냪ꗟꩆ뗘ꑪ뻇냪믚ꗸ띾곣ꡳ꧒ 뫓ꑨ뷗ꓥ 뻉뇐뇂ꅇ둞ꗉ뻰 돕ꑨ 냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧곣ꡳ???? 곣ꡳꗍꅇꩌ걦꽅 ꒤뗘ꗁ냪ꑅꑑꑀ꙾꒻ꓫ 1
뷗ꓥꙗ뫙ꅇ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧곣ꡳ 껕ꅝ끼ꅞ꧒닕ꝏꅇ냪ꗟꩆ뗘ꑪ뻇 냪믚ꗸ띾곣ꡳ꧒ 궶볆ꅇ119 늦띾껉뚡멋굮ꅇꑅꑑ뻇꙾ꯗ 닄ꑇ뻇듁 뫓ꑨ뻇ꛬ뷗ꓥ멋굮 곣ꡳꗍꅇꩌ걦꽅 뻉뇐뇂ꅇ둞ꗉ뻰 돕ꑨ 뷗ꓥ멋굮꒺깥ꅇ ꖻ곣ꡳꕄ굮Ꙣ놴끑냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧ꡍꥷꙝ꿀ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐셚껄꒧쏶ꭙꅁꕈꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐셚껄꒧쏶ꭙꅃ륌ꕨ꡵ꢣꚳ쏶냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦꣮굱꒺뎡뻷꣮꒧곛쏶곣ꡳꅁꓗ꣤쉁ꓖꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧ꡍꥷꙝ꿀ꓨ궱ꕛꕈ놴끑ꅁꖻ곣ꡳ꒧ꗘꪺꖿꙢ꧳삱룉ꚹꑀ뉺뷗꿊ꑦꅃ ꖻ곣ꡳꕈꕸ왗1000ꑪ뭳덹띾뱴냓꒤106귓냪믚Ꙙ룪껗Ꝁ결맪쏒꓀꩒꒧냲슦ꅁ낲뮡꒧엧쏒ꕄ굮뇄ꗎꙨ꒸끪쉫꓀꩒ꩫ뙩ꛦ맪쏒꓀꩒ꅃ맪쏒떲ꩇ땯뉻ꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚ꅂꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧ꅂ룪랽몯덺ꯗꅁꕈ떦늤궫굮꧊결ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧궫굮ꡍꥷꙝ꿀ꅃꙢ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꓨ궱ꅁꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊녎ꚳꝕ꧳셚껄ꪺ뒣ꅆꙢꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꓨ궱ꅁꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊맯셚껄ꪺ뒣룻때ꧺ엣ꝕ꽱ꅃꚹꕾꅁꖫ돵냊멁꧊맯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ꣣ꚳ뱗녪껄ꩇꅃ 쏶쇤꙲ꅇ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꅂꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅂꖫ돵냊멁꧊ 2
The study on strategic consensus in international joint venture StudentꅇPo-Hao Lin AdvisorꅇDr. Yu-Shu Peng Institute of International Business Management National Dong Hwa University ABSTRACT This study aims to explore the antecedents of strategic consensus among senior managers who come from different parent companies, and to examine the relationship between the level of strategic consensus and performance in international joint venture (IJV). In the past, the researches that related to the internal mechanism of decision-making in international joint venture were lacked, especially in determinant factors of consensus among parent companies. Hence, the purpose of this paper is aimed at filling the theoretical gap and to provide suggestions to international management practice. The research data including 106 international joint venture cases comes from Taiwan Top 1000 manufactory firms. We utilized multiple regression analysis to test main hypotheses. The findings are differentiated three sectors. First, we find that the gaps of marketing capacity, difference of corporate culture, degree of resource permeability between parents and strategic importance of joint venture corporate are important determinant factors of strategic consensus. Second, the results indicate that consensus increases the performance in the case of a differentiation strategy but not obviously in the case of a low-cost strategy. Additionally, the relationship between consensus and performance is positively influenced by dynamism of the market. Keywordsꅇinternational joint venture, Parent company characteristics, strategic consensus, dynamism of the market. 3
ꗘ?뿽 닄ꑀ뎹?뫼뷗 1 닄ꑀ론?곣ꡳ냊뻷뭐굉뒺 1 닄ꑇ론?곣ꡳꗘꪺ 4 닄ꑔ론 곣ꡳ궭꣮ 6 닄ꑇ뎹?ꓥ쑭놴끑?7 닄ꑀ론 냪믚Ꙙ룪꒧ꥷ롱뭐쏾ꮬ 7 닄ꑇ론 냪믚Ꙙ룪ꪺ뉺뷗냲슦 13 닄ꑔ론 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧쏶ꭙ 16 닄ꕼ론 ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ 27 닄꒭론 ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ 30 닄꒻론 Ꙙ룪셚껄ꪺ뿅뙱볐 33 닄ꑔ뎹 귓껗곣ꡳ 41 닄ꑀ론 귓껗뮡ꧺ 42 닄ꑇ론 귓껗ꓱ룻꓀꩒ 50 닄ꕼ뎹 곣ꡳꓨꩫ 54 닄ꑀ론 곣ꡳ걛멣 54 닄ꑇ론?곣ꡳ낲뮡 57 닄ꑔ론 곣ꡳ엜볆ꥷ롱뭐냝ꣷ덝군 62 닄ꕼ론 곣ꡳ맯뙈뭐룪껆뭠뚰 68 닄꒭론 룪껆꓀꩒ꓨꩫ 70 닄꒻론 ꭈꯗ뭐껄ꯗ꓀꩒ 71 4
닄꒭뎹 맪쏒곣ꡳ떲ꩇ 74 닄ꑀ론 볋ꖻ둹굺 74 닄ꑇ론 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅂꖫ돵냊멁꧊Ꙙ룪 셚껄꓀꩒ 77 닄ꑔ론 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧쏶ꭙ 82 닄ꕼ론†ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ 88 닄꒭론†ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ 90 ? 닄꒻뎹?떲뷗뭐ꯘ쒳?94 닄ꑀ론?곣ꡳ떲뷗?94 닄ꑇ론?뫞뉺띎뉛?99 닄ꑔ론?곣ꡳ끞쑭?101 닄ꕼ론?ꯡ쓲곣ꡳꯘ쒳?102 ? 냑ꛒꓥ쑭 103 ꒤ꓥ뎡꓀?103 굞ꓥ뎡꓀ 104 뿽ꑀ ꒣Ꙑ앶ꓱ꣒냏꓀ꓨꚡ맯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧뱶암110 뿽ꑇ?곣ꡳ냝ꣷ 114 5
ꫭꗘ뿽 ꫭ2-1 Ꙙ룪ꥷ롱 9 ꫭ2-2 Ꙙ룪ꥷ롱왛쉉꒧늧Ꙑ 10 ꫭ2-3 냪믚Ꙙ룪ꥷ롱 11 ꫭ2-4 Ꙙ룪쏾ꮬ 12 ꫭ2-5 Ꙙ룪꒧ꚨꙝ 15 ꫭ2-6 냪믚Ꙙ룪ꙕ멣궱뱶암ꙝ꿀꒧곛쏶ꓥ쑭 18 ꫭ2-7 ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧ꡍꥷꙝ꿀곛쏶ꓥ쑭 26 ꫭ2-8 ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧곛쏶ꓥ쑭 28 ꫭ2-9 ꖫ돵냊멁꧊꒧곛쏶ꓥ쑭 31 ꫭ2-10 냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾셚껄뗻꛴꒧곛쏶ꓥ쑭 36 ꫭ3-1 귓껗굉뒺 41 ꫭ3-2 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧쏶ꭙꓱ룻ꫭ 50 ꫭ3-3 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧쏶ꭙ 51 ꫭ3-4 ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙꓱ룻ꫭ 52 ꫭ3-5 ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ 52 ꫭ3-6 ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙꓱ룻ꫭ 53 ꫭ3-7 ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ 53 ꫭ4-1 곣ꡳ엜볆꒧랧꧀꧊ꥷ롱 62 ꫭ4-2 엜볆뿅뙱볐럇뭐냝ꣷ썄뢹 63 ꫭ4-3 ꗸ띾덗볒뭐셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ 66 ꫭ4-4 곣ꡳ볋ꖻ맯ꕾ룪꒧냪쑹꓀ꖬꫭ 69 ꫭ4-5 ꖻ곣ꡳ꒧냝ꣷꙞꚬꪬꩰ 69 ꫭ4-6 Cronbach’s ꍜꭙ볆ꫭ 72 ꫭ4-7 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊ꙕ엜볆꒧곛쏶꓀꩒ 73 ꫭ4-8 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊엜볆꒧VIF귈 73 ꫭ4-9 ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧VIF귈 73 ꫭ4-10 ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꥍꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꗦ꒬껄ꩇ꒧VIF귈 73 ꫭ5-1 ꚳ껄볋ꖻ꒧늣띾ꝏ뭐맯ꕾ룪냪꓀끴ꫭ 74 ꫭ5-2 ꚳ껄볋ꖻ꒧늣띾ꝏ꓀ꖬ놡 75 ꫭ5-3 ꕸ왗ꗀ꒽ꕱ앶꓀끴ꫭ 76 ꫭ5-4 ꚳ껄볋ꖻꙘ룪ꗸ띾앶엜냊ꚸ볆꓀끴ꫭ 76 ꫭ5-5 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ꓀꩒ꫭ 77 ꫭ5-6 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧꓀꩒ꫭ 78 ꫭ5-7 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧꓀꩒ꫭ 78 ꫭ5-8 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡룪랽몯덺ꯗ꓀꩒ꫭ 79 6
ꫭ5-9 ꕸ왗ꗀ꒽ꕱ맯냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾떦늤궫굮꧊뭻ꪾ꓀꩒ꫭ 79 ꫭ5-10 깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꓀꩒ꫭ 80 ꫭ5-11 ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꓀꩒ꫭ 80 ꫭ5-12 ꖫ돵냊멁꧊꓀꩒ꫭ 81 ꫭ5-13 Ꙙ룪셚껄꓀꩒ꫭ 81 ꫭ5-14 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊뭐깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뚡꒧쏶ꭙꪺ맪쏒떲ꩇ 85 ꫭ5-15 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊뭐ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뚡꒧쏶ꭙꪺ맪쏒떲ꩇ 86 ꫭ5-16 깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙꪺ맪쏒떲ꩇ 88 ꫭ5-17 ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙꪺ맪쏒떲ꩇ 89 ꫭ5-18 ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙꪺ맪 쏒떲ꩇ 91 ꫭ5-19 ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙꪺ맪 쏒떲ꩇ 92 ꫭ5-20 곣ꡳ낲뮡꒧샋ꥷ떲ꩇ 93 ꫭ6-1 곣ꡳ떲ꩇꓱ룻ꫭ 98 뿽ꫭ2-1 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊뭐깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뚡꒧쏶ꭙꪺ맪쏒떲ꩇ 110 뿽ꫭ2-2 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊뭐ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뚡꒧쏶ꭙꪺ맪쏒떲ꩇ 111 뿽ꫭ2-3 깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙꪺ맪쏒떲ꩇ 112 뿽ꫭ2-4 ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙꪺ맪쏒떲ꩇ 113 맏ꗘ뿽 맏2-1 냪믚Ꙙ룪곣ꡳ꒧ꕄ굮껖ꓟ뉺뷗뱨궱 19 맏4-1 왛꧀꧊걛멣 56 맏4-2 뻞Ꝁ꧊걛멣 56 맏4-3 ꖻ곣ꡳ꒧룪껆꓀꩒ꩫ 70 7
닄ꑀ뎹 뫼뷗 뒿롧Ꙣ슽빜ꅵ꿠ꑏ싸뭸ꅶ껉ꅁ빜얪꣬끏맯ꅵꙘ룪ꗽꗍꅶꅝMr. Joint Ventureꅞ굝싗녪녍던ꪺ곛쏶돸뻉ꅁꙢ꣤꒺ꓥ꒤ꅁꚳꑀ걱꒺깥걏덯볋둹굺ꪺꅇꅵ……굝싗녪믡ꓤ꯹ꑀ뚵륱ꑬ띾맯떦늤셰럹뷕걤ꪺ떲뷗ꅇꕌ뭻결ꅁ셰럹ꙮ녂ꯃꅁ냟ꚳ싹ꓨ맯ꖼ꣓뻖ꚳ곛Ꙑ떦늤띎맏ꅁꣃꙢꗘ볐뭐Ꙁ쏑ꑗ꣺녯ꑀ교꧊ꅁꑾ꿠ꓢ뉯ꓢꅁꙀ돐과ꙮꪺꖼ꣓ꅁꝟꭨꗴ꛳ꮬꚡꪺ셰럹돌ꯡ뎣라ꕘ뉻냝썄……..ꅶꅃ빜얪ꞹ덯걱뇔굺꒧ꯡꅁ녱꙲료ꛦ뚡꒤ꕇꕩꕈ뛥ꕘꗸ띾뚡ꦼꚹꅵ셰ꯃꅶꕩ꿠꙳Ꙣ뫘뫘ꪺ냝썄ꅁꓗ꣤걏녱ꆩꙢꗘ볐뭐Ꙁ쏑ꑗ꣺녯ꑀ교꧊ꆪ덯걱ꓥ꙲꒤ꅁꟳꕩꕈ띑릳싹ꓨꙢ라쒳껠ꑗ롧녠ꅵꪧꪺ셹공다ꑬ닊ꛓꑀꧧ꣢뒲ꅶꪺ뒺뙈ꅁꕩꪾꙘꝀ싹ꓨꡍꥷꅵ꓀ꓢꅶꪺ뻷뉶믡낪ꅃꙢꙘꝀ쏶ꭙ꒤ꅁ걊땍ꦼꚹꡍꥷꙀ돐과ꙮꖼ꣓ꅁ결꒰믲ꛓ롧녠때ꩫ꣺녯Ꙁ쏑ꛓ땯ꗍꪧ냵ꅁꙀ쏑ꪺ륆ꚨ걏ꑀꓨ뽗ꑪ꧒덹ꚨꪺꅈ꣤꒤걏ꝟ꙳Ꙣ걙뱶암ꙝ꿀ꅈ걏ꝟ라뱶암Ꙙ룪ꪺꚨ뇑ꅈꭋ걏귈녯ꯤ꿁ꪺ냝썄ꅁꗧ걏쒲땯ꖻ곣ꡳ놴끑ꪺ뻉ꓵ뵵ꅃ 닄ꑀ론 곣ꡳ냊뻷뭐굉뒺 돼ꅂ뉺뷗궱꒧면뙩 ꛛ1980꙾ꕎꕈ궰ꅁꗑ꧳곬ꅂꖫ돵ꕈꙕ냪걆ꦲ앶ꑏ떲멣걆떦ꑔ뫘ꑏ뙱꒧꒬냊ꅁ꣏녯ꗾ뉹ꙕꕄ굮ꙡ냏뭐ꙕ뫘쏶쇤늣띾뚡꒧ꙘꝀ붫결궷볩ꅝꝤꭃ꩑, 1996ꅞꅁꙝꚹꙢꑋ0꙾ꕎꕈꯡꅁꕈ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꓨꚡ맯껼ꕾꪽ놵룪ꟳ결늱ꛦꅃꙐ껉ꅁꚳ쏶냪믚Ꙙ룪꒧곛쏶곣ꡳꗧ쁈꒧붴꭫땯깩ꅁꚭ듁ꪺ곣ꡳꑪꙨ뗛궫꧳냪믚ꗸ띾꙳Ꙣꪺꖿ럭꧊ꅁ꣒꙰ꗦ꧶ꚨꖻ뉺뷗ꅂ떦늤ꛦ결뉺뷗ꅂ닕슴뻇닟뉺뷗ꅂ룪랽꒬뿠뉺뷗뷍Ꝑꑏ뉺뷗떥ꅃꖻ곣ꡳꙞ압륌ꕨꚳ쏶 8
냪믚Ꙙ룪꒧곛쏶ꓥ쑭땯뉻ꅁ놴끑냪믚Ꙙ룪ꪺ쒳썄ꑪ교ꕩ꓀결냪믚Ꙙ룪냊뻷ꅂꙘ룪맙꛱ꪺ뿯뻜ꅂꙘ룪ꪺ놱꣮뭐뷄곰ꅂ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ쎭ꥷ꧊뭐셚껄떥ꕼꑪ쏾ꅝParkhe, 1993ꅞꅃ 샋뗸냪믚Ꙙ룪뉺뷗ꪺ땯깩ꅁꖻ곣ꡳꙞ압륌ꕨꓥ쑭ꯡ땯뉻ꅁ꡵ꢣ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦꣮굱ꓨ궱ꪺ곣ꡳꅁ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒧ꡍ떦륌땻맯꧳냪믚Ꙙ룪ꪺꚨ뇑꣣ꚳ쏶쇤꧊ꪺ뱶암ꅃꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦꣮ꥷꪺ륌땻꒤ꅁ굙Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡때ꩫ륆ꚨꙀ쏑ꅁꭨꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꝙ때ꩫ륂ꝀꅝHarrigan, 1984ꅞꅁꙝꚹ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒧ꡍ떦꣮ꥷ륌땻ꅁꝙ걏Ꙙ룪ꚨ뇑ꪺ쏶쇤ꅃꗑꚹ뇀뷗ꅁ맯꧳냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦꣮ꥷ꒧꒺뎡뻷꣮쒳썄ꑗꪺ놴끑ꅁ삳면ꑀ궫굮ꢤꛢꅃ 뙌ꅂ맪냈궱ꪺ왛맮 냪믚Ꙙ룪Ꙣ뉻ꛦꪺꗸ띾땯깩꒤몥꣼궫뗸ꅁꓗ꣤Ꙣꙕ냪맯꧳룪ꖻ뭐돒냈ꪺ걹냊ꓩ꽱뙽꧱ꯡꅁꟳꭐ꣏ꗸ띾ꪺ롧샧ꓨꚡ땯ꗍ궫ꑪ엜ꅁ냪꒺ꗸ띾때꒣꿉꿉ꢫꙖ냪ꕾꖫ돵ꅃꗸ띾뙩ꑊ냪믚ꖫ돵ꪺꓨꚡ곆Ꙩꅁ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꅝInternational Joint VentureꅁIJVꅞ덑뗸결ꗸ띾냪믚꓆껉돌녠ꗎ뭐돌Ꟗꪺꓨꚡ꒧ꑀꅝHarrigan, 1988ꅆDing, 1997ꅞꅃ Ꙣ냪롧샙땯깩꒤ꅁꕸ왗꒤ꑰꗸ띾면궫굮ꪺꢤꛢꅁ쁈뗛냪꒺ꖫ돵굇꿇둘꫱릡ꥍꅁ뻉교ꕸ왗꒤ꑰꗸ띾꿉꿉ꢫꙖ껼ꕾꖫ돵ꅃꗸ띾맯ꕾ룪껉ꅁꦹꦹ꿊ꕆꢬ냷룪랽녱뙽껼ꕾꖫ돵ꪺ겡냊ꅁꑝ때ꑏ뽗ꛛ꧓뻡껼ꕾ룪궷쁉ꅁ걇Ꙣ룪껉룻뛉ꙖꙘ룪롧샧ꅝꝤꭃ꩑, 1996ꅞꅁꙝꚹ냪믚Ꙙ룪걏ꕸ왗ꗸ띾뙩ꑊ껼ꕾꖫ돵롧녠꣏ꗎꪺꓨꚡ꒧ꑀꅃꚹꕾꅁꚭ듁ꕸ왗걆ꦲꗧ릪쁹ꕸ왗ꗸ띾뭐냪ꕾꗸ띾ꙘꝀꕈꭐ뙩늣띾꿅ꅁ꧒ꕈ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꛜ꒵꒴땍맯ꕸ왗ꪺ롧샙땯깩꣣ꚳ곛럭ꪺ뱶암ꑏꅃ Ꙣ뫞뉺맪냈ꑗꅁ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꧒구ꗍꪺ냝썄룻뽗룪ꗸ띾뷆싸ꅁ뷑꙰Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꗘ볐꒣Ꙑꅂ닕슴ꓥ꓆꒣Ꙑꅂ맯Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ굮ꡄ꒣ꙐꅂꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ 9
ꕱ뚡쏶ꭙ뿹뫮뷆싸ꅂ뫞뉺ꣳ뷕꒣꧶ꅂ셚껄꒣맼ꖢ뇑뉶낪ꅃ꧒ꕈꙢꙘꝀꪺ륌땻꒤ꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡껉녠띎ꢣ꒣ꑀ교ꅁ결ꑆꙢꡍ떦ꑗ꣺녯Ꙁ쏑ꛓ뙩ꛦꣳ뷕껉꿓뙏ꥐ맼ꅁꣃꕂ뭐Ꙙ룪맯뙈ꙢꙘꝀꯡꪺꦹ꣓꒬냊ꅁ룻Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾귨ꚨꗟ껉ꟳ결셽쏸ꅝ쇂ꓥ뎶, 1992ꅞꅃꗑꚹ뇀뷗ꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꙝ결띎ꢣ꒣ꑀ교ꛓ때ꩫ륆ꚨꙀ쏑걏롧녠꙳Ꙣ꧳ꦼꚹꪺꙘꝀ쏶ꭙ꒤ꅁꟳ곆녎뻉교셚껄꒣꣎ꛓ떲ꟴꙘꝀ쏶ꭙꅃ Ꙙ룪뷍Ꝑꪺ돌ꫬꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꑪꙨꙢꪧ꣺꧳Ꙩ볆ꙡꛬꅁꕈꭋꙢꡍ떦륌땻꒤꣺녯ꡍ떦ꕄ뻉앶ꅃꑀ꿫ꛓꢥꅁ룪랽싗둉꒧Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ룻깥꧶꣺녯Ꙩ볆ꛓ샲녯ꡍ떦ꕄ뻉앶ꅃꕾ꣓ꗸ띾Ꙣꙡꕄ냪ꩫꯟꪺ궭꣮ꑕꅁ롧녠덑궢꧳곛맯ꓖ볆ꅁ싇ꗑꖻꢭ맯Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾쏶쇤룪랽꒧둸뒤ꅁꗧ꿠멣ꚨ곛럭ꪺ뱶암ꑏꅁ녯ꕈꙢꡍ떦륌땻꒤꧳ꕄ뻉ꙡꛬꅁ뙩ꛓ뱶암ꦼꚹ뚡Ꙣꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑ꑗꪺ륆ꚨꯗꅃꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁ롧녠ꗑ꧳돦ꓨ륌ꯗ녪뛕ꕄ뻉ꡍ떦꒧꣮ꥷꅁ꣏ꕴꑀꓨ뭻결륌꧳뽗뗴ꅁ깥꧶뻉교ꦼꚹꙘꝀ쏶ꭙ꽽뗵ꅃ 껚뻚ꕈꑗ꒧뷗굺ꅁ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦꣮굱륌땻ꝙ걏ꡍꥷꙘ룪ꚨ뇑ꪺ쏶쇤ꅃꗑꚹ뇀뷗ꅁꚳ쏶냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦꣮굱쒳썄ꑗꪺ놴끑ꅁꙢ뉺뷗ꥍ맪냈ꑗ삳면ꑀ궫굮ꢤꛢꅃ 10
닄ꑇ론?곣ꡳꗘꪺ 때뷗Ꙣ맪냈궱뉺뷗궱ꅁꚳ쏶냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦꣮ꥷ쒳썄ꑗ꒧놴끑ꑷ엣뉻꣤ꖲ굮꧊ꅃꙢ맪냈궱ꑗꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡Ꙣꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑ꑗꪺ꣺녯녎뱶암냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꖿ녠륂ꝀꅆꙢ뉺뷗궱ꑗꅁ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦꣮ꥷ꒧꒺뎡뻷꣮곛쏶곣ꡳ룻결꿊ꕆꅃꙝꚹ냲꧳ꑗ굺꒧ꛒ뙱ꅁꖻ곣ꡳ녎끷맯ꚹ쒳썄Ꝁ뉠ꑊ꒧놴끑ꅃ ꅵ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꅶ뭐ꅵ뽗룪ꅶ걏ꗸ띾녱맯ꕾ룪껉롧녠꣏ꗎꪺ룪ꓨꚡꅁꙢꡍ떦꣮ꥷꓨ궱ꅁ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾뭐뽗룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦ꓨꚡ깴늧곆ꑪꅃ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦꣮ꥷꓨꚡꅁꕄ굮걏뻚Ꙙ룪ꮴ곹곹ꥷꙕꓨ꧒꒧앶Ꙩ맨ꅁꡍꥷꙕꚨ귻꧒뻖ꚳꪺ뢳깵ꚸꅁꅵ뢳ꅶ결ꙕꓨꙘ룪ꝑ꽱ꪺꕎꫭꅁꕎꫭꙘ룪ꕘ깵뢳라ꩆ라떥ꡍ떦꣮ꥷ돵ꙘꅁꣃꕂꙢꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꫭꗜ띎ꢣꅃ덱녠ꚳ쏶ꑀ꿫ꡍ떦뚵꒧ꡍ쒳걏ꕈ뢳라결ꡍ떦뻷멣ꅁꣃꕂꗑ꯹ꚳꙨ볆꒧ꑀꓨꕄ뻉ꡍ떦꒧꣮ꥷꅆꚳ쏶궫ꑪꡍ떦뚵꒧ꡍ쒳걏ꕈꩆ라결ꡍ떦뻷멣ꅁ꧳곛맯ꓖ볆꒧ꚨ귻곒뻖ꚳꝟꡍ앶ꅁ싇ꚹꕈꭏ믙꣤앶꽱ꅃꙝꚹꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁꚳ쏶냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾뱶암궫ꑪ샧륂ꓨ끷꒧ꡍ떦ꅁꖲ뚷꣺녯꧒ꚳꚨ귻ꪺꙐ띎ꓨꕩ냵ꛦꅁ굙걏ꚨ귻뚡때ꩫ륆ꚨꙀ쏑ꅁꙘ룪ꗸ띾녎때ꩫꖿ녠샧륂ꅃ 껚뻚ꖻ곣ꡳ꒧곣ꡳ냊뻷뭐굉뒺ꅁ녎놴끑Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡Ꙣ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꅵꝃꚨꖻꅶ뭐ꅵ깴늧꓆ꅶ꒧궫ꑪꡍ떦ꑗ꣺녯Ꙁ쏑꒧ꡍꥷꙝ꿀결꛳ꅈꖻ곣ꡳꙞ압륌ꕨꚳ쏶냪믚Ꙙ룪곛쏶ꓥ쑭ꅁꣃ때ꗴ꛳곣ꡳꕈꚹꝀ결곣ꡳꕄ썄ꅁ꧒ꕈ녎끷맯ꚹ쒳썄Ꝁ뙩ꑀꡂ꒧놴끑ꅁꕈ삱룉냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꚳ쏶ꡍ떦꣮ꥷ곛쏶곣ꡳ꒧꒣ꢬꅃꙁꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡꣺녯ꡍ떦ꑗꪺꑀ교꧊걏ꝟ뱶암Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾롧샧셚껄ꅈꕈ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾뭐뽗룪ꗸ띾Ꙑ볋궱셻ꕾꙢꖫ돵샴맒ꪺ뷄삻ꅁꕾꙢꖫ돵샴맒엜냊걏ꝟ뱶암ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐롧샧셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙꅈꗧ걏ꖻ곣ꡳ 11
꧒굮놴끑ꪺ쒳썄꒧ꑀꅃꖻ곣ꡳꪺ곣ꡳꗘꪺ꙰ꑕꅇ 1. 놴끑Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧ꡍꥷꙝ꿀ꅃ 2. 놴끑Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙꅃ 3. 놴끑ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙꅃ 12
닄ꑔ론?곣ꡳ궭꣮ Ꙣ곣ꡳ륌땻꒤ꅁꖻ곣ꡳ굮ꡄꡃꑀ귓곣ꡳ샴론ꪺ쑙싔ꯗ뭐ꞹ뻣꧊ꅁ꒴땍꙳Ꙣ걙때ꕩ꒧ꙝ꿀ꅁ덹ꚨꖻ곣ꡳ때ꩫ륆꣬뫉떽뫉과ꪺꗘꪺꅃꖻ곣ꡳ꒧곣ꡳ궭꣮꙰ꑕ꧒굺ꅇ ꅝꑀꅞꗑ꧳ꖻ곣ꡳꕄ굮걏ꕈꕸ왗뱴냓Ꙣ껼ꕾ녱냪믚Ꙙ룪겡냊결곣ꡳ뵤돲ꅁꣃꕂꕈꕸ왗뱴냓결꓀꩒돦ꛬꅁꙢ냝ꣷ뛱떪ꪺ뽺뿯ꑗ룻결꒣꧶ꅁꗧ뛱떪ꑈꕩ꿠ꖼ롧녠ꢭ덂껼ꕾꑊ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒧륂Ꝁꅁꣃ꒣ꞹꗾꑆ룑Ꙙ룪맯뙈뭐냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾Ꙣꙡꕄ냪ꪺ샧륂ꪬꩰꅁ꧒ꕈ뛱떪Ꙣ뛱뱧냝ꣷ껉ꕩ꿠ꖼ꿠뵔꓁걍꽵맪놡ꩰꅃ ꅝꑇꅞꖻ곣ꡳꕵ뇄꣺돦ꑀꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꒧왛쉉ꅁꝙꕈꕸ왗뱴냓꒧왛쉉뙩ꛦ곛쏶곣ꡳꅁꣃꖼꛒ뱻ꙡꕄ냪뱴냓꒧왛쉉ꅁ꧒ꕈ곣ꡳ떲ꩇꕩ꿠ꚳ꧒낾믡ꅃ ꅝꑔꅞꖻ곣ꡳꪺ볋ꖻꙗ돦ꕄ굮걏덺륌롧샙뎡룪뱦쒳ꥥ귻라ꑅꑑꑀ꙾꧒ꕘ ꪩ꒧ꅵ맯ꕾ룪띾ꙗ뿽ꅶ뭐ꅵꑗꖫꑗ쉤꒽ꕱ맯ꑪ뎰룪띾ꙗ뿽ꅶ ꧒땮뿽ꕸ왗뱴냓꣺녯ꫬꡂꪺ볋ꖻꙗ돦ꅁꖼ땮끏ꭨ때ꩫ꣺볋ꅃ 13
닄ꑇ뎹 ꓥ쑭놴끑 닄ꑀ론?냪믚Ꙙ룪꒧ꥷ롱뭐쏾ꮬ 돼ꅂ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꪺꥷ롱 ꗸ띾뙩ꛦ맯ꕾ룪꒧ꓨꚡꅁ굙뻚ꗀ꒽ꕱ맯ꑬ꒽ꕱ룪ꖻꑊ땻ꯗꅁꕩ꓀결ꅵ뽗룪ꅶ뭐ꅵꙘ룪ꅶ꣢뫘ꮬ멁ꅁ꧒ꕈꙘ룪걏ꗸ띾뙩ꑊ냪ꕾꖫ돵ꪺ떦늤꒧ꑀꅃ맯ꕾ룪껉ꅁꙘ룪ꓨꚡ맯ꗸ띾ꪺ궫굮꧊ꓩ꽱뱗ꕛꅁ맯ꅵꙘ룪ꅶꑀ뗼ꪺꥷ롱띕엣볒뵫ꅁꣃꕂꛜ꒵꒴때ꑀꥷ뷗ꅁꟳ곆ꅵꙘ룪ꅶ꒧ꥷ롱뭐꣤ꕌꙗ뗼꙰떦늤셰럹ꅂ쇊꣖ꅂꙘ꣖ꅂ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗧ껉녠꣏ꑈ늣ꗍ쏸ꕈ꓀뿫ꪺ땾맒ꅃꖻ곣ꡳ뭻결Ꙣ놴끑냪믚Ꙙ룪ꥷ롱꒧ꭥꅁꖲ뚷ꗽ싧뉍ꅵꙘ룪ꅶ뭐떦늤셰럹ꅂ쇊꣖ꅂꙘ꣖냪믚Ꙙ룪꒧뚡ꪺ깴ꝏꅃ ꙢꙘ룪뭐떦늤셰럹ꓨ궱ꅁ녍껗ꚡꥍꮴ곹ꚡ떦늤셰럹뭐Ꙙ룪롧샧ꪺꕄ굮냏ꝏꅁ뛈Ꙣ꧳ꚡꑗꛓꭄ맪뷨ꑗꅁ떦늤셰럹덱녠ꕈ굱ꥷ껑궱ꮴ곹ꛓꚨꗟꅁꚳ꽓ꥷꪺ꙳쓲듁뚡ꅁꕂ꒣ꕝꝴꕴꑀ띳ꗸ띾귓엩ꪺ돐ꗟꅃ떦늤셰럹ꪺꗘꪺ녠녠ꕵ뉛뭜걙꽓ꥷꪺꗦ뒫ꗦ꧶ꅁ꙰늣ꭾꕎ빐ꅂꙘꝀ곣땯ꅂꙀꙐ뇄쇊ꅂ덎곛꒬뇂앶ꅆ땍ꛓꅁꙘ룪걏룻ꖿꚡꪺꮴ곹쏶ꭙꅁ덱녠Ꙣ귬ꚳꪺ닕슴귓엩ꕾꅁꙁ돐덹ꑀ귓뽗ꗟꪺꗸ띾귓엩ꅁꗧꝙꙘ룪ꗸ띾결꣢귓꣢귓ꕈꑗ꒧많엩롧ꗑꮴ곹ꣳꥷꅁ녱ꑀ뫘ꗑꦼꚹ셰Ꙙ놱꣮ꪺ롧샙겡냊ꅝ뗹1ꅞꅃ ꙢꙘ룪뭐쇊꣖Ꙙ꣖ꓨ궱ꅁꅵ쇊꣖ꅶ둎뭹롱ꑗꛓꢥꅁꑀ꿫걏놵ꚬꅝtake overꅞꅁꙢꩫꯟꑗꪺ뉛롱ꅁꚬ쇊걏ꑀ뫘뙒뷦ꛦ결ꅁ뙒뷦ꪺ볐ꪺꕩ꿠걏꒽ꕱꪺ앶ꅁꑝꕩ꿠걏꒽ꕱꪺ룪늣ꅁꙝꚹ굙ꚬ쇊걙꒽ꕱꗾ뎡앶ꅁꭨ뗸결ꞹꗾ놵ꚬꅁ꣤낵ꩫ걏맯ꓨ멍룪ꅁ꣏ꛊ꓀꒧ꛊ앶ꞹꗾ결ꓨ꧒꣺녯ꅃ굙ꚬ쇊ꕢ볆ꕈꑗ앶ꅁ둎놱꣮앶ꑗꛓꢥꅁꗧ뗸결놵ꚬꅁ맯ꓨꚨꑀ귓ꅵꙘ룪ꗸ 14
띾ꅶꅁꣃꕂ맯꧳ꓨꛓꢥꅁ결ꑀꙨ볆Ꙙ룪ꅁ맯ꓨ쇶땍ꛛꚹ꒣ꙁ꣣ꚳ놱꣮앶ꅁ꒴땍뻖ꚳ곛럭땻ꯗꪺ뱶암ꑏꅃ굙ꕵ쇊뙒ꓖ볆앶ꅁꭨ때ꩫ꣺녯놱꣮앶ꅁ맯ꓨꗧ걏ꚨꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꅁꕵ걏맯꧳ꓨꛓꢥꅁꚨ결ꑀꓖ볆Ꙙ룪ꅆꛜ꧳Ꙙ꣖ꅁꭨ걏ꝑꗎꩫꯟꑗꪺꅵ랧걁꧓꣼ꅶ귬ꭨꅁ꣏Ꙩ깡꒽ꕱꙘ꣖결ꑀ깡ꅝ뗹2ꅞꅃ ꙢꙘ룪뭐냪믚Ꙙ룪ꓨ궱ꅁꙘ룪걏ꗑ꣢깡ꕈꑗꪺ꒽ꕱꙀꙐ돐덹ꑀ귓ꗸ띾엩ꅁꗑ덯깡ꅵꑬ꒽ꕱꅶ륅ꛦ롧샙겡냊ꛓ늣ꗍ롧샙ꚨꩇꅁꡃꑀꚨ귻뎣ꕄ냊냑뭐ꑬ꒽ꕱꪺꡍ떦뭐륂Ꝁꅁ굙뛈덑냊ꪺ뒣꣑끝냈룪ꅁꚹ뫘ꙘꝀ쏶ꭙꣃ꒣ꙢꙘ룪롧샧ꪺꥷ롱뵤돲ꅃꙘ룪롧샧ꕩꗑ볆깡꒽ꕱꙀꙐ뭳덹ꅂꙀꗎꙐꑀ롧빐덱룴ꅁꙀꗎ곣땯룪랽ꅃꙝꚹꙘ룪띾결꣢귓ꕈꑗ꒧ꩫꑈ뻷멣ꅝꗀ꒽ꕱꅞꅁ맯꧳ꑀꙀꙐ뻖ꚳ꒧뻷멣냑뭐ꡍ떦겡냊ꅁꚹꙀꙐ뻖ꚳ꒧맪엩뻷멣뿗꒧Ꙙ룪꒽ꕱꅃꙘ룪띾꙰ꚳꑀ귓ꗀ꒽ꕱ결껼ꕾ꒽ꕱꅁꭨꚹꙘ룪띾뫙결냪믚Ꙙ룪꒽ꕱꅝ뗹3ꅞꅃ 껚뻚ꕈꑗ꒧뷗굺ꅁꅵꙘ룪ꅶ꒧꧊뷨뭐꣤ꕌꙘꝀꓨꚡ굾늧ꅁ냟ꚳ싧뉍ꦼꚹ뚡꒧깴늧ꅁꑾ꿠맯Ꙙ룪ꚳꑀꧺ뵔ꪺꥷ롱ꅃꙘ룪꒧ꥷ롱ꛜ꒵꒴때ꑀ뵔꓁ꪺ럇ꭨꅁ싇ꗑ곛쏶ꓥ쑭맯Ꙙ룪ꑀ뗼꒧쓄굺ꅁꕩꕈ뽳놴ꕘꙘ룪꒧ꥷ롱ꕩ꿠ꗑ꧳곣ꡳꛒ뙱ꪺꢤꯗ꒣Ꙑꛓ늣ꗍ꒣ꑀ교ꪺ놡ꅃꖻ곣ꡳ꿷녎곛쏶뻇맯Ꙙ룪ꥷ롱꒧뷗굺Ꝁꑀ닎Ꙙ뻣뉺ꅁꗑꚹꭋꕩ뽳ꪾꙕ깡곝ꩫ꒧깴늧꧒Ꙣꅁ꙰ꫭ2-1꧒ꗜꅃ ꗑꑗ굺곣ꡳ맯Ꙙ룪ꥷ롱꒧쓄쓀ꕩꕈ땯뉻ꅁꙘ룪ꥷ롱ꛜ꒵ꣃ때ꧺ뵔ꪺ뮡ꩫꅁ놴ꡳ꣤귬ꙝ땯뉻ꅁ곣ꡳ맯Ꙙ룪ꪺ곝ꩫ꒧꧒ꕈ꓀ꅁꕩ꿠걏ꙝ결곣ꡳꖻꢭ꧒왛맮ꪺꢤꯗ꒣Ꙑꛓ뻉교곣ꡳ맯Ꙙ룪ꥷ롱꒧뷗굺늣ꗍ닶끊ꑀ걏ꪺ놡ꅃꙢ늳뮡꿉꿆ꪺ뮡ꩫ꒤ꅁ곣ꡳ꧒꯹ꪺ왛쉉꒣ꕾꕇꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꒧ꕘ룪ꓱ꣒Ꙩ맨ꅂ걏ꝟꚨꗟ띳귓엩ꅂꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ볆ꗘꅂ놱꣮앶Ꙁꚳꕈꗀ꒽ꕱ냑뭐ꡍ떦ꪺ뽮랥땻ꯗ떥꒭ꓨ궱ꅃꖻ곣ꡳ녎륌ꕨ곣ꡳ꧒꯹꒧왛쉉ꕛꕈ뻣뉺ꅁꙘ룪꒧ꥷ롱ꭋꕩ싇ꚹ꿟떸ꑀ뽳ꡳ뎺ꅁ꙰ꫭ2-2꧒ꗜꅃ 15
