닌ꆡꆡ뗈:훐맺닺튵짽벶뗄듳맺퇣헳쒣탍럖컶훐맺닺튵짽벶뗄듳맺퇣헳쒣탍럖컶3닌ꆡꆡꆡ췵뗂컄ꆡ쟺ꆡꆡꆡꆡ쓚죝쳡튪:뷰죚캣믺뛔훐맺닺짺뗄돥믷,폫룷뗘쟸ꆢ닺튵쓋훁웳튵놾짭듦퓚뗄뷡릹컊쳢쫇쿠맘뗄,벴퓚캣믺쳵볾쿂,맽쪱뗄퓶뎤랽쪽ꆢ닺튵뷡릹뫍벼쫵톡퓱ퟮ쿈퓢떽돥믷ꆣ틲듋,냚췑캣믺늢쪵쿖뺭볃돖탸퓶뎤뗄맘볼퓚폚훘탂쯜퓬뗘쟸랢햹쒣쪽ꆣ퓚뷰죚캣믺놳뺰쿂틔벰듳맺볙짨쿂,놾컄퇓짬쇋퇣헳쒣탍뗄뷢쫍뫍풤닢랶캧,듓뺭퇩짏쪵횤쇋놾쫀볍틔살훐맺뗘쟸훆퓬튵퓶뎤뫍짺닺싊쳡룟뗄룱뻖뇤뮯,벴뚫놱뫍훐늿뗘쟸뇈퇘몣뗘쟸폐룼뿬뗄좫튪쯘짺닺싊쳡룟쯙뛈뫍릱쿗싊ꆣ춨맽쪵쿖닺튵퓚뚫훐컷늿죽샠뗘쟸뗄훘탂늼뻖,벴퇘몣뗘쟸뗄닺튵짽벶ꆢ틆폫훐컷늿뗘쟸뗄닺튵돐뷓,뿉틔퓚훐컷늿뗘쟸믘맩웤샍뚯솦럡뢻뇈뷏폅쫆뗄춬쪱,놣돖샍뚯쏜벯탍닺튵퓚훐맺뗄퇓탸ꆣ맘볼듊:퇣헳쒣탍ꆡ닺튵뷡릹짽벶ꆡ좫튪쯘짺닺싊튻ꆢ틽ꆡ퇔퓚뷢쫍뷰죚캣믺틔벰평듋듸살뗄뺭볃훜웚죧뫎닺짺쪱,듳뛠쫽퇐뺿뚼쫇퓚뷰죚쳥쾵뫍탅폃훆뛈쓚톰헒풭틲ꆣ뛸쟒,볈좻캣믺춨뎣쫇듓쒳튻룶쳘뚨맺볒뾪쪼놬랢,볌뛸춨맽뷰죚솴쳵믲헟닺튵솴쳵늨벰떽웤쯻맺볒쓋훁좫쟲뺭볃,틲듋뛔폚뻸듳뛠쫽맺볒살쮵,뚼뿉틔탻돆캣믺쫇살ퟔ췢늿뗄돥믷ꆣ떫쫇,컞싛쫇듓뺭볃쪷뮹쫇듓놾듎캣믺뗄쿖쪵살뾴,캣믺쯹쪩볓뗄펰쿬,퓚늻춬뗄맺볒ꆢ뗘쟸ꆢ닺튵ꆢ웳튵췹췹뚼늻뺡쿠춬ꆣ쯹틔,컒쏇펦룃쮵,벴뇣캣믺쫇살ퟔ췢늿뗄돥믷,떫쫜캣믺돥믷뗄듳킡ퟜ쫇폫튻룶맺볒ꆢ뗘쟸뗄뺭볃퓶뎤랽쪽ꆢ폫쳘뚨닺튵쯹뒦뗄뗘캻,틔벰폫웳튵톡퓱뗄벼쫵뷡릹뫍뺭펪랽쪽폐맘ꆣ뻍헢튻뗣살쮵,컒쏇탨튪쳸돶믵뇒뫍탅폃뷡릹뗄뿲볜,듓쪵쳥뺭볃뫍닺튵뷡릹랽쏦뾼달퓚캣믺훐쟳랢햹믺폶뗄샭싛,뛸태뇋쳘쫇짙쫽늻듓뷰죚뷇뛈뷢쫍캣믺뗄뺭볃톧볒횮튻(태뇋쳘,1990,뗚256튳힢1)ꆣ훐맺늢쎻폐랢짺뷰죚캣믺,뛸쫇쏦뛔쫀뷧탔뷰죚캣믺쪱퓢쫜뗄돶뿚돥믷,틔벰ퟔ짭쯹쿔쪾돶뗄뷡릹컊쳢ꆢ뺭볃쿂뮬뫍뻍튵돥믷ꆣ좫쟲뷰죚캣믺뛔훐맺쪵쳥뺭볃펰쿬틲뗘쟸ꆢ닺튵뫍웳튵뛸늻춬뗄맛달,폫태뇋쳘뗄에뛏쫇쿠컇뫏뗄(닌ꆡ,2009)ꆣ태뇋쳘죏캪,뺭볃랢햹늢늻쫇튻룶욽뮬뗄맽돌,뛸쫇튻룶쳸풾쪽ꆢ냩쯦짏짽폫쿂붵뗄맽돌ꆣ튲뻍쫇쮵,뺭볃훜웚쫇쓚짺폚뺭볃랢햹훐뗄ꆣ퓚태뇋쳘뾴살,뺭볃랢햹쫇평웳튵뒴퓬탂쿻럑욷ꆢ탂짺닺랽램믲퓋쫤랽램ꆢ탂쫐뎡,틔벰탂닺튵ퟩ횯뗄탎쪽뗈튻쾵쇐뒴탂믮뚯쯹췆뚯뗄(태뇋쳘,2007,뗚146튳)ꆣ떫쫇헢퇹뗄뒴탂,늢늻쫇내헕뗈뻠샫뗄쪱볤볤룴랢짺뗄,뛸쫇돉좺돉엺뗘럤펵뛸훁ꆣ춨맽뒴탂쫗쿈탎돉튻엺폫샏웳튵늢볝웫쟽뗄탂웳튵,뫳헟뷸뛸틔뺺헹뗄랽쪽쫔춼쿻쏰샏웳튵,늢퓬돉훮뛠랢햹쳵볾뗄룄뇤,탨튪쳘쫢뗄늢쟒뎣뎣뇭쿖캪뺭볃훜웚뗄쫊펦맽돌,듓뛸릹돉쇋쯹캽뗄ꆰ뒴퓬탔믙쏰ꆱꆣ퓚ퟮ퓧뒴탂뗄웳튵믱뗃돉릦뗄틽떼쿂,풽살풽뛠뗄탂웳튵웰뛸쒣럂,냑헻룶뺭볃췆죫랱죙웚ꆣ평폚뫳웰뗄뒴탂웳튵풽살풽늻뻟놸뒴탂뗄쳵볾,틔벰샏웳튵틔쫘뻉뗄랽쪽쯹뷸탐뗄뺺헹,ퟮ훕떼훂뺭볃캣믺뫍쯦뫳뗄쿴쳵(태뇋쳘,1990,뗚6헂)ꆣ3ꆡ닌ꆡꆢ췵뗂컄ꆢ쟺ꆡ,훐맺짧믡뿆톧풺죋뿚폫샍뚯뺭볃퇐뺿쯹,폊헾뇠싫:100732,뗧ퟓ탅쿤:caifang@,quyue-ff@ꆣ4
2009쓪뗚9웚폫듋춬쪱,퓚랢짺뺭볃캣믺뗄쟩뿶쿂,퓢폶뻍튵돥믷뗄듳킡,틔벰뺭볃뾪쪼뢴쯕쪱뻍튵쓜럱쿠펦뢴쯕,튲폫튻룶맺볒믲뗘쟸뗄퓶뎤랽쪽ꆢ뺭볃뷡릹틔벰펦뛔캣믺뗄뺭볃쫖뛎쿠맘ꆣ퓚캣믺뫳뗄믖뢴뫍퓶뎤맽돌훐,죧맻펦뛔캣믺뗄닟싔늻떱,뫜죝틗돶쿖ꆰ컞뻍튵뢴쯕ꆱ쿖쿳ꆣꋙ헫뛔쏀맺ퟔ1990ꆪ1991쓪횮뫳,퓚뺭볃쮥췋횮뫳뗄뢴쯕맽돌훐,랴뢴돶쿖ꆰ컞뻍튵뺭볃뢴쯕ꆱ,웹뷱뺭볃톧볒뗄뷢쫍듳뚼폫뺭볃쮥췋쪱웚웳튵뫍닺튵ퟶ돶뗄뗷헻폐맘ꆣ평폚퓚쮥췋쪱웚,웳튵캪쇋퓚쫐뎡짏햾힡뷅룺,뇘탫ퟶ돶얬솦틔쳡룟뺺헹솦,춬쪱,닺튵뷡릹뗷헻튲뇈췹뎣룼볓뻧쇒ꆣ뗚튻,캪쇋붵뗍짺닺돉놾,웳튵췹췹춨맽쪹폃믺웷죋뗈ퟔ뚯뮯ힰ놸,쪹뗃샍뚯짺닺싊쳡룟맽뿬,벴짺닺춬퇹닺돶뛔펦뗄릤죋죋쫽복짙,퓬돉뛔샍뚯솦뗄탨쟳듳럹뛈쿂붵;뗚뛾,캪쇋놣돖믹폚뇈뷏폅쫆뗄맺볊뺺헹솦,쿠뛔샍뚯쏜벯탍뗄웳튵볓뿬쿲몣췢틆,튻랽쏦,닺튵뷡릹룼볓놾쏜벯뮯,복짙쇋뛔샍뚯솦뗄탨쟳;쇭튻랽쏦,닺튵뷡릹뗄뇤뮯룄뇤쇋샍뚯솦쫐뎡뛔벼쓜뗄튪쟳,샍뚯헟뻝듋뷸탐뗷헻뗄쪱볤퓶볓,듓뛸떼훂죋솦놾뗄릩룸폫탨쟳늻욥엤뗄뷡릹탔쪧튵ꆣ평폚훐맺뺭볃폫좫쟲뺭볃룟뛈맘솪,튻킩떼훂ꆰ컞뻍튵뢴쯕ꆱ뗄틲쯘,틑뺭잱님퓚뺭볃뢴쯕뗄뷸돌횮훐ꆣ퓚랢짺뷰죚캣믺횮잰뗄죴룉쓪훐,훐맺췢쿲탍훆퓬튵틑뺭퓢폶떽샍뚯솦뛌좱뫍릤뿬쯙짏짽뗄쟩뿶(Cai,2008),뛸훐맺쪵쳥뺭볃퓚헢듎캣믺훐퓢쫜돥믷ퟮ캪퇏훘뗄,튲잡잡쫇퇘몣뗘쟸짺닺샍뚯쏜벯닺욷뗄췢쿲탍웳튵ꆣ틲듋,죧맻듓뇭쏦쿖쿳에뛏뗄뮰,훐맺샍뚯쏜벯탍닺튵뫜뿉쓜믡내헕볲떥뮯뗄(simplified)퇣헳쒣탍뗄풤웚,틆떽쿔쪾탔샍뚯솦돉놾룼볓뇣틋뗄퇇훞쇚맺ꆣ떫쫇,죧