᅮᮍԧ亢䰽থ⫳ᯊᑨᡓᢙⱘ䋷ӏⱘֱ䰽ǃ᳡ࡵ݊Ҫ乍Ⳃⱘण䆂DŽx⌏ࡼ䌘⑤㽕∖˖খ㾕㡖DŽx乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦ˖খ㾕㡖DŽx⌏ࡼ៤ᴀԄㅫ˖খ㾕㡖DŽx៤ᴀޚ˖খ㾕㡖DŽ䞛䌁㾘ߦ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1㞾ࠊ䌁ߚᵤ㞾ࠊ䌁ߚᵤᰃϔ⾡䗮⫼ⱘㅵ⧚ᡔᴃˈᰃ乍Ⳃ䞛䌁㾘ߦ䖛ⱘϔ䚼ߚˈ⫼ҹ⹂ᅮᶤ乍ԧѻક᳡ࡵᰃ⬅乍Ⳃಶ䯳㞾㸠⫳ѻ䖬ᰃ䞛䌁DŽ䖯㸠㞾ࠊ䌁އㄪ䖛Ёˈᑨ㗗㰥乍Ⳃ乘ㅫⱘӏԩࠊ㑺㋴DŽབᵰއᅮ䌁фˈ߭ᑨ㒻㓁ߎ䌁ф⾳䌕އㄪDŽℸ乍ߚᵤࣙᣀⳈ䌍⫼Ϣ䯈䌍⫼DŽ՟བˈ㗗㰥Ā䌁āᯊˈߚᵤᑨࣙᣀ䌁ф䆹乍ѻકⱘ᠔ᅲ䰙ᬃߎⱘⳈ䌍⫼ˈгᑨࣙᣀㅵ⧚䞛䌁䖛᠔䳔ⱘ䯈䌍⫼DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2762004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
㞾ࠊ䌁ߚᵤЁˈབᵰއᅮ䌁ˈ߭гডњᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘ䭓䖰㾘ߦ乍Ⳃⱘᔧࠡ䳔㽕DŽ՟བˈއᅮ䌁㕂ᶤ乍ᅮ䌘ѻ˄ӏԩ⠽કҢᮑᎹ䔺ࠄϾҎ⬉㛥˅ˈ㗠ϡᰃ⾳⫼㗙⾳䌕ˈҢ乍Ⳃ㒣⌢ᬜⲞϞⳟৃ㛑ড়ㅫˈгৃ㛑ϡড়ㅫDŽԚᰃབᵰᅲᮑ㒘㒛䳔㽕䭓ᳳՓ⫼䆹乍ᅮ䌘ѻˈ߭ߚ᨞ࠄ乍ⳂϞⱘ䙷䚼ߚ䌁㕂䌍⫼ህ᳝ৃ㛑ԢѢ⾳䌕䌍⫼DŽৃḍ䖍䰙ߚᵤ䖯㸠៤ᴀⱘߚ᨞DŽᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘ䭓䖰⬹гᰃ㞾ࠊ䌁ߚᵤЁᑨ㗗㰥ⱘݙᆍDŽ㒘㒛ݙৃ㛑ϡᅲᮑ乍Ⳃ᠔䳔ⱘѻકDŽ✊㗠ˈ㒘㒛ৃ㛑乘ᳳᇚᴹӮ䳔㽕䖭ѯѻકˈ㒘㒛䅵ߦᇚᴹ⫳ѻ䖭⾡ѻકDŽሑㅵ⦄᳝乍Ⳃৃ㛑ᄬⳌ݇ⱘࠊ㑺㋴㽕∖ˈϞ䗄㗗㰥ৃ㛑Ӯ֗Փߎ㞾ࠊއㄪDŽ䖭⾡ᚙމϟˈ䆄ܹ乍Ⳃⱘ៤ᴀৃ㛑ᇥѢᅲ䰙៤ᴀˈ݊䯈ⱘᏂؐҷ㸼њ㒘㒛Ўᴹߎⱘᡩ䌘DŽ.2ϧᆊ߸ᮁ䆘Ԅ䆹䖛ⱘձ៤ᵰᕔᕔ䳔㽕ϧᆊⱘᡔᴃ߸ᮁDŽгৃձϧᆊ䞛䌁߸ᮁࠊᅮׂᬍ䆘ᷛᷛޚDŽϧᆊ⊩ᕟ߸ᮁৃ㛑㽕∖ᕟᏜᦤկⳌ݇᳡ࡵˈणࡽߎ䴲ᷛޚ䞛䌁ᴵℒᴵӊᮍ䴶ⱘ߸ᮁDŽ䆹߸ᮁϧϮ⡍䭓˄ࣙᣀଚϮᡔᴃ⡍䭓˅ϡҙ䗖⫼Ѣ䞛䌁ⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰⱘᡔᴃ㒚㡖㗠Ϩг䗖⫼Ѣ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䖛ⱘϾᮍ䴶DŽ.3ড়ৠ㉏ൟ䗝ᢽԧ䇈ᴹˈϡৠ㉏ൟⱘড়ৠ䗖⫼Ѣϡৠ㉏ൟⱘ䞛䌁DŽ᠔䗝ᢽⱘড়ৠ㉏ൟҹঞԧⱘড়ৠᴵӊᴵℒᇚ⬠ᅮфपঠᮍ㞾ᡓᢙⱘ亢䰽∈ᑇDŽড়ৠ䗮ᐌЎҹϟϝ㉏ൟПϔ˖xᅮᘏӋ㗙ᘏࣙড়ৠDŽℸ㉏ড়ৠЎᅮНᯢ⹂ⱘѻક㾘ᅮϔϾᅮᘏӋDŽ12ᅮᘏӋড়ৠгৃҹࣙᣀЎ䖒ࠄ䍙䖛㾘ᅮⱘ乍ⳂⳂᷛ˄՟བˈ䖯ᑺⳂᷛ˅ᯊ㗠䞛পⱘ༪ࢅᮑDŽᅮӋড়ৠ᳔ㅔऩⱘḐᓣेᰃϔ乍㾘ᅮ⡍ᅮ᮹ᳳᣝ✻㾘ᅮⱘӋḐѸҬ㾘ᅮⱘѻકⱘ䞛䌁䅶ऩDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 277
कѠゴ 乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚x៤ᴀ䫔ড়ৠDŽℸ㉏ড়ৠपᮍᬃҬ˄䫔˅ᅲ䰙䌍⫼ˈ䗮ᐌᑊࡴϞϔヨ䝀䞥Ўपᮍⱘ߽⍺DŽ䌍⫼䗮ᐌߚЎⳈ䌍⫼Ϣ䯈䌍⫼DŽⳈ䌍⫼ᣛϧ⫼Ѣᴀ乍Ⳃᓔᬃⱘ䌍⫼˄՟བˈܼ㘠乍ⳂҎਬⱘ㭾䞥˅DŽ䯈䌍⫼ˈজ⿄ㅵ⧚䌍⫼㗙ᴖ乍ᓔᬃˈᣛ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ߚ᨞ࠄ乍Ⳃৡϟⱘ㒣㧹䌍⫼˄՟བˈ䯈খϢ乍Ⳃⱘㅵ⧚Ҏਬⱘ㭾䞥ǃࡲ݀ᅸⱘ∈⬉䌍ㄝ݀⫼џϮ䌍⫼˅DŽ䯈䌍⫼䗮ᐌᣝⳈ䌍⫼ⱘᶤϾⱒߚ↨䖯㸠䅵ㅫDŽ៤ᴀ䫔ড়ৠ䗮ᐌࣙᣀ䖒ࠄ䍙䖛乘ᅮⱘ乍ⳂⳂᷛ˄՟བ䖯ᑺⳂᷛᘏ៤ᴀⳂᷛ˅ᯊⱘपᮍ㦋ᕫ༪䞥㑶߽ⱘ༪ࢅᮑDŽ᳔ᐌ㾕ⱘϝ⾡៤ᴀ䫔ড়ৠߚ߿ᰃ៤ᴀࡴ䝀䞥ড়ৠ˄CPF˅ǃ៤ᴀࡴᅮ䝀䞥ড়ৠ˄CPFF˅ǃ៤ᴀࡴ▔ࢅ䝀䞥ড়ৠ˄CPIF˅DŽa.៤ᴀࡴ䝀䞥ড়ৠ˄CPF˅៤ᴀࡴ៤ᴀⱒߚ↨ড়ৠ˄CPPC˅˖Ўपᮍ䫔पᮍᅲᮑড়ৠᎹথ⫳ⱘܕ䆌៤ᴀˈৠᯊपᮍ㦋ᕫϔᅮ䝀䞥ˈ䗮ᐌᣝ✻ଚᅮⱘⱒߚ↨ҹ៤ᴀЎ᭄䅵ㅫDŽ䝀䞥ᅲ䰙៤ᴀⱘϡৠ㗠ᓖDŽb.៤ᴀࡴᅮ䝀䞥˄CPFF˅˖Ўपᮍ䫔पᮍᅲᮑড়ৠᎹথ⫳ⱘܕ䆌៤ᴀˈৠᯊपᮍ㦋ᕫᅮ䝀䞥DŽᅮ䝀䞥䗮ᐌᣝ✻ଚᅮⱘⱒߚ↨ҹ乍Ⳃ៤ᴀԄㅫЎ᭄䅵ㅫDŽ䰸䴲乍Ⳃ㣗ೈথ⫳বˈ৺߭ᅮ䝀䞥ϡ䱣ᅲ䰙៤ᴀⱘব࣪㗠ব࣪DŽc.៤ᴀࡴ▔ࢅ䝀䞥˄CPIF˅˖Ўपᮍ䫔पᮍᅲᮑড়ৠᎹথ⫳ⱘܕ䆌៤ᴀˈৠᯊˈབᵰᅲ⦄ড়ৠЁ㾘ᅮⱘ⡍ᅮ㒽ᬜⳂᷛ∈ᑇˈपᮍᇚ㦋ᕫ乘ᅮ䝀䞥ˈे˖▔ࢅ䝀䞥DŽ᳝ѯCPIFড়ৠЁˈབᵰ᳔㒜៤ᴀԢѢ乘ᳳ៤ᴀˈ߭фपঠᮍП䯈ৃѢ乘ᅮⱘߚ᨞↨՟ˈ݅ৠѿ᳝㡖ⳕⱘ៤ᴀDŽxᯊ䯈Ϣᴤ᭭ড়ৠ˄T&Mড়ৠ˅DŽT&Mড়ৠᰃࣙᣀ៤ᴀ䫔ড়ৠϢᅮᘏӋড়ৠϸ㗙ⱘᶤѯ⡍⚍ⱘ⏋ড়ൟড়ৠDŽT&Mড়ৠϢ៤ᴀ䫔ড়ৠⳌԐП໘ѢᅗӀৠሲᬲষড়ৠˈᥜᷛᯊᑊ⹂ᅮ݊ড়ৠᘏӋᑨѸҬѻકⱘ⹂ߛ᭄䞣DŽℸˈT&Mড়ৠⱘড়ৠӋؐৃҹ䭓ˈህڣ៤ᴀ䫔ড়ৠϔḋDŽⳌডˈфᮍϢपᮍৃҹџܜህ⡍ᅮ䌘⑤㉏ൟଚᅮᶤѯऩӋˈ䖭ϾᛣНϞˈT&Mড়ৠгৃ㛑ϢᅮᘏӋড়ৠⳌӓDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2782004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
фᮍ㾘ᅮⱘ㽕∖˄՟བ˖ᷛޚѻક⠜ᴀ䅶ࠊѻક⠜ᴀǃ㒽ᬜਞǃ៤ᴀ᭄ᦤѸ˅ҹঞ݊Ҫ㾘ߦ㋴˄՟བ˖Ꮦഎゲѝ∈ᑇ亢䰽∈ᑇ˅гᇚއᅮড়ৠ㉏ൟⱘ䗝ᢽDŽˈपᮍৃᇚ䖭ѯԧ㽕∖Ў䳔㽕乱䌍⫼ⱘ乍ⳂDŽˈ䖬㽕㗗㰥乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᇚᴹ䌁ф䆹ѻક᳡ࡵⱘ┰ৃ㛑ᗻDŽབᵰᄬᕜⱘ┰ˈ߭पᮍᇚؒѢᜓᛣߎԢⱘӋḐDŽ㱑✊䖭ৃҹ䰡Ԣ乍Ⳃ៤ᴀˈԚᰃˈབᵰфᮍህ䖭⾡┰ⱘ䌁фߎᡓ䇎Ԛᑊᅲ⦄ⱘᚙމϟˈᇚѻ⫳Ⳍ݇ⱘ⊩ᕟᕅડDŽ䞛䌁㾘ߦ˖៤ᵰ.1䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦᦣ䗄བԩㅵ⧚Ңࠊᅮ䞛䌁᭛ӊⳈࠄড়ৠᬊሒⱘ䞛䌁䖛ˈ݊ݙᆍৃࣙᣀ˖x䞛⫼ⱘড়ৠ㉏ൟxབᵰ䆘Ԅᷛޚ㽕∖᳝⣀ゟⱘԄㅫˈ⬅䇕䖯㸠Ԅㅫ˛xབᵰᅲᮑ㒘㒛䆒᳝䞛䌁থࣙ䚼䮼ˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᴀ䑿ᑨ䞛পⱘ㸠ࡼxᷛޚⱘ䞛䌁᭛ӊ˄བᵰ䳔㽕˅xㅵ⧚Ͼկᑨଚxण䇗䞛䌁Ϣ乍Ⳃⱘ݊Ҫᮍ䴶ˈ՟བˈ䖯ᑺࠊ䅶Ϣ㒽ᬜਞx㛑ᇍ㾘ߦⱘ䞛䌁䗴៤ᕅડⱘࠊ㑺㋴؛䆒ᴵӊx໘⧚Ңपᮍ䌁фѻક᠔䳔ⱘᦤࠡ䅶䋻ᳳˈᑊህ݊Ϣ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦࠊᅮ䖛䖯㸠ण䇗x໘⧚㞾ࠊ䌁އㄪᑊϢ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤䳔∖䖯ᑺ䅵ߦࠊᅮ䖛Ⳍ݇㘨12xࠊᅮ↣Ͼড়ৠЁ㾘ᅮড়ৠৃѸҬ៤ᵰⱘ䖯ᑺᑊϢ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦࠊᅮ䖛ࠊ䖛Ⳍण䇗x⹂ᅮሹ㑺ֱߑֱ䰽ড়ৠˈҹ䰡Ԣϔѯ乍Ⳃ亢䰽xࠊᅮᦤկ㒭पᮍⱘ᳝݇བԩࠊᅮ㓈ᣕড়ৠᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘⱘᣛᇐ䇈ᯢx⹂ᅮড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢкᑨՓ⫼ⱘḐᓣᔶᓣx⹂ᅮ㒣䖛䌘Ḑ乘ᅵⱘӬ䗝पᮍ˄བ᳝˅xㅵ⧚ড়ৠ䆘ԄपᮍՓ⫼ⱘ䞛䌁㸵䞣ᣛᷛDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 279
कѠゴ 乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚ḍ乍Ⳃ䳔㽕ˈ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦৃҹℷᓣ䴲ℷᓣˈৃ䆺ৃ⬹DŽᅗᰃ㡖乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘϔϾҢሲ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽ.2ড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢк↣乍䞛䌁ড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢкҙ䇈ᯢϢড়ৠⳌ݇ⱘ䚼ߚ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈDŽḍ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкǃᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡ࠊᅮ↣乍ড়ৠⱘᎹ䇈ᯢкDŽড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢкᇍ᠔䞛䌁ѻક䖯㸠䕗䆺㒚ⱘᦣ䗄ˈҹ֓䅽┰ⱘपᮍ⹂ᅮҪӀ㛑৺ᦤկ䆹乍ⳂDŽ㟇Ѣড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢк˄SOW˅䆺㒚ࠄԩ⾡ᑺˈ߭乍Ⳃⱘᗻ䋼ǃфᮍⱘ䳔㽕ˈ㗙᠔乘ᳳⱘড়ৠᔶᓣ㗠ᓖDŽড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢкᦣ䗄њᇚ⬅पᮍկᑨⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰDŽ݊ݙࣙⱘֵᙃࣙᣀ˖㾘ḐǃᏠᳯⱘ᭄䞣ǃ䋼䞣∈ᑇǃᗻ㛑᭄ǃሹ㑺ᳳ䰤ǃᎹഄ݊Ҫ㽕∖DŽড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢкᑨ∖⏙᱄ǃᅠᭈǃㅔ㒗DŽᅗᑨࣙᣀᇍ᠔᳝䰘ᏺ᳡ࡵⱘᦣ䗄ˈ՟བˈϢ᠔䞛䌁⠽કⳌ݇ⱘ㒽ᬜਞଂৢ䖤㸠ᡔᴃᬃᧈㄝDŽᶤѯᑨ⫼乚ඳᇍড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢк᳝ݙᆍϢḐᓣϞⱘԧ㽕∖DŽ↣乍䞛䌁乍Ⳃ䛑㽕∖᳝ড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢкDŽԚгৃᇚϾѻક᳡ࡵᔦ䲚ЎϔϾ䞛䌁乍ⳂˈᑊܹϔϾড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢкЁDŽ䱣ⴔ䞛䌁䖛ⱘ䖯ሩˈড়ৠㅒ㕆ПࠡᎹ䇈ᯢкৃҹḍ㽕∖خ䖯ϔℹⱘׂ䅶ᯢ⹂࣪DŽ՟བˈᶤϾᴹⱘपᮍৃҹᓎ䆂䞛⫼↨ॳ㾘ᅮᬜ⥛催ⱘᮍ⊩ˈ៤ᴀԢⱘѻકDŽ.3㞾ࠊ䌁އㄪાѯѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰ⬅乍Ⳃಶ䯳㞾ࠊ䌁ⱘᔶ៤᭛ḷⱘއㄪDŽ䖭ৃࣙᣀЎᑨᇍ䆚߿ⱘ亢䰽㗠އᅮ䌁фֱ䰽ሹ㑺ֱߑDŽ㞾ࠊ䌁އㄪ᭛ӊৃҹ↨䕗ㅔऩˈাㅔ㽕߫ᯢߎއㄪⱘॳձDŽབᵰ䱣ৢⱘ䞛䌁⌏ࡼ㸼ᯢ䳔㽕䞛⫼ϡৠⱘᮍ⊩ˈ߭䖭ϔއㄪ䖛ᇚᰃ䗁ࡴⱘ䖛DŽ.4ব䇋∖䞛䌁㾘ߦ䖛ৃ㛑Ӯᇐ㟈ህ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦঞ݊Ңሲ䅵ߦ݊Ҫ㒘៤䚼ߚᦤߎব䇋∖˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ䗮䖛ᭈԧবࠊ䖛˄খ㾕㡖˅ᇍব䇋∖䖯㸠ᅵᶹ໘⧚DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2802004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
থࣙ㾘ߦথࣙ㾘ߦ䖛ᣛᬃᣕ䆶Ӌ䖛䗝ᢽկᮍ䖛᠔䳔᭛ӊⱘޚDŽձ ᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1ᷛޚ㸼Ḑ.1䞛䌁᭛ӊ.2ড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢк.2ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.2䆘Ԅᷛޚ.3㞾ࠊ䌁އㄪ.3ড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢ.4乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦкx亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ˄ᮄ˅xϢ亢䰽Ⳍ݇ⱘড়ৠण䆂x.䌘⑤㽕∖(.乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦ(.⌏ࡼ៤ᴀԄㅫ(៤ᴀޚ12-4˖থࣙ㾘ߦ˗ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ䆶Ӌ㾘ߦ˖ձ.1䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘᦣ䗄খⳟ㡖DŽ.2ড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢкড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢкⱘᦣ䗄খⳟ㡖DŽ㞾ࠊ䌁އㄪ㞾ࠊ䌁އㄪ˄খ㾕㡖˅ㅒথⱘ䳔䌁乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃಶ䯳㞾ࠊ乍Ⳃ⏙ऩЁќҹ䆄ᔩDŽ.4乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄খ㾕㡖˅ᦤկњЎ䞛䌁᭛ӊࠊᅮ䖛ⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘ݊Ҫ㾘ߦ៤ᵰ᭛ӊˈԚৃ㛑䳔㽕ᇍ䖭ѯ᭛ӊ䖯㸠ᅵᶹׂᬍDŽ⡍߿ᰃˈ䞛䌁᭛ӊⱘࠊᅮϢ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦ˄খ㾕㡖˅Ё㾘ߦⱘѸҬ᮹ᳳ㋻ᆚⳌ݇DŽx亢䰽ⱏ䆄ऩ˖ࣙϢ亢䰽Ⳍ݇ⱘֵᙃˈ՟བ˖䆚߿ⱘ亢䰽ǃ亢䰽ḍᴀॳǃ亢䰽䋳䋷Ҏǃ亢䰽ߚᵤ㒧ᵰǃ亢䰽Ӭܜᥦᑣǃ亢䰽ߚ㉏亢䰽ᑨᇍㄪ⬹ㄝ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䖛DŽxϢ亢䰽Ⳍ݇ⱘড়ৠण䆂˄খ㾕 㡖˅˖ࣙᣀ⫼ҹ㾘ᅮᮍԧ亢䰽থ⫳ᯊᑨህ݊ᡓᢙⱘ䋷ӏⱘֱ䰽ǃ᳡ࡵ݊Ҫण䆂DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 281
कѠゴ 乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚x⌏ࡼ䌘⑤㽕∖˖খ㾕㡖DŽx乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦ˖খ㾕㡖DŽx⌏ࡼ៤ᴀԄㅫ˖খ㾕㡖DŽx៤ᴀޚ˖খ㾕㡖DŽথࣙ㾘ߦ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1ᷛޚ㸼Ḑᷛޚ㸼Ḑࣙᣀᷛޚড়ৠǃᷛޚ䞛䌁џ乍ᦣ䗄ǃֱᆚण䆂ǃӋ䆘ᷛᷛޚḌᇍ㸼᠔䳔ⱘᷛ᭛ӊⱘܼ䚼㗙䚼ߚᷛޚ⠜ᴀDŽ䞣Ңџ䞛䌁ⱘ㒘㒛ᑨᡞ᭄Ϟ䗄᭛ӊࡴҹᷛޚ࣪DŽ䖯㸠ⶹ䆚ѻᴗѸᯧⱘфपঠᮍᑨᇍᮍᦤկӏԩԧⱘⶹ䆚ѻᴗֵᙃПࠡᡍޚফֱᆚण䆂DŽ.2ϧᆊ߸ᮁϧᆊ߸ᮁⱘᦣ䗄খⳟ㡖DŽথࣙ㾘ߦ˖៤ᵰ.1䞛䌁᭛ӊ䞛䌁᭛ӊ⫼Ѣ㦋ᕫ┰पᮍⱘӋᓎ䆂кDŽᷛӋϢӋ䖭ϸϾᴃ䇁䗮ᐌ⫼Ѣ䗝ᢽկᮍⱘއㄪҹӋḐЎᴀ㗗㰥㋴˄՟བˈ䌁фଚϮѻકᷛޚѻકᯊ˅ˈ㗠ᓎ䆂к䖭Ͼᴃ䇁߭䗮ᐌ⫼Ѣҹᡔᴃ㛑ᡔᴃᮍ⊩ㄝЎЏ㽕㗗㰥㋴DŽԚ䖭ѯᴃ䇁ҎӀᐌᐌѸ᳓Փ⫼ˈℸᖙ乏⊼ᛣϡ㽕ᇍ᠔⫼ᴃ䇁ⱘНߎ㔎Уḍⱘ؛䆒DŽϡৠ㉏ൟⱘ䞛䌁᭛ӊᐌ⫼ⱘৡ⿄ࣙᣀ˖ᡩᷛ䙔䇋к˄IFB˅ǃᕕ∖ᓎ䆂к˄RFP˅ǃ䆶Ӌк˄RFQ˅ǃᷛ䗮ⶹǃ⌑䇜䙔䇋ǃҹঞᡓࣙଚ߱ℹᓎ䆂ᕕ∖кDŽфᮍ䞛䌁᭛ӊⱘ㒧ᵘᑨ֓Ѣ┰ⱘपᮍ㛑ޚ⹂ǃᅠᭈഄ䖯㸠ᑨㄨҹঞᡩᷛ᭛ӊⱘ䆘ᷛDŽℸ㉏᭛ӊᑨࣙᣀⳌ݇ⱘড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢкǃᇍ᠔ᳳᳯⱘᑨㄨᮍᓣⱘᦣ䗄ˈҹঞ᠔䳔ⱘড়ৠᴵℒ˄՟བˈϔӑড়ৠ㣗ᴀǃֱᆚᴵℒ˅DŽᬓᑰᴎᵘড়ৠথࣙᯊˈ䞛䌁᭛ӊⱘ䚼ߚܼ䚼ݙᆍҹঞ㓪ᥦḐᓣˈৃ㛑㽕ձⳌ݇ⱘᴵ՟Ϣ⊩㾘DŽ䞛䌁᭛ӊⱘᴖᑺҹঞ䆺㒚ᑺᑨϢ䞛䌁乍ⳂⱘӋؐ亢䰽∈ᑇⳌϔ㟈DŽ䞛䌁᭛ӊⱘϹḐᑺˈ᮶㽕䎇ҹֱ䆕خߎϔ㟈ⱘǃ᳝ৃ↨ᗻⱘᑨㄨˈজ㽕᳝䎇ⱘ♉⌏ᗻˈҹ֓ܕ䆌Ўདഄ⒵䎇䳔∖㗗㰥पᮍⱘᓎ䆂DŽৃҹ䗮䖛ϔϟᮍ⊩ᅲ⦄˖䙔䇋पᮍᅠܼᣝ✻ᡩᷛ䙔䇋кᦤѸᓎ䆂кˈᑊⱘᓎ䆂кЁᦤկ㤤ⱘৃ䗝ᢽ㾷އᮍḜDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2822004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ᣝ✻фᮍ㒘㒛ⱘⳌ݇ᬓㄪˈҹℷᓣⱘᮍᓣ┰पᮍথߎᡩᷛ䙔䇋ˈࣙᣀ㒌ǃᴖᖫǃ⡍㔥݀݅ⱏ䆄ᴎ݇䖯㸠݀ਞDŽ.2䆘Ԅᷛޚ䆘Ԅᷛޚ⫼Ѣ䆘ᅮपᮍⱘᓎ䆂кЎ݊䆘ߚDŽ䖭ѯᷛޚৃҹᰃᅶ㾖ⱘ˄՟བˈ®Ā᠔㤤ⱘ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ᖙ乏ᰃ䅸䆕ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ϧϮҎਬˈPMPā˅㗙ᰃЏ㾖ⱘ˄՟བˈĀ᠔㤤ⱘ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ᖙ乏᳝䆄ᔩḜⱘҹᕔㅵ⧚㉏Ԑ乍Ⳃⱘ㒣偠ā˅DŽ䆘Ԅᷛޚ㒣ᐌЎ䞛䌁᭛ӊⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚܹ߫݊ЁDŽབᵰ᠔䞛䌁ѻકᕜᆍᯧҢ㢹ᑆϾৃফⱘկᮍপᕫˈ߭䆘Ԅᷛޚৃҹা䰤Ѣ䞛䌁ӋḐDŽ䞛䌁ӋḐℸ᮶ࣙᣀ᠔䞛䌁⠽કⱘ៤ᴀˈгࣙᣀ䖤䕧ㄝ䰘ࡴ៤ᴀDŽབᵰᚙމᑊ䴲བℸˈ߭ᑨ⹂ᅮ݊Ҫ䗝ᢽᷛޚᑊᇚ݊ᔶ៤᭛ᄫˈҹ֓䆘Ԅᯊ᳝᠔ձDŽ՟བ˖xᇍ䳔∖ⱘ⧚㾷˖पᮍⱘᓎ䆂кᇍড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢкⱘડᑨᚙމབԩDŽxᘏ៤ᴀ⫳ੑ਼ᳳ៤ᴀ˖᠔䗝ᢽⱘपᮍ㛑৺ᦤߎ᳔Ԣⱘᘏ៤ᴀ˄䞛䌁៤ᴀࡴ䖤㧹៤ᴀ˅˛xᡔᴃ㛑˖पᮍᰃ৺ড়⧚乘ᳳ㛑পᕫ᠔䳔ⱘᡔᴃ㛑Ϣⶹ䆚˛xㅵ⧚ᮍḜ˖पᮍᰃ৺ড়⧚乘ᳳ㛑ࠊ䅶ᦤߎֱ䆕乍Ⳃ៤ࡳ᠔䳔ⱘㅵ⧚䖛ᑣ˛xᡔᴃᮍḜ˖पᮍᓎ䆂ⱘᡔᴃᮍ⊩ǃᡔᴃǃ㾷އᮍḜ᳡ࡵᰃ৺⒵䎇䞛䌁᭛ӊⱘ㽕∖ˈ㗙ҪӀ㛑ᦤկ↨乘ᳳདⱘ㒧ᵰ˛x䋶ࡵᅲ˖पᮍᰃ৺ড়⧚乘ᳳ㛑পᕫ᠔䳔ⱘ䌘䞥ᴹ⑤˛12x⫳ѻ㛑݈䍷˖पᮍᰃ৺᳝㛑݈䍷⒵䎇┰ⱘᴹ㽕∖˛xϮࡵ㾘㉏ൟ˖पᮍӕϮᰃ৺⒵䎇фᮍᅮНⱘᬓᑰᴎ݇㾘ᅮⱘЎЁᷛᴵӊⱘϮࡵ㉏ൟ㾘ᷛޚˈ՟བ˖ᇣൟӕϮǃཛཇᢹ᳝ⱘӕϮǃᔅᇣൟӕϮ˛xϮ㒽˖पᮍᰃ৺ৃᦤկܜࠡᅶ᠋ⱘᛣ㾕ˈҹ䆕ᯢपᮍⱘᎹ㒣偠ҹঞሹ㸠ড়ৠ㽕∖ᮍ䴶ⱘᚙމ˛xⶹ䆚ѻᴗ˖पᮍᰃ৺ህ݊Ў乍ⳂՓ⫼ⱘ䖛᳡ࡵЎ乍Ⳃ⫳ѻⱘѻક㽕∖ⶹ䆚ѻᴗ˛xϧ᳝ᴗ߽˖पᮍᰃ৺ህ݊Ў乍ⳂՓ⫼ⱘ䖛᳡ࡵЎ乍Ⳃ⫳ѻⱘѻક㽕∖ϧ᳝ᴗ߽˛®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 283
कѠゴ 乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚.3ড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢк˄ᮄ˅ড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢкⱘᦣ䗄䇋খⳟ㡖DŽথࣙ㾘ߦЁৃ㛑Ӯᇍϔ乍乍ড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢк䖯㸠ׂᬍDŽ䆶Ӌ䆶ӋᣛҢᑨᕕⱘपᮍ䙷䞠পᕫህབԩ⒵䎇乍Ⳃ䳔∖ⱘᑨㄨˈ՟བᡩᷛкᓎ䆂кDŽ䆹乍䖛ⱘ䚼ߚᅲ䰙Ꮉ⬅ᑨᕕⱘपᮍᅠ៤ˈ乍Ⳃфᮍ䗮ᐌ᮴乏ᬃҬӏԩⳈ䌍⫼DŽձᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.1ᡩᷛҎӮ䆂.1ড়Ḑपᮍ⏙ऩ.2䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2ߞⱏᑓਞ.2䞛䌁᭛ӊࣙ.3䞛䌁᭛ӊ.3ࠊᅮড়Ḑपᮍ⏙ऩ.3ᓎ䆂к12-5˖䆶Ӌ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ䆶Ӌ˖ձ.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ᳝ѯ㒘㒛Ў݊㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻⱘϔ䚼ߚ䗮ᐌӮֱᄬܜࠡⱘড়Ḑ┰ড়Ḑⱘपᮍ˄জ⿄ᡩᷛҎ˅ⱘⳌֵ݇ᙃ⏙ऩ᭛ӊˈৃ䙔䇋ҪӀᦤկӋᓎ䆂кDŽ䖭ѯ⏙ऩϔ㠀ࣙᣀ┰पᮍⱘⳌ݇㒣偠݊Ҫ⡍ᕕDŽ㗠᳝ѯ㒘㒛াֱ⬭㒣䖛ϔᅮ䌘Ḑ乘ᅵᑣ䗝ᅮⱘӬ䗝पᮍ⏙ऩDŽ.2䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ᳝݇䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘᦣ䗄খⳟ㡖DŽ.3䞛䌁᭛ӊ᳝݇䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘᦣ䗄খⳟ㡖DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2842004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
䆶Ӌ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1ᡩᷛҎӮ䆂ᡩᷛҎӮ䆂˄জ⿄ᡓࣙଚӮ䆂ˈկ䋻ଚӮ䆂ᡩᷛࠡӮ䆂˅ህᰃᢳᅮᓎ䆂кПࠡৠ┰पᮍВ㸠ⱘӮ䆂DŽӮ䆂ⱘⳂⱘᰃֱ䆕᠔᳝┰पᮍᇍᴀ乍䞛䌁Ⳃⱘ˄ᡔᴃ㽕∖ǃড়ৠ㽕∖ㄝㄝ˅䛑᳝⏙Ἦⱘ݅ৠ⧚㾷DŽᇍӮϞ᠔ᦤߎ䯂乬ⱘ㾷ㄨˈৃЎׂℷḜ㒇ܹ䞛䌁᭛ӊDŽℸфपঠᮍⱘѦࡼ䖛Ёˈ᠔᳝┰पᮍ䛑ᑨֱ䆕ᕫࠄৠㄝᇍᕙˈҹ㦋ᕫ᳔ՇⱘᡩᷛDŽ.2ߞⱏᑓਞ⦄᳝┰पᮍৡऩᕔᕔৃҹ䗮䖛㒌ㄝ᱂䗮ߎ⠜⠽ϧϮᳳߞㄝϧϮߎ⠜⠽Ϟߞⱏᑓਞ㗠ᕫࠄᠽܙDŽᬓᑰⱘᶤѯㅵ䕪㣗ೈݙˈᶤѯ㉏ൟⱘ䞛䌁џ乍㽕∖݀ᓔߞⱏᑓਞ˗䚼ߚᬓᑰᴎᵘ㽕∖ᬓᑰড়ৠᖙ乏ߞⱏᑓਞDŽ.3ࠊᅮড়Ḑपᮍ⏙ऩབᵰ㒘㒛䌘ѻݙ᳝䱣ेৃ⫼ⱘড়Ḑपᮍ⏙ऩ㉏Ԑֵᙃˈ߭ৃℸᔶ៤ড়Ḑपᮍ⏙ऩDŽϡㅵ᳝≵᳝䖭⾡⦄៤ⱘৡऩৃ߽⫼ˈ乍Ⳃಶ䯳Ѻৃᓎゟ㞾Ꮕⱘկᮍ䋻⑤DŽϔ㠀ֵᙃৃ䗮䖛Ѧ㘨㔥ǃк佚ᬊ㮣ⱘॖଚৡᔩˈᔧഄ᳝݇णӮǃ㸠Ϯॖଚৡᔩ㉏Ԑⱘᴹ⑤পᕫDŽ᳝݇ԧկᮍⱘ䆺㒚䌘᭭߭ৃ㛑䳔㽕Ҭߎⱘࡾˈ՟བ⦄എ䆓䯂Ϣҹࠡⱘᅶ᠋㘨㒰DŽ䖬ৃᇚ䞛䌁᭛ӊ˄খ㾕㡖˅䗕Ѹᶤѯ᠔᳝ⱘ┰पᮍҹ⹂ᅮ݊ᰃ৺᳝݈䍷៤Ў┰ⱘড়ḐपᮍDŽ䆶Ӌ˖៤ᵰ.1ড়Ḑपᮍ⏙ऩড়Ḑपᮍ⏙ऩ߫ᯢⱘपᮍᇚ㹿䙔䇋ᦤկӋᓎ䆂кDŽ.2䞛䌁᭛ӊࣙ䞛䌁᭛ӊࣙᰃ⬅фᮍ㓪ࠊⱘথ㒭↣Ͼपᮍⱘℷᓣ䙔䇋ˈгᰃपᮍህ䞛䌁᭛ӊݙᦣ䗄ᅮНⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰޚᡩᷛ᭛ӊⱘձDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 285
कѠゴ 乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚.3ᓎ䆂кᓎ䆂кᰃ⬅पᮍᢳᅮⱘ᭛ӊˈ䯤䗄पᮍᦤկ䞛䌁᭛ӊЁ᠔䳔ѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰⱘ㛑ϢᛣᜓDŽᓎ䆂кᣝ᳝݇䞛䌁᭛ӊ㽕∖ᢳᅮᑊৃডⳌ݇ড়ৠॳ߭ⱘᑨ⫼DŽपᮍᓎ䆂кᰃಲᑨфᮍ䙔䇋ޚᑊᵘ៤ⱘℷᓣড়⊩ⱘ㽕㑺DŽᓎ䆂кᦤѸПৢˈфᮍ᳝ᯊ䙔䇋पᮍ⫼ষ༈ҟ㒡ⱘᮍᓣᇍ݊ᓎ䆂кࡴҹ㸹ܙDŽষ༈ҟ㒡ᮼህपᮍᦤ䆂ⱘҎਬ䜡㕂ǃㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩ᡔᴃᓎ䆂ᦤկ乱ֵᙃˈҹ֓фᮍ䆘Ӌपᮍᓎ䆂кᯊՓ⫼DŽկᮍ䗝ᢽկᮍ䗝ᢽ䖛ᣛফᡩᷛкᓎ䆂кˈᑊḍ䆘Ԅᷛޚ䗝ᅮϔϾϾৃফⱘড়ḐկᑨଚDŽկᮍ䗝ᢽ䖛Ёˈ᳝䆌㋴䳔㽕䆘Ԅˈ՟བ˖xӋḐ៤ᴀৃ㛑ᰃ᳝⦄䋻կᑨѻકⱘЏ㽕އᅮ㋴ˈԚབᵰџᅲ㸼ᯢपᮍϡ㛑ঞᯊѸҬѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰˈ߭᠔ᓎ䆂ⱘ᳔ԢӋḐህᖙ᳔᳝Ԣⱘ៤ᴀDŽxᓎ䆂к䗮ᐌߚ៤ᡔᴃ˄ᮍ⊩˅ଚࡵ˄ӋḐ˅ϸ䚼ߚˈϸ㗙ߚ߿䖯㸠䆘ԄDŽ᳝ᯊˈг㽕∖ࡴܹㅵ⧚䚼ߚЎᓎ䆂кⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚˈℸᯊгᑨᇍㅵ⧚䚼ߚ䖯㸠䆘ԄDŽx݇䬂ѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰৃ㛑䳔㽕Ͼկᮍˈҹ䰡ԢϢѸҬ䖯ᑺ䋼䞣㽕∖Ⳍ݇ⱘ亢䰽DŽᑨ㗗㰥ϢՓ⫼ϾկᮍⳌ݇ⱘ┰催៤ᴀˈࣙᣀᤳ༅ৃ㛑᭄䞣ᡬᠷӬᚴҹঞⳌ݇ⱘ᳓ᤶ㓈ᡸ䯂乬DŽϟ䴶ҟ㒡ⱘᎹϢᡔᴃৃҹऩ⣀Փ⫼ˈгৃҹ㒧ড়Փ⫼ҹ䗝ᢽկᮍDŽ՟བࡴᴗᮍ⊩ৃ⫼Ѣ˖x䗝ᢽϔϾկᮍˈᑊ㽕∖կᮍㅒ㕆ᷛޚড়ৠDŽxᡞ᠔᳝ⱘᓎ䆂кᣝࡴᴗ䆘Ԅᕫߚ乎ᑣᥦ߫ˈҹ⹂ᅮ䇜߸ⱘ乎ᑣDŽᇍѢൟ䞛䌁џ乍ˈϞ䗄䆶Ӌ䆘Ԅ䖛ৃ㛑㽕䞡䖯㸠DŽḍ߱ℹᓎ䆂кᓎゟ㓽ޣⱘড়Ḑկᮍৡऩˈ✊ৢḍ䆹ৡऩЁկᮍᦤկⱘ䆺ሑǃܼ䴶ⱘᓎ䆂к䖯㸠䆺㒚ⱘ䆘ԄDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2862004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ձ ᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1ࡴᴗ㋏㒳.1Ё䗝ⱘկᮍ.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ.2⣀ゟԄㅫ.2ড়ৠ.2䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.3ㄯ䗝㋏㒳.3ড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.3䆘Ԅᷛޚ.4ড়ৠ䇜߸.4䌘⑤ৃ⫼ᗻ.4䞛䌁᭛ӊࣙ.5पᮍ䆘㑻㋏㒳.5䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅.5ᓎ䆂к.6ϧᆊ߸ᮁ.6ব䇋∖.6ড়Ḑपᮍ⏙ऩ.7ᓎ䆂к䆘Ԅᡔᴃ.7乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦx亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠxϢ亢䰽Ⳍ݇ⱘড়ৠण䆂12-6˖䗝ᢽկᮍ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰկᮍ䗝ᢽ˖ձ.1㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ乍Ⳃ䞛䌁Ё⍝ঞⱘ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ䗮ᐌᅮ᳝ᕅડᓎ䆂к䆘ԄⱘℷᓣᬓㄪDŽ.2䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦখ㾕㡖.3䆘Ԅᷛޚ䆘Ԅᷛޚ˄খⳟ㡖˅ৃࣙᣀկᑨଚҹࠡ᠔ᦤկⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰⱘḋકˈЎ䆘Ԅ݊㛑Ϣѻક䋼䞣ⱘϔ⾡ᮍᓣ˗䖬ৃࣙᣀᇍ䆹կᑨଚϢথࣙ12㒘㒛䖛এᴹᕔग़ⱘᅵᶹDŽ.4䞛䌁᭛ӊࣙখ㾕㡖DŽ.5ᓎ䆂кḍ䞛䌁᭛ӊࣙ˄খ㾕㡖˅㓪ࠊⱘपᮍᓎ䆂кᵘ៤ϔ༫䆘Ԅᴎᵘ⫼ҹ䖯㸠䆘Ԅⱘᴀֵᙃˈҹ䗝ᢽϔϾϾ៤ࡳᡩᷛҎ˄पᮍ˅DŽ.6ড়Ḑपᮍ⏙ऩখ㾕㡖.7乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦᦤկњ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘᘏԧ䅵ߦˈࣙⳌ݇Ңሲ䅵ߦ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽϔᅮᑺϞˈ䞛䌁㾘ߦ䖛Ё䳔㽕㗗㰥ࠄ݊Ҫৃ⫼ⱘ㒘ӊ᭛ӊDŽ䗮ᐌࡴҹ㗗㰥ⱘ݊Ҫ᭛ӊࣙᣀ˖x亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ˖খ㾕㡖DŽxϢ亢䰽Ⳍ݇ⱘড়ৠण䆂˖খ㾕㡖DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 287
कѠゴ 乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚կᮍ䗝ᢽ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1ࡴᴗ㋏㒳ࡴᴗ㋏㒳ᣛᡞᅮᗻ᭄ࡴҹ䞣࣪ˈҹޣᇥϾҎأ㾕ᇍկᮍ䗝ᢽⱘᕅડⱘᮍ⊩DŽ᭄ࡴᴗ㋏㒳ࣙᣀᇍ↣乍䆘Ԅᷛޚ䌟ќϔϾ᭄ᄫᴗ䞡˗Ў┰पᮍ䆘ᅮ↣乍䆘Ԅᷛޚⱘᕫߚ˗ᡞᕫߚЬҹᴗ䞡˗ݡᡞ᠔ᕫЬ⿃Ⳍࡴˈ∖ߎᘏᕫߚDŽ.2⣀ゟԄㅫᇍѢ䆌䞛䌁џ乍㗠㿔ˈ䞛䌁㒘㒛ৃҹࠊᅮ㞾Ꮕⱘ⣀ゟԄㅫˈ㗙䅽ϝᮍޚϔϾ⣀ゟԄㅫˈ⫼ҹḌᇍपᮍᦤߎⱘ㽕ӋDŽ䖭Ͼ⣀ゟԄㅫ᳝ᯊ㹿ᦤঞЎĀড়⧚៤ᴀ˄should-cost˅āԄㅫDŽབ៤ᴀԄㅫП䯈ᄬᯢᰒⱘᏂᓖˈ߭㸼ᯢᎹⱘড়ৠ䇈ᯢϡܙߚ˗┰पᮍᇍᎹড়ৠ䇈ᯢкѻ⫳њ䇃㾷ᇍᎹড়ৠ䇈ᯢкⱘܼ䚼㽕∖ߎⳌᑨಲㄨ˗㗙ᏖഎᴵӊᏆ㒣থ⫳ব࣪DŽ.3ㄯ䗝㋏㒳ㄯ䗝㋏㒳ᣛЎϔ乍乍䆘Ԅᷛޚᓎゟ᳔Ԣⱘ㒽ᬜ㽕∖ᑊৃᑨ⫼ࡴᴗ㋏㒳⣀ゟԄㅫDŽ՟བˈ㽕∖┰पᮍ佪ܜᦤৡϔԡ⡍⅞䌘ग़ⱘ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ˈ✊ৢᠡ㛑䖯ϔℹ㗗㰥݊ᓎ䆂кⱘ݊ԭ䚼ߚDŽ䗮䖛ㄯ䗝㋏㒳ᇍ᠔᳝ᦤѸᓎ䆂кⱘपᮍᣝ✻Ң᳔དࠄ᳔㊳㊩ⱘ乎ᑣ䖯㸠ࡴᴗᥦᑣDŽ.4ড়ৠ䇜߸ড়ৠ䇜߸ህᰃড়ৠㅒᄫПࠡˈᇍড়ৠⱘ㒧ᵘϢ㽕∖ࡴҹ╘⏙ˈপᕫϔ㟈ᛣ㾕DŽড়ৠⱘ᳔ৢ䕲ᑨሑৃ㛑ড᠔᳝ঠᮍ䖒៤ⱘϔ㟈ᛣ㾕DŽ䇜߸ⱘЏ乬ϔ㠀ࣙᣀ䋷ӏᴗ䰤ǃ䗖⫼ⱘᴵℒ⊩ᕟǃᡔᴃ㒣㧹ㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩ǃϧ᳝ᴗ߽ǃড়ৠ䌘䞥ㅍ䲚ǃᡔᴃ㾷އᮍḜǃᘏԧ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦǃҬℒҹঞӋḐDŽড়ৠ䇜߸䖛ҹфपঠᮍㅒ㕆ড়ৠ㗠ਞ㒧ᴳDŽ᳔㒜ⱘড়ৠৃҹᰃपᮍׂ䅶ⱘ㽕㑺фᮍᦤߎⱘড㽕㑺DŽᇍѢᴖⱘ䞛䌁џ乍ˈড়ৠ䇜߸ৃ㛑ᰃϾ⣀ゟⱘ䖛ˈ᳝㞾Ꮕⱘձ˄՟བˈϔӑ䯂乬އџ乍⏙ऩ˅៤ᵰ˄՟བˈ䆄ᔩⱘއㄪ˅DŽᇍѢㅔऩⱘ䞛䌁џ乍ˈড়ৠⱘᴵӊᴵℒৃҹᰃᅮϡবˈϡৃ⌑䇜ˈपᮍা㛑ফⱘDŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ৃҹϡᰃড়ৠⱘЏ䇜ҎDŽড়ৠ䇜߸݊䯈ˈ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ҹঞ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ⱘ݊ҪҎਬৃ߫ᐁˈᑊ䳔㽕ᯊˈህ乍Ⳃⱘᡔᴃǃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚㽕∖䖯㸠╘⏙DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2882004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.5पᮍ䆘㑻㋏㒳䆌㒘㒛䛑ᓎゟњपᮍ䆘㑻㋏㒳DŽ䆹㋏㒳ᑨ⫼ⱘֵᙃࣙᣀपᮍ䖛এⱘϮ㒽ǃ䋼䞣ㄝ㑻ǃѸҬ㒽ᬜড়ৠሹ㑺ᚙމDŽড়ৠㅵ⧚䖛Ёህܜࠡⱘपᮍᔶ៤ⱘपᮍ㒽ᬜ䆘Ԅ᭛ӊᰃ䆹Ⳍֵ݇ᙃⱘᴹ⑤ПϔDŽ䖭ѯ䆘㑻㋏㒳䜡ড়Ӌк䆘Ԅㄯ䗝㋏㒳ᴹ䗝ᢽկᮍDŽ.6ϧᆊ߸ᮁՓ⫼ϧᆊ߸ᮁᇍपᮍᓎ䆂к䖯㸠䆘ԄDŽӋкⱘ䆘Ԅ⬅䞛䌁᭛ӊᢳᅮড়ৠ⍝ঞⱘ᠔᳝᳝݇乚ඳⱘ䎼ϧϮ䆘ᅵᇣ㒘䖯㸠DŽ䖭ৃҹࣙᣀᴀ乚ඳⳌ݇㘠㛑ϧϮⱘᡔ㛑ˈ՟བ˖ড়ৠǃ⊩ᕟǃ䋶ࡵǃӮ䅵ǃᎹǃ䆒䅵ǃⷨথǃ䫔ଂ⫳ѻDŽ.7ᓎ䆂к䆘Ԅᡔᴃᓎ䆂кⱘ䆘㑻ᠧߚৃՓ⫼⾡ϡৠⱘᮍ⊩ˈԚ᠔᳝ᮍ⊩䛑Ӯ⍝ঞϧᆊ߸ᮁϔѯ䆘Ԅᷛޚ˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ䆘Ԅᷛޚ᮶ৃࣙᣀᅶ㾖㽕㋴гৃࣙᣀЏ㾖㽕㋴DŽℷᓣⱘᓎ䆂к䆘Ԅ䖛Ёˈ䆘Ԅᷛޚᮍ䴶ˈ䗮ᐌЎ↣ϔ䆘Ԅ乍ߚ⌒乘ᅮⱘᴗ䞡DŽᓎ䆂к䆘Ԅ䖛߽⫼կᮍ䗝ᢽ䖛Ё㦋পⱘϾᅵᶹҎⱘ䕧ܹЎձˈᑊ㾷އߚؐП䯈ⱘ䞡Ꮒ߿DŽПৢˈՓ⫼ࡴᴗ㋏㒳ᇍ᠔᳝ᓎ䆂к䖯㸠ܼ䴶ⱘ䆘Ԅ↨䕗ˈ⹂ᅮ↣乍ӋкⱘᘏࡴᴗߚؐDŽ䖭ѯᓎ䆂к䆘ԄᡔᴃгৃՓ⫼ㄯ䗝㋏㒳पᮍ䆘㑻㋏㒳ⱘֵᙃDŽկᮍ䗝ᢽ˖៤ᵰ䗝Ёⱘपᮍ䗝Ёⱘपᮍᣛˈḍ݊ᦤѸⱘᓎ䆂кӋⱘ䆘Ԅ㒧ᵰ߸ᮁゲѝᗻ㣗ೈПݙⱘपᮍᑊϨᏆϢфᮍ⌑䇜њড়ৠ㤝Ḝˈᥜќড়ৠПৢˈ䆹ড়ৠ㤝Ḝᇚ៤Ўᅲ䰙ড়ৠDŽ.2ড়ৠ↣ԡЁ䗝पᮍᥜќϔ乍ড়ৠDŽড়ৠᔶᓣৃҹ↨䕗ᴖ᭛ӊгৃҹ↨䕗ㅔऩ䞛䌁䅶ऩDŽ᮴䆎ড়ৠ᭛ӊⱘᴖᑺˈড়ৠᰃᇍঠᮍ᳝㑺ᴳⱘ⊩ᕟण䆂ˈᅗᔎࠊपᮍᦤկᣛᅮⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰˈᔎࠊфᮍᬃҬ㾘ᅮⱘ䞥乱DŽড়ৠᰃϔ⾡⊩ᕟ݇㋏ˈ݊㸹ᬥᑨ⊩䰶䖯㸠DŽড়ৠ᭛ӊⱘЏ㽕ݙᆍϔ㠀ࣙᣀˈԚϡ䰤Ѣˈゴ㡖ᷛ乬ǃᎹ䇈ᯢкǃ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦǃሹ㑺ᳳ䯈ǃ㾦㡆䋷ӏǃӋḐҬℒǃ䗮䋻㝼㚔䇗ᭈǃ偠ᬊᷛޚǃֱׂǃѻકᬃᣕǃ᳝䰤䋷ӏǃ䝀䞥ǃ⬭⒲䞥ǃ㔮ℒǃ▔ࢅǃֱ䰽ǃሹ㑺ֱߑǃߚࣙଚᡍޚǃব䇋∖໘⧚ᑣǃ㒜ℶѝ䆂㾷އᴎࠊDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 289
कѠゴ 乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚.3ড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦᇍѢ䞡䞛䌁乍Ⳃ㗠㿔ˈᇚձড়ৠݙфᮍ㾘ᅮⱘԧݙᆍ˄՟བ˖фपঠᮍᖙ乏䙉ᅜⱘ᭛ӊǃѸҬᗻ㛑㽕∖˅㓪ࠊড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦDŽ䆹䅵ߦ⎉Ⲫњড়ৠᭈϾ⫳ੑᳳݙⱘড়ৠㅵ⧚⌏ࡼDŽড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘᄤ䅵ߦDŽ.4䌘⑤ৃ⫼ᗻ䆄ᔩњ䌘⑤ⱘ᭄䞣ৃ⫼ᗻҹঞԧ䌘⑤ԩᯊ㹿ᅝᥦњᎹぎ䯆DŽ.5䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅ᇍ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄খ㾕㡖˅䖯㸠ᮄˈҹডᡍޚⱘᕅડ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚ⱘӏԩব䇋∖˄খ㾕㡖˅..6ব䇋∖䗝ᢽկᮍ䖛ৃ㛑Ӯᇐ㟈ህ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦঞ݊Ңሲ䅵ߦ݊Ҫ㒘៤䚼ߚˈ՟བ˖乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦ˄খ㾕㡖˅䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦᦤߎব䇋∖DŽᇚ䗮䖛ᭈԧবࠊ䖛˄খ㾕㡖˅ᇍব䇋∖䖯㸠ᅵᶹ໘⧚DŽড়ৠㅵ⧚фपঠᮍ䖯㸠ড়ৠㅵ⧚䛑ᰃЎњ㉏ԐⱘⳂⱘˈঠᮍ⹂ֱᴀ䑿Ϣᇍᮍ䛑ሹ㸠݊ড়ৠНࡵˈᑊ⹂ֱ㞾䑿ⱘড়⊩ᴗ߽ᕫࠄֱ䱰DŽড়ৠㅵ⧚ᰃ⹂ֱपᮍⱘ㒽ᬜヺড়ড়ৠ㽕∖ǃфᮍᣝ✻ড়ৠᴵℒሹ㑺ⱘ䖛DŽᇍՓ⫼Ͼѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰկᑨଚⱘൟ乍Ⳃᴹ䇈ˈড়ৠㅵ⧚ⱘϔϾ݇䬂ᮍ䴶ᰃㅵ⧚կ䋻ଚП䯈ⱘষDŽড়ৠ݇㋏ⱘ⊩ᕟᗻ䋼㽕∖乍Ⳃಶ䯳⏙䝦ഄᛣ䆚ࠄড়ৠㅵ⧚Ё᠔䞛প㸠ࡼⱘ⊩ᕟৢᵰDŽߎѢ⊩ᕟᮍ䴶ⱘ㗗㰥ˈ᭄㒘㒛ᇚ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ЎϢ乍Ⳃ㒘㒛ߚ⾏ⱘϔ乍ㅵ⧚㘠㛑ⳟᕙDŽ㱑✊ড়ৠㅵ⧚㗙ৃ㛑ᰃ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬˈԚҪ䗮ᐌϔϾ䚼䮼ⱘ乚ᇐ∛DŽᅲᮑ㒘㒛гᰃ乍Ⳃपᮍˈेᇚ乍Ⳃߎଂ㒭䚼ᅶ᠋ⱘᚙމϟˈ䗮ᐌᰃ䖭ḋDŽড়ৠㅵ⧚ࣙᣀড়ৠ݇㋏Ёᑨ⫼ᙄᔧⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛ˈᑊᡞ䖭ѯ䖛ⱘ៤ᵰ㓐ড়ࠄ乍Ⳃⱘ㓐ড়ㅵ⧚ПЁDŽ⍝ঞϾपᮍ⾡ѻકǃ᳡ࡵ㒧ᵰᯊˈϞ䗄㓐ড়ण䇗ᇚϾሖϞ䖯㸠DŽᑨ⫼ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛ࣙᣀԚϡ䰤Ѣ˖®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2902004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
xᣛᇐㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᅲᮑ˄খⳟ㡖˅ˈҹᥜᴗᡓࣙଚ䗖ᔧᯊᴎᓔᎹDŽ.x㒽ᬜਞ˄খⳟ㡖˅ˈҹⲥᡓࣙଚⱘ៤ᴀǃ䖯ᑺᡔᴃ㒽ᬜDŽx䋼䞣ࠊ˄খⳟ㡖˅ˈҹẔᶹϢḌᅲᡓࣙଚѻકᰃ৺ড়Т㽕∖DŽxᭈԧবࠊ˄খⳟ㡖˅ˈҹֱ䆕বⱘᡍޚ㓁ᅠˈᑊᏆ䗮ⶹ᠔᳝ᑨ䆹ⶹ䘧䆹乍বⱘ᳝݇ҎਬDŽx亢䰽ⲥ˄খ㾕㡖˅ˈ⹂ֱ亢䰽ᕫҹ㓧㾷DŽড়ৠㅵ⧚Ё䖬᳝ϔϾ䋶ࡵㅵ⧚䚼ߚˈ⫼ҹⲥⴷᇍपᮍⱘҬℒDŽ䖭ৃ⹂ֱড়ৠЁᯢ⹂ⱘᬃҬᴵӊᕫҹ䙉ᕾˈᑊᇚपᮍⱘᅲ䰙䖯ሩϢ݊ᬃҬⱘ㸹ٓԧ㘨㋏䍋ᴹDŽড়ৠㅵ⧚䖛㋏ᣛձড়ৠ᮶ᅮⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼᅵᶹᑊ䆄ᔩपᮍᔧࠡⱘ㒽ᬜℶⳂࠡⱘ㒽ᬜ∈ᑇDŽˈ㒽ᬜ䆄ᔩৃҹЎϢपᮍᴹড়݇㋏ⱘձDŽфᮍᇍपᮍ㒽ᬜⱘ䆘ԄЏ㽕ᰃЎњ⹂䅸पᮍᇍѢᅲᮑᴀ乍Ⳃ݊Ҫ乍Ⳃⱘ㉏ԐᎹⱘ㚰ӏ㛑˄ϡ㚰ӏ˅DŽ䳔㽕⹂䅸पᮍ㛑ሹ㸠पᮍⱘড়ৠНࡵˈфᮍ㗗㰥䖯㸠㑴ℷ㸠ࡼᯊˈгᑨ䖯㸠㉏Ԑⱘ䆘ԄDŽড়ৠㅵ⧚ࣙᣀᣝ✻ড়ৠⱘ㒜ℶᴵℒㅵ⧚ড়ৠᎹⱘᦤࠡ㒜ℶ˄খ㾕㡖˅˄᮴䆎ᰃ᳝㒜ℶǃ᮴㒜ℶ䖱㑺㒜ℶ˅DŽড়ৠᬊሒПࠡˈৃ䗮䖛ঠᮍⱘ݅ৠणଚϔ㟈ᣝ✻ড়ৠⱘবࠊᴵℒᇍড়ৠ䖯㸠ׂ䅶DŽ䖭⾡ׂ䅶ᑊϡᘏᰃ㛑خࠄᇍфपঠᮍ䛑ৠㄝ᳝ⲞDŽձ ᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ.1ড়ৠবࠊ㋏㒳.1ড়ৠ᭛ӊ.1ড়ৠ.2фᮍ䖯㸠ⱘ㒽ᬜᅵᶹ.2ব䇋∖.2ড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.3Ẕ偠ᅵ䅵.3㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ.3䗝Ёⱘपᮍ.4㒽ᬜਞ.4㒽ᬜਞ.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ(ᮄ)乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ(ᮄ).5ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖.5ᬃҬ㋏㒳.6㋶䌨ㅵ⧚x䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.6Ꮉ㒽ᬜֵᙃ.7ড়ৠḷḜㅵ⧚㋏㒳xড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.8ֵᙃᡔᴃ12-7˖ড়ৠㅵ⧚˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃǃ៤ᵰ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 291
कѠゴ 乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚ড়ৠㅵ⧚˖ձ.1ড়ৠড়ৠⱘᦣ䗄䇋খⳟ㡖DŽ.2ড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦখ㾕㡖DŽ.3䗝Ёⱘपᮍখ㾕㡖DŽ.4㒽ᬜਞϢपᮍ㒽ᬜⳌ݇ⱘ᭛ӊࣙᣀ˖xᣝ✻ড়ৠᴵℒ⬅पᮍࠊᅮⱘᡔᴃ᭛ӊ݊ҪৃѸҬ៤ᵰֵᙃ˗xपᮍ㒽ᬜਞ˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ.5ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖ࣙᣀᇍড়ৠᴵℒᴵӊⱘׂᬍˈ՟བˈড়ৠᎹ᭛ӊǃᅮӋѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰⱘᦣ䗄DŽবᅲᮑПࠡ䛑䳔ҹк䴶ᔶᓣᇍব䖯㸠䆄ᔩᑊᡍޚDŽষ༈䅼䆎ⱘ䆄ᔩⱘব᮴䳔䖯㸠໘⧚ᅲᮑDŽ.6Ꮉ㒽ᬜֵᙃᎹ㒽ᬜֵᙃ˄খ㾕㡖˅ᰃЎ乍Ⳃᅲᮑֵᙃⱘϔ䚼ߚ㗠㹿ᬊ䲚ⱘˈࣙᣀᑨ䆹䖒ࠄҔМ䋼䞣ᷛޚǃᏆ㒣থ⫳ᡓ䇎њાѯ៤ᴀ乍Ⳃǃपᮍথ⼼ㄝDŽपᮍⱘ㒽ᬜਞ䇈ᯢાѯৃѸҬ៤ᵰᏆ㒣ᅠ៤ˈાѯ䖬≵᳝ᅠ៤DŽपᮍгᖙ乏ᅮᳳᦤѸথ⼼˄㹿⿄Ҭℒ⬇䇋Ꮴऩ˅ˈҹ⬇䇋ህᏆᅠ៤Ꮉ䖯㸠ҬℒDŽড়ৠЁ㾘ᅮњ᳝݇ᓔ߫Ꮴऩⱘ㽕∖ˈࣙᣀᖙ㽕ⱘᬃᣕᗻ᭛ӊDŽড়ৠㅵ⧚˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1ড়ৠবࠊ㋏㒳ড়ৠবࠊ㋏㒳㾘ᅮড়ৠׂᬍⱘ䖛DŽᅗࣙᣀ᭛кᎹǃ䎳䏾㋏㒳ǃѝ䆂㾷އᑣҹঞᡍޚব᠔䳔ⱘᅵᡍሖDŽড়ৠবࠊ㋏㒳ᑨᔧϢᭈԧবࠊ㋏㒳㒧ড়䍋ᴹDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2922004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
.2фᮍ䖯㸠ⱘ㒽ᬜᅵḌ䞛䌁㒽ᬜᅵᶹ㋏ᣛϔ乍㋏㒳ⱘᅵᶹ⌏ࡼˈᣝ✻ড়ৠ㾘ᅮᅵᶹपᮍ㾘ᅮⱘ៤ᴀ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦ㣗ೈݙᣝ✻䋼䞣㽕∖ᅠ៤乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘ䖯ሩᚙމDŽৃࣙᣀᇍपᮍ㓪ࠊⱘ᭛ӊⱘᅵᶹфᮍẔ偠ҹঞपᮍᅲᮑᎹᳳ䯈䖯㸠ⱘ䋼䞣ᅵ䅵DŽ㒽ᬜᅵḌⱘⳂᷛᰃ⹂ᅮሹ㑺៤䋹ᚙމǃᅠ៤ড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢᮍ䴶ⱘ䖯ሩᚙމҹঞড়ৠᕫҹ䙉ᕾⱘᚙމˈҹ֓фᮍᇍपᮍሹ㸠Ꮉⱘ㛑᮴㛑䖯㸠䞣࣪DŽ.3Ẕ偠ᅵ䅵Ẕ偠ᅵ䅵˄খ㾕㡖˅㋏ᣛড়ৠЁ㾘ᅮⱘфᮍ㽕∖ⱘᑊϨ⬅पᮍќҹᬃᣕⱘẔ偠ᅵ䅵⌏ࡼDŽẔ偠ᅵ䅵⌏ࡼ乍Ⳃᅲᮑ䖛Ё䖯㸠ˈҹ⹂ᅮपᮍᎹ䖛ৃѸҬ៤ᵰЁᄬⱘӏԩ㔎䱋䯂乬DŽབᵰ㒣ড়ৠᥜᴗˈẔ偠䞛䌁ಶ䯳ⱘ៤ਬгৃࣙᣀфᮍ䞛䌁ҎਬDŽ.4㒽ᬜਞ㒽ᬜਞЎㅵ⧚Ҏਬᦤկपᮍᅲ⦄ড়ৠⳂᷛᬜ⥛ᮍ䴶ⱘֵᙃDŽড়ৠ㒽ᬜਞᑨᔧϢ㡖Ё᠔ᦣ䗄ⱘ乍Ⳃ㒽ᬜਞ㒧ড়䍋ᴹDŽ.5ᬃҬ㋏㒳पᮍᬃҬℒ乍䗮ᐌ⬅ᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘᑨҬ䋺Ⳃ㋏㒳໘⧚DŽ᳝⾡ᴖ䞛䌁㽕∖ⱘൟ乍ⳂϞˈ乍Ⳃৃҹᓎゟ㞾ᏅⱘᬃҬ㋏㒳DŽӏԩϔ⾡ᚙމϟˈᬃҬ㋏㒳䛑ᖙ乏⬅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳䖯㸠ᖙ㽕ⱘᅵᶹᡍޚˈᑊᣝ✻ড়ৠᴵℒ䖯㸠Ҭℒ˄খ㾕㡖˅DŽ.6㋶䌨ㅵ⧚12᳝ѝ䆂ⱘবᮁⱘবᣛ䙷ѯфपঠᮍব˄খ㾕㡖˅䌨ٓ䯂乬Ϟѻ⫳ߚ℻ˈᰃᇍᏆথ⫳ⱘবѻ⫳ߚ℻ⱘব䇋∖DŽ䖭ѯᄬ᳝ѝ䆂ⱘবг㹿⿄Ў㋶䌨ǃѝ䆂䆝∖DŽড়ৠ⫳ੑ਼ᳳЁˈ䗮ᐌᣝ✻ড়ৠᴵℒᇍ㋶䌨䖯㸠䆄ᔩǃ໘⧚ǃⲥㅵ⧚DŽབᵰড়ৠঠᮍ᮴⊩㾷އ㋶䌨䯂乬ˈ߭乏ᣝ✻ড়ৠЁ㾘ᅮⱘѝ䆂㾷އᑣ䖯㸠໘⧚DŽ䖭ѯ⍝ঞӆ㺕䆝䆐ড়ৠᴵℒৃড়ৠᬊሒПࠡПৢਃ⫼DŽ.7ড়ৠḷḜㅵ⧚㋏㒳ড়ৠḷḜㅵ⧚㋏㒳Ў乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳˄খ㾕㡖˅ⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚˈᰃ㹿㒳ϔᭈড়Ўϔԧⱘϔ༫ԧⱘ䖛ǃⳌ݇ⱘࠊ㘠㛑㞾ࡼ࣪ᎹDŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚Փ⫼ড়ৠḷḜㅵ⧚㋏㒳ᇍড়ৠ᭛ӊ䆄ᔩ䖯㸠ㅵ⧚DŽ䆹㋏㒳⫼Ѣ㓈ᣕড়ৠ᭛ӊ䗮ֵᕔᴹⱘ㋶ᓩ䆄ᔩˈᑊणࡽⳌ݇ⱘẔ㋶ᔦḷDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 293
कѠゴ 乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚.8ֵᙃᡔᴃֵᙃ≳䗮ᡔᴃⱘՓ⫼ৃ䗮䖛ᅲ⦄ড়ৠḷḜㅵ⧚㋏㒳ǃҬℒ㋏㒳ǃ㋶䌨ㅵ⧚㒽ᬜਞⱘ㞾ࡼ࣪㗠ᦤ催ড়ৠㅵ⧚ⱘᬜ⥛ᬜᑊфपঠᮍП䯈ᅲ⦄⬉ᄤ᭄ѸᤶDŽড়ৠㅵ⧚˖៤ᵰ.1ড়ৠ᭛ӊড়ৠ᭛ӊࣙᣀԚϡ䰤Ѣˈড়ৠ˄খ㾕㡖˅ҹঞ᠔᳝ᬃᣕᗻ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦǃᡍޚⱘড়ৠব䇋∖ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖DŽড়ৠ᭛ӊгࣙᣀपᮍࠊᅮⱘᡔᴃ᭛ӊ݊ҪᎹ㒽ᬜֵᙃˈ՟བ˖ৃѸҬ៤ᵰǃपᮍ㒽ᬜਞǃֱׂǃ䋶ࡵ⼼䆕ˈࣙᣀথ⼼Ҭℒ䆄ᔩˈҹঞড়ৠẔ偠㒧ᵰDŽ.2ব䇋∖ড়ৠㅵ⧚䖛ৃᇐ㟈ህ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦঞ݊Ңሲ䅵ߦ݊Ҫ㒘៤䚼ߚˈ՟བ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ䅵ߦ˄খ㾕㡖˅䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄খ㾕㡖˅ᦤߎব䇋∖DŽ䗮䖛ᭈԧবࠊ䖛˄㡖˅ᇍব䇋∖䖯㸠ᅵᶹᡍޚDŽব䇋∖ৃࣙᣀфᮍথߎⱘᣛҸपᮍ䞛পⱘ㸠ࡼˈ㗠ϔᮍᇍПᄬ᳝䋼⭥DŽ⬅Ѣӏԩϔᮍৃᇍ䖭ѯᅮবᣕ᳝ѝ䆂ᑊৃ㛑Ӯᓩ䍋㋶䌨ˈ᠔ҹ䗮ᐌ߽⫼乍Ⳃᕔᴹߑӊᇍ䖭⾡ব䖯㸠⣀⡍䆚߿䆄ᔩDŽ.3㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ㤤ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼᣛЎՓपᮍヺড়ড়ৠᴵℒⱘ㾘ᅮ㗠䳔䞛পⱘӏԩ㸠ࡼDŽ.4㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅xᴹᕔߑӊ˖ড়ৠᴵℒᴵӊᕔᕔ㽕∖ֱ⬭ᶤѯфᮍ/पᮍП䯈ᕔᴹߑӊⱘ᭛ᄫ䆄䕑ˈ՟བ㒽ᬜϡヺড়㽕∖㗠ᦤߎⱘ䄺ਞǃҹঞড়ৠব䇋∖ǃџᅲ╘⏙ㄝDŽ䖭ৃࣙᣀфᮍᅵ䅵Ẕ偠㒧ᵰ᠔ডⱘपᮍ䳔㽕㑴ℷⱘϡ䎇П໘DŽ䰸њড়ৠ݇Ѣ᭛ḷⱘ⡍⅞㽕∖ˈঠᮍᑨ䛑ֱ⬭᠔᳝к䴶ষ༈≳䗮ҹঞ᠔᳝㸠ࡼއㄪⱘᅠᭈޚ⹂ⱘк䴶䆄ᔩDŽxҬℒᯊ䯈㸼Ҭℒ⬇䇋˖ℸ໘؛ᅮ乍ⳂՓ⫼䚼Ҭℒ㋏㒳DŽབᵰ乍Ⳃ᳝㞾Ꮕⱘݙ䚼㋏㒳ˈ䖭䞠ህᰃĀℒ乍ᬃҬāDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2942004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
xपᮍ㒽ᬜ䆘Ԅ᭛ӊ˖पᮍ㒽ᬜ䆘Ԅ᭛ӊᰃ⬅фᮍ㓪ࠊⱘDŽ䆹ㄝ㒽ᬜ䆘Ԅ᭛ӊ䆄ᔩњपᮍ㒻㓁ᅲᮑ⦄᳝ড়ৠᎹⱘ㛑ǃ䇈ᯢᰃ৺ܕ䆌पᮍᅲᮑᴹ乍ⳂⱘᎹᇍपᮍⱘᠻ㸠㒽ᬜ䖯㸠䆘㑻DŽ䖭ѯ᭛ӊৃ៤Ўᦤࠡ㒜ℶपᮍড়ৠⱘձㅵ⧚ড়ৠ㔮ℒǃড়ৠᚽ㔮▔ࢅⱘձDŽ㒽ᬜ䆘Ԅⱘ㒧ᵰгৃ㒇ܹࠄ䗖ᔧⱘড়Ḑपᮍ⏙ऩ˄খ㾕㡖˅Ё.5乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄ᮄ˅x䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˖ᇍ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄খ㾕㡖˅䖯㸠ᮄˈҹডᇍ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䗴៤ᕅડⱘᡍޚⱘব䇋∖DŽxড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˖ᇍড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˄খ㾕㡖˅䖯㸠ᮄˈҹডᇍড়ৠㅵ⧚䗴៤ᕅડⱘᡍޚⱘব䇋∖DŽড়ৠᬊሒড়ৠᬊሒ䖛ᬃᣕ乍Ⳃᬊሒ˄ᦣ䗄খⳟ㡖˅䖛ˈЎ䛑⍝ঞ偠䆕᠔᳝ᎹৃѸҬ៤ᵰᰃ৺ৃҹফDŽড়ৠᬊሒ䖛гࣙᣀ՟བᇍ䆄ᔩ䖯㸠ᮄҹড᳔㒜㒧ᵰˈᇚᮄৢⱘ䆄ᔩ䖯㸠ᔦḷկᇚᴹⱘ乍ⳂՓ⫼ⱘㅵ⧚⌏ࡼDŽড়ৠᬊሒ㗗㰥њ乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃ䰊↉䗖⫼ⱘ↣乍ড়ৠDŽ䰊↉乍ⳂЁˈড়ৠᴵℒৃ㛑ҙ䗖⫼Ѣ乍ⳂⱘᶤϾ⡍ᅮ䰊↉DŽ䖭ѯᚙމϟˈড়ৠᬊሒ䖛াᇍ䆹乍Ⳃ䰊↉䗖⫼ⱘড়ৠ䖯㸠ᬊሒDŽড়ৠᬊሒৢˈ㾷އⱘѝ䆂ৃ㛑䳔䖯ܹ䆝䆐ᑣDŽড়ৠᴵℒᴵӊৃ㾘ᅮড়ৠᬊሒⱘԧᑣDŽড়ৠᦤࠡ㒜ℶᰃড়ৠᬊሒⱘϔ乍⡍՟ˈৃঠᮍⱘणଚϔ㟈ѻ⫳ϔᮍ䖱㑺ѻ⫳DŽঠᮍᦤࠡ㒜ℶᚙމϟⱘ䋷ӏᴗ߽ড়ৠⱘ㒜ℶᴵℒЁ㾘ᅮDŽձ䖭ѯড়ৠᴵℒᴵӊˈфᮍৃ᳝ᴗ䱣ᯊ᳝᮴㒜ℶᭈϾড়ৠ䚼ߚ乍12ⳂDŽԚᰃˈѢ䖭ѯড়ৠᴵℒᴵӊˈфᮍৃ㛑䳔㽕ህℸᇍपᮍⱘޚᎹ䖯㸠䌨ٓᑊህϢ㹿㒜ℶ䚼ߚⳌ݇ⱘᏆ㒣ᅠ៤㹿偠ᬊⱘᎹᬃҬ䝀DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 295