ꫭ2-1Ꙙ룪ꥷ롱 뻇 Ꙙ룪ꥷ롱 Boyleꅝ1968ꅞ Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾결꣢귓Ꙩ귓ꗀ꒽ꕱ꧒ꙀꙐ돐덹ꕘ꣓ꪺ닕슴맪엩ꅃ Burton and Saelens Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ냑뭐ꗀ꒽ꕱꅁꡃꑀꓨꕘ룪ꖲ뚷ꛜꓖꛊ꓀꒧ꑇꑑꅁꅝ1982ꅞ 굙낪꧳ꛊ꓀꒧ꑋꑑꝃ꧳ꛊ꓀꒧ꑇꑑꅁꭨꙘ룪쏶ꭙꣃ꒣ꧺ엣ꅃ Rootꅝ1988ꅞ Ꙙ룪결꣢귓닕슴꧓뿕뒣꣑룪랽꒩ꑀꗸ띾겡냊ꅁꣃꙀ룓ꗸ띾 엩ꪺ꧒ꚳ앶뭐ꝑ볭ꅁ뻖ꚳꕩꕈꙘꩫ뫞뉺ꚹ띾ꅁꣃꕂꙀꙐ꧓뻡ꙕ뫘궷쁉ꅃ Harriganꅝ1984ꅞ Ꙙ룪띾ꅝOperating JVsꅞ결꣢귓꣢귓ꕈꑗꪺ꒽ꕱ꧒돐덝ꪺꑀ띳띾엩ꅁꗎꕈ냵ꛦꗍ늣꧊롧샙겡냊ꪺꑀ뫘Ꙙ맙쏶ꭙꅁ룪ꪺ꒽ꕱꣃꕄ냊냑뭐ꡍ떦Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ샧륂ꅃ Killingꅝ1982ꅞ Ꙙ룪결꣢귓ꕈꑗꙘ맙ꑈꙀꙐ돐덹꒽ꕱꅁ싹ꓨ곒뻖ꚳ앶ꅁꙢ 뢳라꒤뻖ꚳꕎꫭ앶ꅃ Kogutꅝ1988ꅞ Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾결꣢귓꣢귓ꕈꑗꪺ꒽ꕱ떲Ꙙ꣤뎡꓀룪랽꧒ꙀꙐ ꚨꪺꑀꙘꩫ꒽ꕱꅁꦼꚹ맯Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꚳ꒣Ꙑ땻ꯗꪺ놱꣮앶ꅃ Tyebjeeꅝ1988ꅞ Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾결꣢귓ꗀ꒽ꕱ꧒닕ꚨ꒧띳ꗸ띾엩ꅁꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡결싹Ꙗ쏶ꭙꕂꡃꑀꓨꕘ룪ꛜꓖ뙗륌ꛊ꓀꒧꒭ꅃ Dobkinꅝ1988ꅞ Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾결ꑀꩫꥷ귓엩ꅁꗑ냑뭐Ꙙ룪ꙀꙐ뻖ꚳ뭐뫞뉺ꅁꡃꑀ귓Ꙙ룪냑뭐ꞡ꣣ꚳ꧒ꚳ앶뽮랥ꕄ냊ꪺ냑뭐뫞뉺ꅃ Geringerꅝ1989ꅞ Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾결꣢귓ꕈꑗ꒧Ꙙꩫ닕슴꧒닕ꚨꅁꡃꑀ귓ꗀ꒽ꕱꕄ냊 냑뭐룓띾엩ꪺꡍ떦겡냊ꅃ Osborn and Baoghn Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾결ꑀ띳ꪺꩫꥷ귓엩ꅁ꓀Ꙙ룪냑뭐꒧룪랽ꅁꕂ꓀ꅝ1990ꅞ 끴꧒ꚳ앶뭐놱꣮앶ꅃ Geringer and Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾결꣢귓ꕈꑗꪺ뽗ꗟꩫꑈ뻷멣ꅝꗀ꒽ꕱꅞꙀꙐ돐덝Hebertꅝ1991ꅞ ꪺꑀ띳귓엩ꅁꦼꚹꙀꙐ꓀룓귓엩ꪺ꧒ꚳꡍ떦겡냊ꅃ Ꝥꭃ꩑ꅝ1996ꅞ Ꙙ룪띾결꣢귓ꕈꑗ꒧ꩫꑈ뻷멣ꅝꗀ꒽ꕱꅞꅁ맯꧳ꑀꙀꙐ뻖ꚳ꒧뻷멣냑뭐ꡍ떦겡냊ꅁꚹꙀꙐ뻖ꚳ꒧맪엩뻷멣뿗꒧Ꙙ룪꒽ꕱꅃ 16
ꫭ2-2 Ꙙ룪ꥷ롱왛쉉꒧늧Ꙑ 왛쉉 냑뭐꒽ꕱ ꚨꗟ띳 앶ꓱ꣒ 놱꣮앶 냑뭐ꡍ떦 곣ꡳ 볆ꗘ 귓엩 Ꙁꚳ 땻ꯗ Boyleꅝ1968ꅞ ꎾ ꎾ Burton and Saelens ꎾ ꅝ1982ꅞ Rootꅝ1986ꅞ ꎾ ꎾ Harriganꅝ1986ꅞ ꎾ ꎾ ꎾ Killingꅝ1988ꅞ ꎾ ꎾ Kogutꅝ1988ꅞ ꎾ ꎾ ꎾ Tyebjeeꅝ1988ꅞ ꎾ ꎾ ꎾ Dobkinꅝ1988ꅞ ꎾ ꎾ ꎾ Geringerꅝ1989ꅞ ꎾ ꎾ ꎾ Osborn and Baoghn ꎾ ꎾ ꅝ1990ꅞ Geringer and Hebert ꎾ ꎾ ꎾ ꅝ1991ꅞ Ꝥꭃ꩑ꅝ1996ꅞ ꎾ ꎾ ꎾ Ꙣ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꥷ롱ꓨ궱ꅁꙘ룪뭐냪믚Ꙙ룪꒧깴ꝏꅁꕄ굮Ꙣ꧳Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꙰ꚳꑀ귓ꗀ꒽ꕱ결껼ꕾ꒽ꕱꅁꭨꚹꙘ룪띾뫙결냪믚Ꙙ룪꒽ꕱꅝꝤꭃ꩑, 1996ꅞꅁ걏Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾Ꙣꑀ냪ꕈꑗ뙩ꛦ륂Ꝁꅁꗧ뫙결냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꅝShenkar and Zeira, 1987ꅞꅁꖻ곣ꡳ꿷녎곣ꡳ맯꧳냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꥷ롱꒧쓄쓀뻣뉺꙰ꫭ2-3ꅇ ꖻ곣ꡳ냑끵ꑗ굺냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒧ꥷ롱ꅁꙐ껉냲꧳곣ꡳꑗ꒧ꛒ뙱ꅁꖻ곣ꡳ뭻결냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾결꣢귓꣢귓ꕈꑗꪺ뽗ꗟꩫꑈ뻷멣ꅝꗀ꒽ꕱꅞ꧒ꙀꙐ돐덝ꪺꑀ띳귓엩ꅁꣃꕂ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒤ꛜꓖꚳꑀꓨꪺꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꅁ셠뎡덝꧳룓냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒧꧒Ꙣꙡ맒ꕾꅃꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뻖ꚳꚹ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꛊ꓀꒧꒭ꕈꑗꪺ앶ꅁꣃꕂꕄ냊냑뭐ꡍ떦꒧꣮ꥷꥍ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ샧륂ꅃ 17
ꫭ2-3 냪믚Ꙙ룪ꥷ롱 뻇 냪믚Ꙙ룪ꥷ롱 Raveedꅝ1980ꅞ Ꙩ냪Ꙙ룪ꅝmultinational JVsꅞꑄ걏ꗑ꣢귓Ꙩ귓꓀쓝꒣Ꙑ 냪쑹ꪺ꒽ꕱꅁ결ꑆ샲ꝑꗘꪺ꧒돐덝꒧띾엩ꅁꛓꕂꡃꑀꗀ ꒽ꕱ곒뒤ꚳꙘ룪꒽ꕱꪺ앶ꡍ떦앶ꅁꣃꕂꙀꙐ꓀앵궷쁉ꅃ Shenkar and Zeira냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾결돦ꑀꩫꥷ닕슴귓엩ꅁꗑ꣢귓꣢귓ꕈꑗꪺꅝ1987ꅞ ꗀ꒽ꕱ꧒Ꙁꚳꅁꛜꓖꚳꑀ귓ꗀ꒽ꕱꪺ셠뎡ꛬ꧳룓Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꧒Ꙣꙡ맒ꕾꅁ걏ꚹꙘ룪ꗸ띾Ꙣꑀ냪ꕈꑗ뙩ꛦ륂Ꝁꅃ Geringer and Hebert굙Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒤ꛜꓖꚳꑀꓨꪺ냑뭐ꗀ꒽ꕱꅁ셠뎡덝꧳룓Ꙙ룪ꅝ1989ꅞ ꑬ꒽ꕱ꒧꧒Ꙣꙡ맒ꕾꅁꝙ뫙결냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꅃ 쇂ꓥ뎶ꅝ1992ꅞ 냪믚Ꙙ룪ꑄꗑ꣢귓ꩫꑈ뻷멣꧒ꙀꙐꕘ룪냑뭐롧샧ꪺ뽗ꗟ띾엩ꅁ꣤꒤ꚳꑀ냑뭐꒽ꕱꪺ셠뎡ꛬ꧳Ꙙ룪띾꧒Ꙣꙡꕈꕾ꒧냪깡ꅃ ꩌ쑒깓ꅝ1995ꅞ 냪믚Ꙙ룪ꑄꗑ꣢귓꣢귓ꕈꑗꪺ꒽ꕱ꧒ꙀꙐ룪ꅁꙢ덯룪꒧꒤ꅁꛜꓖꚳꑀ꒽ꕱꪺ셠뎡ꛬ꧳Ꙙ룪띾꧒Ꙣꙡꕈꕾꪺ냪깡ꅁꣃꕂꛜꓖ꣢귓꒣Ꙑ냪쑹ꪺꗀ꒽ꕱ뻖ꚳꚹ냪믚띾ꛊ꓀꒧꒭ꕈꑗꪺ앶ꅃ Ꝥꭃ꩑ꅝ1996ꅞ Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꙰ꚳꑀ귓ꗀ꒽ꕱ결껼ꕾ꒽ꕱꅁꭨꚹꙘ룪띾뫙결냪믚Ꙙ룪꒽ꕱꅃ 뙌ꅂꙘ룪ꪺꮬꚡ ꖻ곣ꡳꙞ압륌ꕨ냪믚Ꙙ룪곛쏶ꓥ쑭ꅁ곣ꡳ맯꧳Ꙙ룪ꪺꮬꚡ곝ꩫ꒣ꑀꅁꕄ굮귬ꙝꙢ꧳곣ꡳ꧒꯹ꪺ왛쉉꒣Ꙑꅁ꧒ꕈ맯Ꙙ룪쏾ꮬ늣ꗍ꒣Ꙑꪺ쓄굺ꅃꙘ룪쏾ꮬꪺ냏꓀ꓨꚡꅁ꒣ꕾꕇꕈꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꙢꡍ떦ꑗ꧒면ꪺꢤꛢꅂ놱꣮땻ꯗꅂ떦늤냊뻷ꅂꛦ띾곛쏶땻ꯗꅂ앶ꓱ꣒떥꒭뫘ꓨꚡꕛꕈ냏꓀ꅝ뗹4ꅞꅁꖻ곣ꡳ꿷녎곛쏶ꪺꙘ룪쏾ꮬꕛꕈ뻣뉺ꅁ꙰ꫭ2-4꧒ꗜꅃ 껚뻚ꕈꑗꙘ룪쏾ꮬ꒧뷗굺ꅁꙐ껉냲꧳곣ꡳꑗ꒧ꛒ뙱ꅁꖻ곣ꡳꕈꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꙢꡍ떦ꑗ꧒면ꪺꢤꛢꅁ녎Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꓀결ꑔ뫘ꮬ멁ꅁꝙꗀ꒽ꕱꕄ뻉Ꙙ룪ꅂꙀꙐ뫞뉺Ꙙ룪ꅂ뽗ꗟꛛꕄꙘ룪ꅁꚹ꓀쏾ꓨꚡ뭐Killingꅝ1983ꅞ곛Ꙑꅃ 18
ꫭ2-4 Ꙙ룪쏾ꮬ 곣ꡳ 냏꓀ꓨꚡ Ꙙ룪쏾ꮬ Killingꅝ1982ꅞ ꡍ떦꣮ꥷ 냑뭐꒽ꕱꕄ뻉Ꙙ룪ꅝDominant Partners JVꅞ ꙀꙐ뫞뉺Ꙙ룪ꅝShared Management JVꅞ 뽗ꗟꛛꕄꙘ룪ꅝIndependent JVꅞ Rootꅝ1988ꅞ 놱꣮땻ꯗ 깺뛕놱꣮Ꙙ룪ꅝWeak Control JVꅞ Ꙁ놱꣮Ꙙ룪ꅝShared Control JVꅞ 녪뛕놱꣮Ꙙ룪ꅝStrong Control JVꅞ Hennartꅝ1988ꅞ 떦늤냊뻷 덗볒Ꙙ룪ꅝScale JVꅞ 덳떲Ꙙ룪ꅝLink JVꅞ Herzfeldꅝ1989ꅞꛦ띾곛쏶땻ꯗ 뻮ꙖꙘ룪ꅝHorizontal JVꅞ 셡ꙖꙘ룪ꅝVertical JVꅞ 룳ꛦ띾Ꙙ룪ꅝConglomerate JVꅞ Ꝥꭃ꩑ꅝ1996ꅞ 앶ꓱ꣒ Ꙩ볆앶ꅝMajority JVꅞ ꓖ볆앶ꅝMinority JVꅞ ꖭ떥앶ꅝEquality JVꅞ 19
닄ꑇ론 냪믚Ꙙ룪ꪺ뉺뷗냲슦 돼ꅂꗦ꧶ꚨꖻ뉺뷗 ꗦ꧶ꚨꖻ뉺뷗꒧뷗쉉ꕄ굮걏뗛궫Ꙣ롧샙궱띎뉛ꅁꗦ꧶ꚨꖻ뉺뷗돌ꫬ걏ꗎꕈ룑쓀ꗸ띾녯ꕈꗍ꙳ꪺ뉺ꗑꅁ꒧ꯡꚨ결뻷멣롧샙뻇꒧뉺뷗냲슦ꅝCoase, 1937ꅞꅃ껚뻚ꗦ꧶ꚨꖻ뉺뷗왛쉉ꅁ굙ꗍ늣ꚨꖻ낪꧳ꗦ꧶ꚨꖻꅁꭨ뱴냓ꭋ꣬ꖫ돵뙩ꛦꗦ꧶ꅆ굙걏ꗍ늣ꚨꖻꝃ꧳ꗦ꧶ꚨꖻꅁꭨꕈ닕슴꒺뎡뱨꿅떲멣ꪺ덝군듀ꕎꅁꕈ랥ꑰ꓆ꗍ늣ꗦ꧶ꚨꖻ꒧ꥍ꣓뿯뻜돌ꚳ껄뉶ꪺꗦ꧶뻷꣮ꅝWilliamson, 1975ꅞꅃꙝꚹꗦ꧶ꚨꖻ뉺뷗꧒녪뷕ꪺ걏ꅁ꣏ꗍ늣ꗦ꧶ꚨꖻ궰ꛜ돌ꝃꅁ쇗ꝋꙢꗦ꧶껉ꅁꙝ룪늣꽓껭꧊낪ꛓ뱗ꕛ늾신ꚨꖻꅁ뙩ꛓ땯ꗍꓖ볆쒳믹ꪺ놡ꅃꗸ띾ꕩꕈ륂ꗎꙘ룪ꓨꚡꅁ낣ꑆ꣏Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ곒ꕩꚳ룪늣ꪺ꣏ꗎ놱꣮앶돑빬믹귈ꅁꑓ꿠궰ꝃ뻷ꛦ결ꕈ뵔ꭏ셚껄ꓴ럇ꅝKogut, 1998ꅞꅃ 럭ꗸ띾Ꙣ뙩ꑊ냪ꕾꖫ돵ꫬ듁ꅁꕩ꿠맯럭ꙡ샴맒꿊ꕆꑆ룑ꅁ럭ꙡ뱴냓맯럭ꙡ샴맒뻖ꚳ룻싗둉ꪺꪾ쏑ꅁꚹ뫘때ꪾ쏑꒧꣺녯꣣ꚳꯜ낪ꪺꗦ꧶ꚨꖻꅁꗸ띾라꣏ꗎ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꓨꚡ꣓덶ꡂ샲녯ꚹ쏾ꪾ쏑ꅁ꧒ꕈꗸ띾ꪺ룪늣녍쓝꧊땻ꯗ낪ꪺ놡ꩰꑕꅁ돌빁Ꙙ뇄ꗎꙘ룪ꪺꓨꚡꅃ룪늣녍쓝꧊걏ꅁ룪늣Ꙣ걙꽓ꥷꗦ꧶ꑗ꧒늣ꗍꪺ믹귈ꑪ꧳꣤룪늣ꗎ꧳꣤ꕌꗎ덂ꅝHennart, 1991ꅞꅃꗑꚹꕩꪾꅁ녍쓝꧊룪늣Ꙣ늾신껉ꚳꯜ낪ꪺꗦ꧶ꚨꖻꅁ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꓨꚡ맯꧳녍쓝꧊룪늣ꪺ늾신ꚳ랥꣎ꪺ껄뉶ꅁ꧒ꕈ결ꑆ궰ꝃꗦ꧶ꚨꖻꅁꕈ앶결냲슦ꪺ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꑾ라결ꗸ띾꧒놵꣼ꅝHennart, 1991aꅞꅃ롧ꗑꕈꑗ꧒굺ꅁ굙걏ꕈꗦ꧶ꚨꖻ뉺뷗왛쉉꣓곝냪믚Ꙙ룪ꪺꚨꅁ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꝙ결ꖫ돵꒣ꞹꗾꑕ꧒뿯뻜꒧ꗦ꧶ꓨꚡꅁ싇ꚹ궰ꝃꗦ꧶ꚨꖻꅝWilliamson, 1991ꅞꅃ 20
뙌ꅂ떦늤ꛦ결뉺뷗 떦늤ꛦ결뉺뷗꒧뷗쉉ꕄ굮걏뗛궫Ꙣ떦늤궱띎뉛ꅁꗧꝙꗸ띾꒧떦늤ꛦ결라뱶암ꗸ띾꒧쑶ꪧꙡꛬꅃ녱떦늤궱왛꒧ꅁ닕슴ꪺ닕ꚨꮬ멁ꖲ뚷ꕩꕈ녪꓆ꗸ띾ꪺ쑶ꪧꙡꛬꅁꣃꕂ녱ꛓ샲녯돌ꑪꝑ꽱ꅃꙝꚹ굙ꕈ떦늤ꛦ결뉺뷗왛쉉룑쓀Ꙙ룪꒧ꚨꅁ꣤ꚨꙝꚳ꣤떦늤꧊띎뉛ꅁꕩ꿠걏결ꑆ덹ꚨ뙩ꑊ믙쎪ꭤ깺쑶ꪧ꒧쑶ꪧꙡꛬꅁ싇ꚹ녪꓆ꖻꢭ꒧쑶ꪧꙡꛬ꧒ꚨꪺꙘꝀꓨꚡꅁꚹ뭐ꗦ꧶ꚨꖻ뉺뷗꒧롧샙궱왛쉉꒣Ꙑꅁ꣢걏꒬룉ꛓꭄ듀ꕎ쏶ꭙꅝKogut, 1988ꅞꅝ뗹5ꅞꅃꗑꚹ뇀뷗ꅁꙘ룪꒧ꚨꕩ꿠ꚳ꣤ꢾ뽭꒧띎ꣽꅁ싇ꗑ냑뭐ꦼꚹ곛꒬ꙘꝀꅁ궰ꝃꦼꚹ꧒궱셻꒧ꕾꙢ샴맒궷쁉ꅝVernon, 1983ꅞꅃ 냑ꅂ닕슴뻇닟뉺뷗 닕슴뻇닟뉺뷗꒧뷗쉉ꕄ굮걏뗛궫Ꙣꛦ결궱띎뉛ꅁ뭻결닕슴ꪺ닕ꚨꮬ멁ꅁꕩꕈꭐ뙩ꗸ띾ꪺ뻇닟ꅁ꧒ꕈ굙ꕈ닕슴뻇닟뉺뷗왛쉉룑쓀Ꙙ룪꒧ꚨꅁ꣤ꚨꙝꚳ꣤ꛦ결궱띎뉛ꅁꙘ룪ꕩ꿠걏ꗸ띾뻇닟꧒ꓭ꿊꒧ꪾ쏑덎ꪺ덾깼ꅁꓗ꣤때ꪾ쏑덱녠꒣꧶늾신ꅁꙘ룪맯꧳때ꪾ쏑ꪺ늾신ꚳ랥꣎ꪺ껄뉶ꅁ꧒ꕈꗸ띾결ꑆ뻇닟ꚹ쏾ꪾ쏑덎ꅁ덱녠ꕈꙘ룪ꓨꚡ꣓륆ꚨꗘꪺꅝKogut, 1988ꅞꅃꗑꚹꕩꪾꅁꙘ룪걏뒣꣑ꦼꚹ곛꒬뻇닟ꣃ녎맯ꓨ꧒뻖ꚳ꒧덎꒺뎡꓆ꪺ돌꣎ꓨꚡꅝHamel, 1991ꅞꅃ 롶ꅂ룪랽꒬뿠뉺뷗 룪랽꒬뿠뉺뷗ꕄ굮걏녪뷕ꗸ띾꧒궱셻ꪺ샴맒걏Ꙩ엜ꪺꕂ궷쁉꧊낪ꅁꗸ띾꒧ꛦ냊뭐ꗘ볐ꕩ꿠꣼궭꧳걙놡맒ꅁ곆쏶ꭙ꣬ꗸ띾꒧꙳쓲ꅁꙝꚹꗸ띾ꖲ뚷뇄꣺걙떦늤꣏ꗸ띾녯ꕈꗃ쓲롧샧ꅃꗸ띾뚡ꪺ덳떲ꭋ걏ꑀ뫘ꕩꛦ떦늤ꅁ꣤ꓨꚡꕝ걁뢳라ꪺ떲Ꙙꅂꗸ띾뚡ꑈ귻ꪺ뷕냊ꅂ땯깩ꮴ곹ꮬꚡꭄꮴ곹ꮬꚡꕈꯘꗟ덳떲쏶ꭙꅝThompson and Mcewn, 1958ꅞꅃꗑꚹꕩꪾꅁꙘ룪ꪺ 21
ꚨꭋ걏결ꑆ륆ꚨ룪랽꒬뿠ꛓꯘꗟꪺꑀ뫘덳떲쏶ꭙꅝNowak, 1976ꅞꅝ뗹6ꅞꅃ ꗮꅂ뷍Ꝑꑏ뉺뷗 뷍Ꝑꑏ뉺뷗ꕄ굮걏녪뷕ꗸ띾녱껼ꕾ룪꧒뿯뻜꒧ꓨꚡꅁꣃ꒣걏ꗸ띾ꖻꢭ꧒꿠ꡍꥷꪺꅁꗧꝙꙢ껼ꕾꑬ꒽ꕱꪺ앶떲멣ꅁꕩ꿠ꙝ결럭ꙡ걆ꦲꙢ걙롧샙ꑗ걆ꩶꑗꪺꛒ뙱ꛓꚳ꧒궭꣮ꅁꚹ껉ꗸ띾ꖲ뚷뭐럭ꙡ걆ꦲ뷍Ꝑꕈꪧ꣺돌낪ꪺ앶ꓱ꣒ꅃ뻖ꚳ앶ꓱ꣒ꪺꙨ맨ꡍꥷ꧳뷍Ꝑꑏꪺ녪깺ꅁ굙ꗸ띾ꪺ뷍Ꝑꑏ띕녪ꅁ꧒녯꣬ꪺ앶ꓱ꣒띕낪ꅁꙝꚹꗸ띾ꖲ뚷뻖ꚳ낪믹귈ꪺ뷍Ꝑ쑷뵘ꅁ궢꣏럭ꙡ걆ꦲ엽ꡂꅁ꧒ꕈꙘ룪ꪺꚨꝙ걏껸랥ꪺꡍꥷ꧳ꥍ럭ꙡ걆ꦲ뷍Ꝑꯡꪺ떲ꩇꅝGomes-Casseres, 1990ꅞꅃꗑꚹꕩꪾꅁꙘ룪ꪺꚨꕩ꿠걏ꙝ결럭ꙡ걆ꦲꪺꩫꕏ궭꣮뮡ꩁꅁꓗ꣤Ꙣ뙽땯꒤냪깡ꅁꕾ꣓ꗸ띾ꑪꙨ꣼궭꧳럭ꙡ걆ꦲꪺ뫞꣮ꛓꕈꙘ룪ꓨꚡ맯ꕾ룪ꅝTomlinson, 1970ꅆGullander, 1976ꅆJanger, 1980ꅆBeamish, 1985ꅞꅃ 뫮왛ꕈꑗ꒧뷗굺땯뉻ꅁ곣ꡳ걏롧ꗑ꒣Ꙑꪺ궱Ꙗ꣓룑쓀Ꙙ룪ꚨꪺ귬ꙝꅁꕝ걁ꗦ꧶ꚨꖻ뉺뷗ꅂ떦늤ꛦ결뉺뷗ꅂ닕슴뻇닟뉺뷗ꅂ룪랽꒬뿠뉺뷗뷍Ꝑꑏ뉺뷗ꅁꖻ곣ꡳ꿷녎곛쏶꒧뉺뷗뻣뉺꙰ꑕꅇ ꫭ2-5 Ꙙ룪꒧ꚨꙝ 뉺뷗왛쉉 Ꙙ룪ꚨꙝ 곛쏶뻇 ꗦ꧶ꚨꖻ왛쉉 Ꙙ룪걏ꭐ뙩ꪾ쏑덎늾신ꪺꚳ껄Coaseꅝ1937ꅞꅂWilliamsonꓨꚡꅁꕩ궰ꝃꗦ꧶ꚨꖻꅃ ꅝ1975ꅂ1991ꅞꅂKogutꅝ1988ꅞꅂHennartꅝ1991aꅂ1991bꅞ 떦늤ꛦ결왛쉉 Ꙙ룪ꕩꭤ깺쑶ꪧ꒧쑶ꪧꙡꛬꛓ녪Vernonꅝ1983ꅞꅂKogutꅝ1988ꅞ ꓆ꖻꢭ꒧쑶ꪧꛬ뛕ꅁ꣣ꢾ뽭꒧띎ꣽꅃ 닕슴뻇닟왛쉉 Ꙙ룪걏뒣꣑ꦼꚹ곛꒬뻇닟ꣃ녎맯ꓨKogutꅝ1988ꅞꅂHamelꅝ1991ꅞ ꧒뻖ꚳ꒧덎꒺뎡꓆ꪺ돌꣎ꓨꚡꅃ 룪랽꒬뿠왛쉉 Ꙙ룪걏결ꑆ궰ꝃꕾꙢ샴맒궷쁉ꅁ꣏ꗸThompson and Mcewnꅝ1958ꅞ 띾녯ꕈꗃ쓲롧샧ꅃ ꅂNowakꅝ1976ꅞ 뷍Ꝑꑏ왛쉉 Ꙙ룪ꚨ걏ꙝ결럭ꙡ걆ꦲꪺꩫꕏ궭Tomlinsonꅝ1970ꅞꅂGullander꣮뮡ꩁꅁꛓ룳냪ꗸ띾뷍Ꝑꑏꪺ녪깺ꅝ1976ꅞꅂJangerꅝ1980ꅞꅂ걏뻖ꚳ앶Ꙩ맨꒧쏶쇤ꅃ Beamishꅝ1985ꅞ 22
닄ꑔ론 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧쏶ꭙ 냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾걏냑뭐싹ꓨꙀꙐꚨꗟꪺ귓엩ꅁ싇ꗑꦼꚹ뚡ꪺ곛꒬ꙘꝀ륆꣬멉룉땵ꪺꗘꪺꅁꣃꕂ롧ꗑꦼꚹ뚡ꪺ꒬냊ꗦ걹ꙀꙐ륆ꚨ닕슴ꗘ볐ꅃꙝꚹꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦꣮ꥷꑗꖲ뚷뇄꣺뽮랥ꕄ냊ꪺꢤꛢꅁ꒣걏뛈뛈뒣꣑끝냈룪랽ꅁ꒣ꑊꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦뭐륂ꝀꅝHarrigan, 1984ꅞꅃ Ꙣ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡롧녠ꕘ뉻랾덱꒣ꅂꦼꚹ띎ꢣ꒣ꑀ교ꛓ때ꩫ륆ꚨꙀ쏑ꪺ놡ꅁꟳ곆뻉교ꙘꝀ쏶ꭙ꽽뗵ꅆ걏롧녠땯ꗍ돦ꓨ륌꧳뽗뗴ꅁꙢꡍ떦꣮ꥷꑗ뻖엳ꕄ뻉앶ꅁꦿ뗸꣤ꕌꚨ귻띎ꢣꪺ뇄꿇ꅁꗧ깥꧶떲ꟴꙘꝀ쏶ꭙꅃꖻ곣ꡳ뇀뷗ꑗ굺놡ꪺ땯ꗍꅁꕩ꿠귬ꙝ결싹ꓨꙢꙘꝀ꒧ꭥꅁꑷ롧꙳Ꙣ걙뇸ꗳꑗꪺ깴늧꧊ꅁꚹꗽꓑꑗꪺ뇸ꗳ궭꣮ꝙ결뱶암Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡꣺녯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧ꡍꥷꙝ꿀ꅁꟳꕩ꿠걏뻉교ꙘꝀ쏶ꭙ꽽뗵ꪺ껚ꖻ귬ꙝꅃꖻ곣ꡳ룕맏녱냪믚Ꙙ룪곛쏶ꓥ쑭ꑗꅁꕝ걁냪믚Ꙙ룪냊뻷ꅂꙘ룪맙꛱ꪺ뿯뻜ꅂ냪믚Ꙙ룪놱꣮뭐뷄곰ꅁ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꪺ쎭ꥷ꧊뭐셚껄떥곛쏶ꓥ쑭꒤ꅁ놴끑뱶암Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꣺녯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧ꙝ꿀ꅁ곆ꛜ쏶Ꙙ룪ꚨ뇑ꪺꖻ랽ꅃ 돼ꅂ냪믚Ꙙ룪뷄곰ꅂ쎭ꥷ꧊ꅂꙘ룪셚껄꒬냊쏶ꭙ꒧뱶암ꙝ꿀 냪믚Ꙙ룪뷄곰ꓨ궱ꅁ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾뷄곰땻ꯗꪺ뱶암ꙝ꿀ꕝ걁ꅁꓥ꓆깴늧ꅂ샧띾믢냬깴늧ꅂꗘ볐꒣ꑀ교Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡꒧ꗴ냈꒬뿠뭐앶ꑏ꒣ꖭ뿅떥ꙝ꿀ꅃꕈꑗꙝ꿀걏Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡뷄곰ꪺ꣓랽ꅆ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾쎭ꥷ꧊ꓨ궱ꅁ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾쎭ꥷ꧊ꪺ뱶암ꙝ꿀ꕝ걁ꅁꓥ꓆ꑗ뭐랾덱ꣳ뷕ꪺ깴늧ꅂꓥ꓆깴늧ꅂ덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧ꅂ롧샧ꗘ볐ꑀ교꧊뭐꒬룉꧊ꅂ돦ꓨ꒧뿠땻ꯗ곛쏶냪믚Ꙙ룪롧엧떥ꙝ꿀ꅃꕈꑗꙝ꿀녎뱶암Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ쎭ꥷ꧊ꅆ냪믚Ꙙ룪셚껄ꓨ궱ꅁ냪믚Ꙙ룪셚껄ꪺ뱶암ꙝ꿀ꕝ걁ꅁꓥ꓆ꪺ깴늧ꅂ덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧륌 23
ꕨꙮ쏶ꭙ떥ꙝ꿀ꅃꕈꑗꙝ꿀녎뱶암냪믚Ꙙ룪셚껄ꅃꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡꒬냊쏶ꭙꓨ궱ꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡꒬냊쏶ꭙꪺ뱶암ꙝ꿀ꕝ걁ꅁꗦ꧶쏾ꮬꅂ앶떲멣ꅂ앶엜ꚸ볆ꅂꙘ룪꙾볆믢냬곛꧊떥ꙝ꿀ꅃꕈꑗꙝ꿀녎라뱶암ꦼꚹ뚡ꪺ꒬냊ꅃꚹꕾꅁꗑ꧳Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡Ꙣ덜Ꙩ멣궱ꪺ깴늧ꅁ녎뱶암Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡궫굮ꡍ떦꒧꣮ꥷꅁ꣤멣궱ꕝ걁냑뭐꒽ꕱ볆ꗘꅂ샧륂ꗘ볐ꅂꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ굉뒺ꅂ꧒ꚳ앶꓀끴놡ꅂ놱꣮Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ땻ꯗꅂ덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧ꅂꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꪺꭈ앁ꅂꙘ룪ꗸ띾뭐Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡룪랽ꪺ걹ꙖꅂꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꪺ냪믚꓆뻉Ꙗꑈꑏ룪랽걆떦떥ꙝ꿀ꅃ롧ꗑꕈꑗ꒧놴끑ꅁꖻ곣ꡳ꿷녎ꙕ멣궱곛쏶뱶암ꙝ꿀꒧곛쏶ꓥ쑭뻣뉺꙰ꫭ???ꅇ? 뙌ꅂ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧ꡍꥷꙝ꿀 냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦꒧꣮ꥷꅁꕩ롧ꗑ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾뫞뉺ꑈ꣮ꥷꡍ떦ꅂ돦뽗ꗑ냑뭐ꪺꑀꓨ꣮ꥷꡍ떦걏Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꙀꙐ꣮ꥷꡍ떦ꅝ뗹7ꅞꅃ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾녠ꢣꪺꡍ떦ꓨꚡꅁ걏싇ꗑ싹ꓨꙢꙘ룪ꮴ곹꒤ꅁ곹ꥷꙕꓨ꧒ꪺ앶ꓱ꣒ꅁꣃꡍꥷ싹ꓨ꒧뢳깵ꚸꅁ뢳맯꧳냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒧ꡍ떦꣮ꥷ뻖ꚳꫭꡍ앶ꅝ뗹8ꅞꅃ Ꙣ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꚨꗟ꒧ꭥꅁ덱녠맯꧳ꑀ꿫뫞뉺ꡍ떦뭐뫲ꯦ뚵꒧ꡍ떦ꅝ궫ꑪ뚵ꅞꪺꡍ떦ꡍ떦ꓨꚡ곒ꚳꧺ뵔ꪺ덗ꥷꅃꙢ룳냪Ꙙ룪ꑗꅁꕾ꣓ꗸ띾롧녠ꙝ결럭ꙡꩫꕏ꒧궭꣮ꛓ때ꩫ꣺녯Ꙩ볆ꙡꛬꅁꕾ냓결ꑆ둸뒤롧샧앶ꅁꖲ믝굮ꡄꙢꮴ곹꒤룼ꧺꕾ냓뻖ꚳ꒧앶ꑏ뵤돲ꅁ꣒꙰롧샧앶쉫ꕾ냓ꅁꗑꕾ냓ꥷ뢳셠롧뉺ꅁꣃ뒣낪ꑀ꿫뚵ꡍ쒳ꪺꫭꡍ앶ꅝ뗹9ꅞꅃ뺨뫞꙰ꚹꅁꗑ꧳꣼궭꧳럭ꙡ걆ꦲꪺꩫꕏ궭꣮ꅁꕾ냓덱녠꧳곛맯ꓖ볆ꅁꙢ뢳라냵ꛦꑀ꿫뚵꒧ꡍ쒳껉ꅁꙝ결뢳깵ꚸꓖꅁ룻때ꕩ꿠ꖪꕫꡍ떦꒧꣮ꥷꅁ냟ꚳꙢ뫲ꯦ뚵ꅝ궫ꑪ뚵ꅞ꒧ꡍ떦껉ꅁꑾ깥덜꧳곛맯ꓖ볆ꅁꙢꩆ라뻖ꚳꝟꡍ앶ꅁ싇ꚹꕈꭏ믙ꖻꢭ앶꽱ꅝ뗹10ꅞꅃ껚뻚ꕈꑗ꒧뷗굺ꅁ 24
Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦ꕄ뻉앶결꛳꧒ꚳꅁꡍꥷ꧳Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꧒뻖ꚳ꒧앶Ꙩ맨ꅁ굙ꗀ꒽ꕱ꧳곛맯Ꙩ볆ꅁꭨꙢ뢳라ꩆ라꒧뢳깵ꚸꑪꙨ볆ꅁꭋꕩꕄ뻉ꡍ떦꒧꣮ꥷꅃꙝꚹꚳ덜Ꙩ곛쏶곣ꡳꕘꅁ앶Ꙩ맨뭐놱꣮꒧뚡꣣ꚳ녪꽐ꪺ쏶셰꧊ꅝKilling, 1982ꅆDavidson, 1982ꅆRoot, 1983ꅆChild, 1995ꅞꅃ ꫭ2-6 냪믚Ꙙ룪ꙕ멣궱뱶암ꙝ꿀꒧곛쏶ꓥ쑭 뱶암ꙝ꿀 곣ꡳ 냪ꓥ꓆깴늧 Wrightꅝ1977ꅞꅂPeterson and Shimada믚ꅝ1978ꅞꅂKogutꅝ1988ꅞ Ꙙ샧륂믢냬깴늧 Killingꅝ1982ꅞꅂHarriganꅝ1984ꅞ 룪샧륂ꗘ볐꒣맯뫙 Habibꅝ1983ꅞꅂHarriganꅝ1984ꅞ 뷄ꗴ냈꒬뿠뭐앶ꑏ꒣ꖭ뿅 Awadziꅝ1987ꅞ 곰 냪ꓥ꓆깴늧 Hofstedeꅝ1980ꅞꅂBeamish and Banks믚ꅝ1987ꅞꅂAnderson and Weitzꅝ1989ꅞ Ꙙ덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧 Danielsꅝ1971ꅞ 룪 싹ꓨ롧샧ꗘ볐ꑗꪺ깴늧 Killingꅝ1982ꅞ 쎭뿠땻ꯗꪺ깴늧 Harriganꅝ1984ꅞ ꥷꓥ꓆ꑗ뭐랾덱ꣳ뷕ꪺ깴늧 Rugman and Verbekeꅝ1989ꅞꅂ썥ꚰ?꧊ ꅝ1994ꅞ 냪믚Ꙙ룪롧엧 Gomes-Casseresꅝ1987ꅞ 냪ꓥ꓆깴늧 Simiarꅝ1983ꅞꅂDattaꅝ1988ꅞ 믚Ꙙ덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧 Harriganꅝ1988ꅞꅂLane and Beamish룪ꅝ1990ꅞꅂꝤ닟ꓥꅝ1993ꅞ 셚껄Ꙙ룪ꭥꚳ때ꙘꝀ쏶ꭙ Tomlinsonꅝ1970ꅞꅂAwadziꅝ1987ꅞ 냑냑뭐꒽ꕱ볆ꗘꅂ샧륂ꗘ볐ꅂ냑뭐꒽Shenkar and Zeiraꅝ1987ꅞ 뭐ꕱ굉뒺ꅂ꧒ꚳ앶꓀끴놡ꅂ놱꣮Ꙙ꒽룪ꗸ띾ꪺ땻ꯗꅂ덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧ꅂ냑ꕱ뭐꒽ꕱꪺꭈ앁ꅂꙘ룪ꗸ띾뭐냑뭐꒽뚡ꕱ뚡룪랽ꪺ걹Ꙗꅂ냑뭐꒽ꕱꪺ냪믚꒬꓆뻉Ꙗꑈꑏ룪랽걆떦 냊ꗦ꧶쏾ꮬꅂ앶떲멣ꅂ앶엜ꚸ쇂ꓥ뎶ꅝ1991ꅞ 쏶볆ꅂꙘ룪꙾볆믢냬곛꧊ ꭙ 25
냪믚Ꙙ룪ꪺ냊뻷 Friedmann and Kalmanoffꅝ1961ꅞ Beamishꅝ1985ꅞ Tomlinsonꅝ1970ꅞ Harriganꅝ1988ꅞ Gullanderꅝ1976ꅞ T y e bjeeꅝ1988ꅞ Pfeffer and Nowakꅝ1976ꅞ K o g u t a nd Singhꅝ1988ꅞ Jangerꅝ1980ꅞ C o n tractor and Lorange ꅝ1988ꅞ Fergusonꅝ1981ꅞ G o m es-Casseresꅝ1990ꅞ Vernonꅝ1983ꅞ K og u tꅝ1990ꅞ Diamaggio & Powellꅝ1983ꅞ H e n n r tꅝ1991ꅞ Ꙙ맙맙꛱뿯뻜/꽓뱸 놱꣮/뷄곰 Tomlinsonꅝ1970ꅞ Tomlinsonꅝ1970ꅞ Dannielsꅝ1971ꅞ Peterson and Shwind ꅝ1977ꅞ Adler and Hlavacekꅝ1976ꅞ Killingꅝ1982ꅞ Burton and Saelensꅝ1982ꅞ Schaanꅝ1983ꅞ Beamishꅝ1985ꅞ Beamishꅝ1985ꅞ Awadziꅝ1987ꅞ Geringer and Hebertꅝ1989ꅞ Hariganꅝ1988ꅞ Hennartꅝ1991ꅞ Brown,Rugman, and VerbekeWrightꅝ1997ꅞ ꅝ1989ꅞ Blodgettꅝ1990ꅞ Contractorꅝ1990ꅞ Geringerꅝ1990ꅞ Luoꅝ1997ꅞ 냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾쎭ꥷ꧊/셚껄 Frankoꅝ1971ꅞ Kogutꅝ1988ꅞ Stopford and Wellsꅝ1972ꅞ Dattaꅝ1988ꅞ Simiarꅝ1983ꅞ Anderson and Weitzꅝ1989ꅞ Beamishꅝ1985ꅞ Rugman and Verbekeꅝ1989ꅞ Harriganꅝ1986ꅞ Andersonꅝ1990ꅞ Gomes-Casseresꅝ1987ꅞ Blodgettꅝ1992ꅞ Beamish and Banksꅝ1987ꅞ Parkheꅝ1993ꅞ 맏2-1 냪믚Ꙙ룪곣ꡳ꒧ꕄ굮껖ꓟ뉺뷗뱨궱 룪껆꣓랽ꅇ귗ꛛParkheꅝ1993ꅞ 26
꧳곛맯ꓖ볆ꪺꑀꓨꅁ굙Ꙣ뫞뉺ꓨ궱꣣ꚳ앶ꯂ꧊꒧ꙡꛬ뻖ꚳ녍쓝꧊룪늣ꅁꭨꕩꕈ뱗ꕛꕄ뻉ꡍ떦꣮ꥷ꒧꿠ꑏꅁꣃꕂꙢ걙ꡍ떦ꑗꖲ뚷꣺녯꧒ꚳꚨ귻ꪺꙐ띎ꓨꕩ냵ꛦꅁ꧒ꕈ뛈뫞냑뭐ꑀꓨ뻖ꚳꙨ볆앶ꛓꕄ뻉ꡍ떦꒧꣮ꥷꅁꗧꕩ꿠늣ꗍꡍ쒳륌땻뎴ꑊ미ꞽꪺ떲ꩇꅃꙁꅁꕾ꣓ꗸ띾Ꙣ뙽땯꒤냪깡뭐럭ꙡ뱴냓녱냪믚Ꙙ룪겡냊껉ꅁ롧녠꣼궭꧳럭ꙡ걆ꦲꪺ앶궭꣮ꅁ꣏ꕾ꣓ꗸ띾꧳곛맯ꓖ볆ꅁꗑ꧳ꖻꢭ꣣돆걙녍쓝꧊룪늣ꅁꭨꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦륌땻꒤뱗ꕛꑆꕄ뻉꿠ꑏꅝPaliwoda and Liebrenz, 1984ꅞꅃꙝꚹ앶뭐놱꣮꒧뚡걏ꝟ꣣ꚳꖿꙖ쏶ꭙꅈꣃ때ꑀꥷꪺ떪껗ꅃ 껚뻚ꕈꑗ꒧뷗굺ꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꪺ앶ꓱ꣒꓀끴ꖼꖲ걏ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧ꡍꥷꙝ꿀ꅁꖻ곣ꡳ뭻결ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧ꡍꥷꙝ꿀ꅁꕝ걁Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡룪랽싗둉땻ꯗ꧒ꓞ땯꒧곛맯뷍Ꝑꑏꑪꑰꛓ늣ꗍꡍ떦꣮ꥷ꒧ꕄ뻉꿠ꑏ깴뙚ꅁꕈꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꪺ랾덱ꚳ껄꧊꣢ꑪ쏾ꅝHarrigan, 1984ꅆKogut, 1988ꅆLane and Beamish, 1990ꅞꅃꙝꚹꖻ곣ꡳ녎ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧ꡍꥷꙝ꿀ꅁ냏꓀결룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ뭐랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ꣢멣궱ꅁꭥꕩ꿠뱶암Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꪺ곛맯뷍Ꝑꑏꅁꕝ걁덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧ꅂ곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚ꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚떥ꙝ꿀ꅆꯡꕩ꿠뱶암Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꪺ랾덱ꚳ껄꧊ꅁꕝ걁ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧ꅂ냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧룪랽몯덺ꯗ떥ꙝ꿀ꅃꚹꕾꅁ맯꧳돦ꓨꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꛓꢥꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ맯냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ떦늤궫굮꧊뭻ꪾꗧ걏뱶암ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺꙝ꿀꒧ꑀꅃꕈꑗꑃ귓ꡍꥷꙝ꿀ꖻ곣ꡳ닎뫙결Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊ꅃ ꑀꅂ룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ ꅝꑀꅞ덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧 굙걏Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꪺ덗볒ꑪꑰ꒣ꑀ교ꛓꙀ닕냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꅁꙢꙘꝀ륌땻꒤ꕩ꿠라땯ꗍ냝썄ꅁꙝ결덗볒룻ꑪꪺ꒽ꕱ룻궫뗸듁ꗘ볐ꅁꣃꕂ뗛늴꧳ꖼ꣓ꪺꝑ녯ꅁ꧒ꕈꙢ꣮ꥷꡍ떦ꑗ룻뵷멃ꅆ꒧ꅁ덗볒룻ꑰꪺ꒽ꕱ룻궫뗸뱵꧊ꕈꙝ삳ꕾꙢ샴맒ꪺ엜꓆ꅁꣃꕂ뗛늴꧳땵듁ꝑ볭ꅁꙢꡍ떦꣮ꥷꑗ룻결Ꟗ덴 27