맻컒쏇듓튻룶뢴퓓뗄퇣헳샭싛,벴듓룃샭싛랶쪽쯹냼몬뗄좫쏦쓚죝돶랢,춬쪱뷡뫏태뇋쳘뒴퓬탔믙쏰샭싛,펦폃떽훐맺뺭볃뗄쟸폲랢햹쳘헷럖컶훐,뻍뿉틔뗃돶샍뚯쏜벯탍닺튵뇈뷏폅쫆쓜릻뗃떽놣돖뗄뷡싛ꆣ퇣헳샭싛뺭샺맽늻춬뗄탎돉뫍췪짆뷗뛎,훷튪평폚돠쯉(Akamatsu,1962)ꆢ듳살(Okita,1985)ꆢVernon(1966)뫍킡떺(Kojima,2000)뗈죋뗄릱쿗,틑뺭탎돉튻룶뇈뷏췪헻뗄맘폚닺튵쟸폲틆뗄샭싛뷢쫍ꆣꋚ헢룶쒣탍웰돵폃살쏨쫶죕놾ퟷ캪튻룶뫳웰뺭볃,죧뫎뷨훺뚯첬뇈뷏폅쫆뇤뮯췪돉튻룶ꆰ뷸뿚ꆪ뷸뿚쳦듺ꆪ돶뿚ꆱ뗄췪헻룏뎬맽돌,틔뫳퓲놻맣랺폃살뷢쫍뫍샭뷢뚫퇇뺭볃뗄랢햹쒣쪽,벴틔죕놾캪쇬춷퇣,내헕뇈뷏폅쫆뗄뚯첬뇤뮯,샍뚯쏜벯탍닺튵틀듎틆떽퇇훞쯄킡쇺ꆢ뚫쏋맺볒틔벰쯦뫳뗄훐맺퇘몣쪡럝ꆣ좻뛸,퓚룃랶쪽뗄삩햹냦놾훐,쫗쿈,헢룶쒣탍볌탸놣듦쇋쯦ퟅ늻춬맺볒뫍뗘쟸횮볤뇈뷏폅쫆뗄쿠뛔뇤뮯,닺튵퓚맺볒뫍뗘쟸횮볤틆뗄놾틢;웤듎,퇣헳쪽뗄닺튵틆쫇폫닺욷짺쏼훜웚쿠맘뗄쳘헷뻶뚨뗄(Vernon,1966),듓뛸틾몬ퟅ폫뇈뷏폅쫆뚯첬뇤뮯뗄쿠맘탔;뗚죽,뷢쫍랶캧놻삩듳떽뛔췢횱뷓춶쒣쪽,벴룃춶믮뚯튲ퟱ톭쿠춬뗄싟벭퓚맺볒횮볤뷸탐(Kojima,2000);ퟮ뫳,맺볒믲뗘쟸횮볤퓚랢햹뷗뛎ꆢ풴?뢳틔벰샺쪷틅닺뗈랽쏦뗄뻞듳닮틬,놻죏캪쫇뻟폐량퇣쪽뗄쿠뮥볌웰맘쾵뗄맘볼(Okita,1985,p121)ꆣ량퇣쪽뗄닺튵틆횱뷓닺짺폚뇈뷏폅쫆뗄뚯첬뇤뮯,벴쯦ퟅ튻룶맺볒죋뻹쫕죫쮮욽뗄쳡룟,풴?뢳뷡릹랢짺뇤뮯,듓뛸퓚닺튵뷡릹짏탎돉쿠펦뗄훘탂엤훃,샽죧듓틔샍뚯쏜벯탍닺튵캪훷쿲놾뫍벼쫵쏜벯탍캪훷ꆣ떫쫇,뇈뷏폅쫆뇤뮯슷뺶듓뛸퇣헳쒣쪽뗄쿔쿖,퓚듳맺뺭볃폫킡맺뺭볃횮볤믡닺짺늻춬뗄쳘헷ꆣ듓뺭볃톧틢틥짏뾴,킡맺뺭볃뗄쳘뗣퓚폚웤풴?뢳뷡릹듓뛸닺튵뷡릹뗄춬훊탔,튻떩뇈뷏폅쫆랢짺뇤뮯,뺭볃헻쳥벴뷸죫탂뗄랢햹뷗뛎ꆣ뛸듳맺뺭볃뗄쳘헷쫇뗘쟸횮볤뗄틬훊탔,퓚튻킩뗘쟸뷸죫떽탂뗄랢햹뷗뛎쟩뿶쿂,쇭췢튻킩뗘쟸뿉쓜죔좻뒦퓚풭살뗄랢햹뷗뛎ꆣ틲듋,킡맺퇣헳쒣쪽췹췹쫇횸뛀솢뺭볃쳥횮볤뗄닺튵틆뫍돐뷓,뛸듳맺퇣헳쒣쪽퓲뇭쿖캪튻룶뛀솢뺭볃쳥쓚늿뗘쟸횮볤뗄닺튵틆뫍돐뷓ꆣꋙ틔뺭볃쮥췋뷡쫸쪱뗄뻍튵ퟜ솿캪믹ힼ,횱떽뻍튵ퟜ솿뎬맽쓇쪱뗄쮮욽뷘횹,헢룶쪱뛎뻍쫇쯹캽ꆰ컞뻍튵뺭볃뢴쯕ꆱ웚ꆣꋚ맘폚퇣헳쒣쪽샭싛뗄살쇺좥싶틔벰럖컶퓋폃뗄볲튪샺쪷,쟫닎볻Kojima(2000)뗄쿪쾸ퟛ쫶ꆣ5
닌ꆡꆡ뗈:훐맺닺튵짽벶뗄듳맺퇣헳쒣탍럖컶퓚뷰죚캣믺뗄쟩뿶쿂,헢훖닺튵뷡릹뗄쟸폲뇤뮯,뮹펦룃폫뺭볃훜웚맦싉뗄샭뷢쿠뷡뫏ꆣ내헕태뇋쳘뗄럖컶,뺭볃훜웚퓚쒳훖돌뛈짏뻍쫇튻룶뒴퓬탔믙쏰맽돌뗄뇭쿖,퓚헢룶맽돌훐,춨맽짺닺튪쯘뗄훘탂ퟩ뫏,탂뗄뺭볃퓶뎤랽쪽쳦듺맽쪱뺭볃퓶뎤랽쪽,탂벼쫵쳦듺뻉뗄벼쫵,탂뗄닺튵뷡릹탎돉,짺닺싊쳡룟퓚퓶뎤훐릱쿗쏷쿔ꆣ뿉볻,닺튵뷡릹뇤뮯쫇뺭볃캣믺뗄늻뿉뇜쏢뗄뢱닺욷,뛸닺튵뗄쟸폲틆뗄볓뿬퓲퓐폽퓚냚췑캣믺뗄돶슷횮훐ꆣ본폚훐맺맽좥뺭볃퓶뎤뗄쟸폲쳘헷,컒쏇뿉틔풤웚훐컷늿뗘쟸믲헟맣틥뗘쮵쓇킩틔췹늻ퟷ캪뺭볃퓶뎤훷튪틽쟦뗄뗘쟸,뿉쓜믱뗃탂뗄랢햹믺폶,틔룼뿬뗄짺닺싊쳡룟쯙뛈뫍뺭볃퓶뎤쯙뛈,쪵쿖뛔뚫늿뗘쟸뗄룏뎬뫍샍뚯쏜벯탍닺튵뗄퇓탸ꆣ놾컄뗄틔쿂늿럖붫내헕헢퇹뗄뷡릹뷸탐낲업,벴뗚뛾뷚쏨쫶뫍룅삨훐맺닺튵뷡릹퇝뇤뗄쟸폲쳘헷;뗚죽뷚춨맽럖뗘쟸훆퓬튵좫튪쯘짺닺싊릱쿗싊뗄볆쯣,뷒쪾탂탋뗘쟸ퟷ캪뷱뫳훐맺뺭볃퓶뎤틽쟦뗄뿉탐탔;뗚쯄뷚럖뗘쟸볆쯣훆퓬튵뗄헦쪵샍뚯솦돉놾,첽쳖훐컷늿뗘쟸뷓탸샍뚯쏜벯탍닺튵뗄믺믡;뗚컥뷚뷸탐ퟜ뷡,춬쪱믘펦튻킩맘폚훐맺뺭볃퓶뎤잱솦뫍맺볊뺺헹솦랽쏦뗄틉컊,룅삨놾컄뷡싛뗄헾닟몬틥ꆣ뛾ꆢ훐맺닺튵뷡릹퇝뇤뗄쟸폲쳘헷퓚훐맺놣돖뎤듯30쓪뗄룟쯙뺭볃퓶뎤훐,뻟폐춻돶뗄뗘쟸랢햹쳘뗣ꆣ퓚뫜뎤쪱볤샯,룟쯙퓶뎤퓚쿠떱듳뗄돌뛈짏쫇퇘몣뗘쟸췆뚯뗄ꆣ퓚샍뚯솦럡뢻듓뛸뻟폐쿔훸뗄샍뚯쏜벯탍닺튵뇈뷏폅쫆뗄쳵볾쿂,뚫늿퇘몣뗘쟸샻폃놾뗘랢햹췢쿲탍뺭볃뗄뇣샻,틔벰훐컷늿뗘쟸잨틆샍뚯솦,퓚맺볊쫐뎡짏좡뗃쇋뺺헹폅쫆ꆣ폫듋춬쪱,돽쇋퇘몣뗘쟸헻쳥랢햹놣돖룟쯙횮췢,훐컷늿뗘쟸튲훰붥볓뿬쇋룏뎬뗄쯙뛈,듓뛸탎돉헻쳥훐맺뺭볃틔GDP퓶뎤싊캪훷튪뇭쿖뗄솼뫃벨킧ꆣ쇭튻랽쏦,훐맺뺭볃튲듦퓚ퟅ퇏훘뗄뷡릹컊쳢,폐킩폫쳘뚨뗄랢햹뷗뛎쿠맘,폐킩퓲쫇쳥훆틲쯘쯹퓬돉뗄ꆣ쫗쿈,평폚훐맺뎤웚뻟폐샍뚯솦컞쿞릩룸뗄뛾풪뺭볃쳘헷,돤ퟣ뗄샍뚯솦만좻캪룟쯙뺭볃퓶뎤릱쿗쇋죋뿚뫬샻,쎻폐돶쿖놾놨돪뗝복쿖쿳,듓뛸듲웆쇋ꆰ퇯-뿋슳룱싼ퟧ훤ꆱꋙꆣ떫쫇튲탎돉늢캬쾵쇋떥뒿틀뾿놾뫍샍뚯춶죫췆뚯탍뗄뺭볃퓶뎤랽쪽,퓚헢훖퓶뎤랽쪽쿂,벼쫵뷸늽ꆢ닺튵뷡릹짽벶뫍짺닺싊쳡룟뛔뺭볃퓶뎤뗄릱쿗쿠뛔킡(Cai,2008)ꆣ헢퓚뺭볃퓶뎤뗄탨쟳삭뚯틲쯘짏뗄뇭쿖,퓲쫇맽럖틀삵돶뿚탨쟳뫍춶탨쟳,뻓쏱쿻럑탨쟳뛔퓶뎤뗄삭뚯킧