北威尔士北美云杉林土壤水运动规律的研究.pdf

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ֻ16जֻ3௹ֹ`৘`॓`࿐୍8ᄅSCIENTIAGEOGRAPHICASINICAAug.,1996КຯغൖКૅᄉ೵ਟ๲ಛඣᄎ׮ܿੰ֥࿹࣮ 刘景双(ᇏݓ॓࿐ჽӉԽֹ৘࿹࣮෮,ӉԽ130021)ᅋ`ေ``Ч໓ંඍਔКຯغൖКૅᄉ೵ਟqPiceasitchensis(Bong)Carrr๲ಛ٤Ўބඣᄝ๲ಛ௩૫ഈ֥Լᆰބඣ௜ٚཟ֥ൈॢэ߄ݖӱࠣܿੰbࢲݔіૼ,іҪᇀ10cmധބ35j50cmധ֥๲ಛҪଽ٤Ўބඣݣਈ൓ᇔۚႿ10j20cmބ20j35cmധਆҪ֥٤Ўބඣݣਈb๲ಛ٤ЎބඣႵՖഈཟ༯ބՖ༯ཟഈҀ۳ᇏࡗҪ֥ܿੰb൳ඣ൝ะ؇֥႕ཙ,৒܎ଽ٤ЎބඣॖၛҧཟҀ۳ཌྷਣఇۺ֥๲ಛbᄝࡓҩ௹,๲ಛᇏીႵЎބඣބݖЎބඣᄎ׮ݖӱԛགྷbܱ࡯Ս``Кૅᄉ೵ਟ`٤Ўބඣ`ඣ൝ะ؇๲ಛඣ҂ࣇ൞ົӻᆱ໾ᆞӈളӉ֥ᇗေၹ෍,္൞๲ಛᇏႵࠏބ໭ࠏ߄ކ໾,৖ሰథ၍֥ᄛุb෱൞๲ಛ໾৘࿹࣮ቋࠃᄁ֥ਵთbଢభܱႿ๲ಛඣ֥࿹࣮Ⴕਆᇕٚൔ:၂൞০Ⴈ๲ಛඣؿള࿐֥ܴׄฐษ๲ಛඣ֥ྟᇉބো྘,ਸ਼၂൞၇ऌିਈ֥ۀ୑০Ⴈࠏྀ׮৯࿐aٳሰ׮৯࿐ބಣ৯࿐֥ჰ৘࿹࣮๲ಛඣ֥ିਈ׮෿,ႮՎটࢣൕ෱֥ੀ׮aᇌੀིࠣၭbᆃਆᇕ࿹࣮֥ᇶေଢ֥൞௟ࡎ๲ಛඣؓੳ೤ᆱ໾֥႕ཙ[1]bॖ୍࣍ࠫট,ݓଽຓྸ؟࿐ᆀၘϜ࿹࣮๲ಛඣა๲ಛඣᇏ֥߄࿐ჭ෍ਥಷࢲކఏট,ฐษ๲ಛඣ֥ਥಷؓߌ࣢֥႕ཙིႋၛࠣᄝ࿹࣮໾ᇉథ၍ݖӱᇏ֥ᇗေྟ[2j4]bႵದᄝ࿹࣮ފඣᇏ֥རූ࿷ݣਈൈؿགྷ,๲ಛඣᇏ֥རූ࿷ݣਈ൞֝ᇁފඣᇏརූ࿷ݣਈശ֥ۚᇶေჰၹ[5,6]bၹՎေࢣൕದູ൤٢֥ߌ࣢໪ಙ໾ބሱಖߌ࣢ᇏ໾ᇉᄝ๲ಛᇏ֥׮෿сྶ൮༵Ұౢބധೆ࿹࣮๲ಛඣ֥ᄎ׮ܿੰb1`ሱಖۀঃຯغൖ໊Ⴟն҂ਙ׀৳ކ຦ݓ֥༆ଲ҆აιغধۯݚཌྷຬb૫ࠒჿ2€104km2bКຯغൖ໊ႿຯغൖК҆,࣢ଽ؟֮೶a౭ਲ਼b೶౵؟