कѠゴ 乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚ձ ᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰ .1䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.1䞛䌁ᅵ䅵.1ড়ৠᬊሒ.2ড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦ.2ড়ৠḷḜㅵ⧚㋏㒳.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅.3ড়ৠ᭛ӊ.4ড়ৠᬊሒᑣ12-8˖ড়ৠᬊሒ˖ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃ៤ᵰড়ৠᬊሒ˖ձ.1䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦখ㾕㡖DŽ.2ড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦখ㾕㡖ⱘᦣ䗄DŽ.3ড়ৠ᭛ӊখ㾕㡖ⱘᦣ䗄DŽ.4ড়ৠᬊሒᑣখ㾕㡖ⱘᦣ䗄DŽড়ৠᬊሒ˖ᎹϢᡔᴃ.1䞛䌁ᅵ䅵䞛䌁ᅵ䅵ᣛᇍҢ䞛䌁㾘ߦ˄খ㾕㡖˅㟇ࠄড়ৠㅵ⧚˄খ㾕㡖˅ⱘᭈϾ䞛䌁䖛䖯㸠㋏㒳ⱘᅵᶹDŽ݊Ⳃⱘᰃᡒߎৃկᴀ乍Ⳃ݊Ҫ䞛䌁ড়ৠᅲᮑ㒘㒛ݙ݊Ҫ乍Ⳃ׳䡈ⱘ៤ࡳϢ༅䋹ⱘ㒣偠DŽ.2ড়ৠḷḜㅵ⧚㋏㒳খ㾕㡖ⱘᦣ䗄DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2962004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ড়ৠᬊሒ˖៤ᵰ.1ড়ৠᬊሒфᮍ䗮䖛݊ᥜᴗⱘড়ৠㅵ⧚ਬपᮍথߎড়ৠᏆ㒣ᅠ៤ⱘℷᓣк䴶䗮ⶹDŽড়ৠᴵℒЁϔ㠀㾘ᅮড়ৠℷᓣᬊሒⱘ㽕∖ᑊᇚ݊ࣙᣀড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁ˄བ㓪ࠊ᳝ড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦ˅DŽ.2㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ˄ᮄ˅xড়ৠ᭛ḷ˖ϔ༫ᅠᭈⱘ㓪᳝㋶ᓩⱘড়ৠ᭛ӊ˄ࣙᣀᏆᬊሒⱘড়ৠ˅ˈᑊᇚ݊㒇ܹ乍Ⳃ᳔㒜ḷḜ˄খ㾕㡖˅ПЁDŽxৃѸҬ៤ᵰ偠ᬊ˖фᮍ䗮䖛݊ᥜᴗⱘড়ৠㅵ⧚ਬपᮍথߎৃѸҬ៤ᵰ㹿偠ᬊ㹿ᢦᬊⱘℷᓣк䴶䗮ⶹDŽড়ৠᴵℒЁϔ㠀㾘ᅮৃѸҬ៤ᵰⱘℷᓣ偠ᬊ㽕∖ҹঞབԩ㾷އϡヺড়㽕∖ⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰⱘᑣDŽx㒣偠ᬭ䆁䆄ᔩ˖䖯㸠㒣偠ᬭ䆁ߚᵤᑊᦤߎ䖛ᬍ䖯ᓎ䆂ˈҹկᇚᴹⱘ䞛䌁㾘ߦᅲᮑ䖛׳䡈DŽ12®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 297
IV䚼ߚ䰘ᔩ䰘ᔩAϝ⠜ׂᬍП໘䰘ᔩB乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮlj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJⱘⓨব®䰘ᔩClj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜᪄〓ҎϢᅵ䯙Ҏ䰘ᔩDᑨ⫼乚ඳᠽሩ䰘ᔩE乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䌘᭭݊Ҫᴹ⑤䰘ᔩF乍Ⳃⶹ䆚乚ඳᨬ㽕
䰘ᔩAϝ⠜ׂᬍП໘®ᴀ䰘ᔩ䆺㒚㾷䞞Ўߎ⠜PMBOKᣛफϝ⠜㗠ᇍ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफ®˄PMBOKᣛफ˅- 2000⠜᠔خⱘׂᬍП໘DŽゴ㡖㓪ᥦⱘবࡼ®®PMBOKᣛफϝ⠜᳔ᰒ㨫ⱘᬍবПϔᰃゴ㡖㓪ᥦⱘবࡼDŽPMBOKᣛफ®ϝ⠜ⱘゴ㡖㓪ᥦさߎњ㸼1Ё䖛㒘ⱘ䞡㽕ᗻDŽ㸼1ᰃPMBOKᣛफϝ⠜বࡼП໘Ϣ2000⠜ⱘᇍ✻DŽϝゴᷛ乬ᬍЎĀ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛āˈᑊҢϔ䚼ߚ⿏ࠄᮄࡴⱘѠ䚼ߚˈѠ䚼ߚᷛ乬িخĀ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᷛޚāDŽϝゴሲѢ䖭ᮄࡴⱘ䚼ߚˈᑊخњܼ䴶ⱘׂᬍˈׂᬍПৢՓ䇏㗙⏙Ἦഄᛳফࠄ䆹ゴ᠔ҟ㒡ⱘ䖛ǃձ៤ᵰᰃऩϾ乍Ⳃⱘㅵ⧚ᷛޚⱘ⸔DŽ2000ᑈ⠜䚼ߚϝ⠜䚼ߚϔ䚼ߚ - 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚Ḛᶊϔ䚼ߚ - 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚Ḛᶊ 1ǃ2ǃ3ゴ 1ǃ2ゴAѠ䚼ߚ - 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᷛޚϝゴ - 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛Ѡ䚼ߚ - 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚乚ඳϝ䚼ߚ - 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚乚ඳ4㟇12ゴ4㟇12ゴϝ䚼ߚ - 䰘ᔩಯ䚼ߚ - 䰘ᔩ䰘ᔩD - ⊼䞞䰘ᔩD - ᑨ⫼乚ඳᠽሩ䰘ᔩE - ᑨ⫼乚ඳᠽሩಯ䚼ߚ - ᴃ䇁㸼Ϣ㋶ᓩѨ䚼ߚ - খ㗗᭛⤂ǃᴃ䇁㸼Ϣ㋶ᓩ㸼 1 – ゴ㡖㓪ᥦⱘবࡼ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 301
䰘ᔩ A ϝ⠜ׂᬍП໘䖛ৡ⿄ⱘবࡼϝ⠜⏏ࡴњ7Ͼ䖛ˈᬍњ13Ͼ䖛ⱘৡ⿄ˈߴ䰸њ2Ͼ䖛ˈ䖛ᘏ᳔᭄㒜ࡴњ5ϾDŽ®PMBOKᣛफ2000⠜ゴЁ䖛ⱘৡ⿄ḐᓣϢহᓣϡⳌৠDŽࠡৢϡϔⱘੑৡᮍᓣϡԚՓᄺд乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘᄺ⫳ˈгՓ᳝㒣偠㗙ᛳࠄ䗋ᚥϡ㾷DŽ՟བˈৠ㣗ೈ᳝݇ⱘⶹ䆚乚ඳˈ᳝ਃࡼǃ㣗ೈ㾘ߦǃ㣗ೈᅮНǃ㣗ೈḌᅲϢ㣗ೈবࠊDŽ݊Ё᳝ⱘ⫼Џࡼ䇁ᗕˈ᳝ⱘ⫼⦄ߚ䆡DŽ䖭⾡ᚙމՓ䇏㗙ϡ㛑偀Ϟᮁᅮ݊Ёⱘᴃ䇁ᰃ⌏ࡼ˄䖛˅ˈ䖬ᰃৃѸҬ៤ᵰ˄Ꮉ៤ᵰ⠽ક˅DŽׂᬍ®乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ䩜ᇍ䖭⾡ᚙމᦤߎњϔϾᕏᑩⱘ㾷އࡲ⊩ˈPMBOKᣛफЁᇚ᠔᳝䖛ⱘৡ⿄ϔᕟᬍ៤ࡼᆒ㒧ᵘDŽ✊㗠ˈPMI᳒ᢙᖗˈᬍব᠔᳝䖛ⱘৡ⿄᳝®ѯ䖛༈DŽ᠔ҹˈPMIাৠᛣPMBOKᣛफϝ⠜ߚ䰊↉ᬍࡼˈࡴ䖯ᡍޚⱘᮄ䖛㢹ᑆ᳝ԧॳϨ᭄Ⳃ᳝䰤ⱘ݊Ҫ䖛DŽᴀ䰘ᔩৢ䴶ᇚ䇈ᯢ䖭ѯॳDŽপ⍜䕙ࡽϢḌᖗ䖛ⱘ⿄䇧ᴀ⠜ϡݡՓ⫼Ā䕙ࡽ䖛āĀḌᖗ䖛ā䖭ϸϾᴃ䇁DŽপ⍜ⱘⳂⱘᰃֱ䆕乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘ݙⱘ᠔᳝䖛䛑᳝ৠḋⱘ䞡㽕ᗻDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘ݙҡ✊ߚ㒘ˈབ3-5ਃࡼ䖛㒘ǃ3-6㾘ߦ㒘ǃ3-7ᠻ㸠䖛㒘ǃ3-8ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㒘ˈҹঞ3-9乍Ⳃ㒧ሒ䖛㒘᠔⼎DŽ㸼3-45ϡԚ㸼⼎њ44Ͼ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛ৠ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘ⱘ݇㋏ˈг㸼⼎њᅗӀৠ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚乚ඳⱘ݇㋏DŽ᭛ᄫݭ⊩ׂᬍ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤᦤߎњϔӑ᭛ᄫݭ⊩ᣛफˈᑊᇚ݊⫼ޚϢ᳔㒜⹂ᅮձᮍ䴶DŽ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ⡍߿䞡㾚Փ⫼Џࡼ䇁ᗕˈ䞡㾚ֱᣕᴀᣛफݙᆍⱘ䖲䌃Ϣϔ㟈ᗻˈ䰆ℶ᭛ᄫݭ⊩ϡ㒳ϔDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3022004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
Āϔゴ - ᓩ㿔āⱘবࡼϔゴⱘবࡼẇ⧚њ䆹ゴⱘᗱ䏃ˈᬍњݙᆍ㓪ᥦDŽϔゴ⏙Ἦഄ㾷䞞њ乍ⳂϢ᮹ᐌᎹП䯈ⱘᏂ߿DŽ䆹ゴⱘবࡼᔶ៤њ䅵ߦϢ䅵ߦㅵ⧚ǃ㓐ড়㸠ࡼϢ㓐ড়㸠ࡼㅵ⧚ⱘᷛޚᅮНˈᑊᇍ⾡ḋⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸ䖯㸠њⳌᔧ䆺㒚ⱘ䅼䆎DŽ݊Ҫׂᬍ᳝བϟݙᆍ˖xϔ㠀ㅵ⧚ᡔ㛑Ꮖ㒣ࠄϔゴ˗xࡴњϔ↉ˈҟ㒡䆌乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ䳔㽕ⱘ䆌ϧϮⶹ䆚DŽĀѠゴ - 乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳϢ㒘㒛āⱘবࡼѠゴⱘবࡼ䯤䗄њ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳϢѻક⫳ੑᳳП䯈ⱘऎ߿ˈ㾷䞞њ乍Ⳃ䰊↉DŽᅮНњ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙Ϣ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤDŽ䰸њᯢ⹂乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸ㒘㒛Ёⱘ㾦㡆Ϣ䋷ӏПˈ䖬ҟ㒡њ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࠊᑺⱘὖᗉDŽĀϝゴ - 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛āⱘবࡼϝゴܼ䚼䞡ᮄ㓪ݭˈࡴњ㆛ᐙˈᇚ䞡⚍ᬒ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘Ϣⶹ䆚乚ඳݙⱘ䖛DŽЎњさߎ䞡⚍ˈϝゴᬍৡЎĀ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛āᑊ㒇ܹѠ䚼ߚˈेĀ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᷛޚāDŽϝゴ㒣䖛ܼ䴶ׂᬍৢˈ៤Ўㅵ⧚ऩϔ乍Ⳃⱘᷛޚˈ䯤ᯢњ5Ͼᖙ㽕ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘ঞ݊ࣙⱘϾ䖛DŽৠࠡϔ⠜Ⳍ↨ˈਃࡼϢ㒧ሒ䖛㒘ᕫࠄⱘ䞡㾚DŽࠊ䖛㒘ϡԚᠽњ㆛ᐙˈ㗠Ϩ䖬ࡴњⲥ㾚ˈৡ⿄гᬍ៤Āⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㒘āDŽЎњ䯤䗄乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘Ϣ乍Ⳃ䰊↉П䯈ⱘऎ߿ˈ䖬⏏ࡴњݙᆍDŽ䖛এҎӀᯊᐌᇚϸ㗙䇃㾷ЎৠϔὖᗉDŽĀಯゴ - 乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚āⱘবࡼಯゴгܼ䚼䞡ݭˈ⫼ⱘ㆛ᐙ䅼䆎བԩᇚ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛乍⌏ࡼ㒧ড়ЎᭈԧDŽ䖭ϔゴҢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘ⱘ㾦ᑺ䇈ᯢњ䖭⾡㒧ড়ˈ㾷䞞њ᠔᳝乍ⳂAㅵ⧚䖛㒘П䯈ˈҹঞ᠔᳝乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛П䯈ⱘ㒧ড়DŽಯゴ⏏ࡴњ4Ͼᮄ䖛ˈᬍࡼњ2Ͼ䖛ⱘৡ⿄˖®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 303
䰘ᔩ A ϝ⠜ׂᬍП໘xࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴ䖛ℷᓣḌޚ乍ⳂDŽxࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк䖛ᔶ៤њ催ሖ㣗ೈ᭛ᄫ䇈ᯢDŽxࠊᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䖛䆄䕑њ⹂ᅮǃ㓪ࠊǃण䇗᠔᳝ߚ䅵ߦˈᑊՓ݊ᔶ៤乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦᭈԧ᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘ㸠ࡼDŽxᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᠻ㸠䖛ᠻ㸠乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁ⹂ᅮⱘᎹˈᅲ⦄乍ⳂⱘϾⳂᷛDŽxⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ乍ⳂᎹ䖛⹂ᅮњЎⲥ㾚Ϣࠊਃࡼǃ㾘ߦǃᠻ㸠Ϣ㒧ᴳ乍Ⳃⱘ乍⌏ࡼ᠔䳔㽕ⱘϾ䖛DŽx㒧ᴳ乍Ⳃ䖛∛䲚њℷᓣ㒧ᴳ乍Ⳃⱘ᠔᳝䖛㒘ⱘ᠔᳝⌏ࡼDŽϟ㸼ᔦ㒇њಯゴⱘ᠔᳝বࡼ˖2000ᑈ⠜䚼ߚϝ⠜䚼ߚࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ䅵ߦ ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᠻ㸠乍Ⳃ䅵ߦᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᠻ㸠ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ乍ⳂᎹᭈԧবࠊᭈԧবࠊ㒧ᴳ乍Ⳃ㸼2 – ಯゴⱘবࡼĀѨゴ - 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚āⱘবࡼׂᬍ5ゴᰃЎњ䯤ᯢ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦࠊᅮ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкЁⱘ⫼DŽ䖭ϔゴᠽњ㆛ᐙˈ䇈ᯢњᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄WBS˅ⱘ䞡㽕ᗻˈᮄࡴњϔ㡖ˈҟ㒡Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘⱘࠊDŽ᳝݇ਃࡼⱘ↉㨑㒣䖛ᬍݭৢˈ㓪ܹ4ゴDŽϟ㸼ᔦ㒇њ5ゴⱘ᠔᳝বࡼ˖2000ᑈ⠜䚼ߚϝ⠜䚼ߚਃࡼ䞡ݭᑊ⿏ࠄ4ゴ㣗ೈ㾘ߦ 㣗ೈ㾘ߦ㣗ೈᅮН㣗ೈᅮНࠊWBS 㣗ೈḌᅲ㣗ೈḌᅲ㣗ೈবࠊ 㣗ೈࠊ㸼3 – 5ゴⱘবࡼ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3042004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
Ā݁ゴ - 乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚āⱘবࡼ6ゴⱘবࡼབϟ˖ᇚ䌘⑤㾘ߦϔ㡖⿏ࠄᴀゴˈᑊᬍৡЎĀ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤ԄㅫāDŽߴ䰸њᐙ˄՟བPERT˅ˈׂᬍњᐙᑊ䇈ᯢњᅗӀⱘ⫼䗨Н˄՟བ῾䘧⿄⫬⡍ˈ䞠˅DŽℸˈ䖬ࡴњϔᐙˈ䇈ᯢ䞠䖯ᑺ㸼ǃὖᣀᗻ䖯ᑺ㸼Ϣ䆺㒚䖯ᑺ㸼П䯈ⱘᏂ߿DŽ䖭ϔゴⱘᓩ㿔䇈ᯢњ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚПϔˈे䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘᖙ㽕ᗻDŽ䖬ࡴњϾ↉㨑ˈᦤկ᳝݇乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚Ԅㅫǃ䌘⑤ᑇ㸵ˈҹঞ䖯ᑺ䖯ሩਞⱘֵᙃˈҹ֓ড䖭ѯ䖛ᕅડાѯᮍ䴶ᕅડ乍Ⳃⱘ䖯ᑺDŽϟ㸼ᔦ㒇њ6ゴⱘ᠔᳝বࡼ˖2000ᑈ⠜䚼ߚϝ⠜䚼ߚ⌏ࡼᅮН ⌏ࡼᅮН⌏ࡼᥦᑣ⌏ࡼᥦᑣ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼ࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼䖯ᑺࠊ䖯ᑺࠊ㸼4 – 6ゴⱘবࡼĀϗゴ - 乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚āⱘবࡼࡴњ7ゴЁⱘ䖛ˈ乍Ⳃ乘ㅫⳈৠWBS㒧ড়Ўᭈԧˈᑊ⫼Ѣࠊ䌍⫼DŽℸˈᇍѢձǃᎹϢᡔᴃⱘ㓪ᥦ㒧ᵘг䖯㸠њᕜⱘׂᬍDŽ䆹ゴⱘᓩ㿔䇈ᯢњ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚПϔˈे䌍⫼ㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘᖙ㽕ᗻDŽ䌘⑤㾘ߦ䖛Ꮖ㒣⿏ࠄ6ゴˈᑊ䞡ᮄੑৡЎĀ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫā䖭ϔゴࣙњ᳝݇ᅲ⦄Ӌؐㅵ⧚ⱘ䚼ߚֵᙃDŽϟ㸼ᔦ㒇њ7ゴⱘ᠔᳝বࡼ˖A2000ᑈ⠜䚼ߚϝ⠜䚼ߚ䌘⑤㾘ߦ⿏ࠄ乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚˄6ゴ˅䌍⫼Ԅㅫ 䌍⫼Ԅㅫ䌍⫼乘ㅫ䌍⫼乘ㅫ䌍⫼ࠊ䌍⫼ࠊ㸼5 – 7ゴⱘবࡼ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 305
䰘ᔩ A ϝ⠜ׂᬍП໘Āܿゴ - 乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚āⱘবࡼ8ゴⱘবࡼ᳝ˈׂᬍњϸϾ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛ⱘৡ⿄ˈҹ֓དഄড䖭ϸϾ䖛ⱘ乍⌏ࡼDŽᴀゴⱘ䞡⚍ᰃᇚ䋼䞣⌏ࡼৠ4ゴᅮНⱘᭈԧⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛㒧ড়䍋ᴹˈᔶ៤ᭈԧDŽϟ㸼ᔦ㒇њ8ゴⱘ᠔᳝বࡼ˖2000ᑈ⠜䚼ߚϝ⠜䚼ߚ䋼䞣㾘ߦ 䋼䞣㾘ߦ䋼䞣ֱ䆕ᅲᮑ䋼䞣ֱ䆕䋼䞣ࠊᅲᮑ䋼䞣ࠊ㸼6 – 8ゴⱘবࡼĀбゴ - 乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚āⱘবࡼ9ゴҟ㒡њҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚ⱘ㢹ᑆᮍ䴶ϢҎਬ䜡ㅵ⧚䅵ߦDŽᴀゴࡴњㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ䖛ˈሲѢϔ⾡ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛DŽ䖬ࡴњ㢹ᑆ䞡㽕㾷䞞ˈࣙᣀ㒘㒛Ϣ㘠ԡৡ⿄DŽᴀゴᦦডњᔧࠡ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᡔᴃˈ՟བ㰮ᢳ⧁ᄤǃᴀॳ߭ˈҹঞ䯂乬᮹䆄DŽ9ゴⱘবࡼᔦ㒇ϟ㸼ПЁ˖2000ᑈ⠜䚼ߚϝ⠜䚼ߚ㒘㒛㾘ߦ Ҏ䌘⑤㾘ߦҎਬ㘬㒘ᓎ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ⧁ᄤᓎ䆒乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤᓎ䆒ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ㸼7 – 9ゴⱘবࡼĀकゴ - 乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚āⱘবࡼ10ゴᏆ㒣ᮄˈ⏏ࡴњㅵ⧚߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙䖛DŽㅵ⧚߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙䖛ㅵ⧚≳䗮ˈ⒵䎇乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ䳔㽕ˈ㾷އҪӀ䘛ࠄⱘ䯂乬DŽ㸼8ᔦ㒇њ10ゴথ⫳ⱘব࣪˖2000ᑈ⠜䚼ߚϝ⠜䚼ߚ≳䗮㾘ߦ ≳䗮㾘ߦֵᙃߚথֵᙃߚথ䖯ሩਞ䖯ሩਞ㸠ᬓ㒧ሒㅵ⧚߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙㸼8 – 10ゴⱘবࡼ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3062004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
Āकϔゴ - 乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚āⱘবࡼ11ゴᏆ㒣ᮄˈ䖯ϔℹ䞡㾚ᴎӮ˄Ϣ࿕㚕Ⳍᇍ˅DŽ݊Ёࣙᣀḍ乍Ⳃⱘᴖᑺ䖯㸠䗝ᢽˈ䖭ḋˈࡴњ亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦⱘ⌏ࡼˈ䖭ḋϔᴹˈህ⏏ࡴњ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠˈ֓Ѣৠ݊Ҫ䖛㘨㋏DŽ㸼9ᔦ㒇њ11ゴⱘব˖2000ᑈ⠜䚼ߚϝ⠜䚼ߚ亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ 亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ亢䰽䆚߿亢䰽䆚߿ᅮᗻ亢䰽ߚᵤᅮᗻ亢䰽ߚᵤᅮ䞣亢䰽ߚᵤᅮ䞣亢䰽ߚᵤ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ 亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ亢䰽ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ亢䰽ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ㸼9 –11ゴⱘবࡼ˄䖛ৡ⿄ᬍ˅ĀकѠゴ - 乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚āⱘবࡼ 12ゴᏆ㒣ᮄˈࣙᣀ㒳ϔՓ⫼ĀфЏāϢĀपЏāDŽᴀゴ╘⏙њ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤܙᔧѻક᳡ࡵⱘфЏܙᔧपЏϸ㗙П䯈ⱘϡৠП໘DŽᴀゴড়ৠㅵ⧚ᮍ䴶ࡴњϔϾ䆘ӋपЏᅲᮑᚙމⱘ䖛ˈᑊএᥝњĀ䞛䌁āǃĀ䆶Ӌāㄝ㉏Ԑⱘ䆡䇁ˈ⬅Ѣ䅸䆚ࠄњ䖭ѯ䆡䇁Ϫ⬠ϡৠഄᮍ᳝⍜ᵕⱘНDŽ㸼10ᔦ㒇њ12ゴⱘবࡼ˖2000ᑈ⠜䚼ߚϝ⠜䚼ߚ䞛䌁㾘ߦ 䅵ߦ䞛䌁Ϣᕕ䌁䆶Ӌ㾘ߦথࣙ㾘ߦ䆶Ӌ㽕∖पЏડᑨᴹ⑤䗝ᢽपᮍ䗝ᢽড়ৠㅵ⧚ ড়ৠㅵ⧚ড়ৠ㒧ሒড়ৠ㒧ሒ㸼10 –12ゴⱘবࡼ䆡∛㸼䆡∛㸼ᮄৢˈࡴњᴵⳂˈ݊বࡼབϟ˖®xᬊ㔫њPMBOKᣛफℷ᭛ЁᅮНПৢᠡ֓Ѣ⧚㾷䆹ᣛफݙᆍⱘᴃ䇁˗x䇈ᯢњᴵⳂⱘНˈҹᦤ催㣅᭛䆥៤݊Ҫ᭛ᄫৢⱘ䋼䞣Ϣޚ⹂ᗻ˗®xপ⍜њPMBOKᣛफϝ⠜ЁՓ⫼ⱘᴃ䇁DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 307
䰘ᔩB乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮlj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJⱘⓨব᳔߱ᦤߎ1969ᑈˈᔧᯊ䆌ϡৠⱘᑨ⫼乚ඳˈ՟བᮑᎹࠊ㥃ˈ乍Ⳃⱘ䆌ㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩Ⳍৠˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮህᰃ䖭ḋⱘ㚠᱃ϟ៤ゟⱘDŽࠄ1976ᑈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ㩭⡍߽ᇨⷨ䅼ӮࠡৢˈᏆ᳝䆌Ҏᓔྟ䆂䆎ᇚϞ䗄݅ৠⱘㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩∛䲚Ўᷛޚⱘᛇ⊩DŽ䖭ህᰃৢᴹজ䅽ҎӀᛇࠄᡞ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⳟऩ⣀㘠Ϯⱘ㓬⬅DŽৃᰃˈⳈࠄ1981ᑈˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ㨷џӮᠡއᅮゟ乍ᴹᬃᣕ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㘠Ϯ᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘᑣὖᗉDŽ䆹乍Ⳃᓎ䆂кᦤߎњϝϾ䞡⚍˖xҢџ䆹㘠ϮⱘϧϮҎਬⱘ⡍⚍˄㘠Ϯ䘧ᖋ˅x䆹㘠Ϯⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ⱘݙᆍϢ㒧ᵘ˄ᷛޚ˅xᇍ㘠Ϯ៤ህⱘ⹂䅸˄䅸䆕˅ℸˈ䆹乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤህ⿄Ў㘠Ϯ䘧ᖋ˄Ethics˅ǃᷛޚ˄Standards˅Ϣ䅸䆕B˄Accreditation˅ㅵ⧚ᇣ㒘˄ESA˅ˈESAㅵ⧚ᇣ㒘⬅ϟ߫Ҏਬ㒘៤˖Matthew H. ParryˈЏᐁDavid C. Aird Frederick R. Fisher David Haeney Harvey Kolodney Charles E. Oliver William H. Robinson Douglas J. Ronson Paul Sims Eric W. Smythe ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 309
䰘ᔩB 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮlj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJⱘⓨব乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ㢹ᑆഄᮍߚӮ25ԡҹϞⱘҎਬᖫᜓणࡽ䆹ᇣ㒘ᎹDŽહӺ↨Ѯ⡍ऎढⲯ乓ҹLew IrelandЎЏᐁⱘྨਬӮ㓪ݭᑊᦤѸњ㘠Ϯ䘧ᖋໄᯢкDŽफᅝ⬹ⳕ⬅Dave MacDonaldǃDave NormanǃBob SpenceǃBob HallMatt ParryㄝҎ㒘៤ⱘᇣ㒘В㸠њӮ䆂Пৢ㓪ݭњᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚ໄᯢкDŽStelcoⱘ៤ᴀ䚼Dave HaeneyLarry HarrisonⱘᣛᇐϟˈᓔњᕜӮˈ㓪ݭњ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚ໄᯢкDŽ݊Ҫໄᯢк߭⬅ESAㅵ⧚ᇣ㒘㓪ݭDŽ䅸䆕⬅John AdamsҪ㽓व㔫㦅㒇ᄺⱘᇣ㒘ᡓᢙˈᑊ᳔㒜ࠊᅮњ䅸䆕Ꮉᣛफˈᑊ៤ゟњ⬅Dean MartinЏᣕⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㘠ϮҎਬ䌘Ḑ㗗䆩䅵ߦDŽESA乍Ⳃⱘ៤ᵰ1983ᑈ8᳜lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᄺ˄Project Management Journal˅NJϞҹ⡍߿ਞᔶᓣথ㸼ˈ䆹ਞࣙᣀ˖x㘠Ϯ䘧ᖋ㾘㣗㾘㣗ᠻ㸠ᑣDŽx⬅ҹϟ6ϾЏ㽕ⶹ䆚乚ඳ㒘៤ⱘᷛޚޚ˖㣗ೈㅵ⧚ǃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚ǃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚ǃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚ǃҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚≳䗮ㅵ⧚DŽx䅸䆕ޚ߭˄ᇍᬭ㚆ᴎᵘᦤկⱘ䇒䋼䞣ⱘ䅸ৃ˅䌘Ḑ㗗䆩ޚ߭˄ᇍϾҎ㘠Ϯ䌘Ḑⱘ䅸ৃ˅DŽ䆹ਞৢᴹህব៤њ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮⱘ䅸䆕Ϣ䌘Ḑ㗗䆩߱ℹ䅵ߦⱘ⸔DŽ1983ᑈᇍ㽓व㔫㦅㒇ᄺⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⸩䇒䖯㸠њ䅸䆕ˈᑊѢ1984ᑈВ㸠њϔᡍ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ϧϮҎਬ⊼ݠ䌘Ḑ㗗䆩DŽ 1986-1987ᑈᮄESAޚਞⱘথ㸼ᓩ䍋њ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮݙ䚼݇Ѣ᠔߫ᷛޚᰃ৺ܙߚⱘᑓ⊯䅼䆎DŽ1984ᑈˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ㨷џӮᡍޚњ᳝݇ᷛޚⱘѠϾ乍Ⳃˈҹ֓Ā᮶᳝ⱘESAᅝᥦϟĂᬊ䲚ᑨ⫼Ѣ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘⶹ䆚āDŽ㋻ⴔˈ៤ゟњ݁ϾྨਬӮˈᇍᏆ㒣䆚߿ⱘ݁Ͼⶹ䆚乚ඳߚ߿䖯㸠ⷨおDŽˈ1985ᑈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᑈӮϞᅝᥦϔⷨ䅼ӮDŽ㒣䖛Ϟ䗄ࡾˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ㨷џӮॳ߭ϞḌޚњϔӑ㒣ׂᬍⱘ᭛ӊˈᑊ1986ᑈ8᳜ⱘlj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᄺNJϞথ㸼ҹᕕ∖ᛣ㾕DŽখϢ䖭ϔ⠜᭛ӊׂᬍⱘЏ㽕᳝˖R. Max WidemanˈЏᐁJohn R. Adams, Џᐁ˄㓪ݭ䰊↉˅˄থ㸼ᯊ˅Joseph R. Beck Peter Bibbes Jim Blethen Richard Cockfield Peggy Day William Dixon Peter C. Georgas Shirl Holingsworth William Kane Colin Morris Joe Muhlberger Philip Nunn Pat Patrick David Pym Linn C. Stuckenbruck George Vallance Larry C. Woolslager Shakir Zuberi ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3102004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
䰸њᠽሩ䞡㒘ॳ᳝ⱘ䌘᭭ˈℸ乍㒣ׂᬍⱘ᭛ӊ䖬ࡴܹњҹϟϝϾᮄⱘ䚼ߚ˖x乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ḚᶊˈⳂⱘᰃ䯤䗄乍ⳂϢ䚼⦃๗ˈҹঞ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚Ϣϔ㠀ㅵ⧚П䯈ⱘ݇㋏DŽxᇚ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ᔧخऩ⣀ⱘⶹ䆚乚ඳˈҹ֓ܙߚഄ䅼䖭ϔ䇒乬DŽxᇚড়ৠ/䞛䌁ㅵ⧚߫Ўऩ⣀ⱘⶹ䆚乚ඳˈⳂⱘᰃܙߚഄ䅼䖭ϔ䇒乬DŽℸৢˈ䖭ӑᴤ᭭জ䖯㸠њϔ㋏߫㓪䕥ᮍ䴶ⱘᬍϢׂℷˈᑊѢ1987ᑈ⬅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ㨷џӮᡍޚDŽ᳔㒜〓Ѣ1987ᑈ8᳜ҹlj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏NJЎ乬ⱘऩ㸠ᴀথ㸼DŽ 1996ᑈᮄ1987ᑈ⠜থ㸼Пৢˈ݇Ѣ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ݇䬂ᷛޚ᭛ӊⱘ䗖ᔧḐᓣǃݙᆍ㒧ᵘⱘ䅼䆎㒻㓁ᕫҹ䖯㸠DŽ1991ᑈ8᳜ˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚ䚼ЏӏAlan Strettonᦤߎњϔ乍ḍᴹ㞾Ӯਬⱘᛣ㾕ᇍ᭛ӊ䖯㸠ᮄⱘ乍Ⳃ䆂DŽ䖭ҹৢⱘᑈ䞠ˈ㣗ೈݙӴ䯙њϔ㋏߫Ꮉ〓ӊˈᑊ䖒ᢝᮃǃऍ㣼ഄѮહⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᄺᴃⷨ䅼ӮϞ䖯㸠њ䲚Ё䅼䆎ˈ䗤⏤ᅠ៤њᇍ䆹᭛ӊⱘׂᬍ〓DŽ1994ᑈ8᳜ˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚྨਬӮথᏗњ䆹᭛ӊⱘᕕ∖ᛣ㾕〓ˈߚথ㒭乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮܼ䚼10,000ৡӮਬˈҹঞ20Ͼ݊Ҫ㘠ϮᡔᴃणӮᕕ∖ᛣ㾕DŽ®1996ᑈlj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफ˄PMBOKᣛफ˅NJⱘߎ⠜ᷛᖫⴔ1991ᑈᦤߎⱘ乍ⳂϮᏆᅠ៤DŽ᪄〓Ҏᅵ䯙Ҏਬⱘৡऩ߫ᴀ䰘ᔩৢञ䚼ߚDŽ1996ᑈ⠜ࠡ㿔Ё1987ᑈ⠜1996ᑈ⠜П䯈ⱘᏂᓖ∛ᘏ㸼ˈг߫ᴀ䰘ᔩⱘৢञ䚼ߚDŽ®ᴀ᭛ӊপҷ1987ᑈߎ⠜ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮlj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏˄PMBOK˅NJ᭛ӊDŽЎᐂࡽৃ㛑Ꮖ❳ᙝᴀ᭛ӊࠡϔ⠜ᴀⱘՓ⫼㗙ˈ⦄ᇚϸϾ⠜ᴀП䯈ⱘЏ㽕BᏂᓖᡐ㽕䇈ᯢབϟ˖1.ᬍবњ᭛ӊᷛ乬ˈҹᔎ䇗ᴀ᭛ӊᑊ䴲乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᴀ䑿DŽᴀ᭛ӊ1987ᑈ⠜ᇚ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᅮНЎĀᇚৃ䴴ⱘㅵ⧚ॳ߭ᑨ⫼ѢĂ乍Ⳃᯊ᠔䳔㽕ⱘ᠔᳝Џ乬ǃᄺ⾥乚ඳⶹ䆚䖛āDŽᰒ✊ˈϔϾ᭛ӊᰃ∌䖰ϡৃ㛑ಞᣀᭈϾ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ⱘDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 311
䰘ᔩB 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮlj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJⱘⓨব2.䞡ᮄᬍݭњᭈϾㅵ⧚Ḛᶊ䚼ߚDŽᮄᬍݭⱘ䚼ߚ⬅ҹϟϝゴ㒘៤˖xᓩ䆎ˈ䇈ᯢњᴀ᭛ӊⱘⳂⱘˈᑊ䆺㒚ഄᅮНњ乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖭ϸϾᴃ䇁DŽx乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⦃๗ˈ䇈ᯢњ乍Ⳃ䖤䕀ⱘ⦃๗—乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳǃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⳟ䯂乬ⱘ㾦ᑺǃ䚼ᕅડˈҹঞ݇䬂ⱘ䗮⫼ㅵ⧚ᡔ㛑DŽx乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛ˈ䇈ᯢњ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ϡৠ䚼ߚᕐℸП䯈ᰃབԩⳌѦ㘨㋏ˈⳌѦᕅડⱘDŽ3.ᦤߎњ䞡ᮄׂᬍⱘ乍ⳂⱘᅮНDŽ៥Ӏ᳒ᏠᳯᦤߎϔϾ᮶㽕᳝ᑓᗻ˄ϡᑨᇚヺড়乍ⳂᅮНˈԚ䗮ᐌϡ䅸Ўᰃ乍Ⳃⱘџ乍ᥦ䰸˅জ㽕᳝ऩϔᗻ˄ϡᑨᇚϔ㠀Ҏ㾚Ў乍ⳂˈԚϡヺড়乍ⳂНⱘџ乍⹂䅸Ў乍Ⳃ˅ⱘᅮНDŽ៥Ӏᇍ⦄᳝᭛⤂Ё݇Ѣ乍Ⳃⱘ䆌ᅮН䗤Ͼ䖯㸠њⷨおˈ㾝ᕫᅗӀܼ䛑ᶤᮍ䴶ϡヺড়Ϟ䗄㽕∖DŽᮄᅮНᰃ⬅乍Ⳃⱘऩϔ⡍⚍᠔އᅮⱘ˖े乍ⳂᰃЎ߯䗴⣀⡍ѻક᳡ࡵ㗠䖯㸠ⱘЈᯊᗻࡾDŽ4.ᇍ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳⱘⳟ⊩ᦤߎњׂᬍDŽ᭛ӊ1987ᑈ⠜ᇚ乍Ⳃ䰊↉ᅮНЎĀ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳⱘ䖯ϔℹߦߚৢⱘ㒧ᵰāDŽ៥Ӏᬍϸ㗙݇㋏ⱘܜৢϢЏҢ乎ᑣˈᇚ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳᅮНЎĀϔ㋏߫ৡ⿄Ϣ᭄Ⳃ⬅ᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘࠊ䳔㽕᠔އᅮⱘϾ䰊↉ⱘܼԧāDŽ5.ᇚ᭛ӊЏ㽕䚼ߚⱘৡ⿄ҢĀ㘠㛑āᬍЎĀⶹ䆚乚ඳāDŽ㘠㛑䖭ϔᴃ䇁ᕔᕔ㹿䇃㾷Ў㘠㛑㒘㒛ⱘϔϾ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽৡ⿄ⱘᬍᑨ㛑⍜䰸ℸ⾡䇃㾷DŽ6.ℷᓣᡓ䅸њбϾⶹ䆚乚ඳⱘᄬDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᰃϔϾ㓐ড়ᗻ䖛ᮍ䴶ˈҎӀ䖒៤ᑓ⊯݅䆚Ꮖ᳝Ⳍᔧᯊ᮹DŽ4ゴˈlj乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚NJᡓ䅸䖭ϾЏ乬ⱘ䞡㽕ᗻDŽ7.↣Ͼⶹ䆚乚ඳⱘᷛ乬䛑ࡴϞњĀ乍ⳂāϸϾᄫDŽ䖭ḋخⳟ䍋ᴹ㱑✊᳝ѯ㌃䌬ˈԚ᳝ࡽѢ╘⏙᭛ӊⱘ㣗ೈDŽ՟བˈlj乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚NJা⍝ঞ乍ⳂЁ⡍᳝ⱘˈ㗙Т⡍᳝ⱘㅵ⧚Ҏ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚䯂乬DŽ8.䗝ᢽ䇈ᯢⶹ䆚乚ඳⱘࡲ⊩ᯊˈއᅮҢⶹ䆚乚ඳ᠔䳔㽕ⱘᄤ䖛ⴔDŽᇏ∖ࠡৢϔ㟈ⱘভ䗄ᮍᓣ䖛Ёˈ᳔㒜އᅮᕏᑩᬍব1987ᑈ⠜ⱘᭈԧ㒧ᵘˈᇚ݊ߦߚЎ37Ͼ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛DŽ↣ϔ䖛䛑ᣝ✻ձǃᎹϢᡔᴃˈҹঞ៤ᵰⱘ乎ᑣ䖯㸠䇈ᯢDŽձ៤ᵰ䛑ᰃ᭛ӊ˄՟བˈ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк˅㗙ৃҹ⫼᭛ᄫ䆄䕑ⱘџ乍˄՟བˈ⌏ࡼⱘձ䌪݇㋏˅DŽᎹϢᡔᴃᣛᑨ⫼Ѣձˈҹ߯䗴៤ᵰⱘᴎࠊDŽ䰸њㅔ⋕䖭ϔᴀ⡍⚍Пˈ䖭⾡ভ䗄ᮍᓣ䖬᳝བϟϾད໘˖®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3122004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
xᔎ䇗њⶹ䆚乚ඳП䯈ⱘⳌѦ㘨㋏DŽϔϾ䖛ⱘ㒧ᵰᰃϔ䖛ⱘձDŽx㒘㒛㒧ᵘ♉⌏ǃ〇ཹDŽⶹ䆚Ϣخ⊩ⱘᬍবৃ䗮䖛⏏ࡴᮄ䖛ǃ䞡ᮄᅝᥦ䖛䯈ⱘ乎ᑣǃᇚ䖛䖯㸠ߚ㾷㗙䖛ݙ䚼⏏ࡴ᭛ᄫ䇈ᯢㄝᕫࠄডDŽx䖛ᰃ݊ҪᷛޚⱘḌᖗDŽ՟བˈ䰙ᷛޚ࣪㒘㒛ⱘ䋼䞣ᷛޚ˄ISO9000㋏߫˅ህᰃҹ䆚߿㒣㧹⌕Ў⸔ⱘDŽ9.⏏ࡴњ㢹ᑆᦦDŽ䇜ࠄᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘǃ㔥㒰S᳆㒓ᯊˈϔᓴ䖰㚰ग㿔ϛ䇁DŽ10. ᇍ᭛ӊ䖯㸠њߔ䯨᭻ⱘ䞡ᮄ㓪ᥦDŽϟ㸼ᰃ1987ᑈ⠜1996ᑈ⠜Џ㽕ᷛ乬П䯈ⱘ↨䕗˖1987ᑈ㓪োৡ⿄ 1996ᑈ㓪োৡ⿄0.乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᷛޚB. 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ®˄PMBOKᷛޚ˅lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJⱘⓨব1.Ḛᶊ˖ॳ⧚ 1.ᓩ㿔˄ᴀᅮН˅2.乍Ⳃ⦃๗˄⫳ੑᳳ˅2.Ḛᶊ˖ὖ䉠1. 䚼ߚভ䗄2.䚼ߚভ䗄3.䚼ߚভ䗄3.Ḛᶊ˖ᭈԧൟl 3. 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛4.乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚4.䗮⫼ᴃ䇁∛㓪IV.ᴃ䇁∛㓪A. 㣗ೈㅵ⧚ 5. 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚B. 䋼䞣ㅵ⧚8.乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚C.ᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚6.乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚D.䌍⫼ㅵ⧚ 7. 乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚BE. 亢䰽ㅵ⧚11.乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚F.Ҏ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚9.乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚G.ড়ৠ/䞛䌁ㅵ⧚ 12. 乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚H.≳䗮ㅵ⧚10.乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚11. Ң᠔߫ⳂⱘЁߴ䰸њĀߚ㉏ā䖭ϔⳂⱘDŽ1996ᑈ⠜ⱘ᭛ӊ1987ᑈ⠜ⱘ᭛ӊ㓪ᥦ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ᯊ䛑᳝㞾Ꮕⱘԧ㋏ˈԚᰃЎϔ⾡ߚ㉏ࡲ⊩䛑ϡ⫮᳝ᬜDŽ佪ܜˈ᠔䗝ⱘ乬Ⳃϡܼ䴶—ᬊܹᮄ乪ϡᇏᐌⱘخ⊩DŽ݊ˈ䆌ݙᆍ䛑⍝ঞϾⶹ䆚乚ඳ䖛ˈ㒧ᵰ䗴៤㣗⭈ϡଃϔᗻDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 313
䰘ᔩB 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮlj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJⱘⓨব1996ᑈ⠜ᴀ䰘ᔩCЁ᠔߫ҹϟϾҎЎ1996ᑈ⠜ᴀׂᬍ〓ߎњ⾡䋵⤂DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᇍҪӀⱘᬃᣕ⏅㸼䇶ᛣDŽᷛޚྨਬӮׂ䅶乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏1996ᑈᮄ⠜ᳳ䯈ˈϟ߫Ҏᢙӏњ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚྨਬӮⱘྨਬ˖William R. Duncan Frederick Ayer Cynthia Berg Mark Burgess Helen Cooke Judy Doll Drew Fetters Brian Fletcher Earl Glenwright Eric Jenett Deborah O’Bray Diane Quinn Anthony Rizzotto Alan Stretton Douglas E. Tryloff ᪄〓Ҏ䰸њᷛޚྨਬӮⱘྨਬˈϟ߫ҎЎҹϟゴϔ㡖㡖ᦤկњℷ᭛䞡㽕ⱘὖᗉ˖John Adams˄3ゴ˅ Keely Brunner˄7ゴ˅Louis J. Cabano˄5ゴ˅ David Curling˄12ゴ˅Douglas Gordon˄7ゴ˅ David T. Hulett˄11ゴ˅Edward Ionata˄10ゴ˅ John M. Nevison˄9ゴ˅Hadley Reynolds˄2ゴ˅ Agnes Salvo˄11ゴ˅W. Stephen Sawle˄5ゴ˅ Leonard Stolba˄8ゴ˅Ahmet Taspina˄6ゴ˅ Francis M. Webster Jr. ˄1ゴ˅ᅵ䯙Ҏ䰸њᷛޚྨਬӮⱘྨਬϞ䗄᪄〓ҎˈҹϟϾҎЎᇍ1996ᑈ⠜᭛ӊⱘग़ׂᬍ〓ᦤߎњᛣ㾕˖Edward L. Averill C. “Fred” Baker F. J. “Bud” Baker Tom Belanger John A. Bing Brian Bock Paul Bosakowski Dorothy J. Burton Kim Colenso Samuel K. Collier Karen Condos-Alfonsi E. J. Coyle Darlene Crane Russ Darnall Maureen Dougherty John J. Downing Daniel D. Dudek Lawrence East Quentin W. Fleming Rick Fletcher Greg Githens Leo Giulianeti Martha D. Hammonds Abdulrazak Hajibrahim G. Alan Hellawell Paul Hinkley Wayne L. Hinthorn Mark E. Hodson Lew Ireland Elvin Isgrig Murray Janzen Frank Jenes Walter Karpowski William F. Kerrigan Harold Kerzner Robert L. Kimmons Richard King J. D. “Kaay” Koch Lauri Koskela Richard E. Little Lyle W. Lockwood Lawrence Mack Christopher Madigan Michael L. McCauley Hugh McLaughlin ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3142004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
Frank McNeely Pierre Menard Rick Michaels Raymond Miller Alan Minson Colin Morris R. Bruce Morris David J. Mueller Gary Nelson John P. Nolan Louise C. Novakowski James O’Brien JoAnn C. Osmer Jon V. Palmquist Matthew Parry John G. Phippen Hans E. Picard Serge Y. Piotte PMI Houston Chapter PMI Manitoba Chapter PMI New Zealand Chapter Charles J. Pospisil Janice Y. Preston Mark T. Price Christopher Quaife Peter E. Quinn Steven F. Ritter William S. Ruggles Ralph B. Sackman Alice Sapienza Darryl M. Selleck Melvin Silverman Roy Smith Craig T. Stone Hiroshi Tanaka Robert Templeton Dick Thiel Saul Thomashow J. Tidhar Janet Toepfer Vijay K. Verma Alex Walton Jack Way R. Max Wideman Rebecca Winston Hugh M. Woodward Robert Youker Shakir H. Zuberi Dirk Zwart ߎ⠜ᎹҎਬ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ㘨㒰䚼៤ਬЁ⡍߿ᑨᔧᦤࠄⱘᰃϟ߫Ҏ˖Jeannette M. Cabanis, Editor, Book Division Misty N. Dillard, Administrative Assistant Linda V. Gillman, Office Administrator Bobby R. Hensley, Publications Coordinator Jonathan Hicks, Systems Administrator Sandy Jenkins, Associate Editor Dewey L. Messer, Managing Editor Danell Moses, Marketing Promotion Coordinator Mark S. Parker, Production Coordinator Shirley B. Parker, Business/Marketing Manager BMelissa Pendergast, Information Services James S. Pennypacker, Publisher/Editor-In-Coordinator ChiefMichelle Triggs, Graphic Designer Lisa Woodring, Administrative Assistant ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 315