맻쿠뛔캢죵;퓚맺쏱뺭볃럖엤룱뻖짏뗄뇭쿖,퓲쫇헾뢮뫍웳튵쯹뗃맽룟,뻓쏱럖엤럝뛮욫킡ꆣ웤듎,훐맺퓚룄룯웚볤뺭볃랢햹쯹뻟폐뗄쟸폲닮틬탔,퓬돉쇋튻훖슷뺶틀삵뫳맻ꆣ춨맽쪵쪩퇘몣싊쿈랢햹뗄뗘쟸랢햹햽싔,탎돉볈폐뗄쟸폲랢햹룱뻖,퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏쯵킡짵훁얤쟺쇋닺튵뷡릹뗷헻뗄뿕볤,늢쟒쪹뗘쟸닺튵뷡릹뗄톡퓱뫍탎돉,늢늻폫뇈뷏폅쫆쿠튻훂ꆣ쳘뇰쫇,훐퇫뫍뗘랽헾뢮뛔쟸폲뺭볃랢햹뗄뷩죫돌뛈맽짮,늻뷶죋캪톹뗍췁뗘뗈풴볛룱,탛탄늪늪뗘맦뮮뗘쟸닺튵뷡릹,뎣뎣뮹쿱웳튵볒튻퇹횱뷓닎폫첸쿮쒿뫍틽춶뗈믮뚯ꆣ평폚헾뢮폫뗘쟸뺭볃믮뚯맘쾵맽폚쏜쟐,뛸쟒퓚닆헾짏뛔쒳킩돉맦쒣뗄닺튵뫍듳탍웳튵닺짺틀삵탔,틔훂헾닟놻닺튵뫍웳튵뗄볈뗃샻틦쯹럽믱,튻쾵쇐늹쳹ꆢ폅믝ꆢ슢뛏뗘캻쓋훁웤쯻놣뮤뫍훆뛈ퟢ뷰풴풴늻뛏뗘쇷쿲닺튵뫍웳튵,짵훁얤쟺뗄짺닺튪쯘볛룱동동늻쓜뗃떽뷃헽,웳튵컞램헽좷뗘에뛏짺닺튪쯘쿠뛔쾡좱탔뗄뇤뮯,틔훂웚췻뗄뒴탂믮뚯캪톰ퟢ쯹듺쳦,닺튵짽벶놻퇓동,맽쪱뗄뺭볃퓶뎤랽쪽믽훘쓑략ꆣ내헕태뇋쳘뗄샭싛싟벭,뺭볃퓶뎤랽쪽뇤펦룃쫇튻룶뒴퓬탔믙쏰뗄맽돌(태뇋쳘,1990,뗚6헂)ꆣ좻뛸,평폚잰쫶풭틲,훐맺뺭볃퓶뎤랽쪽뗄뇤,좱랦ퟣ릻뗄뚯솦훷뚯뗘뷸탐뒴퓬탔믙쏰,믲헟쮵쎻폐쓜솦돐쫜헢훖ꆰ믙쏰ꆱ,쪹뗃헢훖뇤동동늻쓜훷뚯뷸탐ꆣ듋췢,평폚훐맺뗘폲뗄맣삫탔,ꋙ퇯(Young,1992)뫍뿋슳룱싼(Krugman,1994)퓸뺭뛔뚫퇇뺭볃쪵쿖뗄룟쯙뺭볃퓶뎤뗄뿉돖탸탔뇭쪾뮳틉,틲캪쯻쏇힢틢떽헢킩뺭볃퓚떱쪱맽럖틀삵놾뫍샍뚯춶죫,뛸좫튪쯘짺닺싊뗄릱쿗캢뫵웤캢ꆣ6
2009쓪뗚9웚뒦폚늻춬랢햹뷗뛎짏뗄뗘쟸뻟폐쪮럖늻춬뗄풴?뢳쳘헷,쳘뇰쫇평폚닆헾럖좨뫍럖쿭훆뛈룄룯탎돉뗄뗘쟸볤뺺헹탔랢햹쳘뗣(Jinetal.,2005),쿲룼뻟폐뿉돖탸뗄뺭볃퓶뎤랽쪽뗄뇤ꆪꆪꆪ틔닺튵뷡릹뗄뗷헻듓뛸벼쫵릹돉뗄쳡룟캪뻟쳥뇭쿖탎쪽ꆪꆪꆪ횻쓜춨맽쇭튻킩뗘쟸뗄뿧풽쪽랢햹뷸탐ꆣ튲뻍쫇쮵,뫳웰뗘쟸틔췜쳸쪽뗄랢햹,횱뷓뷸죫룼룟튻벶뗄닺튵뷡릹,틔쳦듺퓧웚랢햹뗘쟸퓚닺튵엊짽짏뗄볨쓑냏짦ꆣ헢퇹뗄닺튵뷡릹짽벶,평폚냩쯦ퟅ벼쫵뒴탂훐뗄뎱펿쿖쿳(쇖틣럲,2007),죝틗캥놳믲뎬잰폚뇈뷏폅쫆뗄뚯첬뇤뮯ꆣ컒쏇틔춼1살쮵쏷헢룶쳘쫢뗄닺튵짽벶랽쪽ꆣ듓잰쫶뺭볃퓶뎤랽쪽뇤뗄뷇뛈,룼뻟쳥뗘쮵,듓닺튵뷡릹짽벶뗄뷇뛈,뿉틔뾴떽훐맺훆퓬튵닺튵짽벶뗄쪱볤탔뷗뛎,럖뇰뇭쿖캪쿠볌탎돉뗄죽룶훆퓬튵랢햹쟸폲ꆣꋙ훩붭죽뷇훞뗘쟸틔살쇏볓릤뗄볲떥샍뚯쏜벯탍닺튵웰늽,룃뗘쟸풴?뢳뷡릹랢짺뇤뮯뫳좴짽벶뮺싽,틔훂룼룟벶뗄닺튵뷡릹횱뷓탎돉폚뫳웰뗄뎤붭죽뷇훞뗘쟸,뫳헟튻웰늽뻍틔탅쾢벼쫵뗈룟뿆벼닺튵믲쫬솷샍뚯쏜벯탍닺튵캪훷ꆣ뛸퓚헢룶쟸폲죔퓚랢햹뗄춬쪱,뗚죽싖벴틔ힰ놸튵캪훷뗄놾쏜벯돌뛈룼룟뗄닺튵뷡릹튲웰폚뗚죽샠뗘쟸,샽죧틔뚫놱뗈샏릤튵믹뗘캪듺뇭뗄뗘쟸ꆣ헢퇹뗄쟸폲뺭볃퓶뎤뫍닺튵뷡릹뇤뮯쳘헷,만좻쫇튻킩쳥훆틲쯘쳘뇰쫇헾뢮늻잡떱룉풤뗘랽뺭볃퓶뎤뗄뷡맻,떫쫇튲쮵쏷,췜쳸쪽쟸폲퓶뎤놾짭랴펳쇋튻룶뇤훖뗄닺튵짽벶뫍퓶뎤랽쪽뇤ꆣ쮵쯼쫇튻훖닺튵짽벶뫍퓶뎤랽쪽뇤,쫇틲캪헢훖쟸폲뿧풽쪽랢햹,뗄좷냩쯦ퟅ벼쫵뷸늽뫍짺닺싊뗄쳡룟;쮵쯼쫇튻훖뇤훖,쫇틲캪헢훖뇤쯤좻퓚쒳훖돌뛈짏폫뇈뷏폅쫆뚯첬뇤뮯쿠맘,좴늢늻뇘좻ힼ좷뗘랴펳쟸폲뗄풴?뢳뷡릹쳘헷ꆣ뮻뻤뮰쮵,평폚샍뚯솦듳맦쒣듓훐컷늿쿲퇘몣뗘쟸쇷뚯,틔벰닺튵뷡릹짽벶훐랢짺뗄뎱펿쿖춼1ꆡ뿧풽쪽뗄뗘쟸퓶뎤쒣쪽ꆡ쿳,떼훂헢샯쯹맛달떽뗄닺튵뷡릹뿧풽쪽짽벶쳘뗣뫍룱뻖쪮럖뗘웋쮷쏔샫,쿔쪾탔뇈뷏폅쫆쯆뫵폫풴?뢳뷡릹퓚튻뚨돌뛈짏췑샫ꆣ죽ꆢ럖쟸폲좫튪쯘짺닺싊:뺭퇩볬퇩좫튪쯘짺닺싊(TotalFactorsProductivity믲TFP)냼몬쇋엤훃킧싊뫍벼쫵킧싊뗈훘튪쓚죝(LauandYotopoulos,1971;Barro,1999),틲뛸쯼뎣뎣놻폃ퟷ맛달튻룶맺볒(뗘쟸믲닺튵)퓶뎤벨킧뗄훘튪횸뇪ꆣ룹뻝샭싛풤웚,퓚훐맺뺭볃퓶뎤맽돌훐,뗘쟸횮볤쿠뮥뺺헹쯹탎돉뗄뺭볃ힷ룏,쪹뗃뺭볃쿠뛔실뫳뗄뗘쟸춨맽벼쫵틆ꆢ삩즢뗈믱뗃뗄뒴탂뚯솦,쪵쿖룼뿬뗄벼쫵뷸늽쯙뛈ꆣ쿠랴,뺭볃쇬쿈뗘쟸평폚맽좥춶탎돉뗄닺튵뷡릹,틲뗷헻돉놾컊쳢풼쫸믲쫜뒴퓬탔믙쏰뗄듲믷,폐뿉쓜놻퓝쪱탔믲폀뻃탔뗘놻쯸뚨퓚쒳룶벼쫵쮮욽짏,뗘쟸뺺헹뗄뷡맻떼훂쇋뗘쟸횮볤퓶뎤쯙뛈닮틬뫍늻춬뗄좫튪쯘짺닺싊뗄릱쿗싊ꆣ내헕쯷싥퓶뎤럖뷢랽램(Solow,1957),퓶뎤살풴뿉럖뷢캪튪쯘?뢳믽샛퓶뎤뫍좫튪쯘짺닺싊ꋙ컒쏇헢샯냑닺튵뷡릹짽벶뾴ퟷ쫇뺭볃퓶뎤랽쪽뇤뗄뻟쳥뇭쿖,떫쫇,늢늻틢캶ퟅ쿖쪵훐뗄뷡릹짽벶튻뚨쫇럻뫏퓶뎤랽쪽뇤뗄쟷쫆탔믲맦싉탔튪쟳뗄ꆣ7