ତӆ,ၛအရູᇶbಆ࣢උݚလྟ໑ջখွਟగ,ީቋ৏ᄅ(1ᄅ)௜नగ໑ູജ൦4¥ᇀ7¥b୍௜नࢆ჏ਈ1000mmၛഈbࢆ჏ࠢᇏᄝ11ᄅᇀՑ୍2ᄅᆭࡗb๲ಛᇶေູߧ߄๲ބስಛb೦ਟଽ๲Ҫ௜नި؇ູ10j35cmbᆱФো྘ႵҤֹ;ߙֹഈളӉ֥െଲܹ՗aᒑোࠣᅴᄶᆱФ;೦ਟԢՑളখွਟຓ,؟ඔູ30୍սၛটᇕᆱ֥Кૅᄉ೵ਟ(Piceasitchenssis)ބರЧઋွ඾,གྷၘष൓ն஻ਈࡗقb2`ҋਘაٚم`ဢٚ࿊ᄴࠣܳaࣔࣥੀ֥ҩק Ч໓Ⴎቔᆀᄝႇݓࣉྩ௹ࡗӵք֥࿹࣮ཛଢᆜ৘طӮb 3௹`````````ਾࣟච:КຯغൖКૅᄉ೵ਟ๲ಛඣᄎ׮ܿੰ֥࿹࣮`````````2`81`۽ቔׄएКຯغݚρ3km,೦ਟູ30aਟਭ֥Кૅᄉ೵ਟ2620ᇩ/km2,௜नඎۚնჿ15m,௜नྣۚᆰࣥਟ༯๲ಛູπስಛbᄝᇕᆱඎଡᆭభ,๲ಛФي۶,ྙӮॺ240cm,ۚ16cm֥ఇۺ,ఇۺᆭࡗ֥৒܎ധ20cm,ॺ60cmbఇۺഈඎଡࡗए200cmbֹ૫௡؇ູ7¢bᄝਟଽ࿊ᄴ၂۱15m€15m֥ဢٚ,ဢٚଽඎଡ59ᇩ,௜नྣۚᆰࣥ۴ऌྣۚຶӉϜ59ॐඎٳӮ6ቆ:30cmၛ༯,30j40,40j50,50j60ބ70j80cmbಖުᄝૄቆଽ࿊ᄴ၂ॐऎႵ௜नྣۚຶӉ֥ဢඎ܋6ॐႨႿҩקඎۄࣔੀbࣔੀልᇂູيϰൔሱ׮ඔ઒၎bૄᇛҐࠢඔऌਆՑ,৵࿃ࡓҩ3۱ᄅbᄝဢٚଽඎܳ༯ෛࠏ٢ᇂ12۱৵ࢤᆰࣥ15cm੐׶֥ऊၙ༎ෑਘ௞ҩקܳੀਈ,ૄᇛҩਈਆՑ,৵࿃ҩק3۱ᄅbᄝਟຓ০Ⴈ჏ਈఖҩקࢆ჏ਈ,ૄᇛ࠺੣ඔऌਆՑ`ᅦ৯࠹֥཮ᆞა൐Ⴈ൐Ⴈᅦ৯࠹ᆭభࡼ؟।ศՌЖႨᆕ਼ඣ࣏ஞ24ཬൈ,ಖުࡼศՌЖ֥၂϶࣏ೆልႵᆕ਼ඣ֥Жଽ,ᄜልݺඣၿЖ,Ⴈหᇅ֥࿢৯ᇿඣఖႮᇿඣ१ཟ৵ࢤศՌЖ֥ႵࠏѪৰܵଽᇿඣ,൐ܵଽ֥ॢగሱඣၿЖᇏಆ҆ஆԛѩႵඣੀԛ,ުႨ઄࿈ۂٿݺᇿඣ१b഍ުܴҳඣၿЖ৚֥ඣၿэ߄,ೂݔඣၿခख़؇ܵߏતഈശѩ໗קົӻᄝ၂ק࿢৯ᆴൈ,Վᅦ৯࠹ॖ൐Ⴈ,ڎᄵ൪ູ੐గ҂Ⴭ൐Ⴈb཮ᆞݺ֥ᅦ৯࠹οఃܿ۬նཬࣉྛщݼСႨbູਔಆ૫Ⴕֹིࡓҩ๲ಛ٤Ўބඣ֥э߄,ခဢٚؓ࢘ཌሱഈ௡ᇀ༯௡࿊ᄴ೘۱ҩ൫ׄ,ૄ۱ׄ8ᆦᅦ৯࠹ٳӮਆቆ:ૄቆ4ᆦ,௜ྛஆਙ,ࡗए30cm,ٳљҬೆ৒܎ބఇۺഈ(༵Ⴈᆰࣥაᅦ৯࠹ཌྷ๝֥ቇյݺ।),Ҭ֞Фҩധ؇ުཟቇ।ଽᇿೆഒਈ֥ඣ,ᄜႨ๲ಛೖࣅᅦ৯࠹აቇ।ࡗ֥ډ༣bФҩധ؇ٳљູіҪ༯10,20,35ބ45cm(ࠇ50cm)bνልݺ֥ᅦ৯࠹Ⴈᆦࡏܥקb׫࠱ေสഈЌ໑ܵၛٝख़؇ܵଽ֥ඣࢲѢ႕ཙҩ൫ࢲݔb3`ࢲݔაษં`ਟଽ჏ؓ๲ಛඣݣਈ႕ཙਟଽ჏֥ٳ஥൳ඎᇕaඎ֥ૡ؇aඎਭaࢆ჏఼؇a௔؇ބڄ෎֩ၹ෍֥႕ཙbၹՎܳੀaࣔੀބඎܳࢩ਽ਈᄝ҂๝֥ਟ྘ᇏ෮ᅝ֥б২తҵຣљbᄝКຯغൖֹ౵ࢆ჏௔ੱۚ,֌ૄՑࢆ჏఼؇ཬ,ૄՑࢆ჏ਈᄝ൅ࠫݸ૜ၛ༯֥௔ੱॖᅝሹࢆ჏௔ੱ֥70%ቐႷbၹՎඎܳࢩ਽ਈॖᅝࢆ჏ਈ֥40%ၛഈ,ቋۚॖղ100%bႮႿඎܳࢩ਽֥႕ཙ,ਟ༯๲ಛնჿॖࢤ൬֞ሹࢆ჏ਈ֥50%ቐႷ,ఃᇏࣔੀਈᅝ9%(і1)bႮႿࣔੀඣࠢᇏੀೆ์࣍ඎۄᇛຶ֥๲ಛᇏ,طܳੀඣٳ೛֯ઋႿਟܳ༯,ၹՎඎۄᇛຶ֥๲ಛࢤ൬֥ਟଽ჏ေۚႿਟܳ༯๲ಛࢤ൬֥ਟଽ჏,ਆᆀཌྷҵ࣍33ПbႮՎॖ࡮,ਟ༯๲ಛ֥ݣඣਈᆰࢤ൳֞ࣔੀaܳੀބࢩ਽֥႕ཙb҂๝ൈ؍a҂๝໊ᇂ֥๲ಛݣඣਈ൞҂नᄋ֥`๲ಛ٤Ўބඣෛൈࡗ֥э߄ࣜ৵࿃ܴҩ֥ࢲݔіૼ:ဢٚଽఇഈ3۱ҩ֥ׄ๲ಛ٤Ўބඣݣਈҵၳ҂ն,֌ૄ۱ҩׄ҂๝ധ؇ࡗ֥๲ಛ٤Ўބඣݣਈҵၳ٤ӈૼཁb৒܎ଽ3۱ҩ֥ׄ๲ಛ٤Ўބඣэ߄აఇۺഈ๲ಛ٤Ўބඣэ߄ཌྷර,֌৒܎ଽ๲ಛ٤Ўބඣ൓ᇔۚႿఇഈ֥٤Ўބඣ(๭1)bႮ๭1ॖ࡮,๲ಛ٤Ўބඣ֥ݣਈᄝࡓҩభ௹ཌྷུ֮ؓ,ᄝᇏaު௹ෛሢࢆ჏௔ੱࠣࢆඣਈ֥ᄹࡆ,๲ಛᇏ٤ЎބඣݣਈႵཌྷႋᄹࡆ,֌ݣਈэ߄ږ؇ࢠཬbᄝ࣍3۱ᄅࡓҩ௹ଽ,ఇۺഈބ৒܎๲ಛඣनໃղ֞ЎބࠇݖЎބሑ෿(ᅦ৯ᆴໃղ֞ਬ),๲ุଽ໭ݖЎބඣറԛ,๲ಛඣ֥ᄎ׮ၛ٤Ўބඣሑ෿ᄎ׮ູᇶb 