ꅝLane and Distefano, 1988ꅞꅃ꧒ꕈ굙Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡덗볒ꑪꑰ꒣ꑀ교ꅁꦼꚹꙢꡍ떦꣮ꥷꪺ륌땻꒤ꕩ꿠롧녠ꕘ뉻ꢣꅁ꣏녯싹ꓨ늣ꗍ뷄곰ꅝLane and Distefano, 1988ꅞꅁꣃꕂꗑ꧳ꦼꚹ뚡ꪺ뫞뉺궷껦ꥍꡍ떦뻉Ꙗꪺ깴늧ꛓ늣ꗍ띎ꢣ꒣ꑀ교ꪺ놡ꅝGeringer, 1988ꅞꅃꕴꑀꓨ궱ꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꪺ덗볒ꑪꑰ띕꒣ꑀ교ꅁ덗볒룻ꑪꪺꑀꓨꅁ녎뻖ꚳ룻ꑪꪺ뷍Ꝑꑏꅁꚨꑀꓨꕄ뻉ꡍ떦ꪺꞽ궱ꅝGeringer, 1988ꅆBleeke and Ernst, 1991ꅞꅃꖻ곣ꡳꙞ압륌ꕨ곛쏶ꓥ쑭ꅁꑪꙨ볆ꪺ곣ꡳ떲ꩇꓤ꯹Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡덗볒ꑪꑰ꒣ꑀ교ꅁ녎ꓞ땯ꦼꚹ뚡곛맯뷍Ꝑꑏꑪꑰ깴늧ꛓ늣ꗍꡍ떦ꕄ뻉꿠ꑏ꒧깴뙚ꅃꙝꚹꖻ곣ꡳ뇀뷗ꅁ굙Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧띕ꑪꅁ덗볒룻ꑪꪺꑀꓨꅁꕩ꿠뻖ꚳ룻ꑪꪺ뷍Ꝑꑏ뙱ꅁꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤꧳ꕄ뻉ꙡꛬꅁ깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ ꅝꑇꅞ곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚 ꖻ곣ꡳ샋뗸륌ꕨ냪믚Ꙙ룪곛쏶ꓥ쑭ꅁ굙Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꖻꢭ뻖ꚳ걙녍쓝꧊룪늣ꅁ덱녠ꙢꙘꝀ쏶ꭙ꒤뻖ꚳ룻ꑪꪺ뷍Ꝑꑏ뙱ꅁ뙩ꛓꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ륂Ꝁ꧳ꕄ뻉ꙡꛬꅃ꣒꙰굙Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꪺ끞쑭결뒣꣑덎룪랽ꅁꭨ깥꧶샲녯룻ꑪꪺ뷍Ꝑꑏ뭐ꕄ뻉ꙡꛬꅝKogut, 1977ꅆFagre and Wells, 1982ꅞꅃ럭ꑷ뙽땯냪깡ꗸ띾뭐뙽땯꒤냪깡ꗸ띾Ꙁ닕냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾껉ꅁꗑ꧳뙽땯꒤냪깡걆ꦲꪺ궭꣮룻Ꙩꅝ꣒꙰앶ꪺ궭꣮ꅞꅁ덹ꚨꕾ꣓ꗸ띾롧녠뛈뻖ꚳꓖ볆앶ꅁꗑ꧳ꖻꢭ꣣돆ꗽ뙩ꪺ덎ꅁꣃꕂ뻖ꚳ돐띳뭐꒣쉟ꟳ띳ꪺ꿠ꑏꅁꛓꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒤꣣ꚳ셼ꢬ뮴궫ꪺꙡꛬꅁ뫻꯹ꑀꥷ땻ꯗꪺ뷍Ꝑꑏ뭐ꕄ뻉쁵뛕ꅝPaliwoda and Liebrenz, 1984 ꅞꅃ 덎룪랽걏룻꣣쁵뛕ꪺ녍쓝꧊룪늣ꅁꙢ싹ꓨꪺꙘꝀ륌땻꒤ꅁ덎ꕩ꿠덶ꡂ덑맯ꓨ뻇닟ꗩ껄ꅁꙝꛓ덹ꚨ귬꣓꧒뻖ꚳꪺꕄ뻉쁵뛕덶몥돠ꖢꅁ곆ꛜ비꣼맯ꓨ닗ꓮꙘꝀ쏶ꭙꅃꯜꙨꙘ룪껗꣒ꖢ뇑ꪺ귬ꙝꅁꖿ걏뒣꣑덎ꪺꗀ꒽ꕱꅁꙢꙘꝀ륌땻꒤덎ꑷ덑맯ꓨ뻇닟ꅁꑓ때ꩫ맯걊ꚳꪺ덎뙩ꛦ돐띳ꅁ뻉교맯ꓨ결ꑆ뫉Ꟗ쉜닦놱꣮ꛓ닗ꓮꙘꝀ쏶ꭙꅝLane and Beamish, 1990ꅞꅃ꧒ꕈꙢꙘꝀ쏶ꭙ꒤ꅁ덎ꪺ쇴녋꧊걏쑶ꪧ쁵뛕ꪺꕄ굮꣓랽ꅝReich 28
and Mankin, 1986ꅞꅁ굙굮Ꙣ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒤뫻꯹걊ꚳꪺꕄ뻉쁵뛕ꅁ냟ꚳ곣땯ꑈ귻Ꙣ덎ꑗ꒣쉟ꪺ뭐돐띳ꅁ꣏덎꣣ꚳ낪ꯗ쇴녋꧊ꅁꑾ걏뵔ꭏꖻꢭꙢꙘꝀ쏶ꭙ뻖ꚳꕄ뻉ꙡꛬꪺ껚ꖻ덾깼ꅃꙝꚹꖻ곣ꡳ뇀뷗ꅁ굙걏Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꣣돆룻꣎ꪺ곣땯꿠ꑏꅁꭨꙢꙘꝀ쏶ꭙ꒤뻖ꚳ룻ꑪꪺ뷍ꝐꑏꅁꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤꧳ꕄ뻉ꙡꛬꅁ깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ ꅝꑔꅞꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚 ꅵꛦ빐꿠ꑏꅶ쓝꧳ꗸ띾녍쓝꧊룪늣꒧ꑀꅁꕝ걁늣ꭾꅂ믹껦ꅂ덱룴ꭐ빐떦늤ꪺ덗릺뭐놱꣮꿠ꑏꅃꙢꙘꝀ륌땻꒤ꅁ굙걏Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꿠ꚳ껄둸뒤ꛦ빐덱룴ꅁꭨ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾롧샧ꪺꚨꕜ뻷라룻ꑪꅝHarrigan, 1984ꅞꅁ꧒ꕈꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꛦ빐꿠ꑏꪺꅁ맯꧳냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾롧샧ꚨꕜ뭐ꝟ걏ꑀ쏶쇤ꅃ굙걏Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뻖ꚳ룻꣎ꪺꛦ빐꿠ꑏꅁ롧녠Ꙣ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒤면궫굮ꪺꢤꛢꅁ뷍Ꝑꑗꗧꕩ꿠샲녯룻Ꙩꪺ뷍Ꝑ쑷뵘ꅃ ꕈ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꓨꚡ뙩ꑊ냪ꕾꖫ돵걏녠ꢣꪺ떦늤꒧ꑀꅁ럭ꗸ띾ꡍꥷ쉘ꑪ냪ꕾꖫ돵꣏늣ꭾꙢ럭ꙡ빐냢ꅁ쎪꧳맯럭ꙡ냓놡꿊ꕆꑆ룑ꥍꛦ빐롧엧꒣ꢬꅁꭨꕩ꿠뒣낪샧륂궷쁉ꅃꓗ꣤Ꙣ뙽땯꒤냪깡녱냪믚Ꙙ룪겡냊ꅁ곛룻꧳ꑷ뙽땯냪깡ꅁ뙽땯꒤냪깡샴맒룻꒣쎭ꥷꅁ꣏녯냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꖲ뚷궱맯ꟳ뷆싸ꪺ룪샴맒ꅝBeamish, 1985ꅞꅃ꧒ꕈꝑꗎ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꓨꚡ뙩ꑊ럭ꙡꖫ돵ꅁ덺륌ꙘꝀ맙꛱맯럭ꙡꪺ끴빐덱룴ꛦ빐ꖩ꣣ꚳ싗둉롧엧뭐꿠ꑏꅁꕩꕈ궰ꝃ샧륂궷쁉ꛓ꣏ꕾ꣓ꗸ띾ꢳ덴ꑆ룑뭐뿄ꑊ럭ꙡꖫ돵샲녯압ꯈꪺꭈꗴꅁꟳ곆꿠궰ꝃ럭ꙡ걆ꦲ맯ꕾ꣓ꗸ띾ꪺ뫃뱻ꛓ꒣ꛜ꧳덂덂덝궭ꅝConnolly, 1984ꅞꅃꗑꚹꕩꪾꅁ럭ꕾ꣓ꗸ띾뇽쉘ꑪ껼ꕾꖫ돵ꛓ뭐럭ꙡꗸ띾Ꙁ닕냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾껉ꅁꖲꚳꡄ꧳ꙘꝀ맙꛱Ꙣꛦ빐겡냊ꑗꪺꣳꝕꅁꙝꛓ꣏럭ꙡ뱴냓뷍Ꝑ뛕멁룻낪ꅁ깥꧶Ꙣ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾면셼ꢬ뮴궫ꪺꙡꛬꅁ뻖ꚳ룻ꑪꪺ뷍Ꝑꑏ뙱ꅃ껚뻚ꕈꑗ꒧뷗굺ꅁꛦ빐꿠ꑏ쓝꧳ꗸ띾ꪺ꽓껭믹귈룪랽ꅁꓗ꣤걏ꗸ띾ꕈ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꓨꚡ쉘깩냪ꕾꖫ돵ꫬ듁ꅁꖲ뚷ꗵ뿠럭ꙡꙘꝀ맙꛱ꪺꓞ뻉ꝕ꣤빁삳럭ꙡ샴맒ꅃꙝꚹꖻ곣ꡳ뇀뷗ꅁ굙걏Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꣣돆룻꣎ꪺꛦ빐꿠ꑏꅁꭨꙢꙘꝀ쏶 29
ꭙ꒤뻖ꚳ룻ꑪꪺ뷍ꝐꑏꅁꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤꧳ꕄ뻉ꙡꛬꅁ깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ ꑇꅂ랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ ꅝꑀꅞꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧 냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾걏ꗑ꣢귓꣢귓ꕈꑗ꒣Ꙑ냪깡ꪺꗀ꒽ꕱꙀꙐ닕ꚨꪺꅁ꒣뿄Ꙙꑆ꒣Ꙑꪺꗸ띾ꓥ꓆ꅁꣃꕂꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒺ꟳ쇴ꝴ꒣Ꙑ냪깡ꪺꓥ꓆ꛢ녭ꅁ꧒ꕈꗸ띾ꓥ꓆ꕩ꿠꣼ꗀ냪냪깡ꓥ꓆ꪺ뱶암ꅁ맪믚ꑗꕩ꿠귝꣣냪깡ꓥ꓆ꪺ꽓뱸ꅃ땍ꛓꗸ띾ꓥ꓆걏돌녠덑뒣ꪺꅁ맯꧳ꚨꕜꪺ냪믚ꙘꝀ쏶ꭙꛓꢥꅁꗸ띾ꓥ꓆ꪺꙐ뷨꧊룻ꚨ귻뚡냪깡꣓랽ꪺ맯뫙꧊ꟳ결궫굮ꅝHarrigan, 1988ꅞꅃ ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆ꪺ깴늧ꕄ굮ꫭ뉻Ꙣ꒽ꕱꪺ띎쏑멁ꕈ믹귈왛ꓨ궱ꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆ꪺ깴늧맯꧳ꙘꝀ쏶ꭙꪺꚨ뇑ꚳ쏶쇤꧊ꪺ뱶암ꅁ결ꑆꚳ껄궰ꝃꦼꚹꙢꗸ띾ꓥ꓆ꓨ궱ꪺ깴늧ꅁꖲ뚷뫉뙱ꑆ룑ꦼꚹꪺ띎쏑멁뭐믹귈왛ꅝParkhe, 1991ꅞꅃꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒤ꅁꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆ꪺ깴늧늣ꗍ꒣Ꙑꪺ멁ꯗꅂ믹귈왛ꭈ꧀ꅁꣃꕂꦼꚹ뚡곒ꚳ꣤롧샧ꪺ뻺ꕶ뭐ꓥ꓆굉뒺ꅁꙢꙘꝀ륌땻꒤싹ꓨꖲ뚷ꙀꅁꙀ룪랽ꅂ덎뙽ꖫ돵ꅁ꧒ꕈ깥꧶뻉교랾덱뭐ꣳ뷕ꑗꪺꝸ쏸ꅝꩌꡱ굞, 1991ꅞꅃ ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆꒣Ꙑꅁꕩ꿠꣏ꦼꚹꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗘ볐ꑗ늣ꗍ깴늧ꅁ깥꧶덹ꚨ싹ꓨ랾덱ꣳ뷕ꪺꝸ쏸ꅁꣃꕂ맯꧳냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ샧륂ꓨꚡꥍ떦늤ꪺ냵ꛦ늣ꗍꢣꅝRoot, 1982ꅆGeringer, 1988ꅞꅁꟳ곆ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧라뱶암ꦼꚹꙢ떦늤ꑗꪺ끴Ꙙꯗꅁꙝꛓ뻉교싹ꓨꙢ끬ꡄꗘ볐ꪺ륌땻꒤비륊덜Ꙩ쎪ꅝLynch, 1993ꅞꅁ꧒ꕈꙢꙘꝀ쏶ꭙ꒤ꅁꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧롧녠걏뻉교싹ꓨ뷄곰ꪺꖻ랽ꅝDatta, 1988ꅆWright, 997ꅞꅃ꒧ꅁ굙걏ꦼꚹ뚡ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆곛ꅁꭨ싹ꓨ띕ꕩ꿠ꙘꝀꅝBeamish and Banks, 1987ꅞꅃꙝꚹꖻ곣ꡳ뇀뷗ꅁ굙Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧띕ꑰꅁꦼꚹ뚡ꪺ뫞뉺궷껦뫞뉺ꓨꚡ곛ꅁꭨꕩꕈ뱗 30
ꕛ싹ꓨ랾덱ꪺꚳ껄꧊ꣳ뷕꧊ꛓ궰ꝃꦼꚹ뚡ꪺ륪믒ꅁꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁ깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ ꅝꑇꅞ냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꪺ냪믚꓆롧엧걏꒣Ꙑꓥ꓆뚡룳냪ꙘꝀꚨꕜ뭐ꝟꪺ쏶쇤ꅝLuo, 1995ꅞꅃꙢꙘ룪ꫬ듁ꅁ냪믚꓆롧엧라뱶암Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꪺ곛깥꧊ꅁ깥꧶덹ꚨꦼꚹ뚡ꪺꙘꝀ쏶ꭙ늣ꗍ벯삿ꅁ쁈뗛ꙘꝀ쏶ꭙꪺ뙩깩ꅁꦼꚹ뚡ꪺ곛깥꧊ꗧ덶몥ꪺ쁈꒧엜ꅝGeringer, 1991ꅞꅃꚹꕾꅁ굙ꗸ띾롧녠뭐냪ꕾ뱴냓곛쏶ꑈ귻놵쒲ꅁꕩꕈ뙽꣤뗸뎥ꅁ맯꧳냪ꕾꖫ돵ꪺ쑶ꪧ놡뛕뱗뙩꣤뇓빕ꯗꅁꗧꝙꗸ띾놵쒲냪ꕾꖫ돵ꪺ듁뚡띕ꅁ맯꧳늣ꭾꭾ뷨볐럇ꅂ압ꯈꪺꙞ삳뭐늣ꭾꪺ돐띳ꕩꕈ뱗뙩꣤뇓띐ꯗꅝBeamish, 1987ꅞꅃꗸ띾쁈뗛냪믚꓆롧엧ꪺ뱗ꕛꅁꕩꕈ꓆룑꙳Ꙣꦼꚹ뚡ꪺ룳ꓥ꓆깴늧ꛓꙢ때꒧꒤궰ꝃꑆ랾덱믙쎪ꅁ뱗뙩ꦼꚹ꒧뚡ꪺꭈꗴ뭐ꣳ뷕꧊ꅝZeira and Shenkar, 1990ꅞꅃꙝꚹꖻ곣ꡳ뇀뷗ꅁ굙Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧띕ꑰꅁꭨ꓆룑ꦼꚹ뚡룳ꓥ꓆깴늧ꪺ꿠ꑏ띕낪ꅁꕩꕈ뒣낪랾덱ꪺꚳ껄꧊뭐ꣳ뷕꧊ꅁꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁ깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ ꅝꑔꅞ룪랽몯덺ꯗ Ꙣꗴ꛳ꪺꙘꝀ쏶ꭙ꒤ꅁ룪끔랾덱뫞륄ꪺ멚덱ꕩꕈ듮ꓖ싹ꓨꪺ뭾룑ꅁꣃꕂ룑ꡍ꒣Ꙑꪺꢣꅁ뙩ꛓ꣏싹ꓨꕩꕈꢳ덴꣮ꥷꡍ떦ꅝHutt, 2000ꅞꅃꗸ띾뚡ꪺ랾덱ꕄ굮ꕝ걁랾덱쁗뉶뭐랾덱ꭾ뷨ꅁ랾덱쁗뉶ꭙ랾덱꒧ꚸ볆ꅁ럭ꙘꝀ싹ꓨ랾덱ꚸ볆띕쁗셣ꅁꭨ랾덱ꚨꖻ띕낪ꅁ껄ꩇꗧꕩ꿠띕꣎ꅝꓨꕀ, 1996ꅞꅆ랾덱ꭾ뷨걏랾덱끔꺧꒧ꖿ뵔꧊ꅂ껉껄꧊뭐ꕒ꓀꧊ꅝBeecham and Cordey-Hayes, 1998ꅞꅃꚹꕾꅁ랾덱뻇겣뻇뭻결ꅁꪾ쏑꓀뻷꣮ꕄ굮ꯘꗟꙢꪾ쏑ꪺꗦ걹뭐랾덱ꅁꪾ쏑걏ꑀ뫘꽓껭룪늣ꅁ덺륌ꪾ쏑ꗦ걹뭐꓀ꅁꚳꝕ꧳ꗸ띾ꪾ쏑룪늣ꪺ닖뽮ꅝDavenport and Prusak, 1998ꅞꅁꙝꚹꗸ띾뚡삳ꭏ꯹ꙮꪺ꒬냊ꅁ뱗뙩ꦼꚹꪺ랾덱ꅃ룪랽몯덺ꯗ띎ꦼꚹ꒹덜ꙢꙘꝀ륌땻꒤걹덱ꪺ덎ꅂ룪끔뭐곬ꅝSpeakman, 1996ꅞꅃ맯꧳싇ꗑꦼꚹꪺꙘꝀꛓ샲녯꧒ 31
믝룪랽ꪺꗸ띾ꛓꢥꅁ싹ꓨꙮꪺ꒬냊걏꒣ꕩ꿊ꪺ궺굮뇸ꗳꅁꙢꦼꚹꪺꙘꝀ쏶ꭙ꒤ꅁ냟ꚳ꒬냊뭐랾덱띕쁗셣ꅁꑾ꿠뵔ꭏꙘꝀ쏶ꭙꪺ쎭ꥷꅝLambe and Spekman, 1997ꅞꅁꣃꕂꗑ꧳싹ꓨ녋꓁ꦹ꣓ꅁꚳꝕ꧳뱗뙩ꦼꚹꪺꑆ룑ꅁꭐ뙩싹ꓨꪺ룪랽ꗦ걹ꕂ륆꣬곛꒬뻇닟ꪺꗘꪺꅝVon Hipple, 1987ꅞꅃꙝꚹꖻ곣ꡳ뇀뷗ꅁ굙Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡꒬냊뻷꣮ꙮꅁ랾덱뫞륄멚덱ꕂ꒽뙽꓆ꅂ덺ꧺ꓆ꅁ꣏녯덎룪끔꿠냷ꙢꦼꚹꙘꝀ륌땻꒤걹덱ꅁ꙰ꚹ녎뱗뙩ꦼꚹ뚡ꪺ랾덱ꅁ듮ꓖ꒣ꖲ굮ꪺ뭾룑ꅁꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁ깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ ꑔꅂ떦늤궫굮꧊ 덜Ꙩ룳냪ꗸ띾결ꑆꗾ뉹꓆ꛓ뽮랥뙩ꛦꖫ돵냑뭐ꅁ덱녠ꗸ띾녱ꖫ돵냑뭐꒧떦늤냪깡ꅁ곒면걙뫘궫굮ꢤꛢꅃ꣤ꑀꅁꕩ꿠걏ꖫ돵ꪺ볧ꑏꅁꖫ돵덗볒띕ꑪꪺ냪깡ꅁ맯꧳ꗸ띾ꛓꢥꅁ롧녠꣣ꚳ곛럭ꑪꪺꝬꓞꑏꅁꙝ결ꖫ돵띕ꑪꅁ띕깥꧶늣ꗍ덗볒롧샙ꅁꖼ꣓ꕩ꿠걏ꚬꑊ뭐ꝑ볭ꪺ궫굮꣓랽ꅁ꧒ꕈꗸ띾삳뫉뙱ꓮ쑶ꪧꙢꚹꖫ돵샲녯ꚨꕜꅃ꣤ꑇꅂꕩ꿠걏ꗾ뉹압ꯈ꧒Ꙣꪺꗀ냪ꖫ돵ꅁꙢꗾ뉹압ꯈ꧒Ꙣꪺꗀ냪ꖫ돵녱ꖫ돵냑뭐ꅁꕩꕈ뭐압ꯈ뫻꯹ꙮꪺ쏶ꭙꅁꙐ껉ꕄ굮ꗾ뉹압ꯈꗧ걏ꗸ띾돐띳ꪺꕄ굮꣓랽ꅁ꧒ꕈꗀ꒽ꕱꕩꕈꙢ꣤ꖫ돵덝ꗟ곣땯뻚쉉ꅁ덺륌뻖ꚳ낪ꭾ뷨굮ꡄꪺꗾ뉹압ꯈꅁꚳꝕ꧳늣ꭾ돐띳ꅁ뒣꣑닅Ꙙ압ꯈ믝ꡄꪺ늣ꭾꅃ꣤ꑔꅂꕩ꿠걏ꗾ뉹쑶ꪧ꧒Ꙣꪺꗀ냪ꖫ돵ꅁ굙ꗸ띾Ꙣꚹꖫ돵뽮랥냑뭐ꅁꗸ띾ꕩꕈ뫊뗸쑶ꪧꛦ냊ꅁꙐ껉맯꧳쑶ꪧꚳꟳ뉠ꑊꑆ룑ꅁꕩꕈ궰ꝃ비꣼띎ꕾ삻ꪺꕩ꿠꧊ꅃ꣤ꕼꅂꕩ꿠걏늣띾돐띳ꪺꕄ굮꣓랽ꅁ덱녠ꙕ뫘늣띾곒ꚳ꣤궫굮ꪺꖫ돵ꅁꚹꖫ돵덑뭻결걏꣣ꚳ믢뻉ꙡꛬꪺꅵ믢뻉냪깡ꅶꅁ꒣뛈걏돐띳ꪺꕄ굮꣓랽ꅁꛓꕂꗧ결ꗾ뉹압ꯈ뭐ꗾ뉹쑶ꪧꪺ꧒Ꙣꙡꅃꙝꚹꅁ냪ꕾꖫ돵ꕩ꿠면ꕈꑗ걙뫘ꢤꛢꅁ맯ꑀ귓룳냪ꗸ띾꣓뮡꣣ꚳꑀꥷꪺ궫굮꧊ꅁ뻉교ꗸ띾때꒣뽮랥냑뭐ꅃ ꗸ띾결ꑆ둸뒤냪ꕾꖫ돵놡뛕ꅁ롧녠ꕈ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꓨꚡ뙩ꑊ냪ꕾꖫ돵ꅁ꧒ꕈ꣣ꚳ꣤떦늤꧊ꗘꪺꅁꚹ떦늤꧊ꗘꪺ롧녠걍Ꙣ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꧒면ꪺꢤ 32
ꛢꅃ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꕩ꿠걏Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꪺꝑ볭꣓랽ꅂ뒣꣑빐냢뫞륄ꅂ륳닕ꗳꪺꗍ늣뭐닕룋ꅂ늣ꭾꕾ빐ꪺ신륂쉉ꅝVernon, 1977ꅆHedlund ,1981ꅆCaves ,1982ꅆDoz and Prahalad, 1981ꅞꅁ걏싇ꚹ둸뒤ꖫ돵ꪺ땯깩쇍뛕ꅂ뫊놱쑶ꪧꛦ냊떥ꅃ꧒ꕈ맯꧳ꗀ꒽ꕱꛓꢥꅁ굙냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ떦늤궫굮꧊띕낪ꅁꗀ꒽ꕱꕾ겣꣬냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ빮ꕾꑈ귻띕Ꙩꅁꣃꕂ앶꧒ꪺꓱ뉶띕낪ꅁꗀ꒽ꕱ뱶암냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦ꪺ땻ꯗ띕낪ꅝMartinez and Ricks, 1989ꅞꅃꙝꚹꖻ곣ꡳ뇀뷗ꅁ맯꧳돦ꓨꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꛓꢥꅁ굙ꗀ꒽ꕱ맯꧳냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ떦늤궫굮꧊뭻ꪾ띕낪ꅁꭨ맯냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ궫뗸땻ꯗ띕낪ꅁꕩ꿠띕뽮랥ꑊ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ륂Ꝁꥍꡍ떦륌땻ꅁ싇ꗑꖻꢭ꧒꣣돆꒧쁵뛕뭐뱶암ꑏ걏뽮랥삱룉꧒ꓭ꿊ꪺ꿠ꑏꅁꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁ덶ꡂ꣺녯ꡍ떦ꕄ뻉앶ꅁ깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ껚뻚ꕈꑗ꒧뷗굺ꅁꖻ곣ꡳ꿷녎ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧ꡍꥷꙝ꿀꒧곛쏶ꓥ쑭뻣뉺꙰ꑕꫭꅇ ꫭ2-7 ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧ꡍꥷꙝ꿀곛쏶ꓥ쑭 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊ 곛쏶ꓥ쑭 룪덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧 Danielsꅝ1971ꅞꅂLane and Beamishꅝ1990ꅞ 랽ꅂHarriganꅝ1988ꅞꅂGeringeꅝr1986ꅞꅂLane and Distefano맯ꅝ1988ꅞ 뫙ꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚 Harriganꅝ1984ꅞꅂReich and Mankinꅝ1986ꅞ 땻곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚 Kogutꅝ1977ꅞꅂFagre and Wellsꅝ1982ꅞꅂPaliwoda and ꯗ Liebrenzꅝ1984ꅞꅂReich and Mankinꅝ1986ꅞ ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧 Wrightꅝ1997ꅞꅂPeterson and Shwindꅝ1977ꅞꅂKogut랾 ꅝ1988ꅞꅂBeamish and Banksꅝ1987ꅞꅂAnderson and 덱 Weitzꅝ1989ꅞꅂRugman and Verbekeꅝ1989ꅞꅂDatta믙 ꅝ1988ꅞꅂSimiarꅝ1983ꅞ 쎪냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧 Luoꅝ1997ꅞꅂGeringerꅝ1991ꅞꅂKumaꅝr1995ꅞꅂBeamish땻 ꅝ1987ꅞꅂZeira and Shenkarꅝ1987ꅞ ꯗ 룪랽몯덺ꯗ Aldrichꅝ1976ꅞꅂVon Hippleꅝ1987ꅞꅂDavenport and Prusakꅝ1998ꅞꅂSpeakmanꅝ1998ꅞꅂHuttꅝ2000ꅞ 떦늤궫굮꧊ Vernonꅝ1977ꅞꅂHedlundꅝ1981ꅞꅂCavesꅝ1982ꅞꅂDoz and Prahaladꅝ1981ꅞꅂMartinez and Ricksꅝ1989ꅞ 33
닄ꕼ론?ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ 냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾걏ꗑꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꙀꙐꕘ룪꧒ꚨꗟꪺ띳귓엩ꅁꗀ꒽ꕱꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꯹ꚳꪺ앶꒣Ꙑꅁ때뷗ꗀ꒽ꕱ꯹ꚳꙨ볆ꅂꓖ볆걏꒬결맯ꕢꅁꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦륌땻꒤곒걏궫굮ꪺꚨ귻꒧ꑀꅁꓗ꣤Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾걙궫ꑪꡍ쒳뚵ꅁꖲ뚷롧ꗑ꧒ꚳꗀ꒽ꕱꙐ띎ꓨꕩ냵ꛦꅁꝟꭨꙘ룪ꗸ띾녎때ꩫꖿ녠샧륂ꅝHarrigan, 1984ꅞꅃ Ꙣ뽗룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦꣮ꥷ꒧곛쏶곣ꡳ꒤엣ꗜꅁ낪뚥뫞뉺많뚤ꅝTMTꅞꙀꙐꡍ쒳꒽ꕱ꒧궫굮ꡍ떦껉ꅁ굙낪뚥뫞뉺Ꙣꡍ떦ꑗ륆ꚨꙀ쏑ꪺ땻ꯗ띕낪ꅁꭨ롧샧셚껄띕꣎ꅝBourgeois, 1980ꅆDess, 1987ꅞꅃ왛냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꅁꖻ곣ꡳ뭻결ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊띕낪ꅁꭨꙘ룪셚껄꒣ꑀꥷ띕꣎ꅁ껚뻚ꭥ론꒧뷗굺ꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꪺ룪랽싗둉뭐ꝟ꧒ꓞ땯꒧곛맯뷍Ꝑꑏꑪꑰꥍ랾덱ꚳ껄꧊녎뱶암ꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑땻ꯗꅁ굙ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊걏싇ꗑ돦ꓨꪺ녪뛕ꕄ뻉ꛓ륆ꚨꪺꅁ꒣ꝋ꣏ꕴꑀꓨ띐쒱륌꧳뽗뗴ꅁꣃꕂꚹꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꖼꖲ꿠ꕒ꓀삳ꕾꙢ샴맒ꅁ뻉교떦늤ꅘ샴맒끴빁ꯗ꒣꣎ꅁ늣ꗍꙘ룪셚껄꒣꣎ꪺ뫃뱻ꅆ굙ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ륆ꚨ걏ꗑ꧳ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗꝃꅁ뱗뙩떦늤ꅘ샴맒끴빁껄ꩇꅁꭨꙘ룪셚껄띕꣎ꅃꖻ곣ꡳꙞ압륌ꕨ뽗룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦꣮ꥷ꒧곛쏶ꓥ쑭ꅁꑪꙨ볆ꪺ곣ꡳ떲ꩇ엣ꗜ꣢뚡꒧쏶ꭙ걏ꝥ뉻ꖿ곛쏶ꅃ Ꙣ꒣Ꙑꪺꡍ떦쏾ꮬꑗꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧꣺녯ꅁꕩ꿠늣ꗍ꒣Ꙑꪺ롧샧셚껄ꫭ뉻ꅁ꣒꙰Ꙣ뽗룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑗꪺꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊띕낪ꅁꭨꗸ띾롧샧셚껄띕꣎ꅆꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐롧샧셚껄뚡룻꒣꣣곛쏶꧊ꅁ귬ꙝꙢ꧳럭ꗸ띾냵ꛦꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦껉ꅁꗸ띾꒺뎡ꑷ꙳Ꙣ걊ꥷꪺ놱꣮뻷꣮ꓢ걱ꅁ꣒꙰륷뫢놱꣮뻷꣮ꝙꕩ륆ꚨꝃꚨꖻꗘ볐ꅁ꧒ꕈꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊맯꧳셚껄ꣃ꒣꣣쏶쇤꧊ꅝHomburg, 1999ꅞꅃꖻ곣ꡳ꿷녎뽗룪ꗸ띾ꚳ쏶ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐롧샧셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙ꒧곛쏶곣ꡳ떲ꩇ뻣뉺꙰ꑕꫭꅇ 34
35 ꫭ2-8 ꡍ떦꣮ꥷ꒧곛쏶ꓥ쑭 뻇 ꡍ떦 ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ ꓀꩒돦ꛬ ꓀꩒돦ꡍ떦 셚껄볐 룪껆 ꓀꩒ꓨꩫ 곣ꡳ땯뉻 볐ꪺ ꛬ볆ꗘ ꑈ볆 뭠뚰 BourgeoisTMT 쏶꧳꒽ꕱꗘ꒽ꕱ뱨꿅 12 3-10 ꯈ왛볐 던뷍 ANOVA 1맯꒽ꕱꗘ볐뭐륆ꚨꓨꚡ꒧ꅝ1980ꅞ ꅝgoalsꅞ뭐륆ꚨꡍ떦띕ꑀ교ꅁꭨ셚껄띕낪ꅃꓨꚡꅝmeansꅞ 2.굙ꕵꚳ맯꒽ꕱꗘ볐륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅁꭨ셚껄띕ꝃꅃ BourgeoisTMT 쏶꧳샴맒꒣뵔ꥷ꒽ꕱ뱨꿅 20 5 ꯈ왛볐 냝ꣷ뭐ꚸ곛쏶꓀꩒ 1.굙ꡍ떦곒꿠뭻Ꙑ뭐맮쒱ꅝ1985ꅞ ꧊뭐꒽ꕱꗘ볐 꿅룪껆 샴맒꒣뵔ꥷ꧊ꅁꭨ셚껄띕낪ꅃ2.굙ꡍ떦맯꧳샴맒꒣뵔ꥷ꧊뭐꒽ꕱꗘ볐곒륆ꚨꑀ교꧊ꅁꭨ셚껄띕ꝃꅃ Dess TMT 쏶꧳꒽ꕱꗘ볐뭐꒽ꕱ뱨꿅 19 2-6 ꯈ왛볐 던뷍 곛쏶꓀꩒ 굙맯꧳꒽ꕱꗘ볐뭐륆ꚨꓨꅝ1987ꅞ 륆ꚨꓨꚡ 냝ꣷ ꚡ꒧ꡍ떦띕ꑀ교ꅁꭨ셚껄띕 낪ꅃ Grinyer ꆮ TMT 쏶꧳꒽ꕱꗘ볐ꅂ꒽ꕱ뱨꿅 21 4-5 ꯈ왛볐 던뷍 곛쏶꓀꩒ 1.굙꣏ꗎꭄꖿꚡ뫞륄ꅁ셚껄Norburn 덗릺꡴닎룪끔 띕낪ꅃ2.굙셚껄띕낪ꅁꭨ뫞ꅝ1977ꅞ 뫊듺 뉺띕꒣ꯤ엜ꅃ Hrebiniak TMT 쏶꧳샴맒엜냊ꑕ꒽ꕱ뱨꿅 88 2-3 ꯈ왛볐 냝ꣷ 곛쏶꓀꩒굙ꡍ떦곒뭻Ꙑ꒽ꕱ꒧쁵& Snow ꒧꒽ꕱ쁵뛕뭐깺 뭐뷆끪쉫 뛕뭐깺뛕ꅁꭨ셚껄띕낪ꅃ ꅝ1982ꅞ 뛕 ꓀꩒
36 뻇 ꡍ떦 ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ ꓀꩒ ꓀꩒돦 ꡍ떦 셚껄볐 룪껆뭠뚰 ꓀꩒ꓨꩫ 곣ꡳ땯뉻 볐ꪺ 돦ꛬ ꛬ볆ꗘ ꑈ볆 Iaquinto ꆮ TMT 쏶꧳ꡍ떦꣮굱꒽ꕱ뱨꿅 57 3 ꯈ왛볐 뙬녈냝ꣷ 곛쏶꓀꩒뭐1.굙ꡍ떦맯꧳ꡍ떦ꡍFredrickson 륌땻ꪺ뭻Ꙑꯗ 뷆끪쉫꓀꩒ ꥷ륌땻ꪺ뭻Ꙑꯗ띕낪ꅁꅝ1997ꅞ 셚껄띕낪ꅃ2.륌ꕨꪺ셚껄띕낪ꅁꣃ꒣ꕎꫭꚹ껉ꪺ뭻Ꙑꯗ띕낪ꅃ Stagner TMT 쏶꧳ꡍ떦땻Ꟈ ꒽ꕱ뱨꿅 109 2-4 ꯈ왛볐 뙬녈냝ꣷ 곛쏶꓀꩒ 굙ꡍ떦맯꧳ꡍ떦꣮ꥷꅝ1969ꅞ ꒧땻Ꟈ몡띎ꯗ띕낪ꅁꭨ꒽ꕱ샲ꝑ띕꣎ꅃ West ꆮTMT 쏶꧳꒽ꕱꗘ볐꒽ꕱ뱨꿅 65 3-4 ꕄ왛볐 뙬녈냝ꣷ 끪쉫꓀꩒ ꗽꭥꪺ곣ꡳ떲ꩇꣃꖼ덑Schwenk 뭐륆ꚨꓨꚡ 쏒맪ꅃ ꅝ1996ꅞ HomburgTMT 쏶꧳ꝃꚨꖻꡍꑬ꒽ꕱ 101 2 ꕄ왛볐 뙬녈냝ꣷ 뷆끪쉫꓀꩒ Ꙣ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑗꅁꡍ떦ꅝ1999ꅞ 떦뭐깴늧꓆ꡍ뱨꿅 ꑀ교꧊뭐셚껄꒧뚡ꝥꖿ떦 곛쏶ꅆꙢꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑗꅁꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊맯꧳셚껄때엣뗛뱶암ꅃ 룪껆꣓랽ꅇ귗ꛛ䡯浢畲?ꅝㄹ㤹ꅞ
닄꒭론?ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ Ꙣ뽗룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁꑪꙨ볆ꪺ곣ꡳ뭻결ꅁꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐롧샧셚껄뚡걏ꝥ뉻ꖿ곛쏶ꅁꗸ띾꧒궱맯ꪺꕾꙢꖫ돵샴맒걏엜냊ꪺꅁꕾꙢ샴맒ꪺ엜냊ꕩ꿠뱶암ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻ꅃꙝꚹ굙걏ꛒ뱻ꕾꙢ샴맒ꪺ냊멁ꙝ꿀맯꧳ꡍ떦륌땻ꪺ뱶암ꅁꭨꕾꙢꖫ돵샴맒ꪺ뷄삻라엜ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐롧샧셚껄뚡ꪺꖿꙖ쏶ꭙꅁꗧꝙ쁈뗛샴맒ꪺ엜냊땻ꯗꅁꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐셚껄뚡걏ꝥ뉻ꑀꚱ뵵쏶ꭙꅝPriem, 1990ꅞꅝ뗹11ꅞꅃ ꖫ돵샴맒ꪺ엜냊라뻉교Ꙩꛬ낪뚥뫞뉺Ꙣꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁ깥꧶낵ꕘ뿹뭾ꪺꝐ쉟ꅁ껚뻚ꚹ뿹뭾Ꝑ쉟꧒륆ꚨꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑걏꙳Ꙣ덜Ꙩ뫃뱻ꪺꅁ꧒ꕈꙢ엜냊ꪺ샴맒ꑕꅁ낪뚥뫞뉺때뷗꿓뫉ꙨꓖꝖꑏ룪랽륆ꚨꙀ쏑ꅁ륷듁륆꣬ꪺ껄ꩇꕩ꿠때ꩫ엣뉻ꅁꟳꕩ꿠ꙝꛓ늣ꗍ셚껄꒣꣎ꪺ껄ꩇꅝLawrence and Lorsch, 1967ꅞꅃ껚뻚ꕈꑗ꒧뷗굺ꅁꕾꙢꖫ돵샴맒ꪺ엜냊ꕩ꿠뻉교ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ늣ꗍ엜꓆ꅝPrescott, 1986ꅆPriem, 1990ꅆDess and Priem, 1995ꅆWest and Schwenk, 1996ꅞꅃ 냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꧒궱셻ꪺꕾꙢꖫ돵샴맒걏엜냊ꪺꅁꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙꗧꕩ꿠늣ꗍ엜꓆ꅃꖻ곣ꡳ뭻결ꅁꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅝmarket-related dynamismꅞꕩ꿠뱶암꣢꒧뚡ꪺ쏶ꭙꅁ뷑꙰Ꙑ띾ꪺ빐냢떦늤ꅂꙐ띾ꪺ굱믹ꛦ결압ꯈ낾ꙮ떥엜냊땻ꯗꅁ라엜꣢꒧뚡귬ꚳꪺꖿꙖ쏶ꭙꅁꗧꝙ굙ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꪺ쁗뉶ꅁꕩ꿠듮깺ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙꅃꖻ곣ꡳ꿷녎뽗룪ꗸ띾ꚳ쏶ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐롧샧셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙ꒧곛쏶곣ꡳ떲ꩇ뻣뉺꙰ꑕꫭꅇ 37