䰘ᔩB 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮlj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJⱘⓨব 2000ᑈᮄ䖭ϔ᭛ӊপҷ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ1996ᑈߎ⠜ⱘlj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफ®˄PMBOKᣛफ˅NJDŽҹ1996ᑈ⠜Ў䍋⚍ⱘ䖭ϔ乍Ⳃⱘ㣗ೈᰃ˖xࡴᮄᴤ᭭ˈᬊ㔫Ꮖ㒣ᕫࠄ᱂䘡ᡓ䅸˄᱂䘡ᡓ䅸ᣛ䚼ߚᯊ䯈ৃᑨ⫼Ѣ᭄乍Ⳃˈ݊ӋؐϢ᳝ᬜᗻᏆ㒣ᕫࠄᑓ⊯䅸ৠ˅ⱘخ⊩ǃᎹǃᡔᴃˈҹঞ݊Ҫ᳝݇џ乍ˈᴹড乍Ⳃㅵ⧚乚ඳⶹ䆚Ϣخ⊩ⱘ䭓DŽxᦦϢℷ᭛Ё⏏ࡴ᭛ᄫ䇈ᯢˈՓ䇏㗙ϢՓ⫼㗙ҢᴀᣛफЁᬊ㦋DŽx㑴ℷࠡϔ⠜ᴀЁⱘ⭣ⓣϢ䫭䇃DŽ.ᇍ1996ᑈ⠜᠔خⱘЏ㽕ׂᬍབϟ˖1.ᭈϾᣛफˈ㞾ྟ㟇㒜䛑മᣕ乍Ⳃⱘㅵ⧚㽕⒵䎇ѻ⫳Ѣ䳔㽕ǃᜓᳯϢᳳᳯⱘ㽕∖DŽ2.ᭈϾᣛफ䛑ࡴᔎњৠ㒘㒛⬹ⱘ㘨㋏DŽ3.↉Ёᦤ催њ䗤ℹᅠⱘ䞡㽕ᗻDŽ4.↉Ёℷᓣᡓ䅸њ乍Ⳃࡲ݀ᅸⱘഄԡϢ⫼DŽ5.↉Ёࡴњ᳝݇থሩЁᆊ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ˈҹঞ⼒Ӯǃ㒣⌢Ϣ⦃๗ৢᵰⱘݙᆍDŽ6.4ゴ˄乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚˅ǃ7ゴ˄乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚˅10ゴ˄乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚˅↉Ёࡴњ㆛ᐙˈ䆺㒚䆎䗄ᅲ⦄Ӌؐㅵ⧚DŽ7.䞡ᮄᬍݭњ11ゴ (乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚)DŽ䖭ϔゴᏆ㒣⬅䖛এⱘ4Ͼ䖛ࡴࠄ6Ͼ䖛ˈे亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦǃ亢䰽䆚߿ǃᅮᗻ亢䰽ߚᵤǃᅮ䞣亢䰽ߚᵤǃ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦˈҹঞ亢䰽ⲥ㾚ϢࠊDŽ8.ᇚ㣗ೈḌᅲҢᠻ㸠䖛ᬍЎࠊ䖛DŽ9.ᇚ㡖ⱘ䖛ৡ⿄⬅Ā㓐ড়বࠊāᬍ៤њĀᭈԧবࠊāˈҹᔎ䇗ᭈϾ乍Ⳃܼ䖛বࠊⱘ䞡㽕ᗻDŽ10. ࡴњϔϾ㸼ˈे3-9ˈ㸼⼎39Ͼ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛ৠ5Ͼ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㒘9Ͼ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚乚ඳⱘ݇㋏DŽ11. 㒳ϔњᭈϾ᭛ӊЁՓ⫼ⱘᴃ䇁ˈᇚĀկᑨଚāᬍ៤њĀपЏāDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3162004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
12. ៥Ӏ䖬ࡴњ㢹ᑆᎹᡔᴃ˖4ゴ - 乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚ᅲ⦄Ӌؐㅵ⧚˄EVM˅乘䰆㸠ࡼ5ゴ - 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкᮄ乍Ⳃ䅵ߦ㒣䖛䇗ᭈⱘޚ6ゴ - 乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚䞣࣪ⱘᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ᯊ䯈乘˄ᑨᗹᯊ䯈˅㓪ⷕ㒧ᵘأᏂߚᵤ䞠⌏ࡼሲᗻ⬉㛥࣪Ꮉ7ゴ - 乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚Ԅㅫ䌘᭭ⱘ݀Ꮧᅲ⦄Ӌؐ⌟䞣8ゴ - 乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䋼䞣៤ᴀ10ゴ - 乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃਞ乍Ⳃᚙމҟ㒡乍Ⳃ㒧ሒ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᄺӮᷛޚ䅵ߦӮਬ乒䯂ᇣ㒘®㓪ݭlj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफ˄PMBOKᣛफ˅NJᳳ䯈ˈϟ߫Ҏᢙᔧ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᄺӮᷛޚ䅵ߦӮਬ乒䯂ᇣ㒘៤ਬ˖George Belev Cynthia A. Berg, PMP Sergio Coronado Arrechedera BJudith A. Doll, PMP J. Brian Hobbs, PMP David Hotchkiss, PMP lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJᮄ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤབϟҎᰃ⬅㘠Ϯ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ҎਬCynthia A. BergЎ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ⱘlj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ2000ᑈ⠜㓪ݭ㒘៤ਬ˖Cynthia A. Berg, PMP Judith A. Doll, PMP Daniel Dudek, PMP Quentin Fleming Greg Githens, PMP Earl Glenwright David T. Hulett, PhD Gregory J. Skulmoski ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 317
䰘ᔩB 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮlj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJⱘⓨব᪄〓Ҏ䰸њ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚ䅵ߦӮਬ乒䯂ᇣ㒘lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ㓪ݭ㒘ПˈҹϟҎЎϟ䗄ゴϔ㡖㡖᪄ݭњ߱〓㗙ᦤկњ䞡㽕ὖᗉDŽℸˈ⬅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮϧ䮼ⷨおᇣ㒘⡉༈䞡ᮄ㓪ݭњ11ゴlj乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚NJDŽAlfredo del Caño˄11ゴ˅ Quentin Fleming˄4ゴ12ゴ˅Roger Graves˄11ゴ˅DavidHillson˄11ゴ˅David Hulett˄11ゴ˅ Sam Lane˄11ゴ˅Janice Preston˄11ゴ˅StephenReed˄11ゴ˅David Shuster˄8ゴ˅ Ed Smith˄11ゴ˅Mike Wakshull˄11ゴ˅RobertYouker˄ゴ˅ᅵ䯙Ҏ䰸њ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚ䅵ߦӮਬ乒䯂ᇣ㒘ǃlj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ㓪ݭ㒘᪄〓ҎПˈҹϟҎЎᴀ᭛ӊᕕ∖ᛣ㾕〓ᦤߎњᛣ㾕˖Muhamed Abdomerovic, PMP, D. Eng. Yassir Afaneh Frank Allen, PMP Jon D. Allen, PMP MaryGrace Allenchey, PMP Robert A. Andrejko, PMP Ichizo Aoki Paul C. Aspinwall Ronald Auffrédou, PMP Edward Averill, PMP Frederick L. Ayer, PMP William W. Bahnmaier, PMP A. C. “Fred” Baker, PMP Carole J. Bass, PMP Berndt Bellman Sally Bernstein, PMP Nigel Blampied, PE, PMP John Blatta Patrick Brown, PMP Chris Cartwright, PMP Bruce C. Chadbourne, PMP Michael T. Clark, PMP Raymond C. Clark, PE Elizabeth Clarke David Coates, PMP Kim Colenso, PMP Edmund H. Conrow, PMP Kenneth G. Cooper John Cornman, PMP Richard F. Cowan, PMP Kevin Daly, PMP Mario Damiani, PMP Thomas Diethelm, PMP David M. Drevinsky, PMP Frank D. Einhorn, PMP Edward Fern, PMP Christian Frankenberg, PMP Scott D. Freauf, PMP Jean-Luc Frere, PMP Ichiro Fujita, PMP Chikako Futamura, PMP Serge Garon, PEng, PMP Brian L. Garrison, PMP Eric Glover Peter Bryan Goldsbury Michael Goodman, PMP ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3182004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
Jean Gouix, PMP Alexander Grassi Sr., PMP Franz X. Hake Peter Heffron Chris Herbert, PMP Dr. David Hillson, PMP, FAPM J. Brian Hobbs, PMP Marion Diane Holbrook Robin Hornby Bill Hubbard Charles L. Hunt Thomas P. Hurley, PMP George Jackelen Angyan P. Jagathnarayanan Elden F. Jones II, PMP, CMII Sada Joshi, PMP Lewis Kana, PMP Subramaniam Kandaswamy, PhD, PMP Ronald L. Kempf, PMP Robert Dohn Kissinger, PhD, PMP Kurt V. Kloecker Jan Kristrom Blase Kwok, PMP Lawrence P. Leach Philip A. Lindeman Gábor Lipi Lyle W. Lockwood, PMP J. W. Lowthian, PMP Arif Mahmood, PMP James Martin (on behalf of INCOSE) Stephen S. Mattingly Glen Maxfield Peter McCarthy Rob McCormack, PMP Krik D. McManus David Michaud Mary F. Miekoski, PMP Oscar A. Mignone Gordon R. Miller, PMP Roy E. Morgan, PMP Jim Morris, PMP Bert Mosterd, PMP William A. Moylan, PMP John D. Nelson, PMP Wolfgang Obermeier Cathy Oest, PMP Masato Ohori, PMP Kazuhiko Okubo, PE, PMP Edward Oliver Jerry Partridge, PMP Francisco Perez-Polo, PMP James M. Phillips, PMP Crispin (Kik) Piney, PMP George Pitagorsky, PMP David L. Prater, PMP Bradford S. Price, PMP Samuel L. Raisch, PMP Naga Rajan G. Ramachandran, PMP Bill Righter, PMP Bernice L. Rocque, PMP Wolfgang Theodore Roesch BFernando Romero Peñailillo Jon Rude Linda Rust, PMP Fabian Sagristani, PMP James N. Salapatas, PMP Seymour Samuels Bradford N. Scales H. Peter Schiller John R. Schuyler, PMP Maria Scott, PMP Shoukat Sheikh, MBA, PMP Kazuo Shimizu, PMP (on behalf of the PMI Tokyo, Japan Chapter)Larry Sieck Melvin Silverman, PhD, PE Loren J. Simer Jr. Keith Skilling, PE, PMP Greg Skulmoski Kenneth F. Smith, PMP Barry Smythe, PMP Paul J. Solomon Joe Soto Sr., PMP Christopher Wessley Sours, PMP Charlene Spoede, PMP Joyce Statz, PMP Emmett Stine, PMP Thangavel Subbu Jim Szpakowski Ahmet N. Taspinar, PMP John A. Thoren Jr., PMP Alan D. Uren, PMP Juan Luis Valero, PMP S. Rao Vallabhaneni William Simon Vaughan Robinson Ana Isabel Vazquez Urbina Ricardo Viana Vargas, PMP Stephen E. Wall, PMP William W. Wassel, PMP Tammo T. Wilkens, PE, PMP Robert Williford, PMP ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 319
䰘ᔩB 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮlj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJⱘⓨবҹࠡ⠜ᴀⱘ᪄〓Ҏᴀ⠜ᬊܹњ1996ᑈ⠜ҹঞҹࠡ݊Ҫ᭛ӊⱘᕜݙᆍDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᜓᛣℸᇚϟ߫ᖫᜓҎ㾚Ўᴀ᭛ӊⱘᅲ䰙᪄〓Ҏ˖John R. Adams William R. Duncan Matthew H. Parry Alan Stretton R. Max Wideman ߎ⠜ᎹҎਬ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ៤ਬЁ⡍߿ᑨᔧᦤࠄⱘᰃϟ߫Ҏ˖Steven L. Fahrenkrogˈᷛޚ䚼ЏӏLisa Fisherˈࡽ⧚㓪䕥Lewis M. Gedanskyˈⷨお䚼Џӏ®Linda V. Gillmanˈᑓਞण䇗ਬ/PMBOKᣛफ⠜ᴗ䕀䅽ण䇗ਬEva T. GoldmanˈᡔᴃⷨおϢᷛޚࡽ⧚Paul Graceˈ䅸䆕䚼ЏӏSandy Jenkinsˈ㓪䕥ᘏㅵToni D. Knottˈк㈡㓪䕥Mark S. Parkerˈߎ⠜ण䇗ਬDewey L. Messerˈ䆒䅵Ϣߎ⠜䚼ЏӏJohn McHughˈЁ䯈ߎ⠜ҎMichelle Triggs Owenˈᦦ䆒䅵Shirley B. Parkerˈ㒣㧹/кߎ⠜ЏӏIesha D. Turner-Brownˈᷛޚㅵ⧚Џӏ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3202004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
䰙ᔪC®ȩ乎ⳃㅶ⧛ⶺ䆛Ԩ㋐ᣜबȪPMBOKᣜबϞ⠝᪅〔ҏϣᅶ䯚ҏPMIᖬ᜔ҏਭ1983ᑉদ㸽ⱙȩ㘡ϯ䘨ᖌȡᷜޛϣ䅹䆖⡎ࠀਟȪЂ佫Џᇛ乎ⳃㅶ⧛ⶺ䆛Ԩ㋐ভ៥ᷜޛ䖰㸡ћࡿࡰȢң䙸ᯋᓕྠͼҫᖬ᜔ҏਭሆϢᮂഅᮅϣᬎ䖰䖮ϕॴ߰᭜ӋͼᑋЏ乎ⳃㅶ⧛᮷៥ѠᅳⱙᷜޛͼैPMIⱙȩ乎ⳃㅶ⧛䚽䮽ⶺ䆛Ԩ㋐ᣜबȪPMBOK(ᣛफ˅خ䋵⤂DŽᴀ䰘ᔩߚ㒘ᣝ✻㣅᭛ᄫ↡乎ᑣ߫ߎЎljPMBOK(ᣛफNJϝ⠜ⱘ㓪ݭϢߎ⠜ߎ䋵⤂ⱘϾҎDŽҙҙϔӑˈ⫮㟇ӑৡऩᰃ᮴⊩ሑ䗄ljPMBOK(ᣛफNJϝ⠜ᖫᜓ㓪ݭ㗙ⱘ᠔᳝䋵⤂ⱘDŽ䰘ᔩBҟ㒡њϟ߫ৡऩЁԡҎⱘԧ䋵⤂ˈ݇ѢҪӀϾҎljPMBOK(ᣛफNJϝ⠜㓪ݭ乍ⳂЁⱘ䋵⤂㒚㡖ˈৃৠ៥Ӏ㘨㋏DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᛳ䇶᠔᳝䖭ѯҎⱘᬃᣕˈᛳ䇶ҪӀᇍ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㘠Ϯⱘ䋵⤂DŽ£ᣜब 2004 ᮅ乎ⳃ乛ᇑᇤ㒙Ϡ䗅ҏਭᰄ乛ᇑᇤ㒙៥ਭͼᰄ᪅〔ҏ䞢㽖ὗᗊⱙᦥߏ㗚ͼᑋ乎ⳃЂদ乛ᇑԱ⫽ΊCDennis Bolles, PMP 乎ⳃАӐDarrel G. Hubbard, PE 乎ⳃࡄАӐJ. David Blaine, PMP䋽䞤ࠋत䇘ਭTheodore R. Boccuzzi, PMP᭜Ӌⷩかᇤ㒙㒙䭔Elden Jones, PMP䜢㕃ㅶ⧛त䇘ਭDorothy Kangas, PMP៥ᵱᅶᶺᇤ㒙㒙䭔Carol Steuer, PMPḛᶋᇤ㒙㒙䭔Geree Streun, PMP䖜㒙ᇤ㒙㒙䭔Lee Towe, PMP⡎⅟Ѡࡶ䋴䋸ҏ®ȩ乎ⳃㅶ⧛ⶺ䆛Ԩ㋐ᣜबȪ(PMBOKᣜब)Ϟ⠝2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 321
®䰙ᔪC ȩ乎ⳃㅶ⧛ⶺ䆛Ԩ㋐ᣜबȪPMBOKᣜबϞ⠝᪅〔ҏϣᅶ䯚ҏ®ᣜब 2004ᮅ乎ⳃḍᖘ㒙䰹乎ⳃ乛ᇑᇤ㒙ͼϠ߬ҏਭᰄ᪅〔ҏὗᗊⱙᦥߏ㗚ͼ乎ⳃḍᖘ㒙ݚদ䲛Ԩ乛ᇑԱ⫽ΊNigel Blampied, PE, PMPḛᶋᇤ㒙ࡄ㒙䭔J. David Blaine, PMP៥ᵱᅶᶺᇤ㒙ࡄ㒙䭔Andrea Giulio Demaria, PMP᭜Ӌⷩかᇤ㒙ᇤ㒙ࡄ㒙䭔Greg Githens, PMPḛᶋᇤ㒙ࡄ㒙䭔Dana J. Goulston, PMPḛᶋᇤ㒙ࡄ㒙䭔David T. Hulett, PhDⶺ䆛乛පᇤ㒙ࡄ㒙䭔Elden Jones, MSPM, PMP䖜㒙ᇤ㒙ࡄ㒙䭔Carol Rauh, PhD, PMPⶺ䆛乛පᇤ㒙ࡄ㒙䭔Michael J. Schollmeyer, PMP៥ᵱᅶᶺᇤ㒙ࡄ㒙䭔®ᣜब2004ᮅ乎ⳃߛ㒙䰹乎ⳃ乛ᇑᇤ㒙ͼϠ߬ҏਭᰄ᪅〔ҏὗᗊⱙᦥߏ㗚ͼ乎ⳃߛ㒙ݚদ䲛Ԩ乛ᇑԱ⫽ΊW. Clifton Baldwin, PMP㋷ᓪϣղᣜᇑ㒙䭔Barbara Borgmann, PMPⶺ䆛乛ප8サ㒙䭔Kim D. Colenso, PMP, CSQEᴄ䇂∜㓫㒙䭔Earl Glenwright, PE, VEAⶺ䆛乛ප7サ㒙䭔Darrel G. Hubbard, PEⶺ䆛乛ප12サ㒙䭔David T. Hulett, PhD, PMPⶺ䆛乛ප11サ㒙䭔Jim O’Brien, PMPⶺ䆛乛ප6サ㒙䭔Brian Salk, . Ed., PMPⶺ䆛乛ප5サ㒙䭔Geree Streun, PMPⶺ䆛乛ප3ϣ4サ㒙䭔John A. Thoren, Jr., PMP, PhDⶺ䆛乛ප10サ㒙䭔Lee Towe, PMP, MBAⶺ䆛乛ප9サ㒙䭔А㽖᪅〔ҏ䰹ћ乎ⳃ乛ᇑᇤ㒙ȡḍᖘ㒙ϣ乎ⳃߛ㒙៥ਭРͼϠ߬ҏਭᦥհћ䞢㽖ⱙղὗᗊΊSumner Alpert, PMP, CMC Cynthia A. Berg, PMP Bradford Eichhorn, PMP Steve Grey, PhD, PMP David Hillson, PhD, PMP Yan Bello Mendez, PMP Crispin “Kik” Piney, BSc, PMP Massimo Torre, PhD, PMP Cornelis (Kees) Vonk, PMP Linda Westfall, PE, CSQE ®ȩ乎ⳃㅶ⧛ⶺ䆛Ԩ㋐ᣜबȪ(PMBOKᣜब)Ϟ⠝322 2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
®ᣜब2004ᮅ乎ⳃ乛ᇑᇤ㒙៥ਭ®䰹ћϟ䗅߬ܺৢप㗚РͼϠ߬PMBOKᣜब2004ᮅ乎ⳃ⧂ᄥ៥ਭЏ®PMBOKᣜबϞ⠝〔Ӌᦥհћղᓏ䆃ͼ㗚ᦥѹћѠϯভ䇌∗ECRsΊAbdallah Abi-Aad, PMP, . Muhamed Abdomerovic, PMP Adrian Abramovici, PMP Jamie K. Allen, PMP Mark Allyn, PMP Scott C. Anderson, PMP Lionel Andrew, MBA, ISP Russell Archibald, PMP Prabu V. Ayyagari, PhD, PMP Ernest Baker, PMP Pamela M. Baker, PMP Kevin E. Bast, PMP James S. Bennett, PMP Ionut C. Bibac Howland Blackiston Ray Blake, PMP Charles W. Bosler, Jr. Rollin O. Bowen, Jr. Carolyn Boyles, MBA, PMP Wayne R. Brantley, PMP, MS Ed Alex S. Brown, PMP Timothy S. Brown Stephen C. Burgan, PMP Anne Cagle, PMP Dean J. Calabrese, PMP Neil R. Caldwell Giuseppe A. Caruso, PMP Bill Chadick, PMP Clare Chan Porfirio Chen Chang, MBA, PMP Gene Chiappetta, PMP Tomio Chiba, PMP Mark T. Chism, PMP Andy Crowe, PMP Robert L. Cutler, PMP Darren Dalcher, PhD, MAPM Mario Damiani, PMP Pranab Das, PMP Robert de Jong, PMP Connie Delisle John M. Dery, PMP Barbara De Vries, PMP Jerry Dimos, PMP James A. Doanes Capt. Nick Doralp, PMP Magnus Karl Drengwitz, PMP Peter Duignan, PMP Lloyd R. Duke, Jr., PMP Suhas Dutta, PMP Bradford R. Eichhorn, PMP Gary S. Elliott, ., . Gregory William Fabian, PMP Morten Fangel, PhD Martin Christopher Fears, PMP Eve Featherman AnnaMaria Felici Flynn M. Fernandes, PMP, MSPM John C. “Buck” Field, MBA, PMP David Foley, MBA Kirby Fortenberry, PMP CGary W. Fortune, PMP John M. Foster, PMP, MBA Scott D. Freauf, PMP Denis Freeland Ichiro Fujita, PMP John S. Galliano Donald G. Gardner, PMP Stainslaw Gasik Jose A. George, Btech, PGDM Dan Georgopulos Leo , PMP Christopher A. Goetz, PMP Donna Golden Neil P. Goldman, PMP Dr. Margarida Goncalves John C. Goodpasture, PMP Neal S. Gray, PMP Robert J. Gries, PE, PMP Patrick D. Guest, PMP Jinendra Gunathilaka, PE Navneet Gupta, PMP Aaron S. Hall, PMP J. Ray Harwood, PMP Ali Hassan, PMP Ralph Hernandez Pat Hillcoat, PMP Bobby Tsan Fai Ho, PMP, CISM Gopi V. Hombal Keith D. Hornbacher, MBA Kenneth Alan Hudacsko, PMP Clinton in’t Veld Adesh Jain, PMP, MPD Don R. James, PMP Noel C. Jensen, PMP Wei Jing Bruce Johnson, PMP ®ȩ乎ⳃㅶ⧛ⶺ䆛Ԩ㋐ᣜबȪ(PMBOKᣜब)Ϟ⠝2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 323
®䰙ᔪC ȩ乎ⳃㅶ⧛ⶺ䆛Ԩ㋐ᣜबȪPMBOKᣜबϞ⠝᪅〔ҏϣᅶ䯚ҏGranville H. Jones, Sr., MBA, PMP Kevin B. Jones, BMath, PMP Tom Kerr, PMP Ajmal Afzal Khan Asadullah Khan, PMP Lucy Kim, PMP, PE Mihail Kitanovski Jennifer Eileen Kraft Takahiko Kuki, PMP, PE Polisetty . Kumar, Mtech, PMP Avis Kunz Antonio Carlos Laranjo da Silva John S. Layman, PMP Erik D. Lindquist, PMP, PE Elizabeth Ann Long, PMP Raul S. Lopez, PE, PMP Pier Paolo Lo Valvo, PMP Karen Griffin MacNeil, PMP Sajith K. Madapatu, PMP Vijaya Kumar Mani, PMP Enrique Martinez Victor J. Matheron, PMP David L. McPeters, PMP Ed Mechler, PMP Godfrey I. Meertens, PMP Richard Meertens, MBA, PMP Gordon R. Miller, PMP, CCP Liu Min Andrew H. Moore, MBA, PMP Colin Morris, PE, PMP Mhlabaniseni Moses Mitmunye Charles L. Munch, PMP . Keshava Murthy Jo Musto, PMP AnathaKrishnan S. Nallepally, PMP NB Narayanan Vijayalakshimi Neela, MCA, PMP Beatrice Nelson, PMP Brian D. Nelson, PMP Isabella Nizza, PMP Kazuhiko Okubo, PE, PMP David M. Olson, MBA (ITM) Jeffery L. Ottesen, PE Michael T. Ozeranic Laura Dorival Paglione Glen R. Palmer Jerry L. Partridge, PMP George Pasieka, PMP Eric Patel Sreenivasa Rao Potti, MCA, PMP Manohar Powar, PMP Patrick J. Quairoli Ge Qun Vara Prasad Raju Kunada Prem Ranganath, PMP Raju Rao, PMP Ulka Rathi Tony Raymond Vijay Sai Reddy, PMP, CSQA J. Logan C. Rice Steven Ricks, PMP Thad B. Ring, PMP Dee Rizor Susan Rizzi Michael C. Roach Alexandre G. Rodrigues, PhD Cheryl N. Rogers, PMP Scott A. Rose, PMP Ed Rosenstein, PMP Samuel S. Roth, PMP Joseph A. Roushdi Gurdev Roy, PMP Paul S. Royer, PMP James J. Rutushni, PMP Frank Ryle, PMP Anjali Sabharwal, PMP Srinivasa R. Sajja, PMP Nashaat A. Salman, PMP Markus Scheibel, PMP, Dipl.-Ing. John Schmitt, PMP Amy Schneider, PMP Randa Schollmeyer, PMP Andrea R. Scott Benjamin R. Sellers, PMP, CPCM Tufan Sevim, PMP Sanjay Shah, PMP Mundaje S. Shetty, PMP Kazuo Shimizu, PMP Rali Shital Ganga Siebertz Larry Sieck Melvin Silverman, PhD, PE Richard L. Sinatra, PMP, PhD Raghavendra Singh Edward Smith Patricia Smith Richard Spector, PMP Allison St. Jean Donglin Su Sambasivam S., PMP, CSQA Karen Z. Sullivan, PMP Karen Tate, PMP, MBA David E. Taylor, PMP James E. Teer, Jr. Sai K. Thallam, MBA, PMP Surendra Tipparaju, ME Massimo Torre, PhD, PMP Rogerio Carlos Traballi ®ȩ乎ⳃㅶ⧛ⶺ䆛Ԩ㋐ᣜबȪ(PMBOKᣜब)Ϟ⠝324 2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
Rufis A. Turpin, CQA, CSQE Marion J. Tyler, PMP M. Raj Ullagaraj, PhD Eric Uyttewaal, PMP JR Vanden Eynde, PMP Gerrit van Otterdijk, BSc. Mgt Science Thomas G. Van Scoyoc, PMP Paula X. Varas, PMP Ricardo Viana Vargas, MSc, PMP Mark M. Vertin, PE, PMP Craig Veteto, PMP, CPIM Roberto Viale, PMP Eduardo Newton Vieira, PMP Desmond Joseph Vize, PMP Cornelius (Kees) Vonk, PMP J. Wendell Wagner, PMP Thomas M. Walsh, PMP Patrick Weaver, PMP, FAICD Kevin R. Wegryn, PMP, CPM Timothy E. Welker, PMP Gwen Whitman, PMP Tammo T. Wilkens, PE, PMP Alan K. Williams, Sr., PMP Charles M. Williamson, MBA, PMP Stephen D. Wise Robert Wood Thomas Wuttke, PMP, CPM Uma S. Yalamanchili, PMP Angela F. Young, PMP Kathy Zandbergen Eire E. Zimmermann, PMP ᳕㒝ᕖ∗ᛤ㾖〔ᅶ䯚ҏϣ᪅〔ҏ®䰹ћ乎ⳃ⧂ᄥ៥ਭРͼϠ߬ҏເЏPMBOKᣜबϞ⠝ᕖ∗ᛤ㾖〔ᦥߏћᬎ䖰ᓏ䆃Fred Abrams Yassir Afaneh Mohammed Abdulla Al-Kuwari, Eur Ing, Hussain Ali Al-Ansari, Eur Ing, CEng Ceng Frank Anbari William W. Bahnmaier, PMP Alfred Baker B. D. Barnes Jefferson Bastreghi Mohammed Safi Batley, MIM Cynthia A. Berg, PMP Sally Bernstein, PMP Mamoun A. Besaiso, CE J. David Blaine, PMP, CSQE Nigel Blampied, PE, PMP Dennis Bolles, PMP Stephen Bonk Gregory M. Bowen, CSDP David Bradford, PMP James (Jim) P. Branden, MBA, PMP Gary D. Brawley, ., PMP Edgard P. Cerqueira Neto, PhD, PMP Bruce Chadbourne Tomio Chiba, PMP Aaron Coffman, PMP, CQM Kim D. Colenso, PMP, CSQE Edmund H. Conrow, PhD, PMP Helen S. Cooke, PMP CMichael Corish John E. Cormier, PMP John Cornman, PMP, MBA Aloysio da Silva Mario Damiani Arindam Das Allan E. Dean Alfredo del Cano, PE, PhD Juan De La Cruz M. Pilar De La Cruz Ravi Kumar Dikshit, PMP John Downing Daniel Dudek Judith Edwards, PhD, PMP Robert L. Emerson, PMP Alison Evanish Keith Farndale, PEng, PMP Linda Fitzgerald Quentin W. Fleming Scott D. Freauf, PMP Ichiro Fujita, PMP Paul H. Gil, MCP, PMP Jackelen George Mike Griffiths, PMP David R. Haas, PMP, FLMI Robert W. Harding, RA Delbert K. Hardy, PMP Rick Hiett Bob Hillier, PMP Guy N. Hindley, MAPM, MILT Danny N. Hinton, PMP Ho Lee Cheong, PhD, MIMech E J. Brian Hobbs, PhD, PMP Piet Holbrouck, MSc Martin Hopkinson, BSc, APMP Darrel G. Hubbard, PE Grant Jefferson Howard J. Kalinsky, PMP, MPM ®ȩ乎ⳃㅶ⧛ⶺ䆛Ԩ㋐ᣜबȪ(PMBOKᣜब)Ϟ⠝2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 325
®䰙ᔪC ȩ乎ⳃㅶ⧛ⶺ䆛Ԩ㋐ᣜबȪPMBOKᣜबϞ⠝᪅〔ҏϣᅶ䯚ҏConstance Katsanis Roger Kent Takahiko Kuki, PMP, PE Lawrence (Larry) P. Leach, PMP Craig Letavec Ben Linders Pier Paolo Lo Valvo, PMP Mary K. Lofsness Enrique Lopez-Mingueza, PMP Mark Marlin, PMP Stephen S. Mattingly Christopher J. Maughan, CEng, PMP Giuseppe Mauri Yves Mboda, PMP Santosh Kumar Mishra, PMP, CSQA Colin Morris, ., PMP Saradhi Motamarri, MTech, PMP Rita Mulcahy, PMP Jeffrey S. Nielsen, PMP Kazuhiko Okubo, PE, PMP Peter Ostrom, PhD, PMP Ravindranath P S Ravindranath Palahalli Jon Palmquist Nick Palumbo, PMP Anil Peer, ., PMP Francisco Perez-Polo Paul W. Phister, Jr., PhD, PE Crispin (Kik) Piney, BSc, PMP Polisetty . Kumar, MTech, PMP Gurdev Randhawa Raju Rao, PMP Steven F. Ritter, PMP Hans (Ron) Ronhovde, PMP David W. Ross, PMP Robbi Ryan Kyoichi Sato Suzanne Lee Schmidt, PMP Benjamin R. Sellers, PMP, CPCM Tufan Sevim, PMP Kazuo Shimizu, PMP Melvin Silverman Fernando Demattio de O. Simoes, PMP John E. Singley, PhD, PMP Cynthia Snyder, PMP, MBA Antonio Soares Paul Solomon, PMP Michael Stefanovic, ., PMP Juergen Sturany George Sukumar, MSChe, OE Luis Eduardo Torres Calzada, PMP, MBA Dalton L. Valeriano-Alves, . Gary Van Eck Judy Van Meter . Vanden Eynde, PMP Ricardo Vargas Aloysio Vianna, Jr. Dave Violette, MPM, PMP Thomas M. Walsh, PMP William W. Wassel, PE, PMP Patrick Weaver, PMP, FAICD Kevin R. Wegryn, PMP, CPM Linda Westfall, PE, CSQE Allan Wong Clement . Yeung, PMP John Zachar, BSc, APMP Cristine Zerpa Paul Zilmer PMI乎ⳃㅶ⧛ᷜޛ䅶ߧӯਭ乓䯃ᇤ㒙®㓫ݮȩ乎ⳃㅶ⧛ⶺ䆛Ԩ㋐ᣜबȪPMBOKᣜबϞ⠝᳴䯉ͼҺϠҏਭᢚᔨPMIᷜޛ䅶ߧӯਭ乓䯃ᇤ㒙៥ਭΊJulia M. Bednar, PMP Sergio R. Coronado J. Brian Hobbs, PMP Carol Holliday, PMP Thomas Kurihara Asbjorn Rolstadas, PhD Bobbye Underwood, PMP Dave Violette, MPM, PMP ®ȩ乎ⳃㅶ⧛ⶺ䆛Ԩ㋐ᣜबȪ(PMBOKᣜब)Ϟ⠝326 2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ߏ⠝ᎺԱҏਭ乎ⳃㅶ⧛तӯ៥ਭЂ⡎ࠀᑩᔨᦥࠅⱙᰄϠ߬ҏເΊSteven L. FahrenkrogͼPMPͼᷜޛ䚽ᑇѠKristin L. Wrightͼᷜޛ䅶ߧㅶ⧛ਭShari M. Daniel, PMPͼ乎ⳃ㗐䆦АӐDan GoldfischerͼА㓫Patti Harterͼ乎ⳃАӐDavid Parkerͼߏ⠝АӐNatasha Pollardͼ㗐䆦᷶ᇎྩਭӯत䇘ਭRichard E. Schwartzͼ៥ᵱ㓫䕦Barbara Walshͼߏ⠝䅶ߧҏਭ㗐䆦᷶ᇎྩਭӯ៥ਭMr. Alex SiowͼАӐDr. Shaligram PokharelͼࡄАӐ..Chun-Jen ChengͼྩਭTsan Fai HoͼྩਭPan KaoͼྩਭWenzhao LanͼྩਭWei LeeͼྩਭRichard Xu RongͼྩਭFengxiang Song, ., PMPͼྩਭYuyuan (Iris) WangͼPMPͼྩਭFan WuͼྩਭCai Ding ZhengͼྩਭC®ȩ乎ⳃㅶ⧛ⶺ䆛Ԩ㋐ᣜबȪ(PMBOKᣜब)Ϟ⠝2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 327
䰘ᔩDᑨ⫼乚ඳᠽሩᑨ⫼乚ඳᠽሩⱘᖙ㽕ᗻᔧϔϾᑨ⫼乚ඳЁⱘᶤϔ㉏ൟ乍Ⳃ᳝᱂䘡ফⱘⶹ䆚خ⊩ˈ㗠䖭ѯⶹ䆚خ⊩জϡ㹿᭄ᑨ⫼乚ඳЁ᠔᳝ⱘ乍Ⳃ㉏ൟ᠔᱂䘡ফᯊˈህ᳝ᖙ㽕ࠊᅮᑨ⫼乚ඳᠽሩDŽᑨ⫼乚ඳᠽሩড˖x乍Ⳃ⦃๗Ё⣀⡍ϡᇏᐌⱘᮍ䴶ˈЎњ᳝ᬜഄㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᑊᦤ催݊ᬜ⥛ˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᖙ乏ᇍП᳝᠔њ㾷˗xᐌ䆚ᐌ⫼ⱘخ⊩ˈϔᮺ䙉ᕾˈህӮᦤ催乍Ⳃⱘᬜ⥛Ϣᬜᵰ˄՟བˈᷛޚⱘᎹߚ㾷㸼˅DŽᑨ⫼乚ඳ㗠ᓖⱘⶹ䆚خ⊩ৃ⾡㋴㗠ѻ⫳ˈ݊ЁࣙᣀˈԚϡ䰤Ѣˈ᭛࣪㾘㣗ǃᡔᴃᴃ䇁ǃ⼒Ӯᕅડ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳⱘᏂᓖDŽ՟བ˖xᓎㄥϮЁˈТ᠔᳝ⱘᎹ䛑ᰃᣝ✻ড়ৠᅠ៤ⱘˈϢ䞛䌁᳝݇ⱘᶤѯᐌ䆚خ⊩ϡ㾕ᕫ䗖⫼Ѣ᠔᳝㉏ൟⱘ乍ⳂDŽx⫳ੑ⾥ᄺЁ᳝ѯ⬅⊩㾘⦃๗އᅮⱘᐌ䆚خ⊩ϡ㾕ᕫ䗖⫼Ѣ᠔᳝㉏ൟⱘ乍ⳂDŽxᬓᑰথࣙЁ⬅ᬓᑰ䞛䌁ᴵ՟އᅮⱘϔѯᐌ䆚خ⊩ϡ㾕ᕫ䗖⫼Ѣ᠔᳝㉏ൟⱘ乍ⳂDŽDx䆶᳡ࡵЁˈ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ⱘ䫔ଂ㧹䫔㘠䋷㗠ᔶ៤ⱘϔѯᐌ䆚خ⊩ϡ㾕ᕫ䗖⫼Ѣ᠔᳝㉏ൟⱘ乍ⳂDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 329
䰘ᔩD ᑨ⫼乚ඳᠽሩᑨ⫼乚ඳᠽሩᰃ˖xᇍ1ゴࠄ12ゴⱘḌᖗݙᆍⱘ㸹ܙˈ㗠䴲পҷDŽx䞛⫼ৠᴀ᭛ӊ㉏Ԑⱘᮍᓣ㓪ᥦˈेᣛߎ䆹ᑨ⫼乚ඳЁ᠔⡍᳝ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛ᑊࡴҹ䇈ᯢDŽxЎḌᖗᴤ᭭⏏ࡴⱘ⣀⡍ݙᆍˈ՟བ˖iᣛߎᮄⱘ㒣ׂᬍⱘ䖛DŽi⦄᳝䖛ⱘ䖯ϔℹߦߚDŽi䇈ᯢ䖛ⱘϡৠ乎ᑣ㗙ϡৠⱘⳌѦᕅડDŽiࡴᮄⱘ៤ӑˈׂᬍᐌ㾕ⱘ䖛ᅮНDŽiЎ⦄᳝Ͼ䖛ᦤߎ⡍⅞ⱘձǃᎹϢᡔᴃˈҹঞ៤ᵰDŽᑨ⫼乚ඳᠽሩᑊ䴲˖xĀ⭥䲒㾷ㄨā᭛ӊ㗙Āᅲ䏉ᣛफā—ℸ㉏᭛ӊ䆌Ў乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮⱘᷛޚথ㸠ˈԚᑊ䴲ĀᠽሩāDŽx䆺㒚ᑺሲѢᴀ᭛ӊሖПϟⱘ㒚ⱘ㒚㡖—ℸሖⱘ㒚㡖ৃݠᣛफЁ䅼䆎ˈᑊ䆌Ў乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮⱘᷛޚথ㸠ˈԚᑊ䴲ĀᠽሩāDŽࠊᅮᑨ⫼乚ඳᠽሩⱘᷛޚϟ߫ᚙމϟᇚࠊᅮᑨ⫼乚ඳᠽሩ˖xᄬ᳝Ⳍᔧᑺⱘˈሲ乍Ⳃ㉏ⱘˈϨ䆹ᑨ⫼乚ඳ⡍᳝㗙Т⡍᳝ⱘⶹ䆚ԧ㋏DŽxᄬᶤϾᯢ⹂ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚ˄՟བˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮԧ䯂乬ⷨおᇣ㒘ǃᄺ᷵ˈ㗙乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮߚӮ˅㗙ᶤϾᯢ⹂ⱘ䚼㒘㒛ˈᜓᛣᑊ㛑ᡩܹᖙ㽕ⱘ䌘⑤䌲ࡽϢᬃᣕ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚ䅵ߦˈᑊ䋳䋷ԧ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚࠊᅮϢ㓈ᡸDŽ৺߭䆹ᑨ⫼乚ඳᠽሩৃ⬅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ㞾Ꮕᅠ៤DŽxᦤߎⱘᑨ⫼乚ඳᠽሩ㛑ڣ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ݊Ҫӏԩᷛޚϔḋ䗮䖛ৠḋϹḐⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚࠊᅮᑣDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3302004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ᑨ⫼乚ඳᠽሩⱘߎ⠜ϢḐᓣᑨ⫼乚ඳᠽሩ⬅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮࠊᅮ/ߎ⠜ˈ㗙⬅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮⱘᶤϾ㒘៤䚼ߚৠ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮㅒᅮℷᓣण䆂ⱘ䚼㒘㒛ࠊᅮ/ߎ⠜DŽxᠽሩⱘ亢Ḑݙᆍ㽕ৠᴀ᭛ӊϔ㟈DŽᠽሩᴤ᭭Փ⫼ᴀ᭛ӊⱘ↉㨑Ϣᇣ↉㨑㓪োDŽxᴀ᭛ӊЁᠽሩゴ㡖↉㨑ϡᠽሩЁ䞡DŽxᠽሩЁࣙᇍᠽሩঞ݊ᴤ᭭ⱘᖙ㽕ᗻⱘߚᵤ/䇈ᯢDŽxᠽሩᑨ䇈ᯢ݊ϡ䗖⫼ⱘ㣗ೈDŽᑨ⫼乚ඳᠽሩࠊᅮϢ㓈ᡸⱘᑣᣝ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚࠊᅮ䖛㦋ᕫᡍޚৢˈᑨ⫼乚ඳᠽሩህ៤Ў乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚDŽ䖭ѯᷛޚᇚᣝ✻ϟ䴶䇈ᯢⱘ䖛ࠊᅮ㓈ᡸDŽxᠽሩᖙ乏⬅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮℷᓣ⊼ݠⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ㒘៤䚼ߚ˄՟བˈԧ䯂乬ⷨおᇣ㒘ǃᄺ᷵ˈ㗙ߚӮ˅㗙㒣䖛乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚ䅵ߦӮਬ乒䯂ᇣ㒘Ϣ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚЏӏᡍޚⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮПⱘ㒘㒛ЏᣕDŽϢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ݅ৠЏᣕᰃ᳔དⱘᅝᥦDŽ᠔᳝ⱘᡍޚ㓁䛑㽕⬅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮϢЏᣕᅲԧㅒ䅶к䴶ण䆂кˈण䆂к㟇ᇥᑨࣙᣀঠᮍህ䆹ᠽሩⱘⶹ䆚ѻᴗߎ⠜ᴗ᠔䖒៤ⱘण䆂DŽxᠽሩⱘࠊᅮǃߎ⠜㓈ᡸ乍Ⳃᖙ乏⬅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚ䅵ߦᡍޚDŽᠽሩⱘᦤߎǃࠊᅮ㓈ᡸᖙ乏ᕫࠄ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮⱘ䆌ৃˈᑊܹ߫ঠᮍᮍ䖒៤ⱘण䆂ПЁDŽབᵰ≵᳝݊ҪЏᣕ㒘㒛ˈ߭乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚ䅵ߦৃऩ⣀ᡓᢙDŽxᭈϾࠊᅮ㓈ᡸ䖛ЁˈЏᣕᇣ㒘ᑨ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚ䅵ߦӮਬ乒䯂ᇣ㒘乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚЏӏ∛ˈᕕ∖ᛣ㾕ˈѝপᬃᣕDŽҪӀᇚህ䆹Џᣕ㒘㒛ᰃ৺䗖ড়Ѣ᠔ᓎ䆂ⱘᠽሩথ㸼ᛣ㾕ˈᑊ݊ࠊᅮ䖛Ё䖯㸠ᅵ䯙ˈ⹂ᅮᅗϢ݊Ҫৃ㛑ℷ䖯㸠ⱘ㉏Ԑ乍Ⳃ᳝᮴ކさ䞡П໘DŽD®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 331
䰘ᔩD ᑨ⫼乚ඳᠽሩxЏᣕᇣ㒘ᇚᦤߎϔӑࠊᅮᠽሩⱘᓎ䆂кDŽᓎ䆂кᇚ䇈ᯢ䆹乍Ⳃⱘড়⧚ᗻˈᑊ߫ߎᑨ⫼乚ඳⱘ⡍᳝䖛ᴀ᭛ӊফᕅડゴ㡖ⱘⶽ䰉㸼DŽᓎ䆂к䖬ᑨ䇈ᯢֱ䆕᳝䎇ⱘড়Ḑⱘ䍋㤝Ϣᅵ䯙Ҏਬ˗ᦤߎ᠔䳔䌘䞥᭄乱ˈࣙᣀॄǃ䚂ᆘǃ⬉䆱ᓔᬃǃ⬉㛥ᥦ⠜䌍⫼ㄝㄝ˗ᣝ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᑣ㾘ᅮ䖯㸠乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚᠽሩࠊᅮϢ㓈ᡸⱘֱ䆕˗ҹঞᠽሩࠊᅮ㓈ᡸⱘ䅵ߦϢ䖯ᑺDŽxᓎ䆂к䗮䖛Пৢˈ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᑨ䍋㤝ϔӑ乍Ⳃゴˈ䇋Џᣕᇣ㒘乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚ䅵ߦ⧁ᄤᡍޚDŽゴᑨࣙᣀ䌘䞥ᴹ⑤ˈҹঞᓎ䆂⬅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᦤկⱘ䌘䞥᭄乱DŽ䆹ゴ䖬ᑨ᳝ᇍᠽሩᅮᳳᅵ䆂ˈᑊ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᷛޚ䅵ߦ⧁ᄤᦤѸਞⱘ㽕∖ˈҹঞϔӑ㾘ᅮԩᯊϢԩ⾡ᴵӊϟذℶ݊Ў⦄㸠乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚഄԡⱘĀ㨑᮹ᴵℒā˄ेĀ㞾㸠ᑳℶᴵℒāü䆥㗙⊼˅DŽxᓎ䆂кᑨᣝ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚࠊᅮ䖛ᦤѸ㒭乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚЏӏDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚЏӏᇚއᅮᰃ৺㛑ᣝ䆹ᓎ䆂кᅠ៤ϔӑ⒵䎇乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚ㽕∖ⱘ᭛ӊˈҹঞᰃ৺䇈ᯢњ䎇ⱘ䌘⑤ᡔᴃᬃᣕDŽЎњߎϞ䗄އᅮˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚЏӏᇚ䇋乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚ䅵ߦӮਬ乒䯂ᇣ㒘ᅵ䯙ᑊᦤߎᛣ㾕ˈᖙ㽕ᯊˈ䖬ᇚ䙔䇋খϢᠽሩᎹⱘϧᆊᇣ㒘ᅵ䯙ᑊᦤߎᛣ㾕DŽx乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚЏӏᇚ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚ䅵ߦӮਬ乒䯂ᇣ㒘ⱘᬃᣕϟˈⲥⴷϢᬃᣕᏆ㦋ᡍޚⱘ乍ⳂⱘᅲᮑDŽxЏᣕ㒘㒛ᇚᣝ᠔ᡍޚⱘ乍ⳂゴࠊᅮᠽሩˈࣙᣀϢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚ䅵ߦ⧁ᄤण䇗䜡ড়ˈপᕫৢ㗙ⱘᬃᣕǃᅵ䯙䆘䆎DŽxᠽሩᅠ៤ˈϨՓЏᣕ㒘㒛ᛳࠄ⒵ᛣᯊˈৃᇚ݊ᦤѸ㒭乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚЏӏDŽ䆹Џӏᣝ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚࠊᅮ䖛পᕫ᳔ৢᡍޚˈᑊᅝᥦߎ⠜џ乍DŽ᳔ৢѸ〓ᯊˈЏᣕ㒘㒛ᇚ߫ߎᅗᇍ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᠽሩⱘ㓈ᡸ䖛ޚߎⱘࡾˈᑊᇍℸخߎᡓ䇎DŽxᠽሩᡍޚЎ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᷛޚПৢˈЏᣕ㒘㒛ᇚᣝᡍޚⱘ䅵ߦᅲᮑᠽሩⱘ㓈ᡸ䖛DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3322004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