282```````````````ֹ``৘``॓``࿐```````````````16जі1`ࢆ჏ਈᄝКૅᄉ೵ਟᇏ֥ٳ஥Table1DistributionofprecipitationinSitkaspruceforestࡓҩರ௹ࢆ჏ਈܳੀਈܳੀਈᅝࢆࣔੀਈࣔੀਈᅝࢆࢩੀਈࢩੀਈᅝࢆ(ᄅ ರ)(mm)(mm)჏ਈϤٳб(mm)჏ਈϤٳб(mm)჏ਈϤٳб11```````````````````````ሹ`ਈ๭1`ఇۺഈބ৒܎ଽ๲ಛ٤Ўބඣ֥׮෿`Dynamicsofunsaturatedsoilwaterinridgeandfurrowprofiles 3௹`````````ਾࣟච:КຯغൖКૅᄉ೵ਟ๲ಛඣᄎ׮ܿੰ֥࿹࣮`````````2`83``٤Ўބ๲ಛඣᄝ๲ಛ௩૫ഈ֥ᄎ၍`ఇۺഈ๲ಛᇏ٤Ўބඣᄎ၍๲ಛ٤Ўބඣ֥Լᆰᄎ၍Ԣ൳ᇗ৯ބᆕؿ႕ཙຓ,ᇶေ౼थႿඣ൝ะ؇֥նཬb္ࣼ൞ඪ๲ಛ٤ЎބඣՖ၂ׄཟਸ਼၂ׄ၍׮֥׮৯൞ඣ൝ҵaࠧՖۚඣ൝ཟ֮ඣ൝ٚཟᄎ၍,ၛղ֞ࢆ֮ֆ໊ए৖ଽඣ֥ሱႮିඣ௜[1]bЧ໓ၛ҂๝๲Ҫᆭࡗඣ൝(ᅦ৯ᆴ)ะ؇ҵᆴіඍ٤Ўބඣ֥ᄎ၍ٚཟbᆞҵᆴіൕ༯Ҫ๲ಛ٤ЎބඣݣਈۚႿഈҪ,ඣ൝ะ؇Ⴎ༯ཟഈ־ࡨ,٤ЎބඣՖ༯ҪཟഈҪᄎ၍,ڵᆴཌྷّb҂๝ൈख़֥ᅦ৯ᆴҵᆴაਬ֥ҵᄹնࠇࡨཬ,іૼ٤Ўބඣ֥ᄎ၍఼؇ཌྷႋࡆնࠇࡨཬbᅦ৯ᆴҵᆴູਬൈ,ഈa༯ਆҪ๲ಛ٤Ўބඣݣਈཌྷ֩,ᆃൈ๲ಛ٤Ўބඣ֥ᄎ၍҂൳ඣ൝ะ؇֥႕ཙ,ᇶေ൳ᇗ৯॥ᇅb๭2aіൕఇഈ3۱ࡓҩׄіҪᇀ10cmބ10cmᇀ20cmധ๲Ҫࡗ֥๲ಛ٤Ўބඣᄎ၍ݖӱbᄝࡓҩ௹భ၂۱ᄅ,іҪᇀ10cmധ๲Ҫଽ֥٤ЎބඣݣਈۚႿ10cmᇀ20cmധ๲Ҫ֥ݣਈ,٤Ўބඣခሢ௩૫ཟ༯ᄎ၍,11ᄅ12ರᇀ15ರᄎ၍఼؇ղቋն,ෛުᇯࡶࡨ೐bᄝࡓҩ௹ުਆ۱ᄅ,ഈa༯ਆҪࡗ֥٤Ўބඣݣਈҵၳ҂ն,ሹุіགྷԛ༯Ҫଽ٤ЎބඣݣਈۚႿഈҪ,༯Ҫ٤Ўބඣཟഈᄎ၍,֌఼؇҂նb๭2b൞ఇഈ3۱ҩׄ20cmބ35cmധ๲Ҫࡗ֥๲ಛ٤Ўބඣᄎ၍ݖӱbԢࡓҩ௹భ϶۱ᄅֹіࢤ൬֥ਟ༯჏ॖ๙ݖ10cma20cm๲