38 ꫭ2-9 ꖫ돵냊멁꧊꒧곛쏶ꓥ쑭 뻇 ꡍ떦 ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ ꓀꩒돦ꛬ ꓀꩒돦ꡍ떦 셚껄볐 룪껆뭠뚰 ꓀꩒ 뷕론 곣ꡳ땯뉻 볐ꪺ ꛬ볆ꗘ ꑈ볆 ꓨꩫ 껄ꩇ BourgeoisTMT 쏶꧳꒽ꕱꗘ볐꒽ꕱ뱨꿅 12 3-10 ꯈ왛볐 던뷍 ANOVA 때 1맯꒽ꕱꗘ볐뭐륆ꚨꓨꅝ1980ꅞ ꅝgoalsꅞ뭐륆ꚨꚡ꒧ꡍ떦띕ꑀ교ꅁꭨ셚ꓨꚡꅝmeansꅞ 껄띕낪ꅃ2.굙ꕵꚳ맯꧳꒽ꕱꗘ볐륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅁꭨ셚껄띕ꝃꅃ BourgeoisTMT 쏶꧳샴맒꒣뵔ꥷ꒽ꕱ뱨꿅 20 5 ꯈ왛볐 냝ꣷ뭐ꚸ곛쏶 때 1.ꡍ떦곒꿠뭻Ꙑ뭐맮ꅝ1985ꅞ ꧊뭐꒽ꕱꗘ볐 꿅룪껆 ꓀꩒ 쒱샴맒꒣뵔ꥷ꧊ꅁ셚껄띕낪ꅃ2.ꡍ떦맯샴맒꒣뵔ꥷ꧊뭐꒽ꕱꗘ볐곒륆ꚨꑀ교꧊ꅁꭨ셚껄띕ꝃꅃ Dess TMT 쏶꧳꒽ꕱꗘ볐뭐꒽ꕱ뱨꿅 19 2-6 ꯈ왛볐 던뷍 곛쏶 때 굙맯꧳꒽ꕱꗘ볐뭐륆ꚨꅝ1987ꅞ 륆ꚨꓨꚡ 냝ꣷ ꓀꩒ ꓨꚡ꒧ꡍ떦띕ꑀ교ꅁꭨ 셚껄띕낪ꅃ Grinyer ꆮ TMT 쏶꧳꒽ꕱꗘ볐ꅂ꒽ꕱ뱨꿅 21 4-5 ꯈ왛볐 던뷍 곛쏶 때 1.굙꣏ꗎꭄꖿꚡ뫞륄ꅁ셚Norburn 덗릺꡴닎룪끔 ꓀꩒ 껄띕낪ꅃ2.굙셚껄띕낪ꅁꅝ1977ꅞ 뫊듺 ꭨ뫞뉺띕꒣ꯤ엜ꅃ Hrebiniak TMT 쏶꧳샴맒엜냊ꑕ꒽ꕱ뱨꿅 88 2-3 ꯈ왛볐 냝ꣷ 곛쏶꓀때 굙ꡍ떦곒뭻Ꙑ꒽ꕱ꒧ꆮ Snow ꒧꒽ꕱ쁵뛕뭐깺 ꩒뭐뷆 쁵뛕뭐깺뛕ꅁꭨ셚껄띕ꅝ1982ꅞ 뛕 끪쉫꓀ 낪ꅃ
39 뻇 ꡍ떦 ꡍ떦ꑀ꧊ ꓀꩒ ꓀꩒돦 ꡍ떦 셚껄볐 룪껆 ꓀꩒ꓨꩫ 뷕론 곣ꡳ땯뉻 볐ꪺ 돦ꛬ ꛬ볆ꗘ ꑈ볆 뭠뚰 껄ꩇ Iaquinto ꆮ TMT 쏶꧳ꡍ떦꒽ꕱ 57 3 ꯈ왛볐 뙬녈 곛쏶꓀꩒ꚳ 1.굙ꡍ떦맯꧳ꡍ떦ꡍꥷ륌Fredrickson ꡍꥷ륌땻뱨꿅 냝ꣷ 뭐뷆끪쉫 땻ꪺ뭻Ꙑꯗ띕낪ꅁ셚껄띕ꅝ1997ꅞ ꪺ뭻Ꙑꯗ ꓀꩒ 낪ꅃ2.륌ꕨꪺ셚껄띕낪ꅁꣃ꒣ꕎꫭꚹ껉ꪺ뭻Ꙑꯗ띕낪ꅃ3.곛룻꧳쎭ꥷꪺ샴맒ꅁꗸ띾굙덂꧳엜냊ꪺ샴맒ꅁꡍ떦볶Ꙑꯗ띕낪ꅃ Stagner TMT 쏶꧳ꡍ떦꒽ꕱ 109 2-4 ꯈ왛볐 뙬녈 곛쏶꓀꩒ 때 굙ꡍ떦맯꧳ꡍ떦꣮ꥷ꒧ꅝ1969ꅞ ꒧땻Ꟈ 뱨꿅 냝ꣷ 땻Ꟈ몡띎ꯗ띕낪ꅁꭨ꒽ꕱ샲ꝑ띕꣎ꅃ West ꆮTMT 쏶꧳꒽ꕱ꒽ꕱ 65 3-4 ꕄ왛볐 뙬녈 끪쉫꓀꩒ 때 ꗽꭥ곣ꡳ떲ꩇꖼ덑쏒맪 Schwenk ꗘ볐뭐륆뱨꿅 냝ꣷ ꅝ1996ꅞ ꚨꓨꚡ HomburgTMT 쏶꧳ꝃꚨꑬ꒽ꕱ101 2 ꕄ왛볐 뙬녈 뷆끪쉫꓀ꚳ 1.Ꙣ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑗꅁꡍ떦ꑀꅝ1999ꅞ ꖻꡍ떦뭐뱨꿅 냝ꣷ ꩒ 교꧊뭐셚껄뚡ꝥꖿ곛쏶ꅆꙢ깴늧꓆ꡍꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑗꅁꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊떦 맯꧳셚껄때엣뗛뱶암ꅃ2.ꖫ돵냊멁꧊녎듮깺깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙꅃ 룪껆꣓랽ꅇ귗ꛛHomburgꅝ1999ꅞ
닄꒻론 Ꙙ룪셚껄ꪺ뿅뙱볐 냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꑄ걏ꗑ꣢귓ꕈꑗꪺ뽗ꗟꩫꑈ뻷멣ꅝꝙꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꅞꙀꙐ 돐덝ꪺ띳귓엩ꅁꣃꕂꛜꓖꚳꑀꓨ결냪ꕾ꒽ꕱꅁ꧒ꕈ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾Ꙣꖻ뷨ꑗ 룻뽗룪ꗸ띾늤엣뷆싸ꅃ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꚨꅁ꣤굉ꯡꑪꙨ쇴ꝴꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ ꧒뷡꒩꒧떦늤꧊띎롱ꅁ뻉교ꚹ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾덱녠꣣돆Ꙩ궫ꗘꪺꅃꙝꚹ냪믚 Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾Ꙣ샧륂ꑗ꧒ꛒ뱻ꪺ뱨궱뱳꩸ꕂ냝썄ꪺ뷆싸땻ꯗ낪ꅁꙝꚹ냪믚Ꙙ룪 ꗸ띾ꪺ셚껄뗻꛴룻뽗룪ꗸ띾ꝸ쏸ꅁꛜ꒵뻇맯꧳냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾셚껄뿅뙱볐 럇뿅뙱맯뙈땍때ꑀꥷ뷗ꅃꖻ곣ꡳꙞ압륌ꕨꚳ쏶냪믚Ꙙ룪셚껄뿅뙱꒧곛 쏶ꓥ쑭ꅁ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾셚껄ꪺ뗻꛴ꓨꚡꅁꑪ교ꑗꕩ꓀결끝냈셚껄뗻꛴ 볐ꅂꯈ왛ꚡ셚껄뗻꛴볐ꕄ왛ꚡ몡띎땻ꯗ뗻꛴볐떥ꑔꑪ쏾ꅃ 돼ꅂ끝냈셚껄뗻꛴볐 Ꙣ끝냈셚껄뗻꛴볐ꓨ궱ꅁ샲ꝑ뉶ꅂꚨ뉶ꅂ룪돸륓뉶ꅝROIꅞ믹떥뛇닎끝냈볐ꅁ걏ꚭ듁곣ꡳ뗻꛴냪믚Ꙙ룪셚껄돌녠ꗎꪺ볐ꅝTomlinson, 1970ꅆLecraw, 1984ꅆArtisien and Buckley, 1985ꅆOsland and Cavusgil, 1996ꅞꅃ끝냈꧊볐꒧뿅뙱ꓨꚡ꙳Ꙣ걙궭꣮ꅁꣃ꒣꿠뵔꓁ꪺ뗻꛴Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾셚껄ꅁ귬ꙝ꙰ꑕꅇ꣤ꑀꅂ끝냈꧊볐ꑪꙨꕵ걏뿅뙱냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꕾ뎡ꪺ셚껄ꫭ뉻ꅁ맯꧳Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒺뎡륂Ꝁ꒧셚껄ꕈ걏ꝟ륆꣬땵듁꒧떦늤꧊ꗘꪺꅁꭨꙝ결때ꩫ뙱꓆ꛓ때녱뿅뙱ꅝKilling, 1982ꅞꅃ꣤ꑇꅂ뿅뙱냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒧끝냈꧊볐ꅁ꣒꙰ROIꥍROA덱녠꒣꧶ꙢꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꒧끝냈돸ꫭ꒤꣺녯ꅁ귬ꙝꕩ꿠걏Ꙣ끝냈돸ꫭ꒤ꣃꖼ룔룼냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾롧샧셚껄꒧곛쏶룪껆ꅁ걏ꕵ꿠샲녯Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꒧Ꙙ꣖돸ꫭꅝDess and Robinson, 1984ꅞꅃ꣤ꑔꅂ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒧곕빬ꅁ낣ꑆ롧ꗑ앶꓀끴샲녯꒧ꕾꅁꗧꕩ꿠덺륌꣑떹ꮴ곹ꅂ덎뇂앶뙏ꗎꅂ녍ꝑ앶늾신군믹떥ꓨꚡ꣺녯ꅁꯜ 40
ꓖꙃꑊ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒧곕빬럭꒤ꅝKilling, 1982ꅞꅃ꣤ꕼꅂ끝냈꧊볐꣣ꚳ걙땻ꯗꪺ쇴녋꧊ꅁ뫞뉺ꑪꙨ꒣쑀덺앓ꅝChild, 1995ꅞꅃꗑꚹꕩꪾꅁ끝냈셚껄뗻꛴볐ꣃ꒣꿠ꗾ궱ꪺꅂ뵔꓁ꪺ뿅뙱냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾셚껄ꅃ 뙌ꅂꯈ왛ꚡ셚껄뗻꛴볐 Ꙣꯈ왛ꚡ셚껄뗻꛴볐ꓨ궱ꅁ낣ꑆ끝냈셚껄뗻꛴볐ꅁ뎰쓲ꚳ뻇뒣ꕘꯈ왛ꚡꪺ셚껄뗻꛴멣궱ꅁ꣒꙰ꅁꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ꒣쎭ꥷ꧊ꅝFranko, 1971ꅆGomes-Casseres, 1990ꅆGeringer and Hebert, 1991ꅆChowdbury, 1992ꅞꅂꙘ룪ꗸ띾꙳쓲듁뚡ꅝHarrigan, 1988ꅆKogut, 1988ꅆGeringer and Hebert, 1991ꅞꕈꙘ룪ꗸ띾꒧꙳겡뉶ꅝFranko, 1971ꅆStopford and Wells, 1972ꅆKilling, 1982ꅆHarrigan, 1988ꅆGeringer, 1990ꅆGeringer and Hebert, 1991ꅞ꣓뿅뙱냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ셚껄ꫭ뉻ꅃ 냑ꅂꕄ왛ꚡ몡띎땻ꯗ뗻꛴볐 Ꙣꕄ왛ꚡ몡띎땻ꯗ뗻꛴볐ꓨ궱ꅁ껚뻚ꕈꑗ꧒굺ꅁ끝냈셚껄뗻꛴볐ꯈ왛ꚡ셚껄뗻꛴볐ꅁ쇶땍걏뻇돌녠꣏ꗎ꒧냪믚Ꙙ룪셚껄뿅뙱ꓨꚡꅁ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾덱녠꣣돆ꗀ꒽ꕱ꧒뷡꒩꒧듁떦늤꧊ꗘꪺꅁ꣒꙰럭ꙡꖫ돵ꪺ꣺녯ꅂ귬껆ꪺ꣺녯떥ꅃꙝꚹ떦늤꧊ꗘꪺꪺ륆ꚨꯗꕩ꿠룻꣤ꕌ뿅뙱Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧볐ꟳ결궫굮ꅁꗧꝙ쇶땍땵듁끝냈셚껄꒣꣎ꅁ걏냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾덂꧳꒣쎭ꥷꪺꪬ멁ꅁ굙듁떦늤꧊ꗘꪺꪺ륆ꚨꯗ낪ꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ맯꧳냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ셚껄ꫭ뉻꒴ꕩ꿠띐꣬몡띎ꅃꙝꚹ낣ꑆꕈ땵듁끝냈셚껄뗻꛴볐ꯈ왛ꚡ셚껄뗻꛴볐꣓뗻꛴냪믚Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧ꕾꅁ삳녎꣤ꕌꥷ꧊꒧볐ꙃꑊꛒ뙱ꅝGeringer and Hebert, 1991ꅞꅃꗑꚹꕩꪾꅁ굙ꕵ걏ꕈ끝냈꧊볐ꯈ왛ꚡ볐꣓뿅뙱냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾셚껄ꅁꣃ꒣꿠뵔꓁뗻꛴Ꙙ룪셚껄ꪺꙮ썡뭐ꝟꅃ 냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꚨꗟꫬ듁ꅁꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꖻꢭꥼꖼ쎭ꥷꅁꛓꕂ꧒궱셻ꪺꕾꙢ 41
샴맒궷쁉꧊룻ꑪꅁꚹ껉Ꙣ끝냈볐ꅝ꣒꙰샲ꝑ뉶ꅞꑗꪺꫭ뉻ꣃ꒣곰ꕘꅁ굙걏ꕈꚹ쉟ꥷ냪믚Ꙙ룪셚껄꒣꣎ꅁꭨꕩ꿠늣ꗍ낾뭾ꅁ꧒ꕈ삳ꕈ룻뷨꓆ꪺ뿅뙱볐ꅝ꙰귻ꑵꑨ껰ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꪺꥍ뿓ꅞ꣓뿅뙱Ꙙ룪셚껄룻결꒽꒹ꅃ땍ꛓ쁈뗛냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ롧샧덶몥ꡂꑊ굹륄ꅁ롧샧ꚨꩇ녎ꫭ뉻Ꙣ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ샲ꝑ꿠ꑏꅁꚹ껉ꕈ끝냈볐꣓뗻꛴Ꙙ룪셚껄녎ꟳ결ꯪ럭ꅃ냲꧳ꕈꑗ꒧뷗굺ꅁ뷨꓆ꪺ뿅뙱볐ꕩ뗸결ꑊ볐ꅁ끝냈볐ꭨ뗸결늣ꕘ볐ꅁꑊꅝ듁ꅞ-늣ꕘꅝ땵듁ꅞ뿅뙱볐ꚨꑀ덳쓲녡ꅁ뗻꛴Ꙙ룪셚껄껉ꅁ삳ꛒ뱻덳쓲녡ꑗꪺꡃꑀ볐ꅁ꙰ꚹꭋꕩꙐ껉귝압땵듁꒧셚껄뿅뙱ꅝAnderson, 1990ꅞꅃ ꕴꑀꓨ궱ꅁꕈ돦ꑀꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾뫞뉺맯꧳ꙕ뚵뿅뙱볐몡띎ꯗ꒧ꪾ쒱꣓뗻꛴냪믚Ꙙ룪셚껄ꅁꭋꕩ뵔꓁ꪺ뿅뙱Ꙙ룪셚껄ꅝKilling, 1982ꅞꅁꛓꕂꕈꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ맯냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꕄ왛몡띎땻ꯗ꣓뿅뙱셚껄꣣ꚳꕈꑕ쁵쉉ꅇ꣤ꑀꅂꕩꕈꑆ룑냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾걏ꝟ닅ꙘꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꪺ듁뇦ꅝKilling, 1982ꅆSchaan,1983ꅆBeamish, 1985ꅞꅃ꣤ꑇꅂꕄ왛ꚡ몡띎땻ꯗ뗻꛴볐뭐ꯈ왛ꚡ셚껄뗻꛴볐ꚳ엣뗛ꪺꖿ곛쏶ꅁꙝꚹ셚껄뗻꛴떲ꩇꕩꕈꙐ껉걍ꕘ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ땵듁ꗘ볐륆ꚨꯗꅝGeringer and Hebert, 1991ꅞꅃ ꕈꕄ왛ꚡ몡띎땻ꯗ뗻꛴볐꣓뿅뙱Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾셚껄ꗧꚳ꣤꿊쉉ꅁꙝ결Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꖻꢭ꧒ꚳꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ맯꧳Ꙙ룪셚껄꧒꯹ꪺ볐럇곝ꩫꕩ꿠꒣ꑀ교ꅁ굙걏ꕈ돦ꑀꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꣓뗻꛴Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾셚껄ꅁꭨ뗻꛴떲ꩇꕩ꿠늣ꗍ낾뭾ꪺ놡ꩰꅁ꧒ꕈ결ꑆ삱룉ꚹ뿅뙱ꓨꚡ꒧꿊뎴ꅁ삳뺨뙱뭠뚰Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ맯꧳Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾셚껄몡띎땻ꯗ꒧룪껆ꅝSchaan, 1983ꅆLane and Beamish, 1987ꅞꅃ 롧ꗑꕈꑗꚳ쏶냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾셚껄뗻꛴꒧곛쏶ꓥ쑭땯뉻ꅁ뗻꛴Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾셚껄삳뇄ꗎꕄ왛ꚡ몡띎땻ꯗ뗻꛴볐룻꣎ꅁ낣ꑆ꒣꣼꣏ꗎ끝냈꧊볐꒧뫘뫘궭꣮ꅁꙐ껉ꗧꕩ뗻꛴Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾땵듁꒧셚껄ꅁ굙걏ꕈꕄ왛ꚡ몡띎땻ꯗ뗻꛴볐꣓뿅뙱Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾셚껄ꅁ녎룻꣤ꕌ뿅뙱볐ꟳ꣣ꞹ뻣꧊ꅃꙝꚹ결ꑆꚳ껄뗻꛴냪믚Ꙙ룪셚껄ꅁꣃꕂꚳ얲꧳끝냈꧊볐뭐ꯈ왛ꚡ셚껄뗻꛴볐꒧Ꙩ뫘궭꣮ꅁꖻ곣ꡳꗧ뇄ꗎꕄ왛ꚡ몡띎땻ꯗ뗻꛴볐꣓뿅뙱냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾셚 42
껄ꅁꛓꕂꕄ굮걏ꕈꕸ왗ꗀ꒽ꕱ맯냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾셚껄ꪺ몡띎땻ꯗ뿅뙱꒧ꅁꚹ뭐Killingꅝ1982ꅞꅂSchaanꅝ1983ꅞBeamishꅝ1985ꅞ꧒뇄ꗎ꒧뿅뙱ꓨꚡ곛Ꙑꅃꖻ곣ꡳ링룕녎냪믚Ꙙ룪셚껄냏꓀결ꑔ멣궱ꅁꕝ걁껄ꩇ멣궱ꅝEffectivenessꅞꅂ껄뉶멣궱ꅝEfficiencyꅞ빁삳꧊멣궱ꅝAdaptivenessꅞꅃ꣤꒤껄ꩇ셚껄멣궱ꕄ굮걏뿅뙱냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꗘ볐ꪺ륆땻ꯗꅁꣃꕂ뗛궫Ꙣꭄ끝냈꧊ꗘ볐꒧륆땻ꯗꅆ껄뉶셚껄멣궱ꕄ굮걏ꛒ뱻냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꑊ뭐늣ꕘ꒧뚡ꪺ쏶셰꧊ꅁꗎ꣓뿅뙱냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒧샲ꝑ꿠ꑏꅆ빁삳꧊셚껄멣궱ꕄ굮걏뿅뙱냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾맯꧳ꕾꙢ샴맒엜냊ꪺ빁삳꿠ꑏꅃꖻ곣ꡳ꧒뇄ꗎ꒧뿅뙱ꓨꚡ뭐Homburgꅝ1999ꅞRuekertꅂWalker and Roeringꅝ1985ꅞ맯뽗룪ꗸ띾롧샧셚껄꒧뿅뙱ꓨꚡ곛Ꙑꅃ껚뻚ꕈꑗ냪믚Ꙙ룪셚껄뗻꛴꒧뷗굺ꅁꖻ곣ꡳ꿷녎ꚳ쏶냪믚Ꙙ룪셚껄뗻꛴꒧ꓨꚡ꒩ꕈ꓀쏾뻣뉺꙰ꑕꅇ ꫭ2-10 냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾셚껄뗻꛴꒧곛쏶ꓥ쑭 뿅뙱볐 볐꒺깥 곛쏶뻇 끝냈셚껄뗻꛴볐샲ꝑ뉶ꅂꚨ뉶ꅂROIꅂTomlinsoꅝn1970ꅞꅂLecrawꅝ1984ꅞꅂꅝFinancial ROA믹떥 Artisien and Buckleyꅝ1985ꅞꅂDimensionꅞ Osland and Cavusgilꅝ1996ꅞ ꯈ왛ꚡ셚껄뗻꛴Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ꒣쎭ꥷ꧊ꅂꙘFrankoꅝ1971ꅞꅂStopford and Wells볐ꅝObjective 룪ꗸ띾꒧꙳겡뉶ꅂꙘ룪ꗸꅝ1972ꅞꅂKillingꅝ1982ꅞꅂHarriganDimensionꅞ 띾꙳쓲듁뚡떥 ꅝ1988ꅞꅂGomes-Casseresꅝ1990ꅞꅂ Geringerꅝ1990ꅞꅂKogutꅝ1988ꅞꅂ Geringer and Hebertꅝ1991ꅞꅂChowdburyꅝ1992ꅞ ꕄ왛ꚡ몡띎땻ꯗ뗻빐냢ꓴ럇ꅂꖫ돵ꚳ뉶ꅂKillingꅝ1982ꅞꅂSchaanꅝ1983ꅞꅂ꛴볐ꅝSubjective샲ꝑ꿠ꑏꅂꚨꖻ놱꣮ꅂꙘBeamishꅝ1985ꅞꅂRuekertꅁWalker Dimensionꅞ 룪꒧뫞뉺ꅂ덎땯깩ꅂ늣and Roeringꅝ1985ꅞꅂAwadzꅝi1987ꅞ ꭾ덝군ꅂ뭳덹/ꭾ뷨놱꣮ꅂAndersonꅝ1990ꅞꅂGeringer and 귻ꑵꗍ늣ꑏꅂꛦ빐ꅂ끴빐ꅂHebertꅝ1991ꅞꅂHomburgꅝ1999ꅞ 셮앁ꅂ압ꯈꩁ냈ꅂꗀ꒽ꕱ꽁ꑊ꒧믝굮땻ꯗꅆ껄ꩇ셚껄멣궱ꅂ껄뉶셚껄멣궱ꅂ빁삳꧊셚껄멣궱떥 43
ꖻ뎹뗹쓀ꅇ 뗹1ꅂꖻ걱ꓞ굺ꛛꝤꭃ꩑ꅝ1996ꅞꅃꙢ꣤ꅵ냪믚ꗸ띾뫞뉺ꅇ뉺뷗뭐맪냈ꅶ뗛Ꝁ꒤ꅁ 뒿녎떦늤셰럹뭐Ꙙ룪롧샧Ꙣꩫꯟꚡꅂ꙳쓲듁뚡ꅂ띳닕슴ꚨꗟ놱꣮뭐ꛛ ꕄꑗꝀꑀ냏ꝏꅁ떲ꩇ꙰ꑕꫭ꧒ꗜꅇ ꙘꝀ떦늤 ꩫꯟꚡ ꙳쓲듁뚡 띳닕슴ꚨꗟ 놱꣮뭐ꛛꕄ Ꙙ룪롧샧 ꒽ꕱ 듁 걏 ꑪ ꮴ곹ꚡ떦늤Ꙙ맙 ꒤듁 걏/ꝟ ꒤ 셰럹 껑궱ꮴ곹 땵/꒤듁 ꝟ ꑰ ꑦ쁙꧓뿕 땵/꒤듁 ꝟ ꑰ 뗹2ꅂꖻ걱ꓞ굺ꛛꓽ껵꒹ꅝ1992ꅞꅃꙢ꣤ꅵ냪믚ꙘꝀ맪ꗎꅇꗸ띾냪믚꓆ꅶ뗛 Ꝁ꒤ꅁ녎Ꙙ룪ꅂ쇊꣖Ꙙ꣖꒧쏶ꭙꅁꕈꑕ맏ꫭꗜ꒧ꅇ 뽗 Ꙙ 룪 룪 룪ꖻ떲ꚬꙘ쇊Ꙁ앶Ꙑꅝꕴ걙덝ꓨꙘ룪ꚨꙘ띾룪띾ꅞ ꚬ쇊앶ꚬ쇊룪꒽늣ꕱꙘ뙒꣖ꓨ꒽ꕱꩆ뭐뚡뷦덝뒫ꓨꗟ놱ꩆ뚡꒽뒫ꕱ Ꙩ볆Ꙙ룪맯ꕢꙘ룪ꓖ볆Ꙙ룪 뗹3ꅂꖻ걱ꓞ굺ꛛꝤꭃ꩑ꅝ1996ꅞꅃ 44
뗹4ꅂ곣ꡳ맯꧳Ꙙ룪꒧꓀쏾꙰ꑕꅇ 1.껚뻚냑뭐싹ꓨꙢꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦ꑗ꧒면ꪺꢤꛢꅁꕩ녎Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꓀결ꑔ뫘ꮬ멁 ꅝKilling, 1982ꅞꅇ ꅝ1ꅞ냑뭐꒽ꕱꕄ뻉Ꙙ룪ꅝDominant Partners JVꅞ 띎꣤꒤ꑀꓨꪺ냑뭐꒽ꕱꙢꙘ룪롧샧ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁ면ꕄ뻉ꪺꢤꛢꅃ ꅝ2ꅞꙀꙐ뫞뉺Ꙙ룪ꅝShared Management JVꅞ 띎싹ꓨ냑뭐꒽ꕱ뽮랥냑뭐Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒧ꡍ떦꣮ꥷꅁ뢳라꣣맪뷨ꡍ떦굱 뻷꿠ꅃ ꅝ3ꅞ뽗ꗟꛛꕄꙘ룪ꅝIndependent JVꅞ 띎Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾뫞뉺ꖻꢭꙢꡍ떦꣮ꥷ륌땻꒤ꅁ꣣ꚳ곛럭땻ꯗꪺꕄ뻉앶ꅃ 2. 껚뻚냑뭐싹ꓨ맯Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ놱꣮땻ꯗꅁꕩ녎Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꓀결ꑔ뫘ꮬ멁ꅝRoot, 1988ꅞꅃ ꅝ1ꅞ깺뛕놱꣮Ꙙ룪ꅝWeak Control JVꅞ 띎ꑀꓨ냑뭐꒽ꕱ꯹ꚳ꒧앶ꓱ꣒룻ꓖꅁ곛맯뷍Ꝑꑏ깺ꅁꙢꙘ룪ꗸ띾꒤룻 때뱶암ꑏꅃ ꅝ2ꅞꙀ놱꣮Ꙙ룪ꅝShared Control JVꅞ 띎싹ꓨ냑뭐꒽ꕱ꯹ꚳ꒧앶ꓱ꣒곛럭ꅁꚳꞡ떥ꪺ곛맯뷍ꝐꑏꅁꙢꙘ룪 ꗸ띾꒤뱶암ꑏ곛Ꙑꅃ ꅝ3ꅞ녪뛕놱꣮Ꙙ룪ꅝStrong Control JVꅞ 띎ꑀꓨ냑뭐꒽ꕱ꯹ꚳ꒧앶ꓱ꣒룻Ꙩꅁ곛맯뷍Ꝑꑏ녪ꅁꙢꙘ룪ꗸ띾꒤룻 ꣣뱶암ꑏꅃ 3. 껚뻚냑뭐꒽ꕱ꒧떦늤냊뻷ꅁꕩ녎Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꓀결ꑇ뫘ꮬ멁ꅝHennart, 1988ꅞꅇ ꅝ1ꅞ덗볒Ꙙ룪ꅝScale JVꅞ 띎냑뭐꒽ꕱ냲꧳곛Ꙑꪺ떦늤냊뻷ꛓ닕ꚨꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꅁ꣒꙰ꙖꭥꙖꯡꮫꪽ 뻣Ꙙꅂꓴꖭ쉘녩Ꙩꢤ꓆ꅃ ꅝ2ꅞ덳떲Ꙙ룪ꅝLink JVꅞ 띎냑뭐꒽ꕱ냲꧳꒣Ꙑꪺ떦늤냊뻷ꛓ닕ꚨꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꅁ꣒꙰ꑀꓨ꒧냊뻷결ꮫ ꪽ뻣Ꙙꅁꕴꑀꓨ결Ꙩꢤ꓆ꅃ 4. 껚뻚냑뭐꒽ꕱ꒧ꛦ띾곛쏶땻ꯗꅁꕩ녎Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꓀결ꑔ뫘ꮬ멁ꅝHerzfeld, 1989ꅞꅇ ꅝ1ꅞ뻮ꙖꙘ룪ꅝHorizontal JVꅞ 냑뭐싹ꓨꙢꙐꑀꛦ띾ꅁꣃꕂ꣣ꚳ곛ꙐꪺꗘꪺꛓꙀ닕Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꅃ ꅝ2ꅞ셡ꙖꙘ룪ꅝVertical JVꅞ 냑뭐싹ꓨꙢꙐꑀꛦ띾ꅁ덂꧳ꗍ늣뭳덹륌땻ꪺ꒣Ꙑ뚥걱ꅁ땍ꛓꅁ싹ꓨꡍꥷ ꙀꙐ롧샧ꑗ듥ꑕ듥걙귓ꗍ늣륌땻ꛓꙀ닕Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꅃ ꅝ3ꅞ룳ꛦ띾Ꙙ룪ꅝConglomerate JVꅞ 45
냑뭐싹ꓨꙢꙐꑀꛦ띾ꅁ결롧샧ꑀ귓뭐ꦼꚹꛦ띾꒣곛쏶꒧믢냬ꛓꙀ닕Ꙙ룪 ꗸ띾ꅃ 뗹5ꅂꗦ꧶ꚨꖻ뉺뷗뭐떦늤ꛦ결뉺뷗꣢꒧뚡꣣깴늧꧊ꅁ삳결꒬룉ꛓꭄ듀ꕎꅝKogut, 1988ꅞꅁ꣢꒧깴늧꙰ꑕꅇ 1.ꙘꝀ냊뻷ꓨ궱ꅇ떦늤ꛦ결뉺뷗뭻결ꗸ띾ꪺꗘ볐Ꙣ꧳ꝑ볭랥ꑪ꓆ꅆꛓꗦ꧶ꚨꖻ뉺뷗뭻결ꗸ띾ꪺꗘ볐Ꙣ꧳ꗍ늣ꗦ꧶ꚨꖻ꒧ꥍ랥ꑰ꓆ꅃ 2.Ꙙ룪맯뙈뿯뻜ꓨ궱ꅇ떦늤ꛦ결뉺뷗걏껚뻚Ꙙ룪맯뙈꒧곛맯쑶ꪧꙡꛬ결뿯뻜뻚ꅁꛓꗦ꧶ꚨꖻ뉺뷗ꖼꕘꚹ쉉ꅃ 뗹6ꅂ덳떲쏶ꭙꚳ꣢뫘ꅝPfeffer and Nowak,1976ꅞꅇ 1.쑶ꪧ꧊꒬ꅝCompetitive interdependenceꅞꅇ 띎Ꙑꑀ늣띾ꪺ곛ꗸ띾뚡ꅁꙝ늣ꭾꩁ냈곛꫱ꛓꚨꪺ쑶ꪧ쏶ꭙꅁꙢꚹ놡ꑕ덱녠라ꛒ뱻ꕈꙘ룪Ꙙ꣖꣓뫞뉺ꚹ놡ꩰꅃ 2.Ꙁꗍ꧊꒬꧊ꅝSymbiotic interdependenceꅞꅇ 띎꒣곛꒧ꗸ띾뚡꒬ꪺ놡ꅁ걏ꑀ뫘ꗍ늣륌땻꒤ꮫꪽ뱨궱ꪺ꒬ꅁ덱녠ꕩꕈ떲Ꙙ꣢ꗸ띾꒧쁵뛕ꅁ멉룉땵ꅁ뱗ꕛ싹ꓨ꒧셚껄ꅃ 뗹7ꅂꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ맯냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒧ꥷ믹ꅂ늣ꭾ덝군ꅂ뭳땻떥ꡍ떦꒧ꡍ떦ꓨꚡꕩ꓀결꒻뫘ꮬ멁ꅝKilling, 1982ꅞꅇ 1.ꗑ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒧굴덤ꑈ돦뽗굴덤ꅃ 2.ꗑ럭ꙡ냑뭐꒽ꕱ굴덤ꅃ 3.ꗑ냪ꕾ냑뭐꒽ꕱ굴덤ꅃ 4.ꗑ럭ꙡ냑뭐꒽ꕱ뒣꣑룪껆떹Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒧굴덤ꑈꗑ꣤ꡍꥷꅃ 5.ꗑ냪ꕾ냑뭐꒽ꕱ뒣꣑룪껆떹Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒧굴덤ꑈꗑ꣤ꡍꥷꅃ 6.ꗑ냑뭐싹ꓨꙀꙐꡍꥷꅃ 뗹8ꅂꑀ꿫ꛓꢥꅁꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦뻷멣뻚ꡍ떦뚵꒧꧊뷨ꅁ꓀결꣢뫘ꮬꚡꅇ 굙걏ꓩ녠샧륂꒧ꑀ꿫ꡍ떦ꅁꭨꕈ뢳라결ꡍ떦뻷멣ꅁꙢꮴ곹ꑗꅁ뢳라ꡍ 쒳꒧돌ꝃꕘ깵ꑈ볆ꚳꑀꥷꓱ뉶ꅃ꣒꙰ꅁꕸ왗ꅹ꒽ꕱꩫꅺ덗ꥷꑀ꿫ꡍ쒳믝ꕢ 볆뢳ꕘ깵ꅃꚹꕾꅁꗧꕩꧺꥷ꽓ꝏ뚵믝롧Ꙩꓖꓱ뉶ꪺ뢳Ꙑ띎ꅁꑾ뫢뢳 라ꡍ쒳덱륌ꅆ굙걏뫲ꯦ뚵ꅝ꽓ꝏ뚵ꅞ꒧ꡍ쒳ꅁ덱녠라뙽ꩆ라쒳ꅁ ꛓꕸ왗ꅹ꒽ꕱꩫꅺ덗ꥷ믝ꚳꑔ꓀꒧ꑇ뢳ꕘ깵ꅁꕂ깥덜ꓖ볆앶Ꙣ ꩆ라뻖ꚳꝟꡍ앶ꅁꕈꭏ앀ꓖ볆ꩆꅃ 뗹9ꅂ덱녠ꓖ볆ꩆꙢꑀ꿫뚵꒧ꡍ쒳껉룻꧳깺뛕ꅁ꧒ꕈꓖ볆ꩆꕩꙢꙘ룪ꚨꗟ꒧ꭥꅁ륂ꗎꖻꢭ꣣돆꒧쁵뛕ꅁ뺨ꕩ꿠ꙢꙘ룪ꮴ곹꒤ꪧ꣺삳ꚳ꒧앶ꑏꅁ꣏꒧낣ꑆ뻖ꚳ꽓ꝏ뚵ꡍ쒳꒧ꝟꡍ앶ꕾꅁꗧ뻖ꚳꑀ꿫뚵ꡍ쒳꒧ꝟꡍ앶ꅃ 46
뗹10ꅂ ꝟꡍ앶ꪺ덝롭뗸럭ꙡ걆ꦲ꒧ꩫꕏꛓꚳ꧒깴늧ꅁ꣒꙰냪ꅹ꒽ꕱꩫꅺ덗ꥷ걙꒽ꕱ궫ꑪꡍ떦ꪺꡍ쒳덱륌ꅁ뚷ꑔ꓀꒧ꑇꪺꩆꕘ깵ꕢ볆Ꙑ띎ꅁ굙Ꙩ볆앶뻖ꚳ꯹ꚳꑔ꓀꒧ꑇꕈꑗꗷꅁ맯꧳Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒧샧륂ꚳ떴맯ꪺ놱꣮앶ꅁꓖ볆ꩆꣃ때ꝟꡍ앶ꅁ굙Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾뎹땻녎ꑔ꓀꒧ꑇ꒧ꕘ깵뉶뒣낪결ꕼ꓀꒧ꑔꅁꭨꙨ볆앶뻖ꚳ꯹ꚳ꒧ꗷ꒣ꕼ꓀꒧ꑔꅁꭨꓖ볆ꩆꝙꚳꝟꡍ앶ꅃꕴꑀꓨ궱ꅁ굙ꓖ볆ꩆꑀꪽ꣏ꗎꝟꡍ앶ꅁꕩ꿠덹ꚨ걙꽓ꝏꡍ쒳뚵때ꩫꡍ쒳덱륌ꅁꙝꚹꅁꙢꙘ룪ꮴ곹ꑗꕩ곹ꥷꅁ굙ꡍ쒳뚵ꙝ비ꝟꡍꛓ때ꩫ덱륌륆ꑀꥷꚸ볆껉ꅁ뒣쒳꒧ꩆ녯ꕈ굮ꡄ맯꒧ꩆ녎꧒꯹ꚳ꒧앶신엽ꅁ싇ꚹ룑ꡍ싹ꓨꢣꅁꗑ뒣쒳ꑀꓨ굱ꥷ믹껦ꅁ맯ꑀꓨꡍꥷ뙒뷦ꅃ 뗹11ꅂ굙걏ꛒ뱻ꕾꙢ샴맒엜냊땻ꯗꑪꑰꅁꭨꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑땻ꯗ뭐셚껄뚡ꕩ꿠ꝥ뉻ꑀꚱ뵵쏶ꭙꅝPriem, 1990ꅞꅁ꣤맏ꗜ꙰ꑕꅇ 셚껄 샴맒쎭ꥷ 샴맒엜냊 ꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑땻ꯗ 47
닄ꑔ뎹 귓껗곣ꡳ ꖻ곣ꡳ껚뻚륌ꕨ곛쏶ꓥ쑭꒧Ꙟ압ꅁꙢꭥ뎹뇀뷗ꖻ곣ꡳ꒧곣ꡳ낲뮡ꅁꣃꕂꯘꗟ낲뮡꒧뉺뷗뻚ꅃꙢꖻ뎹론링룕ꕈ귓껗곣ꡳꓨꚡ샋엧ꖻ곣ꡳ꒧ꕄ굮낲뮡ꅁ듁뇦싇ꗑ맪냈궱ꪺ왛맮ꅁ꿠냷맯꧳ꖻ곣ꡳ꒧ꕄ굮낲뮡ꚳ꧒귗ꖿꝀꗎꅁ싇ꗑ맪냈궱뭐뉺뷗궱꒧곛뮲곛ꚨꅁ꣏ꖻ곣ꡳ꒧뉺뷗걛멣ꟳ뾲ꞹ돆ꅁꣃꕂꟳ뙋꫱맪냈ꅃ ꖻ곣ꡳ뱦띖ꪺ뽺뿯닅Ꙙ뇸ꗳ궭꣮꒧볋ꖻ뱴냓ꅁ돌ꯡ뿯뻜ꑔ깡뱴냓맪ꙡ놴던ꅁꚹꑔ깡뱴냓꓀쓝꒣Ꙑ늣띾ꝏꅁ꓀ꝏ걏륱뺹륱ꑬ뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾ꅂ궹ꭾ뚼껆뭳덹띾ꅂ꿈꿈뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾떥ꑔ깡뱴냓ꅃꙢ던뷍맯뙈뱨꿅ꓨ궱ꅁꑀꛬ걏셠롧뉺꽓ꝏꝕ뉺ꅂꑀꛬ걏룪띾덂덎ꙘꝀ뷒뷒ꅂꕴꑀꛬ걏ꣳ뉺ꅃꖻ곣ꡳ녎Ꙣꕈꑕ끷맯ꚹꑔ깡뱴냓꒧던뷍꒺깥ꕛꕈ둹굺ꅁ돌ꯡ뙩ꛦ귓껗ꓱ룻꓀꩒ꅃꙢ던뷍꒺깥ꪺ둹굺ꑗꅁꖻ곣ꡳꕈA꒽ꕱꅂB꒽ꕱC꒽ꕱ듀ꕎ꒽ꕱꙗ뫙ꅁ귬ꙝꙢ꧳맯ꓨ뭻결던뷍꒺깥쓝꧳룓꒽ꕱ꒧냓띾뻷녋ꅁ걏ꖿꙢ뙩ꛦ꒧껗ꗳꅁ꧒ꕈ꒣ꥹ꒽뙽ꅃꖻ곣ꡳ꿷녎귓껗꒧굉뒺뮡ꧺ꙰ꑕꅃ ꫭ3-1 귓껗굉뒺 귓껗 귓껗A 귓껗B 귓껗C 뚵ꗘ 늣띾ꝏ 궹ꭾ뭳덹띾 륱뺹륱ꑬ뭳ꭾ뭳 꿈꿈뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾 덹띾 룪냪 ꒤냪ꑪ뎰 ꓩꖻ ꒤냪ꑪ뎰 앶 볋ꖻ뱴냓 60ꉍ 50ꉍ 51ꉍ ꓱ꣒ Ꙙ룪맯뙈 40ꉍ 50ꉍ 49ꉍ 앶떲멣엜냊 때 ꚳꅝ1ꚸꅞ 때 던뷍맯뙈뱨꿅 셠롧뉺꽓ꝏꝕ뉺 뷒 ꣳ뉺 던뷍껉뚡 ꗁ냪91꙾7ꓫ1ꓩ ꗁ냪91꙾7ꓫ1ꓩ ꗁ냪91꙾7ꓫ3ꓩ PM3:40~4:30 PM2:00~2:40 PM12:30~1:00 48
닄ꑀ론 귓껗뮡ꧺ 돼ꅂ귓껗A ꑀꅂ꒽ꕱ슲꒶ A꒽ꕱꚨꗟ꧳ꗁ냪44꙾ꅁ꒽ꕱ늣ꭾꕄ굮ꕩ냏꓀결슳궹ꕛꑵꅂ륃뢥늣빐륁ꑵ뺹꣣ꑔꑪ쏾ꅁ꣤꒤ꕈ슳궹ꕛꑵ꧒띾냈ꓱ뉶돌ꑪꅁ곹샧띾썂꒧ꛊ꓀꒧ꑋꑑꑇꅃ멉ꛜꑋꑑꑅ꙾꦳ꅁ룪ꖻ썂군띳ꕸ맴꒻ꑑꕼ믵ꑋꕡ롕ꅃA꒽ꕱꙢꗁ냪ꑋꑑꑔ꙾굵ꑪ뎰룪ꅁꗘꭥꙢꑪ뎰ꚳꕼ깡꓀꒽ꕱꅁꑑꑇ귓뿬덂ꅂꑀꛊ꒭ꑑꑇ귓롧빐쉉ꅁꖼ꣓녎꯹쓲쉘ꕒꅃ ꑇꅂ귓껗둹굺 ꚹꙘ룪껗결A꒽ꕱꗘꭥꖿꙢꑪ뎰뙩ꛦꪺ껗ꗳꅁA꒽ꕱ꯹ꚳ60ꉍꪺ앶ꅁꙘ룪맯뙈꯹ꚳ40ꉍꪺ앶ꅁꣃꕂꙢ럭ꙡ덝ꗟꑀꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꅃ ꅝꑀꅞ?Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧쏶ꭙ 1.룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ ꙢꚹꙘ룪껗꒤ꅁ맯ꓨ뻖ꚳ덎쁵뛕ꅁA꒽ꕱ꧳Ꙩ볆ꅃ굙끷맯ꚹꙘ룪 껗ꅁ뛀꽓ꝕ뭻결ꅁꗴꑀꓨꗀ꒽ꕱ룪랽싗둉뭐ꝟ맯꧳ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ뱶암ꣃ꒣걏떴맯ꪺꚳꡓꚳꅁ꣢꒧뚡ꪺ쏶ꭙ삳룓라쁈껉뚡ꪺ걹덵ꅁ싹ꓨꛬ뛕녪깺ꪺ엜ꛓ늣ꗍ엜꓆ꅃ뛀꽓ꝕ뭻결룪랽싗둉ꪺꑀꓨ덜라꣺녯룻ꑪꪺ뷍Ꝑꑏ뙱ꅁꚹ뉻뙈ꣃ꒣ꧺ엣ꛓꕂ꒣ꑛꅃꙢꚹꙘ룪껗꒤ꅁ쇶땍맯ꓨ뻖ꚳ덎쁵뛕ꅁ귨뙽ꥬꕩ꿠Ꙣꡍ떦ꑗ꣺녯룻ꑪꪺ뷍Ꝑꑏꛓ뻖ꚳꡍ떦ꕄ뻉앶ꅁA꒽ꕱ걏꯹ꚳꙨ볆ꪺꑪꩆꅁꙐ볋뻖ꚳ곛럭땻ꯗꪺ뱶암ꑏꅁꣃꕂꙢꙘꝀ륌땻꒤ꅁA꒽ꕱ꒣쉟ꪺꕾ겣ꑈ귻ꛜ럭ꙡ뻇닟띳덎ꅁ쇶땍Ꙣ덎ꪺ뎡꓀꒣꿠뒣ꕘ띎ꢣꅁ덺륌덎꒧뻇닟ꭋꕩꢳ덴꣺녯덎know-howꅁꙝꛓ덶몥뱗ꕛ뷍Ꝑꑏ뙱ꅃ뛀꽓ꝕ뭻결꒽ꕱꖲ뚷꙰ꚹ낵ꅁꙝ결맯ꓨ꧳곛맯ꓖ볆ꅁ곕빬 49
꓀끴룻ꓖꅁꖼ꣓ꕩ꿠라ꗵꕍꖻꢭꪺ덎쁵뛕ꛓ굮ꡄ뱗룪떲ꟴꙘꝀ쏶ꭙꅁ꧒ꕈA꒽ꕱꖲ뚷Ꟗ덴뻇닟띳덎ꕈꢾ녷ꖼ땍ꅁꙝꚹ뛀꽓ꝕ뭻결뷍Ꝑꑏ곆ꡍ떦ꕄ뻉앶ꪺ꣺녯ꅁ낣ꑆꖻꢭ꣣돆꒧꿠ꑏꕾꅁ꯹ꚳ앶Ꙩ맨걏ꑀ쏶쇤ꅃ ꙢꚹꙘ룪껗꒤ꅁA꒽ꕱ빐냢ꓨ궱ꪺ롧엧룻꒣ꢬꅁ꣒꙰늣ꭾ뇀ꕘꅂ늣ꭾꥷ믹떥ꅁꗑ꧳Ꙣꖫ돵빐냢ꪺꝐ쉟ꑗ룻때롧엧ꅁ꧒ꕈꙢꡍ떦ꑗꖲ뚷ꗑ맯ꓨ뗻꛴꣤ꕩꛦ꧊ꅃꚹꕾꅁꕌ뭻결Ꙣꡍ떦ꪺ륌땻꒤ꅁ쇶땍라땯ꗍ걙ꓨꕄ뻉ꡍ떦륌땻ꪺ놡ꩰꅁꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꑪꙨ곒꯹곛꒬둌궫ꪺ귬ꭨꅁꗴ꛳ꡍ떦ꖲ뚷ꗾ귻Ꙑ띎ꑾ녯ꕈ덱륌ꅁꝟꭨ맯꧳ꦼꚹꪺꙘꝀ쏶ꭙ녎덹ꚨꯜꑪꪺ뛋깠ꅃ 2.랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ 뛀꽓ꝕ뭻결ꙢꙘꝀꪺ륌땻꒤ꅁꦼꚹꙢ랾덱ꑗꚳꯜꑪꪺ냝썄ꅃA꒽ꕱ걏ꚨꗟꑷꑛꪺꗸ띾ꅁ룻궫뗸땻Ꟈ뭐뚥꿅왛꧀ꅁ꧒ꕈꗑ낪뚥뫞뉺꣮ꥷꡍ떦ꅁꑕ쓝냵ꛦꡍ떦ꅁ맯ꓨ궫뗸뱵꧊뭐껉껄ꅃꙢꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦ꪺ륌땻꒤ꅁA꒽ꕱꕎꫭꑈ귻롧녠때ꩫ껉Ꝁꕘꡍꥷꅁꖲ뚷뷐ꗜꗀ꒽ꕱ낪뚥뫞뉺ꅁ맯ꓨ냲꧳늣ꭾꗍꥒ뙧듁룻땵ꪺꛒ뙱ꅁ녪뷕ꡍ떦ꪺ껉껄꧊ꅁ꧒ꕈ룻때ꩫ꣼ꡍ떦ꑗꪺꦵꖹꅁ덹ꚨ싹ꓨ롧녠꒣꧶꣺녯Ꙁ쏑ꅃꙐ껉맯ꓨ결ꑆꟖ덴꣺녯ꡍ떦ꑗꪺꙀ쏑ꅁ롧녠녎끔꺧ꪽ놵뛇뮼떹ꕴꑀꓨꗀ꒽ꕱ낪뚥뫞뉺ꅁ땍ꯡ뫞뉺ꙁ녎끔꺧ꝩꪾꚹꙘ룪껗많뚤ꅁ꒣뛈많뚤ꑈ귻녯ꪾ끔꺧덴ꯗ룻멃ꅁꟳ뻉교싹ꓨ많뚤ꙕ뎡ꑈ귻때ꩫ덺륌돦뽗떡ꑦꪽ놵랾덱ꣳ뷕ꅁꙝꛓ늣ꗍ랾덱ꑗꪺ믙쎪ꅃ ꚹꕾꅁꕌ뭻결쇶땍A꒽ꕱ덎꿠ꑏ꒣ꢬꅁꗀ꒽ꕱ롧녠ꕾ겣ꑈ귻꣬럭ꙡ맪닟ꅁ냟ꚳꢳ덴뻇닟띳덎ꥍ뉠ꑊꪺꑆ룑ꅁꑾ꿠Ꙣ덎ꓨ궱뒣ꕘ띎ꢣꣃꕂ냑뭐ꡍ떦ꅁ꧒ꕈ싹ꓨ롧녠덎ꗦ걹ꅁꚳꝕ꧳ꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑ꪺ륆ꚨꅃ 3.떦늤궫굮꧊ 뛀꽓ꝕ뭻결ꅁ굙걏Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾걏면쏶쇤꧊ꪺꢤꛢꅁꗀ꒽ꕱ라뽮랥ꪺꑊꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ륂Ꝁ뭐ꡍ떦륌땻ꅁꣃꕂꕄ뻉ꡍ떦륌땻ꪺꗸ맏ꓟ띕녪ꅃ꣒꙰쇶땍A꒽ꕱ꒣꣣덎쁵뛕ꅁ뽮랥겣뮺ꑈ귻ꛜ럭ꙡ맪닟ꅁꟆ뇦ꢳ덴꣺녯덎 50