닌ꆡꆡ뗈:훐맺닺튵짽벶뗄듳맺퇣헳쒣탍럖컶퓶뎤ꆣ놾뫍샍뚯쫇뺭볃믮뚯훐솽룶훘튪뗄짺닺튪쯘,튪쯘?뢳뗄믽샛놾짭릹돉쇋뺭볃퓶뎤뗄튻룶ퟩ돉늿럖ꆣ좻뛸,퓚뇟볊놨돪뗝복맦싉ퟷ폃쿂,튪쯘믽샛늢늻쫇췆뚯쿖듺뺭볃퓶뎤뗄훷떼탔틲쯘ꆣ퓚쯷싥퓶뎤랽돌훐,뿛돽놾뫍샍뚯뗈짺닺튪쯘릱쿗횮뫳,폐튻룶닐폠늿럖,헢룶늿럖춨뎣놻돆ퟷ캪쯷싥닐폠,튲뻍쫇좫튪쯘짺닺싊늿럖,쯼놻죏캪쫇췆뚯뎤웚퓶뎤뗄ퟮ훘튪틲쯘ꆣ죧맻냑뺭볃믮뚯뾴ퟷ뷨훺튪쯘춶죫탎돉닺돶뗄튻룶짺닺맽돌,쓇쎴,컒쏇뿉틔샻폃짺닺몯쫽살쏨쫶튪쯘춶죫뫍닺돶횮볤뗄맘쾵,벴Y=F(A,K,L,I),웤훐Y듺뇭닺돶,A듺뇭벼쫵쮮욽,K듺뇭놾듦솿,L듺뇭샍뚯춶죫,I듺뇭훐볤춶죫ꆣ평폚훐볤춶죫쫇릤튵짺닺훐늻뿉좱짙뗄늿럖,췹췹튲쳥쿖쇋놾욷뢽ퟅ뗄벼쫵뷸늽쓚죝,틲뛸,튲뿉틔뾴돉쫇짺닺튪쯘뗄튻룶ퟩ돉늿럖ꆣ룹뻝좫튪쯘짺닺싊샭싛,닺돶퓶뎤싊뿉틔럖뷢캪놾ꆢ샍뚯벰훐볤춶죫뗄튪쯘믽샛뇤뮯뫍벼쫵뷸늽솽룶늿럖ꆣ닉폃뿂늼ꆪ뗀룱삭쮹(CD)짺닺몯쫽탎쪽,퓲닺돶퓶뎤뗄풴좪평틔쿂죽룶늿럖릹돉:gY=g+ꛁ3gK+ꛂ3gL+ꛃ3gIꆡꆡ웤훐,gY캪닺돶퓶뎤싊,gK,gL,gI럖뇰캪놾ꆢ샍뚯솦뫍훐볤춶죫뗄퓶뎤싊,g캪벼쫵뷸늽듸살뗄닺돶퓶뎤싊,ꛁ,ꛂ,ꛋ럖뇰캪놾ꆢ샍뚯뫍훐볤춶죫뗄닺돶떯탔ꆣ퓚쾣뿋쮹훐탔벼쫵뷸늽뗄쳵볾쿂,g뻍쫇좫튪쯘짺닺싊ꆣ헢퇹,좫튪쯘짺닺싊뗄볆쯣릫쪽죧쿂:g=gY-ꛁ3gK-ꛂ3gL-ꛃ3gIꆡꆡ놾컄닉폃2000ꆪ2007쓪훐맺훆퓬튵좫늿맺폐웳튵뫍좫늿맦쒣틔짏럇맺폐웳튵쫽뻝,볆쯣늢뇈뷏룷쟸폲뗄좫튪쯘짺닺싊ꆣ룃쫽뻝뢲룇쇋31룶쪡ꆢퟔ훎쟸ꆢ횱쾽쫐뗄릤튵웳튵쫽뻝ꆣ2000쓪뫍2001쓪풼폐15췲볒웳튵ꆢ2002쓪16췲볒ꆢ2003쓪18췲볒ꆢ2004쓪뫍2005쓪폐25췲볒ꆢ2006쓪뷓뷼28췲ꆢ2007쓪뎬맽31췲볒ꆣ캪쇋뾼달뗘쟸볤뗄좫튪쯘짺닺싊뇤뮯,놾컄냑훐맺31룶쪡(쫐ꆢퟔ훎쟸)뮮럖캪쇹룶쟸폲,벴뮪쓏퇘몣뗘쟸(냼삨맣뚫ꆢ뢣붨ꆢ몣쓏),뮪뚫퇘몣뗘쟸(냼삨짏몣ꆢ붭쯕ꆢ헣붭),뮪놱퇘몣뗘쟸(냼삨놱뺩ꆢ쳬뷲ꆢ뫓놱ꆢ즽뚫),뚫놱뗘쟸(냼삨쇉쓾ꆢ벪쇖ꆢ뫚쇺붭),훐늿뗘쟸(냼삨즽컷ꆢ낲믕ꆢ붭컷ꆢ뫓쓏ꆢ뫾놱ꆢ뫾쓏),컷늿뗘쟸(냼삨쓚쏉맅ꆢ맣컷ꆢ훘쟬ꆢ쯄뒨ꆢ맳훝ꆢ퓆쓏ꆢ컷님ꆢ짂컷ꆢ룊쯠ꆢ쟠몣ꆢ쓾쿄ꆢ탂붮)ꆣ놾컄춨맽맀볆웳튵뗄짺닺몯쫽뗃떽놾ꆢ샍뚯뫍훐볤춶죫뗄떯탔쾵쫽,좻뫳훰쓪볆쯣TFP뗄퓶뎤싊뫍릱쿗싊ꆣ퓚맀볆짺닺몯쫽쪱,놾컄톡퓱릤튵ퟜ닺횵ퟷ캪닺돶뇤솿,만뚨닺뺻횵ퟷ캪놾뇤솿,뻍튵죋쫽듺뇭샍뚯뇤솿,춶죫뗄훐볤닺욷ퟷ캪훐볤춶죫뇤솿ꆣ웤훐릤튵ퟜ닺횵폃닺돶볛룱횸쫽뷸탐욽복뗃떽늻뇤볛뗄릤튵ퟜ닺횵쫽뻝,폃폚쓪럝볤뇈뷏ꆣ만뚨닺뺻횵뗈폚만뚨닺풭횵복좥헛뻉퓙볓짏떱쓪탂퓶뗄만뚨닺쫽솿ꆣ놾컄틔2000쓪쒩뗄만뚨닺뺻횵캪웰뗣,뛔쎿쓪탂퓶만뚨닺뺻횵폃떱쓪뗄만뚨닺컯볛횸쫽욽복,좻뫳볆쯣뗃떽떱쓪뗄놾듦솿ꆣ뻍튵죋쫽캪웳튵뗄쓪쒩횰릤뻍튵쫽솿ꆣ훐볤춶죫퓲폃풭닄쇏볛룱횸쫽뷸탐욽복ꆣ놾컄닉폃뗄닺튵뛔놾뫍샍뚯뗄뛔쫽믘맩랽돌죧쿂:lnYji=aj+ꛁjlnKji+ꛂjlnLji+ꛃjlnIji+ꛌtDt+ꛌnNn+ꛌmMm+ejꆡꆡ웤훐,j=1,2,ꆭ,6,듺뇭쇹샠뗘쟸,i듺뇭룷샠뗘쟸훐떥룶웳튵,D,N,M럖뇰듺뇭쓪럝탩쓢뇤솿ꆢ쪡럝탩쓢뇤솿뫍탐튵탩쓢뇤솿,ꛌ캪탩쓢뇤솿쾵쫽,t,n,m럖뇰듺뇭쓪럝ꆢ쪡럝뫍탐튵뗄쫽솿,e캪죅뚯쿮,aj,ꛁj,ꛂj,ꛃj,ꛌt,ꛌn,ꛌm캪탨튪맀볆뗄닎쫽ꆣ샻폃릤튵웳튵쫽뻝,놾컄럖뗘쟸뛔짏쫶랽돌뷸탐믘맩,믘맩뷡맻볻뇭1ꆣ짏쫶믘맩뷡맻뇭쏷,놾뫍샍뚯뇤솿뗄춳볆횵뚼듯떽쇋1%뗄쿔훸쮮욽,뛸쟒믘맩쾵쫽뗄랽쿲럻뫏샭싛풤웚ꆣ놾ꆢ샍뚯뫍훐볤춶죫뗄떯탔쾵쫽퓚뗘쟸횮볤듦퓚튻뚨닮틬ꆣ웤훐,놾뗄떯탔쾵쫽횵퓚01012ꆪ01039횮볤,샍뚯뗄떯탔쾵쫽횵퓚01057ꆪ011횮볤,훐볤춶죫뗄떯탔퓚01812ꆪ8
2009쓪뗚9웚01910횮볤ꆣ쇹샠뗘쟸뗄놾ꆢ샍뚯ꆢ훐볤춶죫뗄떯탔쾵쫽횮뫍뒦퓚01951ꆪ01993횮볤,뚼뷓뷼1,뇭쏷닺돶랽돌듦퓚ퟅ맦쒣놨돪늻뇤ꆣ쇹샠뗘쟸믘맩랽돌뗄쓢뫏폅뛈뒦퓚0190ꆪ0197횮볤,쮵쏷믘맩뷡맻뛔닺돶폐럇뎣뫃뗄뷢쫍쓜솦ꆣ뇭1릤튵ퟜ닺횵뛔쫽뗄믘맩뷡맻놾뗄뛔쫽샍뚯뗄뛔쫽훐볤춶죫뗄뛔쫽뷘뻠쿮맛달횵쓢뫏폅뛈뮪쓏퇘몣0103(681333362)01091(1251331)01867(1429117)0176433(101133)2741090195뮪뚫퇘몣0102333(93185)01061(1521332)01909(264413323)0168(21313313)5779480197뮪놱퇘몣01033(4813335)01085(8013384)018473333(1161180)11013(148104)2717320192뚫놱뗘쟸0101833(20117)01057(3913397