Ҫᄎ၍֞35cmധ๲Ҫຓ,ࡓҩު௹ഈҪ๲ಛ٤Ўބඣ֥ݣਈჹჹ֮Ⴟ༯Ҫ,٤Ўބඣሱ༯ཟഈᄎ၍b๭2c൞35cmބ50cmധ๲Ҫࡗ֥๲ಛ٤Ўބඣᄎ၍׮෿bႮ౷ཌэ߄ॖၛुԛ,༯Ҫ๲ಛᇏ٤Ўބඣݣਈ൓ᇔۚႿഈҪ,٤Ўބඣሱ༯ཟഈᄎ၍b༯Ҫ٤Ўބඣݣਈۚ൞ႮႿࢤ൬֞৒܎ଽ٤ЎބඣҀ۳෮ᇁb๭2`ఇۺഈ҂๝๲ಛҪࡗ٤Ўބඣᄎ၍ݖӱ`ބ20cm๲Ҫࡗ֥٤Ўބඣᄎ၍ݖӱ,ބ35cm๲Ҫࡗ֥٤Ўބඣᄎ၍ݖӱ,ބ50cm๲Ҫࡗ֥٤Ўބඣᄎ၍ݖӱ`ఇۺࡗ৒܎๲ಛ٤Ўބඣᄎ၍๭3෮іൕ൞ఇࡗ৒܎҂๝ധ؇๲ಛҪࡗ֥٤Ўބඣэ߄ݖӱbՖ๭3aु,ֹіࢤ൬֥ 284```````````````ֹ``৘``॓``࿐```````````````16जਟ༯჏ᄝࡓҩభ၂۱ᄅॖၛᄎ၍֞20cmധ๲Ҫ,ᄝު௹ႮႿԛགྷਆՑࢠն֥ࢆ჏,ၹՎіҪ๲ಛ٤Ўބඣཟ༯ᄎ၍,طᄝః෱ൈࡗ,༯Ҫ๲ಛ٤ЎބඣݣਈۚႿഈҪbᆃᇕགྷའ֥Ӂള൞ႮႿֹі४ᆥઋွҪࢠ,ިਟ༯჏ࣜ४ᆥઋွ་൬aࢩ਽ު҂ቀၛ൐іҪ๲ಛᇏ֥٤Ўބඣݣਈӑݖ༯Ҫ,ၹՎીႵཟ༯ᄎ၍ݖӱbᄝ20cmބ35cmധ๲Ҫࡗ,Ԣࡓҩष൓ބ12ᄅ17ರᇀ1ᄅ3ರᆭࡗԛགྷഈҪ๲ಛ٤Ўބඣॖཟ༯ᄎ၍֞༯Ҫ๲ಛຓ,ః෱ൈࡗनીႵཟ༯ᄎ၍ݖӱ(๭3b),༯Ҫ๲ಛ٤Ўބඣ൓ᇔۚႿഈҪ,٤Ўބඣཟഈᄎ၍bᆃᇕགྷའ၂൞༯Ҫ๲ಛྐྵඣି৯఼,ਸ਼၂൞൳ᆕؿ႕ཙཬ෮ᇁbᄝ35cmބ50cmധ๲ಛҪࡗ٤Ўބඣഈa༯ᄎ၍ࠏੱႵ෮ᄹࡆ(๭3c)b֌धն҆ٳൈࡗଽ35cmധ๲ಛ֥٤Ўބඣݣਈ֮Ⴟ50cmധ๲Ҫ,٤Ўބඣཟഈᄎ၍֥ۀੱۚbՖᆜ۱๲ಛ௩૫٤Ўބඣ֥э߄,ु๲ಛ٤Ўބඣᄎ၍ݖӱႵਆᇕགྷའ,၂൞іҪ๲ಛࢤ൬ਟ༯჏֥ਈնൈ,๲ಛ٤Ўބඣॖၛᄎ၍֞۷ധ๲ಛҪ;ؽ൞ႮႿ50cmധ๲Ҫ֥Ќඣି৯఼,൳ᆕؿ႕ཙཬ,֒ࢤ൬֞ഈҪ༯၍֥٤Ўބඣ,ުॖၛࢠӉൈࡗЌӻھҪႵࢠ֥ۚ٤Ўބඣݣਈ,ၹՎ50cmധ๲Ҫ֥٤ЎބඣႵཟഈҀ۳֥ݖӱbՖ҂๝ധ؇٤Ўބඣݣਈु,ᄝ20cmᇀ35cmധ๲ҪଽԛགྷཌྷؓoۄݬҪpb๭3`৒܎ଽ҂๝๲ಛҪࡗ٤Ўބඣᄎ၍ݖӱ`ބ20cm๲Ҫࡗ֥٤Ўބඣᄎ၍ݖӱ,ބ35cm๲Ҫࡗ֥٤Ўބඣᄎ၍ݖӱ,ބ50cm๲Ҫࡗ֥٤Ўބඣᄎ၍ݖӱ`๲ಛ٤Ўބඣ֥ҧཟᄎ၍๲ಛ٤Ўބඣ֥ҧཟᄎ၍ݖӱ౼थႿඣ௜ٚཟഈཌྷਢਆׄࡗඣ൝(ᅦ৯ᆴ)ะ؇bࣜҩק,ᄝКૅᄉ೵ਟ༯๝၂ധ؇֥๲ಛ٤Ўބඣ҂ؿളҧཟᄎ၍ݖӱb֌ႮႿඎۄᇛຶ๲ಛࢤ൬֥ࣔੀඣਈۚႿਟܳ༯๲ಛࢤ൬֥ܳੀඣਈ,ၹՎᄝඎۄᇛຶ၂קٓຶଽ֥٤Ўބඣԛགྷҧཟᄎ၍ݖӱb۴ऌ࿹࣮౵ֹіหᆘ,০Ⴈᇏሰฐᆌބ؟।ศՌЖҩק֥Кૅᄉ೵ਟ༯ఇۺഈބ৒܎ᆭࡗ๲ಛ٤Ўބඣ֥э߄׮෿ࢲݔ,ᄝ๝၂ധ؇,৒܎ଽ๲ಛ٤ЎބඣݣਈۚႿఇഈ๲ಛ٤Ўބඣ֥ݣਈb၇ऌඣ൝ะ؇ۀ୑,৒܎ଽ๲ಛ٤Ўބඣඣ൝ۚႿఇഈ๲ಛ֥ඣ 3௹`````````ਾࣟච:КຯغൖКૅᄉ೵ਟ๲ಛඣᄎ׮ܿੰ֥࿹࣮`````````2`85`൝bၹՎᄝཌྷਢਆׄࡗ๲ಛ٤Ўބඣሱ৒܎ཟఇۺ๲ಛ๝၂ധ؇ҧཟᄎ၍(๭4)bఇഈ๲ಛॖၛӉ௹֤֞টሱ৒܎ଽ๲ಛ٤Ўބඣ֥Ҁ۳b๭4`ఇۺބ৒܎ᆭࡗ๲ಛ٤Ўބඣҧཟᄎ၍ݖӱ`Lateralflowprocessofunsaturatedsoilwaterbetweentheridgeandthefurrow4`ࢲં(1)ਟଽ๲ಛ෮ࢤ൬֥ਟ༯ඣ҂न,ඎۄᇛຶ֥๲ಛࢤ൬֥ࣔੀਈۚႿਟܳ༯๲ಛࢤ൬֥ܳੀඣ֥Пbࣔੀඣ҂ࣇॖཟ༯ᄎ၍,္ॖҧཟҀ۳၂קٓຶଽ֥ਟܳ༯๲ಛb(2)৒܎ଽ๲ಛ٤ЎބඣݣਈۚႿఇۺ๲ಛ٤Ўބඣݣਈ,ᄝ๝၂ധ؇,ఇۺ๲ಛӉ௹֤֞৒܎ଽ๲ಛ٤Ўބඣ֥ҧཟҀ۳b(3)іҪ๲ಛ൳ࢆ჏ބᆕؿ֥႕ཙն,๲ಛۄaുэ߄௔ੱ,ָۚҪ๲ಛ٤Ўބඣݣਈэ߄ࢠ໗קb(4)іҪބָҪ๲ಛ٤ЎބඣݣਈۚႿᇏࡗҪb๲ಛ٤Ўބඣ֥ᄎ၍ܿੰ൞:ࢆ჏ൈ,іҪ๲ಛ֥٤Ўބඣཟ༯ᄎ၍,໭჏ൈָҪ٤Ўބඣཟഈᄎ၍b(5)ധҪ๲ಛᇉֹᅔᇗ,Ќඣି৯఼ѩႵཟഈᄎ၍ݖӱ,ᆃؓЌӻඎଡളӉ෮ླ֥ႏအ໾ᇉ૧Ⴟնਈੀാ൅ٳႵၩၬbҕॉ໓ང1`અ೅ႇ.