know-howꅁ싇ꚹ뱗ꕛꖻꢭꪺ뷍Ꝑꑏ뙱ꅁꛓꕂꗑ꧳꧳곛맯Ꙩ볆ꅁꭋꕩꕄ뻉ꡍ떦륌땻ꅁꭐ꣏싹ꓨ륆ꚨꙀ쏑ꅃ ꅝꑇꅞꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ 뛀꽓ꝕ뭻결Ꙣ뉺뷗ꑗꅁ굙싹ꓨꙢꡍ떦ꑗ꣺녯Ꙁ쏑땻ꯗ띕낪ꅁꙘ룪셚껄띕꣎ꅃꕌ뭻결싹ꓨ맯꧳ꚹꙘ룪껗곛쏶띾냈ꪺ롧엧보노땻ꯗꅁ맯꧳Ꙙ룪셚껄ꫭ뉻Ꙑ볋꣣뱶암꧊ꅁꗧꝙ굙걏ꗴꑀꓨ맯Ꙙ룪껗ꪺ곛쏶띾냈룻때롧엧꒣보노ꅁꙢꡍ떦ꑗꣃ꒣꿠뒣꣑띎ꢣ곝ꩫꅁ쇶땍ꦼꚹ뚡꣺녯ꡍ떦ꑗꪺꙀ쏑ꅁ맯꧳Ꙙ룪셚껄ꪺ뒣룻때ꧺ엣ꪺ산ꝕꅃꕌ뭻결Ꙣ싹ꓨ꣣돆싗둉롧엧ꪺꭥ뒣ꑕꅁ굙걏ꦼꚹ뚡꿠냷ꢳ덴륆ꚨꙀ쏑ꅁ맯꧳Ꙙ룪셚껄ꪺ뒣녎ꚳꖿ궱ꪺ산ꝕꅃꚹꕾꅁ뛀꽓ꝕ뭻결Ꙣꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑗ륆ꚨꙀ쏑맯Ꙙ룪셚껄ꫭ뉻ꗧꚳ뱶암ꅁ꣒꙰싹ꓨ라끷맯꣏ꗎ꛳꒧뫞뉺덗뎹뙩ꛦ끑뷗뙩ꛓ륆ꚨꙀ쏑ꅁ싇ꚹ론곙Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꚨꖻꛓ뱗뙩Ꙙ룪셚껄ꅃ ꅝꑔꅞꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ 뛀꽓ꝕ뭻결때뷗걏뽗룪Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꅁꕾꙢꖫ돵샴맒ꪺ엜냊맯ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦꣮ꥷ녎ꚳ곛럭ꑪꪺ뱶암ꅃꕌ뭻결Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦덴ꯗ룻멃ꅁꕾꙢꖫ돵샴맒엜냊Ꟗ덴ꅁ꧒ꕈꙢꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁꡍ떦꒧꣮ꥷ롧녠룲꒣ꑗ샴맒엜냊ꪺ롽ꡂꅁꙝꚹ롧녠땯ꗍꡍ떦뿹뭾ꪺ놡ꩰꅁꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡결ꑆ삱룉ꡍ떦ꑗꪺ늨ꖢꅁ껉녠꿓뙏ꟳꙨꪺ껉뚡ꅂ룪랽끷맯뿹뭾꒧ꡍ떦뙩ꛦ귗ꖿꑵꝀꅁ맯꧳Ꙙ룪셚껄ꫭ뉻뱶암곆륤ꅃ 뙌ꅂ귓껗B ꑀꅂ꒽ꕱ슲꒶ B꒽ꕱ돐ꗟ꧳ꗁ냪ꑃ꙾ꅁꚭ꙾ꕈ샧덹띾끟깡ꅁꕈ냭ꙵ맯압ꯈꪺꭈꗎ돾 51
ꥷ꒽ꕱ쎭ꪺ냲슦ꅃꗁ냪ꑔꑑꑋ꙾뙩ꑊ깡륱띾궫륱뻷띾ꅁ꒻ꑑꑀ꙾끟셠롧뉺냑ꕛ꒽ꕱ롧샧ꅁꑃꑑ꙾룳ꑊ룪끔띾ꅁ뻺롧둘ꚸ신ꮬꅁ덶ꡂ땯깩결뉛뭜궫륱ꅂ깡륱ꅂ륱ꑬꅂ덱ꭈꅂ꓆ꑵꅂ뻷뇱ꅂꛛ냊꓆덝돆ꅂ룪끔ꅂꗺ륱ꅂꕢ뻉엩ꅂ걍릳뫞ꕈꙕ뫘륱ꑬ륳닕ꗳ떥늣ꭾ꒧뫮Ꙙꑵ띾꒽ꕱꅁꗘꭥ듂룪끔깡륱ꅂ뫴룴떥낪곬덮엩믢냬땯깩ꅃB꒽ꕱ뉻ꚳ귻ꑵꑔ롕꒻ꑤꑈꅁꑔꑑ롕ꩆꅁ냪꒺ꑇ롕귻ꑵ꯹ꚳ꒽ꕱ20ꉈ꒧ꗷꅁ꧒ꗍ늣늣ꭾ륆ꑔꛊ뫘ꅁ꙾샧띾썂륆띳ꕸ맴ꑀꑤꑃꛊ믵꒸ꅃꗁ냪꒻ꑑꑀ꙾신룪과냪띳ꕛꅃ ꑇꅂ귓껗둹굺 ꚹꙘ룪껗결B꒽ꕱꗘꭥꖿꙢꓩꖻ뙩ꛦꪺ껗ꗳꅁB꒽ꕱ뭐Ꙙ룪맯뙈ꙕ꯹ꚳ50ꉍꪺ앶ꅁꣃꕂ싹ꓨꙘꝀ껉뚡뻺껉녹ꑛꅁꦼꚹ꒧뚡ꑷꚳ곛럭땻ꯗꪺꙘꝀ쁱ꮴꅃ ꅝꑀꅞ?Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧쏶ꭙ 1.룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ ꙢꚹꙘ룪껗꒤ꅁ녤뷒뭻결굙ꗀ꒽ꕱꪺ덎곣땯꿠ꑏ룻꣎ꅁ꿠냷샲녯룻ꑪꪺ뷍Ꝑꑏꛓꕄ뻉ꡍ떦꒧꣮ꥷꅃ꙯뭻결B꒽ꕱꖻꢭ꣣돆룻꣎ꪺ덎뭐곣땯꿠ꑏꅁꣃꕂ싹ꓨꙕ꯹ꚳ50ꉍꪺ앶ꅁ꧒ꕈB꒽ꕱ꒣뛈뒣꣑Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꧒믝꒧덎ꅁꙢ곛쏶ꡍ떦ꑗꗧ뻖ꚳꡍ떦ꕄ뻉앶ꅁ맯ꓨꭨ면ꣳꝕ뭐뻇닟ꪺꢤꛢꅁ쇶땍ꖲ뚷냑뭐ꡍ떦꒧꣮ꥷꅁꑪꙨ걏뒣꣑곛쏶띎ꢣ곝ꩫꅃ ꚹꕾꅁ녤뷒뭻결싹ꓨꪺ덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧ꅁ맯꧳뷍Ꝑꑏ곆ꡍ떦ꕄ뻉앶ꪺ꣺녯ꣃꡓꚳꭄ녠ꧺ엣ꪺꝕ꽱ꅁ꙯뭻결쇶땍맯ꓨꪺ룪늣셠썂꒣B꒽ꕱꅁꚹꙘ룪껗걏ꦼꚹꙕ꯹ꚳ50ꉍꪺ앶ꅁ꧒ꕈ싹ꓨ곒ꚳ곛Ꙑꪺ앶ꝑ롱냈ꅁꙢꡍ떦꣮ꥷꑗꣃ꒣라꣼ꗀ꒽ꕱ룪ꖻ썂깴늧ꪺ뱶암ꅃꙐ껉꙯녪뷕B꒽ꕱꪺꗸ띾ꓥ꓆룻결뻫맪ꅁꣃ꒣걏ꕄ녩녪뛕ꕄ뻉ꡍ떦ꪺ꒽ꕱꅁ맯ꓨꙐ볋꿠띐꣼꣬B꒽ꕱ걊ꚳꪺꓥ꓆뛇닎ꅁꣃꕂꙢꚹꙘ룪껗꒤ꅁꗑ꧳싹ꓨꙕꕘ룪ꑀꕢꅁ꧒ꕈꙢꡍ떦ꪺ륌땻꒤쉁ꓖ땯ꗍꗴꑀꓨ녪뛕ꕄ뻉ꡍ떦꣮ꥷꪺ놡ꅁꝙ꣏B꒽ꕱ뻖ꚳ 52
룻꣎ꪺ덎뭐곣땯꿠ꑏꛓ룻꿠둸놱ꡍ떦륌땻ꅁꙢꡍ떦꣮ꥷ륌땻꒤ꅁ라꯹곛꒬둌궫ꪺ귬ꭨꅁꗴ꛳ꡍ떦꒧ꡍ쒳라뱸ꡄ뇄꿇맯ꓨ꒧띎ꢣꅁꙢ싹ꓨ곒륆ꚨꙀ쏑ꪺ놡ꩰꑕꅁꑾ녯ꕈ꣏ꡍ쒳뚵덱륌뙩ꛓꕉ뷑냵ꛦꅃ꙯뭻결ꙢꙘꝀ륌땻꒤ꅁꖲ뚷둌궫ꡃꑀꩆ롧샧ꅁ굙걏뻌싇ꖻꢭ꧒꣣돆꒧쁵뛕ꛓꗸ맏ꕄ뻉ꡍ떦꒧꣮ꥷꅁꛓ라뻉교덜Ꙩ냈때ꩫ땯뒧ꅁꟳ곆ꚨ결ꗸ띾샧륂ꪺ닌롽ꗛꅃ 2.랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ 녤뷒뭻결ꙢꙘꝀꪺ륌땻꒤ꅁꦼꚹꙢ랾덱ꑗꚳꯜꑪꪺ냝썄ꅃ꙯뭻결돌ꑪꪺ냝썄걏뭹ꢥꑗꪺ믙쎪ꅁꙢꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁꗑ꧳뭹ꢥꑗꪺ깴늧ꅁ롧녠믝굮덺륌슽쒶Ꝁ결랾덱ꪺ뻴볙ꅁ껉녠땯ꗍ슽쒶ꑗꪺ뿹뭾ꅁ꣏녯싹ꓨ때ꩫ엩라ꦼꚹ뚡꧒굮뛇륆ꪺ끔꺧ꅁꙝꛓ뻉교Ꙣꑀ걱껉뚡꒺싹ꓨ때ꩫ륆ꚨꙀ쏑ꅃ ꚹꕾꅁ녤뷒뭻결ꓥ꓆ꑗꪺ깴늧라덹ꚨ랾덱ꑗꪺ냝썄ꅁꚹꙘ룪껗싹ꓨꙘꝀꪺ껉뚡ꑛꅁꦼꚹ꒧뚡ꪺꙘꝀ쁱ꮴꙮꅁ맯꧳싹ꓨꪺꗸ띾ꓥ꓆ꚳ곛럭ꪺ보노땻ꯗꅁ꧒ꕈꙢ랾덱ꑗ룻때믙쎪ꅁꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑ꪺ륆ꚨꣃ꒣라꣼ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧ꪺ뱶암ꅃ 녤뷒뭻결싹ꓨ롧녠덎룪끔ꗦ걹ꅁꗑ꧳B꒽ꕱ뻖ꚳ룻꣎ꪺ덎꿠ꑏꅁ꧒ꕈ라뗸맯ꓨ놡ꩰ뒣꣑덎ꑗꪺ룪랽ꅁ굙걏Ꙣ덎ꑗ땯ꗍ냝썄ꅁ싹ꓨ라싇ꗑ곛꒬랾덱ꣳ뷕ꅁ뙩ꛓ땯뉻냝썄ꪺ쑰떲꧒Ꙣꛓ룑ꡍ꒧ꅁꗑ꧳ꦼꚹ뚡ꟳ뙩ꑀꡂꪺꑆ룑ꅁ깥꧶꣺녯ꡍ떦ꑗꪺꙀ쏑ꅃ 3.떦늤궫굮꧊ 녤뷒뭻결굙Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾맯B꒽ꕱ꣣ꚳ궫굮ꪺ떦늤꧊ꗘꪺꅁB꒽ꕱ라뽮랥ꪺꑊꙘ룪ꗸ띾륂Ꝁ냑뭐ꡍ떦ꅁ꒣ꑀꥷ꣣ꚳꕄ뻉ꡍ떦ꪺ띎맏ꅃ귬ꙝꙢ꧳ꚹꙘ룪껗ꪺꙘꝀ껉뚡ꑛꅁ싹ꓨ곒꯹곛꒬둌궫ꪺ귬ꭨꅁꙝꚹꣃ꒣라륂ꗎ뱶암ꑏꗴ꛳ꓢ걱ꭐ꣏싹ꓨ륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑗꪺꙀ쏑ꅃ ꅝꑇꅞꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ 53
녤뷒뭻결ꙢꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁ굙싹ꓨꙢꡍ떦ꑗ륆ꚨꙀ쏑ꪺ땻ꯗ띕낪ꅁꙘ룪셚껄띕꣎ꅃ꣒꙰쉘ꕒ덝돆ꡍ떦ꅁ꙯뭻결굙싹ꓨꢳ덴륆ꚨꙀ쏑ꅁ뫉Ꟗ꣏ꡍ떦덱륌ꅁꭨꚳꝕ꧳ꯡ쓲곛쏶띾냈ꪺ뙩ꛦꅁ꧒ꕈꕩꕈ뒣Ꙙ룪셚껄ꅃꙐ껉꙯뭻결ꅵ뒣꣑압ꯈ돌ꙮꪺꩁ냈ꅶ걏싹ꓨ궫굮ꪺ롧샧뉺꧀ꅁ꧒ꕈꙢꅵ꙰꛳ꩁ냈압ꯈꅶꑗꢳ덴륆ꚨꙀ쏑ꅁ맯Ꙙ룪셚껄ꪺ뒣ꚳꖿ궱ꪺ산ꝕꅃ ꅝꑔꅞꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ 녤뷒뭻결ꅁꙢꗴ꛳ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻뎣라꣼ꕾꙢꖫ돵샴맒엜냊ꪺ뱶암ꅁꣃꕂꙢ샴맒엜냊ꑕꅁꡍ떦롧녠Ꝑ쉟뿹뭾ꛓꝀꕘ뿹뭾ꪺꡍ떦ꅁ뙩ꛓ뱶암Ꙙ룪셚껄ꅃ꙯뭻결Ꙣꗴ꛳ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁꡍ떦뎣라꣼ꕾꙢ샴맒엜냊ꪺ뱶암ꅁ냟ꚳꡍ떦ꙝ삳ꕾꙢꖫ돵샴맒ꪺ엜냊ꅁ뫉뙱녎ꡍ떦뿹뭾ꪺ궷쁉궰ꛜ돌ꝃꅁꑾ꿠궰ꝃ샴맒엜냊꧒늣ꗍꪺ굴궱뱶암ꅃ 냑ꅂ귓껗C ꑀꅂ꒽ꕱ슲꒶ C꒽ꕱꚨꗟ꧳ꗁ냪ꑔꑑꑅ꙾ꅁ결ꕸ왗ꗁ샧덹꿈띾ꗽ았ꅁꕄ굮ꗍ늣롧샧뚵ꗘꕝ걁ꓥ꓆ꗎ꿈ꅂꑵ띾ꗎ꿈ꅂ깡깸ꗎ꿈ꅂ꿈뺹ꅂ궹ꭾꕝ룋깥뺹떥ꙕꚡ꿈쏾늣ꭾꅃꗑ꧳궫뗸늣ꭾ곣땯ꥍꛛ냊꓆놱뫞ꅁꭾ뷨꒣쉟뫫뙩ꅁꑀꪽ쎭냪꒺덹꿈띾꒧믢뻉ꙡꛬꅃ뻺롧꒭ꑑꙨ꙾ꪺ꯹쓲Ꝗꑏ롧샧ꅁ낣ꗾ곙덝ꚳꑑ깹ꑵ뱴ꕾ(ꑛ냳뱴ꅂ낪뚯뱴ꅂꕸꩆ뱴ꅂꚨꕜ뱴ꅂ맼꓆뱴ꅂꛋ뱴ꅂ램뇶뱴ꅂ껧뛩뱴ꅂ띳ꯎ뱴ꅂ궹ꭾ깥뺹뱴)ꅁꣃ뚰볆ꑑ꙾룪롧샧롧엧ꅁ뽮랥Ꙗ껼ꕾ뻣뱴뿩ꕘꅂ룪ꅁ꙰껵냪ꅂꙌꖧꅂꕈ꒤냪ꑪ뎰ꅃꗘꭥ늣ꭾ낣꣑삳냪꒺꧒믝ꕾꅁꟳ깩ꕾ빐ꛜꩆꅂꩆꕟꅂ꒤ꩆꅂ꒤과떥ꙡꅁ결Ꙑ띾꒤돌ꚭ룳ꑊ냪믚꓆ꪺ꒽ꕱꅃ 54
ꑇꅂ귓껗둹굺 ꚹꙘ룪껗결C꒽ꕱꗘꭥꙢꑪ뎰뙩ꛦꪺ껗ꗳꅁC꒽ꕱ꯹ꚳ51ꉍꪺ앶ꅁꙘ룪맯뙈꯹ꚳ49ꉍꪺ앶ꅁꣃꕂꙢ럭ꙡ덝ꗟꑀꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꅃ ꅝꑀꅞ?Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧쏶ꭙ 1.룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ ꓽꣳ뉺뭻결ꙢꚹꙘ룪껗꒤ꅁ굙ꗀ꒽ꕱ꣣돆룻Ꙩꪺ룪랽꿠ꑏꅁꙢꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁꕩꕈ뻖ꚳ룻ꑪꪺ뷍Ꝑꑏꛓꕄ뻉ꡍ떦꒧꣮ꥷꅁꖲ뚷뗸놡ꩰꛓꥷꅃꕌ뭻결C꒽ꕱ걏ꑀ깡믡꣣덗볒ꪺꑪ꒽ꕱꅁꖻꢭ뻖ꚳ곣땯늣ꭾꪺ덎뭐꿠ꑏꅁꙢꙘꝀ륌땻꒤라뗸Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾맯ꓨ꒧믝굮뒣꣑덎ꑗꪺꣳꝕꅁ꧒ꕈꙢ곛쏶ꡍ떦ꑗ뻖ꚳ룻ꑪꪺꕄ뻉앶ꅃ ꙢꚹꙘ룪껗꒤ꅁC꒽ꕱꙢꑪ뎰뭐럭ꙡ뱴냓ꙘꝀꅁꛦ빐ꑗꪺ롧엧늤엣꒣ꢬꅁꕄ굮ꪺ냝썄Ꙣ꧳C꒽ꕱꣃ꒣ꑆ룑럭ꙡꖫ돵샴맒ꅁ뷑꙰ꖫ돵쑶ꪧ땻ꯗꅂ압ꯈ낾ꙮ떥ꅁ꧒ꕈ맯꧳늣ꭾꪺ뇀ꕘꅂ늣ꭾꥷ믹ꓨ궱ꪺꡍ떦ꅁꑪꙨꗑ맯ꓨ뗻꛴꣤ꡍ떦ꪺꕩꛦ꧊ꅁC꒽ꕱꙢꖫ돵빐냢ꓨ궱뛈꿠뒣꣑곛쏶띎ꢣ곝ꩫꅁꣃ꒣꿠둸놱ꡍ떦꒧꣮ꥷꅃꙝꚹꕌ뭻결굙ꗀ꒽ꕱꙢ걙ꓨ궱꣣돆룻꣎ꪺ꿠ꑏꅁꭨꙢ곛쏶ꪺꡍ떦ꑗ녎꣺녯ꡍ떦ꕄ뻉앶ꅁ꧒ꕈꕌ녪뷕ꗀ꒽ꕱ곒꣣돆걙ꓨ궱ꪺ쁵뛕ꅁ싹ꓨꙢꙘꝀ륌땻꒤멉룉땵ꛓ곛뮲곛ꚨꅁ돌궫굮ꪺ걏ꖲ뚷ꯘꗟꙢꅵ곛꒬ꭈꗴꅶꪺ냲슦ꑗꅁꙐ껉Ꙣꡍ떦륌땻꒤둌궫맯ꓨ띎ꢣ곝ꩫꅁꙢꚹꭥ뒣ꑕ쇶땍걙ꑀꡍ떦ꕩ꿠ꗑꑀꓨꕄ뻉ꅁ맯꧳ꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑ꪺ륆ꚨꛓꚳꖿ궱ꝕ꽱ꅃ 2.랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ ꓽꣳ뉺뭻결ꙢꙘꝀꪺ륌땻꒤ꅁꦼꚹꙢ랾덱ꑗ꙳Ꙣ룻Ꙩꪺ냝썄ꅃꕌ뭻결싹ꓨꗸ띾ꓥ꓆ꑗꪺ깴늧ꚨꦼꚹ랾덱ꑗꪺ믙쎪ꅁC꒽ꕱ걏ꚨꗟ껉뚡녹ꑛꪺ꒽ꕱꅁꙢꓥ꓆ꑗ룻결ꭏꙵꅁꣃꕂ맯꧳럭ꙡ샴맒룻꒣보노ꅁ꧒ꕈꙢꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꛒ뙱냝썄ꪺ뱨궱룻뱳ꕂ뉠ꑊꅁꟆ뇦꿠냷녎샧륂궷쁉궰ꛜ돌ꝃꅁ맯ꓨꗸ띾ꓥ꓆룻뙽꧱ꅁ궫뗸ꭟ쁉돐띳뫫꾫ꅁꣃꕂ녪뷕ꡍ떦ꪺ껉껄꧊ꅁꙝꚹ롧녠뻉교싹ꓨꙢ끴Ꙙꯗꑗ땯ꗍ쎪ꛓ늣ꗍꢣꅃ 55
ꚹꕾꅁꓽꣳ뉺뭻결싹ꓨꙢ덎룪끔ꪺꗦ걹쁗셣ꅁꗑ꧳싹ꓨ뻖ꚳ꒣Ꙑꪺ룪랽ꥍ꿠ꑏꅁꦼꚹ뚡ꖲ뚷롧녠랾덱ꣳ뷕띎ꢣꗦ걹ꅁ맯꧳ꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑ꪺ륆ꚨꚳ곛럭ꑪꪺꝕ꽱ꅃ 3.떦늤궫굮꧊ ꓽꣳ뉺뭻결굙Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾맯ꗀ꒽ꕱꪺ떦늤궫굮꧊땻ꯗ낪ꅁꗀ꒽ꕱ라뽮랥ꑊꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ륂Ꝁꅃ꣒꙰C꒽ꕱꙢ럭ꙡꪺ빐냢롧엧꒣ꢬꅁꗀ꒽ꕱ라겣귻ꛜ럭ꙡ뙩ꛦꖫ돵뷕걤ꣃꕂ녱곛쏶곣ꡳꅁ싇ꚹ꿠냷뙩ꑀꡂꑆ룑럭ꙡꖫ돵ꪬꩰꛓ궰ꝃ맯럭ꙡ뱴냓ꪺ뿠땻ꯗꅁꚳꝕ꧳뷍Ꝑꑏꪺ뒣ꅁ뱗ꕛꕄ뻉ꡍ떦꣮ꥷꪺ꿠ꑏꅃ ꅝꑇꅞꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ ꓽꣳ뉺뭻결굙싹ꓨꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑땻ꯗ띕낪ꅁꣃꕂꢳ덴륆ꚨꙀ쏑ꅁ맯Ꙙ룪셚껄ꫭ뉻ꚳꖿ궱산ꝕꅃꕌ뭻결ꙢꚹꙘ룪껗꒤ꅁ싹ꓨꗀ꒽ꕱꗸ띾ꓥ꓆ꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗ라뱶암ꡍ떦꒧꣮ꥷꅁꙢꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꦼꚹꪺ끴Ꙙꯗ늤엣꒣ꢬꅁ뻉교싹ꓨꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑륆ꚨ롧녠꒣닅Ꙙ껉껄ꅁ꧒ꕈꕌ뭻결굙걏ꦼꚹꙢꡍ떦꣮ꥷꑗꪺ끴Ꙙ땻ꯗ낪ꅁꭋꕩꢳ덴꣺녯Ꙁ쏑ꅁꣃꕂꚳꝑ꧳ꯡ쓲곛쏶띾냈ꪺ뙩ꛦꅁ맯꧳Ꙙ룪셚껄ꪺ뒣ꚳ곛럭ꑪꪺ산ꝕꅃ ꅝꑔꅞꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ ꓽꣳ뉺뭻결ꅁꙢꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁꕾꙢꖫ돵샴맒엜냊ꪺ뱶암ꭄ 녠ꑪꅃꙢꚹꙘ룪껗꒤ꅁꫬ듁꧒덝ꗟ꒧늣ꭾ뵵뭐ꗘꭥ꒧늣ꭾ뵵깴늧믡ꑪꅁ귬ꙝꙢ꧳ꖫ돵샴맒ꪺ엜냊ꅁ뷑꙰걙늣ꭾꖫ돵쑶ꪧ땻ꯗꑪ압ꯈ낾ꙮ엜쁗뉶낪ꅁ뻉교ꡍ떦깥꧶Ꝁꕘ뿹뭾ꪺꡍ떦ꅁ꧒ꕈꖲ뚷롧녠ꙝ삳ꖫ돵샴맒ꟳ늣ꭾ뵵꒺깥ꅁ땍ꛓ결ꑆꟳꖿꗽꭥꡍ떦ꑗꪺ뿹뭾ꅁꖲ뚷ꑊꟳꙨꪺ껉뚡ꥍ룪랽ꅁꚹ썂ꕾꪺꚨꖻꓤꕘ맯Ꙙ룪셚껄녎덹ꚨ굴궱뱶암ꅃ 56
닄ꑇ론? 귓껗ꓱ룻꓀꩒ 돼ꅂꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧쏶ꭙ 껚뻚ꭥ론꒧귓껗둹굺ꅁꖻ곣ꡳ녎끷맯ꑗ굺ꑔ귓귓껗ꅁꙢꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧쏶ꭙꓨ궱Ꝁꑀꓱ룻ꅁ꙰ꑕꫭ꧒ꗜꅃ ꫭ3-2 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧쏶ꭙꓱ룻ꫭ ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ 귓껗A 귓껗B 귓껗C 룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ ꗀ꒽ꕱ룪랽싗둉뭐ꝟ맯굙ꗀ꒽ꕱꪺ덎곣땯C꒽ꕱ뻖ꚳ룻꣎ꪺ곣땯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꚳ뱶암ꅁ꿠ꑏ룻꣎ꅁ꿠냷샲녯룻뭐덎꿠ꑏꅁ맯ꓨ꣣돆꣢뚡ꪺ쏶ꭙ라쁈껉뚡ꑪꪺ뷍Ꝑꑏꛓꕄ뻉ꡍ떦룻꣎ꪺꖫ돵빐냢롧엧ꅃꪺ걹덵ꅁ싹ꓨꛬ뛕녪깺꒧꣮ꥷꅃꗀ꒽ꕱ덗볒ꑪ꧒ꕈꗀ꒽ꕱꙢ걙ꓨ궱꣣ꪺ엜ꛓ늣ꗍ엜꓆ꅃAꑰ깴늧ꅁ맯꧳뷍Ꝑꑏ곆돆룻꣎ꪺ꿠ꑏꅁꭨꙢ곛꒽ꕱ빐냢ꓨ궱ꪺ롧엧룻ꡍ떦ꕄ뻉앶ꪺ꣺녯ꣃ쏶ꪺꡍ떦ꑗ녎꣺녯ꡍ떦꒣ꢬꅁ꧒ꕈꙢꡍ떦ꑗꖲꡓꚳꭄ녠ꧺ엣ꪺꝕ꽱ꅃꕄ뻉앶ꅃ 뚷ꗑ맯ꓨ뗻꛴꣤ꕩꛦ ꧊ꅃ 랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ A꒽ꕱ룻궫뗸땻Ꟈ뭐뚥뭹ꢥꑗꪺ깴늧롧녠꣏녯ꗀ꒽ꕱꗸ띾ꓥ꓆ꑗꪺ깴꿅왛꧀ꅁ맯ꓨ궫뗸뱵꧊싹ꓨ때ꩫ엩라ꦼꚹ뚡꧒늧라덹ꚨꦼꚹ랾덱ꑗꪺ뭐껉껄ꅁ꧒ꕈ덹ꚨ싹ꓨ굮뛇륆ꪺ끔꺧ꅁꙝꛓ뻉믙쎪ꛓ뱶암ꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑꒧랾덱ꑗꪺ믙쎪ꅁ롧녠꒣교Ꙣꑀ걱껉뚡꒺싹ꓨ때꣺녯ꅃ싹ꓨꙢ덎룪꧶꣺녯Ꙁ쏑ꅃ싹ꓨ롧녠ꩫ륆ꚨꙀ쏑ꅃꗸ띾ꓥ꓆끔ꪺꗦ걹쁗셣ꅁꦼꚹ뚡덎ꅂ룪끔ꗦ걹ꅁꚳꝕ깴늧라덹ꚨ랾덱ꑗꪺ냝롧녠랾덱ꣳ뷕띎ꢣꗦ꧳ꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑ꪺ륆ꚨꅃ 썄ꛓ뱶암ꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑꒧꣺걹ꅁ맯꧳ꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑ꪺ륆녯ꅃ싹ꓨ롧녠덎룪ꚨꚳ곛럭ꑪꪺꝕ꽱ꅃ 끔ꗦ걹ꅁꭐ뙩ꦼꚹ뚡ꟳ 뙩ꑀꡂꪺꑆ룑ꅁ깥꧶꣺녯ꡍ떦ꑗꪺꙀ쏑ꅃ 떦늤궫굮꧊ 굙Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾맯꧳ꗀ꒽ꕱ굙Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾맯ꗀ꒽ꕱ꣣굙Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾맯ꗀ꒽ꕱꪺ걏면쏶쇤꧊ꪺꢤꛢꅁꚳ궫굮ꪺ떦늤꧊ꗘꪺꅁ떦늤궫굮꧊땻ꯗ낪ꅁꗀꗀ꒽ꕱ라뽮랥ꪺꑊꙘ꒽ꕱ라뽮랥ꪺꑊꙘ룪꒽ꕱ라뽮랥ꑊꙘ룪ꗸ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ륂Ꝁ뭐ꡍ떦륌ꗸ띾륂Ꝁ냑뭐ꡍ떦ꅁ띾ꪺ륂Ꝁ뭐ꡍ떦륌땻ꅁ땻ꅁꣃꕂꕄ뻉ꡍ떦륌땻꒣ꑀꥷ꣣ꚳꕄ뻉ꡍ떦ꣃꕂ삱룉ꖻꢭꓭ꿊꒧꿠ꪺꗸ맏ꓟ띕녪ꅃ ꣮ꥷꪺ띎맏ꅃ ꑏꛓ뱗뙩ꡍ떦ꕄ뻉앶ꅃ 57
롧ꗑꕈꑗ꒧귓껗ꓱ룻꓀꩒ꯡ땯뉻ꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊녎뱶암ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ륆ꚨꅃꙢ룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗꓨ궱ꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ룪랽싗둉뭐ꝟ라뱶암ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ륆ꚨꅁ꣢꒧뚡ꪺ쏶ꭙꣃ꒣ꧺ엣ꅁ귬ꙝꙢ꧳쇶땍ꗀ꒽ꕱ뻖ꚳ룻싗둉ꪺ룪랽ꥍ룻꣎ꪺ꿠ꑏꅁꕩ꿠샲녯룻ꑪꪺ뷍Ꝑꑏꛓꕄ뻉ꡍ떦꒧꣮ꥷꅁ쁈뗛껉뚡ꪺ걹덵ꅁ싹ꓨꛬ뛕ꪺ녪깺ꗧ쁈꒧엜ꅁ꧒ꕈ룪랽룻싗둉ꪺꑀꓨꣃ꒣ꑀꥷ꿠냷ꑛꕄ뻉ꡍ떦꒧꣮ꥷꅃꕴꑀꓨ궱ꅁꙢꡍ떦ꪺ륌땻꒤ꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡곒꯹곛꒬둌궫ꪺ귬ꭨꅁꣃꕂꯘꗟꙢ곛꒬ꭈꗴꪺ냲슦ꑗꅁ쇶땍걙ꑀꓨ꣣돆룻꣎ꪺ꿠ꑏꕩ꿠ꕄ뻉ꡍ떦꒧꣮ꥷꅁꗧ둌궫꣤ꕌꚨ귻ꪺ띎ꢣꥍ곝ꩫꅁꙢꚹꭥ뒣ꑕꛓꚳꝕ꧳ꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑ꪺ꣺녯ꅃ Ꙣ랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗꓨ궱ꅁ꙳Ꙣ꧳Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꪺ랾덱믙쎪ꅁ라뱶암ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ륆ꚨꅃ꣒꙰Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡뭹ꢥꑗꪺ깴늧ꅂꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧ꅂ덎룪끔ꗦ걹ꪺ쁗뉶ꕈ싹ꓨꪺ끴Ꙙ땻ꯗꅁ녎뱶암Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꪺꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑땻ꯗꥍ륆ꚨꙀ쏑ꪺ껉껄꧊ꅃꙝꚹꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗꅁ맯꧳ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ꣺녯꣣ꚳ쏶쇤꧊ꪺ뱶암ꅃ Ꙣ떦늤궫굮꧊ꓨ궱ꅁ굙걏Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾걏면쏶쇤꧊ꪺꢤꛢꅁꗀ꒽ꕱ라뽮랥ꪺꑊꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ륂Ꝁ뭐ꡍ떦륌땻ꅁꣃꕂ룕맏삱룉ꖻꢭ꧒ꓭ꿊ꪺ룪랽꿠ꑏꅁ듁뇦Ꙣꡍ떦륌땻꒤샲녯룻ꑪꪺ뷍Ꝑꑏ뙱ꛓ뱗ꕛꕄ뻉ꡍ떦꣮ꥷ꒧꿠ꑏꅃ ꫭ3-3 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧쏶ꭙ ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ 귓껗A 귓껗B 귓껗C 룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ ꆷꅝ꒣ꧺ엣ꅞ ꆷꅝ꒣ꧺ엣ꅞ ꆷ 랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ ꆷ ꆷ ꆷ 떦늤궫굮꧊ ꆷ ꆷꅝ꒣ꧺ엣ꅞ ꆷ 58
뙌ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ 껚뻚ꭥ론꒧귓껗둹굺ꅁꖻ곣ꡳ녎끷맯ꑗ굺ꑔ귓귓껗ꅁꙢꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙꓨ궱Ꝁꑀꓱ룻ꅁ꙰ꑕꫭ꧒ꗜꅃ ꫭ3-4 ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙꓱ룻ꫭ Ꙙ룪셚껄 귓껗A 귓껗B 귓껗C ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ Ꙣ싹ꓨ꣣돆싗둉롧엧굙싹ꓨꙢꡍ떦ꑗ륆ꚨ굙걏ꦼꚹꙢꡍ떦꣮ꥷꪺꭥ뒣ꑕꅁ굙걏ꦼꚹꙀ쏑ꪺ땻ꯗ띕낪ꅁꣃꑗꪺ끴Ꙙ땻ꯗ낪ꅁꭋ뚡꿠냷ꢳ덴륆ꚨꙀꕂꢳ덴륆ꚨꙀ쏑ꅁꭨꕩꢳ덴꣺녯Ꙁ쏑ꅁꣃ쏑ꅁ맯꧳Ꙙ룪셚껄ꪺꙘ룪셚껄띕꣎ꅃ ꕂꚳꝑ꧳ꯡ쓲곛쏶띾뒣녎ꚳꖿ궱ꪺ산냈ꪺ뙩ꛦꅁ맯꧳Ꙙ룪ꝕꅃ 셚껄ꪺ뒣ꚳ곛럭ꑪꪺ산ꝕꅃ 롧ꗑꕈꑗ귓껗꒧ꓱ룻꓀꩒땯뉻ꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑땻ꯗ띕낪ꅁꙘ룪셚껄띕꣎ꅁꣃꕂ굙Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡꿠ꢳ덴륆ꚨꙀ쏑ꅁ꒣뛈꣏ꡍ떦꣣ꚳ껉껄꧊ꅁ맯꧳Ꙙ룪셚껄ꪺ뒣ꗧꚳꖿ궱ꪺꝕ꽱ꅃ ꫭ3-5 ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ Ꙙ룪셚껄 귓껗A 귓껗B 귓껗C ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ ꆷ ꆷ ꆷ 냑ꅂꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ 껚뻚ꭥ론꒧귓껗둹굺ꅁꖻ곣ꡳ녎끷맯ꑗ굺ꑔ귓귓껗ꅁꙢꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙꓨ궱Ꝁꑀꓱ룻ꅁ꙰ꫭ3-6꧒ꗜꅃ 롧ꗑꕈꑗ귓껗꒧ꓱ룻꓀꩒땯뉻ꅁꙢꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁꕾꙢꖫ돵샴맒엜냊깥꧶덹ꚨꡍ떦Ꝑ쉟ꑗꪺ뿹뭾ꛓꝀꕘ꒣ꖿ뵔ꪺꡍ떦ꅁꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡Ꙣ 59
ꚹ뿹뭾ꪺꡍ떦ꑗ꣺녯Ꙁ쏑ꅁ꒣뛈맯Ꙙ룪셚껄ꫭ뉻ꣃꡓꚳ뱗녪ꪺ껄ꩇꅁꛓ결ꑆꟳꖿꗽꭥ뿹뭾꒧ꡍ떦ꅁꦹꦹꖲ뚷꿓뙏ꟳꙨꪺ껉뚡ꥍ룪랽뙩ꛦ귗ꖿꑵꝀꅁꚹ썂ꕾꪺ띬ꖢ맯꧳Ꙙ룪셚껄ꫭ뉻녎덹ꚨ굴궱ꪺ뱶암ꅃ ꫭ3-6 ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙꓱ룻ꫭ Ꙙ룪셚껄 귓껗A 귓껗B 귓껗C ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦덴ꯗꙢꖫ돵샴맒엜냊ꑕꅁꙢꖫ돵샴맒엜냊ꑕꅁꖫ돵냊멁꧊꒧룻멃ꅁꕾꙢꖫ돵샴ꡍ떦롧녠Ꝁꕘ뿹뭾ꡍ떦깥꧶Ꝁꕘ뿹뭾ꗦ꒬껄ꩇ 맒엜냊Ꟗ덴ꅁꡍ떦꒧ꪺꡍ떦ꛓ뱶암Ꙙ룪셚ꪺꡍ떦ꅁ결ꑆꟳꖿꗽ꣮ꥷ롧녠룲꒣ꑗ샴맒껄ꫭ뉻ꅃꡍ떦ꖲ뚷ꭥꡍ떦ꑗꪺ뿹뭾ꅁꖲ엜냊ꪺ롽ꡂꅁ꧒ꕈ롧ꙝ삳샴맒ꪺ엜냊ꅁ뫉뚷ꑊꟳꙨꪺ껉뚡ꥍ녠땯ꗍꡍ떦뿹뭾ꪺ놡뙱녎ꡍ떦뿹뭾ꪺ궷쁉룪랽ꅁꚹ썂ꕾꪺꚨꖻꩰꅁ맯꧳Ꙙ룪셚껄ꫭ궰ꛜ돌ꝃꅁ싇ꚹ듮뮴ꓤꕘ맯Ꙙ룪셚껄녎덹뉻뱶암곆륤ꅃ 샴맒엜냊꧒늣ꗍꪺ굴ꚨ굴궱뱶암ꅃ 궱뱶암ꅃ ꫭ3-7 ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ Ꙙ룪셚껄 귓껗A 귓껗B 귓껗C ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐ꖫ돵ꆷ ꆷ ꆷ 냊멁꧊꒧ꗦ꒬껄ꩇ Ꙣꕈꑗ귓껗ꓱ룻꓀꩒ꯡꅁ녱맪냈궱꒧귓껗곣ꡳ떲ꩇ꣓곝ꅁ맯꧳ꭥ뎹껚뻚ꓥ쑭Ꙟ압꧒ꯘꗟ꒧곣ꡳ낲뮡ꅁ꣣ꚳꑀꥷ땻ꯗꪺ룑쓀꿠ꑏꅁ땍ꛓ꣤뚡쏶ꭙꪺ돌ꯡꝐ쉟ꅁ꒴ꚳꯝ뙩ꑀꡂꪺꑪ덗볒뭠뚰볋ꖻ꣓엧쏒ꅃ 60
닄ꕼ뎹 곣ꡳꓨꩫ 닄ꑀ론?곣ꡳ걛멣 껚뻚닄ꑀ뎹꒧곣ꡳ냊뻷ꅂ굉뒺ꅂ곣ꡳꗘꪺ뭐닄ꑇ뎹꒧ꓥ쑭놴끑ꅁꖻ곣ꡳꕄ굮놴끑ꪺ냝썄ꚳꑔꅇ1.놴끑Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧ꡍꥷꙝ꿀ꅃ2.놴끑Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙꅃ3.놴끑ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙꅃꖻ곣ꡳ뻚꧒뇽놴끑ꪺꑔ귓냝썄링룕ꯘꗟꑀ곣ꡳ걛멣ꅁ꙰맏4-1ꅂ4-2꧒ꗜꅃꣃꕂ녎꓀ꝏ뮡ꧺ걛멣꒧닕ꚨ굮꿀꣤걛멣뚡꒧쏶셰꧊ꅃ 돼ꅂꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧쏶ꭙ 껚뻚ꭥ뎹꒧ꓥ쑭놴끑ꕩꪾꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧뱶암ꙝ꿀ꅁꕝ걁Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡룪랽싗둉땻ꯗ꧒ꓞ땯꒧곛맯뷍Ꝑꑏꑪꑰꅁꙝꛓ늣ꗍꡍ떦꣮ꥷ꒧ꕄ뻉꿠ꑏ깴뙚ꅁꕈꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡랾덱ꪺꚳ껄꧊꣢ꑪ쏾ꅃꙝꚹꖻ곣ꡳ녎뱶암Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧ꡍꥷꙝ꿀냏꓀결룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ뭐랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ꣢멣궱ꅁꭥ녎뱶암Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꪺ곛맯뷍Ꝑꑏꅁꕝ걁덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧ꅂ곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚ꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚떥ꙝ꿀ꅆꯡ녎뱶암Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꪺ랾덱ꚳ껄꧊ꅁꕝ걁ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧ꅂ냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧룪랽몯덺ꯗ떥ꙝ꿀ꅃꚹꕾꅁ맯꧳돦ꓨꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꛓꢥꅁꗀ꒽ꕱ맯꧳냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ떦늤궫굮꧊뭻ꪾꅁꗧ걏뱶암ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ궫굮ꙝ꿀꒧ꑀꅁꖻ곣ꡳ녎ꕈꑗꑃ귓ꡍꥷꙝ꿀닎뫙결Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊ꅃꕴꑀꓨ궱ꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑땻ꯗ녎ꫭ뉻Ꙣ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꅵꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꅶꅵ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꅶ꣢뫘ꡍ떦쏾ꮬꅃ 61
뙌ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ 껚뻚ꭥ뎹꒧ꓥ쑭놴끑ꕩꪾꅁꙢ뽗룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑땻ꯗ띕낪ꅁꭨ롧샧셚껄띕꣎ꅆ꒧ꅁ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦ꓨꚡ뭐뽗룪ꗸ띾굾늧ꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙ걏ꝟꗧꝥ뉻뭐뽗룪ꗸ띾곛Ꙑ꒧떲ꩇꅁꖻ곣ꡳ녎끷맯ꚹ냝썄뙩ꑀꡂ놴끑ꅃꚹꕾꅁꖻ곣ꡳ녎Ꙙ룪셚껄ꪺ뿅뙱볐냏꓀결껄뉶셚껄ꅂ껄ꩇ셚껄빁삳꧊셚껄ꑔ귓멣궱ꅁ녎꓀ꝏ놴끑Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꅵꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꅶꅵ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꅶ꒧ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐껄뉶셚껄ꅂ껄ꩇ셚껄빁삳꧊셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙꅃ 냑ꅂꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ 껚뻚ꭥ뎹꒧ꓥ쑭놴끑ꕩꪾꅁ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾뭐뽗룪ꗸ곒궱셻ꕾꙢꖫ돵샴맒ꪺ뷄삻ꅁꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꝙ걏뷕론ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄뚡쏶ꭙ꒧ꙝ꿀ꅁ꧒ꕈꖻ곣ꡳ녎끷맯ꚹꑔ꒧뚡꒧쏶ꭙꝀ뙩ꑀꡂꪺ놴끑ꅃ 62
ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊ 룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ 랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ Ꙙ룪셚껄 떦늤궫굮꧊ 맏4-1왛꧀꧊걛멣 룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ ꆯ덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧 ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ ꆯ곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚 ꆯꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚 H3 랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ ꆯꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ Ꙙ룪셚껄 깴늧꓆ꡍ떦 ꆯ냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧 껄뉶셚껄 ꆯ룪랽몯덺ꯗꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦 껄ꩇ셚껄 H1 H2 빁삳꧊셚껄 떦늤궫굮꧊ 맏4-2뻞Ꝁ꧊걛멣 63