)01894(80413392)01861(8813322)969140194훐늿뗘쟸0103933(4713339)011(80182)01812(90413356)11132(13613309)2157130190컷늿뗘쟸0101233(1613328)01061(5013316)01910(1043196)0175633(71187)1576450195ꆡꆡ힢:(1)캪쇋볲뷠웰볻,뇭훐쎻폐놨룦쓪럝ꆢ탐튵뫍쪡럝뗈탩쓢뇤솿뗄믘맩쾵쫽;(2)삨뫅쓚캪춳볆쿔훸횵33,듺뇭1%뗄쿔훸쮮욽ꆣ샻폃짏쫶믘맩쾵쫽뷡맻,컒쏇뿉틔볆쯣쇹샠뗘쟸뗄튪쯘퓶뎤싊ꆢ좫튪쯘짺닺싊뗄퓶뎤싊뫍릱쿗싊(볻뇭2)ꆣ듓2000쓪떽2007쓪,죽샠퇘몣뗘쟸뗄닺돶퓶뎤싊룟폚뚫놱뗘쟸뫍훐컷늿뗘쟸,떫퇘몣뗘쟸쓚늿닮뇰늻듳,쓪욽뻹퓶뎤싊뚼퓚22%틔짏ꆣ훐늿뗘쟸뗄닺돶퓶뎤쯙뛈뷓뷼퇘몣뗘쟸,뚫놱뗘쟸뫍컷늿뗘쟸닺돶퓶뎤쯙뛈짔싽,럖뇰캪19174%뫍21138%ꆣ튪쯘믽샛퓚뗘쟸횮볤폐쿔훸닮틬ꆣ놾ꆢ샍뚯뫍훐볤춶죫뗄퓶뎤싊퓚퇘몣뗘쟸뚼쿔훸룟맽뚫놱뗘쟸뫍훐컷늿뗘쟸ꆣ놾퓶뎤싊퓚뮪뚫퇘몣뗘쟸ퟮ뿬,웤듎쫇뮪놱퇘몣뗘쟸,퓙듎뮪쓏퇘몣뗘쟸,뚫놱뗘쟸놾퓶뎤싊ퟮ싽ꆣ쿠뇈횮쿂,샍뚯퓶뎤싊퓚뮪쓏퇘몣뗘쟸ퟮ뿬,웤듎쫇뮪뚫퇘몣뗘쟸,퓙듎쫇뮪놱퇘몣뗘쟸,뚫놱뗘쟸샍뚯퓶뎤싊짵훁캪뢺ꆣ쇹샠뗘쟸샍뚯춶죫퓶뎤싊뇤뮯폫쿖쪵훐뗄맛달럇뎣컇뫏,튲뻍쫇쮵퇘몣뗘쟸춨맽룟쯙퓶뎤퓚릤튵늿쏅뒴퓬쇋훚뛠뗄뻍튵룚캻ꆣ훐볤춶죫뗄퓶뎤싊퓚뮪놱뗘쟸ퟮ뿬,웤듎쫇뮪뚫뗘쟸,뚫놱뗘쟸뗄훐볤춶죫퓶뎤ퟮ싽ꆣ폐틢쮼뗄쫇,뮪쓏퇘몣뫍뮪뚫퇘몣뗄TFP퓶뎤싊폫컷늿뗘쟸뷓뷼,뚼뗍폚뮪놱퇘몣뗘쟸ꆢ뚫놱뗘쟸뫍훐늿뗘쟸ꆣ훐늿뗘쟸뗄TFP퓶뎤싊ퟮ룟,캪6117%;컷늿뗘쟸뗄TFP퓶뎤싊ퟮ뗍,캪4113%ꆣTFP퓶뎤싊ퟮ듳횵폫ퟮꆡ뇭22000ꆪ2007쓪좫튪쯘짺닺싊퓶뎤싊뫍릱쿗싊킡횵횮볤쿠닮2룶냙럖뗣ꆣ뚫놱닺돶(ퟜ닺횵)놾샍뚯훐볤춶죫TFP뗘쟸뫍훐늿뗘쟸뷏룟뗄TFP퓶뎤욽뻹퓶뎤싊(%)싊ꆡ뮪쓏퇘몣221511410712187181814160,뇭쏷헢킩뗘쟸뗄닺튵짽벶쟷쫆,폐웤쪵쿖쇋룼뿬뗄벼쫵뷸늽ꆡ뮪뚫퇘몣231841811711159201174138뫍뇤뺭볃퓶뎤랽쪽뗄헽쏦킧ꆡ뮪놱퇘몣24128141775126201955160펦ꆣ쇭튻랽쏦,헢튲퇩횤쇋잰쏦ꆡ뚫놱뗘쟸191748108-0105151825146ꆡ훐늿뗘쟸22198121322100191866117맘폚훐맺닺튵뷡릹퇝뇤뗄쳘뗣틔ꆡ컷늿뗘쟸21138101341105181764113벰뇈뷏폅쫆폫풴?뢳뷡릹췑샫욽뻹릱쿗싊(%)뗄쿖쿳ꆣ쿠랴,퓚틀삵돶뿚탨쟳ꆡ뮪쓏퇘몣10010118851217214720145삭뚯쿂ꆡ뮪뚫퇘몣10010117521967619118137,퇘몣뗘쟸믱뗃쇋뷏뿬뗄닺돶퓶뎤,떫쯼쏇뗄TFP퓶뎤쯙ꆡ뮪놱퇘몣10010210111847310923106뛈쿠뛔뷏싽ꆡ뚫놱뗘쟸100100174-01027116327165,틢캶ퟅ퇘몣뗘쟸춨ꆡ훐늿뗘쟸10010210901877012026184맽뒴탂뫍닺튵짽벶,듓뛸뇤뺭ꆡ컷늿뗘쟸10010015801307918219130볃퓶뎤랽쪽뗄얬솦킧맻,쫇훍뫳9
닌ꆡꆡ뗈:훐맺닺튵짽벶뗄듳맺퇣헳쒣탍럖컶폚뚯첬뇈뷏폅쫆뇤뮯튪쟳뗄ꆣ짏쫶뷡맻튲뇭쏷,돽쇋훐볤춶죫뗄릱쿗틔췢(퓚쇹샠뗘쟸듳풼퓚70%ꆪ80%횮볤),좫튪쯘짺닺싊쫇췆뚯훐맺릤튵퓶뎤뗄훘튪풴좪ꆣ퓚훐맺릤튵룟쯙퓶뎤훐,살ퟔ좫튪쯘짺닺싊퓶뎤뗄릱쿗듳풼뒦퓚18%ꆪ28%횮볤ꆣ뚫놱뗘쟸뫍훐컷늿뗘쟸좫튪쯘짺닺싊뗄릱쿗ퟷ폃쏷쿔룟폚퇘몣뗘쟸ꆣ웤훐,뚫놱뗘쟸좫튪쯘짺닺싊뗄릱쿗ퟷ폃ퟮ듳,듯떽2717%;웤듎쫇훐늿뗘쟸,듯떽2618%;뮪뚫퇘몣뗘쟸뗄릱쿗ퟷ폃ퟮ킡,캪1814%ꆣ쿠뛔뛸퇔,놾춶죫뗄릱쿗ퟷ폃퓚0158%ꆪ211%횮볤,샍뚯춶죫뗄릱쿗ퟷ폃퓚-0102%ꆪ512%횮볤ꆣ늻맽,컒쏇쪹폃캢맛쫽뻝뷸탐뗄헢훖럖쟸폲럖컶,퓚TFP훐쎻폐랴펳샍뚯솦퓚뗘쟸볤쇷뚯쯹닺짺뗄풴훘탂엤훃킧펦,틔벰죋솦놾뫍샍뚯쪱볤잿뛈뇤뮯뗄믽샛킧펦ꆣ퓚뷢컶짏쫶뷡맻쪱,헢킩틲쯘펦룃쪱쪱뗃떽뾼싇ꆣ쯄ꆢ훐컷늿뗘쟸훆퓬튵뗄랢햹믺폶뇤뺭볃퓶뎤랽쪽뗄쓚몭횮튻,뻍쫇냑쒿잰듦퓚뗄쟸폲퓶뎤룱뻖떽룼볓럻뫏뗘쟸풴?뢳듓뛸뇈뷏폅쫆뗄맬뗀짏쏦ꆣ맩룹뷡뗗,평폚훐맺맣삫뗄뗘폲뫍훚뛠뗄죋뿚,뗘쟸횮볤풴?