䰘ᔩE乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䌘᭭݊Ҫᴹ⑤乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᰃ໘Ѣ៤䭓ПЁⱘ⫳ᴎⱘ乚ඳDŽ㒣ᐌ᳝Ϣℸ᳝݇ⱘк㈡᭛ゴᯊߎ⠜থ㸼DŽᇍѢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᗔ᳝݈䍷ⱘҎˈϟ߫ᅲԧ᠔ᦤկⱘѻક᳡ࡵ䆌᳝⫼DŽϧϮϢᡔᴃ㒘㒛ᴀ᭛ӊᰃ⬅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ㓪ݭᑊߎ⠜ⱘDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ㘨㋏ഄഔབϟ˖Project Management Institute Four Campus Boulevard Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA ⬉䆱˖+1-610/356-4600Ӵⳳ˖+1-610/356-4647Email: pmihq@ Internet: 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮⳂࠡϢϟ߫㒘㒛᳝ড়ण䆂˖䰙៤ᴀᎹ֗䖯Ӯ˄AACE International˅⬉䆱˖+1-304-296-8444 Ӵⳳ˖+1-304-291-5728 㽓⧁⠭Ꮉ乍ⳂणӮ˄AEIPRO˅E⬉䆱˖+3476-976-761-910Ӵⳳ˖+347-6976-761861 ▇߽Ѯ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ˄AIPM˅⬉䆱˖+61-2-9252-7277 Ӵⳳ˖+61-2-9252-7077 䶽ᓎ䆒Ϣ㒣⌢ⷨお᠔˄CERIK˅⬉䆱˖+822-3441-0801 Ӵⳳ˖+822-544-6234 䰆㋏㒳ㅵ⧚ᄺ䰶᷵টӮ˄DSMCAA˅⬉䆱˖+1-703-960-6802 Ӵⳳ˖+1-703-960-6807 ᮹ᴀᎹ֗䖯णӮ˄ENAA˅⬉䆱˖+81-4-5682-8071 Ӵⳳ˖+81-4-5682-8710 ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 333
䰘ᔩE 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䌘᭭݊Ҫᴹ⑤⠅ᇨ݄乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ˄IPM-Ireland˅⬉䆱˖+353-1-661-4677Ӵⳳ˖+353-1-661-3588䰙乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ˄IPMA˅⬉䆱˖+44-1594-531-007 Ӵⳳ˖+44-1594-531-008 䶽乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ϢᡔᴃणӮ˄PROMAT˅⬉䆱˖+822-523-16446Ӵⳳ˖+822-523-1680 ܼড়ৠㅵ⧚णӮ˄NCMA˅⬉䆱˖+703-448-9231Ӵⳳ˖+703-448-0939࣫ᮍ㔥㒰ᆊणӮ˄Ѝ呺ǃ㢀݄ǃބቯǃ࿕Ϣ⨲˅Ӵⳳ˖+468-719-9316ॄᑺ䰙乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㘨ⲳ˄PMA-India˅⬉䆱˖+91-11-852-6673 Ӵⳳ˖+91-11-646-4481 ᮃ⋯Ӥܟ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ˄SPPR˅⬉䆱˖+421-805-599-1806Ӵⳳ˖+421-805-599-1-818फ䴲乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ⬉䆱˖+2711-706-6813 Ӵⳳ˖+2711-706-6813 ༹ഄ߽乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ⬉䆱˖+43-1-319-29-210Ӵⳳ˖+43-1-319-29-21-29 ֘㔫ᮃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ˄SOVNET˅⬉䆱˖+7-095-215-37-18Ӵⳳ˖+7-095-215-37-18 ᮃ⋯᭛ሐѮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ˄ZPM˅⬉䆱˖+61-1767-134 Ӵⳳ˖+61-217-341 Рܟ݄乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ˄UPMA˅⬉䆱˖+38-044-459-3464 or +38-044-241-5400 ℸˈ᳝݇乚ඳⱘ䆌݊Ҫ㒘㒛ˈг᳝ৃ㛑ᦤկৠ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚᳝݇ⱘ݊ҪֵᙃDŽ՟བ˖ㅵ⧚ⷨお䰶˄Academy of Management˅㕢ㅵ⧚णӮ䰙㒘㒛˄American Management Association International˅㕢䋼䞣ࠊणӮ˄American Society for Quality Control˅ᓎㄥϮⷨお䰶˄Construction Industry Institute˅㕢ᮑᎹㅵ⧚णӮ˄Construction Management Association of America (CMAA)˅⬉⇨Ϣ⬉ᄤᎹᏜणӮI˄nstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)˅ᎹϮᎹᏜणӮ˄Institute of Industrial Engineers (IIE)˅䰙㋏㒳ᎹྨਬӮI˄nternational Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE)˅ܼ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚णӮ˄National Association for Purchasing Management˅ܼড়ৠㅵ⧚णӮ˄National Contract Management Association˅®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3342004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
Ҏ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚णӮ˄Society for Human Resource Management˅㕢ೳᎹᏜणӮ˄American Society of Civil Engineers˅݇ѢϪ⬠ഄⱘ䖭ѯҹঞ݊ҪϧϮϢᡔᴃ㒘㒛Ⳃࠡ㘨㋏Ҏⱘֵᙃϔ㠀䛑ৃҹInternetϞᡒࠄDŽଚϮߎ⠜⼒乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚к㈡ⱘ᳔ߎ⠜㗙DŽ䆌ଚϮߎ⠜⼒ߎ⠜乍Ⳃㅵ⧚᳝݇乚ඳⱘк㈡DŽᅮᳳߎ⠜䖭㉏䌘᭭ⱘଚϮߎ⠜ऩԡࣙᣀ˖Addison-Wesleyߎ⠜⼒AMACOMߎ⠜⼒Gower Pressߎ⠜⼒John Wiley & Sons⠊ᄤߎ⠜⼒Marcel Dekkerߎ⠜⼒McGraw-Hillߎ⠜⼒Prentice-Hallߎ⠜⼒Probusߎ⠜⼒Van Nostrand Reinholdߎ⠜⼒䖭ѯߎ⠜⼒᠔ߎ⠜ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚к㈡䚼ߚ䛑ৃҢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮфࠄDŽ⬅䖭ѯߎ⠜⼒ߎ⠜ⱘ䆌к㈡䛑䰘᳝㣗ೈ⫮ᑓⱘখ㗗кⳂ㤤䇏⠽⏙ऩDŽѻકϢ᳡ࡵկᑨଚЎ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ϧϮᦤկ䕃ӊǃ䆁ǃ䆶݊ҪѻકϢ᳡ࡵⱘ݀ৌᕔᕔᦤկϧ㨫䞡ॄᴀDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ⊼ݠᬭ㚆կᑨऩԡ˄˅䅵ߦᡞ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙䆁㒘㒛ҎਬϢড়Ḑⱘᬭ㚆ᦤկҎਬѻકП䯈ⱘ㘨㋏ˈࡼњ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮӮਬǃ乍Ⳃㅵ®⧚ϧϮҎਬ˄PMP˅ˈҹঞ݊Ҫ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ䭓ᳳϧϮݏ⌏ࡼDŽᆊ⊼ݠᬭ㚆ᦤկ㗙˄˅ঞ݊᠔ᦤկⱘ᳝݇ѻકϢ᳡ࡵⱘֵᙃৃҢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚णӮ㔥キϞ㦋পˈԧⱘ䌘⑤䫒ഄഔЎ˖ Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 335
䰘ᔩF乍Ⳃⶹ䆚乚ඳᨬ㽕 乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚ 乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚ࣙᣀ䆚߿ǃ⹂ᅮǃ㒧ড়ǃ㒳ϔϢण䇗乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘ݙ⾡ḋ䖛Ϣ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⌏ࡼᯊ䳔㽕䖯㸠ⱘ⾡䖛⌏ࡼDŽҢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ㾦ᑺᴹⳟˈ“ᭈԧㅵ⧚”ݐ᳝㒳ϔǃড়ᑊǃ㒧ড়ⱘᮍ䴶⡍ᕕˈᑊϨࣙᣀЎњᅠ៤乍Ⳃˈ⒵䎇乒ᅶϢ݊Ҫ߽ᆇⳌ݇㗙ⱘ㽕∖ˈㅵ⧚ҪӀⱘᳳᳯ㗠ᖙ乏䞛পⱘ䌃こ乍Ⳃᭈԧⱘ㟇݇䞡㽕ⱘ㸠ࡼDŽ乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚Ͼ䖛ࣙᣀ˖xࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴ–ࠊᅮℷᓣḌޚ乍Ⳃⱘ乍ⳂゴDŽxࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк–ࠊᅮҢ催ሖ䇈ᯢ㣗ೈⱘ乍Ⳃ߱ℹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкDŽxࠊᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ–ᇚ⹂ᅮǃ㓪ݭǃण䇗Ϣ㒘ড়᠔᳝䚼ߚ䅵ߦ᠔䳔㽕ⱘ㸠ࡼᔶ៤᭛ӊˈՓ݊៤Ў乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦDŽxᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᠻ㸠–ᠻ㸠乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ᠔⹂ᅮⱘᎹˈᅲ⦄乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкᯢ⹂ⱘ乍Ⳃ㽕∖DŽxⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ乍ⳂᎹ–ⲥ㾚ࠊਃࡼǃ㾘ߦǃᠻ㸠㒧ᴳ乍Ⳃ᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘϾ䖛ҹ֓⒵䎇乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁ⹂ᅮⱘᅲᮑⳂᷛDŽxᭈԧবࠊ–ᅵᶹ᠔᳝ⱘব䇋∖ˈᡍޚবᑊࠊৃѸҬ៤ᵰ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻDŽx乍Ⳃ㒧ሒ–᳔㒜ᅠ៤᠔᳝乍Ⳃ䖛㒘ⱘ᠔᳝⌏ࡼˈℷᓣ㒧ᴳ乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃ䰊↉DŽF®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 337
䰘ᔩ F 乍Ⳃⶹ䆚乚ඳᨬ㽕乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚ 乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚ᰃ⹂ֱ乍Ⳃࣙᣀ៤ࡳᅠ៤乍Ⳃ᠔䳔ⱘܼ䚼ᎹˈԚজাࣙᣀᖙ乏ᅠ៤ⱘᎹⱘϾ䖛DŽᅗЏ㽕݇ᖗⱘᰃ⹂ᅮϢࠊાѯᑨ䆹Ϣાѯϡᑨ䆹ࣙᣀ乍ⳂПݙDŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䖛ࣙᣀ˖x㣗ೈ㾘ߦ–ࠊ䅶乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦˈ䆄䕑བԩ⹂ᅮǃḌᅲϢࠊ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈˈҹঞབԩࠊᅮϢᅮНᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄WBS˅DŽx㣗ೈᅮН–ࠊᅮ䆺㒚ⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкˈЎᇚᴹ乍ⳂއㄪⱘḍDŽxࠊᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ–ᇚ乍ⳂⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰϢ乍ⳂᎹߦߚЎ䕗ᇣˈᯧㅵ⧚ⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽx㣗ೈḌᅲ–ℷᓣ偠ᬊᏆ㒣ᅠ៤ⱘ乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰDŽx㣗ೈࠊ–ࠊ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘবDŽ乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚ 乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚ࣙᣀՓ乍Ⳃᣝᯊᅠ៤ᖙ乏䖯㸠ⱘ乍䖛DŽ乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚ࣙᣀⱘ䖛བϟ˖x⌏ࡼᅮН–⹂ᅮЎѻ⫳乍Ⳃ⾡ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ㗠ᖙ乏䖯㸠ⱘԧ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼDŽx⌏ࡼᥦᑣ–⹂ᅮ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼП䯈ⱘձᄬ݇㋏ˈᑊᔶ៤᭛ӊDŽx⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ–Ԅㅫᅠ៤䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ᠔䳔䌘⑤ⱘ⾡㉏Ϣ᭄䞣DŽx⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ–Ԅㅫᅠ៤䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ᠔䳔Ꮉᯊऩԡ᭄DŽxࠊ䅶䖯ᑺ㸼–ߚᵤ⌏ࡼ乎ᑣǃ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ǃ䌘⑤㽕∖ˈҹঞ䖯ᑺࠊ㑺㋴ˈ㗠ࠊ䅶乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼DŽx䖯ᑺࠊ–ࠊ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼বDŽ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚ 乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚ࣙᣀЎњ乍Ⳃᡍޚⱘ乘ㅫݙᅠ៤㗠ᇍ䌍⫼䖯㸠㾘ߦǃԄㅫǃ乘ㅫࠊⱘϾ䖛DŽ乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚ࣙᣀབϟϾ䖛˖x䌍⫼Ԅㅫ–Ԅㅫᅠ៤乍Ⳃ乍⌏ࡼ᠔䳔䌘⑤ⱘ䌍⫼䖥ԐؐDŽx䌍⫼乘ㅫ–∛ᘏऩϾ⌏ࡼᎹ㒚ⳂⱘԄㅫ䌍⫼ˈ⹂ᅮϔϾ䌍⫼ޚDŽx䌍⫼ࠊ–ᇍ䗴៤䌍⫼أᏂⱘ㋴ᮑࡴᕅડˈᑊࠊ乍Ⳃ乘ㅫⱘবDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3382004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚ 乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚ࣙᣀᅲᮑ㒘㒛Ўњ⒵䎇乍Ⳃᑨᔧ⒵䎇ⱘ䳔㽕㗠⹂ᅮ䋼䞣ᮍ䩜ǃⳂᷛϢ䋷ӏⱘ䖛Ϣ⌏ࡼDŽ乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䗮䖛ᮍ䩜Ϣᑣˈҹঞ㞾ྟ㟇㒜䖲㓁ϡᮁⱘ䖛ᬍ䖯⌏ࡼᅲᮑ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚DŽ乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚ࣙᣀབϟϾ䖛˖x䋼䞣㾘ߦ–ᯢ⹂ાѯ䋼䞣ᷛޚ䗖⫼Ѣᴀ乍Ⳃᑊ⹂ᅮᑨབԩ䖒ࠄ䖭ѯ䋼䞣ᷛޚDŽxᅲᮑ䋼䞣ֱ䆕–ᓔሩ㒣䖛㾘ߦˈ㋏㒳ⱘ䋼䞣⌏ࡼˈ⹂ֱ乍ⳂՓ⫼Ў⒵䎇㽕∖㗠䳔㽕ⱘ᠔᳝䖛DŽxᅲᮑ䋼䞣ࠊ–ⲥ㾚ԧⱘ乍Ⳃ㒧ᵰˈ߸ᮁ䖭ѯ㒧ᵰᰃ৺ヺড়᳝݇ⱘ䋼䞣ᷛޚˈᑊ䆚߿䗖ᔧⱘᮍᓣ⍜䰸䗴៤ᅲᮑ㒧ᵰϡҸҎ⒵ᛣⱘॳDŽ乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚ 乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚ࣙᣀ㒘㒛Ϣㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤⱘϾ䖛DŽ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ⬅ߚ⌒њᅠ៤乍Ⳃⱘ㾦㡆Ϣ䋷ӏⱘҎ㒘៤DŽ㱑✊ᑇᐌ䇈ᰃߚ⌒њ㾦㡆Ϣ䋷ӏˈԚ⧁ᄤ៤ਬᑨᔧখϢ乍Ⳃ㾘ߦϢއㄪⱘ䚼ߚᎹDŽ⧁ᄤ៤ਬሑᮽখϢ㾘ߦ䖛᳝߽Ѣࡴ㒣偠ˈࡴᔎᇍ乍Ⳃⱘ䋷ӏᖗϢᡩܹDŽ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ៤ਬⱘ㉏ൟϢҎ᭄䱣ⴔ乍Ⳃⱘ䖯ሩ㒣ᐌᬍবDŽ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ៤ਬৃҹ⿄Ў乍ⳂҎਬDŽ乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚⬅ϟ䴶ⱘ䖛㒘៤˖xҎ䌘⑤㾘ߦ–ᯢ⹂ǃ䆄䕑ᑊߚ⌒乍Ⳃⱘ㾦㡆ǃ䋷ӏѦⳌ䗮ⱘ݇㋏ˈᑊࠊᅮҎਬ䜡ㅵ⧚䅵ߦDŽx㒘ᓎ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ–পᕫᅠ៤乍Ⳃ᠔䳔㽕ⱘҎ䌘⑤DŽx乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤᓎ䆒–ᦤ催⧁ᄤ៤ਬϾҎⱘ㛑ˈᬍ៤ਬП䯈ⱘড়Ϣ䜡ড়ˈҹ֓ᔎ乍ⳂⱘᅲᮑᬜᵰDŽxㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ–䎳䏾⧁ᄤ៤ਬⱘ㸼⦄ˈᦤկড作ˈ㾷އ䯂乬ˈᑊण䇗⾡বࡼˈҹ֓ᔎ乍ⳂⱘᅲᮑᬜᵰDŽF®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 339
䰘ᔩ F 乍Ⳃⶹ䆚乚ඳᨬ㽕乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚ 乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚ࣙᣀ⹂ֱ乍Ⳃֵᙃঞᯊǃᙄᔧഄ⫳៤ǃᬊ䲚ǃߚথǃᄬټǃẔ㋶ˈҹঞ᳔㒜໘㕂᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘϾ䖛DŽ乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚䖛ᰃҎਬϢֵᙃП䯈ⱘᖙϡৃᇥⱘ㘨㋏ˈ৺߭ህ᮴⊩ᅲ⦄៤ࡳⱘ≳䗮DŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚㢅ৠ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤǃ߽ᆇⳌ݇㗙ǃ乒ᅶϢ䌲ࡽҎ䖯㸠≳䗮Ϟⱘᯊ䯈㒣ᐌ䲒ҹ䅵ㅫDŽখϢ乍Ⳃⱘ↣ϔϾҎ䛑ᑨᔧᯢⱑˈ≳䗮ᰃབԩᕅડ乍ⳂᭈԧⱘDŽ乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚䖛ࣙᣀ˖x≳䗮㾘ߦ–⹂ᅮ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇⳌ݇㗙ⱘֵᙃϢ≳䗮䳔㽕DŽxֵᙃߚথ–Ў乍Ⳃ߽ᆇⳌ݇㗙ঞᯊഄᦤկҪӀ᠔䳔㽕ⱘֵᙃDŽx䖯ሩਞ–ᬊ䲚Ϣߚথᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃˈࣙᣀ⢊ᗕਞǃ䖯ሩ⌟䞣Ϣ乘⌟DŽxㅵ⧚߽ᆇⳌ݇㗙–ᇍ≳䗮䖯㸠ㅵ⧚ˈ⒵䎇乍Ⳃ߽ᆇⳌ݇㗙ⱘ㽕∖ˈ㾷އҪӀᦤߎⱘ䯂乬DŽ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ 乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ࣙᣀⱘ䖛᳝ᇍ乍Ⳃ䖯㸠ⱘ亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦǃ亢䰽䆚߿ǃ亢䰽ߚᵤǃ亢䰽ᑨᇍϢࠊDŽ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ⱘⳂᷛᰃᦤ催᳝߽Ѣᅲ⦄乍ⳂⳂᷛⱘџӊথ⫳ὖ⥛ᑊᔎ݊ৢᵰˈ䰡Ԣϡ߽Ѣᅲ⦄乍ⳂⳂᷛⱘџӊথ⫳ὖ⥛ᑊޣ䕏݊ৢᵰDŽ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ࣙᣀབϟ䖛˖x亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ–އᅮབԩᇍᕙǃ㾘ߦᓔሩ乍Ⳃⱘ亢䰽ㅵ⧚⌏ࡼDŽx亢䰽䆚߿–ᯢ⹂᳝ાѯ亢䰽Ӯᕅડࠄᴀ乍Ⳃˈᑊ䆄䕑䖭ѯ亢䰽ⱘ乍⡍ᕕDŽxᅮᗻ亢䰽ߚᵤ–Ԅ䅵亢䰽থ⫳ⱘὖ⥛䗴៤ⱘৢᵰᑊᇚ݊㒧ড়䍋ᴹˈ⹂ᅮ亢䰽ⱘ䞡㽕ᗻᇣ乎ᑣˈҹ֓ҹৢ䖯ϔℹߚᵤ䞛প㸠ࡼDŽxᅮ䞣亢䰽ߚᵤ–᭄ؐϞߚᵤᏆ䆚߿亢䰽ᇍ乍ⳂᘏԧⳂᷛⱘᕅડᇣDŽx亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ–ᇍѢЎ乍ⳂⳂᷛᏺᴹᴎӮ䗴៤࿕㚕ⱘ亢䰽ᦤߎࠊᅮৃկ䗝ᢽⱘᮍḜϢ㸠ࡼDŽx亢䰽ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ–ᭈϾ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳ㞾ྟ㟇㒜䎳䏾Ꮖ䆚߿ⱘ亢䰽ˈⲥ㾚⅟ԭ亢䰽ˈ䆚߿ᮄ亢䰽ˈᠻ㸠亢䰽ᑨᇍ䅵ߦᑊ䆘Ӌ᳝݊ᬜᗻDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3402004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚ 乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚ࣙᣀЎњᅠ៤乍ⳂᎹ㗠Ң乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ䚼䌁ф㦋প᠔䳔ѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰⱘϾ䖛DŽ䖭ϔゴҟ㒡њ䞛䌁ⱘϸϾᮍ䴶DŽ㒘㒛᮶ৃҹᰃѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰфपড়ৠⱘфЏˈгৃҹᰃपЏDŽ乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚ࣙᣀㅵ⧚ড়ৠ⬅ফᴗⱘ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ៤ਬᦤߎⱘ䞛䌁䅶ऩ᠔䳔㽕ⱘড়ৠㅵ⧚Ϣবࠊ䖛DŽ乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䖬ࣙᣀㅵ⧚⬅Ңᴀᅲᮑ㒘㒛˄पЏ˅㦋পᴀ乍Ⳃⱘᶤ䚼㒘㒛˄фЏ˅᠔থߎⱘӏԩড়ৠˈᑊㅵ⧚䆹ড়ৠЎ乍Ⳃ⧁ᄤ㾘ᅮⱘড়ৠНࡵDŽ乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䖛ࣙᣀ˖x䞛䌁Ϣ㦋প㾘ߦ–⹂ᅮ䌁ф㦋পԩ⠽ˈҹঞԩᯊҹԩ⾡ᮍᓣ䌁ф㦋পDŽxথࣙ㾘ߦ–ᇚѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰ㽕∖ᔶ៤᭛ӊᑊ䆚߿┰ⱘपЏDŽx䇋∖पЏⱘಲᑨ–ḍᚙމপᕫֵᙃǃӋǃᷛкǃ䙔㑺ᓎ䆂кDŽxपᮍ䗝ᢽ–ᅵᶹ䙔㑺ˈᣥ䗝┰ⱘपЏᑊϢपЏህк䴶ড়ৠ䖯㸠䇜߸DŽxড়ৠㅵ⧚–ㅵ⧚ড়ৠϢфपঠᮍП䯈ⱘ݇㋏ˈᅵᶹᑊ䆄䕑पЏ䖛এ⦄བԩሹ㸠ড়ৠˈℸ⹂ᅮᖙ㽕ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼˈᑊЎ⹂ᅮᇚᴹϢपЏⱘ݇㋏༴ᅮ⸔ˈㅵ⧚Ϣড়ৠ᳝݇ⱘবᑊ䗖ᔧⱘᯊㅵ⧚ৠ乍ⳂҹфЏⱘড়ৠ݇㋏DŽxড়ৠᬊሒ–ᅠ៤ᑊ㾷އ↣ϔϾড়ৠˈࣙᣀ㾷އ᠔᳝ⱘއџ乍ˈᑊ㒧ᴳ↣ϔϾড়ৠDŽF®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 341
V䚼ߚᴃ䇁㸼㋶ᓩখ㗗кⳂᴃ䇁㸼㋶ᓩ
খ㗗кⳂ ϔゴ˖ᓩ䆎1ljᮄϪ㋔㒣㕢䇁䆡NJˈ3⠜DŽԃ乓˖Houghton Mifflin݀ৌˈ1992DŽ2䰙ᷛޚ࣪㒘㒛/䰙⬉ᎹྨਬӮ˄ISO/IEC˅ᣛफ2DŽ᮹ݙ⪺˖ISOߎ⠜⼒ˈ1996DŽ3 TurnerˈJ. Rodneyˈ乍Ⳃ⸔ㅵ⧚ݠDŽ㒑㑺˖McGraw-Hillˈ1992DŽѠゴ˖乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳϢ㒘㒛ᴀゴ㡖≵᳝খ㗗к㈡DŽϝゴ˖乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ䖛ᴀゴ㡖≵᳝খ㗗к㈡DŽಯゴ˖乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚4 ÏyigünˈM. Güvenˈϡ⹂ᅮ㋴ϟⱘⷨথ乍Ⳃ䗝ᢽ䌘⑤ߚ䜡ⱘއㄪᬃᣕ㋏㒳DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ᴖᖫ24ˈno. 4˄1993˅DŽѨゴ˖乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚5TurnerˈJ. Rodneyˈ乍Ⳃ⸔ㅵ⧚ݠDŽ㒑㑺˖McGraw-Hillˈ1992DŽ݁ゴ˖乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚ᴀゴ㡖≵᳝খ㗗к㈡DŽϗゴ˖乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚ᴀゴ㡖≵᳝খ㗗к㈡DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 345
খ㗗кⳂܿゴ˖乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚6㕢䋼䞣⼒Ӯˈ2000DŽ7䰙ᷛޚ࣪㒘㒛ˈISO 8402ˈ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䋼䞣ࠊDŽGeneva˖ISOߎ⠜⼒ˈ1994DŽбゴ˖乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚ᴀゴ㡖≵᳝খ㗗к㈡DŽकゴ˖乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚ᴀゴ㡖≵᳝খ㗗к㈡DŽकϔゴ˖乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ᴀゴ㡖≵᳝খ㗗к㈡DŽकѠゴ˖乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚ᴀゴ㡖≵᳝খ㗗к㈡DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3462004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ᴃ䇁∛㓪 1.ᴀ∛㓪ⱘপ㟡ॳ߭ᴀᴃ䇁∛㓪ᬊܹҹϟᴃ䇁˖x乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ϧ⫼ᴃ䇁䖥ϧ⫼ᴃ䇁˄՟བˈ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкǃᎹ㒚ⳂǃᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘǃ݇䬂䏃㒓⊩˅DŽx㱑䴲乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ϧ⫼ˈԚϢϔ㠀᮹ᐌ⫼⊩ϡৠН䕗⣁˄՟བˈ᳔ᮽᓔྟ᮹ᳳǃ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ˅DŽᴀ∛㓪ϔ㠀ϡࣙᣀ˖xᑨ⫼乚ඳϧ⫼ⱘᴃ䇁˄՟བˈᣛ᠓ഄѻᓔথЁϧ⫼ⱘ⊩ᕟ᭛ӊ乍Ⳃᓎ䆂к˄Project prospectus˅˅DŽx乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ЁϢ᮹ᐌ⫼⊩᮴ᅲ䋼ऎ߿ⱘᴃ䇁˄՟བˈ᮹ग़᮹ǃᓊ䇃˅DŽxНৃҹҢ݊㒘៤䚼ߚ㒧ড়Пৢѻ⫳ⱘНЁᯢ⹂ⱘড়ᴃ䇁DŽxНৃҹҢ݊⑤ᴃ䇁НЁᯢ⹂ⱘ⌒⫳ᴃ䇁˄՟བˈᴀᴃ䇁∛㓪ᬊܹ՟ਞˈԚᬊܹਞ՟˅DŽѢҹϞ乍প㟡ॳ߭ˈᴀᴃ䇁∛㓪ᬊܹབϟᴃ䇁˖xϢ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚ǃ乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ亢䰽᳝݇Ϩ᭄Ⳃӫⱘᴃ䇁ˈЎ䖭ϝϾⶹ䆚乚ඳ᠔Փ⫼ⱘ䆌ᴃ䇁䛑ᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ϧ⫼ᴀϞϧ⫼Ѣ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘDŽx乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚᠔Փ⫼ⱘ䆌ᴃ䇁ˈЎ䖭ѯᴃ䇁ⱘН↨᮹ᐌ⫼⊩⣁じDŽx乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚Ϣ乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚ᮍ䴶ⱘᴃ䇁ᬊᔩ䕗ᇥˈЎ⫼Ѣ䖭ϸϾⶹ䆚乚ඳⱘᴃ䇁᭄Ϣ᮹ᐌ⫼⊩ᑊ᮴䞡ऎ߿DŽx乍Ⳃ៤ᴀㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚ᮍ䴶ⱘᴃ䇁гᬊᔩϡˈЎ䖭ϸϾⶹ䆚乚ඳՓ⫼ⱘᴃ䇁᭄Н⣁䱬ˈ㗠Ϩা⫼ѢᶤϾ⡍ᅮⱘᑨ⫼乚ඳDŽᴃ䇁∛㓪 ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 347
ᴃ䇁∛㓪2.ᐌ⫼㓽ݭ AC ᅲ䰙៤ᴀ ACWP Ꮕᅠ៤Ꮉᅲ䰙៤ᴀ AD ⌏ࡼৡ⿄ ADM ㆁ㒓㒬⊩˄ঠҷো㔥㒰˅ AE ߚ᨞ൟᡩܹ AF ᅲ䰙ᅠ៤᮹ᳳ AOA ㆁ㒓㸼⼎⌏ࡼ AON 㡖⚍㸼⼎⌏ࡼ AS ᅲ䰙ᓔྟ᮹ᳳ BAC ᅠ៤ᯊ乘ㅫ BCWP Ꮖᅠ៤Ꮉ乘ㅫ៤ᴀ BCWS 䅵ߦᎹ乘ㅫ៤ᴀ BOM ᴤ᭭⏙ऩ CA ࠊ䋺Ⳃ CAP ࠊ䋺Ⳃ䅵ߦ CCB বࠊྨਬӮ COQ 䋼䞣៤ᴀ CPF ៤ᴀࡴ䝀䞥 CPFF ៤ᴀࡴ䆂ᅮ䝀䞥 CPI ៤ᴀᬜᵰᣛ᭄ CPIF ៤ᴀࡴ哧ࢅᗻ䝀䞥 CPM ݇䬂䏃㒓⊩ CV ៤ᴀأᏂ DD ᭄᮹ᳳ DU ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈 DUR ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈 EAC ᅠ៤ᯊԄㅫ EF ᳔ᮽᅠ៤᮹ᳳ ES ᳔ᮽᓔྟ᮹ᳳ ETC ᅠ៤ᇮ䳔Ԅㅫ EV ᅲ⦄Ӌؐ EVM ᅲ⦄Ӌؐㅵ⧚ EVT ᅲ⦄Ӌؐᡔᴃ FF ᅠ៤ᇍᅠ៤˄䘏䕥݇㋏˅ FF 㞾⬅ᯊᏂ FFP ⹂ᅮⱘᅮᘏӋ FPIF ᅮᘏӋࡴ哧ࢅᗻ䝀䞥 FS ᅠ៤ᇍᓔྟ˄䘏䕥݇㋏˅®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3482004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
IFB ᡩᷛ䙔䇋к LF ᳔䖳ᅠ៤᮹ᳳ LOE Ꮉ∈ᑇ LS ᳔䖳ᓔྟ᮹ᳳ OBS 㒘㒛ߚ㾷㒧ᵘ PC ᅠ៤⥛ PCT ᅠ៤⥛ PDM ㋻ࠡ݇㋏㒬⊩ PF 䅵ߦᅠ៤᮹ᳳ PM 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ PM 乍Ⳃ㒣⧚® PMBOK乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ PMIS 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳 PMO 䅵ߦㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸ PMO 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸ® PMP乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ϧϮҎਬ PS 䅵ߦᓔྟ᮹ᳳ PSWBS ὖᣀᗻ乍ⳂᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ PV 䅵ߦӋؐ QA 䋼䞣ֱ䆕 QC 䋼䞣ࠊ RAM 㘠䋷ߚ䜡ⶽ䰉 RBS 䌘⑤ߚ㾷㒧ᵘ RBS 亢䰽ߚ㾷㒧ᵘ RD ࠽ԭᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈 RFP ᕕ∖ᓎ䆂к RFQ 䆶Ӌऩ SF 䅵ߦᅠ៤᮹ᳳ SF ᓔྟᇍᅠ៤˄䘏䕥݇㋏˅ SOW Ꮉ䇈ᯢк SPI 䖯ᑺ㒽ᬜᣛ᭄ SS 䅵ߦᓔྟ᮹ᳳ SS ᓔྟᇍᓔྟ˄䘏䕥݇㋏˅ᴃ䇁∛㓪 SV 䖯ᑺবᏂ SWOT ᗕߚᵤ TC ䷤ᅮᅠ៤᮹ᳳ TF ䷤ᅮᅠ៤᮹ᳳ TF ᘏᯊᏂ T&M ᴤ᭭Ϣᯊ䯈 TQM ܼ䴶䋼䞣ㅵ⧚ TS ䷤ᅮᓔྟ᮹ᳳ VE ӋؐᎹ WBS Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 349
ᴃ䇁∛㓪3.ᅮНϟ᭛ᅮНⱘ䆌䆡䇁ᕔᕔ↨䆡ЁⱘᅮНᑓˈ᳝ѯᯊ䖬᳝ϡৠⱘНDŽᴀ∛㓪ⱘᅮН䞛⫼བϟ㑺ᅮ˖x⫼ᅮНⱘϔ䚼ӑˈᑊᴀᴃ䇁∛㓪ЁᅮНⱘᴃ䇁⫼᭰ԧ㸼⼎DŽiᔧᶤᴃ䇁ᅮНЁߎ⦄ϡℶϔᯊˈҙ݊ϔߎ⦄ᯊ⫼᭰ԧ㸼⼎DŽiᶤѯᚙމϟˈऩϾᴃ䇁⬅Ͼ䆡㒘៤˄བˈ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ˅DŽiϔϾᅮНЁ㒣ᐌӮߎ⦄Ͼᴃ䇁ࠡৢⳌ䖲DŽ՟བˈᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫህᰃ⬅ϸϾᴃ䇁㒘៤ˈ݊ϔЎĀᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈āˈ㗠݊ѠЎĀԄㅫāDŽi᳝ѯᅮНЁӮߎ⦄㸼⼎Ͼᴃ䇁ⱘϔ䖲І⫼䗫োߚᓔⱘ᭰ԧᄫˈ݊Ё㟇ᇥ᳝ϔϾ⬅Ͼᄫ㒘៤DŽ՟བˈ݇䬂䏃㒓⊩᳔䖳ᅠ៤᮹ᳳህᰃϸϾᴃ䇁ݭϔ䍋ˈϔϾᰃĀ݇䬂䏃㒓⊩āˈϔϾᰃĀ᳔䖳ᅠ៤᮹ᳳāDŽ䘛ࠄ䖭⾡ᚙމˈ᳔ৢⱘ᭰ԧᄫПৢࡴϞϔϾ᯳ো*ˈ㸼⼎ℸ໘᳝Ͼᴃ䇁ࠡৢⳌ䖲DŽxᬊᔩৠН䆡ᯊˈᇍৠН䆡ᅮН,䇏㗙ৃⳈᶹⳟ݊佪䗝ᴃ䇁˄བˈখⳟ佪䗝ᴃ䇁˅DŽxᑊ䴲ৠНⱘ᳝݇ᴃ䇁ˈ݊ᅮНৢ䴶᳝߫খ✻ᴃ䇁˄བ,খⳟ᳝݇ᴃ䇁˅DŽBֱ⬭䞥Retainage˖Ў⹂ֱ乍Ⳃᅲᮑ㒧ᵰᅠܼヺড়ড়ৠ㾘ᅮˈ᱖ᯊᠷ⬭ϔ䚼ߚড়ৠℒ乍ˈⳈࠄ乍Ⳃᅠ៤ৢᠡܼ䚼ᬃҬDŽਞ䖯ሩPerformance Reporting [Process]˖ᬊ䲚ᑊ䗮᳝݇乍ⳂᅲᮑᚙމⱘֵᙃDŽ݊Ёࣙᣀ⢊މਞǃ䖯ሩᚙމᴹ乘⌟DŽӋ䙔䇋кRequest for Quotation (RFQ)˖䇋᱂䗮ᷛޚѻક᳡ࡵⱘ乘ᳳपᮍߎӋḐⱘϔ⾡䞛䌁᭛ӊDŽ᳝ѯᯊᶤѯᑨ⫼乚ඳҷ᳓ᓎ䆂䙔䇋кˈԚ݊Нৃ㛑䕗⣁㗙ԧDŽবࠊChange Control˖䆚߿ǃ䆄䕑ǃᡍޚᢦ㒱ˈҹঞࠊ乍Ⳃޚ*DŽবࠊྨਬӮChange Control Board (CCB)˖⬅乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙㒘៤㗠ℷᓣ䆒ゟⱘ㒘㒛ˈ䋳䋷ᅵ䆂ǃ䆘Ӌǃᡍޚǃ䖳৺އ乍Ⳃޚⱘবˈ᠔᳝ⱘއᅮᓎ䆂ഛ䆄ᔩḜDŽবࠊࠊᑺChange Control System [Tool]˖㾘ᅮࠊǃᬍবᡍޚ乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰ᭛ӊᮍᓣⱘ᳝Ḝৃ】ⱘϔ༫ℷᓣᑣDŽ᭄ᑨ⫼乚ඳˈবࠊࠊᑺᰃ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚ࠊᑺⱘϔϾ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽব䇋∖Change Request˖ᠽ㓽ᇣ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈˈׂᬍᮍ䩜ǃ䖛ǃ䅵ߦᑣˈׂᬍ៤ᴀ乘ㅫˈׂᬍ䖯ᑺ㸼ⱘ䇋∖DŽব䇋∖ৃҹⳈ䯈ᦤߎˈгৃҹᴹ㞾ݙ䚼䚼ˈѺৃҹḍ⊩ᕟড়ৠᔎࡴ䗝ᢽDŽা᳝ℷᓣк䴶ᦤߎⱘব䇋∖ᠡ㛑ফ⧚ˈгা᳝㒣䖛ᡍޚⱘব䇋∖ᠡ㛑Ҭ䇌ᅲᮑDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3502004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ᷛޚStandard˖ϔ⾡㒣ᐌডⱘՓ⫼Ёᵘ៤њ⌏ࡼ݊㒧ᵰⱘ㾘߭ǃॳ߭⡍ᕕᑊ⬅݅䆚⹂ゟ㗙݀䅸ᴎᵘᡍޚⱘ᭛ӊˈ݊Ⳃⱘᰃ᮶ᅮⱘ⦃๗Ёᅲ⦄᳔Շᑺⱘ⾽ᑣDŽ㸹ٓCompensation˖㒭ќফⱘџ⠽Τ䅀བᬃҬⱘℒ乍䝀ˈϔ㠀ᰃЎᦤկᬊࠄⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰ㗠㒭ќফⱘ⦄䞥ᅲ⠽DŽϡৃ㔎ᇥⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚIntegral˖㔎њ֓ϡᅠⱘ˗ᖙ䳔ⱘ˗Ўᵘ៤㗠ϡৃ㔎ⱘ˗ৠ݊Ҫ㒘៤䚼ӊϔৠᵘ៤ᭈԧⱘDŽCᴤ᭭⏙ऩBill of Materials (BOM)˖ᇚࠊ䗴ᶤϾѻક᠔䳔ⱘᅲԧ䚼ӊǃ㒘ӊ㒘៤䚼ߚᣝ✻㒘៤݇㋏ҹ㸼Ḑᔶᓣ㸼⦄ߎᴹⱘℷᓣ᭛ӊDŽ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦProcurement Management Plan [Output/Input]˖䇈ᯢབԩㅵ⧚Ңࠊᅮ䞛䌁᭛ӊⳈࠄড়ৠ㒧ሒⱘ᠔᳝䞛䌁䖛ⱘ᭛ӊDŽ䞛䌁㾘ߦPlan Purchases and Acquisitions [Process]˖⹂ᅮ䳔㽕䞛䌁পᕫԩ⠽ᑊ⹂ᅮԩᯊҹঞབԩ䞛䌁পᕫⱘ䖛DŽ䞛䌁᭛ӊProcurement Documents [Output/Input]˖ᷛᕕ∖ᓎ䆂к⌏ࡼЁՓ⫼ⱘ᭛ӊˈࣙᣀфᮍⱘᡩᷛ䙔䇋кǃ䇜߸䙔䇋кǃֵᙃ䙔䇋кǃӋ䙔䇋кǃᓎ䆂ᕕ∖䙔䇋кपᮍⱘಲᑨDŽখ᭄ԄㅫParametric Estimating [Technique]˖߽⫼ग़᭄Ϣ݊Ҫব䞣˄བᮑᎹЁⱘᑇᮍ㣅ሎǃ䕃ӊᓔথЁⱘҷⷕ㸠᭄˅П䯈ⱘ㒳䅵݇㋏Ԅㅫ䇌བ㣗ೈǃ៤ᴀǃ乘ㅫᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ㄝ⌏ࡼখ᭄ⱘϔ⾡ԄㅫᡔᴃDŽ䖭⾡ᡔᴃⱘޚ⹂ᗻ䕗催ˈԧ㾚Ԅㅫᇍ䈵ⱘᴖᑺൟЁՓ⫼ⱘ⸔᭄䋼䞣DŽ៤ᴀখ᭄ⱘ՟ᄤৃВᇚ䅵ߦᎹ䞣Ьҹऩԡ៤ᴀग़᭄ेৃԄㅫߎ៤ᴀDŽ⅟ԭ亢䰽Residual Risk˖䞛প亢䰽ᑨᇍᮑПৢҡ✊ᄬⱘ亢䰽DŽѻકProduct˖㒣䖛⫳ѻˈৃҹ䞣࣪ᑊϨ᮶ৃҹᰃ᳔㒜⠽ӊজৃҹᰃ䚼ӊⱘҎ䗴⠽કDŽѻકⱘ݊Ҫৡ⿄᳝⠽䌘⠽કDŽ䇋Ϣ៤ᵰ᳡ࡵ↨䕗DŽ䇋㾕ৃѸҬ៤ᵰDŽѻક㣗ೈProduct Scope˖㸼⦄ᶤ⾡ѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰⱘ乍⡍ᕕࡳ㛑DŽѻક㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкProduct Scope Description˖䇈ᯢѻક㣗ೈⱘ᭛ӊDŽѻક⫳ੑᳳProduct Life Cycle˖ϔ㠀ᣝ✻ܜৢ乎ᑣᥦ߫ˈѦϡ䞡ⱘѻક䰊↉*ⱘܼԧDŽ䰊↉ⱘৡ⿄᭄Ⳃ⬅㒘㒛ⱘࠊ䗴ࠊ㽕∖އᅮDŽѻક⫳ੑᳳ᳔ৢ䰊↉ϔᴃ䇁∛㓪 㠀ᰃѻકⱘᤳണϻ༅ࡳ㛑DŽϔ㠀㗠㿔ˈ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳࣙᣀϔϾϾѻક⫳ੑᳳПݙDŽᐌ㾕ॳCommon Cause˖㋏㒳ݙ᳝ᑊ㛑乘㾕ࠄⱘᓩথব࣪ⱘॳDŽࠊЁˈᐌ㾕ॳ㸼⦄Ў䱣ᴎ䖛ব࣪ⱘϔ䚼ߚ˄े䖛㹿㾚Ўℷᐌ䴲ᓖᐌⱘব࣪˅ˈ݊⡍⚍⬅㨑ࠊ⬠䰤ݙⱘ䱣ᴎ⚍ߚᏗᔶ⢊᠔ᧁ⼎DŽг⿄Ў䱣ᴎॳDŽ䇋Ϣ⡍⅞ॳ↨䕗៤ᴀCost˖乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼ*㒘៤䚼ߚⱘ䋻ᏕӋؐӋḐˈࣙᣀЎᅲᮑᅠ៤䆹⌏ࡼ㒘៤䚼ߚ߯䗴䆹㒘៤䚼ߚ᠔䳔㽕ⱘ䌘⑤ⱘ䋻ᏕӋؐDŽԧⱘ៤ᴀৃҹ⬅៤ᴀⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘ㒘ড়㗠ᵘ៤ˈࣙᣀⳈᎹᯊǃ݊ҪⳈ䌍ǃ䯈Ꮉᯊǃ݊Ҫ䯈䌍ˈ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 351
ᴃ䇁∛㓪ҹঞ䞛䌁ӋḐDŽ˄Ԛᰃˈᅲ⦄Ӌؐㅵ⧚Ёˈ᳝ᯊ៤ᴀ䖭ϔᴃ䇁ৃ㛑ҙ㸼⼎Ꮉᯊˈ㗠ϡᤶㅫ៤䋻ᏕӋؐ˅DŽ䇋㾕ᅲ䰙៤ᴀԄㅫDŽ៤ᴀԄㅫCost Estimating [Process]˖ᇍᅠ៤乍乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼ*᠔䳔䌘⑤ⱘ៤ᴀᦤߎᶤ⾡䖥ԐԄㅫⱘ䖛DŽ៤ᴀㅵ⧚䅵ߦCost Management Plan [Output/Input]˖䇈ᯢ乍Ⳃ៤ᴀⱘ㾘ߦǃ㒘㒛ࠊⱘᮍᓣˈᑊ⹂ᅮ䳔㽕Ўℸሩᓔⱘ⌏ࡼᣛᇐॳ߭ⱘ᭛ӊDŽ៤ᴀㅵ⧚䅵ߦৃҹᰃℷᓣ䴲ℷᓣⱘˈᵕЎ䆺㒚Ⳍᔧὖᣀⱘˈԧ㾚乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ㽕∖㗠ᅮDŽ៤ᴀㅵ⧚䅵ߦࣙ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦПݙˈгৃҹᰃ݊Ёⱘϔ乍ߚ䅵ߦDŽ៤ᴀޚCost Baseline˖䇋㾕ޚDŽ៤ᴀ㒽ᬜᣛ᭄Cost Performance Index (CPI)˖乍Ⳃ៤ᴀᬜ⥛ⱘϔ⾡ᑺ䞣DŽ᭄ؐϞЎᅲ⦄Ӌؐ˄EV˅Ϣᅲ䰙៤ᴀ˄AC˅П↨DŽCPIㄝѢEV䰸ҹACDŽᔧCPIѢㄝѢ1ᯊˈ㸼ᯢᚙމ᳝߽ˈ㗠ᔧCPIᇣѢ1ᯊˈ㸼ᯢᚙމϡ߽DŽ៤ᴀࠊCost Control [Process]˖ᇍ䗴៤أᏂⱘ㋴ᮑࡴᕅડᑊࠊ乍Ⳃ乘ㅫⱘবⱘ䖛DŽ៤ᴀأᏂCost Variance (CV)˖乍Ⳃ៤ᴀᬜᵰⱘϔ⾡ᑺ䞣DŽ᭄ؐϞЎᅲ⦄Ӌؐ˄EV˅Ϣᅲ䰙៤ᴀ˄AC˅ϸ㗙ПᏂDŽCV=EV-ACDŽCV㢹Ѣ䳊ˈ㸼ᯢᚙމ᳝߽ˈ㗠ᔧCVᇣѢ䳊ᯊˈ㸼ᯢᚙމϡ߽DŽ៤ᴀᅲᅲ䫔ড়ৠCost-Reimbursable Contract˖㽕∖фᮍपᮍᬃҬपᮍᅲ䰙ᓔ䫔ⱘ៤ᴀˈݡࡴϔ㠀㸼⼎पᮍ߽⍺ⱘ䝀䞥ⱘϔ⾡ড়ৠDŽ៤ᴀϔ㠀ߚЎⳈ䌍䯈䌍DŽⳈ䌍ᰃϧЎ乍Ⳃⱘ߽Ⲟ㗠ᓔ䫔ⱘ៤ᴀˈ՟བ乍Ⳃܼ㘠Ҏਬⱘ㭾䞥DŽ䯈䌍г⿄خㅵ⧚䌍ϔ㠀Ϣ㸠ᬓㅵ⧚䌍ˈᰃ⬅ᅲᮑ㒘㒛ᇚ݊㾚Ў㒣㧹៤ᴀ㗠ߚ᨞ࠄ乍ⳂϞⱘ៤ᴀˈ՟བ䯈খϢ乍Ⳃⱘ㒘㒛催ሖㅵ⧚Ҏਬⱘ㭾䞥ˈҹঞࡲ݀ᅸ⫼⬉䆒ᮑⱘ៤ᴀDŽ䯈䌍ϔ㠀ᣝ✻Ⳉ䌍ⱘⱒߚ↨䅵ㅫDŽ៤ᴀᅲᅲ䫔ড়ৠᐌᐌܹ߫哧ࢅᗻᴵℒˈᔧपᮍ⒵䎇䍙䖛џܜ䆒ᅮⱘ乍ⳂⳂᷛˈ՟བ䖯ᑺᘏ៤ᴀⳂᷛᯊˈपᮍৃҹҢфᮍ໘ᬊࠄϔヨ哧ࢅᗻ༪䌣ᗻℒ乍DŽ៤ᴀ乘ㅫCost Budgeting [Process]˖ᡞϾ⌏ࡼᎹ㒚ⳂⱘԄㅫ៤ᴀ∛䲚Пৢ⹂ᅮ៤ᴀޚⱘ䖛DŽ៤ᴀࡴᣝ៤ᴀⱒߚ↨䅵ㅫ䝀䞥Cost-Plus-Percentage of Cost (CPPC)˖䇋㾕៤ᴀࡴ䝀䞥DŽ៤ᴀࡴ䝀䞥Cost-Plus-Fee (CPF)˖фᮍЎपᮍ䫔Ўᅠ៤ড়ৠᎹ㗠Ҭߎⱘܕ䆌៤ᴀˈ㗠पᮍݡᣝ✻ঠᮍⱘଚᅮᕫࠄऴ៤ᴀϔᅮⱒߚ↨ⱘ䝀䞥ⱘϔ⾡៤ᴀᅲᅲ䫔ড়ৠDŽ䝀䞥ⱘᇥᅲ䰙៤ᴀⱘޣ㗠বDŽ៤ᴀࡴ哧ࢅ䝀䞥ড়ৠCost-Plus-Incentive-Fee (CPIF) Contract˖фᮍЎपᮍ䫔ܕ䆌៤ᴀ˄ܕ䆌៤ᴀ⬅ড়ৠ⹂ᅮ˅ˈ㗠पᮍ䖒ࠄ㾘ᅮⱘᅲᮑᷛޚᯊ䌮পϔヨ߽⍺ⱘ៤ᴀᅲᅲ䫔ড়ৠDŽ៤ᴀࡴᅮ䝀䞥ড়ৠCost-Plus-Fixed-Fee (CPFF) Contract˖фᮍЎपᮍ䫔ܕ䆌៤ᴀ˄ܕ䆌៤ᴀ⬅ড়ৠ⹂ᅮ˅ˈݡࡴϔヨᅮ᭄乱ⱘ߽⍺˄䝀䞥˅ⱘϔ⾡៤ᴀᅲᅲ䫔ড়ৠDŽ៤ᵰResult˖ᓔሩ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛⌏ࡼⱘ㒧ᵰDŽ៤ᵰࣙᣀ㒧ᵰ˄՟བᔶ៤њᭈԧⱘ㋏㒳ǃׂᬍ䖛ⱘ䖛ǃ䞡㒘ৢⱘ㒘㒛ǃ㗗䆩ǃ㒣䖛䆁ⱘҎਬㄝ˅᭛ӊ˄՟བ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3522004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ᮍ䩜ǃ䅵ߦǃⷨおਞǃᑣǃᡔᴃ㽕∖䇈ᯢǃਞㄝ˅DŽ䇋Ϣѻક᳡ࡵ↨䕗DŽ䇋㾕ৃѸҬ៤ᵰDŽᑣ Procedure ᣝ✻ℷᐌⱘ㚃ᅮ⾽ᑣᅠ៤ᶤџ⠽ᯊ䙉ᕾⱘϔ㋏߫ℹ偸DŽᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Duration (DU/DUR)˖ᅠ៤䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚ᠔䳔ⱘᎹᯊ↉᭄Ⳃ˄ϡࣙᣀ㡖؛᮹݊Ҫ䴲Ꮉᯊ↉˅DŽ䗮ᐌ⫼Ꮉ᮹Ꮉ਼㸼⼎DŽ᳝ᯊᇚ݊䫭䇃ഄㄝৠѢ⌕䗱ᯊ䯈DŽ䇋Ϣᡩܹ˄ࡾ˅ǒeffortǓ↨䕗DŽ䇋㾕ॳᅮᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ǃ࠽ԭᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ᅲ䰙ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈DŽᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈य़㓽Duration Compression˖ϡ㓽ᇣ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘᴵӊϟࡴᖿ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺDŽ㓽ⷁᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ᑊ䴲ᘏᰃৃ㸠ⱘˈᕔᕔ䳔㽕ࡴ乍Ⳃ៤ᴀDŽ㾺থ㋴Triggers˖亢䰽ϮᏆথ⫳㗙ेᇚথ⫳ⱘᷛ⼎DŽ㾺থ㋴ৃ亢䰽䆚߿䖛Ёথ⦄ˈᑊৃ亢䰽ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ䖛Ё䖯㸠ⲥ㾚DŽ㾺থ㋴᳝ᯊ⿄Ў亢䰽⮛⢊㗙䄺ਞֵোDŽ߯ᓎᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘCreate WBS [Process]˖ᇚ乍Ⳃ䕗ⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰᎹߚ㾷Ў䕗ᇣˈ֓Ѣㅵ⧚ⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘ䖛DŽ⫳亢䰽Secondary Risk˖⬅Ѣᅲᮑᶤ亢䰽ᑨᇍᮑ㗠Ⳉѻ⫳ⱘ亢䰽DŽDऩҷো㔥㒰˄⌏ࡼⱘ㡖⚍㸼⼎⊩˅Activity-On-Node (AON)˖䇋㾕㋻ࠡ݇㋏⊩ǒprecedence diagramming methodǓDŽᔧࠡᓔྟ᮹ᳳCurrent Start Date˖ᇍᶤ乍䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᇚѢԩᯊᓔྟⱘᔧࠡԄㅫˈ䆹Ԅㅫডњҹࠡਞ䖛ⱘ᠔᳝Ꮉⱘ䖯ሩDŽ䇋㾕䅵ߦᓔྟ᮹ᳳޚᓔྟ᮹ᳳDŽᔧࠡᅠ៤᮹ᳳCurrent Finish Date˖ᇍᶤ乍䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᇚѢԩᯊᅠ៤ⱘᔧࠡԄㅫˈ䆹Ԅㅫডњҹࠡਞ䖛ⱘ᠔᳝Ꮉⱘ䖯ሩDŽ䇋㾕䅵ߦᅠ៤᮹ᳳޚDŽㄝ㑻Grade˖⫼ҹऎߚࡳ㛑Ⳍৠ˄བ “䫸ᄤ”˅Ԛ䋼䞣㽕∖ϡৠ˄՟བϡৠⱘ䫸ᄤৃ㛑䳔㽕ᡓফᇣϡৠⱘ˅ⱘ⠽ӊⱘ㉏߿ㄝ㑻DŽᅮ䞣亢䰽ߚᵤQuantitative Risk Analysis [Process]˖Ң᭄䞣ϞߚᵤᏆ㒣䆚߿ⱘ亢䰽ᇍ乍ⳂᘏԧⳂᷛⱘᕅડⱘ䖛DŽᅮᗻ亢䰽ߚᵤQualitative Risk Analysis [Process]˖䗮䖛䆘Ԅ亢䰽ⱘὖ⥛Ϣৢᵰᑊᇚϸ㗙㒧ড়䍋ᴹ㗠Ў䱣ৢⱘ䖯ϔℹߚᵤ䞛প㸠ࡼ⹂ᅮ亢䰽ⱘЏ䕏䞡㓧ᗹⱘ䖛DŽᴃ䇁∛㓪 Fথࣙ㾘ߦPlan Contracting [Process]˖ᇚᇍѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰᦤߎⱘ㽕∖ᔶ៤᭛ӊᑊ䆚߿┰ⱘपЏⱘ䖛DŽথ䍋ҎǃྨᠬҎǃ䌲ࡽҎSponsor˖Ў乍Ⳃᦤկ⦄䞥ᅲ⠽䋶ࡵ䌘⑤ⱘϾҎ䲚ԧDŽ⊩㾘Regulation˖ᬓᑰᴎᵘᮑࡴⱘ㽕∖DŽ䖭ѯ㽕∖ৃ㛑Ӯއᅮѻકǃ䖛᳡ࡵ䙉ᅜᬓᑰᔎࠊ㽕∖ⱘ⡍ᕕˈࣙᣀ䗖⫼ⱘ㸠ᬓㅵ⧚ᴵ᭛DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 353
ᴃ䇁∛㓪ড䅵ㅫBackward Pass˖ᇍ᠔᳝㔥㒰Ёᅠ៤ⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ᳔䖳ᅠ៤᮹ᳳ᳔䖳ᓔྟ᮹ᳳ᠔䖯㸠ⱘ䅵ㅫDŽҢ乍Ⳃⱘᅠ៤᮹ᳳᓔྟḍ㔥㒰䘏䕥݇㋏ড䅵ㅫDŽ乍Ⳃᅠ៤᮹ᳳৃ䗮䖛ℷ䅵ㅫ⹂ᅮˈгৃ⬅乒ᅶ㗙ྨᠬҎᣛᅮDŽ䇋㾕㔥㒰ߚᵤǒnetwork analysisǓDŽ䖨ᎹRework˖ЎњՓ᳝㔎䱋ϡড়Ḑⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚ䖒ࠄ㽕∖ヺড়ᡔᴃ㾘ᅮ䇈ᯢк㗠䞛পⱘ㸠ࡼDŽ㣗ೈScope˖ҹ乍Ⳃᔶᓣᑨᔧᦤկⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰⱘᘏDŽ䇋㾕乍Ⳃ㣗ೈѻક㣗ೈDŽ㣗ೈবScope Change˖乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘӏԩবDŽ㣗ೈবТᘏᰃ䳔㽕ᇍ乍Ⳃ៤ᴀ䖯ᑺ䖯㸠䇗ᭈDŽ㣗ೈᅮНScope Definition [Process]˖ࠊᅮ䆺㒚ⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкˈկᇚᴹⱘ乍ⳂއㄪЎձⱘ䖛DŽ㣗ೈ㾘ߦScope Planning [Process]˖ࠊ䅶乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘ䖛DŽ㣗ೈḌᅲScope verification [Process]˖ℷᓣ偠ᬊᏆ㒣ᅠ៤ⱘ乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰⱘ䖛DŽ㣗ೈޚScope Baseline˖䇋㾕ޚǒbaselineǓDŽ㣗ೈࠊScope Control [Process]˖ᇍ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘব䖯㸠ࠊⱘ䖛DŽ㣗ೈ┰বScope Creep˖ϡᦤᇍᯊ䯈ǃ៤ᴀ䌘⑤ⱘᕅડ㗙᮴乏乒ᅶᡍޚⱘᚙމϟ⏏ࡴ˄ሲѢ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘ˅ᗻ㛑ࡳ㛑DŽᮍ⊩㋏Methodology˖⬅ҢџᶤϔϧϮⱘҎ᠔Փ⫼ⱘخ⊩ǃᡔᴃǃᑣ㾘߭㒘៤ⱘԧ㋏DŽߚ㾷Decompose˖䇋㾕DecompositionDŽߚ㾷Decomposition [Technique]˖ᇚ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ乍ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰߦߚЎᇣǃ֓Ѣㅵ⧚ⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚˈⳈࠄϢᅠ៤乍Ⳃⱘ㣗ೈᦤѸৃѸҬ៤ᵰⳌ㘨㋏ⱘ乍ⳂᎹ㦋ᕫᅮНⱘ䖛ˈᅮНⱘ䆺㒚ᑺ䎇ҹЎᅲᮑǃⲥⴷࠊ䆹Ꮉᦤկֱ䱰DŽߚ᨞ൟᡩܹ Apportioned Effort (AE)˖ߚ䜡乍ⳂᎹϞⱘᡩܹˈϨℸᡩܹᇍ䆹Ꮉᴹ䇈ϡᯧݡߚ㾷៤ৃߚゟᡩܹˈԚϢৃ䅵䞣ⱘߚゟⱘᎹᡩܹ៤ℷ↨DŽ䇋Ϣৃߚゟൟᡩܹ↨䕗DŽߚ乍ᎹWork Item˖䆹ᴃ䇁ᑇᐌϡݡՓ⫼DŽ䇋㾕⌏ࡼǒactivityǓ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼǒschedule activityǓDŽ亢䰽Risk˖ϔᮺথ⫳ˈӮᇍ乍ⳂⳂᷛѻ⫳⿃ᵕ㗙⍜ᵕᕅડⱘϡ⹂ᅮџӊ㗙ᚙމDŽ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠRisk Register [Output/Input]˖᳝ࣙᅮᗻ亢䰽ߚᵤǃᅮ䞣亢䰽ߚᵤ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦⱘ៤ᵰⱘ᭛ӊDŽ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ䆺㒚ഄ䆄ᔩњ᠔᳝ⱘᏆ㒣䆚߿ⱘ亢䰽ˈࣙᣀৡ⿄ǃ㉏߿ǃॳǃথ⫳ⱘὖ⥛ǃᇍⳂᷛⱘᕅડǃᦤߎⱘᑨᇍᮑǃ䋳䋷Ҏᔧࠡ⢊ᗕDŽ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘϔϾ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽ亢䰽ߚ㾷㒧ᵘRisk Breakdown Structure (RBS) [Tool]˖ᣝ✻ऎ߿┰亢䰽ᄬⱘ⾡乚ඳѻ⫳ⱘ⾡ॳⱘ亢䰽㉏߿Ϣᄤ㉏߿ᔶ䈵㗠জ᳝ᴵ⧚ഄ䇈ᯢᏆ㒣䆚߿ⱘ乍Ⳃ亢䰽*ⱘሖ㒧ᵘⱘϔ⾡ᔶDŽ亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦRisk Management Planning [Process]˖އᅮབԩᇍᕙǃ㾘ߦᠻ㸠乍Ⳃⱘ亢䰽ㅵ⧚⌏ࡼⱘ䖛DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3542004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦRisk Management Plan [Output/Input]˖䇈ᯢᇍ乍Ⳃབԩ㒘㒛Ϣᅲᮑ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚ⱘ᭛ӊDŽ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚߚ䅵ߦDŽ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦৃҹᰃℷᓣ䴲ℷᓣⱘˈᵕЎ䆺㒚Ⳍᔧὖᣀⱘˈԧ㾚乍Ⳃⱘ䳔㽕㗠ᅮDŽ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁⱘֵᙃᑨ⫼乚ඳ乍Ⳃ㾘㗠ᓖDŽ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦϡৠѢࣙ乍Ⳃ亢䰽⏙ऩǃ亢䰽ߚᵤⱘ៤ᵰ亢䰽ᑨᇍᮑⱘ亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠDŽ亢䰽ⲥ㾚ϢࠊRisk Monitoring and Control [Process]˖ᭈϾ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳݙ䎳䏾Ꮖ㒣䆚߿ⱘ亢䰽ǃⲥ㾚⅟ԭ亢䰽ˈ䆚߿ᮄⱘ亢䰽ˈᅲᮑ亢䰽ᑨᇍ䅵ߦᑊ䆘Ԅ᳝݊ᬜᗻⱘ䖛DŽ亢䰽ޣ䕏Risk Mitigation [Technique]˖ϔ⾡݇Ѣ࿕㚕ⱘ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦᡔᴃ*ˈℸᡔᴃ䆒⊩ᇚ亢䰽থ⫳ⱘὖ⥛ᕅડ䰡Ԣࠄৃফⱘ⬠䰤ؐҹϟDŽ亢䰽㉏߿Risk Category˖亢䰽ⱘϔ㒘┰ॳDŽ亢䰽ॳৃҹߦߚЎ䇌བᡔᴃǃ䚼ǃ㒘㒛ǃ⦃๗乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ㄝ㉏߿DŽϔ⾡㉏߿ৃҹࣙᣀ䇌བᡔᴃ៤❳ᑺǃ⇨䖛ѢФ㾖ⱘԄㅫㄝᄤ㉏߿DŽ䇋㾕亢䰽ߚ㾷㒧ᵘDŽ亢䰽䆚߿Risk Identification [Process]˖߸ᮁԩ⾡亢䰽᳝ৃ㛑ᕅડࠄᴀ乍Ⳃᑊ䆄ᔩ݊⡍ᕕⱘ䖛DŽ亢䰽᭄ᑧRisk Database˖᧰䲚ǃ㓈ᡸϢߚᵤ亢䰽ㅵ⧚䖛Ё㦋ᕫϢՓ⫼ⱘ᭄ⱘ䌘᭭ᑧDŽ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦRisk Response Planning [Process]˖Ўᔎᅲ⦄乍ⳂⳂᷛⱘᴎӮˈޣ䕏࿕㚕㗠ᦤߎ䗝ᮍḜ㸠ࡼⱘ䖛DŽ亢䰽䕀⿏Risk Transference [Technique]˖ϔ⾡䆒⊩ᇚ࿕㚕ⱘৢᵰ䖲ৠᑨᇍⱘ䋷ӏ䕀⿏㒭ᶤϝᮍⱘ亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦᡔᴃ*DŽ亢䰽㞾⬭Risk Acceptance [Technique]˖㸼ᯢ乍Ⳃಶ䯳Ꮖއᅮϡᬍব乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦҹᑨᇍ亢䰽ˈ㗙㸼ᯢҪӀ㛑ᡒࠄӏԩ݊Ҫᙄᔧⱘᑨᇍㄪ⬹ⱘϔ⾡亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦᡔᴃ*DŽ᳡ࡵService˖㱑✊ϡ⫳ѻ᳝ᔶѻક៤ᵰԚѻ⫳⫼䗨ⱘᎹˈ՟བˈᠻ㸠ଚϮࡳ㛑ᴹᬃᧈ⫳ѻ㸠䫔DŽGὖᣀᗻ⌏ࡼSummary Activity˖ҹᶤ⾡ὖᣀᑺ∛ᘏⱘϔ㒘ⳌѦ㘨㋏ⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼˈਞᯊेᣝ䖭ϔὖᣀᑺሩ⼎Ўϔ乍⌏ࡼDŽ䇋㾕ᄤ乍Ⳃᄤ㔥㒰DŽᴃ䇁∛㓪 ὖ⥛Ϣᕅડⶽ䰉Probability and Impact Matrix [Tool]˖ᇚ亢䰽ⱘϸϾᮍ䴶ˈे亢䰽ⱘথ⫳ὖ⥛ҹঞϔᮺ亢䰽থ⫳ᇍⳂᷛѻ⫳ⱘᕅડ㒧ড়䍋ᴹ㗗㰥ˈҹ߸ᮁ亢䰽ሲѢ䕗ᇣǃЁㄝ䖬ᰃ䕗ⱘϔ⾡᱂䗮ᮍ⊩DŽ⫬⡍Gantt Chart˖䇋㾕῾䘧ǒbar chartǓDŽ䍊ᎹCrashing[Technique]˖ᇍབԩҹ᳔Ԣⱘ៤ᴀ᳔䰤ᑺഄ㓽ⷁᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ⱘ㢹ᑆᮍḜ䖯㸠ߚᵤПৢˈ䞛প㸠ࡼ㓽ⷁ乍Ⳃᘏᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈*ⱘϔ⾡ԧᔶᓣⱘ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺय़㓽ᡔᴃDŽय़㓽䖯ᑺⱘൟࡲ⊩ࣙᣀޣᇥ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ࡴ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ䌘⑤ߚ䜡DŽ䇋㾕䖯ᑺय़㓽ᖿ䗳䎳䖯DŽቫԡ䇈ᯢPosition Description [Tool]˖ᇍ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬⱘ㾦㡆䋷ӏⱘ㾷䞞DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 355
ᴃ䇁∛㓪ḍᴀॳߚᵤRoot Cause Analysis [Technique]˖ϔ⾡⫼Ѣ⹂ᅮᓩ䍋أᏂǃ㔎䱋亢䰽ⱘ┰ᴀॳⱘߚᵤᡔᴃDŽᶤϾḍᴀॳৃ㛑އᅮⴔϾأᏂǃ㔎䱋亢䰽DŽᎹTool˖ᓔሩ⌏ࡼ⫳ѻѻક៤ᵰЁՓ⫼ⱘᶤ⾡᳝ᔶП⠽ˈ՟བḋᵓ䕃ӊDŽᎹ᭭ড়ৠTime and Material (T&M) Contract˖᳝៤ᴀ䫔ᅮӋϸ⾡ড়ৠ㞾㢹ᑆᮍ䴶ⱘϔ⾡⏋ড়ড়ৠᅝᥦDŽ䖭⾡ড়ৠЁᷛᯊ≵᳝⹂ᅮܼ䚼Ӌؐ㗠≵᳝ᇕষˈ᠔ҹڣ៤ᴀ䫔ড়ৠᅝᥦˈ䖭ḋϔᴹˈড়ৠӋؐህৃ㛑ڣ៤ᴀ䫔ড়ৠ䙷ḋࡴDŽϔᮍ䴶ˈᎹ᭭ড়ৠгڣᅮӋড়ৠᅝᥦDŽ՟བˈᔧфपঠᮍህᶤ㑻߿䌘⏅ᎹᏜⱘऩӋ䖒៤ϔ㟈ᛣ㾕ᯊˈऩӋህ⬅фᮍपᮍџܜ⹂ᅮњDŽᎹWork˖Ўܟ᳡䱰ˈᅲ⦄ᶤ⾡Ⳃᷛ㗠䑿ԧ༈㛥ЁҬߎࡾᮑሩᡔ㛑DŽᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘWork Breakdown Structure (WBS) [Output/Input]˖ᇍᑨᔧ⬅乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᠻ㸠ˈҹ֓ᅲ⦄乍ⳂⳂᷛᑊ߯䗴ᖙ㽕ⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰⱘᎹᣝৃѸҬ៤ᵰ᠔خⱘሖߚ㾷DŽᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘᇚ乍ⳂⱘᭈϾ㣗ೈ㒘㒛ϔ䍋ᑊࡴҹᯢ⹂DŽ↣ϟߚ㾷ϔϾሖˈህᛣੇⴔ乍ⳂᎹⱘᅮН⏅ܹњϔℹDŽᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ᳔㒜ߚ㾷ЎᎹ㒚ⳂDŽᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘⱘሖ㒧ᵘҹৃѸҬ៤ᵰЎᇍ䈵ࣙᣀݙ䚼䚼ৃѸҬ៤ᵰDŽ䇋㾕Ꮉ㒚Ⳃǃࠊ䋺Ⳃǃড়ৠᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ乍ⳂὖᣀᗻᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘDŽᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼Work Breakdown Structure Dictionary [Output/Input]˖䇈ᯢᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄WBS˅Ё↣ϔ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘ᭛ӊDŽᇍѢᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘⱘ↣ϔ㒘៤䚼ߚˈᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼Ё䛑᳝㣗ೈⱘㅔᯢᅮНᎹ䇈ᯢкˈᯢ⹂ⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰˈ᳝݇ⱘ⌏ࡼ⏙ऩˈҹঞϔϾ䞠⏙ऩDŽ݊Ҫֵᙃৃ㛑ࣙᣀ˖䋳䋷ⱘ㒘㒛ǃᓔྟᅠ៤᮹ᳳǃᖙ㽕ⱘ䌘⑤ǃ៤ᴀԄㅫǃᬊ䌍㓪োǃড়ৠֵᙃǃ䋼䞣㽕∖ˈҹঞ֓Ѣᅠ៤Ꮉⱘᡔᴃখ㗗䌘᭭⏙ऩDŽᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚWork Breakdown Structure Component˖ৃҹԡѢᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘӏԩሖϞⱘџ乍DŽᎹḌޚWork Authorization [Technique]˖ᓔྟ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼǃᎹ㒚Ⳃࠊ䋺ⳂԧᎹⱘ䆌ৃᣛ⼎ˈϔ㠀ᰃк䴶ⱘDŽᎹḌޚᰃᡍޚ乍ⳂᎹˈ⹂ֱ䆹乍Ꮉ⬅ᯢ⹂ⱘ㒘㒛ℷ⹂ⱘᯊ䯈ҹᙄᔧⱘ乎ᑣᅠ៤ⱘᮍ⊩DŽᎹḌޚࠊᑺWork Authorization System [Tool]˖ᰃᭈϾ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࠊᑺⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽ䖭ϔ䚼ߚ⬅ℷᓣᔶ៤᭛ӊⱘ㢹ᑆᯢ⹂Ḍޚ乍ⳂᎹⱘᑣ᠔㒘៤ˈ⹂ֱ䆹乍Ꮉ⬅ᯢ⹂ⱘ㒘㒛ℷ⹂ⱘᯊ䯈ҹᙄᔧⱘ乎ᑣᅠ៤DŽᎹḌޚࠊᑺࣙᣀㅒথᎹḌޚ᠔䳔㽕ⱘℹ偸ǃ᭛ӊǃ䗑䏾ࠊᑺˈҹঞџܜ⹂ᅮⱘᡍޚሖDŽᎹᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃWork Performance Information [Output/Input]˖᳝݇Ўњᅠ៤乍ⳂᎹ㗠ℷ䖯㸠ⱘ乍Ⳃ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᎹ⢊ᗕⱘֵᙃ᭄ˈᬊ䲚Пৢ៤Ўᣛᇐㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᠻ㸠䖛*ⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽֵᙃࣙᣀ˖ৃѸҬ៤ᵰⱘ⢊ᗕ˗ব䇋∖ǃ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼǃ乘䰆㸠ࡼ㔎䱋ׂⱘᅲᮑ⢊ᗕ˗ᇮ䳔Ԅㅫⱘ乘⌟˗Ꮉⱘᅲԧᅠ៤ⱒߚ↨˗ᡔᴃᅲᮑᬜᵰ⌟䞣ⱘᅲ⦄Ӌؐ˗䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᓔྟᅠ៤᮹ᳳDŽᎹ䇈ᯢкStatement of Work (SOW)˖ᇍᑨᦤկⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰⱘ᭛ᄫ䇈ᯢDŽᎹ㒚ⳂWork Package˖Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘЁ᳔ԢሖⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰ乍ⳂᎹ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽᎹ㒚ⳂࣙᣀЎᅠ៤䆹Ꮉ㒚ⳂৃѸҬ៤ᵰ乍ⳂᎹ㒘៤䚼ߚ㗠ᖙ䳔ⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䅵ߦ䞠DŽ䇋㾕ࠊ䋺ⳂDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3562004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
≳䗮Communication˖㋏㒳ഄՓ⫼݅ৠヺোǃᷛᖫ㸠ЎⱘҎҎП䯈Ѹᤶֵᙃ䖛DŽ≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦCommunication Management Plan [Output/Input]˖䇈ᯢབϟџ乍ⱘ᭛ӊ˖≳䗮䳔㽕ᇍ乍Ⳃⱘᳳᳯ˗བԩҹঞҹԩ⾡ᮍᓣѸᤶֵᙃ˗↣乍≳䗮ԩᯊԩ໘䖯㸠˗⬅ԩҎ䋳䋷ᦤկ⾡ᔶᓣⱘ≳䗮DŽ≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦৃҹᰃℷᓣ䴲ℷᓣⱘˈᵕЎ䆺㒚Ⳍᔧὖᣀⱘˈԧ㾚乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ㽕∖㗠ᅮDŽ≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ߫乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦПݙˈ㗙ऩ⣀߫ߎDŽ≳䗮㾘ߦCommunications Planning [Process]˖⹂ᅮ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ᇍֵᙃ≳䗮᠔䳔㽕ⱘ䖛˖ાѯҎЎ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ˈҪӀᇍ乍Ⳃⱘ߽ᆇ݇㋏ᑺᕅડᇣˈԩҎ䳔㽕ԩ⾡ֵᙃǃԩᯊ䳔㽕ˈҹঞབԩ݊ᦤկֵᙃDŽᵘ៤ᭈԧⱘIntegrated˖Ͼ㒘៤䚼ߚᕐℸП䯈㘨㋏ǃ㘨㒧ǃড়Ѹ㒛ˈড়ᑊϔ䍋ᵘ៤᳝ࡳ㛑ⱘ㒳ϔᭈԧⱘDŽᅮᘏӋড়ৠFixed-Price or Lump-Sum Contract˖ᇍѢᚙމकߚᯢ⹂ⱘѻક㽕∖ᅮᘏӋⱘϔ⾡ড়ৠDŽᅮᘏӋড়ৠгৃҹࣙᣀ哧ࢅᗻџ乍ˈҹ֗Փ䖒ࠄ䍙䖛џܜ䗝ᅮⱘ乍ⳂⳂᷛˈ՟བ䖯ᑺⳂᷛDŽ᳔ㅔऩⱘᅮᘏӋড়ৠህᰃ䞛䌁ऩDŽᅮᘏӋࡴ༪ࢅ䝀䞥ড়ৠFixed-Price-Incentive-Fee (FPIF) Contract˖⬅фᮍपᮍᬃҬџܜ⹂ᅮⱘ䞥乱˄⬅ড়ৠ㾘ᅮ˅ˈᑊϨབᵰपᮍ䖒ࠄњ㾘ᅮⱘᅲᮑᷛޚˈ䖬ৃᕫࠄϔヨ乱䞥乱ⱘড়ৠDŽ乒ᅶⱘໄ䷇Voice of the Customer˖ᣝ✻ⷨࠊ乍Ⳃѻકⱘ↣ϔ䰊↉ᇚ乒ᅶⱘ㽕∖ব៤Ⳍᑨⱘᡔᴃ㽕∖䇈ᯢкˈ䖯㗠ᦤկⳳℷড乒ᅶ㽕∖ⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰⱘϔ⾡㾘ߦᡔᴃDŽ݇䬂⌏ࡼCritical Activity˖ԡѢ݇䬂䏃㒓Ϟⱘӏԩ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼDŽ᭄ᚙމϟ⬅݇䬂䏃㒓⊩⹂ᅮDŽ㱑✊᳝ѯϡ݇䬂䏃㒓Ϟⱘ⌏ࡼ䆡ⱘᛣНϞᰃĀ݇䬂ā⌏ࡼˈԚ䖭ϔН乍Ⳃ⦃๗ЁᕜᇥՓ⫼DŽ݇䬂䫒⊩Critical Chain Method [Technique]˖䌘⑤᳝䰤ᯊ䇗ᭈ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ⱘϔ⾡䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤᡔᴃDŽ݇䬂䫒⊩䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤЁᇚ⹂ᅮᗻ䱣ᴎᗻᮍ⊩㒧ড়њ䍋ᴹDŽ݇䬂䏃㒓Critical Path [Output/Input]˖ϔ㠀㗠㿔ˈ݇䬂䏃㒓ᰃއᅮ乍Ⳃᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈䭓ⷁⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᑣ߫DŽԚᚙމгᑊ䴲ᘏᰃབℸDŽϔ㠀㗠㿔ˈᅗᰃ䗮䖛乍Ⳃⱘ᳔䭓䏃㒓DŽ✊㗠ˈৃВ՟䇈ᯢˈ݇䬂䏃㒓ৃҹℶѢ໘Ѣ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼Ё䯈ˈᑊফࠄĀϡ䖳Ѣᅠ៤ā㉏ൟⱘᔎࡴ᮹ᳳ䖯ᑺ㑺ᴳⱘᶤϔ䅵ߦ䞠DŽ䇋㾕݇䬂䏃㒓⊩DŽ݇䬂䏃㒓⊩Critical Path Method (CPM) [Technique]˖⫼Ѣ⹂ᅮ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰Ё⾡䘏䕥㔥㒰䏃㒓Ϟ䖯ᑺᅝᥦ♉⌏ᗻᇣ˄ᯊᏂᇣ˅ˈ䖯㗠⹂ᅮ乍Ⳃᘏᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ᴃ䇁∛㓪 ᳔ⷁⱘϔ⾡㔥㒰ߚᵤᡔᴃDŽᣝ㾘ᅮⱘᓔྟ᮹ᳳ߽⫼ℷ䅵ㅫ䅵ㅫ᳔ᮽᓔྟᅠ៤᮹ᳳ*DŽҢ㾘ᅮⱘᅠ៤᮹ᳳ˄䗮ᐌᰃℷ䅵ㅫᕫࠄⱘ᳔ᮽᅠ៤᮹ᳳ˅ᓔྟˈ߽⫼ড䅵ㅫ䅵ㅫ᳔䖳ᓔྟᅠ៤᮹ᳳDŽㅵ⧚߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙Manage Stakeholders [Process]˖ㅵ⧚Ϣ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ≳䗮ˈ⒵䎇݊㽕∖ᑊ㾷އϢ݊থ⫳ⱘ䯂乬ⱘ䖛DŽㅵ⧚乍Ⳃಶ䯳Manage Project Team [Process]˖⊼㾚ಶ䯳៤ਬⱘ㸼⦄ˈᦤկড作ˈ㾷އ䯂乬ᑊण䇗ব࣪ҹ֓ᔎ乍Ⳃᠻ㸠ᬜᵰⱘ䖛DŽ㾘ߦࣙPlanning Package˖ࠊ䋺᠋ПϟˈᎹݙᆍᏆⶹˈԚ≵᳝䆺㒚ⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽ䇋㾕ࠊ䋺᠋DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 357
ᴃ䇁∛㓪㾘ߦ䖛Planning Processes [Process Group]˖⹂ᅮ᳔ৢᅠ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈˈࠊᅮ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦˈ䆚߿থ⫳乍ⳂПݙⱘ乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼ*ᑊЎ݊ᅝᥦᯊ䯈ⱘϾ䖛DŽ㾘ⶽGround Rules [Tool]˖乍Ⳃಶ䯳ЎᬍᎹ݇㋏ǃᬜᵰ≳䗮ᯊ᠔䞛㒇ⱘ㸠Ў⏙ऩˈ߫ߎ⾡ৃফϡৃফⱘ㸠ЎDŽ⒮ࡼᓣ㾘ߦRolling Wave Planning [Technique]˖ϔ⾡䗤ℹᅠⱘ㾘ߦᮍᓣˈᑨѢ䖥ᳳᅠ៤ⱘᎹᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘⱘ㒚㟈㾘ߦˈ㗠ޚ䖰ᳳᅠ៤ⱘᎹᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘⱘ䕗㉫⬹㾘ߦˈԚᰃᑨЈ䖥ᔧࠡⱘϔϸϾᳳ䯈ݙᅠ៤ⱘᎹⱘ䆺㒚㾘ߦᑨᔧᔧᳳᎹ䖥ᅠ៤ᯊᅠ៤DŽ䖛Process˖Ўњ៤ህϔ㒘㾘ᅮⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰ㗠ᅲᮑⱘϔ㋏߫ⳌѦ㘨㋏ⱘ㸠ࡼ⌏ࡼDŽ䖛㒘Process Group˖䇋㾕乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘DŽԄㅫEstimate[Output/Input]˖ᇍৃ㛑㦋ᕫⱘ᭄䞣㒧ᵰⱘᅮ䞣Ԅ䅵DŽ䗮ᐌ⫼Ѣ乍Ⳃ៤ᴀǃ䌘⑤ǃҎᡩܹϢᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ˈՓ⫼ᯊ䗮ᐌᏺׂ᳝佄䇁˄བ˖߱ℹԄㅫǃὖᗉԄㅫǃৃ㸠ᗻԄㅫǃ䞣㑻Ԅㅫǃ䰤ᅮᗻԄㅫ˅DŽϨӏԩᯊ䛑ᑨ䆹ࣙᣀᇍ㊒⹂ᑺⱘᶤ⾡㸼⼎˄՟བˈ± x%˅DŽHড়⧚៤ᴀԄㅫShould-Cost Estimate˖ᇍѻક᳡ࡵ៤ᴀⱘϔ⾡Ԅㅫˈ⫼Ѣ䆘Ӌ乘ᳳपЏ᠔៤ᴀⱘড়⧚ᗻDŽড়ৠContract[Output/Input]˖ড়ৠᰃϔ⾡ᇍঠᮍ᳝㑺ᴳⱘण䆂ˈ㾘ᅮपᮍᖙ乏ሹ㸠ᦤկᣛᅮѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰⱘНࡵˈ㗠фᮍᖙ乏ሹ㸠ЎℸᬃҬℒ乍ⱘНࡵDŽড়ৠᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘContract Work Breakdown Structure (CWBS) [Output/Input]˖⬅ㅒ䅶ড়ৠⱘपᮍ᠔ᦤߎ㓈ᡸⱘᄤ乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃ㒘៤䚼ߚΤЎ乍ⳂᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽড়ৠᎹ䇈ᯢкContract Statement of Work (SOW) [Output/Input]˖ᇍѢড়ৠ㾘ᅮᦤկⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰⱘ㾷䞞ᗻ䇈ᯢDŽড়ৠㅵ⧚Contract Administration [Process]˖ㅵ⧚བϟџ乍ⱘ䖛˖ㅵ⧚ড়ৠҹঞфᮍϢपᮍП䯈ⱘ݇㋏˗ᅵᶹᑊ䆄䕑पᮍሹ㸠ড়ৠⱘ㸼⦄ሹ㸠ⱘ㒧ᵰˈҹ֓⹂ᅮᖙ㽕ⱘ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼˈᑊЎ⹂ᅮᇚᴹৠपᮍⱘ݇㋏ᦤկձ˗ㅵ⧚Ϣড়ৠ᳝݇ⱘবᑊᖙ㽕ᯊㅵ⧚ৠ乍Ⳃ䚼фЏП䯈ⱘড়ৠ݇㋏DŽড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦContract Management Plan [Output/Input]˖䇈ᯢབԩㅵ⧚ԧⱘড়ৠ᭛ӊˈৃ㛑ࣙ䇌བ䗦䗕ᖙ㽕ⱘ᭛ӊᇍሹ㸠ড়ৠᦤߎⱘ㽕∖ㄝџ乍DŽড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦৃҹᰃℷᓣ䴲ℷᓣⱘˈᵕЎ䆺㒚Ⳍᔧὖᣀⱘˈԧ㾚ড়ৠⱘ㽕∖㗠ᅮDŽ↣ϔ乍ড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䛑ᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘߚ䅵ߦDŽড়ৠ㒧ሒContract Closure [Process]˖ᅠ៤Ϣ㒧ㅫড়ৠⱘ䖛ˈࣙᣀ㾷އ᠔᳝䘫⬭䯂乬ᑊ㒧ᴳ↣ϔӑড়ৠDŽḌᇍ㸼Checklist [Output/Input]˖Ўњ֓Ѣ↨䕗ˈ⹂ֱᙄᔧˈϡӮᖬ䆄ㅵ⧚᳝݇㸠ࡼ㗠߫ϔ䍋ⱘџ乍⏙ऩDŽḌᇍ㸼ⱘ՟ᄤৃВ䋼䞣㾘ߦᳳ䯈᠔ѻ⫳㗠䋼䞣ࠊᳳ䯈᠔Փ⫼ⱘᑨẔᶹџ乍⏙ऩDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3582004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ḌᅲVerification [Technique]˖䰊↉乍Ⳃ㒧ᴳᯊ䆘Ӌ㒘៤䚼ߚѻકˈњ㾷⹂䅸ᰃ৺⒵䎇џܜᮑࡴⱘᴵӊⱘᡔᴃDŽ䇋Ϣ⹂䅸↨䕗DŽ῾䘧Bar Chart [Tool]˖ᰒ⼎Ϣ䖯ᑺֵ᳝݇ᙃⱘᔶDŽൟⱘ῾䘧Ёˈ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚ㞾Ϟ㗠ϟ߫Ѣ䆹Ꮊջˈ᮹ᳳ㞾Ꮊ㗠েᰒ⼎Ѣ䆹Ϟ䚼ˈ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈⫼᳝ᷛ᮹ᳳⱘ῾䘧㸼⼎DŽ῾䘧г⿄⫬⡍ǒGantt chartǓDŽৢ㓁⌏ࡼSuccessor Activity˖㋻䱣ܜ㸠⌏ࡼПৢⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼˈϸ㗙ⱘܜৢ⬅݊䘏䕥݇㋏⹂ᅮDŽৢ㓁㗙Successor˖䇋㾕ৢ㒻⌏ࡼ (Successor Activity)DŽಲ䙓亢䰽Risk Avoidance [Technique]˖ᇍѢϔ⾡࿕㚕ᬍব乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦҹᥦ䰸亢䰽㗙ֱᡸ乍ⳂⳂᷛՓ݊ܡফᕅડⱘϔ⾡亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦᡔᴃ*DŽϔ㠀䇈ᴹˈಲ䙓亢䰽㽕∖ᬒᵒᯊ䯈ǃ៤ᴀǃ㣗ೈ䋼䞣ⳂᷛDŽ∛ᘏ⌏ࡼHammock Activity˖䇋খ㾕ǒsummary activityǓDŽ㒬ࠊ⌕Flowcharting [Technique]˖ҹḚⱘᔶᓣ䇈ᯢ㋏㒳ݙϔϾϾ䖛ⱘ䕧ܹǃ໘⧚㸠ࡼ䕧ߎDŽ⌏ࡼActivity˖乍Ⳃ䖛ЁᅲᮑⱘᎹऩܗDŽ䇋খⳟ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼDŽ⌏ࡼ㓪োActivity Identifier˖㒭ќ乍䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘଃϔⷁᇣ᭄ᄫᄫ↡ᷛ䆚ˈҹ֓ᇚℸ乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼ*Ϣ݊Ҫ⌏ࡼⳌऎ߿DŽ䗮ᐌӏԩϔϾ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰Ёˈ⌏ࡼ㓪োϡ㛑ѦⳌ䞡DŽ⌏ࡼ㓪ⷕActivity Code˖ᷛ䆚Ꮉ⡍⚍ҹᶤ⾡ᮍᓣऎ߿䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ㉏߿ˈҹ֓ਞЁㄯ䗝ᑊ⹂ᅮ⌏ࡼ乎ᑣⱘϔϾϾ᭄ᄫᄫ↡DŽ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Activity Duration˖䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᓔྟᅠ៤П䯈ҹ᮹ग़ऩԡ㸼⼎ⱘᯊ䯈↉DŽ䇋খⳟᅲ䰙ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ǃॳᅮᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈࠽ԭᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈DŽ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ԄㅫActivity Duration Estimating [Process]˖Ԅㅫᅠ៤ऩ乍䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ᠔䳔㽕ⱘᎹᯊ↉᭄ⱘ䖛DŽ⌏ࡼᅮН[䖛]Activity Definition [Process]˖⹂ᅮᅠ៤乍Ⳃ䷙ৃѸҬ៤ᵰ㗠乏ᓔሩⱘԧ⌏ࡼDŽ⌏ࡼৡ⿄Activity Description (AD)˖Ϣ⌏ࡼ㓪োϔ䍋Ў↣ϔ乍䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ㗠Փ⫼ⱘⷁ䇁ᷛㅒˈҹ֓ᇚ䆹乍䅵ߦ⌏ࡼϢ݊Ҫ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⳌऎ߿DŽ⌏ࡼৡ⿄䗮ᐌ䇈ᯢ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᎹ㣗ೈDŽ⌏ࡼᥦᑣActivity Sequencing [Process]˖䆚߿䆄ᔩ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼП䯈ⳌѦ䘏䕥݇㋏ᴃ䇁∛㓪 ⱘ䖛DŽ⌏ࡼ⏙ऩActivity List [Output/Input]˖߫ߎ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘℷᓣ㸼Ḑˈᰒ⼎⌏ࡼৡ⿄ǃ⌏ࡼ㓪োˈҹঞ䎇䆺㒚ⱘᎹ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢˈҹ֓乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬⶹ䘧ᑨᔧخાѯᎹDŽ⌏ࡼሲᗻ[៤ᵰ/ձ]Activity Attributes [Output/Input]˖ৃҹܹ߫⌏ࡼ⏙ऩⱘ↣ϔ乍䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ᠔᳝ⱘ⾡ሲᗻDŽ⌏ࡼሲᗻࣙᣀ⌏ࡼ㓪ⷕǃܜ㸠⌏ࡼǃৢ㒻⌏ࡼǃ䘏䕥݇㋏ǃᦤࠡᯊ䯈⒲ৢᯊ䯈ǃ䌘⑤㽕∖ǃᔎࡴ᮹ᳳǃࠊ㑺㋴؛䆒DŽ⌏ࡼ䌘⑤ԄㅫActivity Resource Estimating [Process]˖Ԅㅫᅠ៤乍䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ᠔䳔䌘⑤㉏ൟ᭄䞣ⱘ䖛DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 359
ᴃ䇁∛㓪JᴎӮOpportunity˖᳝߽Ѣ乍Ⳃⱘ⢊މᔶˈϔ༫⿃ᵕⱘᚙᔶˈϔ㋏߫⿃ᵕⱘџӊˈᇍѢ乍ⳂⱘⳂ᳝ᷛ⿃ᵕᕅડⱘ亢䰽ˈ㗙থ⫳⿃ᵕব࣪ⱘৃ㛑ᗻDŽ䆩ৠ࿕㚕↨䕗DŽ䞥Funds˖ᢹ᳝ⱘ偀ϞህৃҹՓ⫼ⱘ䋻Ꮥ䋶䌘⑤DŽޚBaseline˖˄ᇍ乍ⳂǃᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚǃᎹ㒚Ⳃ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ˅㒣ᡍޚⱘᣝᯊ䯈ᅝᥦⱘ䅵ߦˈࡴϞޣএ㒣ᡍޚⱘ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈǃ៤ᴀǃ䖯ᑺᡔᴃবDŽϔ㠀ᣛᔧࠡⱘޚˈгৃҹᣛ᳔߱ⱘᶤѯ݊ҪޚDŽ䗮ᐌϢׂ佄䇁䖲⫼˄՟བ˖៤ᴀޚǃ䖯ᑺޚǃᅲᮑᚙމ⌟䞣ޚǃᡔᴃޚ˅DŽ䇋㾕ᅲᮑᚙމ⌟䞣ޚDŽޚᓔྟ᮹ᳳBaseline Start Date˖ᡍޚњⱘ䖯ᑺޚЁˈᶤ乍䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᓔྟ᮹ᳳDŽ䇋㾕䖯ᑺ㾘ᅮᓔྟ᮹ᳳǒscheduled start dateǓDŽޚᅠ៤᮹ᳳBaseline Finish Date˖ᡍޚњⱘ䖯ᑺޚЁˈᶤ乍䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᅠ៤᮹ᳳDŽ䇋㾕䖯ᑺ㾘ᅮᅠ៤᮹ᳳǒscheduled finish dateǓDŽेࠏ᮹ᳳTime-Now Date˖䇋㾕᭄᮹ᳳDŽ䲚ᗱᑓⲞBrainstorming [Technique]˖ϔ⾡䗮⫼ⱘ᭄ᬊ䲚▔থ߯䗴ᗻⱘᮍ⊩ˈेী䲚ϔ㒘ಶ䯳៤ਬԧ䯂乬ϧᆊ䲚ԧ⤂䅵⤂ㄪˈৃ⫼ᴹᡒߎ⾡亢䰽ǃЏᛣ㾷އ䯂乬ⱘࡲ⊩DŽ䗮ᐌˈ䲚ᗱᑓⲞӮⱘᅝᥦᑨ䆒⊩خࠄᡞ↣ԡϢӮ㗙ⱘ䆒ᛇ䛑䆄ᔩϟᴹˈҹ֓᮹ৢ䖯㸠ߚᵤDŽ䅵ߦProgram˖ϔ㒘ᕐℸП䯈ⳌѦ㘨㋏ⱘ乍Ⳃ㒳ϔ䖯㸠ㅵ⧚ˈৃপᕫߚ߿ㅵ⧚᮴⊩ᕫࠄⱘ߽ⲞࠊDŽ䅵ߦПЁৃ㛑ࣙᣀ䍙ߎϾሲѢ䅵ߦⱘऩ⣀乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘ᳝݇Ꮉⱘ៤ߚDŽ䅵ߦᎹ乘ㅫ៤ᴀBudgeted Cost of Work Scheduled (BCWS)˖䇋㾕䅵ߦӋؐǒplanned valueǓDŽ䅵ߦㅵ⧚Program Management˖ᇍ䅵ߦ䖯㸠䲚Ё㒳ϔⱘㅵ⧚ˈҹ֓ᅲ⦄䅵ߦⱘ⬹Ⳃ߽ᷛⲞDŽ䅵ߦㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸProgram Management Office (PMO)˖ᇍԧⱘϔϾϾ䅵ߦ䖯㸠䲚Ё㒳ϔⱘㅵ⧚ˈ䖭ḋخৃҹЎ݅ѿ䌘⑤ǃᮍ⊩㋏ǃᎹᡔᴃˈҹঞ᳝݇催ሖ乚ᇐᇍ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ݇ᖗ䞡⚍㗠ᅲ⦄݅ৠⱘ߽ⲞDŽ䇋㾕乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸDŽ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼSchedule Activity˖ϔϾ乘ᅮⱘˈ乍Ⳃ䖯ሩᳳ䯈ᅲᮑⱘˈৃߚᓔⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘᎹDŽ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼϔ㠀䛑Ԅㅫњᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ǃ៤ᴀ䌘⑤㽕∖DŽ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᣝ✻䘏䕥݇㋏ৠ݊Ҫ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䅵ߦ䞠䖲䍋ᴹˈ㗠ϨᰃҢᎹࣙߚ㾷ߎᴹⱘDŽ䅵ߦӋؐPlanned Value (PV)˖Ў䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚ䳔㽕ᅠ៤ⱘ䖯ᑺ㾘ᅮⱘᎹߚ䜡ᑊ㒣䖛ᡍޚⱘ乘ㅫDŽ䖛এ⿄Ў䅵ߦᎹ乘ㅫ៤ᴀǒbudgeted costs of work scheduled, BCWSǓDŽ䅵ߦᓔྟ᮹ᳳPlanned Start Date (PS)˖䇋㾕䖯ᑺ㾘ᅮᓔྟ᮹ᳳǒscheduled start dateǓDŽ䅵ߦᅠ៤᮹ᳳPlanned Finish Date (PF)˖䇋㾕䖯ᑺ㾘ᅮᅠ៤᮹ᳳǒscheduled finish dateǓDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3602004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ᡔ㛑Skill˖ϔ⾡߽⫼ⶹ䆚ⱘ㛑ˈݏ៤ⱘ㛑ˈ㗙㚰ӏᛝᖿഄ᳝ᬜᠻ㸠ᓔሩϔ乍⌏ࡼⱘ㛑DŽᡔᴃTechnique˖⫳ѻѻકˈপᕫ៤ᵰᦤկ᳡ࡵЁҎ㉏䌘⑤ᓔሩ⌏ࡼ᠔Փ⫼ⱘϔ⾡⹂ᅮⱘ㋏㒳ᗻᑣˈᡔᴃгৃ㛑Փ⫼ϔ⾡⾡ᎹDŽᡔᴃ㾘ᅮ⬠䰤Specification Limits˖⚍㒬ࠊϞⱘ᭄ⱘЁᖗ㒓ेᑇഛؐϸ䖍ˈ⒵䎇乒ᅶᇍѻક᳡ࡵⱘ㽕∖ⱘऎඳDŽ䆹ऎඳѢᇣѢ⬅ࠊ⬠䰤⹂ᅮⱘऎඳⱘৃ㛑ᗻ䛑᳝DŽ䇋㾕ࠊ⬠䰤ǒControl LimitsǓDŽᡔᴃ㾘ᅮ䇈ᯢкSpecification˖ᅠ៤ǃ㊒⹂ǃৃҹḌᅲഄ㾘ᅮ㋏㒳ǃ㒘៤䚼ߚǃѻકǃ៤ᵰ᳡ࡵⱘ㽕∖ǃᓣḋǃᗻ㛑݊Ҫ⡍ᗻⱘ᭛ӊDŽᡔᴃ㾘ᅮ䇈ᯢкᇍѢ⹂ᅮ䖭ѯ㾘ᅮᰃ৺ᕫࠄњ䌃ᕏⱘᑣгབৠϞ䗄خњ㾘ᅮDŽ՟ᄤ᳝㽕∖䇈ᯢкǃ䆒䅵㽕∖䇈ᯢкǃѻક㽕∖䇈ᯢк䆩偠㽕∖䇈ᯢкDŽᡔᴃᅲᮑᬜᵰ⌟䞣Technical Performance Measurement [Technique]˖ᇚ乍Ⳃᠻ㸠ᳳ䯈ⱘᡔᴃ៤ህϢ乍Ⳃ䅵ߦЁⱘ䅵ߦᡔᴃ៤ህ㸼䖯㸠↨䕗ⱘϔ⾡ᡔᴃᅲᮑᬜᵰ⌟䞣ᡔᴃDŽ䖭ϔᡔᴃৃҹᡞ乍Ⳃⱘѻકⱘ݇䬂ᡔᴃখ᭄ᔧϔ⾡䋼䞣ᑺ䞣ᷛޚՓ⫼DŽᑺ䞣ⱘ㒧ᵰሲѢᎹᅲᮑᬜᵰֵᙃⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽӋؐᎹValue Engineering˖ӋؐᎹᰃӬ࣪乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳ៤ᴀǃ㡖ⳕᯊ䯈ǃࡴ߽⍺ǃᦤ催䋼䞣ǃᠽᏖഎӑ乱ǃ㾷އ䯂乬ǃ᳝ᬜ߽⫼䌘⑤ⱘϔ⾡߯䗴ᗻᮍ⊩DŽ؛䆒Assumptions [Output/Input]˖؛䆒ᰃᣛ䙷ѯࠊᅮ䅵ߦᯊˈ㹿㾚Ўℷ⹂ǃⳳᅲ㗙⹂ᅮⱘ㋴DŽ؛䆒ᕅડࠄ乍Ⳃ㾘ߦⱘ᠔᳝ᮍ䴶ˈᰃ乍Ⳃ䗤ℹᅠ⡍⚍ⱘϔϾᮍ䴶DŽ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᐌᐌᇍ؛䆒䖯㸠䆚߿ǃ䆄ᔩϢ偠䆕ˈᇚ݊ᔧخ㾘ߦ䖛ⱘϔ䚼ߚDŽ؛䆒䗮ᐌ䛑ᏺ᳝ᶤ⾡ᑺⱘ亢䰽DŽ؛䆒ߚᵤAssumptions Analysis [Technique]˖䅼؛䆒ⱘޚ⹂ᗻˈᑊ߸ᮁ؛䆒ⱘϡޚ⹂ǃϡ䖲䌃ϡᅠᭈᇚ㒭乍Ⳃᏺᴹԩ⾡亢䰽ⱘϔ⾡ᮍ⊩DŽⲥ㾚Monitor˖ᇍ✻䅵ߦ᧰䲚乍Ⳃᅲᮑᚙމⱘ᭄ˈ⌟䞣乍Ⳃⱘᅲᮑᚙމˈᑊਞᬷথ乍ⳂᅲᮑᚙމⱘֵᙃDŽⲥ㾚Monitoring˖ᰃMonitorⱘ⦄ߚ䆡DŽⲥ㾚ࠊ䖛Monitoring and Controlling Processes [Process Group]˖⌟䞣ⲥ㾚乍Ⳃᠻ㸠ҹ֓ᖙ㽕ᯊ䞛প㑴ℷ㸠ࡼࠊ䰊↉乍Ⳃⱘᠻ㸠ⱘ䖛DŽⲥ㾚ࠊ乍ⳂᎹMonitor and Control Project Work [Process]˖ⲥ㾚ࠊਃࡼǃ㾘ߦǃᠻ㸠㒧ᴳ乍Ⳃ᠔ᖙ䳔ⱘϾ䖛ҹ֓⒵䎇乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкЁ⹂ᅮⱘᅲᮑⳂᷛⱘ䖛DŽᴃ䇁∛㓪 ẔᶹInspection[Technique]˖Ҩ㒚ᶹⳟ⌟䞣ˈҹ֓Ḍᅲ⌏ࡼǃ㒘៤䚼ߚǃѻકǃ៤ᵰ᳡ࡵᰃ৺ヺড়㾘ᅮⱘ㽕∖DŽᓎゟ㔥㒰Networking [Technique]˖ৠ㛑णࡽᅲ⦄Ⳃᷛሹ㸠䋷ӏⱘҎᓎゟ݇㋏DŽᓎ䆂䙔䇋кRequest for Proposal (RFP)˖䇋ѻક᳡ࡵⱘ乘ᳳपᮍᦤѸᓎ䆂кⱘϔ⾡䞛䌁᭛ӊDŽᶤѯᑨ⫼乚ඳ݊Н᳝ৃ㛑⣁じ㗙ԧDŽㆁ㒓Arrow˖ㆁ㒓⊩Ёˈ㸼⼎䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ˗㗠㋻ࠡ݇㋏⊩Ёˈ߭㸼⼎䅵ߦ⌏ࡼП䯈ⱘ䘏䕥݇㋏DŽ䇋㾕ㆁ㒓⊩ǒarrow diagramming methodǓDŽㆁ㒓⊩Arrow Diagramming Method (ADM) [Technique]˖ϔ⾡䅵ߦ㔥㒰㾷⊩ˈ݊Ё⫼ㆁ㒓㸼⼎䅵ߦ⌏ࡼDŽㆁ㒓ሒ䚼㸼⼎⌏ࡼⱘᓔྟˈ݊༈䚼㸼⼎⌏ࡼⱘᅠ៤®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 361
ᴃ䇁∛㓪˄ㆁ㒓ⱘ䭓ᑺᑊϡ㸼⼎䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ乘䅵ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈˅DŽ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ⿄Ў㡖⚍˄䗮ᐌ⬏៤ᇣ˅ⱘ⚍Ϟ䖲ˈ㸼⼎䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ乘䅵ᅲᮑ乎ᑣDŽ䇋㾕㋻ࠡ݇㋏⊩ǒprecedence diagramming methodǓDŽ㾦㡆Role˖џܜᯢ⹂⬅ϔϾ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬሹ㸠ⱘ㘠㛑ˈ՟བ䖯㸠⌟䆩ǃᄬḷǃẔᶹǃ㓪ⷕDŽ䰊↉Phase˖䇋㾕乍Ⳃ䰊↉ǒproject phaseǓDŽ㡖⚍Node˖⹂ᅮ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ⱘ䇌⚍Пϔ˗Ўᶤѯ᠔᳝݊Ҫձ䌪݇㋏㒓ⱘ䖲⚍DŽ䇋㾕ㆁ㒓㒬⊩ǒarrow diagramming methodǓ㋻ࠡ݇㋏㒬⊩ǒprecedence diagramming methodǓDŽ㒧ᴳ乍ⳂClose Project [Process]˖ᅠ㒧᠔᳝乍Ⳃ䖛㒘Ёⱘ᠔᳝⌏ࡼҢ㗠ℷᓣഄ㒧ᴳ乍Ⳃ䰊↉ⱘ䖛DŽℶ᮹ᳳAs-of Date˖䇋㾕᭄᮹ᳳDŽ㋻ࠡ݇㋏Precedence Relationship˖㋻ࠡ݇㋏㒬⊩Ё㸼⼎䘏䕥݇㋏ⱘᴃ䇁DŽԚⳂࠡⱘ⫼⊩Ёˈ᮴䆎Փ⫼ા⾡㔥㒰ˈ㋻ࠡ݇㋏ǃ䘏䕥݇㋏ձ䌪݇㋏ᕜᑺϞᛣНⳌԐˈৃҹѦⳌѸ᳓Փ⫼DŽ㋻ࠡ݇㋏㒬⊩˄ऩҷো㔥㒰˅Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM)[Technique]˖ϔ⾡⫼ᮍḚ˄㡖⚍˅㸼⼎䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰㒬ࠊᡔᴃDŽ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᔶЁᣝϔ⾡⾡䘏䕥݇㋏䖲䍋ᴹˈҹᰒ⼎⌏ࡼⱘᅲᮑ乎ᑣDŽ䖥݇䬂⌏ࡼNear-Critical Activity˖ᘏᯊᏂ⫮ᇣⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼDŽ䖥݇䬂⌏ࡼⱘὖᗉৠḋৃҹ⫼Ѣ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䅵ߦ㔥㒰䏃㒓DŽᘏᯊᏂᰃ৺䖥݇䬂ⱘ䰤ᑺ⬅ϧᆊ߸ᮁއᅮˈ㗠Ϩ乍Ⳃ㗠ᓖDŽ䖯ᑺবᏂSchedule Variance (SV)˖乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺᬜ⥛ⱘϔ⾡ᑺ䞣DŽ᭄ؐϞЎᅲ⦄Ӌؐ˄EV˅Ϣ䅵ߦӋؐ˄PV˅ϸ㗙ПᏂˈेSV=EV-PVDŽ䇋㾕ᅲ⦄Ӌؐㅵ⧚ǒEarned Value ManagementǓDŽ䖯ᑺ㸼Schedule˖䇋㾕乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ǒproject scheduleǓ䖯ᑺൟǒschedule modelǓDŽ䖯ᑺߚᵤSchedule Analysis˖䇋㽟䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤǒschedule network analysisǓDŽ䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦSchedule Management Plan [Output/Input]˖⹂ᅮࠊᅮࠊ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ⱘޚ߭⌏ࡼⱘ᭛ӊDŽ䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚߚ䅵ߦDŽ䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦৃҹᰃℷᓣ䴲ℷᓣⱘˈᵕЎ䆺㒚Ⳍᔧὖᣀⱘˈԧ㾚乍Ⳃⱘ䳔㽕㗠ᅮDŽ䖯ᑺ㾘ᅮᓔྟ᮹ᳳScheduled Start Date (SS)˖䅵ߦ⌏ࡼЁᅝᥦᎹᓔྟⱘᯊ䯈⚍DŽ䖯ᑺ㾘ᅮᓔྟ᮹ᳳ䗮ᐌ⬅᳔ᮽᓔྟ᮹ᳳ᳔䖳ᓔྟ᮹ᳳϸ㗙᠔⬠ᅮⱘऎ䯈ݙDŽᅗৃ㛑ডḍ⿔㔎䌘⑤᠔ⱘᑇ㸵DŽ᳝ᯊгিخ䅵ߦᓔྟ᮹ᳳ˄Planned start date˅DŽ䖯ᑺ㾘ᅮᅠ៤᮹ᳳScheduled Finish Date (SF)˖䅵ߦ⌏ࡼЁᅝᥦᎹᅠ៤ⱘᯊ䯈⚍DŽ䖯ᑺ㾘ᅮᅠ៤᮹ᳳ䗮ᐌ⬅᳔ᮽᅠ៤᮹ᳳ᳔䖳ᅠ៤᮹ᳳϸ㗙᠔⬠ᅮⱘऎ䯈ݙDŽᅗৃ㛑ডḍ⿔㔎䌘⑤᠔ⱘᑇ㸵DŽ᳝ᯊгিخ䅵ߦᅠ៤᮹ᳳ˄Planned finish date˅DŽ䖯ᑺࠊSchedule Control [Process]˖ࠊ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺবⱘ䖛DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3622004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