닄ꑇ론 곣ꡳ낲뮡 ꖻ곣ꡳ껚뻚곣ꡳ걛멣뭐닄ꑇ뎹ꓥ쑭놴끑뇀뷗곣ꡳ낲뮡ꅁꣃꕂ뻚곣ꡳ걛멣녎낲뮡꓀결ꑔ귓뎡꓀ꅁ꿷녎꓀굺꙰ꑕꅇ 돼ꅂꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧쏶ꭙ ꅝꑀꅞ?룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ 1.덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧 굙Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꪺ덗볒깴뙚ꓓꑪꅁ깥꧶ꙝ결돦ꓨ륌꧳뽗ꑪꛓꕄ뻉Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾륂ꝀꅝGeringer, 1988ꅞꅃꙝꚹꖻ곣ꡳ뇀뷗ꅁ굙Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧띕ꑪꅁ덗볒룻ꑪꪺꑀꓨꅁꕩ꿠뻖ꚳ룻ꑪꪺ뷍Ꝑꑏ뙱ꅁꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤꧳ꕄ뻉ꙡꛬꅁ깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃꙝꚹꯘꗟ낲뮡1-1ꅇ 낲뮡1-1ꅇꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧띕ꑪꅁ띕꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ 2.곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚 굙Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꪺ끞쑭결뒣꣑덎룪랽ꅁꭨ깥꧶뻖ꚳ룻ꑪꪺ뷍Ꝑꑏ뭐ꕄ뻉ꙡꛬꅝKogut,1977ꅆFagre and Wells,1982ꅞꅃꙢꙘꝀ륌땻꒤ꅁ덎ꕩ꿠덶ꡂ덑맯ꓨ뻇닟ꗩ껄ꅁ냟ꚳ곣땯ꑈ귻Ꙣ덎ꑗ꒣쉟ꪺ뭐돐띳ꅁ궢꣏맯ꓨꖲ뚷덑냊ꪺ뻇닟띳덎ꅁ꙰ꚹꑾ걏뵔ꭏꖻꢭꙢꙘꝀ쏶ꭙ뻖ꚳꕄ뻉ꙡꛬꪺ껚ꖻ덾깼ꅃꖻ곣ꡳ뇀뷗ꅁ굙걏냑뭐ꪺꑀꓨ꣣돆룻꣎ꪺ곣땯꿠ꑏꅁꭨꙢꙘꝀ쏶ꭙ꒤뻖ꚳ룻ꑪꪺ뷍ꝐꑏꅁꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤꧳ꕄ뻉ꙡꛬꅁ깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃꖻ곣ꡳꯘꗟ낲뮡1-2ꅇ 낲뮡1-2ꅇꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚띕ꑪꅁ띕꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ 64
3.ꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚 ꅵꛦ빐꿠ꑏꅶ쓝꧳ꗸ띾꽓ꥷ꧊룪늣꒧ꑀꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꛦ빐꿠ꑏꪺꅁ맯꧳Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾롧샧ꚨꕜ뭐ꝟ걏ꑀꑪ쏶쇤ꅃ뻖ꚳ룻꣎ꛦ빐꿠ꑏꪺꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꅁ롧녠ꙢꙘ룪ꗸ띾꒤면궫굮ꪺꢤꛢꅁ뷍Ꝑꑗꗧꕩ꿠샲녯룻Ꙩꪺ뷍Ꝑ쑷뵘ꅝHarrigan, 1984ꅞꅃꖻ곣ꡳ뇀뷗ꅁ굙걏냑뭐ꪺꑀꓨ꣣돆룻꣎ꪺꛦ빐꿠ꑏꅁꭨꙢꙘꝀ쏶ꭙ꒤뻖ꚳ룻ꑪꪺ뷍ꝐꑏꅁꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤꧳ꕄ뻉ꙡꛬꅁ깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃꖻ곣ꡳꯘꗟ낲뮡1-3ꅇ 낲뮡1-3ꅇꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚띕ꑪꅁ띕꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ ꅝꑇꅞ랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ 1.ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧 ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆ꪺ깴늧ꕄ굮ꫭ뉻Ꙣ꒽ꕱꪺ띎쏑멁ꕈ믹귈왛ꓨ궱ꅁ싹ꓨꗸ띾ꓥ꓆ꪺ깴늧맯꧳ꙘꝀ쏶ꭙꪺꚨ뇑ꚳ굴궱뱶암ꅃꙝꚹ결ꑆꚳ껄궰ꝃ싹ꓨꙢꗸ띾ꓥ꓆ꓨ궱ꪺ깴늧ꅁꖲ뚷뫉ꑏꑆ룑ꦼꚹꪺ띎쏑멁뭐믹귈왛ꅝParkhe, 1991ꅞꅁꝟꭨ싹ꓨꗸ띾ꓥ꓆꒣Ꙑꅁꕩ꿠꣏ꦼꚹꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗘ볐ꑗ늣ꗍ깴늧ꅁ덹ꚨ싹ꓨꪺ랾덱ꣳ뷕ꝸ쏸맯꧳Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ샧륂ꓨꚡ떦늤ꪺ냵ꛦ늣ꗍꢣꅝRoot, 1982ꅆGeringer, 1988ꅞꅃꙝꚹꖻ곣ꡳ뇀뷗ꅁ굙Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧띕ꑰꅁ싹ꓨꪺ뫞뉺궷껦뫞뉺ꓨꚡ띕곛ꅁꭨꕩ뱗ꕛ싹ꓨ랾덱ꣳ뷕꧊뙩ꛓ궰ꝃꦼꚹꪺ륪믒ꅁ깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃꖻ곣ꡳꯘꗟ낲뮡1-4ꅇ 낲뮡1-4ꅇꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧띕ꑰꅁ띕꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ 2.냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꪺ냪믚꓆롧엧걏꒣Ꙑꓥ꓆뚡룳냪ꙘꝀꚨꕜ뭐ꝟꪺ쏶쇤 65
ꙝ꿀ꅝLuo,1995ꅞꅃꙢꙘ룪ꫬ듁ꅁ냪믚꓆롧엧라뱶암Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꪺ곛깥꧊ꅁ깥꧶덹ꚨꦼꚹ뚡ꪺꙘꝀ쏶ꭙ늣ꗍ벯삿ꅁ쁈뗛ꗀ꒽ꕱ냪믚꓆롧엧ꪺ뱗ꕛꅁꕩꕈ꓆룑꙳Ꙣꦼꚹ뚡ꪺ룳ꓥ꓆깴늧ꅁꙝꛓꙢ때꒧꒤궰ꝃꑆ랾덱믙쎪ꅁꟳꕩ뙩ꑀꡂꭐ뙩ꦼꚹ뚡ꪺꭈꗴ뭐ꣳ뷕꧊ꅝZeira and Shenkar, 1990ꅞꅃꙝꚹꖻ곣ꡳ뇀뷗ꅁ굙Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧띕ꑰꅁꭨ꓆룑ꦼꚹ룳ꓥ꓆깴늧ꪺ꿠ꑏ띕낪ꅁꕩꕈ뒣낪랾덱ꪺꚳ껄꧊ꅁ깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃꖻ곣ꡳꯘꗟ낲뮡1-5꙰ꑕꅇ 낲뮡1-5ꅇꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧띕ꑰꅁ띕꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ 3.룪랽몯덺ꯗ 룪랽몯덺ꯗ띎싹ꓨ꒹덜ꙢꙘꝀ륌땻꒤걹냊ꪺ덎ꥍ룪끔ꅝSpeakman, 1996ꅞꅃ맯꧳싇ꗑꦼꚹꪺꙘꝀꛓ샲녯꧒믝룪랽ꪺꗸ띾ꛓꢥꅁ싹ꓨꙮꪺ꒬냊걏꒣ꕩ꿊ꪺ궺굮뇸ꗳꅁ냟ꚳ꒬냊뭐랾덱띕쁗셣ꅁꑾ꿠뵔ꭏꙘꝀ쏶ꭙꪺ쎭ꥷꅝSteensma, 1996ꅆLambe and Spekman, 1997ꅞꅃꙢꗴ꛳ꪺꙘꝀ쏶ꭙ꒤ꅁ룪끔랾덱뫞륄ꪺ멚덱ꕩꕈ듮ꓖ싹ꓨꪺ뭾룑ꛓ꓆룑ꢣꅁ뙩ꛓ꣏싹ꓨꕩꕈꢳ덴꣮굱ꡍ떦ꅝHutt, 2000ꅞꅃꙝꚹꖻ곣ꡳ뇀뷗ꅁ굙Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡꒬냊뻷꣮ꙮꅁ랾덱뫞륄멚덱ꕂ꒽뙽꓆ꅂ덺ꧺ꓆ꅁ꣏녯덎룪끔꿠냷Ꙣ싹ꓨꙘꝀ륌땻꒤걹냊ꅁ꙰ꚹ녎뱗뙩ꦼꚹ뚡ꪺ랾덱ꅁ듮ꓖ꒣ꖲ굮ꪺ뭾룑ꅁ띕깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃꖻ곣ꡳꯘꗟ낲뮡1-6ꅇ 낲뮡1-6ꅇꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡룪랽몯덺ꯗ띕낪ꅁ띕꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ ꅝꑔꅞ떦늤궫굮꧊ ꗸ띾결ꑆ둸뒤냪ꕾꖫ돵놡뛕ꅁ롧녠ꕈꙘ룪ꓨꚡ뙩ꑊ럭ꙡꖫ돵ꛓ꣣ꚳ꣤ 66
떦늤꧊ꗘꪺꅁ꣤ꗘꪺ껉녠걍Ꙣ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꧒면ꪺꢤꛢꅁꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꕩ꿠걏Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꪺꝑ볭꣓랽ꅂ뒣꣑빐냢뫞륄ꅂ륳닕ꗳꪺꗍ늣뭐닕룋ꅂ늣ꭾꕾ빐ꪺ신륂쉉ꅝCaves, 1982ꅆDoz and Prahalad, 1984ꅞꅃ굙Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ떦늤궫굮꧊띕낪ꅁꗀ꒽ꕱꕾ겣꣬Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ빮ꕾꑈ귻띕Ꙩ앶꧒ꪺꓱ뉶띕낪ꅁꗀ꒽ꕱ뱶암Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꑈꑏ룪랽ꡍ떦ꪺ땻ꯗ띕낪ꅝMartinez and Ricks, 1989ꅞꅃꙝꚹꖻ곣ꡳ뇀뷗ꅁ맯꧳돦ꓨꗀ꒽ꕱꛓꢥꅁ굙Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾면ꪺꢤꛢ띕궫굮ꅁꭨꗀ꒽ꕱꑊꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦ꪺ뽮랥ꯗ띕낪ꅁ싇ꗑꖻꢭ꧒꣣돆꒧쁵뛕뭐뱶암ꑏ걏뽮랥삱룉꧒ꓭ꿊ꪺ꿠ꑏꅁꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁ덶ꡂ꣺녯ꡍ떦ꕄ뻉앶ꅁ깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ껚뻚ꕈꑗ꒧뷗굺ꅁꖻ곣ꡳꯘꗟ낲뮡1-7ꅇ 낲뮡1-7ꅇ 맯꧳돦ꓨꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꛓꢥꅁ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾Ꙣꙡꕄ냪꧒면ꪺꢤꛢ띕궫굮ꅁ띕꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ 뙌ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ Ꙣ뽗룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁ낪뚥뫞뉺많뚤ꅝTMTꅞꙀꙐꡍ쒳꒽ꕱ꒧궫굮ꡍ떦껉ꅁ굙ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊땻ꯗ띕낪ꅁꭨ롧샧셚껄띕꣎ꅝBourgeois, 1980ꅆDess, 1987ꅞꅃꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁꖻ곣ꡳ뭻결ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊띕낪ꅁꭨꙘ룪셚껄꒣ꑀꥷ띕꣎ꅁꗧꝙ굙ꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑땻ꯗ걏싇ꗑ돦ꓨꪺ녪뛕ꕄ뻉ꛓ륆ꚨꪺꅁ꒣ꝋ꣏ꕴꑀꓨ띐쒱륌꧳뽗뗴ꅁꣃꕂꚹꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꖼꖲ꿠ꕒ꓀삳ꕾꙢ샴맒ꅁ뻉교떦늤ꅘ샴맒끴빁ꯗ꒣꣎ꅁ늣ꗍꙘ룪셚껄꒣꣎ꪺ뫃뱻ꅆ굙ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ륆ꚨ걏ꗑ꧳Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗꝃꅁ뱗뙩떦늤ꅘ샴맒끴빁껄ꩇꅁꭨꙘ룪셚껄띕꣎ꅃꖻ곣ꡳꙞ압륌ꕨ곛쏶ꓥ쑭ꅁꑪꙨ볆ꪺ곣ꡳ떲ꩇ엣ꗜ꣢뚡꒧쏶ꭙ걏ꝥ뉻ꖿ곛쏶ꅃ Ꙣ꒣Ꙑꪺꡍ떦ꚡꑗ꧒륆ꚨꪺꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅁꕩ꿠늣ꗍ꒣Ꙑꪺ셚껄ꫭ 67
뉻ꅃꙢ뽗룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊띕낪ꅁꭨ꒽ꕱ셚껄띕꣎ꅆꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐셚껄뚡꒣꣣곛쏶꧊ꅝHomburg, 1999ꅞꅃꙝꚹꖻ곣ꡳꯘꗟ낲뮡2ꅇ 낲뮡2ꅇꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙꅁ라쁈ꡍ떦쏾ꮬꛓ꒣Ꙑꅃ 낲뮡2-1ꅇꙢ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑗꅁꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊띕낪ꅁꙘ룪셚껄띕꣎ꅃ 낲뮡2-2ꅇ Ꙣꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑗꅁꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊맯Ꙙ룪셚껄때엣뗛뱶암ꅃ 냑ꅂꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ Ꙣ뽗룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁꗸ띾꧒궱맯ꪺꕾꙢꖫ돵샴맒걏엜냊ꪺꅁꕾꙢ샴맒ꪺ엜냊녎뱶암ꡍ떦ꡍ떦꒧꣮ꥷꅁꙝꛓ덹ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐롧샧셚껄꣢꒧뚡ꪺ쏶ꭙ늣ꗍ엜꓆ꅝLawrence and Lorsch, 1967ꅞꅁꗧꝙꕾꙢꖫ돵샴맒ꪺ엜냊ꕩ꿠듮깺ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐롧샧셚껄뚡꒧ꖿꙖ쏶ꭙꅝDess and Priem, 1995ꅆWest and Schwenk, 1996ꅞꅆ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾Ꙑ볋궱셻ꕾꙢꖫ돵샴맒ꪺ엜냊ꅁꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙꕩ꿠늣ꗍ엜꓆ꅃ껚뻚ꕈꑗ꒧뷗굺ꅁꖻ곣ꡳꯘꗟꕈꑕ낲뮡3ꅇ 낲뮡3ꅇꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꪺ쁗뉶ꅁ라듮깺ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ땻ꯗ뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄쏶ꭙꪺ녪ꯗꅃ 68
닄ꑔ론 곣ꡳ엜볆ꥷ롱뭐냝ꣷ덝군 껚뻚ꭥ론꒧곣ꡳ걛멣곛쏶ꓥ쑭꒧놴끑ꅁ꿷녎ꖻ곣ꡳ엜볆꒧랧꧀꧊ꥷ롱ꥍ뻞Ꝁ꧊ꥷ롱,꓀ꝏ뎯굺꙰ꑕꅇ 돼ꅂ곣ꡳ엜볆꒧랧꧀꧊ꥷ롱 ꫭ4-1결Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅂꖫ돵냊멁꧊Ꙙ룪셚껄떥곣 ꡳ엜볆꒧랧꧀꧊ꥷ롱ꅁ꿷녎뻣뉺꙰ꑕꫭꅇ ꫭ4-1 곣ꡳ엜볆꒧랧꧀꧊ꥷ롱 곣ꡳ엜볆 랧꧀꧊ꥷ롱 덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧 띎ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꪺ덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧땻ꯗꅃ 곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚 띎ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚땻ꯗꅃ ꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚 띎ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꛦ빐꿠ꑏꪺ깴뙚땻ꯗꅃ ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧 띎ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡귻ꑵꪺꛦ결덗뵤ꙢꙀ쏑ꭈ꧀ꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꅃ 냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧 띎ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꗸ띾냪믚꓆겡냊꽁ꑊꪺ땻ꯗ뭐뉠ꯗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꅃ 룪랽몯덺ꯗ 띎ꗀ꒽ꕱꙢꙘꝀ쏶ꭙ꒤ꅁꦼꚹ꧒ꗦ뒫룪랽ꅝ꙰덎ꅂ룪끔ꅞꪺ꒬냊쁗뉶ꅂ꒬냊ꭾ뷨룪랽걹뙱ꪺꙨ맨ꅃ 떦늤궫굮꧊ 띎맯꧳돦ꓨꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꛓꢥꅁ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ떦늤궫굮꧊땻ꯗꅁꗧꝙꗀ꒽ꕱ맯냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ떦늤궫굮꧊뭻ꪾꅃ ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦 띎ꚳꝕ꧳냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾륆ꚨꝃꚨꖻꗘ볐꒧ꡍ떦ꅃ 깴늧꓆ꡍ떦 띎ꚳꝕ꧳냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾륆ꚨ늣ꭾ깴늧꓆ꗘ볐꒧ꡍ떦ꅃ ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ 띎냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꧒궱셻ꪺ늣띾샴맒꒣뵔ꥷ꧊ꅁꗧꝙꖫ돵엜냊쁗뉶ꪺ랧꧀ꅃ Ꙙ룪셚껄 띎냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒧샧륂떲ꩇꅁꗧꝙꗸ띾륆ꚨ롧샧ꗘ볐꒧땻ꯗꅃ 뙌ꅂ곣ꡳ엜볆꒧뻞Ꝁ꧊ꥷ롱 껚뻚곣ꡳ엜볆꒧랧꧀꧊ꥷ롱ꅁ뵔ꗟ뿅뙱볐럇ꣃꕂ녎꣤맯삳꧳곣ꡳ냝ꣷꑗꅁ꿷녎뻣뉺꙰ꫭ4-2ꅇ 69
ꫭ4-2 엜볆뿅뙱볐럇뭐냝ꣷ썄뢹 곣ꡳ엜볆 뻞Ꝁ꧊ꥷ롱 냝ꣷ썄뢹 덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧 냑ꛒGeringerꅝ1991ꅞ뭐Luoꅝ1996ꅞ꒧뿅뙱볐ꅁ룟닄ꑇ뎡꓀ 냝냑뭐싹ꓨ룪늣ꅂ귻ꑵꑈ볆빐냢썂ꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꅁꕂꕈ1ꅂ5ꅂ9 ꟵꝊ꽓ꅝLikertꅞ꒭쉉ꓘꯗ뙱ꫭ뿅뙱꒧ꅃ 곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚 냑ꛒNelsonꅝ1982ꅞ뭐Tan and Vertinskyꅝ1996ꅞ꒧뿅닄ꑇ뎡꓀ 뙱볐ꅁ룟냝냑뭐싹ꓨ곣땯뙏ꗎ곣땯ꑈ귻볆ꗘꪺ깴늧2ꅂ6 땻ꯗꅁꕂꕈꟵꝊ꽓ꅝLikertꅞ꒭쉉ꓘꯗ뙱ꫭ뿅뙱꒧ꅃ ꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚 냑ꛒTan and Vertinskꅝy1996ꅞ뭐Schoenecker and Cooper닄ꑇ뎡꓀ꅝ1998ꅞ꒧뿅뙱볐ꅁ룟냝냑뭐싹ꓨꛦ빐뙏ꗎꛦ빐ꑈ3ꅂ7 귻볆ꗘꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꅁꕈꟵꝊ꽓ꅝLikertꅞ꒭쉉ꓘꯗ뙱ꫭ뿅뙱꒧ꅃ ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧 냑ꛒHofatedeꅂNeuijenꅂOhayv and Sandersꅝ1990ꅞ닄ꑇ뎡꓀걸굚늱ꅝ1998ꅞ꒧뿅뙱볐ꅁ낣ꑆꕝꝴHofatedeꪺꓥ꓆11~22 ꕼ멣궱돦꿂쓝뷨볐ꅁꟳꕛꑊꑆ뙱꓆볐ꛓ궫띳쉫꿇ꕘꑔ귓ꚸ멣궱ꅁꕝ걁ꥸ릱ꕄ롱ꅂ녍띾ꕄ롱ꅂꭏꙵꕄ롱ꅁꙝꚹꟳꕩ뫫뵔뿅뙱ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧ꅃꙐ껉ꕈꟵꝊ꽓ꅝLikertꅞ꒭쉉ꓘꯗ뙱ꫭ뿅뙱꒧ꅃ 냪믚꓆롧엧 냑ꛒYuꅝ1990ꅞ뭐Liꅝ1994ꅞ꒧뿅뙱볐ꅁ룟냝냑뭐닄ꑇ뎡꓀깴늧 싹ꓨꑬ꒽ꕱ볆ꗘꅂ껼ꕾ샧ꚬꓱ꣒녱껼ꕾ겡냊냪깡볆4ꅂ8ꅂ9 ꗘꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꅁꕂꕈꟵꝊ꽓ꅝLikertꅞ꒭쉉ꓘꯗ뙱ꫭ뿅뙱꒧ꅃ 룪랽몯덺ꯗ 냑ꛒMohr and Nevinꅝ1996ꅞꅂMohrꅝ1996ꅞ뭐Ꟶꭂ깶닄ꑔ뎡꓀ ꅝ2000ꅞ꧒뒣ꕘ뿅뙱룪랽몯덺ꯗꪺ곛쏶엜볆결뿅뙱볐럇ꅁꕝ걁룪랽ꗦ뒫ꪺ롧녠꧊ꅂ랾덱ꣳ뷕ꪺ롧녠꧊ꅂ덱ꣳ뷕껉뚡ꪺꯗꅂ룪랽ꗦ뒫꧒믝ꑈꑏꪺꙨ맨ꅂ덎뭐룪랽ꗦ걹ꪺꓨꙖ꧊ꅂ뒣꣑맯ꓨ룪랽ꪺꖲ굮꧊ꅂ룪랽ꗦ뒫ꪺ뻚ꅂ랾덱룪랽ꪺꕒ꓀꧊ꅂ랾덱룪랽ꪺꧺ뵔꧊랾덱룪랽ꪺ껉껄꧊ꅁꕂꕈꟵꝊ꽓ꅝLikertꅞ꒭쉉ꓘꯗ뙱ꫭ뿅뙱꒧ꅃ 떦늤궫굮꧊ 냑ꛒBartelett and Ghoshalꅝ1989ꅞ뭐둞ꗉ뻰ꅝ2000ꅞ꒧닄ꕼ뎡ꗷ 뿅뙱볐ꅁꕝ걁꿠냷둸뒤ꖫ돵땯깩ꪺ쇍뛕ꅂ곝ꙮꙡꕄ냪ꖫ돵ꪺ볧ꑏꅂꕩꕈ뉯꣮쑶ꪧꪺꛦ냊ꅂ뫊놱럭ꙡ덎땯깩놡ꅂ꓀뒲돦ꑀꙡꕄ냪ꗍ늣ꪺ궷쁉떥ꅁꕂꕈꟵꝊ꽓ꅝLikertꅞ꒭쉉ꓘꯗ뙱ꫭ뿅뙱꒧ꅃ 70
곣ꡳ엜볆 뻞Ꝁ꧊ꥷ롱 냝ꣷ썄뢹 깴늧꓆ꡍ떦 냑ꛒDess and Davisꅝ1984ꅞꅂKim and Limꅝ1988ꅞ닄꒭뎡꓀ Homburgꅝ1999ꅞ꒧뿅뙱볐ꅁꕝ걁ꕈꩁ냈돐덹압ꯈ맯1~4 늣ꭾꪺ믹귈ꅂ뒣꣑뙗귈ꪺ늣ꭾꯘꗟꭾ땐뙈ꅂꙢꖫ돵 ꑗꕈ룻낪ꪺ믹껦빐냢뱳ꝩꡍ떦떥ꡍ떦뚵ꗘꅁꕂꕈꟵꝊ 꽓ꅝLikertꅞ꒭쉉ꓘꯗ뙱ꫭ뿅뙱꒧ꅃ ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦 냑ꛒDess and Davisꅝ1984ꅞꅂKim and Limꅝ1988ꅞ닄꒭뎡꓀Homburgꅝ1999ꅞ꒧뿅뙱볐ꅁꕝ걁끬ꡄ롧샧껄뉶ꅂ끬5~7 ꡄ귬껆뇄쇊ꪺꚨꖻ쁵뛕끬ꡄ덗볒롧샙떥ꡍ떦뚵ꗘꅁꕂꕈꟵꝊ꽓ꅝLikertꅞ꒭쉉ꓘꯗ뙱ꫭ뿅뙱꒧ꅃ ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ 냑ꛒChildꅝ1972ꅞꅂDuncanꅝ1972ꅞHomburgꅝ1999ꅞ닄꒻뎡ꗷ ꒧ꖫ돵냊멁꧊볐Ꝁ결뿅뙱볐럇ꅁꕝ걁Ꙑ띾빐냢떦늤엜ꅂꙐ띾ꭐ빐뭐뱳ꝩ떦늤엜ꅂꙐ띾ꥷ믹ꛦ결엜압ꯈ낾ꙮ엜떥볐ꅁꕂꕈꟵꝊ꽓ꅝLikertꅞ꒭쉉ꓘꯗ뙱ꫭ뿅뙱꒧ꅃ Ꙙ룪셚껄 ꖻ곣ꡳꕈꕄ왛ꚡ몡띎ꯗ꒧볐Ꝁ결뿅뙱볐럇ꅁ냑ꛒ닄ꑃ뎡꓀ RuekertꅁWalkerꅁand Roeringꅝ1985ꅞHomburgꅝ1999ꅞ꒧뿅뙱볐ꅁ셚껄뿅뙱볐냏꓀결껄ꩇꅂ껄뉶빁삳꧊ꑔ귓멣궱ꅃ껄ꩇ셚껄멣궱ꕝꝴꅁꖫ돵ꚳ뉶ꅂ륆ꚨ압ꯈ몡띎ꯗꝬꓞ띳ꪺ압ꯈꅆ껄뉶셚껄멣궱ꕈꝑ볭뿅뙱꒧ꅆ빁삳꧊셚껄멣궱ꕝꝴꅁ꿠ꢳ덴쁈쑶ꪧꪺꛦ빐떦늤뷕뻣ꅂ꧒뒣꣑ꪺ늣ꭾ꿠ꢳ덴ꙝ삳압ꯈ믝ꡄꪺ엜맯꧳띳ꪺꖫ돵ꯂ꿙꿠ꢳ덴삳ꅁꕂꕈꟵꝊ꽓ꅝLikertꅞ꒭쉉ꓘꯗ뙱ꫭ뿅뙱꒧ꅃ 냑ꅂ놱꣮엜볆 ꖻ곣ꡳ녎앶ꓱ꣒ꅂ늣띾ꝏ냪깡ꝏꝀ결놱꣮엜볆ꅁ꣤뉺ꗑ꙰ꑕꅇ ꑀꅂ앶ꓱ꣒ Ꙣ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁ꯹ꚳꙨ볆꒧Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꑪꙨ꿠샲녯 룻ꑪꪺ뷍Ꝑꑏꛓꕄ뻉뻣귓ꡍ떦륌땻ꅁꓗ꣤Ꙣꑀ꿫뚵ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁ뻖ꚳꙨ볆꒧ꗀ꒽ꕱꟳ걏롧녠꧳ꕄ뻉ꙡꛬꅁ꧒ꕈꖻ곣ꡳ링룕녎앶ꓱ꣒Ꝁ결놱꣮엜볆ꅁꗎꕈꑆ룑Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꒧앶ꓱ꣒꓀끴맯꧳ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧꣺녯ꅁꕈꙘ룪셚껄걏ꝟꚳ엣뗛뱶암ꅃ 71
ꑇꅂ늣띾ꝏ 럭뱴냓ꕈ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꓨꚡ뙩ꑊ럭ꙡꖫ돵껉ꅁ굙뱴냓꣤냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꧒쓝꒧늣띾ꅁꙢ럭ꙡꖫ돵ꖿ덂꧳늣띾ꗍꥒ뙧듁꒧ꚨ듁ꅁꭨ뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧뚡녎라ꚳꖿꙖ쏶ꭙꅆ꒧ꅁ굙뱴냓꣤냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꧒쓝꒧늣띾ꅁꙢ럭ꙡꖫ돵덂꧳늣띾ꗍꥒ뙧듁꒧ꚨ보듁ꅁꭨ뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄뚡꒧ꖿꙖ쏶ꭙ룻꒣ꧺ엣ꅁꙝꚹꖻ곣ꡳ녎늣띾ꝏ럭Ꝁ놱꣮엜볆ꅁꕈ듁꿠뵔꓁ꪺ뿅뙱ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊Ꙙ룪셚껄ꑔ뚡꒧쏶셰꧊ꅃ ꖻ곣ꡳ녎볋ꖻ뱴냓꧒쓝꒧늣띾냏꓀결뛇닎뭳덹띾낪곬뭳덹띾ꅁꗎꕈꑆ룑늣띾ꪺ깴늧꧊맯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅁꕈꙘ룪셚껄걏ꝟꚳ엣뗛뱶암ꅃ ꑔꅂ냪깡ꝏ 럭뱴냓Ꙣ꒣Ꙑꪺ냪깡녱냪믚Ꙙ룪겡냊껉ꅁꗀ냪뭐ꙡꕄ냪꒧뚡ꖲ땍꙳Ꙣꓥ꓆ꑗꪺ깴뙚ꅝShan,1991ꅞꅁ걏ꗀ냪뭐ꙡꕄ냪뚡꒧ꖫ돵떲멣늣ꗍꗦ꒬Ꝁꗎꅁꟳ곆ꗑ꧳ꦼꚹ뚡ꪺ덦맴앶걆떦ꪺ깴늧ꅁ녎뱶암싹ꓨꙢ끝냈ꑗꪺꙘꝀ땻ꯗꅝHagedoorn and Schakenraad, 1994ꅞꅁꙝꚹ녎뱶암Ꙙ룪셚껄ꫭ뉻ꅃꗑ꧳뱴냓Ꙣ껼ꕾ녱냪믚Ꙙ룪겡냊ꪺ냪깡곆Ꙩꅁꖻ곣ꡳ결꓆셣결슲껚뻚ꙕ냪꒧뙽땯땻ꯗ녎냪깡ꝏ냏꓀결ꑷ뙽땯냪깡뙽땯꒤냪깡ꅁꗎꕈꑆ룑룪냪꒧깴늧맯Ꙙ룪셚껄걏ꝟꚳ엣뗛뱶암ꅃꚹꕾꅁꗧ놴끑룪냪꒧깴늧맯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧꣺녯걏ꝟꚳ엣뗛뱶암ꅃ 낣ꚹ꒧ꕾꅁꖻ곣ꡳꣃꖼ녎ꗸ띾덗볒럭Ꝁ놱꣮엜볆ꅁ귬ꙝꙢ꧳덜Ꙩ곛쏶ꓥ쑭ꕘꅁꗸ띾덗볒ꑪꑰ맯Ꙙ룪셚껄ꫭ뉻ꣃ꒣ꑀꥷꚳ엣뗛뱶암ꅁ곆곣ꡳ떲ꩇ엣ꗜ꣢꒧뚡ꣃ꒣꣣곛쏶꧊ꅁꙝꚹꖻ곣ꡳ녎링룕녱냪믚Ꙙ룪냪믚떦늤셰럹ꚳ쏶셚껄멣궱꒧곛쏶ꓥ쑭ꅁ놴끑ꗸ띾덗볒ꑪꑰ뭐셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙꅃ꿷녎곛쏶곣ꡳ뻣뉺꙰ꑕꫭꅇ 72
73 ꫭ??㌠ꗸ띾덗볒뭐셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ? 곣ꡳ 곣ꡳꕄ썄 곣ꡳ땯뉻 셚껄볐 놱꣮엜볆 ꗸ띾덗볒-셚껄 Lyles and 냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾녱1.냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꽓꧊ꅝꕝ걁뻇닟꿠1.ꗸ띾셚껄ꅝꕝ걁빐1.냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾곣ꡳ떲ꩇ엣ꗜꅁꗸ띾덗Salk 냪ꕾꗀ꒽ꕱ덎ꑏꅂ냪ꕾꗀ꒽ꕱꪺ꽁ꑊ땻ꯗꅞ녎뱶냢뙱ꅂꖫ돵ꚳ뉶ꚨꗟ꙾볆2.냪믚볒ꑪꑰ맯ꑔ귓Ꙙ룪셚ꅝ1996ꅞ ꣺녯꒧뱶암ꙝ꿀암Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾녱냪ꕾꗀ꒽ꕱ덎꣺녯ꝑ볭ꅞꅃ2.ꑈꑏ룪랽Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾덗볒 껄멣궱곒꒣엣뗛ꅁꫭꗜ꣤뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧땻ꯗꅃ2.Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾덎꣺녯뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄ꅝ뒣꣑빁럭ꪺ귻ꗸ띾덗볒ꑪꑰꣃ꒣뱶꒧쏶ꭙꅃ 셚껄멣궱곒ꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꅃ ꑵ끖뵭뫞뉺덎암Ꙙ룪셚껄ꫭ뉻ꅃ 떽ꅞꅃ3.뗻꛴셚껄ꅝꝙꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ맯Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾셚껄꒧ꕄ왛ꪾ쒱ꅞꅃ Luꅝo2001ꅞ Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ싹궫1.냪ꕾꗀ꒽ꕱ맯Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ뻣엩꧊Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ맯Ꙙ룪1.ꗘ볐꒣ꑀ교2.곣ꡳ떲ꩇ엣ꗜꅁꗸ띾덗놱꣮맯냪믚Ꙙ룪놱꣮ꅝ랧걁뻣엩Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾겡냊ꅞ셚껄몡띎ꯗ뭻ꪾꅃ ꓥ꓆깴뙚3.앶볒ꑪꑰ뭐ꗀ꒽ꕱ맯Ꙙꗸ띾셚껄꒧뱶귓ꝏ겡냊놱꣮ꅝꗍ늣ꅂꛦ빐꿅끝냈4.냪ꕾꗀ꒽ꕱ꿠룪ꗸ띾셚껄몡띎ꯗ뭻암ꅃ 놱꣮떥ꅞ뭐꣤맯Ꙙ룪셚껄몡띎ꯗꅁꑏ5.럭ꙡꗀ꒽ꕱꪾꣃ꒣꣣곛쏶꧊ꅃ Ꙣꕛꑊ놱꣮엜볆ꯡ결ꖿ곛쏶ꅃ2.럭ꙡ꿠ꑏ6. 냪믚Ꙙꗀ꒽ꕱꕵ맯귓ꝏ겡냊놱꣮껉ꅁ뭐꣤룪ꗸ띾덗볒7.늣맯Ꙙ룪셚껄몡띎ꯗꅁꙢꕛꑊ놱꣮엜띾ꚨ 볆ꯡ결ꖿ곛쏶ꅃ Mjoen and 냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾놱Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ맯Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ뻣엩꧊놱Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ맯Ꙙ룪ꣃꖼꛒ뱻놱꣮엜ꣃꖼꛒ뱻녎ꗸ띾덗볒Tallman꣮뭐셚껄꒧쏶꣮뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄결ꖿ곛쏶ꅃ 셚껄몡띎ꯗ뭻ꪾꅃ 볆 ꑪꑰꝀ결놱꣮엜볆ꅃ ꅝ1997ꅞ ꭙꅃ