뢳뫍랢햹뷗뛎뗄닮틬,쮿뫁늻킡폚맺볒횮볤뗄닮틬,틲듋,퇣헳쒣쪽췪좫뿉틔돉캪훐맺룷룶뗘쟸횮볤닺튵틆뗄슷뺶ꆣ뛸펦뛔뺭볃캣믺뗄뒴퓬탔믙쏰맽돌,잡뫃쳡릩쇋튻룶쪵쿖헢튻쒿뇪뗄믺폶ꆣ늻맽,맺볒쓚늿뗘쟸횮볤뗄맘쾵,폫맺볒횮볤뗄맘쾵뇏뺹폐탭뛠룹놾탔뗄늻춬,틲듋,펦폃헢튻샭싛살럖컶뫍풤닢맺쓚닺튵틆뫍돐뷓쪱,탨튪냑컕뗘쟸횮볤듦퓚닮틬뗄튻킩쳘쫢횮뒦ꆣ퓚훐맺뗘쟸횮볤죔좻듦퓚ퟅ뷏듳뗄짺닺튪쯘볛룱닮틬,떫쫇,룹뻝짺닺튪쯘뗄쇷뚯탔쳘뗣,쎿훖튪쯘쿠뛔볛룱뗄뗘쟸닮틬폖늻뺡쿠춬ꆣ듓뻟쳥뗄짺닺튪쯘볛룱뇈뷏살뾴,평폚췁뗘좱랦쇷뚯탔,퓚닺튵듳맦쒣퓚뚫늿퇘몣뗘쟸벯훐뗄쟩뿶쿂,췁뗘볛룱퓚헢킩뗘쟸늻뿉뇜쏢뗘죕틦짽룟,뛸퓚훐컷늿뗘쟸퓲놣돖쿠뛔뗍솮ꆣ늻맽,샍뚯솦튪쯘퓚튻룶맺볒쓚늿뗄쇷뚯탔뇏뺹쫇튪듳듳룟폚퓚맺볒횮볤뗄쇷뚯,쯤좻뗘쟸횮볤뗄릤닮뻠죔좻듦퓚,떫평폚얩듥샍뚯솦듓훐컷늿쿲뚫늿뗘쟸뗄듳맦쒣틆,샍뚯솦돉놾닮틬틑뺭쿔훸쯵킡쇋(Caietal,2007)ꆣ헢훖짺닺튪쯘쿠뛔볛룱뗄뗘쟸닮틬탔,ퟷ캪펰쿬룷뗘헐짌틽뫍닺튵랢햹돉벨뗄틲쯘,탎돉쇋쒿잰훆퓬튵닺욷돶뿚맦쒣뗄뗘쟸럖늼쳘헷,벴폫뺭볃랢듯돌뛈쿠튻훂,듓퇘몣뗘쟸쿲훐늿뗘쟸,퓙떽컷늿뗘쟸뗄뗝복룱뻖(닌ꆡ,2009)ꆣ횵뗃횸돶뗄쫇,쒿잰헢훖닺튵뫍췢쿲탍돌뛈뗄럖늼,틑뺭랴펳쇋룄룯뾪럅훐짺닺튪쯘쟸폲볤쇷뚯뫍훘ퟩ뗄뷡맻ꆣ샽죧,퓚퇘몣뗘쟸뗄췢쿲탍뺭볃믮뚯훐,뻍냼삨쇋살ퟔ훐컷늿뗘쟸뗄틆샍뚯솦ꆣ떫쫇,퓚짺닺튪쯘뗄쇷뚯쓜솦뫍쇷뚯헾닟듦퓚닮틬뗄쳵볾쿂,웹뷱훆퓬튵랢햹믲헟쮵폐뺺헹솦뗄풴엤훃,죔좻훷튪랢짺퓚뚫늿뗘쟸ꆣ룼훘튪뗄쫇돐뷓닺튵틆뗄뗘쟸뻟놸훰붥룄짆뗄춶뮷뺳,틔벰샍뚯짺닺싊뗄쳡룟잱솦ꆣ튻횱틔살훐맺훆퓬튵닺튵뗄뺺헹솦뚼쫇틀삵뗍솮뗄샍뚯솦돉놾랽쏦뗄폅쫆,뛸쯦ퟅ훆퓬튵릤뗄뿬쯙퓶뎤,탭뛠죋뾪쪼냑힢틢솦쿲샍뚯솦쯆뫵룼볓뇣틋뗄웤쯻랢햹훐맺볒(죧AlixPartners,2009)ꆣ릤쮮욽뗄짏짽쫇럱헦뗄믡쪹뗃샍뚯쏜벯탍뗄훆퓬닺튵뗄뇈뷏폅쫆쿷죵듓뛸펰쿬컒맺뗄뺺헹쓜솦?컞싛쫇뛏퇔뮹쫇떣폇훐맺틔샍뚯쏜벯탍웳튵캪짺닺훷쳥뗄훆퓬튵,붫쯦ퟅ샍뚯솦돉놾뗄쳡룟뛸즥쪧뇈뷏폅쫆듓뛸맺볊뺺헹솦뗄싛뗣,뚼폐쪧맛달컊쳢랽램짏뗄늻ퟣꆣ틲캪뻶뚨샍뚯쏜벯탍닺튵뇈뷏폅쫆뗄틲쯘,늻뷶퓚폚샍뚯솦돉놾,뮹퓚폚샍뚯짺닺싊ꆣ냑솽헟뷡뫏웰살퓲탎돉튻룶ꆰ떥캻샍뚯돉놾ꆱ뗄횸뇪,벴쿠뛔릤폫쿠뛔샍뚯짺닺싊횮뇈(Ark,2008)ꆣ룃횸뇪뗄횵풽킡,틢캶ퟅ뿉틔폃뷏뗍뗄쪵볊샍뚯돉놾짺닺쿠춬뗄닺욷ꆣ돽쇋탨튪맛달샍뚯놨돪뗄쟩뿶틔췢,ힼ좷뗘볆쯣샍뚯짺닺싊튲돉캪뛈솿샍뚯솦돉놾폅쫆뗄훘튪랽쏦ꆣ뛈솿샍뚯짺닺싊뗄횸뇪춨뎣폐솽룶:튻룶쫇욽뻹샍뚯짺닺싊(APL),쯼쫇쎿떥캻샍뚯솦뒴퓬돶뗄닺돶(벴ퟜ닺돶돽틔샍뚯솦쫽솿);쇭튻룶쫇뇟볊샍뚯짺닺싊(MPL),쯼쫇ퟮ뫳튻떥캻샍뚯솦10
2009쓪뗚9웚뒴퓬돶뗄뇟볊닺돶ꆣ솽훖횸뇪뚼폐튻뚨뗄틢틥,떫쫇ퟷ캪샍뚯놨돪쮮욽뗄닎헕쾵,닉폃뇟볊샍뚯짺닺싊(MPL)룼캪쫊뫏,틲캪듓샭싛짏붲,퓚췪좫뺺헹뗄샍뚯솦쫐뎡짏,뛔샍뚯솦쯹횧뢶뗄놨돪펦룃뻶뚨폚뎧짌맍펶뗄ퟮ뫳튻룶릤죋쯹퓶볓뗄닺솿벴샍뚯뗄뇟볊닺욷ꆣ쯹틔퓚뇈뷏샍뚯솦돉놾쪱닉폃샍뚯솦놨돪쮮욽폫뇟볊샍뚯짺닺싊뗄뛔헕룼캪ힼ좷ꆣ좻뛸뇟볊샍뚯짺닺싊뗄닢뛈쿠뛔뢴퓓,쯼탨튪춨맽듳퇹놾뗄캢맛쫽뻝살뗃떽웳튵뗄짺닺몯쫽,퓙평맀볆돶살뗄짺닺몯쫽뗃떽뇟볊샍뚯짺닺싊,쯹틔탭뛠퇐뺿뚼닉폃쇋욽뻹샍뚯짺닺싊헢튻횸뇪ꆣ캪쇋뇣폚폫웤쯼뗄쿠맘퇐뺿ퟶ돶뇈뷏뫍뛔헕,컒쏇붫춬쪱볆쯣뇟볊샍뚯짺닺싊뫍욽뻹샍뚯짺닺싊솽룶횸뇪,ퟷ캪샍뚯솦릱쿗뗄뛈솿ꆣ헢샯컒쏇샻폃2000ꆪ2007쓪훆퓬튵웳튵쫽뻝,닉폃뛔횰릤횧뢶뗄릤ꆢ뢣샻뫍놣쿕횮뫍ퟷ캪샍뚯솦놨돪뗄뛈솿,닉폃샍뚯짺닺싊(뇟볊ꆢ욽뻹)ퟷ캪샍뚯솦릱쿗뗄뛈솿,뇈뷏웰살뾴뾴솽헟뗄맘쾵늢뻝듋뗃떽떥캻샍뚯솦돉놾폅쫆ꆣ컒쏇춨맽맀볆돶뗄좫맺틔벰6샠뗘쟸뗄훆퓬튵짺닺몯쫽,폃틔쿂뗄릫쪽뿉틔뗃떽뇟볊샍뚯짺닺싊뫍욽뻹샍뚯짺닺싊:M5YꛂꇁYPL==5LLYAPL=LꆡꆡMPL캪뇟볊샍뚯짺닺싊,APL캪욽뻹샍뚯짺닺싊ꆣ뇭3쿔쪾쇋2000쓪훁2007쓪샍뚯놨돪뫍솽훖샍뚯짺닺싊뗄뇤뮯쟩뿶ꆣ컒쏇랢쿖,뷸죫탂쫀볍뫳,훐맺훆퓬튵뗄샍뚯짺닺싊폐쇋쿔훸쳡짽,욽뻹샍뚯짺닺싊평2000쓪뗄1613췲풪짏짽떽2007쓪뗄4514췲풪,뇟볊샍뚯짺닺싊퓲평112췲풪짏짽떽314췲풪,샍뚯짺닺싊퓶뎤쇋뷓뷼118놶ꆣ평폚욽뻹샍뚯짺닺싊튲냼몬쇋웤쯻짺닺튪쯘(놾ꆢ훐볤춶죫뗈)뛔폚닺돶뗄릱쿗,틲듋,욽뻹샍뚯짺닺싊뗄쮮욽튪룟폚뇟볊샍뚯짺닺싊ꆣ춬쪱,컒쏇튲뾴떽,쯦ퟅ쪱볤뗄췆틆,욽뻹샍뚯짺닺싊뫍뇟볊샍뚯짺닺싊뗄닮틬퓚훰붥삩듳ꆣ헢틢캶ퟅ,쯦ퟅ훐맺뺭볃뷡릹뗄탍,놾뗈웤쯻튪쯘퓚훆퓬튵늿쏅랢믓풽살풽훘튪뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ뇭32000ꆪ2007쓪훆퓬튵샍뚯놨돪뫍샍뚯짺닺싊200020012002200320042005200620072000ꆪ2007뻸뛔쮮욽(잧풪Π죋)ꆡ샍뚯놨돪1114812125131091410815135161962017422102ꆪꆡ뇟볊샍뚯짺닺싊121311414416165191932212925109281913413ꆪꆡ욽뻹샍뚯짺닺싊163107191135220163264106295133332144383101454152ꆪ퓶뎤싊(%)ꆪꆡ샍뚯놨돪61716186715691021014922129611991184ꆡ뇟볊샍뚯짺닺싊17130151301917011184121561512318164178173ꆡ욽뻹샍뚯짺닺싊17134151301916811184121571512118167떥캻샍뚯솦돉놾샍뚯놨돪Π뇟볊짺닺싊0193301848017860170701689016760171801642ꆪ샍뚯놨돪Π욽뻹짺닺싊010701064010590105301052010510105401048ꆪꆡꆡ힢:샍뚯놨돪캪웳튵횧뢶뗄릤ꆢ뢣샻뫍놣쿕죽쿮횮뫍돽틔웳튵횰릤ퟜ쫽ꆣ듓뇭3뿉틔뾴떽,샍뚯놨돪뫍샍뚯짺닺싊늢쎻폐틔쿠춬뗄늽랥뇤뮯,샍뚯놨돪퓚8쓪볤퓶뎤92%ퟳ폒,풶뗍폚샍뚯짺닺싊뗄퓶뎤ꆣ뛸샍뚯놨돪쯤좻뺭샺ퟅ훰쓪뗄뿬쯙퓶뎤,떫벸뫵쎿튻쓪뚼쎻폐뿬맽샍뚯짺닺싊뗄퓶쯙ꆣ뷸튻늽,춨맽뇈뷏샍뚯솦놨돪뫍샍뚯짺닺싊,컒쏇뗃떽떥캻샍뚯돉놾헢룶횸뇪ꆣ훆퓬튵샍뚯놨돪뗄듳럹뛈쳡짽쫇냩쯦ퟅ샍뚯짺닺싊뗄룼뿬쯙쳡룟뛸춬쪱랢짺뗄,컒쏇룼펦룃힢틢떽뗄쟩뿶쫇,퓚솽헟뚼뺭샺훰쓪뿬쯙퓶뎤뗄맽돌훐,웤뇈횵튲퓚뺭샺ퟅ훰쓪뗄쿂붵,벴컞11
닌ꆡꆡ뗈:훐맺닺튵짽벶뗄듳맺퇣헳쒣탍럖컶싛틔뇟볊샍뚯짺닺싊뮹쫇틔욽뻹샍뚯짺닺싊볆쯣뗄떥캻샍뚯돉놾,퓚듋웚볤뚼돖탸훰쓪쿂붵ꆣ듓헢룶뷇뛈붲,평폚샍뚯놨돪햼샍뚯짺닺싊뇈샽뗄붵뗍,쯤좻샍뚯놨돪뗄뻸뛔횵뿬쯙쳡룟쇋,떫쫇ퟷ캪랴펳샍뚯솦돉놾뗄쿠뛔쮮욽(샍뚯놨돪폫샍뚯짺닺싊뇈뷏)퓚2000ꆪ2007쓪볤럇떫쎻폐쳡룟랴뛸쿂붵쇋ꆣ퓚냑컕좫맺ퟜ쳥뗄샍뚯솦돉놾폅쫆쟩뿶뗄믹뒡짏,컒쏇뮹펦룃뾼싇떽평폚룷뗘쟸룷ퟔ뗄풴쟩뿶ꆢ훆뛈뮷뺳틔벰랢햹돌뛈뗈랽쏦뗄닮틬,샍뚯솦놨돪뫍샍뚯짺닺싊폐뷏듳닮뇰ꆣ돶폚헢퇹뗄잰쳡,컒쏇뿉틔뾼싇죧맻붫룼뛠뗄웳튵틆떽샍뚯솦놨돪쿠뛔뗍뛸샍뚯짺닺싊쿠뛔룟뗄쟸폲,쓇쎴컒쏇뻍뿉틔쪵쿖샍뚯솦돉놾폅쫆뗄뷓탸ꆣ쯹틔퓚헢튻늿럖컒쏇붫웳튵쫽뻝내잰쏦뛔뗘쟸럖샠,럖뇰맀쯣뮪쓏퇘몣ꆢ뮪뚫퇘몣ꆢ뮪놱퇘몣ꆢ뚫놱뗘쟸ꆢ훐늿뗘쟸뫍컷늿뗘쟸쇹샠뗘쟸뗄샍뚯짺닺싊뇭쿖뫍샍뚯놨돪쮮욽ꆣ평맀볆뫍볆쯣뷡맻짏뾴(뇭4),샍뚯짺닺싊뫍샍뚯놨돪퓚늻춬쟸폲뗄럖늼좷폐닮틬,늢쟒뛾헟뗄뇭쿖튲늢늻튻훂ꆣ뇭4럖뗘쟸샍뚯놨돪뫍뇟볊샍뚯짺닺싊20002001200220032004200520062007샍뚯놨돪(잧풪Π죋)뮪쓏퇘몣1312013132141691418915171171462112725169뮪뚫퇘몣1319314112151251612016149181412012722108뮪놱퇘몣1111410199111891217715119161651811620101뚫놱뗘쟸1018011186131381415216166161971918023149훐늿뗘쟸816111139101411114813152141181518718187컷늿뗘쟸1018711108121391318115181161641913720193뇟볊샍뚯짺닺싊(잧풪Π죋)뮪쓏퇘몣1812120158221312417224193241852717932151뮪뚫퇘몣131661512171282010919114231562613630141뮪놱퇘몣141616163191652413529164331733911347102뚫놱뗘쟸8121013512115151421812521108241529141훐늿뗘쟸111081311215144181952414271343311441193컷늿뗘쟸6172812691711115714164161892016324159떥캻샍뚯솦돉놾뮪쓏퇘몣01720165016601600163017001770179뮪뚫퇘몣11020193018801810186017801770173뮪놱퇘몣01760166016101520151014901460143뚫놱뗘쟸11321115111001940191018101810180훐늿뗘쟸01780187016701610155015201480145컷늿뗘쟸11621134112811191108019901940185ꆡꆡ힢:샍뚯놨돪캪웳튵횧뢶뗄릤ꆢ뢣샻뫍놣쿕죽쿮횮뫍돽틔웳튵횰릤ퟜ쫽;떥캻샍뚯솦돉놾캪샍뚯놨돪폫뇟볊샍뚯짺닺싊뗄뇈횵ꆣ듓짏쫶뷡맻,컒쏇뾴떽룷룶쟸폲퓚샍뚯놨돪뫍샍뚯짺닺싊솽룶랽쏦폐ퟅ늻춬뗄뇭쿖ꆣ샽죧,뻍ퟮ뷼벸쓪뗄쟩뿶살뾴,뮪쓏퇘몣뗘쟸뗄샍뚯놨돪ퟮ룟,떫쫇웤샍뚯짺닺싊쮮욽늢늻쫇ퟮ룟뗄,뛸쟒듓2003쓪뾪쪼뮪쓏퇘몣뗘쟸샍뚯짺닺싊뗄퓶뎤뻍싽폚샍뚯놨돪뗄퓶뎤,쯹틔떥캻샍뚯솦돉놾뻍뾪쪼훰쓪쳡룟,떽2007쓪듯떽0179,맊뛸뮪쓏퇘몣뗘쟸퓚샍뚯솦돉놾랽쏦틑뺭뾪쪼즥쪧뇈뷏폅쫆ꆣ쿠뛔살붲,컒쏇뾴떽춨뎣쯹죏캪뗄실뫳뗘쟸,죧훐늿뗘쟸,웤짺닺싊쮮욽늢늻뗍,뛸쯼뗄샍뚯놨돪쮮12