䖯ᑺ䞠Schedule Milestone˖乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼Ёⱘ䞡㽕џӊˈ՟བࠊ㑺ᇚᴹᎹᷛᖫⴔЏ㽕ৃѸҬ៤ᵰᅠ៤ⱘџӊDŽ䖯ᑺ䞠ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ў䳊DŽ᳝ᯊг⿄Ў䞠⌏ࡼDŽ䇋㾕䞠DŽ䖯ᑺൟSchedule Model [Tool]˖䖯㸠䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤᯊ䖲ৠᎹᮍ⊩乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊϔ䍋Փ⫼ⱘϔ⾡ൟˈⳂⱘᰃࠊᅮߎㅵ⧚乍Ⳃⱘᠻ㸠䖛ЁՓ⫼ⱘ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼DŽ䇋㾕乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼DŽ䖯ᑺᅲᮑᣛ᭄Schedule Performance Index (SPI)˖乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺᬜ⥛ⱘϔ⾡ᑺ䞣DŽ᭄ؐϞЎᅲ⦄Ӌؐ˄EV˅Ϣ䅵ߦ៤ᴀ˄PV˅П↨DŽSPIㄝѢEV䰸ҹPVDŽᔧSPIѢㄝѢ1ᯊˈ㸼ᯢᚙމ᳝߽ˈ㗠ᔧSPIᇣѢ1ᯊˈ㸼ᯢᚙމϡ߽DŽ䇋㾕ᅲ⦄Ӌؐㅵ⧚ (Earned Value Management)DŽ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤSchedule Network Analysis [Technique]˖䆚߿乍Ⳃ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᅠ䚼ߚ᳔ᮽϢ᳔䖳ⱘᓔྟϢᅠ៤᮹ᳳⱘᡔᴃDŽ䇋㾕݇䬂䏃㒓⊩ǒcritical path methodǓǃ݇䬂䫒⊩ǒcritical chain methodǓǃᴵӊৢᵰߚᵤ䌘⑤ᑇ㸵DŽ䖯ᑺय़㓽Schedule Compression [Technique]˖ϡ㓽ᇣ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘᴵӊϟ㐂ⷁ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈DŽ䇋㽟䍊ᎹǒcrashingǓᖿ䗳䎳䖯ǒfast trackingǓDŽ䖯ሩਞPerformance Reports [Output/Input]˖ὖᣀ㗠জ㋏㒳ഄᦤկ᳝݇Ꮉᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃǃᅲ⦄Ӌؐㅵ⧚খ᭄ঞ݊䅵ㅫ䖛ˈҹঞᇍ乍ⳂᎹ䖯ሩ⢊ᗕ䖯㸠ⱘߚᵤⱘ᭛ӊ㸼⦄↉DŽ䖯ሩਞⱘᐌ⫼Ḑᓣࣙᣀ῾䘧ǃS᳆㒓ǃⳈᮍǃ㸼Ḑˈҹঞ㸼⦄ᔧࠡ䖯ᑺ⢊ᗕⱘ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰DŽ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼCorrective Action˖ЎՓ乍ⳂᎹⱘᴹ乘䅵ᅲᮑᚙމϢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦֱᣕϔ㟈㗠Ўᅲᮑ乍ⳂᎹ᠔خⱘк䴶ᣛ⼎DŽⶽ䰉㒘㒛Matrix Organization˖乍Ⳃ㒣⧚㘠㛑㒣⧚݅ৠ䋳䋷ˈᅝᥦᎹ䕏䞡㓧ᗹᑊ乍ⳂᎹҎਬᏗ㕂Ꮉⱘ㒘㒛㒧ᵘDŽއㄪᷥߚᵤDecisionTree Analysis [Technique]˖އㄪᷥᰃ䇈ᯢℷ㗗㰥Ёⱘᶤ乍އㄪҹঞ䗝ᢽ䖭乍㗙䙷乍䗝ᮍḜ᠔ѻ⫳ৢᵰⱘϔ⾡DŽᔧᇚᴹⱘᶤѯᚙ᱃㸠ࡼৢᵰϡ⹂ᅮᯊˈՓ⫼އㄪᷥDŽއㄪᷥ㗗㰥њὖ⥛↣ϔ⾡џӊᇚᴹއㄪ䘏䕥䫒ⱘҷӋᬊⲞˈᑊ߽⫼乘ᳳ䋻ᏕӋؐߚᵤᐂࡽ㒘㒛䆚߿݊Ҫ᳓ҷ㸠ࡼⱘⳌᇍӋؐDŽ䇋㾕乘ᳳ䋻ᏕӋؐߚᵤDŽKᓔྟᇍᓔྟStart-to-Start (SS)˖ϔ⾡ৢ㒻䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᎹⱘਃࡼপއѢܜ㸠䅵ߦᴃ䇁∛㓪 ⌏ࡼⱘᎹਃࡼⱘ䘏䕥݇㋏DŽ䇋㾕䘏䕥݇㋏ǒlogical relationshipǓDŽᓔྟᇍᅠ៤Start-to-Finish (SF)˖ϔ⾡ৢ㒻䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᅠ៤পއѢܜ㸠䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘਃࡼⱘ䘏䕥݇㋏DŽ䇋㾕䘏䕥݇㋏ǒlogical relationshipǓDŽᓔྟ᮹ᳳStart Date˖䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᓔྟⱘᯊ䯈⚍ˈ䗮ᐌ⬅ҹϟ䆡∛Пϔׂ佄˖ᅲ䰙ǃ䅵ߦǃԄ䅵ǃ䖯ᑺ㾘ᅮǃ᳔ᮽǃ᳔䖳ǃⳂᷛǃޚǃᔧࠡDŽৃߚゟൟᡩܹDiscrete Effort˖ᇍѢԧⱘᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘᅠ៤᳝㛑Ⳉ䆚߿ⱘ䋵⤂ˈᑊৃⳈ㾘ߦ㸵䞣˄⌟䞣˅ⱘᎹᡩܹDŽ䆩Ϣߚ᨞ൟᡩܹ↨䕗DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 363
ᴃ䇁∛㓪ৃѸҬ៤ᵰDeliverable [Output/Input]˖Ўᅠ៤ᶤϔ䖛ǃ䰊↉乍Ⳃ㗠ᖙ乏ѸҬⱘӏԩ⣀⡍ǃৃ偠䆕ⱘѻકǃ៤ᵰᦤկ᳡ࡵⱘ㛑DŽᔧᦤঞ䳔㒣乍ⳂྨᠬҎ乒ᅶᡍޚⱘ䚼ৃѸҬ៤ᵰᯊˈᛣНᐌᐌ⣁じDŽৃ䴴ᗻReliability˖ѻકԧⱘᴵӊϟϔᅮⱘᯊ䯈ݙᅲ⦄乘ᅮࡳ㛑ⱘৃ㛑ᗻDŽᅶ᠋ CustomerᇚᴹՓ⫼ᴀ乍Ⳃⱘѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰⱘϾҎ㒘㒛DŽ䇋㾕⫼᠋DŽࠊControl[Technique]˖ᇚᅲᮑ㒧ᵰϢ䅵ߦ䖯㸠↨䕗ˈߚᵤᏂᓖˈԄ䅵䍟ҹ֓ᬍ䖯䖛ˈ䆘Ӌৃկ㗗㰥ⱘ݊ҪᮍḜˈᑊḍ䳔㽕䞛প䗖ᔧ㑴ℷ㸠ࡼⱘ䖛DŽࠊControlling˖䇋㾕ࠊǒControlǓDŽࠊ⬠䰤Control Limits˖ࠊЁˈ⬅ҷ㸼ℷᗕߚᏗ᭄ᳳᳯؐⱘЁᖗ㒓Ϟϟϸ䖍䎱⾏ϝϾᷛޚഛᮍᏂⱘϸᴵᑇ㸠㒓ᵘ៤ⱘऎඳˈডњ᭄ⱘᳳᳯবࡼ㣗ೈˈ䇋㾕ᡔᴃ㾘ᅮ⬠䰤˄Specification Limits˅DŽࠊControl Charts˖ࠊህᰃᇚ䖛᭄ᣝᯊ䯈乎ᑣ↨✻џܜ⹂ᅮⱘࠊ⬠䰤⫼ᔶ㸼⦄ߎᴹDŽࠊ᳝ϔᴵЁᖗ㒓ˈ⫼Ѣ߸ᮁᷛϞⱘ᭄ؐأϸᴵࠊ⬠䰤ЁӏᛣϔϾⱘ䍟DŽࠊ䋺ⳂControl Account (CA) [Tool]˖ᰃ㓐ড়㣗ೈǃ乘ㅫǃᅲ䰙៤ᴀ䖯ᑺˈᑊᇍᅲᮑᚙމ䖯㸠⌟䞣ⱘㅵ⧚ࠊ⚍DŽࠊ䋺Ⳃ䆒㕂Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ˄䗝ᅮ∈ᑇϞⱘԧ㒘៤䚼ߚ˅ⱘџܜ䗝ᅮⱘㅵ⧚⚍ϞDŽ↣ϔϾࠊ䋺Ⳃ䛑ৃҹࣙᣀϔϾϾᎹ㒚ⳂˈԚᰃ↣ϔϾᎹ㒚ⳂাৃҹৠϔϾࠊ䋺ⳂⳌ㘨㋏DŽ↣ϔϾࠊ䋺Ⳃ䛑ৠ㒘㒛ߚ㾷㒧ᵘЁⱘϔϾԧ㒘㒛㒘៤䚼ߚⳌ㘨㋏DŽҹࠡ⿄Ў៤ᴀ䋺ⳂDŽ䇋㾕Ꮉ㒚ⳂDŽࠊ䋺Ⳃ䅵ߦControl Account Plan (CAP) [Tool]˖ࠊ䋺Ⳃ䳔㽕ᅠ៤ⱘܼ䚼ᎹҬߎⱘܼ䚼ࡾⱘ䅵ߦDŽ↣ϔࠊ䋺Ⳃ䅵ߦ䛑᳝⹂ᅮⱘᎹ䇈ᯢкǃ䖯ᑺ㸼ߦߚ䰊↉ⱘ乘ㅫDŽҹࠡ⿄Ў៤ᴀ䋺Ⳃ䅵ߦǒCost Account PlanǓDŽᖿ䗳䎳䖯Fast Tracking [Technique]˖ᬍব㔥㒰䘏䕥݇㋏ˈᇚℷᐌᚙމϟᣝܜৢ乎ᑣ䖯㸠ⱘ䰊↉˄՟བ䆒䅵䰊↉ϢᮑᎹ䰊↉˅䞡䍋ᴹˈ㗙ᑇ㸠ሩᓔ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘϔ⾡ԧ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺय़㓽ᡔᴃDŽ䇋খ㾕䖯ᑺय़㓽Ϣ䍊ᎹDŽL㉏↨ԄㅫAnalogous Estimating [Technique]˖ḍ䖛এ㉏Ԑ⌏ࡼⱘ㣗ೈǃ៤ᴀǃ乘ㅫᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ㄝখ᭄ⱘ᭄ؐ㗙ሎᇌǃ䞡䞣ᴖᑺㄝⱘᇣԄㅫᴹ⌏ࡼⱘⳌৠখ᭄ᇣⱘԄㅫᮍ⊩DŽᔧ᳝݇乍Ⳃⱘ䆺㒚ֵᙃⱘ᭄䞣᳝䰤ᯊ˄བᮽᳳ䰊↉˅ˈ㒣ᐌՓ⫼䖭⾡ᮍ⊩Ԅㅫᶤϔখ᭄DŽ㉏↨ԄㅫሲѢϔ⾡ϧᆊ߸ᮁDŽᔧҹࠡⱘ⌏ࡼϡҙ㸼ᅲ䰙Ϟ䛑㉏Ԑˈ㗠Ϩ㓪ࠊԄㅫⱘ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬᖙ㽕ⱘϧϮ㒣偠ᯊˈ㉏↨Ԅㅫ᳔ৃ䴴DŽ䞠Milestone˖乍ⳂЁⱘ䞡џӊᯊ⚍ˈ䇋㾕䖯ᑺ䞠DŽ䞠䖯ᑺ㸼Milestone Schedule [Tool]˖ᷛ⼎ߎЏ㽕䖯ᑺ䞠ⱘὖᣀᗻ䖯ᑺ㸼DŽ䇋㾕ᘏ䖯ᑺ㸼ǒmaster scheduleǓDŽग़ֵᙃHistorical Information˖᳝݇ҹࠡⱘ乍Ⳃⱘ᭛ӊ᭄ˈࣙᣀ乍ⳂḷḜǃ䆄ᔩǃߑӊǃ㒧⏙ⱘড়ৠ㒧ᴳⱘ乍ⳂDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3642004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙Stakeholder˖⿃ᵕখϢ乍Ⳃ㗙߽Ⲟৃ㛑ফࠄ乍Ⳃᅲᮑᅠ៤ⱘ⿃ᵕ⍜ᵕᕅડⱘϾҎ㒘㒛ˈ՟བ乒ᅶǃথ䍋Ҏǃᅲᮑ㒘㒛݀ӫDŽҪӀѺৃ㛑ᇍ乍Ⳃঞ݊ৃѸҬ㒧ᵰᮑࡴᕅડDŽ՟џ乍ਞException Report˖া䆄䕑Ϣ䅵ߦ᳝䞡ߎܹџ乍˄㗠ᑊ䴲ܼ䚼᳝ߎܹџ乍˅ⱘ᭛ӊDŽ䏃㒓ߚPath Divergence˖乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ЁҢৠϔ㡖⚍ᓩߎϾᑇ㸠ⱘ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰䏃㒓DŽ䏃㒓ߚⱘ⡍ᕕᰃˈ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ᳝ϔϾҹϞⱘৢ㒻⌏ࡼDŽ䏃㒓Ӯ㘮Path Convergence˖乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰Ёᇚᑇ㸠ⱘ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰䏃㒓㘮ড়Ѹৠϔ㡖⚍DŽ䏃㒓Ӯ㘮ⱘ⡍ᕕᰃˈ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ᳝ϔϾҹϞⱘܜ㸠⌏ࡼDŽ䏃㒓ᯊᏂPath Float˖䇋㾕ᯊᏂǒfloatǓDŽ䘏䕥˄݇㋏˅Logic˖䇋㾕㔥㒰䘏䕥DŽ䘏䕥݇㋏Logical Relationship˖ϸϾ乍Ⳃ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼˈ㗙ϔϾ乍Ⳃ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼϔϾ䖯ᑺ䞠П䯈ⱘձ䌪݇㋏DŽ䇋㾕㋻ࠡ䘏䕥݇㋏DŽ᳝4⾡ৃ㛑ⱘ䘏䕥݇㋏˖ᅠ៤ᇍᓔྟǃᅠ៤ᇍᅠ៤ǃᓔྟᇍᓔྟᓔྟᇍᅠ៤DŽ䘏䕥Logic Diagram˖䇋㾕乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰DŽMфЏBuyer˖Ў㒘㒛Ёѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰⱘ㦋ᕫ㗙DŽपЏSeller˖㒘㒛ᦤկѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰⱘկᑨଚDŽपЏ䗝ᢽSelect Seller [Process]˖ᅵᶹӋᓎ䆂ˈ┰ⱘपЏЁ䯈䗝ᢽˈᑊϢᶤϔपЏଚᅮк䴶ড়ৠⱘ䖛DŽ㩭⡍व㔫ߚᵤMonte Carlo Analysis˖߽⫼Ңৃ㛑៤ᴀᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ⱘὖ⥛ߚᏗЁ䱣ᴎ䗝পⱘ䕧᭄ܹ䅵ㅫ䞡䅵ㅫ乍Ⳃ៤ᴀ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺˈҹ֓䅵ㅫߎ乍Ⳃᘏ៤ᴀᅠ៤᮹ᳳⱘৃ㛑ߚᏗⱘϔ⾡ᡔᴃDŽᬣᛳᗻߚᵤSensitivity Analysis˖ϔ⾡⫼ҹᐂࡽ⹂ᅮાѯ亢䰽ᇍ乍Ⳃ᳔᳝ⱘ┰ᕅડⱘᅮ䞣亢䰽ߚᵤᓎᡔᴃDŽᬣᛳᗻߚᵤ㗗ᆳ↣ϔϾ乍Ⳃ㋴ⱘϡ⹂ᅮᗻ᠔᳝݊Ҫϡ⹂ᅮᗻ㋴ֱᣕޚ᭄ؐϡবᯊᕅડ໘Ѣ㗗ᆳПЁⱘⳂᷛⱘᑺDŽߚᵤ㒧ᵰⱘൟ㸼⼎ᮍᓣᰃ啭ो亢DŽᢳSimulation˖ϔ⾡ҹ䞛⫼乍Ⳃൟᇚ䆺㒚䇈ᯢⱘϡ⹂ᅮ㋴䕀ᤶЎᭈϾ乍ⳂሖϞᇍ乍Ⳃᷛৃ㛑ѻ⫳ⱘ┰ᕅડⱘᢳDŽ乍ⳂᢳՓ⫼䅵ㅫᴎൟᇍᴃ䇁∛㓪 亢䰽ⱘԄㅫˈᇍ亢䰽ⱘԄㅫϔ㠀ᰃ䆺㒚Ꮉⱘ៤ᴀᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ৃ㛑᭄ؐߚᏗⱘὖ⥛ˈԧᢳᯊ߽⫼㩭⡍व㔫ߚᵤDŽⳂᷛObjective˖Ꮉᮍ᠔ᣛⱘџ⠽˗乏䖒ࠄⱘ⬹ԡ㕂˗℆ࠄ䖒ⱘⳂⱘ˗℆পᕫⱘ៤ᵰ˗ޚ⫳ѻߎᴹⱘѻક˗ޚᦤկⱘ᳡ࡵDŽⳂᷛ䖯ᑺ㸼Target Schedule˖䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤ䖛Ё⫼Ѣ↨䕗ⱘ䖯ᑺ㸼ˈৃ㛑Ϣޚ䖯ᑺ㸼ϡৠDŽ䇋㾕ޚǒbaselineǓDŽⳂᷛᓔྟ᮹ᳳTarget Start Date (TS)˖䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᣝ䅵ߦ˄Ⳃᷛ˅ᑨ䆹ᓔྟⱘ᮹ᳳDŽⳂᷛᅠ៤᮹ᳳTarget Completion Date (TC)˖ࠊ㑺ҹ݊Ҫᮍᓣ㑺ᴳ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤⱘᔎࠊ㾘ᅮ᮹ᳳDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 365
ᴃ䇁∛㓪Ⳃᷛᅠ៤᮹ᳳTarget Finish Date (TF)˖䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᣝ䅵ߦ˄Ⳃᷛ˅ᑨ䆹ᅠ៤ⱘ᮹ᳳNᢳᅮ˄߱ℹ˅乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкDevelop Project Scope Statement (Preliminary)[Process]˖ᢳᅮ߱ℹ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкˈὖᣀഄ䆄ভ㣗ೈⱘ䖛DŽPᏩ㌃ᠬPareto Diagram [Tool]˖ϔ⾡ᣝџӊথ⫳乥⥛ᥦᑣⱘⳈᮍˈᰒ⼎↣⾡Ꮖ䆚߿ⱘॳ㛑ѻ⫳ᇥ⾡ৢᵰDŽ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚㋏㍅Configuration Management System [Tool]˖ᰃᭈϾ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㋏㒳ⱘϔϾᄤ㋏㒳DŽ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚㋏㍅ᰃϔ༫ᬊ䲚ℷᓣ᭛ӊⱘᑣˈ݊⫼䗨ᰃᡔᴃㅵ⧚ᮍ䴶ᣛᇐⲥⴷҹϟ䖛˖䆚߿䆄䕑ѻકǃ᳡ࡵǃ㒧ᵰ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘࡳ㛑ᅲԧ⡍ᕕ˗ࠊϞ䗄⡍ᕕⱘ᠔᳝ব˗䆄ᔩਞ↣ϔ乍বঞ݊ᅲᮑ⢊މ˗Ўᇍ✻㽕∖䇈ᯢкᅵᆳѻકǃ᳡ࡵǃ㒧ᵰ㒘៤䚼ߚᰃ৺⒵䎇њ㽕∖㗠༴ᅮ⸔DŽ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚ࠊᑺࣙᣀ䆄䕑ǃ䗑䏾ࠊᑺˈҹঞЎḌޚࠊব㗠䳔㽕џܜ⹂ᅮⱘᡍޚሖDŽ᭄ᑨ⫼乚ඳˈ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚ࠊᑺࣙᣀবࠊࠊᑺDŽᡍޚApprove˖ℷᓣ⹂䅸ǃᬃᣕǃ䅸ৃৠᛣᶤџ⠽ⱘ㸠ࡼDŽᡍޚ˄ৡ䆡˅Approval˖䇋㾕ᡍޚ˄ࡼ䆡˅DŽᡍޚⱘব䇋∖Approved Change Request [Output/Input]˖Ꮖ㒣䖛ᭈԧবࠊ䖛໘⧚ᑊᡍޚⱘব䇋∖DŽ䇋Ϣ⬇䇋ⱘব↨䕗DŽأᏂVariance˖أ⾏Ꮖⶹޚ乘ᳳ᭄ؐⱘᇣDŽأᏂߚᵤVariance Analysis [Technique]˖ᇚ㣗ೈǃ៤ᴀ䖯ᑺব䞣ⱘᘏأᏂߚ㾷ЎϢᏆ㒣ᶹᯢᕅડ㣗ೈǃ៤ᴀ䖯ᑺব䞣ⱘ㋴Ⳍᇍᑨⱘԧ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘϔ⾡ᮍ⊩DŽQਃࡼ䖛Initiating Processes [Process Group]˖Ḍޚ⹂ᅮ乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃᮄ䰊↉ⱘ㣗ೈ㗙Փ᱖ذⱘ乍ⳂᎹ㒻㓁䖯㸠ⱘ䖛DŽ䞣ⱘਃࡼ䖛ϔ㠀ᰃ⬅䍙ߎ乍Ⳃࠊ㣗ೈПⱘ㒘㒛ǃ䅵ߦ㒘ড়㸠ࡼ䖛ᅠ៤ⱘˈ㗠䖭ѯ䖛ᵘ៤њ乍Ⳃਃࡼ䖛㒘ⱘձDŽਃࡼ㗙Initiator˖᮶᳝㛑জ᳝ᴗ䰤ਃࡼ乍ⳂⱘϾҎ㒘㒛DŽᔎࠊ᮹ᳳImposed Date˖ᮑࡴѢ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ䅵ߦ䞠Ϟⱘᅮ᮹ᳳˈϔ㠀䞛পĀϡᮽѢĂĂᓔྟāĀϡ䖳ѢĂĂᅠ៤āⱘᔶᓣDŽ䇋∖पᮍಲᑨRequest Seller Responses [Process]˖পᕫֵᙃǃӋǃᡩᷛкǃⲬᓎ䆂кⱘ䖛ˈԧ㾚ᚙމ㗠ᅮDŽ᳆㒓S-Curve S˖ҹᯊ䯈Ў῾തᷛ㒬ࠊⱘ㌃䅵៤ᴀǃᎹᯊǃᎹⱒߚ↨݊Ҫ᭄䞣ⱘ᳆㒓DŽ䆹ৡ⿄ᴹ㞾᳆㒓Ϣ㣅䇁ᄫ↡SⳌԐⱘᔶ⢊˄佪ሒ䕗ᑇ㓧ˈЁ䯈䕗䰵˅ˈ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3662004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
乍Ⳃᓔྟᯊ㓧᜶ˈ䱣ৢࡴᖿ䗳ᑺˈᬊሒᯊ䗤⏤ᬊᬯˈᬙѻ⫳ℸ⾡᳆㒓DŽ䆹ᴃ䇁Ѻ⫼Ѣᢳ᠔ѻ⫳ⱘ㌃䅵ৃ㛑ᗻߚᏗˈᰃᅮ䞣亢䰽ߚᵤⱘϔ⾡ᎹDŽ䍟ߚᵤTrend Analysis [Technique]˖ḍग़៤ᵰ߽⫼᭄ᄺൟ乘⌟ᴹ㒧ᵰⱘϔ⾡ߚᵤᡔᴃDŽ䖭ᰃ߽⫼ҹࠡ䖯ሩਞᳳ䯈ⱘ᭄⹂ᅮ乘ㅫǃ៤ᴀǃ䖯ᑺ㣗ೈখ᭄أ⾏ᶤϔޚⱘᑺᑊ乍Ⳃⱘᠻ㸠䖛≵᳝বⱘᚙމϟ乘䅵䆹খ᭄乍ⳂᴹᶤϾᯊ⚍Ϟৃ㛑أ⾏ޚᑺᇣⱘϔ⾡ᮍ⊩DŽܼ䴶䋼䞣ㅵ⧚Total Quality Management (TQM) [Technique]˖㒘㒛ᅲ㸠䋼䞣ᬍ䖯䅵ߦⱘϔ⾡ᐌ⫼ࡲ⊩DŽᴗবᮑWorkaround[Technique]˖ᇍѢᏆ㒣থ⫳ⱘϡ߽亢䰽ⱘᑨᇍDŽϢᑨᗹ䅵ߦⱘϡৠ⚍Ѣᴗবᮑ亢䰽џӊথ⫳ПࠡᑊџܜᅝᥦDŽᴗ䰤Authority˖Փ⫼乍Ⳃ䌘⑤ǃᓔ䫔䌘䞥ǃߎއᅮ㒭ќᡍޚⱘᴗ߽DŽ㔎䱋Defect˖乍Ⳃ㒘៤䚼ߚЁϡ⒵䎇˄ᅶ᠋˅㽕∖䇈ᯢкᡔᴃ㾘ᅮ䇈ᯢкⱘ㽕∖ˈᑊ䳔㽕㓈ׂ˄ׂ⧚˅ᤶ˄ᮄ˅ⱘ⨩⯈˄ϡᅠ˅㔎䱋˄㔎ⓣ˅DŽ㔎䱋㓈ׂ˄ׂ⧚˅Defect Repair˖䆚߿乍Ⳃ㒘៤䚼ߚЁⱘᶤϔ㔎䱋Пৢℷᓣᔶ៤᭛ӊˈᑊᦤߎᇍ䖭ϔ㔎䱋䖯㸠ׂ⧚ᕏᑩᤶ䖭ϔ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘᓎ䆂DŽ⹂ᅮⱘᅮᘏӋড়ৠFirm-Fixed-Price (FFP) Contract˖⬅фᮍपᮍᬃҬџܜ⹂ᅮⱘ䞥乱˄⬅ড়ৠ㾘ᅮ˅ˈ㗠ϡ㗗㰥पᮍ៤ᴀⱘϔ⾡ᅮᘏӋড়ৠDŽ⹂䅸Validation[Technique]˖䰊↉乍ⳂЁ䯈㒧ᴳᯊ䆘Ӌ㒘៤䚼ߚѻકˈ⹂ֱヺড়㾘ᅮⱘ㽕∖ⱘᡔᴃDŽ䇋ϢḌᅲ↨䕗DŽRҎᡩܹEffort˖ᅠ៤ϔ乍䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚ᠔䳔㽕ⱘҎᎹऩԡϾ᭄DŽ䗮ᐌҹҎᯊǃҎ᮹Ҏ਼Ўऩԡ䅵ㅫDŽ䇋Ϣᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ǒdurationǓ↨䕗DŽҎᡩܹ䞣Level of Effort (LOE)˖ϡᯧ⫼ৃߚ៤ህࡴҹ㸵䞣ⱘ䕙ࡽᗻᎹ˄՟བϢկᑨଚ㗙乒ᅶⱘ㘨㋏ǃ乍Ⳃ៤ᴀḌㅫǃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ㄝ˅DŽ䆹㉏Ꮉⱘ⡍⚍ᰃ⌏ࡼϔ↉ᯊ䯈ݙࣔ䗳䖯㸠ˈ䗳ᑺপއѢ᠔ᬃᣕⱘᎹDŽҎ䌘⑤㾘ߦHuman Resources Planning [Process]˖䆚߿乍Ⳃ㾦㡆ˈᇚ㾦㡆ⱘ䋷ӏਞ݇㋏ᔶ៤᭛ӊˈᑊࠊ䅶Ҏਬ䜡ㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘ䖛DŽҎਬ䜡ㅵ⧚䅵ߦStaffing Management Plan [Output/Input]˖䇈ᯢԩᯊϢབԩ⒵䎇Ҏ䌘⑤㽕∖ⱘ᭛ӊDŽҎਬ䜡ㅵ⧚䅵ߦৃҹ߫乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦПݙˈ㗙ऩ⣀߫ᴃ䇁∛㓪 ߎDŽ䆹䅵ߦৃҹᰃ䴲ℷᓣⳌᔧὖᣀⱘˈгৃҹᰃℷᓣᵕЎ䆺㒚ˈԧ㾚乍Ⳃⱘ䳔㽕㗠ᅮDŽҎਬ䜡ㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁࣙᣀⱘֵᙃ䱣ᑨ⫼乚ඳ乍Ⳃⱘ㾘㗠ᓖDŽӏࡵTask˖㸼⼎ᎹⱘϔϾᴃ䇁ˈ݊Н㊒ᖗࠊᅮⱘ乍ⳂᎹ䅵ߦЁⱘԡ㕂ᑨ⫼乚ඳǃ㸠Ϯ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊⱘ⠠ো㗠ᓖDŽ᮹䆄Log˖⫼Ѣ䆄ᔩ䇈ᯢ㾷䞞䖛⌏ࡼᳳ䯈থ⦄ᑊ㒣䖛䗝ᢽⱘџ乍ⱘ᭛ӊDŽՓ⫼ᯊϔ㠀ᏺׂ᳝佄៤ߚˈ՟བ䯂乬ǃ䋼䞣ࠊǃ㸠ࡼ㔎䱋DŽ᮹ग़ऩԡCalendar Unit˖㓪ࠊ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ᯊ᠔䞛⫼ⱘ᳔ᇣᯊ䯈ऩԡDŽ᮹ग़ऩԡ䗮ᐌЎᇣᯊǃ਼ˈԚгৃҹᰃᄷᑺǃ᳜ǃ⧁ˈ⫮㟇ᰃߚ䩳DŽ᮹ᳳDate˖㸼⼎᮹ग़Ϟⱘ᮹ǃ᳜ᑈⱘᴃ䇁ˈ᳝ᯊг㸼⼎ᯊࠏDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 367
ᴃ䇁∛㓪Sϝ⚍ԄㅫThree-Point Estimate [Technique]˖ߚ߿ҹϝϾ៤ᴀᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫ㸼⼎Ф㾖ǃ᳔ৃ㛑ᚆ㾖ᚙމⱘϔ⾡ߚᵤᡔᴃDŽᔧ⌏ࡼ៤ᴀ㒘៤䚼ߚϡ⹂ᅮᯊՓ⫼䖭⾡ᡔᴃᬍ៤ᴀᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫⱘޚ⹂ᗻDŽϝ䞡ࠊ㑺ᗱ㗗⊩Triple Constraint˖䆘Ӌᕐℸゲѝⱘ㽕∖ᯊ䙉ᕾⱘϔ⾡ᗱ㗗ᮍᓣDŽϝ䞡ࠊ㑺ᗱ㗗⊩㒣ᐌҹϝ㾦ᔶᔶ䈵ഄ㸼⼎ˈ݊ЁϔϾ䖍ϔϾ㾦㸼⼎乍Ⳃಶ䯳ㅵ⧚᠔ㅵ⧚ⱘϔϾখ᭄DŽ䆒䅵ᅵᶹDesign Review [Technique]˖ᇍ䆒䅵ᮍḜ䖯㸠䆘Ӌˈ⹂ֱ㋏㒳ѻકⱘ䆒䅵⒵䎇ᅶ᠋㽕∖䇈ᯢкᅲᮑ៤ࡳˈ㛑⫳ѻ㓈ᡸⱘϔ⾡ㅵ⧚ᡔᴃDŽ⬇䇋ⱘবRequested Change [Output/Input]˖ᦤѸ㒭ᭈԧবࠊ䖛㽕∖ᡍޚᑊᏆᔶ៤ℷᓣ᭛ӊⱘব䇋∖DŽ䇋Ϣᡍޚⱘব䇋∖↨䕗DŽ⫳ੑᳳLife-Cycle˖䇋㾕乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳDŽ࠽ԭᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Remaining Duration (RD)˖ҟѢ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ⱘ᭄᮹ᳳᶤ᳝ᅲ䰙ᓔྟ᮹ᳳⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᅠ៤᮹ᳳП䯈ⱘҹ᮹ग़ऩԡ㸼⼎ⱘᯊ䯈DŽ࠽ԭᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈㸼⼎ᔧᎹ䖯ሩЁᯊЎњᅠ៤䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ᠔䳔㽕ⱘᯊ䯈DŽ༅ᬜᓣϢᕅડߚᵤFailure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) [Technique]˖ߚᵤѻક᠔᳝㒘៤䚼ߚⱘ᠔᳝ৃ㛑ⱘ༅ᬜᓣˈҹ֓⹂ᅮᇍ䆹㒘៤䚼ߚⱘৃ䴴ᗻˈҹঞ⾡༅ᬜᓣᴀ䑿Ϣ݊Ҫৃ㛑ⱘ༅ᬜᓣϔ䍋݅ৠᇍѻક㋏㒳ⱘৃ䴴ᗻ䆹㒘៤䚼ߚⱘᖙࡳ㛑ⱘᕅડ˗㗙㋏㒳䕗ԢⱘሖϞҨ㒚Ẕᶹѻકⱘ᠔᳝ৃ㛑ⱘ༅ᬜᮍᓣⱘϔ⾡ߚᵤᑣDŽᇍѢ↣ϔ⾡┰ⱘ༅ᬜˈ䛑㽕ԄㅫᇍᭈϾ㋏㒳ⱘᕅડৢᵰDŽℸˈ䖬ᇍЎ䰡Ԣ༅ᬜⱘৃ㛑ᗻঞ݊ᕅડ㗠䅵ߦ䞛পⱘ㸠ࡼ䖯㸠ᅵᶹDŽᮑࡴᕅડ㗙Influencer˖ৠ乍ⳂѻકⱘপᕫՓ⫼≵᳝Ⳉ݇㋏ˈԚᰃ݊乒ᅶ㒘㒛*Ёⱘഄԡ㗠㛑ᇍ乍Ⳃⱘ䖯ᮑࡴ⿃ᵕ⍜ᵕᕅડⱘϾҎ䲚ԧDŽᯊᷛ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰Time-Scaled Schedule Network Diagram[Tool]˖ӏԩ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ҹ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘԡ㕂Ϣ䭓ᑺҷ㸼݊ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ⱘDŽᯊᷛ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ᅲ䋼Ϟᰃࣙ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰䘏䕥ⱘ῾䘧DŽᯊᏂFloat˖㣅᭛Ёг⫼Slackϔ䆡DŽ䇋খ㾕ᘏᯊᏂǒtotal floatǓ㞾⬅ᯊᏂǒfree floatǓDŽᯊᏂSlack˖䇋㾕ᘏᯊᏂ㞾⬅ᯊᏂDŽⳌᔧѢfloatDŽᅲ䰙ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Actual Duration˖䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᅲ䰙ᓔྟ᮹ᳳϢ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ⱘ᭄᮹ᳳᅲ䰙ᅠ៤᮹ᳳП䯈ҹ᮹ग़ऩԡ㸼⼎ⱘᯊ䯈↉ˈԧ㾚䆹䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᰃ䖯ሩПЁ䖬ᰃᏆ㒣ᅠ៤㗠ᅮDŽᅲ䰙៤ᴀActual Cost (AC)˖⡍ᅮᯊ↉ᅠ៤䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘᎹᯊˈᅲ䰙ᓔ䫔ᑊ䆄ᔩⱘᘏ៤ᴀDŽᅲ䰙៤ᴀ᳝ᯊҙЎⳈᎹᯊǃⳈ៤ᴀˈ᳝ᯊгЎࣙᣀ䯈៤ᴀݙⱘ᠔᳝៤ᴀDŽ᳝ᯊг⿄ᏆᅠᎹⱘᅲ䰙៤ᴀ˄ACWP˅DŽ䇋㾕ᅲ⦄Ӌؐㅵ⧚ᅲ⦄Ӌؐᮍ⊩DŽᅲ䰙ᓔྟ᮹ᳳActual Start Date (AS)˖ϔ乍䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᎹᅲ䰙ᓔྟⱘᯊ䯈⚍DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3682004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ᅲ䰙ᅠ៤᮹ᳳActual Finish Date (AF)˖ϔ乍䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᎹᅲ䰙ᅠ៤ⱘᯊ䯈⚍˄⊼˖ᶤѯᑨ⫼乚ඳˈᎹĀᴀᅠ៤āᯊˈेৃ㾚Ў⌏ࡼĀᅠ៤ā˅DŽᅲᮑᚙމ⌟䞣ޚPerformance Measurement Baseline˖ᕫࠄᡍޚⱘϔ⾡乍ⳂᎹ䅵ߦˈկㅵ⧚ࠊ⫼ᴹ↨䕗乍Ⳃⱘᠻ㸠ᚙމˈᑊ⌟䞣أ⾏䅵ߦⱘᚙމDŽᅲᮑᚙމ⌟䞣ޚϔ㠀ᇚ乍Ⳃⱘ㣗ೈǃ䖯ᑺ៤ᴀখ᭄㓐ড়ϔ䍋ˈԚгৃ㛑ࣙᣀᡔᴃ䋼䞣খ᭄DŽᅲᮑ䋼䞣ֱ䆕Perform Quality Assurance (QA) [Process]˖ᓔሩ᳝䅵ߦˈ㋏㒳ⱘ䋼䞣⌏ࡼ˄՟བᅵ䅵ৠ㸠䆘ᅵ˅ˈ⹂ֱ乍ⳂՓ⫼᠔᳝ヺড়㽕∖ⱘ䖛ⱘ䖛DŽᅲᮑ䋼䞣ࠊPerform Quality Control (QC) [Process]˖ⲥ㾚ԧⱘ乍Ⳃ㒧ᵰ*ˈ߸ᮁᰃ৺ヺড়᳝݇ⱘ䋼䞣ᷛޚᑊᇏᡒ䗨ᕘˈ⍜䰸ҸҎϡ⒵ᛣⱘᅲᮑ㒧ᵰⱘॳⱘ䖛DŽᅲᮑ㒘㒛Performing Organization˖䚼ߚҎਬⳈখϢ乍ⳂᎹⱘऩԡDŽᅲ⦄ӋؐEarned Value (EV)˖ᏆᅠᎹⱘӋؐˈҹ㒣䖛ᡍޚЎሲѢ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘ䆹Ꮉߚ䜡ⱘ乘ㅫ㸼⼎DŽг⿄ЎᏆᅠᎹ乘ㅫ៤ᴀ˄BCWP˅DŽᅲ⦄Ӌؐㅵ⧚Earned Value Management (EVM)˖ᇚ㣗ೈǃ䖯ᑺ䌘⑤㓐ড়䍋ᴹˈ䖯㗠ᅶ㾖⌟䞣乍Ⳃᅲᮑᚙމ䖯ሩⱘϔ⾡ㅵ⧚ᮍ⊩DŽ乍Ⳃᅲᮑᚙމᰃ⹂ᅮᏆᅠᎹ乘ㅫ៤ᴀ˄ेᅲ⦄Ӌؐ˅ˈᑊᇚ݊ϢᏆᅠᎹᅲ䰙៤ᴀ˄ेᅲ䰙៤ᴀ˅↨䕗Пৢ⌟ᅮⱘˈ㗠䖯ሩᰃᇚᅲ⦄ӋؐϢ䅵ߦӋؐ↨䕗Пৢ⌟ᅮⱘDŽᅲ⦄ӋؐᡔᴃEarned Value Technique (EVT) [Technique]˖⌟ᅮሲѢᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚǃࠊ䋺᠋乍ⳂⱘᎹᅲᮑᚙމⱘϔ⾡ԧᡔᴃDŽг⿄Ўᅲ⦄Ӌؐ㾘߭䆄ߚᮍ⊩DŽџӊEvent˖থ⫳ⱘџᚙˈي✊Пџˈ㒧ᵰDŽџϮEnterprise˖ଚোǃଚᑫǃଚ㸠ǃড়ӭџϮǃ݀ৌᬓᑰᴎᵘDŽџϮ⦃๗㋴Enterprise Environmental Factors [Output/Input]˖ೈ㒩乍Ⳃᕅડ乍Ⳃ៤䋹ⱘӏԩ᠔᳝ⱘ䚼⦃๗㋴Ϣݙ䚼㒘㒛⦃๗㋴DŽ䖭ѯ㋴ᴹ㞾ѢখϢ乍Ⳃⱘӏԩ᠔᳝ⱘऩԡˈᑊϨࣙᣀ㒘㒛᭛࣪Ϣ㒧ᵘǃ⸔䆒ᮑǃ⦄᳝ⱘ䌘⑤ǃᏆ᳝ⱘଚϮ᭄⿃㌃ǃᏖഎᴵӊ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊDŽᬊሒ䖛Closing Processes [Process Group]˖Ўℷᓣ㒜ℶ乍Ⳃ䰊↉ⱘ᠔᳝⌏ࡼˈᇚᅠ៤ⱘ៤ᵰ⿏ѸҪҎЎ㒧ᴳᶤপ⍜乍Ⳃ㗠ሩᓔⱘϔ㋏߫䖛DŽফ䌘⑤䰤ࠊⱘ䖯ᑺ㸼Resource-Limited Schedule˖䅵ߦ⌏ࡼǃ䅵ߦᓔྟϢᅠ៤᮹ᳳড乘ᳳৃ߽⫼䌘⑤ᚙމⱘ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼DŽফ䌘⑤䰤ࠊⱘ䖯ᑺ㸼≵᳝ӏԩ᳔ᮽǃ᳔䖳ᓔྟᅠ៤᮹ᳳDŽফ䌘⑤䰤ࠊⱘ䖯ᑺ㸼ⱘᘏᯊᏂᰃ䅵ㅫ݇䬂䏃㒓⊩᳔䖳ᴃ䇁∛㓪 ˆᅠ៤᮹ᳳϢফ䌘⑤䰤ࠊⱘ䅵ߦᅠ៤᮹ᳳП䯈ⱘᏂؐПৢ⹂ᅮⱘDŽফ䌘⑤䰤ࠊⱘ䖯ᑺ㸼Ѻিخফ䌘⑤ࠊ㑺ⱘ䖯ᑺ㸼DŽ䇋㾕䌘⑤ᑇ㸵DŽফ䌘⑤ࠊ㑺ⱘ䖯ᑺ㸼Resource-Constrained Schedule˖䇋㾕ফ䌘⑤䰤ࠊⱘ䖯ᑺ㸼DŽк䴶˄ᔶ៤᭛ӊⱘ˅ᑣDocumented Procedures˖ᇍѢབԩᓔሩ⌏ࡼǃᅠ៤䖛ǃՓ⫼ᡔᴃ䖤⫼ᮍ⊩ⱘℷᓣк䴶䇈ᯢDŽ䕧ߎOutput[Process Output]˖⬅䖛⫳៤ⱘѻકǃ៤ᵰ᳡ࡵDŽгৃҹᰃৢ㒻䖛ⱘ䕧ܹDŽ䕧ܹInput[Process Input]˖া᳝њПৢ䖛ᠡ㛑ᓔྟⱘ乍Ⳃⱘӏԩݙџ乍DŽгৃ㛑ᰃࠡϔ䖛ⱘ䕧ߎDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 369
ᴃ䇁∛㓪᭄᮹ᳳData Date (DD)˖乍Ⳃⱘਞ㋏㒳Ꮖ㒣ᦤկњᅲ䰙⢊މ乍ᅠ៤㒧ᵰⱘ᮹ᳳDŽᶤѯਞ㋏㒳ˈ᭄᮹ᳳⱘ⢊މֵᙃ䖛এˈ㗠ϔѯਞ㋏㒳ˈ᭄᮹ᳳⱘ⢊މֵᙃᇚᴹDŽг⿄ℶ᮹ᳳǒas-of dateǓेࠏ᮹ᳳ˄time-now date˅DŽঠҷো㔥㒰˄⌏ࡼⱘㆁ㒓㸼⼎⊩˅Activity-On-Arrow (AOA)˖䇋㾕ㆁ㒓⊩ǒarrow diagramming methodǓDŽ㋶ٓClaim˖पᮍᇍфᮍфᮍᇍपᮍḍ᳝⊩ᕟ㑺ᴳⱘড়ৠᴵℒˈ՟བথ⫳ѝ䆂ⱘব㗠ᦤߎⱘ䝀ǃ㸹ٓᬃҬℒ乍ⱘᴗ߽䇋∖ǃ㽕∖ЏᓴDŽTᗕߚᵤStrengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) Analysis˖䖭⾡ֵᙃᬊ䲚ᡔᴃҢ乍Ⳃⱘ↣ϔϾᔎ乍ǃᔅ乍ǃᴎӮ࿕㚕ⱘ㾦ᑺᇍ乍Ⳃ䖯㸠㗗ᆳˈҹ֓ᠽ亢䰽ㅵ⧚᠔㗗㰥ⱘ亢䰽ⱘᐙᑺDŽ⡍ᇨ㧆ᡔᴃDelphi Technique [Technique]˖⫼ᴹህᶤϔ乬ⳂপᕫϧᆊӀ㒳ϔⳟ⊩ⱘϔ⾡ֵᙃᬊ䲚ᡔᴃDŽ䆹乬Ⳃᮍ䴶ⱘϧᆊओৡখϢ䖭⾡ᡔᴃDŽֵᙃᬊ䲚ⱘ㒘㒛㗙߽⫼䇗ᶹ䯂ोህϢ䖭ϔ乬Ⳃ᳝݇ⱘ䞡㽕乍Ⳃ⚍ᕕ䆶ᛇ⊩DŽᬊࠄಲㄨПৢˈᔦ㒇ߎ㽕⚍ৢথ䖬㒭ԡϧᆊˈ䇋݊থ㸼ᛣ㾕DŽᔧ䖭ϔ䖛䞡䕂Пৢˈህৃ㛑পᕫϔ㟈ⱘⳟ⊩DŽ⡍ᇨ㧆ᡔᴃ᳝ࡽѢޣᇥ᭄Ёⱘأ㾕ᑊ䰆ℶӏԩϾҎᇍᕕ䆶㒧ᵰѻ⫳ϡᙄᔧⱘᕅડDŽ⡍⅞ॳSpecial Cause˖ϔ⾡ᑊ䴲㋏㒳᳝ˈ᮴⊩乘㾕ᑊᮁ㓁থ⫳أᏂⱘᴹ⑤DŽ⡍⅞ॳৃҹᓩ䍋ৃᔦⱘ⡍⅞ॳDŽࠊϞ䍙䖛ࠊ⬠䰤ⱘ⚍ࠊ⬠䰤Пݙⱘ䴲䱣ᴎߚᏗⱘᔶ⢊ህᰃ⡍⅞ॳ䗴៤ⱘDŽ⡍⅞ॳгিخৃᔦॳDŽ䇋Ϣᐌ㾕ॳ↨䕗DŽᦤࠡᯊ䯈Lead˖ܕ䆌ৢ㓁⌏ࡼࡴ䗳ᅲᮑⱘ䘏䕥݇㋏䰤ᅮᴵӊDŽ՟བˈϔ乍ܕ䆌᳝10ᦤࠡᯊ䯈ⱘᅠ៤ᇍᓔྟձ䌪݇㋏Ёˈৢ㓁⌏ࡼৃҹܜ㸠⌏ࡼᅠ៤ⱘ10ПࠡᓔྟᅲᮑDŽ䇋㾕ᓊ䖳ᯊ䯈ǒlagǓDŽ䋳ⱘᦤࠡᯊ䯈ⳌᔧѢℷⱘᓊ䖳ᯊ䯈DŽৠഄᅝᥦCo-location[Technique]˖Ўњᬍ≳䗮ǃᎹ݇㋏ᦤ催Ꮉᬜ⥛㗠䅽乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬᎹഄ⚍ᕐℸ䖥ⱘϔ⾡㒘㒛ᅝᥦㄪ⬹DŽᡩᷛ䙔䇋Invitation for Bid (IFB)˖ϔ㠀䇈ᴹˈℸᴃ䇁Ϣᕕ∖ᓎ䆂кНⳌӓDŽԚᶤѯᑨ⫼乚ඳˈ݊Нৃ㛑じˈԧDŽಶ䯳៤ਬTeam Members˖䇋㾕乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬǒproject team membersǓDŽWᅠ៤ⱒߚ↨Percent Complete (PC or PCT)˖ᇍϔ乍⌏ࡼᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚЁᏆᅠ៤Ꮉ䞣⫼ⱒߚ↨㸼⼎ⱘԄㅫDŽᅠ៤ᇍᓔྟFinish-to-Start (FS)˖ৢ㒻⌏ࡼⱘᎹᰃ৺ᓔྟপއѢܜ㸠⌏ࡼⱘᎹᅠ៤ⱘ䘏䕥݇㋏DŽ䇋খ㾕䘏䕥݇㋏ǒlogical relationshipǓDŽᅠ៤ᇍᅠ៤Finish-to-Finish (FF)˖া᳝ᔧܜ㸠⌏ࡼⱘᎹᅠ៤ᯊৢ㒻⌏ࡼⱘᎹᠡ㛑ᅠ៤ⱘ䘏䕥݇㋏DŽ䇋খ㾕䘏䕥݇㋏ǒlogical relationshipǓDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3702004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ᅠ៤᮹ᳳFinish Date˖Ϣ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᅠ៤Ⳍ݇㘨ⱘᯊ䯈⚍DŽ䗮ᐌ⫼ҹϟ䆡䇁Пϔࡴҹׂ佄˖ᅲ䰙ǃ䅵ߦǃԄ䅵ǃ䖯ᑺ᠔㾘ᅮǃ᳔ᮽǃ᳔䖳ǃޚǃⳂᷛᔧࠡDŽᅠ៤ᇮ䳔ԄㅫEstimate To Complete (ETC) [Output/Input]˖Ўᅠ៤䅵ߦ⌏ࡼǃᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚ乍Ⳃᴀ䑿ⱘ᠔᳝࠽ԭᎹ乘䅵䳔㽕ⱘ៤ᴀDŽ䇋খ㾕ᅲ⦄Ӌؐᡔᴃǒearned value techniqueǓᅠ៤ᯊԄㅫǒestimate at completionǓDŽᅠ៤ᯊԄㅫEstimate At Completion (EAC) [Output/Input]˖ᔧ㾘ᅮⱘᎹ㣗ೈᇚ㽕ᅠ៤ᯊˈ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼǃᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚ乍Ⳃᴀ䑿ⱘ乘䅵ᘏ៤ᴀDŽᅠ៤ᯊԄㅫ᭄䞣ϞㄝѢᅲ䰙៤ᴀ(AC)Ϣ᠔᳝࠽ԭᎹⱘᅠ៤ᇮ䳔Ԅㅫ(ETC)ПˈेEAC=AC+ETCDŽᅠ៤ᯊԄㅫৃҹḍ乍Ⳃ䖘ҞЎℶⱘᅲ䰙ᅲᮑᚙމ䖯㸠䅵ㅫˈгৃҹ⬅乍Ⳃಶ䯳ḍ݊Ҫ㋴䖯㸠ԄㅫDŽৢ㗙জᐌᐌিخ᳔䖥ׂℷԄㅫDŽ䇋খ㾕ᅲ⦄Ӌؐᡔᴃǒearned value techniqueǓᅠ៤ᇮ䳔Ԅㅫǒestimate to completionǓDŽᅠ៤ᯊ乘ㅫBudget At Completion (BAC)˖Ў䖯㸠ᶤϾ乍ⳂᶤϾᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚᶤϾ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᎹ᠔⹂ᅮⱘܼ䚼乘ㅫ乱ПDŽᇍ乍Ⳃᴹ䇈ˈ⿄Ў䅵ߦᘏ乱DŽ㔥㒰Network˖䇋㾕乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ǒproject schedule network diagramǓDŽ㔥㒰ߚᵤNetwork Analysis˖䇋㾕䖯ᑺߚᵤǒschedule network analysisǓDŽ㔥㒰ಲ䏃Network Loop˖ϸ䗮䖛ৠϔϾ㡖⚍ⱘ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰䏃㒓DŽӴ㒳ⱘ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤᡔᴃˈབ݇䬂䏃㒓⊩᮴⊩ߚᵤಲ䏃DŽ㔥㒰䏃㒓Network Path˖乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰Ё䗮䖛䘏䕥݇㋏䖲䍋ᴹⱘӏԩ䖲㓁䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᑣ߫DŽ㔥㒰䘏䕥Network Logic˖ᵘ៤乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰Ё乍䅵ߦ⌏ࡼП䯈ձ䌪݇㋏ⱘᘏDŽ㔥㒰ᇕ䯁ッNetwork Open End˖᮴ӏԩܜ㸠ৢ㒻⌏ࡼⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼˈ䗴៤њ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰䏃㒓ⱘᛣЁᮁDŽ㔥㒰ᇕ䯁ッϔ㠀ᰃ⬅Ѣ䘏䕥݇㋏ϡᯢ⹂㗠䗴៤ⱘDŽ࿕㚕Threat˖ϡ߽Ѣ乍Ⳃⱘϔ⾡⢊މᔶˈϔ㋏߫ⱘ㹿ࡼሔ䴶ˈޥϔ䍋ⱘ㢹ᑆ⍜ᵕџӊˈϔᮺথ⫳ᇚᇍ乍ⳂⱘⳂᷛѻ⫳⍜ᵕᕅડⱘ亢䰽ˈ㗙ѻ⫳⍜ᵕব࣪থ⫳ⱘৃ㛑ᗻDŽϢᴎӮⳌডDŽ᭛ӊDocument˖ᶤ⾡ҟ䋼ঞ䆄ᔩϞⱘֵᙃˈϔ㠀ৃ䭓ᳳֱᄬᑊ㛑⬅Ҏᴎ఼䯙䇏DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦǃᡔᴃ㾘ᅮ䇈ᯢкǃᑣǃ䆎᭛ݠഛЎ᭛ӊП՟DŽ䯂乬Issue˖᳝䯂乬᳝ѝ䆂ⱘ㾖⚍џᚙˈ㗙≵᳝㾷އᑊҡ䅼䆎᳝ᇍゟⱘ㾕㾷ϡϔ㟈ᛣ㾕ⱘ㾖⚍џᚙDŽᴃ䇁∛㓪 ⠽કGoods˖ଚકǃ఼⠽ǃ䋻⠽DŽ⠽䌘Materiel˖⬅㒘㒛ӏԩџϮЁՓ⫼ⱘϰ㽓ⱘܼԧˈ՟བ䆒ǃ఼ǃᎹǃᴎ఼ǃ⫼ǃᴤ᭭⠽કDŽXপⱘᬭ䆁Lessons Learned˖乍Ⳃᅲᮑ䖛Ёᄺࠄⱘϰ㽓DŽ᠔≆পⱘᬭ䆁ৃ䱣ᯊ䆚߿DŽѺ㹿㾚Ў乍Ⳃ䆄ᔩˈᑨᔧࡴࠄপⱘᬭ䆁ⶹ䆚ᑧПЁDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 371
ᴃ䇁∛㓪পⱘᬭ䆁ⶹ䆚ᑧLessons Learned Knowledge base˖ֱᄬܜࠡ乍Ⳃ䗝ᢽއᅮⱘ៤ᵰܜࠡ乍Ⳃⱘ㒽ᬜⱘग़ֵᙃপⱘᬭ䆁ⱘⶹ䆚ᑧDŽ㋏㒳 System⬅ϔ㒘ѦⳌձ䌪㾘ᕟᗻഄѦⳌᕅડⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚ䲚ড়៤ⱘᭈԧˈ݊ѻ⫳ᰃЎњᅲ⦄⹂ᅮⱘⳂᷛˈ㒘៤䚼ߚП䯈ⱘ݇㋏ᯢ⹂㗠জᣕЙˈ㗠ᭈԧⱘ㛑䖤㸠ᬜ⥛߭↨㒘៤䚼ߚⱘㅔऩᣐޥᔎDŽ㋏㒳ᅲԧϞゟ䎇Ѣ䖛ㅵ⧚䖛ˈԚ㒣ᐌⱘᰃϸ㗙ⱘ㒧ড়DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⱘ㋏㒳⬅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳᠔䖤⫼ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛ǃᡔᴃǃᮍ⊩㋏Ꮉ㒘៤DŽϟ䰤Threshold˖Փ⫼៤ᴀǃᯊ䯈ǃ䋼䞣ǃᡔᴃ䌘⑤ⱘ᭄ؐখ᭄ˈৃҹܹ߫ѻકᡔᴃ㽕∖䇈ᯢкЁDŽϔᮺ䍞䖛䖭ϔϟ䰤ˈህᑨ䞛পᶤ⾡㸠ࡼˈ՟བ㓪ݭᑊᦤѸ՟ਞDŽܜ㸠⌏ࡼPredecessor Activity˖އᅮৢ㒻⌏ࡼԩᯊᓔྟ㒧ᴳⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼDŽ乍ⳂProject˖Ў߯䗴⣀⡍ѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰ㗠䖯㸠ⱘϔᗻࡾDŽ乍Ⳃಶ䯳Project Team˖乍Ⳃಶ䯳ⱘ᠔᳝៤ਬˈࣙᣀ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ǃ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ˈᇍѢᶤѯ乍Ⳃ⫮㟇ࣙᣀ乍Ⳃথ䍋ҎDŽ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬProject Team Members˖Ⳉ䯈乍Ⳃ㒣⧚ਞᎹˈᑊᣝߚ䜡㒭ҪӀⱘℷᐌ㘠䋷䋳䋷ᅠ៤ӑݙⱘ乍ⳂᎹⱘҎਬDŽ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᓎ䆒Develop Project Team [Process]˖ᦤ催ಶ䯳៤ਬⱘᎹⳌѦ䜡ড়ⱘ㛑ˈҹ֓ᔎ乍Ⳃᅲᮑᬜᵰⱘ䖛DŽ乍Ⳃಶ䯳ৡᔩProject Team Directory˖᳝߫乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬঞ݊乍ⳂЁⱘ㾦㡆ֵᙃ≳䗮ᮍᓣ⏴䘧DŽ乍Ⳃ䞛䌁ㅵ⧚Project Procurement Management [Knowledge Area]˖䇋㾕䰘ᔩGDŽ乍Ⳃऩ߫㒘㒛Projectized Organization˖ӏԩ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚᳝ܼᴗއᅮᎹⱘ䕏䞡㓧ᗹǃՓ⫼䌘⑤ᑊᣛᇐߚ䜡㒭乍ⳂⱘҎਬᎹⱘ㒘㒛㒧ᵘDŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈProject Scope˖ЎѸҬ᳝㾘ᅮ⡍ᗻϢࡳ㛑ѻકǃ᳡ࡵ៤ᵰ᠔ᖙ乏ᅠ៤ⱘᎹDŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚Project Scope Management [Knowledge Area]˖䇋㾕䰘ᔩGDŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦProject Scope Management Plan [Output/Input]˖䇈ᯢབԩ⹂ᅮǃ㒚࣪Ḍᅲ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈˈབԩࠊᅮНᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘˈᑊᣛᇐ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ㅵ⧚ࠊ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘ᭛ӊDŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦࣙ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦПݙˈгৃҹᰃ݊Ёⱘϔ乍ߚ䅵ߦDŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚䅵ߦৃҹᰃℷᓣ䴲ℷᓣⱘˈᵕЎ䆺㒚Ⳍᔧὖᣀⱘˈԧ㾚乍Ⳃⱘ䳔㽕㗠ᅮDŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкProject Scope statement [Output/Input]˖ᰃᇍ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘ䆄ভᗻ䇈ᯢˈࣙᣀЏ㽕ⱘৃѸҬ៤ᵰǃ乍ⳂⳂᷛǃ乍Ⳃ؛䆒ǃ乍Ⳃࠊ㑺㋴ϔӑᎹ䇈ᯢкˈ䖭ህЎᇚᴹⱘއㄪҹঞ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙П䯈⹂䅸ᓎゟᇍ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘ݅䆚ᦤկњ᳝ḜৃᶹⱘձDŽ乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘᅮНᰃü䳔㽕ᅠ៤ҔМDŽ乍Ⳃ៤ᴀㅵ⧚Project Cost Management [Knowledge Area]˖䇋㾕䰘ᔩGDŽ乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚Project Risk Management [Knowledge Area]˖䇋㾕䰘ᔩGDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3722004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
乍ⳂὖᣀᗻᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘProject Summary Work Breakdown Structure (PSWBS) [Tool]˖乍Ⳃⱘϔ⾡Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘˈህ䆺㒚ᑺ㗠㿔ˈᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘⱘᶤѯߚᬃЁϟাߚ㾷ࠄᄤ乍Ⳃ∈ᑇˈ㟇Ѣᄤ乍Ⳃⱘ㒚㡖ৃ߽⫼ড়ৠᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘᯢ⹂DŽ乍ⳂᎹProject Work˖䇋㾕ᎹDŽ乍Ⳃ≳䗮ㅵ⧚Project Communications Management [Knowledge Area]˖䇋㾕䰘ᔩGDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚Project Management (PM)˖ᇚⶹ䆚ǃᡔ㛑ǃᎹϢᡔᴃ䖤⫼Ѣ乍乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼ*ПЁˈҹ⒵䎇乍Ⳃⱘ㽕∖DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳Project Management Team˖ⳈখϢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚⌏ࡼⱘ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬDŽϔѯ䕗ᇣ乍ⳂЁˈ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳᳝ৃ㛑ࣙᣀТܼ䚼ⱘ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸProject Management Office (PMO)˖㦋ᕫњ⾡ḋ㒳ϔ䲚Ёㅵ⧚݊ㅵ䕪ПϟⱘϾ乍Ⳃ䋷ӏⱘ㒘㒛ᅲԧDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸⱘ䋷ӏ㣗ೈᕜᑓˈҢᦤկ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ৢࢸ㘠㛑ࠄᅲ䰙䋳䋷ㅵ⧚ϔϾ乍ⳂDŽ䇋㾕䅵ߦㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛Project Management Process˖乍Ⳃㅵ⧚᠔⣀᳝ᑊPMBOKᣛफЁࡴҹ䇈ᯢⱘ44Ͼ䖛ПϔDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘Project Management Process Group˖PMBOKᣛफЁࡴҹ䇈ᯢⱘϾ䖛ᣝ✻䘏䕥ߦߚⱘ㒘DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘ࣙᣀਃࡼ䖛ǃ㾘ߦ䖛ǃᠻ㸠䖛ǃⲥ㾚ࠊ䖛ˈҹঞ㒧ሒ䖛DŽᘏ䍋ᴹ䇈ˈ䖭5Ͼ䖛㒘ᇍѢӏԩϔϾ乍Ⳃ䛑ᰃᖙ䳔ⱘˈ݊ݙ䚼ձ䌪݇㋏ᕜ⏙ἮˈℸˈӏԩϔϾ乍ⳂˈϡㅵሲѢԩ⾡ᑨ⫼乚ඳˈгϡㅵᑨ⫼ⱘ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳⱘԧ㒚㡖Ўԩˈ䛑ᖙ乏ᣝ✻ৠḋⱘ乎ᑣ䖯㸠DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘ϡᰃ乍Ⳃ䰊↉DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦProject Management Plan [Output/Input]˖⹂ᅮ乍Ⳃᠻ㸠ǃⲥ㾚ࠊᮍᓣⱘ㒣䖛ᡍޚⱘℷᓣ᭛ӊDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦৃҹᰃὖᣀᗻⱘˈгৃҹᕜ䆺㒚ˈ⫮㟇ৃҹ⬅ϔϾϾᄤㅵ⧚䅵ߦϢ݊Ҫ㾘ߦ᭛ӊ㒘៤DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊProject Management Software [Tool]˖ϧ䮼Ўњ乍Ⳃ㾘ߦǃⲥ㾚ࠊЁ䕙ࡽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳㗠䆒䅵ⱘϔ㋏߫䅵ㅫᴎᑨ⫼ᑣDŽࣙᣀ៤ᴀԄㅫǃࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼ǃ≳䗮ǃড়ǃ䜡㕂ㅵ⧚ǃ᭛ӊࠊǃ䆄ᔩㅵ⧚亢䰽ߚᵤDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㋏㒳Project Management System [Tool]˖⬅ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃ⫼ⱘ䖛ǃᎹǃᡔᴃǃᮍ⊩㋏ǃ䌘⑤ᑣ㒘៤ⱘᭈԧDŽ䆹㋏㒳䆄䕑Ѣ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦПЁˈ݊ݙᆍ㾚ᑨ⫼乚ඳǃ㒘㒛ᕅડǃ乍Ⳃⱘᴖᗻҹঞᰃ৺᳝⦄៤ⱘ㋏㒳ৃ⫼㗠ᅮˈ乍ⳂП䯈ⳌᏂ ⅞DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㋏㒳ৃҹᰃℷᓣⱘˈгৃҹϡℷᓣˈᰃ䕙ࡽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚᳝ᬜഄᓩᇐ乍Ⳃ䍄៤ࡳⱘDŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㋏㒳ᰃϔᭈ༫㒧ড়ЎϔϾ᳝ᴎⱘ㒳ϔᭈԧⱘ䖛᳝݇ⱘⲥ㾚ࠊ㘠㛑DŽᴃ䇁∛㓪 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳Project Management Information System (PMIS) [Tool]˖⬅⫼Ѣᬊ䲚ǃ㓐ড়Ӵ᪁乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛៤ᵰⱘᎹᡔᴃ㒘៤ⱘֵᙃ㋏㒳DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳Ң乍ⳂਃࡼᓔྟⳈࠄᬊሒ⫼Ѣᬃᣕ乍Ⳃⱘ᠔᳝ᮍ䴶ˈ㗠ৃҹࣙᣀҎᎹ㞾ࡼⱘ㋏㒳DŽ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚乚ඳProject Management Knowledge Area˖乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ḍⶹ䆚㽕∖⹂ᅮⱘ乚ඳˈᑊ߽⫼݊ᄤ䖛ǃخ⊩ǃձǃ៤ᵰǃᎹᡔᴃᴹ䇈ᯢDŽ®乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK)˖䇈ᯢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㘠Ϯ㣗ೈݙⱘⶹ䆚ᘏⱘὖᣀᗻᴃ䇁DŽڣ⊩ᕟǃए⭫ǃӮ䅵ㄝ݊Ҫ㘠Ϯ®ϔḋˈⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᥠᦵᑨ⫼ϢথሩᅗⱘҢϮ㗙Ϣᄺ㗙ЁDŽPMBOK乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 373