74 곣ꡳ 곣ꡳꕄ썄 곣ꡳ땯뉻 셚껄볐 놱꣮엜볆 ꗸ띾덗볒-셚껄 Luo냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꅂ냪1.냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾뭐꣤Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꪺ늣ꭾ곛ꝑ볭ꅂ빐냢썂ꅂ쑶1.냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾덗볒곣ꡳ떲ꩇ엣ꗜꅁꗸ띾덗ꅝ2002ꅞ ꕾ뱴냓뭐ꙡꕄ냪쏶땻ꯗ띕낪ꅁꭨꙘ룪셚껄띕꣎ꅃ2.굙Ꙙ룪ꗀꪧꙡꛬ뻣엩꧊2.ꓥ꓆깴뙚3.냪믚Ꙙ볒ꑪꑰ맯Ꙙ룪셚껄ꣃ뱴냓늣ꭾ곛쏶꧊꒽ꕱ뚡룪랽꒬룉꧊ꗘ볐ꑀ교꧊띕낪ꅁꭨ녎셚껄ꅃ 룪ꗸ띾꧒Ꙣ꒧냏냬ꅝꩵ때엣뗛뱶암ꅃ 맯Ꙙ룪셚껄ꪺ뱶뱗녪늣ꭾ곛쏶꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙꅃ3.껼ꮰꖫꅂ롧샙뙽꧱ꙡ냏암ꅃ 굙냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꖫ돵뻷라룻ꓖ궱셻럭꣤ꕌꅞ4.럭ꙡꗀ꒽ꕱꙡ꣮ꯗꑗꪺ쎪ꅁꭨꕵ띌깺뱗녪늣ꭾ곛쏶꧊ꅝ꒤냪ꅞꪺ꧒ꚳ앶뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙꅃ ꚡꅃ5.앶꓀끴ꅃ Luo뙽땯꒤냪깡늣띾뙽땯꒤냪깡늣띾떲멣꽓뱸ꅝꕝ걁늣띾샲ꝑROIꅂ빐냢썂ꅂꕘꆮD녋뚰ꯗ2.뱳ꝩ곣ꡳ떲ꩇ엣ꗜꅁꗸ띾덗ꅝ1999ꅞ 떲멣꽓뱸뭐냪믚뉶ꅂ늣띾룪ꖻ녋뚰ꯗꅂ늣띾꒧뱴냓ꚨꅂ떲ꑦ뙱덗쇗궷쁉3.ꗸ띾덗볒4.샧륂듁볒ꑪꑰ맯냪믚셰럹셚떦늤셰럹셚껄꒧멣꒣뵔ꥷ꧊늣띾빐냢ꚨꅞ맯셰럹셚껄ꚳ땻ꯗꅃ 뚡땵5.앶꓀끴6.껄ꣃ때엣뗛뱶암ꅃ 쏶ꭙꅃ 엣뗛뱶암ꅃ ꣓랽냪 Parkhe떦늤셰럹떲멣꓆:1.ꗸ띾뚡ꪺ꒬냊쁗뉶뭐ꛦ결덺ꧺ꓆맯셰럹1.떦늤셰럹ꯡꅁꗸ1.ꗸ띾덗볒2.ꕄ굮늣곣ꡳ떲ꩇ엣ꗜꅁꗸ띾덗ꅝ1993ꅞ ꕈ쇉ꞽ뉺뷗ꗦ셚껄ꚳ엣뗛뱶암ꅃ2.쁶ꕉꓨꚡ꒧뿫ꝏ맯셰럹띾떦늤륆ꚨꯗꅃ2.ꭾ뫘쏾3.ꕄ굮ꖫ돵볒ꑪꑰ맯셰럹셚껄ꣃ꧶ꚨꖻ뉺뷗샋엧셚껄ꚳ엣뗛뱶암ꅃ ꕾ랸껄ꩇꅂ곛맯샲ꅝ과ꅂꓩꅞ 때엣뗛뱶암ꅃ ꗸ띾뚡꒧ꙘꝀꅃ ꝑ뉶뻣엩셚껄ꅃ Simonin떦늤셰럹ꕛꑊ띳ꪺ셰럹껉ꅁ뱴냓륌ꕨꪺ셰럹롧엧ꣃꖼROIꅂROAꅂꗀ꒽ꗸ띾덗볒 곣ꡳ떲ꩇ엣ꗜꅁꗸ띾덗ꅝ1997ꅞ know-howꪺ궫굮꿠ꪽ놵뱶암띳셰럹셚껄ꅁꛓ걏ꣃ뚷녎롧엧꒺ꕱ꧒샲녯꒧ꝑ볒ꑪꑰ맯롧엧ꅂ꧊ꅁꑀ귓뻇닟꧊닕뎡꓆ꅁꗎꕈꝐ쉟덎늾신껉뻷꛳껉떲ꟴꅁ볭ꅂꖫ돵ꚳ뉶꒧know-how셚껄꒧쏶슴꒧맪쏒ꅇꝙ뱴냓싇ꗑꚹ떦늤셰럹know-howꅁ뙩ꛓ뱶암셚껄ꅃ 떽ꅃ ꭙꣃꭄ걏ꗽꡍ뇸ꗳꅁꝙ꙰꛳녱떦늤셰럹ꗸ띾덗볒맯ꑔ꒧쏶꒤뻇닟ꅃ ꭙ꒣엣뗛ꕂ꒣꣣궫굮꧊ꅃ
닄ꕼ론 곣ꡳ맯뙈뭐룪껆뭠뚰 돼ꅂ곣ꡳ맯뙈 ꖻ곣ꡳꪺ곣ꡳꕄ썄걏ꚳ쏶냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦꣮ꥷ꒧곣ꡳꅁꕄ굮놴끑ꕸ왗뱴냓ꕈ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꓨꚡ뙩ꑊ럭ꙡꖫ돵ꅁꣃꕂ뭐럭ꙡ뱴냓ꙀꙐꕘ룪ꚨꗟ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡Ꙣ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦꣮ꥷ곛쏶꒧곣ꡳꅃ걇ꖻ곣ꡳ걏ꕈꕸ왗뱴냓뭐럭ꙡ뱴냓ꙀꙐꚨꗟ꒧냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾결ꕄ굮곣ꡳ맯뙈ꅃ껚뻚ꖻ곣ꡳ맯냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꥷ롱ꅁ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꖲ뚷꣣ꚳꕈꑕ꽓쉉ꅇ 1.냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꛜꓖ뻖ꚳ꣢귓ꕈꑗꪺꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꅁꣃꕂ꣤꒤ꑀꓨꖲ뚷걏ꕾ냪꒽ꕱꅃ 2.냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾걏꣢귓ꕈꑗꪺ뽗ꗟꩫꑈ뻷멣ꅝꝙꗀ꒽ꕱꅞꙀꙐ돐덝ꪺ띳귓엩ꅁ뽗ꗟ꧳꧒ꚳꪺꗀ꒽ꕱ꒧ꕾꅃ 3.냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꕄ굮ꪺꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꞡꛜꓖ뻖ꚳ5ꉍꪺ앶ꅃ 4.Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꕄ굮ꪺꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꒣뛈뛈걏뒣꣑끝냈꧊룪ꅁꗧꖲ뚷뽮랥냑뭐Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒧ꡍ떦ꅃ 5.냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꣤ꕸ왗ꗀ꒽ꕱ꧒쓝ꪺ늣띾ꝏ결뭳덹띾ꅃ ꖻ곣ꡳ꒧꓀꩒돦ꛬ결냪믚Ꙙ룪꒧냪꒺ꗀ꒽ꕱꅁ굙냪꒺ꗀ꒽ꕱꚳ꣢귓ꕈ ꑗꪺꙘ룪껗껉ꅁꭨꕈ돌ꕄ굮돌보노ꪺꙘ룪껗결곣ꡳ뻚ꅆ굙ꚹꙘ룪껗꒧ 냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꚳ꣢귓ꕈꑗꪺꗀ꒽ꕱꅁꭨꕈ돌ꕄ굮ꪺꙘ룪맯뙈결곣ꡳ뻚ꅃ 뙌ꅂ룪껆뭠뚰 ꖻ곣ꡳ꒧곣ꡳ볋ꖻꪺ꣓랽ꕩ꓀결꣢뎡꓀ꅇꅝ1ꅞ덺륌롧샙뎡룪뱦쒳ꥥ 귻라ꑅꑑꑀ꙾꧒ꕘꪩ꒧ꅵ맯ꕾ룪띾ꙗ뿽ꅶ꧒땮뿽ꕸ왗뱴냓꣺녯ꫬꡂꪺ볋ꖻꙗ돦ꅃꅝ2ꅞ덺륌롧샙뎡룪뱦쒳ꥥ귻라ꑅꑑꑀ꙾꧒ꕘꪩ꒧ꅵꑗꖫꑗ쉤꒽ꕱ맯ꑪ뎰룪띾ꙗ뿽ꅶ꧒땮뿽ꕸ왗뱴냓꣺녯ꫬꡂꪺ볋ꖻꙗ돦ꅃꕈꑗꙗ뿽꧒땮뿽꒧룪껗ꗳ결ꗁ냪ꑅꑑꑀ꙾ꑅꓫ꦳꒧ꭥꅁ룪뱦쒳ꥥ귻라꧒귣 75
꒧맯ꕾ룪껗ꗳꅃ곣ꡳ볋ꖻ꒧늣띾ꝏꕄ굮결뭳덹띾ꅁꕝ걁륱뺹륱ꑬ뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾ꅂ궹ꭾ뚼껆뭳덹띾ꅂ쓝뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾떥12귓늣띾ꅃꧢ꣺꒧곣ꡳ볋ꖻꖲ뚷걏룪껆땮뿽ꞹ뻣꒧뱴냓ꅁ꣒꙰ꖲ뚷꣣ꚳ룔닓꒧꒽ꕱꙗ뫙ꅂ맯ꕾ룪띾ꙗ뫙ꅂ냪꒺룪ꙡꝽꅂ맯ꕾ룪띾ꙡꝽꅂ냪꒺륱룜ꕄ굮샧띾뚵ꗘ떥ꅁ굙룪껆꒣ꗾꭨ뇆낣Ꙣꙗ돦꒧ꕾꅃꚹꕾꅁ뙩ꑊ롧샙뎡냓띾ꕱ뫴꾸녎ꡃꑀ깡뱴냓ꑀꑀ땮뿽ꅁ뙩ꑀꡂ샋엧뱴냓룪껆걏ꝟꚳ뭾ꅁ굙걏뱴냓룪껆ꚳ뭾ꅁꭨꕈ냓띾ꕱ꧒룼꒧뱴냓룪껆결ꕄꅃ껚뻚ꕈꑗꡂ왊ꅁ덶ꑀ뵔ꗟꖻ곣ꡳ꒧볋ꖻꙗ돦ꅃ볋ꖻ꒤꒧뱴냓맯ꕾ룪꒧냪쑹꓀ꖬ놡ꩰ꙰ꑕꫭꅇ ꫭ4-4 곣ꡳ볋ꖻ맯ꕾ룪꒧냪쑹꓀ꖬꫭ 냪쑹 ꒤냪ꑪ뎰 ꓩꖻ 과냪 볚걷 ꩆ ꣤ꕌꇏ 셠군 볋ꖻ볆 241 180 198 43 112 33 807 ꇏ ꣤ꕌꙡ냏ꕝ걁궻들ꅂ쇺냪ꕛ꺳ꑪ떥냪 ꖻ곣ꡳ껚뻚볋ꖻꙗ돦Ꙁ녈땯807ꗷ냝ꣷꅁ냝ꣷ녈땯껉뚡결ꕼꓫꫬꅁ롧뛊ꚬꯡꛜ5ꓫ꦳Ꙟꚬ멉ꓮ껉ꅁꙀꙞꚬ134ꗷ냝ꣷꅁꚩ낣뛱떪꒣ꗾꙀ28ꗷꅁꚳ껄냝ꣷ볆106ꗷꅁꚳ껄냝ꣷꙞꚬ뉶결ꉍꅃ냝ꣷ뛱떪ꑈ굉뒺결룓꒽ꕱ냆셠롧뉺뱨꿅ꕈꑗꕂ보노ꚹ띾냈꒧ꑈ귻ꅃ룔닓Ꙟꚬ놡ꩰ꙰ꑕꫭ꧒ꗜꅃ ꫭ4-5 ꖻ곣ꡳ꒧냝ꣷꙞꚬꪬꩰ 녈ꕘ냝ꣷ볆 807 끨Ꙟꗷ볆 31 맪믚ꗷ볆 776 Ꙟꚬꗷ볆 134 때껄냝ꣷ볆 28 ꚳ껄냝ꣷ볆 106 ꚳ껄Ꙟꚬ뉶 ꉍ 76
닄꒭론 룪껆꓀꩒ꓨꩫ ꖻ곣ꡳꕄ굮륂ꗎꪺ닎군꓀꩒ꓨꩫꕝ걁ꅇ뇔굺꧊닎군ꅂ빁Ꙙꯗ샋ꥷꅂ뚵ꗘ꓀꩒ꅂ곛쏶꓀꩒ꩫꕈ끪쉫꓀꩒ꩫꅁ꿷녎ꙕ닎군ꓨꩫ뮡ꧺ꙰ꑕꅇ 1. 뇔굺꧊닎군ꅇꖻ곣ꡳ궺ꗽꝑꗎ뇔굺꧊닎군꓀꩒ꩫꅁꕝ걁ꚸ볆꓀끴ꫭꅂꛊ꓀ꓱꅂꖭꞡ볆엜늧볆ꅁꗎꕈ둹굺볋ꖻ꒧꽓꧊ꅂ쏾ꝏꓱ꣒꓀끴떥놡ꅃ 2. 빁Ꙙꯗ샋ꥷꩫꅇꖻ곣ꡳꝑꗎ빁Ꙙꯗ샋ꥷꩫ샋엧Ꙟꚬ볋ꖻ꒧ꕎꫭ꧊ꅃ 3. 뚵ꗘ꓀꩒ꩫꅇꖻ곣ꡳꝑꗎ뚵ꗘ꓀꩒ꗎꕈꡄ녯Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅂꖫ돵냊멁꧊Ꙙ룪셚껄뙱ꫭ꒺ꙕꙝ꿀꒧꒺뎡ꑀ교꧊ꅝinternal consistencyꅞꅁꕈCronbach’s ꍜꫭꗜ꒧ꅃ 4. 곛쏶꓀꩒ꩫꅇꖻ곣ꡳꝑꗎ곛쏶꓀꩒ꩫ샋엧ꙕ엜볆뚡꒧곛쏶땻ꯗꅁꕈ쇗ꝋꙢ뙩ꛦ끪쉫꓀꩒껉ꅁꛛ엜볆뚡늣ꗍꙀ뵵꧊ꪺ뉻뙈ꅃ 5. 끪쉫꓀꩒ꩫꅇꖻ곣ꡳꝑꗎ끪쉫꓀꩒ꩫ꣓샋ꥷꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊맯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧뱶암ꅆꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊맯Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧뱶암ꅁꕈꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊Ꙙ룪셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙꅃꣃꕂ싇ꗑ덶ꡂꪺ녎ꛛ엜볆ꕛꑊ끪쉫볒ꚡ꒤ꅁꗎꕈꑆ룑룑쓀엜볆뭐덑룑쓀엜볆꒧뚡쏶ꭙꪺ엜꓆놡ꅃꖻ곣ꡳ꧒뇄ꗎ꒧룪껆꓀꩒ꓨꩫꅁ꙰ꑕ맏꧒ꗜꅃ ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ 끪쉫꓀꩒ Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊ 룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ Ꙙ룪셚껄 랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ 떦늤궫굮꧊ 끪쉫꓀꩒ 끪쉫꓀꩒ 맏4-3 ꖻ곣ꡳ꒧룪껆꓀꩒ꩫ 77
닄꒻론 ꭈꯗ뭐껄ꯗ꓀꩒ ꖻ곣ꡳ걏ꕈꫬ꿅룪껆Ꝁ결곣ꡳ꒧껚뻚ꅁ꧒ꕈ뙱ꫭꕩ꿠라ꚳꭈꯗꅝreliabilityꅞ뭐껄ꯗꅝvalidityꅞꪺ냝썄땯ꗍꅃ굙뙱ꫭ꒧ꭈꯗ륌ꝃꅁꭨꡓꚳ껄ꯗꅆ곛맯ꪺꅁ굙껄ꯗ륌ꝃꅁꭨꭈꯗꡓꚳ띎롱ꅁꙝꚹꚳꖲ굮끷맯냝ꣷ룪껆뙩ꛦꭈꯗ껄ꯗ꓀꩒ꅃ 돼ꅂꭈꯗ꓀꩒ ꭈꯗ걏듺뙱룪껆ꪺꕩ빡꧊ꅁꝙꑀ귓듺뙱ꑵ꣣Ꙣ듺뙱걙꯹ꑛ꧊ꓟ뉺꽓뷨ꅝ멁ꯗꅞꪺꅵ쎭ꥷ꧊ꅶꅵꑀ교꧊ꅶꅃ쎭ꥷ꧊걏ꗎꙐꑀ뫘듺뙱ꑵ꣣ꅁ맯Ꙑꑀ곛ꗀ엩뙩ꛦ궫뷆꧊듺뙱ꅁ굙걉듺ꪺ떲ꩇ꣣ꑀ교꧊ꅁꭨꚹ듺뙱ꑵ꣣꣣ꚳ쎭ꥷ꧊ꅃꑀ교꧊걏샋ꥷ걙뙱ꫭꙢꙕ뫘꒣Ꙑ뱨궱ꪺꑀ교꧊ꅁꚹ뫘ꭈꯗꑓꕩ꓀결ꕢꭈꯗꅂ깷ꟵꭈꯗCronbach’s ꍜꭈꯗ떥ꅃꖻ곣ꡳ녎뇄ꗎCronbach’s ꍜ꓀꩒ꩫꅁꕈCronbach’s ꍜꭙ볆꣓뿅뙱Ꙑꑀ멣꧀ꑕꙕ뚵ꗘ뚡ꪺꑀ교꧊ꅃꑀ꿫ꛓꢥꅁCronbach’s ꍜꭙ볆ꛜꓖꑪ꧳ꛓꑪ꧳룻꣎ꅝNunnallyꅁ1978ꅞꅃꖻ곣ꡳ녎끷맯꣣ꚳꑇ귓뚵ꗘꕈꑗ냝썄꒧엜볆ꅁ뙩ꛦCronbach’s ꍜꭙ볆꒧ꭈꯗ샋ꥷꅃꗑ4-6꒧샋ꥷ떲ꩇꕩꪾꅁ낣ꑆ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦꒧뚵ꗘꍜ귈ꑰ꧳ꕾꅁꖻ곣ꡳꙕ엜볆꒧뚵ꗘCronbach’s ꍜ귈곒ꑪ꧳ꅁ쇶땍깴늧꓆ꡍ떦뚵ꗘ꒧ꍜ귈결ꑰ꧳ꅁ꒴땍닅Ꙙꍜ귈ꑪ꧳꒧돌ꝃ굮ꡄꅁꣃꕂ놵꫱꧳ꅃꚹꕾꅁꙘ룪셚껄꒧껄뉶셚껄ꕵꚳꑀ귓냝뚵ꅁꙝꚹ꒣꒩ꕈ뙩ꛦꭈꯗ꓀꩒ꅃ롧ꗑꕈꑗ꧒굺ꅁꖻ곣ꡳ냝ꣷꙕ엜볆꒧뚵ꗘꅁ꣣ꚳ곛럭ꕩ빡ꪺ꒺뎡ꑀ교꧊ꅁꗧꝙ꣣돆곛럭땻ꯗꪺꭈꯗꅃ 뙌ꅂ껄ꯗ꓀꩒ 껄ꯗ걏듺뙱떲ꩇꪺꅵ꽵뵔꧊ꅶꅁꝙ듺뙱ꑵ꣣꿠ꖿ뵔뿅뙱곣ꡳ꧒뇽 78
뿅뙱ꪺ꽓뷨꒧땻ꯗꅃ결ꑆ꣏냝ꣷ꣣돆곛럭땻ꯗꪺ껄ꯗꅁꕩꕈ롧ꗑ곛쏶ꓥ쑭ꪺ뻣뉺ꅁꗎꕈ뵔ꥷ곣ꡳ엜볆ꪺ왛꧀뿅뙱볐럇ꅁ꣏녯냝ꣷ꒺깥꣣ꚳ곛럭ꪺ뉺뷗냲슦ꅃꖻ곣ꡳ냝ꣷ뚵ꗘꪺ늣ꗍꭙ껚뻚곣ꡳꕄ썄ꅁ냑ꛒ냪꒺ꕾ꒧곛쏶ꓥ쑭ꅁꣃꕂꕛꕈ뻣뉺ꅁ싔띖ꪺ뿯뻜뙱ꫭ듺뙱뚵ꗘꓞꗎ냪꒺ꕾ곛쏶뻇뒿롧꣏ꗎ륌꒧뙱ꫭꅁ꧒ꕈꖻ곣ꡳ꒧냝ꣷ꒺깥ꅁ삳꿠ꕒ꓀뉛뭜꧒굮뿅뙱꒧멣꧀ꅁꛓ냝ꣷꖻꢭ삳꣣ꚳꙮꪺ꒺깥껄ꯗꅃ ꫭ4-6 Cronbach’s ꍜꭙ볆ꫭ 곣ꡳ엜볆 Cronbach’s ꍜ귈 덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧 곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚 ꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚 ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧 냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧 룪랽몯덺ꯗ 떦늤궫굮꧊ ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ 깴늧꓆ꡍ떦 ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦 껄ꩇ셚껄 빁삳꧊셚껄 냑ꅂ엜볆뚡꒧곛쏶꓀꩒ ꖻ곣ꡳ녎ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧ꡍꥷꙝ꿀뙩ꛦ곛쏶꓀꩒ꅁꗎꕈꝐ쉟ꙕ엜볆뚡ꪺ곛쏶땻ꯗꅃꗑꫭ4-7엣ꗜꅁꙕ엜볆뚡꒧곛쏶땻ꯗꣃ꒣낪ꅁ늣ꗍꙀ뵵꧊ꪺ놡ꩰ룻ꝃꅃꚹꕾꅁ굙룑쓀엜볆ꪺVIF귈ꅝvariance inflation factorsꅞ띕ꑰꅁꭨ룻꒣깥꧶늣ꗍꙀ뵵꧊ꪺ놡ꩰꅃꗑꫭ4-8ꅂꫭ4-9ꫭ4-10엣ꗜꅁ룑쓀엜볆ꪺVIF귈ꣃ꒣낪ꅝVIFꇘꅞꅁ꧒ꕈ뙩ꛦ끪쉫꓀꩒껉ꅁꙕ룑쓀엜볆뚡늣ꗍꙀ뵵꧊ꪺ놡ꩰ룻ꝃꅃ 79
ꫭ4-7 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊ꙕ엜볆꒧곛쏶꓀꩒ 엜볆 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1.깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ 2.ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ .18 3.덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧 ꇐ.10 .01 4.곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚 ꇐ.10 .04 .65 5.ꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚 ꇐ.03 ꇐ.02 .66 .57 6.ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧 ꇐ.18 ꇐ.00 .43 .52 .38 7.냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧 ꇐ.15 .03 .60 .64 .60 .30 8.룪랽몯덺ꯗ .48 .28 ꇐ.00 ꇐ.02 ꇐ.05 ꇐ.12 ꇐ.04 9.떦늤궫굮꧊ .34 .27 ꇐ.01 .01 .03 ꇐ.06 .00 .23 ꫭ4-8 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊엜볆꒧VIF귈 덑룑쓀엜볆 ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ 룑쓀엜볆 VIF귈 덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧 곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚 ꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚 ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧 냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧 룪랽몯덺ꯗ 떦늤궫굮꧊ ꫭ4-9 ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧VIF귈 덑룑쓀엜볆 Ꙙ룪셚껄 룑쓀엜볆 VIF귈 깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ ꫭ4-10 ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꥍꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꗦ꒬껄ꩇ꒧VIF귈 덑룑쓀엜볆 Ꙙ룪셚껄 룑쓀엜볆 VIF귈 깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ 깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꥍꖫ 돵냊멁꧊꒧ꗦ꒬껄ꩇ ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꥍꖫ 돵냊멁꧊꒧ꗦ꒬껄ꩇ 80
닄꒭뎹 맪쏒곣ꡳ떲ꩇ 닄ꑀ론?볋ꖻ둹굺 돼ꅂ볋ꖻꙞꚬ랧ꩰ ꖻ곣ꡳꙀꙞꚬ134ꗷ냝ꣷꅁꚳ껄냝ꣷ106ꗷꅃꚳ껄볋ꖻ꒧늣띾ꝏ맯ꕾ룪냪꓀끴놡꙰ꫭ5-1꧒ꗜꅃꗑꫭ5-1ꕩꪾꅁ뱴냓맯ꕾ룪냪ꕈ꒤냪ꑪ뎰돌ꙨꅁꙀꚳ37깡ꅁꓩꖻꙀꚳ26깡ꚸ꒧ꅁ과냪Ꙁꚳ23깡ꙁꚸ꒧ꅁ꣤ꕌ륳걐꓀ꖬ꧳볚걷ꅂꩆ꣤ꕌꙡ냏ꅃ맯ꕾ룪냪ꕈ꒤냪ꑪ뎰ꓱ꣒돌낪ꅁ엣ꗜ꫱꙾꣓ꕸ왗뱴냓ꚳ꿉꿉ꢫꙖꑪ뎰ꖫ돵ꅁꣃꕂꕈ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꓨꚡ뙩ꑊ럭ꙡꖫ돵꒧쇍뛕ꅁ과ꅂꓩꙡ냏ꗧ결ꕸ왗뱴냓볶끊ꪺ룪냪깡ꅃ둎늣띾ꝏꛓꢥꅁꕈ륱뺹륱ꑬ뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾돌ꙨꅁꙀꚳ42깡ꅁ꣤ꚸ결쓝뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾뻳붦뛬붦뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾ꅁ꓀ꝏ결13깡11깡ꅃ ꫭ5-1 ꚳ껄볋ꖻ꒧늣띾ꝏ뭐맯ꕾ룪냪꓀끴ꫭ 돦ꛬꅇ깡볆 맯ꕾ룪냪 ꑪ뎰 ꓩꖻ 과냪 볚걷 ꩆ꣤ꕌꇏ Ꙙ군 ꛊ꓀ꓱ늣띾ꝏ ꅝꉍꅞ 궹ꭾ뚼껆뭳덹띾 1 3 2 1 0 0 7 6 ꩁ릢ꭾ뭳덹띾 1 1 0 0 0 1 3 2 ꓬꛋ뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 꿈꿈뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾 2 0 0 0 1 0 3 2 뻳붦뛬붦뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾 4 3 2 0 0 2 11 10 ꓆뻇ꭾ뭳덹띾 4 3 1 1 1 0 10 9 쓝뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾 2 6 3 2 0 0 13 12 뻷뇱믶뺹뭳덹띾 2 1 2 0 1 0 6 5 륱뺹륱ꑬ뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾 14 8 12 2 3 3 42 39 꾼슴띾 6 1 1 1 0 0 9 8 ꗖ궲ꓲꗖ꣤뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ꭄ쓝쑱늣ꪫ뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 Ꙙ군 37 26 23 7 7 6 106 100 ꛊ꓀ꓱꅝꉍꅞ 34 24 21 6 6 5 100 ꇏ꣤ꕌꙡ냏ꕝ걁궻들ꅂ쇺냪ꕛ꺳ꑪ떥냪 81
ꖻ곣ꡳ꣏ꗎ빁Ꙙꯗ샋ꥷꩫ샋엧냝ꣷꙞꚬ볋ꖻꪺꕎꫭ꧊ꅁ땯뉻꣤Pearsonꕤꓨ귈결>,ꖼ륆엣뗛ꓴ럇,ꫭꗜꙞꚬ냝ꣷ뭐ꗀ엩ꓱ꣒곛럭ꅁ꧒ꕈ볋ꖻ꣣ꚳꑀꥷ땻ꯗ꒧ꕎꫭ꧊ꅃꙞꚬ볋ꖻ뭐ꗀ엩꒧늣띾ꝏ꓀ꖬ놡ꅁ꿷녎뻣뉺꙰ꑕꫭꅇ ꫭ5-2 ꚳ껄볋ꖻ꒧늣띾ꝏ꓀ꖬ놡 냝ꣷꙞꚬ ꗀ엩 늣띾ꝏ 깡볆 ꛊ꓀ꓱꅝꉍꅞ 깡볆 ꛊ꓀ꓱꅝꉍꅞ궹ꭾ뚼껆뭳덹띾 7 6 29 3 ꩁ릢ꭾ뭳덹띾 3 2 40 4 ꓬꛋ뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾 0 0 5 꿈꿈뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾 3 2 19 2 뻳붦뛬붦뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾 11 10 57 7 ꓆뻇ꭾ뭳덹띾 10 9 133 16 쓝뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾 13 12 69 8 뻷뇱믶뺹뭳덹띾 6 5 51 6 륱뺹륱ꑬ뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾 42 39 331 41 꾼슴띾 9 8 36 4 ꗖ궲ꓲꗖ꣤뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾 0 0 4 ꭄ쓝쑱늣ꪫ뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾 2 1 33 4 Ꙙ군 106 100 807 100 뙌ꅂ볋ꖻ꒽ꕱ앶떲멣꓀꩒ ꫭ5-3결ꕸ왗ꗀ꒽ꕱ뭐냪ꕾꗀ꒽ꕱ꯹ꓱ꣒꒧닎군ꫭꅁꗑꫭ꒤ꕩꪾꅁꚳ껄볋ꖻꪺ앶꓀끴떲멣ꅁꙨ뚰꒤꧳냑뭐싹ꓨ꒣맯뫙꒧놡ꅁꗧꝙ앶꓀끴ꑪꙨ쓝꧳Ꙩ볆-ꓖ볆ꓖ볆-Ꙩ볆꣢뫘ꅃꕸ왗뱴냓Ꙩ볆꒧깡볆Ꙁ군53깡ꅁ뻣엩ꓱ꣒곹ꑀꕢꅁꓖ볆꒧깡볆Ꙁ군28깡ꅁ뻣엩ꓱ꣒곹26ꉍꅁꛓ맯ꕢ꒧깡볆Ꙁ군25깡ꅁ뻣엩ꓱ꣒ꪺ23ꉍꅃꗑ꓀꩒떲ꩇꕩꪾꅁꚳ껄볋ꖻ앶떲멣꒣맯뫙꒧깡볆곹뻣엩ꓱ꣒ꪺ76ꉍꅃ 82
ꫭ5-3 ꕸ왗ꗀ꒽ꕱ앶꓀끴ꫭ 깡볆 ꛊ꓀ꓱꅝ%ꅞ ꓖ볆ꅝ5ꉍ-49ꉍꅞ 28 26 맯ꕢꅝ50ꉍ-50ꉍꅞ 25 23 Ꙩ볆ꅝ51ꉍ-95ꉍꅞ 53 50 냑ꅂꙘ룪ꗸ띾꒧앶엜냊꓀꩒ ꙢꙘ룪ꗸ띾앶엜냊놡ꓨ궱ꅁꗑꫭ5-4ꕩꪾꅁꑪꙨ볆Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ앶떲멣ꣃꖼꚳ륌엜ꅁ뻣엩ꓱ꣒곹73ꉍꅃ앶떲멣ꚳ륌엜꒧Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꅁꕈ엜냊륌ꑀꚸ꒧깡볆돌Ꙩꅁꕴꕾꚳ4깡뱴냓꒧Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾앶떲멣엜냊3ꚸꕈꑗꅃ ꫭ5-4 ꚳ껄볋ꖻꙘ룪ꗸ띾앶엜냊ꚸ볆꓀끴ꫭ 돦ꛬꅇ깡볆 맯ꕾ룪냪 ꑪ뎰 ꓩꖻ 과냪 볚걷 ꩆ ꣤ꕌ Ꙙ군 ꛊ꓀ꓱ 엜냊ꚸ볆 ꅝ%ꅞ 0 26 18 18 6 5 5 78 73 1 6 5 2 1 0 0 14 13 2 2 2 3 0 0 2 9 8 3ꚸꕈꑗ 3 1 0 0 1 0 5 4 Ꙙ군 37 26 23 7 6 7 106 100 83
닄ꑇ론 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅂꖫ돵냊멁꧊Ꙙ룪셚껄꓀꩒ 돼ꅂꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊꓀꩒ ꑀꅂ룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ ꗑꫭ5-5ꕩꪾꅁꙢ덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧ꓨ궱ꅁꕸ왗ꗀ꒽ꕱ뫞뉺뭻결ꦼꚹ뚡귻ꑵ셠ꑈ볆ꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅆꙢ곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚ꓨ궱ꅁꦼꚹ뚡곣땯ꑈ귻볆ꗘꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅆꙢꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚ꓨ궱ꅁꦼꚹ뚡ꛦ빐뙏ꗎꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅃ ꫭ5-5 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ꓀꩒ꫭ 뚵ꗘ ꖭꞡ볆 볐럇깴 뇆ꙗ 덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧 룪늣ꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪ 3 귻ꑵ셠ꑈ볆ꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪ 1 빐냢썂ꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪ 2 곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚 곣땯뙏ꗎꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪ 1 곣땯ꑈ귻볆ꗘꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪ 2 ꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚 ꛦ빐뙏ꗎꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪ 1 ꛦ빐ꑈ귻볆ꗘꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪ 2 ꑇꅂ랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ ꅝꑀꅞꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧 ꗑꫭ5-6ꕩꪾꅁꕸ왗ꗀ꒽ꕱ뫞뉺뭻결ꅁꦼꚹꙢ닕슴ꓥ꓆뙽꧱땻ꯗꅂꑵꝀ궫꧳ꗰ뚢ꪺ멁ꯗ궫뗸껑궱땻ꟇꝀꩫꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅃꙢꖭꞡ귻ꑵ꙾쓖ꅂ궫뗸녍깡띎ꢣ궫뗸많뚤뫫꾫ꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗ룻꒣ꧺ엣ꅃ 84
ꫭ5-6 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧꓀꩒ꫭ 뚵ꗘ ꖭꞡ볆 볐럇깴 뇆ꙗ Ꙣꑗꕱ뭐귻ꑵ꒧뚡뚥꿅왛꧀ꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪ 6 Ꙣ궫뗸껑궱땻ꟇꝀꩫꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪ 3 Ꙣꖭꞡ귻ꑵ꙾쓖ꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪ 12 Ꙣ궫뗸녍깡띎ꢣꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪ 11 Ꙣ궫뗸많뚤뫫꾫ꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪ 10 Ꙣ귻ꑵꖭꞡ뇐ꓴ럇ꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪ 9 ꙢꑵꝀ궫꧳ꗰ뚢멁ꯗꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪ 2 Ꙣ닕슴ꓥ꓆ꪺ뙽꧱땻ꯗꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪ 1 귻ꑵꙢꭩ꧳궱맯걄뻔멁ꯗꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪ 7 Ꙣꭟ쁉뫫꾫ꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪ 4 Ꙣ궫뗸돐띳뫫꾫ꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪ 5 Ꙣ녪뷕ꕈꑵꝀ셚껄결볺뷠뻚ꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪ 3 .2 0 8 ꅝꑇꅞ냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧 ꗑꫭ5-7ꕩꪾꅁꕸ왗ꗀ꒽ꕱ뫞뉺뭻결ꅁꦼꚹ껼ꕾ샧ꚬꓱ꣒ꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅁ꣤ꚸ걏녱껼ꕾ겡냊냪깡볆ꗘ껼ꕾꑬ꒽ꕱ볆ꗘꅃ ꫭ5-7 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧꓀꩒ꫭ 뚵ꗘ ꖭꞡ볆 볐럇깴 뇆ꙗ 껼ꕾ샧ꚬꓱ꣒ꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪ 1 껼ꕾꑬ꒽ꕱ볆ꗘꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪ 3 녱껼ꕾ겡냊냪깡볆ꗘꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪ 2 ꅝꑔꅞ룪랽몯덺ꯗ ꗑꫭ5-8ꕩꪾꅁꕸ왗ꗀ꒽ꕱ뫞뉺뭻결ꙢꙘꝀ륌땻꒤ꅁ싹ꓨ믝굮녠녠랾덱ꣳ뷕ꅁꣃꕂ끔꺧ꗦ걹걏싹Ꙗꪺꕈꕩꕈꧺ뵔ꪺ랾덱ꣃ낵룪랽ꪺꗦ뒫ꅃ싹ꓨꙢꗦ뒫룪랽륌땻꒤ꣃ꒣믝굮ꯜꙨꪺꑈꑏꅂ싹ꓨꪺ랾덱룪랽ꗦ뒫룻꒣닅Ꙙ껉껄ꅁꛓꕂ싹ꓨ꒣믝굮ꯜꪺ껉뚡낵랾덱ꣳ뷕ꅃ 85
ꫭ5-8 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡룪랽몯덺ꯗ꓀꩒ꫭ 뚵ꗘ ꖭꞡ볆 볐럇깴 뇆ꙗ 싹ꓨ녠녠뒣꣑룪랽곛꒬ꗦ뒫 4 싹ꓨ믝굮녠녠랾덱ꣳ뷕 1 싹ꓨ믝굮ꯜꪺ껉뚡낵랾덱ꣳ뷕 9 싹ꓨꙢꗦ뒫룪랽륌땻꒤믝굮ꯜꙨꪺꑈꑏ 11 싹ꓨ덎ꗦ걹걏싹Ꙗꪺ 7 싹ꓨ끔꺧ꗦ걹걏싹Ꙗꪺ 2 ꕵ굮걏맯꧳맯ꓨꚳ산ꝕꪺ룪랽ꅁ둎ꑀꥷ뒣꣑떹맯ꓨ 6 싹ꓨꚳꕒ꓀ꪺ랾덱룪랽ꗦ뒫 5 싹ꓨꕩꕈꧺ뵔ꪺ랾덱ꣃ낵룪랽ꪺꗦ뒫 3 싹ꓨꪺ랾덱룪랽ꗦ뒫녠녠닅Ꙙ껉껄 10 룪랽ꗦ뒫ꪺ꒺깥꒣ꕵ껚뻚ꗽꭥ꧒ꥷ굱ꪺꙘ곹ꅁ뙗ꕘ 8 Ꙙ곹ꕈꕾꪺ룪랽ꚳ껉ꑝ라뒣꣑ ꑔꅂ떦늤궫굮꧊ ꗑꫭ5-9ꕩꪾꅁꕸ왗ꗀ꒽ꕱ뫞뉺맯꧳Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾떦늤궫굮꧊뭻ꪾꟇ 결ꅁꅵ곝ꙮꙡꕄ냪ꖫ돵볧ꑏꅶꅂꅵ꿠냷둸뒤ꖫ돵땯깩쇍뛕ꅶꅵꕩꕈ꓀뒲돦ꑀꙡꕄ냪ꗍ늣ꪺ궷쁉ꅶꅃ ꫭ5-9 ꕸ왗ꗀ꒽ꕱ맯냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾떦늤궫굮꧊뭻ꪾ꓀꩒ꫭ 뚵ꗘ ꖭꞡ볆 볐럇깴 뇆ꙗ 꿠냷둸뒤ꖫ돵땯깩ꪺ쇍뛕 2 곝ꙮꙡꕄ냪ꖫ돵ꪺ볧ꑏ 1 ꕩꕈ뉯꣮쑶ꪧꪺꛦ냊 4 ꕩꕈ뫊놱럭ꙡ덎땯깩놡 5 ꕩꕈ꓀뒲돦ꑀꙡꕄ냪ꗍ늣ꪺ궷쁉 3 뙌ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꓀꩒ ꑀꅂ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦 ꗑꫭ5-10ꕩꪾꅁꕸ왗ꗀ꒽ꕱ뫞뉺뭻결ꙢꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦ꪺ륌땻꒤ꅁꚳ쏶깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꓨ궱ꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡맯꧳ꅵꕈꩁ냈돐덹압ꯈ맯늣ꭾꪺ믹귈ꅶ 86