೦ਟ๲ಛ࿐.Кࣘ:॓࿐ԛϱഠ,`,AirandSoilPollution,1988,38:`,1976,`,1970,6:`StevensPA.,,,1988,4:`-tillageagro-ecosystem:,1984,21:991-1012. 286```````````````ֹ``৘``॓``࿐```````````````16जSTUDYONSOILWATERFLOWLAWUNDERSITKASPRUCEFORESTINNORTHWALESLiuJingshuang(ChangchunInstituteofGeography,AcademiaSinica,Changchun130021)ABSTRACTInthispaper,(0-10cm)andatlowersoildepth(35-50cm)areal-wayslargerthanthatatthesoildepth(10-20cm)andatsoildepth(20-35cm).Theflowoftheunsaturatedsoilwaterintheupperlayerofsoil(0-10cm)andatlowersoildepth(35-50cm),,:Sitkaspruceforest;Unsaturatedsoilwater;Hydraulicpotentialgradient(൬۠ರ௹:1995-07-10,ڿ߭ರ௹:1996-05-05)``ഈࢤ288်(3)ህีֹ๭൞ֹ๭აህြ֥ࢲކ,ᇅ๭ؓའടࠣህြ֥ۀ୑aٳোٳࠩ༢๤aٳ౵ჰᄵaٳ౵༢๤֩bਆږֹ๭іૼ۲ሱؓᇭ໙ี֥҂๝৘ࢳ,ّ႘ਔ໑ֹᅴᄶקၬ֥؟ဢ,ྟٳো֥؟ଆൔބٳ౵֥؟༢ਙ֩৘ંྟ໙ี,ଢభѩ໭๤၂ಪ്,္҂ॖି๤၂b(4)໡ݓؓ໑ֹބᅴᄶߎીႵࣉྛщଢ,ૄ۱໑ֹᅴᄶࠇୃฒֹሱಖุߎીႵऎุ଀ӫ,ః໊ᇂaaୃฒԥਈaषؿ০Ⴈሑঃࠣᄝٳ౵aٳোᇏ໊֥ᇂ֩׻ಌكሙಒ֥ඔऌbᆃࡼᆰࢤ႕ཙᇅ๭෮іൕग़ุ֥ሙಒྟބህีֹ๭֥॓࿐ྟb