ᴃ䇁∛㓪䆚ԧ㋏ࣙᣀњᏆ㒣㒣䖛ᅲ䏉Ẕ偠ᑊᕫࠄᑓ⊯ᑨ⫼ⱘӴ㒳ᮍ⊩ˈҹঞⳂࠡᇮ᱂䘡ᑨ⫼ⱘ߯ᮄⱘܜ䖯ᮍ⊩DŽ䆹ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ࣙᣀњᏆ㒣݀ᓔথ㸼㒣থ㸼ⱘᴤ᭭DŽPMBOKℷ໘Ѣϡᮁⱘ䖯ℹПЁDŽ乍Ⳃ䖛㒘Project Process Groups˖ӏԩ乍Ⳃᖙ乏᳝5Ͼձ䌪݇㋏⏙Ἦⱘ䖛㒘DŽ䖭ѯ䖛㒘↣ϔϾ乍ⳂϞ䛑ᖙ乏ᣝ✻ৠḋⱘ乎ᑣሩᓔˈϢᑨ⫼乚ඳ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳⱘԧ㒚㡖᮴݇DŽ䖭5Ͼ䖛㒘ᰃਃࡼǃ㾘ߦǃᠻ㸠ǃࠊ㒧ሒDŽ乍Ⳃ䰊↉Project Phase˖ϔ㒘䘏䕥ϞⳌѦ㘨㋏ⱘ乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼ*ˈ䗮ᐌҹᶤ乍䞡ৃѸҬ៤ᵰⱘᅠ៤㗠ਞ㒜DŽ乍Ⳃ䰊↉˄ㅔ⿄䰊↉˅Џ㽕ᰃߚࠡৢ乎ᑣᅠ៤ⱘˈԚ乍Ⳃ䘛ࠄᶤѯᚙމᯊৃҹ䞡DŽ䰊↉ৃҹ㒚ߚЎᄤ䰊↉ˈ✊ৢݡ㒚ߚЎ㒘៤䚼ߚ˗乍Ⳃ乍Ⳃⱘ䚼ߚߦߚЎ䰊↉ৢᔶ៤ⱘሖ㒧ᵘডᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘПЁDŽ乍Ⳃ䰊↉ᰃ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚDŽ乍Ⳃ䰊↉Ϣ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘*ϡৠDŽ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼Project Schedule [Output/Input]˖ᅲᮑ乍䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ䅵ߦ᮹ᳳᅲ⦄䅵ߦ䞠ⱘ䅵ߦ᮹ᳳDŽ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰Project Schedule Network Diagram [Output/Input]˖ӏԩᰒ⼎乍Ⳃ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼП䯈䘏䕥݇㋏ⱘᔶDŽᮍ∌䖰ҢᎺ㟇েˈҹড乍ⳂᎹⱘᯊ䯈乎ᑣDŽ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚Project Manager (PM)˖⬅ᅲᮑ㒘㒛ྨ⌒ᅲ⦄乍ⳂⳂᷛⱘϾҎDŽ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙Project Stakeholders˖䇋㾕߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙DŽ乍ⳂਃࡼProject Initiation˖থ䍋ϔϾ᳔㒜㛑পᕫϔϾᮄ乍Ⳃⱘᥜᴗ㣗ೈᅮНDŽ乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ㅵ⧚Project Human Resource Management [Knowledge Area]˖䇋㾕䰘ᔩGDŽ乍Ⳃ᮹ग़Project Calendar˖⹂ᅮᓔሩ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘᎹ᮹⧁⹂ᅮϡᓔሩ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ䴲Ꮉ᮹ᅝᥦⱘ᮹ग़DŽ乍Ⳃ᮹ग़ϔ㠀㾘ᅮњ㡖᮹ǃ਼᮹צ⧁ⱘᯊ䯈DŽ䇋㾕䌘⑤᮹ग़DŽ乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳProject Life Cycle˖⬅䗮ᐌᣝ乎ᑣᥦ߫ⱘ㢹ᑆ乍Ⳃ䰊↉ᵘ៤ⱘܼԧˈ݊ৡ⿄ϢϾ᭄পއѢখϢ䆹乍ⳂⱘϔϾϾ㒘㒛ⱘࠊ䳔㽕DŽ⫳ੑᳳᔶ៤᭛ӊᯊৃ㛑㽕䇈ᯢ᠔Փ⫼ⱘᮍ⊩㋏DŽ乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚Project Time Management [Knowledge Area]˖䇋㾕䰘ᔩGDŽ乍ⳂྨᠬҎˈ乍Ⳃথ䍋ҎProject Sponsor˖䇋㾕ྨᠬҎˈথ䍋ҎDŽ乍ⳂゴProject Charter [Output/Input]˖⬅乍Ⳃথ䍋ҎྨᠬҎϟ䖒ⱘℷᓣᡍޚ乍Ⳃᄬⱘ᭛ӊDŽ䆹乍᭛ӊᥜᴗ乍Ⳃ㒣⧚乍Ⳃ⌏ࡼЁࡼ⫼㒘㒛ⱘ䌘⑤DŽ乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚Project Integration Management [Knowledge Area]˖䇋㾕䰘ᔩGDŽ乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚Project Quality Management [Knowledge Area]˖䇋㾕䰘ᔩGDŽ乍Ⳃ㒘㒛㸼Project Organization Chart [Output/Input]˖ҹ㸼⦄ԧ乍Ⳃⱘ乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬঞ݊ⳌѦ݇㋏ⱘ᭛ӊDŽࠞዄLeveling˖䇋㾕䌘⑤ᑇ㸵ǒresource levelingǓDŽֵᙃথᏗInformation Distribution [Process]˖ঞᯊ乍Ⳃ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ᦤկ᠔䳔ֵᙃⱘ䖛DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3742004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ֵᙃ䇋∖Request for Information˖фᮍ䇋┰पᮍᦤկ᳝݇ѻક᳡ࡵपᮍ㛑ⱘ⾡䌘᭭ⱘϔ⾡䞛䌁᭛ӊDŽ㰮ᢳಶ䯳Virtual Team˖⬅᳝݅ৠⳂᷛˈ㞾ᡂⓨ݊㾦㡆Ԛᕜᇥ᮴ᯊ䯈㘮佪ⱘϾҎ㒘៤ⱘ䲚ԧDŽ㒣ᐌՓ⫼⾡ḋⱘᡔᴃ֗䖯ಶ䯳៤ਬП䯈ⱘ≳䗮DŽ㰮ᢳಶ䯳ৃҹ⬅ߚᬷⳌ䎱ᕜ䖰ⱘҎ㒘៤DŽ㰮ᢳ⌏ࡼDummy Activity˖ㆁ㒓㒬⊩Ёᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Ў䳊ˈ⫼ᴹ㸼⼎䘏䕥݇㋏ⱘ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼDŽ㰮ᢳ⌏ࡼ⫼Ѣ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼㆁ༈ϡ㛑ܼ䴶ℷ⹂䇈ᯢ䘏䕥݇㋏ⱘഎড়ЁDŽ㰮ᢳ⌏ࡼⱘᔶᰃᏺㆁ༈ⱘ㰮㒓DŽYᓊ䖳ᯊ䯈Lag˖㽕∖ৢ㓁⌏ࡼ䖳ᓔྟⱘ䘏䕥݇㋏䰤ᅮᴵӊDŽ՟བˈϔ乍㽕∖᳝10⒲ৢᯊ䯈ⱘᅠ៤ᇍᓔྟձ䌪݇㋏Ёˈৢ㓁⌏ࡼᖙ乏ܜ㸠⌏ࡼᅠ៤10ৢᠡ㛑ᓔྟDŽ䇋㾕ᦤࠡᯊ䯈ǒleadǓDŽ偠ᬊAccept˖㾚ᶤџᶤ⠽Ўⳳᅲǃཹᔧǃড়䗖ᅠܼᯊℷᓣࡴҹᬊফⱘ㸠ࡼDŽ偠ᬊAcceptance˖ᰃAcceptⱘৡ䆡DŽ偠ᬊᷛޚAcceptance Criteria˖偠ᬊ乍ⳂৃѸҬПࠡᖙ乏⒵䎇ⱘᷛޚˈࣙᣀᎹ㒧ᵰ㽕∖䇈ᯢкˈҹঞ乍䞡㽕ⱘᴵӊDŽḋᵓTemplate˖Ўᬊ䲚ǃ㓪ᥦᰒ⼎ֵᙃ᭄䞛⫼㾘ᅮⱘḐᓣ㗠џܜᣝ✻⹂ᅮⱘᓣḋ䚼ߚᅠ៤ⱘϔ⾡᭛ӊDŽḋᵓ㒣ᐌḍҹࠡⱘ乍Ⳃ䖯ሩᳳ䯈ᔶ៤ⱘ᭛ӊࠊDŽḋᵓৃҹޣᇥᅠ៤Ꮉ᠔䳔㽕ⱘҎᑊᦤ催៤ᵰП䯈ⱘϔ㟈ᗻDŽ㽕∖Requirement˖ᖙ乏⬅㋏㒳ǃѻકǃ᳡ࡵǃ៤ᵰ㒘៤䚼ߚЎњ䙉ᅜড়ৠǃヺড়ᷛޚǃ䙉✻ᡔᴃ㾘ᅮ䇈ᯢк᳡Ң݊Ҫℷᓣᮑࡴⱘ᭛ӊ㗠⒵䎇ᢹ᳝ⱘᴵӊ㛑DŽ㽕∖ࣙᣀྨᠬҎǃ乒ᅶ݊Ҫ߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙ⱘ䞣࣪ᔶ៤᭛ӊⱘ䳔㽕ǃᜓᳯᳳᳯDŽϮࡵOperations˖䖲㓁ϡᮁ⫳ѻৠḋѻક䞡ᦤկৠϔ᳡ࡵⱘϔ⾡㒘㒛ࡳ㛑DŽ՟བˈ⫳ѻϮǃࠊ䗴ϮࡵӮ䅵ϮࡵDŽձ䌪݇㋏Dependency˖䇋㾕䘏䕥݇㋏ǒlogical relationshipǓDŽᏆᅠ៤ⱘᎹ乘ㅫ乱Budgeted Cost of Work Performed (BCWP)˖䇋㾕ᅲ⦄Ӌؐǒearned valueǓDŽᴃ䇁∛㓪 ᏆᅠᎹᅲ䰙៤ᴀActual Cost of Work Performed (ACWP)˖䇋㾕ᅲ䰙៤ᴀǒACǓDŽᑨᗹټContingency Reserve [Output/Input]˖Ўᇚ乍Ⳃ䍙ᷛ亢䰽䰡Ԣࠄ㒘㒛ৃফⱘᑺ㗠䳔㽕Ў䌘䞥ᯊ䯈Ԅㅫޚⱘᢼ᭄乱DŽᑨᗹᮑContingency˖䇋㾕ޚ䞥ǒreserveǓDŽᑨᗹ៤ᴀContingency Allowance˖䇋㾕ޚ䞥DŽᑨ⫼乚ඳ Application Area˖᳝݅ৠЏ㽕㒘៤䚼ߚⱘϔ㉏乍Ⳃˈ㗠䖭ѯ㒘៤䚼ߚᑊ䴲ᰃ᠔᳝乍Ⳃ᠔ᖙ乏ⱘDŽᑨ⫼乚ඳ䗮ᐌᣝ乍Ⳃⱘ៤ᵰ˄བⳌԐⱘᡔᴃ㗙⫳ѻᮍ⊩˅ᅶ᠋㉏ൟ˄བݙ䚼㗙䚼ˈᬓᑰ㗙⇥䯈˅ѻϮ䚼䮼˄བ݀⫼џϮǃ≑䔺ǃ㟾ǃֵᙃᡔᴃ˅ᴹᅮНDŽᑨ⫼乚ඳᐌᐌߎ⦄䞡DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 375
ᴃ䇁∛㓪ᕅડInfluence Diagram [Tool]˖㸼⼎ᵰ݇㋏ঞ݊ᕅડǃџӊⱘᯊ䯈乎ᑣǃҹঞ⾡ৃব㋴㒧ᵰП䯈݊Ҫ݇㋏ⱘᔶDŽ⫼᠋User˖ᇚᴹՓ⫼乍Ⳃѻક᳡ࡵⱘϾҎ㒘㒛DŽ乘䞥Buffer˖䇋㾕ޚ䞥ǒreserveǓDŽ乘⌟Forecasts˖ḍ乘⌟ᯊৃҹ߽⫼ⱘᏆֵ᳝ᙃⶹ䆚Ԅㅫ乘䅵乍ⳂᴹⱘᚙᔶџӊDŽ乍Ⳃⱘᠻ㸠Ёˈ䱣ⴔ乍Ⳃⱘᠻ㸠ˈḍᦤկⱘᎹᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃ㗠ᮄᑊ䞡ᮄথߎ乘⌟DŽֵᙃᴹ㞾Ѣ乍Ⳃ䖛এⱘᅲᮑᚙމᇍᇚᴹᅲᮑᚙމⱘ乘ᳳˈᑊࣙᣀᇚᴹӮᕅડ乍Ⳃⱘֵᙃˈ՟བᅠ៤ᯊԄㅫǒestimate at completionǓᅠ៤ᇮ䳔Ԅㅫǒestimate to completionǓDŽ乘䰆㸠ࡼPreventive Action˖᳝݇ᅲᮑ㛑ޣᇥ乍Ⳃ亢䰽⍜ᵕৢᵰথ⫳ৃ㛑ᗻⱘ㸠ࡼⱘℷᓣк䴶᭛ӊDŽ乘ᳳ䋻ᏕӋؐߚᵤExpected Monetary Value (EMV) Analysis˖ᔧᇚᴹ⍝ঞৃ㛑থ⫳гৃ㛑ϡথ⫳ⱘᴖᚙމᯊ䅵ㅫᑇഛ㒧ᵰⱘϔ⾡㒳䅵ᡔᴃDŽ䖭⾡ᡔᴃ㒣ᐌ߽⫼އㄪᷥߚᵤᯊՓ⫼DŽߚᵤ៤ᴀ䖯ᑺ亢䰽ᯊ᳔དᓎゟൟᑊ䖯㸠ᢳˈЎৠ乘ᳳ䋻ᏕӋؐߚᵤⳌ↨ˈൟᢳᬜᵰདˈ㗠Ϩᆍᯧ䙓ܡՓ⫼ϡᔧDŽ乘ㅫBudget˖Ꮖ㒣ᡍޚњⱘᇍ乍ⳂᇍӏԩᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚᇍӏԩ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘԄㅫDŽ䇋㾕ԄㅫDŽॳᅮᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈Original Duration (OD)˖ॳᴹЎ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼߚ䜡ⱘˈ≵᳝⌏ࡼⱘ䖯ሩਞЁࡴҹᮄⱘ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈DŽϔ㠀ਞ䖯ᑺ䖯ሩᯊ⫼ᴹৠᅲ䰙ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈࠽ԭᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈↨䕗DŽZ䋷ӏߚ⌒ⶽ䰉Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM)˖ᇚ乍Ⳃ㒘㒛ߚ㾷㒧ᵘϢᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㘨㋏䍋ᴹˈҹֱ䆕乍ⳂᎹ㣗ೈЁⱘ↣Ͼ㒘៤䚼ߚഛᏆߚ䜡㨑ᅲࠄ᳝䋷ӏᖗⱘϾҎ䑿Ϟⱘ㒧ᵘDŽゴCharter˖䇋㾕乍Ⳃゴǒproject charterǓDŽ䋺Ⳃ㓪ⷕCode of Accounts [Tool]˖⫼Ѣޚ⹂䆚߿Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ↣Ͼ㒘៤䚼ߚ㗠ϡ㟈⏋⎚ⱘӏԩ㓪ো㋏㒳DŽ䇋Ϣ䋺Ⳃ㸼ǒchart of accountsǓ↨䕗DŽ䋺Ⳃ㸼Chart of Accounts [Tool]˖ӏԩ⫼Ѣᣝ㉏߿˄བҎᎹǃ⠽કǃᴤ᭭䆒˅ⲥⴷ乍Ⳃ៤ᴀ*ⱘ㓪ো㋏㒳DŽ乍Ⳃ䋺Ⳃ㸼ϔ㠀ḍᴀᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘ⊩Ҏ䋺Ⳃ㓪ⷕࠊᅮDŽ䇋Ϣ䋺Ⳃ㓪ⷕ˄code of accounts˅↨䕗DŽᭈԧবࠊIntegrated Change Control˖ᅵᶹ᠔᳝ⱘⱘব䇋∖ˈᡍޚবᑊࠊৃѸҬ៤ᵰ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻⱘ䖛DŽℷ䅵ㅫForward Pass˖ᇍ᠔᳝㔥㒰⌏ࡼЁᅠ៤䚼ߚⱘ᳔ᮽᓔྟ᳔ᮽᅠ៤᮹ᳳⱘ䅵ㅫDŽ䇋㾕䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤǒschedule network analysisǓড䅵ㅫǒbackward passǓDŽⶹ䆚Knowledge˖䗮䖛㒣ग़ǃᬭ㚆ǃ㾖ᆳǃⷨお㗠ᇍᶤџ❳ᙝഄњ㾷ˈህᰃᇍ䖛ǃخ⊩ǃᡔᴃՓ⫼Ꮉⱘᮍ⊩ⱘ⧚㾷DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3762004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ⶹ䆚乚ඳKnowledge Area, Project Management˖䇋খ㾕乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚乚ඳ˄Project Management Knowledge Area˅DŽⶹ䆚乚ඳ䖛Knowledge Area Process˖ⶹ䆚乚ඳݙৃ䆚߿ⱘ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛DŽᠻ㸠Execute˖ᣛᇐǃᅝᥦǃሹ㸠ᅠ៤乍ⳂᎹˈᦤѸৃѸҬ៤ᵰˈᑊᦤկᎹᅲᮑᚙމᠻ㸠Executing˖ᰃExecuteⱘ⦄ߚ䆡DŽᠻ㸠Execution˖ᰃExecuteⱘৡ䆡ᔶDŽᠻ㸠䖛Executing Processes [Process Group]˖ᰃҹᅠ៤乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁ⹂ᅮⱘᎹᴹᅲ⦄乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкЁ⹂ᅮⱘ乍ⳂⳂᷛ㗠ሩᓔⱘ䖛DŽ㘠㛑㒣⧚Functional Manager˖㘠㛑㒘㒛ݙ䚼ᇍᶤ㒘㒛ऩԡᢹ᳝ㅵ⧚ᴗ䰤ⱘϾҎDŽӏԩᅲ䰙ࠊѻકᦤկ᳡ࡵⱘ䲚ԧⱘ䋳䋷ҎDŽ᳝ᯊ⿄خϔ㒓㒣⧚DŽ㘠㛑㒘㒛Functional Organization˖↣ϔϾਬᎹ䛑᳝ϔԡᯢ⹂ⱘϞ㑻ˈҎਬḍϧϮߚ㒘ᑊ⬅᳝䆹ϧϮ乚ඳϧ䭓ⱘҎㅵ⧚ⱘሖ㑻㒘㒛DŽ®㘠Ϯ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ҎਬProject Management Professional (PMP)˖㦋ᕫ⬅乍Ⳃㅵ⧚®णӮ˄㕢˅乕থⱘPMI䆕кⱘϾҎDŽᣛᇐϢㅵ⧚乍Ⳃⱘᠻ㸠Direct and Manage Project Execution [Process]˖ᠻ㸠乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁ⹂ᅮⱘᎹˈᅲ⦄乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢкᯢ⹂ⱘ乍Ⳃ㽕∖ⱘ䖛DŽࠊ䅶䖯ᑺ㸼Schedule Development [Process]˖ߚᵤ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ乎ᑣǃ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ǃ䌘⑤㽕∖䖯ᑺࠊ㑺㋴ˈࠊ䅶乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ⱘ䖛DŽࠊ䅶乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦDevelop Project Management Plan [Process]˖ᇚᅮНǃ㓪ࠊǃ㓐ড়Ϣण䇗᠔᳝ऩᮍ䴶䅵ߦˈՓ݊ᵘ៤乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ᠔䳔㽕ⱘ㸠ࡼᔶ៤᭛ӊⱘ䖛DŽࠊ䅶乍ⳂゴDevelop Project Charter [Process]˖ࠊ䅶ℷᓣᡍޚ乍Ⳃⱘ乍Ⳃゴⱘ䖛DŽࠊ㑺㋴Constraint[Input]˖ফࠊѢ᮶ᅮⱘ㸠ࡼϡ㸠ࡼℹ偸ⱘ⢊ᗕǃഄԡᛳ㾝DŽৃҢݙ䚼䚼ᮑࡴѢ乍Ⳃⱘ䰤ࠊࠊ㑺Ӯᕅડࠄ乍Ⳃ䖛ⱘᅲᮑᬜᵰDŽ՟བˈᮑࡴ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺϞⱘӏԩᕅડ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼᯊ䯈ᅝᥦⱘ䰤ࠊࠊ㑺䛑ሲѢ䖯ᑺࠊ㑺㋴ˈϔ㠀䛑㸼⦄Ўᅮⱘᔎࡴ᮹ᳳDŽᮑࡴ乍Ⳃ乘ㅫϞⱘӏԩ䰤ࠊࠊ㑺䛑ሲѢ៤ᴀࠊ㑺㋴ˈ՟བϾᯊ䯈↉ৃկ乍ⳂՓ⫼ⱘ䌘䞥DŽ乍Ⳃ䌘⑤ࠊ㑺㋴ࣙᣀՓ⫼䌘⑤ᯊফࠄⱘ䰤ࠊࠊ㑺ˈ՟བৃկՓ⫼ⱘ䌘⑤ᡔ㛑ϧϮ⾡㉏ˈҹঞᴃ䇁∛㓪 㾘ᅮⱘᯊ䯈䰤ࠊϟৃկՓ⫼ⱘᶤ⾡䌘⑤ⱘ᭄䞣DŽ䋼䞣Quality˖ϔ༫᳝ⱘ⡍ᗻ⒵䎇乍Ⳃᡔᴃ㽕∖ⱘᑺDŽ䋼䞣៤ᴀCost of Quality (COQ) [Technique]˖⹂ᅮЎֱ䆕䋼䞣㗠Ҭߎⱘ៤ᴀDŽ乘䰆䆘Ӌ៤ᴀ˄ড়Ḑⱘ៤ᴀ˅ࣙᣀЎ⹂ֱヺড়㽕∖㗠䖯㸠ⱘ䋼䞣㾘ߦǃ䋼䞣ࠊ䋼䞣ֱ䆕ⱘ៤ᴀ˄े䆁ǃ䋼䞣ࠊࠊᑺㄝ˅DŽϡ⒵䎇㽕∖ⱘ៤ᴀ˄ϡড়Ḑⱘ៤ᴀ˅ࣙᣀѻકǃ䜡ӊϡড়㽕∖ⱘ䖛ⱘ䖨Ꮉ៤ᴀˈֱׂᎹ⌾䌍ⱘ៤ᴀˈҹঞৡ䁝ⱘᤳ༅DŽ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦQuality Management Plan [Output/Input]˖䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ䇈ᯢ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳ᇚབԩᅲᮑ乍Ⳃᅲᮑ㒘㒛ⱘ䋼䞣ᮍ䩜DŽ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦᰃ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 377
ᴃ䇁∛㓪ⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚߚ䅵ߦDŽ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦৃҹᰃℷᓣ䴲ℷᓣⱘˈᵕЎ䆺㒚Ⳍᔧὖᣀⱘˈԧ㾚乍Ⳃⱘ䳔㽕㗠ᅮDŽ䋼䞣㾘ߦQuality Planning [Process]˖䆚߿䗖ড়乍Ⳃ㽕∖ⱘ䋼䞣ᷛޚᑊއᅮབԩ䖒ࠄ䖭ѯ䋼䞣ᷛޚⱘ䖛DŽ䗤ℹᅠProgressive Elaboration [Technique]˖䱣ⴔ乍Ⳃⱘ䖯ሩ䍞ᴹ䍞䆺㒚ԧⱘֵᙃҹঞ䍞ᴹ䍞ޚ⹂ⱘԄㅫ䗤⏤ࡴˈ䖲㓁ϡᮁഄᬍ㒚࣪䅵ߦˈ䖭ḋϔᴹˈ䞡㾘ߦ䖛ህӮࠊᅮߎޚ⹂ᅠⱘ䅵ߦDŽϧᆊ߸ᮁExpert Judgment [Technique]˖ḍᑨ⫼乚ඳǃⶹ䆚乚ඳǃϧϮᄺ⾥ǃ㸠Ϯㄝⱘϧ䭓ᇍѢᔧࠡ⌏ࡼᦤկⱘ䗖ᔧ߸ᮁDŽℸ㉏ϧ䭓ৃ⬅ӏԩ᳝ϧϮᄺग़ǃⶹ䆚ǃᡔ㛑ǃ㒣偠䆁㒗ⱘ䲚ԧϾҎᦤկˈᑊϨৃҹҢ䆌ᴹ⑤㦋ᕫˈࣙᣀᅲᮑ㒘㒛ݙⱘ݊Ҫ䚼䮼˗䆶݀ৌ˗ࣙᣀ乒ᅶݙⱘᮍ䴶߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙˗ϧϮᡔᴃणӮ˗ҹঞ㸠Ϯ㒘㒛DŽϧϮᄺ⾥Discipline˖㽕∖ԧⱘⶹ䆚ᑊϨ᳝ᬃ䜡Ꮉ㸠Ўⱘϔ༫㾘߭ⱘᎹ乚ඳ˄՟བˈᴎẄᎹǃ⬉㛥ᑣ䆒䅵Ϣ㓪ࠊǃ៤ᴀ˅Ԅㅫㄝ˅DŽޚ䞥Reserve˖Ўޣ䕏៤ᴀϢˋ䖯ᑺ亢䰽㗠乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁ᠔䆒ⱘϔ⾡ޚDŽՓ⫼ᯊᐌࡴׂ佄䇁˄བㅵ⧚ޚ䞥ǃᑨᗹޚ䞥˅ˈ䖯ϔℹ䇈ᯢޚ䞥⫼Ѣޣ䕏ԩ⾡亢䰽DŽࡴׂ佄䇁ⱘᴃ䇁ⱘԧНᑨ⫼乚ඳ㗠ᓖDŽޚ䞥ߚᵤReserve Analysis [Technique]˖ᯢ⹂乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦЁ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘ䞡㽕⡍ᕕ݇㋏ˈҹ֓⹂ᅮЎ乍Ⳃⱘ䖯ᑺᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ǃ乘ㅫǃԄㅫⱘ៤ᴀ䞥㗠䆒ⱘޚ䞥᭄䞣DŽޚ߭Criteria˖ৃҹߎ߸ᮁއᅮ䆘Ӌѻકǃ᳡ࡵǃ៤ᵰ䖛ⱘᷛޚǃ㾘߭䆩偠DŽ䌘⑤Resource˖❳㒗ⱘҎ䌘⑤˄ϾҎǃ䲚ԧ⧁㒘ⱘԧϧϮ˅ǃ䆒ǃ᳡ࡵǃ⠽કǃ᮹⫼કǃ⠽䌘ǃ乘ㅫ䞥DŽ䌘⑤ߚ㾷㒧ᵘResource Breakdown Structure (RBS)˖ᣝ✻䌘⑤⾡㉏ᔶᓣ㗠ߦߚⱘ䌘⑤ሖ㑻㒧ᵘˈ䌘⑤ᑇ㸵䖯ᑺ㸼Ё⫼Ѣࠊᅮফ䌘⑤ࠊ㑺ⱘ䖯ᑺ㸼DŽѺৃ⫼Ѣ䆚߿ߚᵤ乍ⳂҎ䌘⑤ߚ⌒DŽ䌘⑤㾘ߦResource Planning˖䇋㾕⌏ࡼ䌘⑤ԄㅫDŽ䌘⑤ᑇ㸵Resource Leveling [Technique]˖䖯ᑺᅝᥦϞⱘއㄪ˄བᓔྟ᮹ᳳϢᅠ៤᮹ᳳ˅Ў䌘⑤ㅵ⧚ᮍ䴶㗗㰥˄བ˖ৃ߽⫼䌘⑤᳝䰤ǃ䌘⑤∈ᑇϞⱘ䲒ҹㅵ⧚ⱘব˅᠔Ꮊেⱘ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤᔶᓣDŽ䌘⑤᮹ग़Resource Calendar˖⹂ᅮ↣ϔ⾡ԧ䌘⑤Փ⫼ߚ䜡᮹ᳳⱘᎹ᮹䴲Ꮉ᮹᮹ग़DŽϔ㠀ᰃ⹂ᅮ䌘⑤ⱘԧ㡖؛᮹䌘⑤ⱘৃ⫼ᯊ䯈DŽ䇋㾕乍Ⳃ᮹ग़DŽ䌘⑤ⳈᮍResource Histogram˖㸼ᯢϔ㋏߫ᯊ䯈↉ݙᅝᥦϔ⾡䌘⑤Ꮉᯊ䯈䭓ⷁⱘᴵᔶDŽЎњ֓Ѣ↨䕗ˈ᳝䌘⑤ৃ⫼ᯊৃ⫼ϔᴵ㒓㸼⼎ПDŽ䝦Ⳃⱘᴵᔶৃҹ㸼ᯢ䱣ⴔ乍Ⳃⱘ䖯ሩᏆ㒣Փ⫼њⱘ䌘⑤ᅲ䰙᭄䞣DŽᄤ䰊↉Subphase˖䰊↉ⱘ䖯ϔℹߦߚDŽᄤ㔥㒰Subnetwork˖乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ⱘߚᬃ⠛↉ˈ䗮ᐌҷ㸼ᄤ乍ⳂᎹࣙDŽ㒣ᐌ⫼Ѣ䇈ᯢⷨおᶤѯ┰ᦤ䆂ⱘ䖯ᑺ⢊މˈ՟བЏ㾖䗝ᅮⱘ䖯ᑺ䘏䕥乍Ⳃ㣗ೈⱘবDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3782004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
ᄤ乍ⳂSubproject˖ᇚ乍Ⳃߚ㾷៤Ͼᯧㅵ⧚ⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚ䖛ᯊᕫࠄⱘᘏ乍ⳂⱘϔϾ䕗ᇣ䚼ߚDŽᄤ乍Ⳃϔ㠀Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘЁ㸼⼎DŽᄤ乍Ⳃৃҹ⿄Ў乍Ⳃˈᣝ✻乍Ⳃᴹㅵ⧚ˈᑊৃҹҢपᮍ໘পᕫDŽ乍Ⳃ䅵ߦ㔥㒰Ёৃҹিخᄤ㔥㒰DŽ㞾ϟ㗠ϞԄㅫBottom-up Estimating [Technique]˖ԄㅫᎹ㒘៤䚼ߚ៤ᴀⱘϔ⾡ᮍ⊩DŽᎹߚ㾷Ў㒚ᇣⱘ䚼ߚˈⴔ䩜ᇍЎ⒵䎇䆹Ꮉ᠔ࣙᣀⱘ↣ϔϾ㒚䚼Ꮉⱘ㽕∖ⱘ᠔䳔៤ᴀ䖯㸠Ԅㅫˈ✊ৢᇚ᠔᳝ⱘ䖭ѯԄㅫⳌࡴˈ∛䲚䆹Ꮉ㒘៤䚼ߚⱘᘏԄㅫDŽ㞾ϟ㗠ϞԄㅫⱘޚ⹂ᗻপއѢߚ㾷ৢ໘ϟ䴶ሖⱘᎹ㾘ᴖᑺDŽϔ㠀䇈ᴹˈ㓽ᇣᎹ㣗ೈৃᦤ催Ԅㅫⱘޚ⹂ᗻDŽ㞾⬅ᯊᏂFree Float (FF)˖ϡ䖳㋻䱣݊ৢⱘϟϔ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ᳔ᮽᓔྟ᮹ᳳⱘࠡᦤϟˈ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼৃҹৢ䖳ⱘᯊ䯈䭓ᑺDŽ䇋㾕ᘏᯊᏂǒtotal floatǓDŽ㓐ড়㸠ࡼPortfolio˖Ўњᅲ⦄㒣㧹⬹Ⳃᷛˈ֓Ѣ䖯㸠᳝ᬜㅵ⧚㗠㒘ড়ϔ䍋ⱘ乍Ⳃǃ䅵ߦ݊ҪᎹDŽ㓐ড়㸠ࡼЁⱘ乍Ⳃǃ䅵ߦ݊ҪᎹϡϔᅮᕐℸձ䌪᳝Ⳉ݇㋏DŽ㓐ড়㸠ࡼㅵ⧚Portfolio Managements [Technique]˖Ўњᅲ⦄㒣㧹⬹ⳂᷛˈᇍϔϾϾ㓐ড়㸠ࡼ䖯㸠ⱘ㒳ϔ䲚Ёㅵ⧚ˈ݊Ёࣙᣀ䆚߿ǃ⹂ᅮ䕏䞡㓧ᗹǃḌޚǃᅝᥦࠊ乍Ⳃǃ䅵ߦ݊Ҫ᳝݇ⱘᎹDŽᘏ䖯ᑺ㸼Master Schedule˖ᷛ⼎ߎЏ㽕ৃѸҬ៤ᵰᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚ݇䬂䞠ⱘὖᣀᗻ䖯ᑺ㸼DŽ䇋㾕䞠䖯ᑺ㸼ǒmilestone scheduleǓDŽᘏᯊᏂTotal Float (TF)˖䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘ᳔ᮽᓔྟ᮹ᳳϡᓊ䇃乍Ⳃᅠ៤᮹ᳳ⸈ണ䖯ᑺࠊ㑺㋴ⱘᴵӊϟৃҹ䖳ⱘᘏᯊ䯈䞣DŽᘏᯊᏂ߽⫼݇䬂䏃㒓⊩ᡔᴃˈ䗮䖛⹂ᅮ᳔ᮽᅠ៤᮹ᳳ᳔䖳ᅠ៤᮹ᳳϸ㗙ПᏂ⹂ᅮDŽ䇋㾕㞾⬅ᯊᏂDŽ㒘៤䚼ߚComponent˖ᴖᭈԧⱘϔϾ㒘៤䚼ߚǃܗӊ䳊ӊDŽ㒘ᓎ乍Ⳃಶ䯳[䖛]Acquire Project Team [Process]˖Ўњᅠ៤乍Ⳃ㗠পᕫᖙ䳔ⱘҎ䌘⑤П䖛DŽ㒘㒛Organization˖Ўᶤ⾡Ⳃⱘ㗠㒘㒛䍋ᴹᶤऩԡݙҢџᶤ⾡ᎹⱘҎ㕸DŽ㒘㒛ߚ㾷㒧ᵘOrganizational Breakdown Structure (OBS) [Tool]˖ᣝ✻ሖᇚᎹ㒚ⳂϢ㒘㒛ऩԡᔶ䈵ഄˈ᳝ᴵ⧚ഄ㘨㋏䍋ᴹⱘϔ⾡乍Ⳃ㒘㒛ᅝᥦᔶDŽ㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻOrganizational Process Assets [Output/Input]˖ᴹ㞾Ѣӏԩ᠔᳝খϢ乍Ⳃⱘ㒘㒛ⱘℷ㛑⫼Ѣᕅડ乍Ⳃ៤ࡳⱘӏԩ᠔᳝ৠ䖛᳝݇ⱘ䌘ѻDŽ䖭ѯ䖛䌘ѻࣙᣀℷᓣ䴲ℷᓣⱘ䅵ߦǃᮍ䩜ǃᑣᣛᇐॳ߭DŽ䖛䌘ѻгࣙᣀ㒘㒛䇌བপⱘᬭ䆁ग़ֵᙃ䖭ḋⱘⶹ䆚ᑧDŽᴃ䇁∛㓪 㒘㒛㸼Organization Chart [Tool]˖㸼⦄Ўᅲ⦄݅ৠⳂᷛ㗠ϔৠᎹⱘ䲚ԧҎϢҎП䯈݇㋏ⱘⳈ㾖ᮍ⊩DŽ᳔䖳ᓔྟ᮹ᳳLate Start Date (LS)˖݇䬂䏃㒓⊩Ёˈḍ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰䘏䕥ˈ乍Ⳃᅠ៤᮹ᳳˈҹঞӏԩᮑࡴѢ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘࠊ㑺㋴ˈϡ䖱ড䖯ᑺࠊ㑺㋴ᓊ䇃乍Ⳃᅠ៤᮹ᳳⱘᴵӊϟܕ䆌䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ᳔䖳ᓔྟⱘᯊ䯈⚍DŽ᳔䖳ᓔྟ᮹ᳳᰃ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ড䅵ㅫ䖛Ё⹂ᅮⱘDŽ᳔䖳ᅠ៤᮹ᳳLate Finish Date (LF)˖݇䬂䏃㒓⊩Ёˈḍ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰䘏䕥ˈ乍Ⳃᅠ៤᮹ᳳˈҹঞӏԩᮑࡴѢ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼⱘࠊ㑺㋴ˈϡ䖱ড䖯ᑺࠊ㑺㋴ᓊ䇃乍Ⳃᅠ៤᮹ᳳⱘᴵӊϟܕ䆌䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ᳔䖳ᅠ៤ⱘᯊ䯈⚍DŽ᳔䖳ᅠ៤᮹ᳳᰃ乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ড䅵ㅫ䖛Ё⹂ᅮⱘDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 379
ᴃ䇁∛㓪᳔䖥ׂℷԄㅫLatest Revised Estimate˖䇋㾕ᅠ៤ᯊԄㅫǒestimate at completionǓDŽ᳔ᮽᓔྟ᮹ᳳEarly Start Date (ES)˖݇䬂䏃㒓⊩Ёˈḍ㔥㒰䘏䕥ǃ᭄᮹ᳳҹঞӏԩ䖯ᑺࠊ㑺㋴ˈᶤ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ˄乍Ⳃ˅ᇮᅠ៤䚼ߚ᳝ৃ㛑ᓔྟⱘ᳔ᮽᯊ䯈⚍DŽ᳔ᮽᓔྟ᮹ᳳৃҹ䱣乍Ⳃⱘ䖯ሩ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘব㗠ᬍবDŽ᳔ᮽᅠ៤᮹ᳳEarly Finish Date (EF)˖݇䬂䏃㒓⊩Ёˈḍ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰䘏䕥ǃ᭄᮹ᳳҹঞӏԩ䖯ᑺࠊ㑺㋴ˈᶤ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ˄乍Ⳃ˅ᇮᅠ៤䚼ߚ᳝ৃ㛑ᅠ៤ⱘ᳔ᮽᯊ䯈⚍DŽ᳔ᮽᅠ៤᮹ᳳৃ䱣乍Ⳃⱘ䖯ሩ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦⱘব㗠ᬍবDŽᅸWar Room˖ীᓔ乍ⳂӮ䆂䖯㸠乍Ⳃ㾘ߦⱘ᠓䯈ˈᅸݙ㒣ᐌሩ⼎៤ᴀǃ䖯ᑺⱘ⢊ᗕ㸼݊Ҫ䞡㽕ⱘ乍Ⳃ᭄DŽخ⊩Practice˖⫼Ѣᠻ㸠ᶤϔ䖛ᑊৃ㛑Փ⫼ϔ⾡⾡ᡔᴃᎹⱘԧ㉏ൟϧϮㅵ⧚⌏ࡼDŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3802004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
㋶ᓩ ACWP, See actual cost of work performed A(ACWP) 㾕ᏆᅠᎹᅲ䰙䌍⫼AC㾕ᅲ䰙䌍⫼ (AC) AD, See activity description (AD) 㾕⌏ࡼৡ⿄accept偠ᬊ, 375 ADM, See arrow diagramming method acceptance偠ᬊ, 102, 185, 263, 375 (ADM),㾕ㆁ㒓㒬⊩acceptance criteria偠ᬊᷛޚ, 375 AE, See apportioned effort (AE) 㾕ᕙ᨞ᡩܹacquire project team㒘ᓎ乍Ⳃಶ䯳, 10, 57, AF, See actual finish date (AF) 㾕ᅲ䰙㒧ᴳ᮹ᳳ199, 209, 210, 212, 379 analogous estimating㉏↨Ԅㅫ, 141, 164, 364 activity⌏ࡼ, 10, 49, 50, 123, 127, 128, 129, AOA, See activity-on-arrow (AOA) 㾕⌏ࡼⱘ130, 131, 132, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, ㆁ㒓㸼⼎⊩140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 151, 156, 164, AON, See activity-on-node (AON) 㾕⌏ࡼⱘ㡖166, 167, 168, 204, 274, 276, 279, 282, ⚍㸼⼎⊩348, 359 application areaᑨ⫼乚ඳ, 13, 375 activity attributes⌏ࡼሲᗻ, 130, 131, 135, apportioned effort (AE) ᕙ᨞ᡩܹ, 348, 354 136, 138, 140, 143, 144, 151, 156, 359 approvalSeeapprove㾕ᡍޚactivity code⌏ࡼ㓪ⷕ, 359 approveᡍޚ, 86, 112, 366 activity definition⌏ࡼᅮН, 10, 49, 123, 127, approved change requestᡍޚⱘব䇋∖, 92, 128, 129, 130, 359 99, 109, 113, 120, 131, 153, 172, 188, 192, activity description ⌏ࡼৡ⿄ (AD), 348, 359 232, 236, 265, 292, 366 activity duration⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈, 10, 50, 123, arrow diagramming method (ADM) ㆁ㒓㒬⊩,139, 140, 141, 142, 144, 164, 359 133, 361 activity duration estimating⌏ࡼᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈ԄㅫAS, See actual start date (AS) 㾕ᅲ䰙ᓔྟ᮹ᳳ, 10, 50, 123, 139, 140, 141, 142, 164, 359 as-of date Seedata date㾕᭄᮹ᳳactivity identifier⌏ࡼᷛᖫ, 359 assumptions؛䆒, 127, 143, 163, 226, 248, activity list⌏ࡼ⏙ऩ, 129, 131, 135, 136, 140, 275, 361 144, 156, 359 assumptions analysis؛䆒ߚᵤ, 248, 361 activity resource estimating⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ, 10, authorityᴗ䰤, 207, 367 50, 123, 135, 136, 137, 138, 141, 164, 274, 279, 359 Bactivity sequencing⌏ࡼᥦᑣ, 10, 50, 123, 130, BAC, See budget at completion (BAC) 㾕ᅠ៤131, 132, 135, 359 ᯊ乘ㅫactivity-on-arrow (AOA) ঠҷো㔥㒰˄⌏ࡼbackward passড䅵ㅫ, 353 ⱘㆁ㒓㸼⼎⊩˅, 133, 348, 369 ㋶ᓩbar chart῾䘧, 154, 358 activity-on-node (AON) ऩҷো㔥㒰˄⌏ࡼbaselineޚ, 151, 153, 155, 170, 172, 177, ⱘ㡖⚍㸼⼎⊩˅, 132, 348, 353 187, 197, 352, 360 actual cost (AC) ᅲ䰙៤ᴀ, 173, 176, 234, baseline finish dateޚ㒧ᴳ᮹ᳳ, 360 348, 351, 368, 375 baseline start dateޚᓔྟ᮹ᳳ, 360 actual cost of work performed (ACWP) ᏆᅠBCWP, See budgeted cost of work performed Ꮉᅲ䰙䌍⫼, 348, 375 (BCWP)㾕ᏆᅠᎹ乘ㅫ䌍⫼actual durationᅲ䰙ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈, 368 BCWS, See budgeted cost of work scheduled actual finish date (AF), ᅲ䰙㒧ᴳᯊ䯈 348, 368 (BCWS)㾕䅵ߦᎹ乘ㅫ䌍⫼actual start date (AS) ᅲ䰙ᓔྟ᮹ᳳ, 368 bill of materials (BOM) ᴤ᭭⏙ऩ, 117, 348, 351®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 381
㋶ᓩ BOM, See bill of materials (BOM) 㾕ᴤ᭭⏙ऩcontractড়ৠ, 10, 65, 67, 82, 100, 101, 102, 168, 269, 274, 277, 280, 281, 284, 288, bottom-up estimating㞾ϟ㗠ϞԄㅫ, 137, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 165, 378 297, 348, 358 brainstorming䲚ᗱᑓⲞ, 247, 360 contract administrationড়ৠㅵ⧚, 10, 65, 269, budget乘ㅫ, 177, 234, 263, 348, 376 289, 290, 291, 292, 294, 296, 358 budget at completion (BAC) ᅠ៤ᯊ乘ㅫ, 173, contract closureড়ৠ㒧ሒ, 10, 67, 102, 269, 175, 176, 348, 371 274, 295, 296, 297, 358 budgeted cost of work performed (BCWP) Ꮖcontract management planড়ৠㅵ⧚䅵ߦ,ᅠᎹ乘ㅫ៤ᴀ, 348, 369, 375 290, 292, 296, 358 budgeted cost of work scheduled (BCWS) 䅵contract statement of work (SOW) ড়ৠᎹߦᎹ乘ㅫ䌍⫼, 348, 360 䇈ᯢк, 358 buffer乘䞥, 375 contract work breakdown structure (CWBS) buyerфᮍ, 271, 282, 293, 365 ড়ৠᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ, 348, 358 controlࠊ, 10, 63, 90, 94, 129, 158, 179, C189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 197, 232, 264, CA,See control account (CA) 㾕ࠊ䋺Ⳃ265, 267, 291, 348, 349, 364 calendar unit᮹ग़ऩԡ, 367 control account (CA) ࠊ䋺᠋, 158, 348, 364 CAP, See control account plan (CAP) 㾕ࠊcontrol account plan (CAP) ࠊ䋺᠋䅵ߦ,䋺᠋䅵ߦ348, 364 CCB,See change control board (CCB) 㾕বcontrol chartࠊ, 192, 193, 364 ࠊྨਬӮcontrol limitsࠊ⬠䰤, 364 change controlবࠊ, 90, 96, 121, 153, controlling, Seecontrolࠊ˖㾕control172, 292, 348, 350 COQ,See cost of quality (COQ) 䋼䞣䌍⫼change control board (CCB) বࠊྨਬӮ,corrective action㑴ℷ㸠ࡼ, 92, 93, 96, 98, 99, 348, 350 119, 122, 155, 177, 189, 190, 197, 218, change control systemবࠊࠊᑺ, 90, 234, 236, 267, 294, 363 121, 153, 172, 292, 350 cost䌍⫼, 10, 20, 21, 51, 63, 89, 112, 135, change requestব䇋∖, 93, 95, 99, 189, 350 141, 157, 158, 161, 162, 164, 165, 166, chart of accounts䋺Ⳃ㸼, 376 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 176, Charter, Seeproject charterゴˈ㾕乍Ⳃゴ177, 180, 185, 186, 196, 210, 233, 234, checklistḌᇍ㸼, 248, 358 256, 259, 276, 278, 282, 348, 351, 352 cost baseline, Seebaseline䌍⫼ޚ˖㾕ޚclaim㋶ٓ, 370 cost budgeting៤ᴀ乘ㅫ, 10, 51, 157, 167, 168, close project㒧ᴳ乍Ⳃˈ乍Ⳃ㒧ሒ, 9, 67, 79, 169, 170, 171, 352 100, 101, 267, 295, 370 cost control៤ᴀࠊ, 10, 63, 157, 171, 172, closing processesᬊሒ䖛, 369 177, 352 code of accounts䋺Ⳃ㓪ⷕ, 376 cost estimating៤ᴀԄㅫ, 10, 51, 135, 157, co-locationৠഄᅝᥦ, 214, 370 161, 162, 164, 166, 167, 351 common causeᐌ㾕ॳ, 351 cost management plan៤ᴀㅵ⧚䅵ߦ, 167, communication≳䗮, 89, 224, 228, 356 168, 171, 352 communication management plan≳䗮ㅵ⧚cost of quality (COQ) 䋼䞣៤ᴀ, 180, 186, 348, 䅵ߦ, 356 377communications planning≳䗮ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ, 10, cost performance index (CPI) 䌍⫼㒽ᬜᣛ᭄,52, 211, 221, 225, 226, 227, 357 173, 174, 177, 234, 348, 352 compensation㸹ٓ, 351 cost-plus-fee (CPF) ៤ᴀࡴ䝀䞥, 278, 348, component㒘៤䚼ߚ, 129, 379 352configuration management system䜡㕂ㅵ⧚cost variance (CV) 䌍⫼أᏂ, 173, 177, 234, ࠊᑺ, 90, 121, 366 348, 352 constraintࠊ㑺㋴, 377 cost-plus-fixed-fee (CPFF) contract៤ᴀࡴcontingency allowance, See reserveᑨᗹ䌍⫼ᅮ䝀䞥ড়ৠ, 278, 348, 352 ˖䇋㾕ޚ䞥cost-plus-incentive-fee (CPIF) contract៤ᴀࡴcontingency reserveᑨᗹټ, 375 哧ࢅ䝀䞥ড়ৠ, 278, 348, 352 contingency, See reserveᑨᗹᮑ˖䇋㾕ޚcost-plus-percentage of cost (CPPC), See cost-䞥ǒreserveǓplus-fee៤ᴀࡴᣝ䌍⫼ⱒߚ↨䅵ㅫ䝀䞥˖䇋㾕៤ᴀࡴ䝀䞥DŽ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3822004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
cost-reimbursable contract䌍⫼ᅲᅲ䫔ড়ৠdirect and manage project executionᣛᇐϢ, 352 ㅵ⧚乍Ⳃᠻ㸠, 9, 56, 78, 91, 92, 93, 119, CPF,See cost-plus-fee (CPF) 㾕៤ᴀࡴ䝀䞥216, 232, 264, 267, 291, 377 CPFF,See cost-plus-fixed-fee (CPFF) 㾕៤ᴀdisciplineϧϮᄺ⾥, 378 ࡴᅮ䝀䞥discrete effortৃߚゟൟᡩܹ, 363 CPI,See cost performance index (CPI) 㾕䌍document᭛ӊ, 78, 285, 287, 371 ⫼ᅲᮑᣛ᭄documented proceduresᔶ៤᭛ӊⱘᑣ,369CPIF, See cost-plus-incentive-fee (CPIF) 㾕DU,See duration (DU) 㾕ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈៤ᴀࡴ哧ࢅ䝀䞥ড়ৠdummy activity㰮ᢳ⌏ࡼ, 374 CPM,See critical path method (CPM) 㾕݇䬂DUR,See duration (DUR) 㾕ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈䏃㒓⊩CPPC, Seeduration (DU/DUR) ᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈, 348, 352 cost-plus-percentage of cost (CPPC)៤ᴀࡴᣝ䌍⫼ⱒߚ↨䅵ㅫ䝀䞥Ecrashing䍊Ꮉ, 145, 357 EAC,See estimate at completion (EAC) 㾕ᅠ៤create WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) ࠊᯊԄㅫᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ, 353 early finish date (EF) ᳔ᮽᅠ៤᮹ᳳ, 348, 380 criteriaޚ߭, 283, 287, 378 early start date (ES) ᳔ᮽᓔྟ᮹ᳳ, 348, 379 critical activity݇䬂⌏ࡼ, 357 earned value (EV) ᅲ⦄Ӌؐ, 173, 174, 176, critical chain method݇䬂䫒⊩, 147, 357 234, 348, 369, 375 critical path݇䬂䏃㒓, 145, 348, 357 earned value management (EVM) ᅲ⦄Ӌؐcritical path method (CPM) ݇䬂䏃㒓⊩, 357 ㅵ⧚, 348, 369 current finish dateᔧࠡᅠ៤᮹ᳳ, 353 earned value technique (EVT) ᅲ⦄Ӌؐᡔᴃ,current start dateᔧࠡᓔྟ᮹ᳳ, 353 172, 348, 369 customerᅶ᠋, 26, 181, 364 EF,See early finish date (EF) 㾕᳔ᮽᅠ៤᮹ᳳCV,See cost variance (CV) 㾕䌍⫼أᏂeffortҎᡩܹ, 348, 349, 352, 367 CWBS, See contract work breakdown EMV, See expected monetary value (EMV) structure (CWBS) 㾕ড়ৠᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㾕乘ᳳ䋻ᏕӋؐDenterpriseџϮ, 40, 83, 87, 90, 101, 107, 127, 136, 140, 162, 184, 203, 210, 225, 242, data date (DD) ᭄᮹ᳳ, 348, 369 247, 275, 353 date᮹ᳳ, 144, 348, 367 enterprise environmental factorsџϮ⦃๗㋴,DD,See data date (DD) 㾕᭄᮹ᳳ40, 83, 87, 90, 101, 107, 127, 136, 140, 162, decision tree analysisއㄪᷥߚᵤ, 363 184, 203, 210, 225, 242, 247, 275, 369 decompose,Seedecompositionߚ㾷˖㾕ES, See early start date (ES) 㾕᳔ᮽᓔྟ᮹ᳳdecompositionestimateԄㅫ, 167, 168, 173, 348, 358 decompositionߚ㾷, 114, 115, 128, 354 estimate at completion (EAC) ᅠ៤ᯊԄㅫ,defect㔎䱋, 92, 93, 94, 96, 98, 99, 189, 196, 173, 175, 176, 177, 348, 371, 379 197, 367 estimate to complete (ETC) ᅠ៤ᇮ䳔Ԅㅫ,defect repair㔎䱋ׂ⧚, 92, 93, 94, 96, 98, 99, 173, 175, 177, 348, 371 189, 196, 197, 367 ETC, See estimate to complete (ETC) 㾕ᅠ៤deliverableৃѸҬ៤ᵰ, 297, 363 ᇮ䳔Ԅㅫdelphi technique⡍ᇨ㧆ᡔᴃ, 370 EV, See earned value (EV) 㾕ᅲ⦄Ӌؐdependency, Seelogical relationship eventџӊ, 369 ձ䌪݇㋏˖㾕䘏䕥݇㋏EVM, See earned value management (EVM) ㋶ᓩdesign review䆒䅵ᅵᶹ, 180, 368 㾕ᅲ⦄Ӌؐㅵ⧚develop project charterࠊᅮ乍Ⳃゴ, 9, 43, EVT, See earned value technique (EVT) 㾕ᅲ45, 78, 81, 82, 85, 86, 377 ⦄Ӌؐᡔᴃdevelop project management planࠊᅮ乍Ⳃexception report՟џ乍ਞ, 364 ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ, 9, 48, 78, 88, 89, 90, 91, 124, executeᠻ㸠, 38, 40, 41, 55, 56, 67, 68, 78, 158, 377 92, 291, 376 develop project scope statement (preliminary) executing processesᠻ㸠䖛, 377 ࠊᅮ乍Ⳃ˄߱ℹ˅㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк, 366 executing, Seeexecuteᠻ㸠˖㾕executedevelop project team乍Ⳃಶ䯳ᓎ䆒, 10, 57, execution. Seeexecuteᠻ㸠˖㾕execution199, 209, 212, 213, 215, 372 ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 383