2009쓪뗚9웚욽쫇ퟮ뗍뗄,틲뛸퓚샍뚯솦돉놾랽쏦뻟폐뫜잿뗄뇈뷏폅쫆ꆣ춬쪱,컒쏇랢쿖,쯤좻쒿잰컷늿뗘쟸뗄샍뚯짺닺싊쮮욽뮹욫뗍,떫쫇듓쟷쫆짏뾴,컷늿뗘쟸뗄샍뚯짺닺싊뗄쳡룟쯙뛈쫇ퟮ뿬뗄,웤떥캻샍뚯솦돉놾뗄쿂붵쟷쫆튲쫇ퟮ뿬뗄,쯹틔컷늿뗘쟸뫜폐잱솦쪵쿖웤퓚샍뚯솦돉놾짏뗄뇈뷏폅쫆ꆣ튻랽쏦,헢잡뫃퇩횤쇋잰쫶닺튵룱뻖뗄쟸폲쳘헷,벴샍뚯솦뿧뗘폲쇷뚯룄뇤쇋뚫훐컷늿뗘쟸뗄쿔쪾탔뇈뷏폅쫆,틔벰췜쳸쪽닺튵짽벶뗄쿖쿳,쇭튻랽쏦,헢튲랴펳쇋훐늿뗘쟸틑뺭뻟놸뗄샍뚯솦돉놾폅쫆틔벰컷늿뗘쟸쯹잱퓚뗄떥캻샍뚯돉놾폅쫆,듓뛸쳥쿖쇋훐컷늿뗘쟸돐뷓뫍랢햹샍뚯쏜벯탍닺튵뗄뿉쓜탔뫍뿉돖탸탔ꆣ컥ꆢ뷡ꆡ싛놾컄닻쫶쇋튻훖맘폚훐맺뺭볃닺튵뷡릹뇤뮯뗄쳘쫢쿖쿳ꆪꆪꆪ쟸폲뿧풽쪽닺튵퇝뇤,늢샻폃럖뗘쟸훆퓬튵좫튪쯘짺닺싊뷸탐쇋뺭퇩횤쏷ꆣ쯤좻퓚퇘몣뗘쟸횮췢뗄탂탋뗘쟸틑뺭쿔쪾돶뷏룟닺튵뷡릹뗄뛋쓟,떫쫇헢훖뇤뮯늢쎻폐룄뇤훐컷늿뗘쟸붫훰붥좡뗃퓚샍뚯쏜벯탍닺튵짏뇈뷏폅쫆뗄풤웚ꆣ듓헢훖뺭퇩돶랢,냑태뇋쳘뒴퓬탔믙쏰샭싛폫퇣헳샭싛뷡뫏,컒쏇뿉틔뾴떽훐맺쏦뛔캣믺뗄톡퓱,벴냑퇣헳샭싛펦폃퓚튻룶맺볒쓚늿,듲웆쇋뒫춳샭싛볙쮵뫍쪵볹룱뻖,ퟶ돶훐맺샍뚯쏜벯탍닺튵늢늻뇘좻쿲쇚맺틆뗄에뛏ꆣ폫듋춬쪱,튲뻍믘듰쇋훐맺쫇럱캬쾵샍뚯쏜벯탍닺튵뇈뷏폅쫆뫍뺺헹솦,듓뛸훐맺쓜럱놣돖뺭볃퓶뎤뿉돖탸탔뗄틉컊ꆣ놾컄럖컶뗄쳘뗣퓚폚헽좷뗘맛달훐맺뺭볃놾짭쯹뻟폐뗄뗘쟸닮틬탔,벴퓚튻킩뗘쟸틑뺭랢짺쇋튪쯘?뢳뷡릹뻞듳뇤뮯뗄춬쪱,웤쯻뗘쟸뿉쓜죔좻뻟폐뒫춳뗄튪쯘?뢳뷡릹뫍뇈뷏폅쫆,퇣헳쪽닺튵틆췪좫뿉틔랢짺퓚훐맺뗘쟸횮볤ꆣ죧맻냑훐맺뷶뷶뾴ퟷ튻룶퓈훊뗄뺭볃쳥,뛔폚훐맺퓚뚫퇇뗄웰듲뛏쇋퇣헳쪽뗄뒫춳닺튵맺볊틆솴쳵헢룶쫂쪵,뻍웄룐럑뷢늢쪮럖맘힢ꆣ샽죧,죕놾뺭볃ꆢ쎳틗폫닺튵늿뗄튻럝놨룦뻍틉믳뗘뾴떽,춨맽틽뷸췢짌횱뷓춶,훐맺늻뷶퓚샍뚯쏜벯탍닺튵짏믱뗃쇋뇈뷏폅쫆,뛸쟒퓚탅쾢벼쫵뗈벼쫵쏜벯탍닺튵짏튲웄뻟뺺헹솦(닎볻Ahearneetal.,2006)ꆣ튻랽쏦,헢룶쿖쿳뇭쏷쒿잰훐컷늿뗘쟸릤튵랢햹죔좻폐튻뚨돌뛈뗄헾뢮춶쟽뚯탔훊,폫컷늿랢햹햽싔ꆢ뚫놱뗈샏릤튵믹뗘헱탋햽싔틔벰훐늿웰햽싔뗄쪵쪩폐맘;쇭튻랽쏦,헢룶쫂쪵잡잡횤쏷쇋헢룶맺쓚틆쒣쪽뗄뿉탐탔ꆣ뛔폚쿈탐랢햹뗘쟸살쮵,쫊펦샍뚯솦뫍췁뗘돉놾쳡룟뗄뚯첬뇈뷏폅쫆뇤뮯,쪵쿖닺튵뷡릹쿲룼볓벼쫵쏜벯탍짽벶,럻뫏퓶뎤랽쪽뇤뗄튪쟳ꆣ뛸뛔폚훐컷늿뗘쟸살쮵,돐뷓늿럖샍뚯쏜벯탍닺튵뗄틆,튲쫇닺튵뷡릹뗄짽벶,춬퇹뿉틔럻뫏퓶뎤랽쪽뇤뗄튪쟳ꆣ춨맽헢퇹뗄뗷헻,뚫늿뗘쟸컼쓉샍뚯솦뗄맦쒣붫쿠뛔컈뚨쿂살,폫듋춬쪱,탂퓶얩듥틆샍뚯솦붫풽살풽뛠뗘쇴퓚훐컷늿뗘쟸,쪹헢킩뗘쟸뗄닺튵뷡릹믘맩웤샍뚯솦죔좻럡뢻쯹뻶뚨뗄뇈뷏폅쫆ꆣ닎뾼컄쿗닌ꆡ,2009ꆶ:뷰죚캣믺뛔훆퓬튵뗄펰쿬ꆪꆪꆪ훐컷늿뗘쟸룏뎬뗄믺폶ꆷꆶ,뺭볃톧뚯첬ꆷ뗚2웚ꆣ맺볒춳볆뻖,2007ꆶ:맺볊춳볆쓪본2007ꆷ,훐맺춳볆돶냦짧ꆣ쇖틣럲,2007ꆶ:뎱펿쿖쿳폫랢햹훐맺볒뫪맛뺭볃샭싛뗄훘탂릹붨ꆷꆶ,뺭볃퇐뺿ꆷ뗚1웚ꆣ풼즪럲ꆤ태뇋쳘,1990ꆶ:뺭볃랢햹샭싛ꆪꆪꆪ뛔폚샻죳ꆢ놾ꆢ탅듻ꆢ샻쾢뫍뺭볃훜웚뗄뾼달ꆷ,짌컱펡쫩망ꆣ풼즪럲ꆤ태뇋쳘,2007ꆶ:놾훷틥ꆢ짧믡훷틥폫쏱훷ꆷ,짌컱펡쫩망ꆣAhearne,AlanG.,,PrakashLoungani,,2006,ꆰFlyingGeeseorSittingDucks:ChinaꆯsImpactontheTradingFortunesofotherAsianEconomiesꆱ,InternationalFinanceDiscussionPapers,887,,K.,1962,ꆰHistoricalPatternofEconomicGrowthinDevelopingCountriesꆱ,DevelopingEconomies,13ꆪ,2009,ꆰAlixPartnersIntroducesNewOutsourcingToolThatDeterminesꆮBest2CostCountriesꆯꆱ,http:ΠΠΠpress2releaseΠ,Robert,1999,ꆰNoteonGrowthAccountingꆱ,JournalofEconomicGrowth,4(2),119ꆪ
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