㋶ᓩ expected monetary value (EMV) analysis initiating processesਃࡼ䖛, 366 乘ᳳ䋻ᏕӋؐߚᵤ, 257, 348, 376 initiatorਃࡼ㗙, 366 inputձ, 218, 230, 351, 352, 354, 356, 357, F358, 359, 361, 362, 363, 366, 367, 368, failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) ༅ᬜ369, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 377, 379 ᓣϢᕅડߚᵤ, 348, 368 inspectionẔᶹ, 119, 196, 361 fast trackingᖿ䗳䎳䖯, 364 integralϡৃ㔎ᇥⱘ㒘៤䚼ߚ, 351 FF,See finish-to-finish (FF) 㾕ᅠ៤ᇍᅠ៤integratedᵘ៤ᭈԧⱘ, 9, 61, 79, 88, 96, 98, FF,See free float (FF) 㾕㞾⬅ᯊᏂ99, 101, 112, 119, 121, 122, 130, 135, 138, 152, 153, 155, 167, 171, 172, 177, FFP,See firm-fixed-price (FFP) 㾕⹂ᅮⱘᅮ187, 190, 197, 198, 218, 231, 234, 264, ᘏӋ267, 280, 290, 291, 294, 357 finish dateᅠ៤᮹ᳳ, 370 integrated change controlᭈԧবࠊ, 9, 61, finish-to-finish (FF) ᅠ៤ᇍᅠ៤, 348, 370 79, 88, 96, 98, 99, 101, 112, 119, 121, 122, finish-to-start (FS)ᅠ៤ᇍᓔྟ, 349, 370 130, 135, 138, 152, 153, 155, 167, 171, firm-fixed-price (FFP) contract⹂ᅮᅮӋড়ৠ,172, 177, 187, 190, 197, 198, 218, 231, 348, 367 234, 264, 267, 280, 290, 291, 294, 376 fixed-price or lump-sum contractᅮӋᘏӋinvitation for bid (IFB) ᡩᷛ䙔䇋, 349, 370 ড়ৠ, 357 issue䯂乬, 84, 85, 218, 236, 371 fixed-price-incentive-fee (FPIF) contractᅮKᘏӋࡴ༪ࢅ䝀䞥ড়ৠ, 349, 357 float, Seetotal float and see also free float Knowledgeⶹ䆚, 3, 9, 12, 13, 15, 38, 70, 77, ᯊᏂ˖㾕ᘏᯊᏂ㞾⬅ᯊᏂ78, 103, 104, 117, 123, 148, 157, 179, flowcharting㒬ࠊ⌕, 193, 359 199, 200, 221, 230, 237, 247, 264, 269, FMEA,See270, 271, 349, 372, 373, 374, 376 failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA)㾕༅ᬜᓣϢᬜᵰߚᵤknowledge area processⶹ䆚乚ඳ䖛, 376 knowledge area, project management, Seeforecasts乘⌟, 96, 174, 234, 375 Project Management Knowledge Area㾕forward passℷ䅵ㅫ, 376 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚乚ඳFPIF, See fixed-price-incentive-fee (FPIF) 㾕ᅮᘏӋࡴ༪ࢅ䝀䞥ড়ৠLfree float (FF) 㞾⬅ᯊᏂ, 348, 379 Lagᓊ䖳ᯊ䯈, 375 FS,See finish-to-start (FS) 㾕ᅠ៤ᇍᓔྟlate finish date (LF) ᳔䖳ᅠ៤᮹ᳳ, 349, 379 functional manager㘠㛑㒣⧚, 377 late start date (LS) ᳔䖳ᓔྟ᮹ᳳ, 379 functional organization㘠㛑㒘㒛, 29, 377 latest revised estimate, Seeestimate at funds䞥, 360 completion᳔䖥ׂℷԄㅫ˖㾕ᅠ៤ᯊԄㅫGleadᦤࠡᯊ䯈, 370 lessons learnedপⱘᬭ䆁, 230, 371 gantt chart, Seebar chart⫬⡍˖䇋㾕῾䘧lessons learned knowledge baseপⱘᬭ䆁ǒbar chartǓⶹ䆚ᑧ, 371 goodsଚક, 371 level of effort (LOE) Ҏᡩܹ䞣, 349, 367 gradeㄝ㑻, 180, 353 leveling,Seeresource levelingࠞዄ˖䇋㾕䌘⑤ground rules㾘ⶽ, 214, 357 ᑇ㸵ǒresource levelingǓHLF,See late finish date (LF)㾕᳔䖳ᅠ៤᮹ᳳhammock activity∛ᘏ⌏ࡼ, 359 life cycle, Seeproject life cycle⫳ੑᳳ˖㾕乍historical informationग़ֵᙃ, 102, 364 Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳhuman resources planningҎ䌘⑤㾘ߦ, 10, LOE,See level of effort (LOE) 㾕Ҏᡩܹ䞣52, 199, 202, 203, 204, 205, 207, 214, 367 log᮹䆄, 218, 367 logic diagram, See project schedule network Idiagram䘏䕥˖㾕乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰IFB, See invitation for bid (IFB)㾕ᡩᷛ䙔䇋logic,Seenetwork logic䘏䕥˖㾕㔥㒰䘏䕥imposed dateᔎࠊ᮹ᳳ, 366 logical relationship䘏䕥݇㋏, 133, 358, 365 influence diagramᕅડ, 375 LS,See late start date (LS) 㾕᳔䖳ᓔྟ᮹ᳳinfluencerᮑࡴᕅડ㗙, 368 information distributionֵᙃথᏗ, 10, 57, 221, 228, 229, 230, 231, 374 ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3842004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
MPmanage project teamㅵ⧚乍Ⳃಶ䯳, 10, 63, parametric estimatingখ᭄Ԅㅫ, 142, 165, 199, 215, 216, 217, 218, 357 169, 351 manage stakeholdersㅵ⧚߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙, 10, pareto diagramᏩ㌃ᠬ, 195, 366 64, 221, 235, 236, 357 path convergence䏃㒓Ӯ㘮, 365 master scheduleᘏ䖯ᑺ㸼, 379 path divergence䏃㒓ߚ, 365 materiel⠽䌘, 116, 371 PC,See percent complete㾕ᅠ៤ⱒߚ↨matrix organizationⶽ䰉㒘㒛, 30, 31, 363 PCT, See percent complete㾕ᅠ៤ⱒߚ↨methodologyᮍ⊩, 85, 87, 90, 93, 95, 99, PDM, See precedence diagramming method101, 243, 354 㾕㋻ࠡ݇㋏㒬⊩milestone䞠, 89, 130, 131, 149, 151, 364 percent complete (PC or PCT) ᅠ៤ⱒߚ↨,milestone schedule䞠䖯ᑺ㸼, 151, 364 349, 370 monitorⲥ㾚, 9, 38, 40, 41, 59, 60, 61, 78, 94, perform quality assurance (QA) ᅲᮑ䋼䞣ֱ䆕95, 96, 171, 264, 265, 267, 361 , 369 monitor and control project workⲥ㾚Ϣࠊperform quality control (QC) ᅲᮑ䋼䞣ࠊ,乍ⳂᎹ369, 9, 61, 78, 94, 95, 96, 267, 361 performance measurement baselineᅲᮑᚙމmonitoring and controlling processesⲥ㾚Ϣ⌟䞣ޚ, 369 ࠊ䖛, 59, 361 performance reportingਞ䖯ሩ, 10, 64, 221, monitoring, Seemonitor㾕ⲥ㾚˄monitor˅231, 232, 233, 291, 293, 350 monte carlo analysis㩭⡍व⋯ߚᵤ, 146, 365 performance reports䖯ሩਞ, 120, 153, 172, N216, 233, 266, 292, 363 performing organizationᅲᮑ㒘㒛, 369 near-critical activity䖥݇䬂⌏ࡼ, 362 PF,See planned finish date (PF) 㾕䅵ߦᅠ៤network㔥㒰, 133, 371 ᮹ᳳnetwork analysis㔥㒰ߚᵤ, 371 phase,Seeproject phase䰊↉˖㾕乍Ⳃ䰊↉network logic㔥㒰䘏䕥, 371 plan contractingথࣙ㾘ߦ, 10, 55, 269, 281, network loop㔥㒰ಲ䏃, 371 282, 353 network open end㔥㒰ᇕ䯁ッ, 371 plan purchases and acquisitions䞛䌁㾘ߦ,network path㔥㒰䏃㒓, 371 10, 54, 269, 274, 275, 276, 279, 296, 351 networkingᓎゟ㔥㒰, 207, 361 planned finish date (PF), Seeschedulednode㡖⚍, 348, 362 finish date䅵ߦᅠ៤᮹ᳳ˖㾕scheduledOfinish dateplanned start date (PS), Seescheduled start objectiveⳂᷛ, 365 date䅵ߦᓔྟ᮹ᳳ˖㾕scheduled start OBS,See organizational breakdown structure date(OBS) 㾕㒘㒛ߚ㾷㒧ᵘplanned value (PV) 䅵ߦӋؐ, 173, 174, 175, OD,See original duration㾕ॳᅮᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈176, 234, 349, 360 operationsϮࡵ, 375 planning package㾘ߦࣙ, 129, 357 opportunityᴎӮ, 359 planning processes㾘ߦ䖛, 357 organization㒘㒛, 9, 13, 19, 31, 32, 84, 180, PM,See project management (PM) 㾕乍Ⳃㅵ⧚197, 205, 226, 379 PM, See project manager (PM) 㾕乍Ⳃ㒣⧚organization chart㒘㒛㸼, 205, 379 ®PMBOK,See project management body of organizational breakdown structure (OBS) 㒘㒛®knowledge (PMBOK)㾕乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ߚ㾷㒧ᵘ, 117, 205, 349, 379 PMIS, See project management information ㋶ᓩorganizational process assets㒘㒛䖛䌘ѻ,system (PMIS) 㾕乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳40, 84, 87, 90, 101, 102, 107, 109, 113, PMO, See program management office 122, 127, 136, 140, 143, 155, 162, 177, (PMO)㾕乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ࡲ݀ᅸ184, 190, 191, 204, 210, 216, 218, 225, PMO, See project management office (PMO) 230, 234, 235, 236, 242, 247, 250, 255, ®PMP,See project management professional 268, 275, 284, 287, 294, 297, 379 (PMP)㾕㘠Ϯ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚Ҏਬoriginal duration (OD) ॳᅮᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈, 376 portfolio㓐ড়㸠ࡼ, 16, 379 output៤ᵰ, 351, 352, 354, 356, 357, 358, portfolio management㓐ড়㸠ࡼㅵ⧚, 16, 379 359, 361, 362, 363, 366, 367, 368, 369, position descriptionቫԡ䇈ᯢ, 205, 355 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 377, 379 practiceخ⊩ǃᛃ՟, 113, 234, 380 ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 385
㋶ᓩ precedence diagramming method (PDM) ㋻ࠡproject charter乍Ⳃゴ, 43, 45, 86, 87, 108, ݇㋏㒬⊩109, 353, 374 , 132, 133, 258, 349 362 project communications management乍Ⳃ≳䗮precedence relationship㋻ࠡ݇㋏, 362 ㅵ⧚, 10, 221, 222, 223, 347, 373 predecessor activityܜ㸠⌏ࡼ, 372 project cost management乍Ⳃ䌍⫼ㅵ⧚, 10, preventive action乘䰆㸠ࡼ, 92, 93, 96, 98, 77, 157, 158, 159, 160, 347, 372 99, 189, 197, 218, 267, 376 project human resource management乍ⳂҎprobability and impact matrixὖ⥛Ϣᕅડⶽ䰉,䌘⑤ㅵ⧚, 10, 199, 200, 201, 202, 347, 374 245, 251, 252, 355 procedureᑣ, 93, 101, 102, 296, 352 project initiation乍Ⳃਃࡼ, 374 process䖛, 23, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, project integration management乍Ⳃᭈԧㅵ⧚,44, 45, 46, 47, 55, 56, 59, 60, 66, 67, 68, 9, 77, 79, 80, 347, 374 69, 78, 85, 88, 89, 103, 106, 123, 126, project life cycle乍Ⳃ⫳ੑᳳ, 9, 19, 21, 23, 157, 159, 160, 179, 181, 183, 187, 188, 24, 374 189, 194, 197, 200, 202, 221, 223, 230, project management (PM) 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚, 349, 373 237, 241, 270, 273, 350, 351, 352, 353, project management body of knowledge ®354, 355 , 357, 358, 359, 361, 362, 365, (PMBOK)乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏, 3, 4, 9, 12, 366, 367, 369, 372, 373, 374, 376, 377, 77, 78, 349, 373 379project management information system (PMIS) process group, SeeProject Management 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ֵᙃ㋏㒳, 86, 95, 349, 373 Process Groups䖛㒘˖㾕乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛㒘project management knowledge area乍Ⳃㅵ⧚procurement documents䞛䌁᭛ӊ, 282, 284, ⶹ䆚乚ඳ, 9, 11, 69, 362, 373 351project management office (PMO) 乍Ⳃㅵ⧚procurement management plan䞛䌁ㅵ⧚䅵ߦࡲ݀ᅸ, 17, 18, 26, 32, 33, 349, 373 , 279, 281, 284, 287, 290, 296, 351 project management plan乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ, 91, product៤ᵰ, 23, 24, 38, 83, 86, 102, 104, 92, 95, 98, 99, 101, 108, 122, 128, 137, 110, 111, 351 141, 144, 152, 156, 163, 172, 178, 185, product life cycle៤ᵰ⫳ੑᳳ, 23, 351 187, 190, 198, 204, 219, 226, 232, 236, product scope៤ᵰ㣗ೈ, 351 242, 247, 255, 264, 268, 276, 281, 287, product scope description៤ᵰ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢ, 351 295, 373 program䅵ߦ, 4, 16, 349, 360 project management process乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䖛,program management䅵ߦㅵ⧚, 16, 349, 360 9, 11, 12, 19, 37, 38, 39, 40, 67, 69, 70, program management office (PMO) 䅵ߦㅵ⧚77, 78, 79, 85, 89, 100, 367, 373 ࡲ݀ᅸ, 360 project management process group乍Ⳃㅵ⧚progressive elaboration䗤ℹᅠ, 6, 378 䖛㒘, 9, 12, 19, 23, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 55, 56, 59, 60, 66, project乍Ⳃ, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 67, 68, 69, 70, 77, 78, 85, 88, 100, 183, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 358, 373, 374 27, 32, 33, 37, 38, 39, 40, 43, 45, 46, 67, ®project management professional (PMP)㘠68, 69, 70, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, Ϯ乍Ⳃㅵ⧚Ҏਬ, 4, 8, 283, 349, 377 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, project management software乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䕃ӊ,106, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 117, 137, 148, 154, 165, 176, 373 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, project management system乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㋏㒳,126, 127, 128, 129, 131, 135, 137, 140, 33, 373 141, 142, 143, 144, 148, 149, 150, 152, project management team乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ಶ䯳, 13, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 162, 373163, 164, 165, 168, 170, 171, 172, 176, project manager (PM) 乍Ⳃ㒣⧚, 349, 374 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, project organization chart乍Ⳃㅵ⧚㒘㒛㸼,187, 190, 193, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 207, 210, 216, 374 204, 207, 210, 212, 213, 216, 217, 218, project phase乍Ⳃ䰊↉, 22, 23, 116, 362, 374 219, 221, 222, 223, 226, 229, 230, 231, 232, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, project process groups乍Ⳃ䖛㒘, 374 243, 245, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 255, project procurement management乍Ⳃ䞛䌁256, 260, 264, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, ㅵ⧚, 10, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 347, 271, 272, 273, 275, 276, 281, 282, 283, 372287, 291, 295, 347, 349, 351, 361, 362, project quality management乍Ⳃ䋼䞣ㅵ⧚,366, 372, 373, 374, 376, 377, 378, 379 10, 179, 180, 182, 183, 185, 347, 374 project calendar乍Ⳃ᮹ग़, 152, 374 ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3862004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
project risk management乍Ⳃ亢䰽ㅵ⧚, 10, quality assurance (QA) 䋼䞣ֱ䆕, 186, 187, 77, 237, 239, 241, 249, 260, 266, 268, 347, 188, 189, 197, 369 372 quality control (QC) 䋼䞣ࠊ, 186, 190, 191, project schedule乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼, 10, 51, 62, 86, 197, 198, 349, 377 89, 94, 112, 123, 130, 133, 135, 137, 138, quality management plan䋼䞣ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ, 186, 139, 143, 144, 145, 148, 149, 150, 151, 188, 191, 377 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 158, 164, 168, quality planning䋼䞣㾘ߦ, 10, 52, 179, 183, 169, 173, 174, 178, 193, 234, 274, 279, 184, 185, 186, 189, 377 349, 357, 362, 363, 368, 369, 374, 377 quantitative risk analysisᅮ䞣亢䰽ߚᵤ, 10, project schedule network diagram乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㔥54, 237, 246, 249, 250, 253, 254, 255, 㒰, 135, 144, 374 257, 259, 260, 261, 263, 353 project scope乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ, 9, 43, 45, 78, 86, 87, R88, 89, 99, 103, 105, 106, 108, 109, 110, 112, 113, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 127, RAM, See responsibility assignment matrix 131, 140, 143, 163, 168, 180, 184, 226, (RAM)㾕䋷ӏߚ䜡ⶽ䰉242, 247, 250, 255, 275, 347, 372 RBS, See resource breakdown structure project scope management乍Ⳃ㣗ೈㅵ⧚, 9, (RBS)㾕䌘⑤ߚ㾷㒧ᵘ103, 105, 106, 108, 109, 112, 113, 118, RBS, See risk breakdown structure (RBS) 㾕119, 120, 180, 347, 372 亢䰽ߚ㾷㒧ᵘproject scope management plan乍Ⳃㅵ⧚䅵ߦ,RD,See remaining duration (RD) 㾕࠽ԭᣕ㓁108, 109, 112, 113, 118, 119, 120, 372 ᯊ䯈project scope statement乍Ⳃ㣗ೈ䇈ᯢк, 9, regulation㾘ゴࠊᑺ, 353 43, 45, 78, 86, 87, 88, 89, 99, 108, 109, reliabilityৃ䴴ᗻ, 363 110, 113, 117, 118, 120, 121, 127, 131, remaining duration (RD) ࠽ԭᣕ㓁ᯊ䯈, 368 140, 143, 163, 168, 184, 226, 242, 247, request for informationֵᙃ䇋∖, 351, 374 250, 255, 275, 372 request for proposal (RFP) ᓎ䆂䙔䇋к, 361 project sponsor, Seesponsor乍Ⳃ䌲ࡽҎ˖㾕䌲ࡽҎrequest for quotation (RFQ) Ӌ䙔䇋к, 350 request seller responses䇋∖पᮍಲᑨ, 10, project stakeholder. Seestakeholder乍Ⳃ߽58, 269, 281, 284, 285, 366 ᆇ݇㋏㗙˖㾕߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙requested change⬇䇋ⱘব, 93, 96, 98, project summary work breakdown structure 112, 118, 119, 122, 130, 135, 138, 152, (PSWBS) 乍ⳂᘏᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ, 372 155, 167, 171, 177, 190, 197, 218, 231, project team乍Ⳃಶ䯳, 372 234, 267, 280, 290, 294, 368 project team directory乍Ⳃಶ䯳ৡᔩ, 372 requirement㽕∖, 375 project team members乍Ⳃಶ䯳៤ਬ, 372 reserveޚ䞥, 142, 166, 169, 263, 264, 266, project time management乍Ⳃᯊ䯈ㅵ⧚, 10, 375, 376, 378 77, 123, 124, 125, 126, 152, 347, 374 reserve analysisޚ䞥ߚᵤ, 142, 166, 169, project work, Seework乍ⳂᎹ˖㾕Ꮉ266, 378 projectized organization乍Ⳃऩ߫㒘㒛, 29, residual risk⅟ԭ亢䰽, 351 372resource䌘⑤, 89, 94, 117, 137, 138, 140, PS, See planned start date (PS) 㾕䅵ߦᓔྟ141, 144, 146, 147, 148, 151, 162, 165, ᮹ᳳ, 349 168, 199, 204, 208, 212, 213, 290, 349, PSWBS, See project summary work 378breakdown structure (PSWBS) 㾕乍ⳂᘏᎹresource breakdown structure (RBS) 䌘⑤ߚߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㾷㒧ᵘ, 117, 138, 205, 243, 247, 248, 249, PV, See planned value (PV) 㾕䅵ߦӋؐ㋶ᓩ253, 255, 263, 268, 349, 378 resource calendar䌘⑤᮹ग़, 138, 141, 144, Q168, 378 QA,See quality assurance (QA) 㾕䋼䞣ֱ䆕resource-constrained schedule, SeeQC,See quality control (QC) 㾕䋼䞣ࠊresource-limited scheduleফ䌘⑤ࠊ㑺ⱘ䖯qualitative risk analysisᅮᗻ亢䰽ߚᵤ, 10, 53, ᑺ㸼ˈ㾕ফ䌘⑤䰤ࠊ䖯ᑺ㸼, 369 237, 244, 246, 249, 250, 251, 253, 254, resource histogram䌘⑤Ⳉᮍ, 208, 378 259, 260, 263, 353 resource leveling䌘⑤ᑇ㸵, 146, 378 quality䋼䞣, 10, 39, 52, 56, 63, 89, 118, 166, resource planning, Seeactivity resource 179, 180, 181, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, estimating䌘⑤㾘ߦˈ㾕⌏ࡼ䌘⑤Ԅㅫ,188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 197, 232, 252, 204, 378 291, 348, 349, 367, 369, 374, 377 ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 387
㋶ᓩ resource-limited scheduleফ䌘⑤䰤ࠊ䖯ᑺ㸼,schedule developmentࠊᅮ䖯ᑺ㸼, 10, 51, 369123, 138, 139, 143, 144, 145, 149, 151, 152, 169, 274, 279, 377 responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) 䋷ӏschedule management plan䖯ᑺㅵ⧚䅵ߦ,ߚ䜡ⶽ䰉, 206, 349, 376 152, 153, 362 result៤ᵰ, 102, 352 schedule milestone䖯ᑺ䞠, 362 retainageֱ⬭䞥, 350 schedule model䖯ᑺൟ, 10, 51, 62, 86, 89, rework䖨Ꮉ, 353 94, 112, 123, 130, 133, 137, 138, 139, RFP, See request for proposal (RFP) 㾕ᓎ䆂143, 144, 145, 148, 149, 151, 152, 153, 䙔䇋к154, 155, 156, 158, 164, 169, 173, 174, RFQ,See request for quotation (RFQ) 㾕Ӌ178, 234, 274, 279, 349, 362, 363 䙔䇋кschedule network analysis䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤ,Risk亢䰽, 10, 53, 54, 65, 84, 89, 117, 141, 145, 363 144, 164, 237, 238, 240, 242, 243, 244, schedule performance index (SPI) 䖯ᑺᅲᮑ245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, ᣛ᭄, 154, 363 253, 254, 255, 256, 259, 260, 261, 262, schedule,Seeproject schedule and see also 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 276, 281, 287, schedule model䖯ᑺ㸼˖㾕乍Ⳃ䖯ᑺ㸼ঞ291, 349, 354, 355 䖯ᑺൟrisk acceptance亢䰽㞾⬭, 355 schedule variance (SV) 䖯ᑺবᏂ, 154, 155, risk avoidance㾘䙓亢䰽, 359 173,177, 234, 349, 362 risk breakdown structure (RBS) 亢䰽ߚ㾷㒧ᵘscheduled finish date (SF) 䅵ߦᅠ៤᮹ᳳ,, 117, 138, 205, 243, 244, 247, 248, 249, 349, 360, 362 253, 255, 263, 268, 349, 354 scheduled start date (SS) 䅵ߦᓔྟ᮹ᳳ, 360, risk category亢䰽㉏߿, 355 362risk database亢䰽᭄ᑧ, 355 scope㣗ೈ, 9, 48, 49, 62, 87, 103, 107, 108, risk identification亢䰽䆚߿, 10, 53, 237, 243, 109, 110, 112, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 246, 247, 249, 250, 253, 254, 259, 261, 122, 226, 354 263, 355 scope baseline, Seebaseline㣗ೈޚ˖㾕risk management plan亢䰽ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ, 10, 53, ޚ237, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 249, scope change㣗ೈব, 374 250, 251, 255, 260, 261, 265, 354 scope control㣗ೈࠊ, 9, 62, 103, 119, 120, risk management planning亢䰽ㅵ⧚㾘ߦ, 10, 121, 354 53, 237, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 249, scope creep㣗ೈ┰ব, 354 250, 251, 261, 354 scope definition㣗ೈᅮН, 9, 49, 87, 103, risk mitigation亢䰽ޣ䕏, 355 109, 110, 112, 226, 354 risk monitoring and control亢䰽ⲥ㾚Ϣࠊ,scope planning㣗ೈ㾘ߦ, 9, 48, 103, 107, 10, 65, 237, 254, 264, 265, 266, 267, 291, 108, 354 355scope verification㣗ೈḌᅲ, 9, 62, 103, 118, risk register亢䰽ⱏ䆄ݠ, 141, 144, 249, 250, 119, 354 253, 255, 259, 261, 263, 265, 267, 354 s-curve S᳆㒓, 366 risk response planning亢䰽ᑨᇍ㾘ߦ, 10, 54, secondary risk⫳亢䰽, 353 237, 246, 249, 250, 254, 260, 261, 263, 355select sellerपЏ䗝ᢽ, 10, 58, 269, 281, 286, risk transference亢䰽䕀⿏, 355 287, 288, 289, 290, 365 sellerपЏ, 271, 278, 287, 289, 291, 292, role㾦㡆, 32, 207, 362 295, 365 rolling wave planning⒮ࡼᓣ㾘ߦ, 128, 358 sensitivity analysisᬣᛳᗻߚᵤ, 365 root cause analysisḍᴀॳߚᵤ, 355 service᳡ࡵ, 102, 355 SSF,See scheduled finish date (SF) 㾕䅵ߦᅠ៤schedule activity䅵ߦ⌏ࡼ, 360 ᮹ᳳ, 349 schedule analysis, Seeschedule network SF, See start-to-finish (SF) 㾕ᓔྟᇍᅠ៤,analysis䖯ᑺߚᵤ˖㾕䖯ᑺ㔥㒰ߚᵤ349schedule compression䖯ᑺय़㓽, 145, 363 should-cost estimateড়⧚䌍⫼Ԅㅫ, 358 schedule control䖯ᑺࠊ, 10, 62, 123, 152, simulationᢳ, 146, 259, 365 153, 154, 156, 362 skillᡔ㛑, 360 slack, See total float and free float, ᯊᏂ˖㾕ᘏᯊᏂ㞾⬅ᯊᏂ, 368 ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3882004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
SOW, See statement of work (SOW) 㾕ᎹTF,See target finish date (TF) 㾕Ⳃᷛᅠ៤᮹䇈ᯢк, 82, 280, 349 ᳳspecial cause⡍⅞ॳ, 370 TF,See total float (TF) 㾕ᘏᯊᏂspecificationᡔᴃ㾘ᅮ䇈ᯢк, 361 threat࿕㚕, 371 specification limitsᡔᴃ㾘ᅮ⬠䰤, 361 three-point estimateϝ⚍Ԅㅫ, 142, 368 SPI, See schedule performance index (SPI) thresholdϟ䰤, 372 㾕䖯ᑺᅲᮑᣛ᭄, 155, 174, 177, 234, 349, time and material (T&M) contractᎹ᭭ড়ৠ,363356sponsorথ䍋ҎǃྨᠬҎǃ䌲ࡽҎ, 26, 375, time-now date, See data dateेࠏ᮹ᳳ˖㾕353᭄᮹ᳳSS, See scheduled start date (SS) 㾕䅵ߦᓔtime-scaled schedule network diagramᯊᷛྟ᮹ᳳ䖯ᑺ㔥㒰, 368 SS, See start-to-start (SS) 㾕ᓔྟᇍᓔྟtoolᎹ, 350, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 363, staffing management planҎਬ䜡ㅵ⧚䅵ߦ,364, 366, 368, 372, 373, 375, 376, 379 208, 210, 212, 213, 216, 367 total float (TF) ᘏᯊᏂ, 379 stakeholder߽ᆇ݇㋏㗙, 19, 24, 26, 82, 83, total quality management (TQM) ܼ䴶䋼䞣ㅵ109, 110, 111, 180, 226, 227, 231, 235, ⧚, 180, 181, 349, 367 370, 364 TQM,See total quality management (TQM) standardᷛޚ, 9, 113, 282, 350 㾕ܼ䴶䋼䞣ㅵ⧚start dateᓔྟ᮹ᳳ, 363 trend analysis䍟ߚᵤ, 266, 366 start-to-finish (SF) ᓔྟᇍᅠ៤, 363 triggers㾺থ㋴, 353 start-to-start (SS) ᓔྟᇍᓔྟ, 363 triple constraintϝ䞡ࠊ㑺ᗱ㗗⊩, 368 statement of work (SOW) Ꮉ䇈ᯢк, 356 TS,See target start date (TS) 㾕Ⳃᷛᓔྟ᮹strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and ᳳthreats (SWOT) ᗕߚᵤ, 248, 349, 370 Usubnetworkᄤ㔥㒰, 133, 378 subphaseᄤ䰊↉, 378 user⫼᠋, 376 subprojectᄤ乍Ⳃ, 378 Vsuccessor activityৢ㓁⌏ࡼ, 359 successor Seesuccessor activityৢ㓁㗙˖㾕validation⹂䅸, 367 ৢ㓁⌏ࡼvalue engineering (VE) ӋؐᎹ, 361 summary activityὖᣀᗻ⌏ࡼ, 355 varianceأᏂ, 121, 154, 158, 176, 234, 266, SV348, 349, 366 , See schedule variance (SV) 㾕䖯ᑺবᏂ SWOT, See strengths, weaknesses, variance analysisأᏂߚᵤ, 121, 154, 366 opportunities, and threats (SWOT) ᗕߚᵤVE, See value engineering (VE) 㾕ӋؐᎹ,349system㋏㒳, 86, 88, 90, 93, 95, 99, 101, 248, 288, 293, 296, 349, 372 verificationḌᅲ, 97, 358 virtual team㰮ᢳಶ䯳, 211, 375 Tvoice of the customer乒ᅶⱘໄ䷇, 180, 357 T&M,See time and material (T&M) 㾕Ꮉ᭭ড়ৠWtarget completion date (TC) Ⳃᷛᅠ៤᮹ᳳ,365war roomᅸ, 380 target finish date (TF) Ⳃᷛᅠ៤᮹ᳳ, 365 WBS, See work breakdown structure (WBS) target scheduleⳂᷛ䖯ᑺ㸼, 365 㾕Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㋶ᓩtarget start date (TS) Ⳃᷛᓔྟ᮹ᳳ, 365 workᎹ, 6, 27, 82, 87, 91, 94, 95, 98, 101, TC,See target completion date (TC) 㾕Ⳃᷛ113, 114, 116, 117, 120, 121, 128, 163, 168, 172, 188, 191, 205, 216, 232, 265, ᅠ៤᮹ᳳ276, 280, 281, 284, 292, 348, 349, 356 team members, Seeproject team memberswork authorizationᎹḌޚ, 356 ಶ䯳៤ਬwork authorization systemᎹḌޚࠊᑺ, 356 technical performance measurementᡔᴃᅲᮑᬜᵰ⌟䞣, 266, 361 techniqueᡔᴃ, 95, 348, 351, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 377, 378, 379 templateḋᵓ, 375 ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜2004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA 389
㋶ᓩ work breakdown structure (WBS) Ꮉߚ㾷㒧ᵘ, 9, 49, 86, 103, 104, 108, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 120, 121, 127, 128, 129, 130, 149, 155, 158, 159, 163, 168, 169, 173, 175, 177, 205, 206, 214, 234, 253, 258, 263, 276, 280, 349, 353, 356, 358, 372 work breakdown structure componentᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ㒘៤䚼ߚ, 356 work breakdown structure dictionaryᎹߚ㾷㒧ᵘ䆡∛㸼, 356 work item, See activity and schedule activityߚ乍Ꮉ˖㾕⌏ࡼ䅵ߦ⌏ࡼwork packageᎹ㒚Ⳃ, 114, 356 work performance informationᎹᅲᮑᚙމֵᙃ, 94, 95, 98, 101, 120, 172, 188, 191, 216, 232, 265, 292, 356 workaroundᴗবᮑ, 367 ®lj乍Ⳃㅵ⧚ⶹ䆚ԧ㋏ᣛफNJ(PMBOKᣛफ)ϝ⠜3902004 Project Management Institute, Four Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073-3299 USA