뭻Ꙑ땻ꯗ돌낪ꅁ꣤ꚸꟇ결ꅵ뒣꣑뙗귈ꪺ늣ꭾꯘꗟꭾ땐뙈ꅶꅂꅵ늣ꭾꕈ룻낪ꪺ믹껦Ꙣꖫ돵빐냢ꅶꅵ뇄꣺뱳ꝩꡍ떦ꅶꅃ ꫭ5-10 깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꓀꩒ꫭ 뚵ꗘ ꖭꞡ볆 볐럇깴 뇆ꙗ ꕈꩁ냈돐덹압ꯈ맯늣ꭾꪺ믹귈 1 뒣꣑뙗귈ꪺ늣ꭾꯘꗟꭾ땐뙈ꅃ 2 늣ꭾꕈ룻낪ꪺ믹껦Ꙣꖫ돵빐냢ꅃ 3 뇄꣺뱳ꝩꡍ떦ꅃ 4 ꑇꅂꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦 ꗑꫭ5-11ꕩꪾꅁꕸ왗ꗀ꒽ꕱ뫞뉺뭻결ꙢꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦ꪺ륌땻꒤ꅁꚳ쏶ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꓨ궱ꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡맯꧳ꅵ끬ꡄ롧샧껄뉶ꅶꪺ뭻Ꙑ땻ꯗ돌낪ꅁ꣤ꚸꟇ결ꅵ끬ꡄ귬껆뇄쇊ꪺꚨꖻ쁵뛕ꅶꅵ끬ꡄ덗볒롧샙ꅶꅃ ꫭ5-11 ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꓀꩒ꫭ 뚵ꗘ ꖭꞡ볆 볐럇깴 뇆ꙗ 끬ꡄ롧샧껄뉶 1 끬ꡄ귬껆뇄쇊ꪺꚨꖻ쁵뛕 2 끬ꡄ덗볒롧샙 3 냑ꅂꖫ돵냊멁꧊꓀꩒ ꗑꫭ5-12ꕩꪾꅁꕸ왗ꗀ꒽ꕱ뫞뉺뭻결ꅁꙘ룪ꗸ띾꧒궱셻ꪺꕾꙢꖫ돵샴맒엜냊ꅁꕄ굮Ꙣ꧳ꅵꙐ띾롧녠엜ꥷ믹ꛦ결ꅶꅁ꣤ꚸ걏ꅵ압ꯈ맯꧳늣ꭾꪺ믹껦뇓띐ꯗ롧녠엜ꅶꅵꙐ띾롧녠엜빐냢떦늤ꅶꅃ 87
ꫭ5-12 ꖫ돵냊멁꧊꓀꩒ꫭ 뚵ꗘ ꖭꞡ볆 볐럇깴 뇆ꙗ Ꙑ띾롧녠엜빐냢떦늤 3 Ꙑ띾롧녠엜ꥷ믹ꛦ결ꅝ꙰뇄꣺믹껦뻔ꅞ 1 Ꙑ띾롧녠엜ꭐ빐뭐뱳ꝩ떦늤 4 압ꯈ맯꧳늣ꭾ꽓ꛢꑗꪺ낾ꙮ롧녠엜 5 압ꯈ맯꧳늣ꭾꪺ믹껦뇓띐ꯗ롧녠엜 2 롶ꅂꙘ룪셚껄꓀꩒ ꗑꫭ5-13ꕩꪾꅁꙢꙘ룪셚껄ꪺꫭ뉻ꑗꅁꕸ왗ꗀ꒽ꕱ뫞뉺맯꧳ꅵ꧒뒣꣑ꪺ늣ꭾ꿠ꢳ덴ꙝ삳압ꯈ믝ꡄꪺ엜ꅶ뚵ꗘꑗꪺ몡띎ꯗ돌낪ꅁ꣤ꚸ걏ꅵ맯꧳띳ꪺꖫ돵ꯂ꿙꿠ꢳ덴삳ꅶꅵ륆ꚨ압ꯈ몡띎ꯗꅶꅃꙢꅵ늣ꭾꪺꖫ돵ꚳ뉶낪ꅶꅵꝑ볭꣎ꅶ떥뚵ꗘꑗꪺ몡띎ꯗ룻ꝃꅃ ꫭ5-13 Ꙙ룪셚껄꓀꩒ꫭ 뚵ꗘ ꖭꞡ볆 볐럇깴 뇆ꙗ 꿠ꢳ덴쁈쑶ꪧꪺꛦ빐떦늤뷕뻣 4 ꧒뒣꣑ꪺ늣ꭾ꿠ꢳ덴ꙝ삳압ꯈ믝ꡄꪺ엜 1 맯꧳띳ꪺꖫ돵ꯂ꿙ꅝ꙰띳ꪺ쑶ꪧꕛꑊꅞ 2 꿠ꢳ덴삳 늣ꭾꪺꖫ돵ꚳ뉶낪 6 ꝑ볭꣎ 7 륆ꚨ압ꯈ몡띎ꯗ 3 Ꝭꓞ띳ꪺ압ꯈ 5 88
닄ꑔ론 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧쏶ꭙ 돼ꅂ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꓨ궱 ꫭ5-14걏Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊맯깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뱶암꒧맪쏒떲ꩇꅃꙢ볒ꚡꑀ꒤ꅁ놱꣮앶ꓱ꣒ꅂ늣띾ꝏ냪깡ꝏꯡꅁ맯깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꣃꖼꚳ엣뗛뱶암ꅃ볒ꚡꑀꪺF귈결ꣃꖼ륆엣뗛ꓴ럇ꅁ엣ꗜ볒ꚡ꒤ꪺ룑쓀엜볆맯깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ뱶암땻ꯗꣃ꒣ꧺ엣ꅃ Ꙣ볒ꚡꑇꅁ룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ멣궱ꑔ귓ꡍꥷꙝ꿀꒤ꅁ덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚뭐깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ굴Ꙗ쏶ꭙꅁꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚뭐깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥꖿꙖ쏶ꭙꅁ곒ꖼ륆엣뗛ꓴ럇ꅃ볒ꚡꑇꪺF귈결ꖼ륆엣뗛ꓴ럇ꅁ엣ꗜ볒ꚡ꒤ꪺ룑쓀엜볆맯깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ뱶암땻ꯗꣃ꒣ꧺ엣ꅃ Ꙣ볒ꚡꑔ꒤ꅁꛒ뱻ꑆ랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ멣궱ꑔ귓ꡍꥷꙝ꿀ꯡꅁ땯뉻ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧뭐깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ굴Ꙗ쏶ꭙꅁꣃꕂ륆엣뗛ꓴ럇ꅁꫭꗜꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧띕ꑰꅁ띕깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅆ냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧뭐깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ굴Ꙗ쏶ꭙꅁꙢ엣뗛쏤뵴ꣃꖼ륆엣뗛꧊ꅆ룪랽몯덺ꯗ뭐깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥꖿꙖ쏶ꭙꅁꣃꕂ륆엣뗛ꓴ럇ꅁꫭꗜꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡룪랽몯덺ꯗ띕낪ꅁ띕깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ귈녯ꩠ띎ꪺ걏ꅁꛒ뱻ꑆ랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ멣궱ꯡꅁ덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧뭐깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ굴Ꙗ쏶ꭙꅁꖼ륆엣뗛꧊ꅆ곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚뭐깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥꖿꙖ쏶ꭙꅁꖼ륆엣뗛꧊ꅆꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚뭐깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥꖿꙖ쏶ꭙꅁꣃꕂ륆엣뗛ꓴ럇ꅁꫭꗜꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚띕ꑪꅁ띕깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃꙢ놱꣮엜볆ꓨ궱ꅁ늣띾ꝏ맯깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꚳ엣뗛뱶암ꅁꫭꗜ늣띾꒣Ꙑꅁ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ륆ꚨꯗꗧ꒣Ꙑꅃ볒ꚡꑔꪺF귈결ꣃꕂ륆엣뗛ꓴ럇ꅁꕂ륷듺꿠ꑏ뱗ꕛꅝꆵR2=ꅞꅁ엣ꗜ볒ꚡ꒤ꪺ룑쓀엜볆맯깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뵔맪ꚳ꧒뱶암ꅃ Ꙣ볒ꚡꕼ꒤ꅁꛒ뱻ꑆ떦늤궫굮꧊멣궱ꯡꅁ땯뉻떦늤궫굮꧊뭐깴늧꓆ꡍ 89
떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥꖿꙖ쏶ꭙꅁꣃꕂ륆엣뗛ꓴ럇ꅁꫭꗜꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ맯꧳냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ떦늤궫굮꧊뭻ꪾ띕낪ꅁ띕깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ귈녯ꩠ띎ꪺ걏ꅁꙢꛒ뱻ꑆ떦늤궫굮꧊멣궱ꯡꅁꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧뭐깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ엣뗛굴곛쏶ꅆ냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧뭐깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ굴Ꙗ쏶ꭙꅁ엣뗛꧊Ꙣ엣뗛쏤뵴ꅆ룪랽몯덺ꯗ뭐깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꅆꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚뭐깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꅃꙢ놱꣮엜볆ꓨ궱ꅁ늣띾ꝏ맯깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꚳ엣뗛뱶암ꅁꫭꗜ늣띾꒣Ꙑꅁ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ륆ꚨꯗꗧ꒣Ꙑꅃ볒ꚡꕼꪺF귈결륆엣뗛ꓴ럇ꅁꛓꕂ륷듺꿠ꑏ뱗ꕛꅝꆵR2=ꅞꅁ엣ꗜ볒ꚡ꒤ꪺ룑쓀엜볆맯깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뵔맪ꚳ꧒뱶암ꅃ 뙌ꅂꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꓨ궱 ꫭ5-15걏Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊맯ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뱶암꒧맪쏒떲ꩇꅃꙢ볒ꚡꑀ꒤ꅁ놱꣮앶ꓱ꣒ꅂ늣띾ꝏ냪깡ꝏꯡꅁ땯뉻앶ꓱ꣒맯ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꚳ엣뗛뱶암ꅁꫭꗜꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ앶ꓱ꣒꓀끴ꅁ녎뱶암ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ륆ꚨꅁꣃꕂ볒ꚡꑀꪺF귈결륆엣뗛ꓴ럇ꅁ엣ꗜ볒ꚡ꒤ꪺ룑쓀엜볆맯ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뵔맪ꚳ꧒뱶암ꅃ Ꙣ볒ꚡꑇ꒤ꅁ룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ멣궱ꑔ귓ꡍꥷꙝ꿀꒤ꅁ덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧ꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚뭐ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ굴Ꙗ쏶ꭙꅁ곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚뭐깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥꖿꙖ쏶ꭙꅁꑔ귓ꡍꥷꙝ꿀곒ꖼ륆엣뗛ꓴ럇ꅃ볒ꚡꑇꪺF귈결ꖼ륆엣뗛ꓴ럇ꅁ엣ꗜ볒ꚡ꒤ꪺ룑쓀엜볆맯ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ뱶암땻ꯗꣃ꒣ꧺ엣ꅃ Ꙣ볒ꚡꑔ꒤ꅁꛒ뱻ꑆ랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ멣궱ꑔ귓ꡍꥷꙝ꿀ꯡꅁꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧뭐ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ굴Ꙗ쏶ꭙꅁꖼ륆엣뗛꧊ꅆ냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧뭐ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥꖿꙖ쏶ꭙꅁꗧꖼ륆엣뗛ꓴ럇ꅆ룪랽몯덺ꯗ뭐ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥꖿꙖ쏶ꭙꅁꣃꕂ륆엣뗛ꓴ럇ꅁꫭꗜꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡룪랽몯덺ꯗ띕낪ꅁ띕깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ귈녯ꩠ띎ꪺ걏ꅁꛒ뱻ꑆ랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ멣궱ꯡꅁ 90
덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧ꥍꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚뭐ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ굴Ꙗ쏶ꭙꅁꖼ륆엣뗛ꓴ럇ꅆ곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚뭐ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥꖿꙖ쏶ꭙꅁꗧꖼ륆엣뗛ꓴ럇ꅃ볒ꚡꑔꪺF귈결륆엣뗛ꓴ럇ꅁꛓꕂ륷듺꿠ꑏ뱗ꕛꅝꆵR2=ꅞꅁ엣ꗜ볒ꚡ꒤ꪺ룑쓀엜볆맯ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뵔맪ꚳ꧒뱶암ꅃ Ꙣ볒ꚡꕼ꒤ꅁꛒ뱻ꑆ떦늤궫굮꧊멣궱ꯡꅁ땯뉻떦늤궫굮꧊뭐ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥꖿꙖ쏶ꭙꅁꣃꕂ륆엣뗛ꓴ럇ꅁꫭꗜꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ맯꧳냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ떦늤궫굮꧊뭻ꪾ띕낪ꅁ띕깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ귈녯ꩠ띎ꪺ걏ꅁꙢꛒ뱻ꑆ떦늤궫굮꧊멣궱ꯡꅁꗸ띾ꓥ꓆ꅂ냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧뭐ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥꖿꙖ쏶ꭙꅁꖼ륆엣뗛ꓴ럇ꅆ룪랽몯덺ꯗ뭐ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꅆ덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧ꅂꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚뭐ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ굴Ꙗ쏶ꭙꅁꖼ륆엣뗛ꓴ럇ꅆ곣땯꿠ꑏ뭐ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥꖿꙖ쏶ꭙꅁꗧꖼ륆엣뗛ꓴ럇ꅃ볒ꚡꕼꪺF귈결륆엣뗛ꓴ럇ꅁꛓꕂ륷듺꿠ꑏ뱗ꕛꅝꆵR2=ꅞꅁ엣ꗜ볒ꚡ꒤ꪺ룑쓀엜볆맯ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뵔맪ꚳ꧒뱶암ꅃ 냑ꅂꑰ떲 ꑀꅂ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꓨ궱 맪쏒떲ꩇ엣ꗜꅁꙢ랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ멣궱ꑗꅁꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ엣뗛굴곛쏶ꕂ뭐륷듁ꓨꙖꑀ교ꅁꓤ꯹낲뮡1-4ꅆ룪랽몯덺ꯗ뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꕂ뭐륷듁ꓨꙖꑀ교ꅁꓤ꯹낲뮡1-6ꅆ떦늤궫굮꧊뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꕂ뭐륷듁ꓨꙖꑀ교ꅁꓤ꯹낲뮡1-7ꅁ냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧ꣃꖼꝥ뉻륷듁꒧엣뗛꧊ꅁ낲뮡1-5ꖼ샲ꓤ꯹ꅃꙢ룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ멣궱ꑗꅁꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꕂ뭐륷듁ꓨꙖꑀ교ꅁꓤ꯹낲뮡1-3ꅆ덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧ꅂ곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚ꣃꖼꝥ뉻륷듁꒧엣뗛꧊ꅁ낲뮡1-1ꥍ낲뮡1-2ꖼ샲ꓤ꯹ꅃ ꑇꅂꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꓨ궱 맪쏒떲ꩇ엣ꗜꅁꙢ랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ멣궱ꑗꅁ룪랽몯덺ꯗ뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ 91
엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꕂ뭐륷듁ꓨꙖꑀ교ꅁꓤ꯹낲뮡1-6ꅆ떦늤궫굮꧊뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꕂ뭐륷듁ꓨꙖꑀ교ꅁꓤ꯹낲뮡1-7ꅁ냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧뭐ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧ꣃꖼꝥ뉻륷듁꒧엣뗛꧊ꅃꙢ룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ멣궱ꑗꅁ덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧ꅂ곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚ꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚곒ꖼꝥ뉻륷듁꒧엣뗛꧊ꅃ ꫭ5-14 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊뭐깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧쏶ꭙꪺ맪쏒떲ꩇ N=106 엜볆 볐럇꓆끪쉫ꭙ볆 깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ 볒ꚡꑀ 볒ꚡꑇ 볒ꚡꑔ 볒ꚡꕼ 룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ 덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧 ꇐ.151 ꇐ.095 ꇐ.071 ꅝ.120ꅞ ꅝ.115ꅞ ꅝ.114ꅞ 곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚 ꇐ.079 .058 .041 ꅝ.087ꅞ ꅝ.084ꅞ ꅝ.082ꅞ ꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚 .150 .224ꆯꆯ .201ꆯ ꅝ.104ꅞ ꅝ.090ꅞ ꅝ.089ꅞ 랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧 ꇐ.151ꆯ ꇐ.139ꆯ ꅝ.076ꅞ ꅝ.075ꅞ 냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧 ꇐ.182 ꇐ.181 ꅝ.099ꅞ ꅝ.098ꅞ 룪랽몯덺ꯗ .481ꆯꆯꆯ .420ꆯꆯꆯ ꅝ.086ꅞ ꅝ.090ꅞ 떦늤궫굮꧊ .180ꆯꆯ ꅝ.088ꅞ 놱꣮엜볆 앶 .070 .085 .107 .110 ꅝ.246ꅞ ꅝ.249ꅞ ꅝ.215ꅞ ꅝ.212ꅞ 늣띾ꝏ1 .159 .147 .185ꆯꆯ.172ꆯꆯꅝ.099ꅞ ꅝ.100ꅞ ꅝ.087ꅞ ꅝ.086ꅞ 냪깡ꝏ2 .117 .128 .093 .101 ꅝ.100ꅞ ꅝ.101ꅞ ꅝ.088ꅞ ꅝ.086ꅞ 녠볆뚵 F귈 ꆯꆯꆯ ꆯꆯꆯ R2 .046 .065 .338 .366 뷕뻣ꯡR2 .018 .008 .275 .299 ꆵR2 .019 .273 .028 ꆯP<ꅆꆯꆯP<ꅆꆯꆯꆯP<ꅂꅝꅞ볐럇뭾ꅝstandard errorsꅞ 1.늣띾ꝏꅝ뛇닎뭳덹띾=1,낪곬뭳덹띾=0ꅞꅂ 2.냪깡ꝏꅝꑷ뙽땯냪깡=1,뙽땯꒤냪깡=0ꅞ 92
ꫭ5-15 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊뭐ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧쏶ꭙꪺ맪쏒떲ꩇ N=106 엜볆 볐럇꓆끪쉫ꭙ볆 ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ 볒ꚡꑀ 볒ꚡꑇ 볒ꚡꑔ 볒ꚡꕼ 룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ 덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧 ꇐ.030 ꇐ.131 ꇐ.102 ꅝ.113ꅞ ꅝ.145ꅞ ꅝ.142ꅞ 곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚 .083 .055 .035 ꅝ.097ꅞ ꅝ.105ꅞ ꅝ.103ꅞ ꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚 ꇐ.059 ꇐ.049 ꇐ.077 ꅝ.115ꅞ ꅝ.113ꅞ ꅝ.111ꅞ 랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧 ꇐ.008 .007 ꅝ.096ꅞ ꅝ.094ꅞ 냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧 .148 .150 ꅝ.125ꅞ ꅝ.122ꅞ 룪랽몯덺ꯗ .297ꆯꆯꆯ ꆯꆯ .222ꅝ.108ꅞ ꅝ.112ꅞ 떦늤궫굮꧊ .220ꆯꆯ ꅝ.109ꅞ 놱꣮엜볆 앶 .237ꆯꆯ .263ꆯꆯ .255ꆯꆯꆯ ꆯ .259ꆯꆯꅝ.271ꅞ ꅝ.277ꅞ ꅝ.270ꅞ ꅝ.265ꅞ 늣띾ꝏ1 ꇐ.065 ꇐ.063 ꇐ.057 ꇐ.073 ꅝ.109ꅞ ꅝ.111ꅞ ꅝ.109ꅞ ꅝ.107ꅞ 냪깡ꝏ2 .086 .082 .087 .097 ꅝ.110ꅞ ꅝ.112ꅞ ꅝ.110ꅞ ꅝ.108ꅞ 녠볆뚵 F귈 ꆯ ꆯꆯ ꆯꆯ R2 .066 .069 .162 .203 뷕뻣ꯡR2 .038 .013 .083 .120 ꆵR2 .004 .092 .042 ꆯP<ꅆꆯꆯP<ꅆꆯꆯꆯP< ꅝꅞ볐럇뭾ꅝstandard errorsꅞ 1.늣띾ꝏꅝ뛇닎뭳덹띾=1,낪곬뭳덹띾=0ꅞ 2. 냪깡ꝏꅝꑷ뙽땯냪깡=1,뙽땯꒤냪깡=0ꅞ 뫮Ꙙꕈꑗ꒧뷗굺ꅁꅵ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꅶ뭐ꅵꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꅶ곒쓝꧳뱶암냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾궫ꑪ샧륂ꓨ끷꒧ꡍ떦뚵ꗘꅁ꧒ꕈꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊ꕵ굮맯ꅵ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅶꅵꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅶꚳ엣뗛뱶암ꅁꭨ낲뮡ꝙ샲ꓤ꯹ꅃꙝ 93
ꚹ돌ꯡꪺ맪쏒떲ꩇ엣ꗜꅁꙢ랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ멣궱ꅁꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ엣뗛굴곛쏶ꕂ뭐륷듁ꓨꙖꑀ교ꅁꓤ꯹낲뮡1-4ꅆ룪랽몯덺ꯗ뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꕂ뭐륷듁ꓨꙖꑀ교ꅁꓤ꯹낲뮡1-6ꅃꙢ룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ멣궱ꅁꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꕂ뭐륷듁ꓨꙖꑀ교ꅁꓤ꯹낲뮡1-3ꅃ떦늤궫굮꧊뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꕂ뭐륷듁ꓨꙖꑀ교ꅁꓤ꯹낲뮡1-7ꅃ 94
닄ꕼ론 ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ 돼ꅂ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꓨ궱 ꫭ5-16걏ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄ꑔ뚡쏶셰꧊ꪺ맪쏒떲ꩇꅁ볒ꚡꑀ꒧ꕄ굮껄ꩇꝙ엣ꗜ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙꅃꗑ볒ꚡꑀꕩꪾꅁ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄ꑔ멣궱곒ꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꕂ뭐륷듁ꓨꙖꑀ교ꅁꫭꗜ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊띕낪ꅁꙘ룪셚껄띕꣎ꅁꓤ꯹낲 뮡2-1ꅃꙢ놱꣮엜볆ꓨ궱ꅁ앶ꓱ꣒ꅂ늣띾ꝏ냪깡ꝏ맯Ꙙ룪셚껄ꣃꖼꚳ엣뗛뱶암ꅃ ꫭ5-16 깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙꪺ맪쏒떲ꩇ N=106 볐럇꓆끪쉫ꭙ볆 뽗ꗟ엜볆 볒ꚡꑀ 볒ꚡꑇ 껄뉶셚껄 껄ꩇ셚껄 빁삳꧊ 껄뉶셚껄 껄ꩇ셚껄 빁삳꧊ 셚껄 셚껄 ꕄ굮껄ꩇ 깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ ꆯ .258ꆯꆯꆯ.503ꆯꆯꆯ.476ꆯꆯ.252ꆯꆯ ꆯ .412ꆯꆯ.259ꆯꆯ 교꧊ ꅝ.165ꅞ ꅝ.098ꅞ ꅝ.113ꅞ ꅝ.230ꅞ ꅝ.137ꅞ ꅝ.152ꅞ ꗦ꒬껄ꩇ 깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교 ꧊ꇑꖫ돵냊멁꧊ .009 .133 .316ꆯꆯ ꅝ.041ꅞ ꅝ.024ꅞ ꅝ.027ꅞ 놱꣮엜볆 앶 ꇐ.035 .063 .016 ꇐ.035 .050 ꇐ.015 ꅝ.410ꅞ ꅝ.245ꅞ ꅝ.280ꅞ ꅝ.416ꅞ ꅝ.247ꅞ ꅝ.275ꅞ 늣띾ꝏ1 .057 .080 .055 .057 .078 .050 ꅝ.167ꅞ ꅝ.100ꅞ ꅝ.114ꅞ ꅝ.168ꅞ ꅝ.100ꅞ ꅝ.111ꅞ 냪깡ꝏ2 .120 ꇐ.037 ꇐ.105 .119 ꇐ.049 ꇐ.135 ꅝ.167ꅞ ꅝ.100ꅞ ꅝ.114ꅞ ꅝ.169ꅞ ꅝ.101ꅞ ꅝ.112ꅞ 녠볆뚵 ꆯꆯ ꆯꆯꆯF귈 ꆯꆯꆯ ꆯ ꆯꆯꆯ ꆯꆯꆯ R2 .097 .279 .238 .097 .287 .286 뷕뻣ꯡR2 .061 .250 .208 .051 .252 .250 ꆯP<ꅆꆯꆯP<ꅆꆯꆯꆯP<ꅂꅝꅞ볐럇뭾ꅝstandard errorsꅞ 1.늣띾ꝏꅝ낪곬뭳덹띾=0,뛇닎뭳덹띾=1ꅞꅂ2.냪깡ꝏꅝ뙽땯꒤냪깡=0,ꑷ뙽땯냪깡=1ꅞ 95
뙌ꅂꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦 ꫭ5-17걏ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄ꑔ뚡쏶셰꧊ꪺ 맪쏒떲ꩇꅃꗑ볒ꚡꑀꕩꪾꅁꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐껄ꩇ셚껄ꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꅁꫭꗜꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊띕낪ꅁ껄ꩇ셚껄띕꣎ꅁ맪쏒떲ꩇ뭐ꖻ곣ꡳ뭻결ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄ꣃ꒣꣣곛쏶꧊꒧륷듁떲ꩇ꒣ꑀ교ꅁꙝꚹ낲뮡2-2ꖼ샲ꓤ꯹ꅃꙢ놱꣮엜볆ꓨ궱ꅁ늣띾ꝏꪺ깴늧맯꧳껄ꩇ셚껄ꚳ엣뗛뱶암ꅁꫭꗜ늣띾ꪺ꒣ꙐꅁꙢ껄ꩇ셚껄ꑗꪺꫭ뉻ꗧ꒣Ꙑꅁ앶ꓱ꣒ꥍ냪깡ꝏ맯Ꙙ룪셚껄ꣃꖼꚳ엣뗛뱶암ꅃ ꫭ5-17 ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙꪺ맪쏒떲ꩇ N=106 볐럇꓆끪쉫ꭙ볆 뽗ꗟ엜볆 볒ꚡꑀ 볒ꚡꑇ 껄뉶셚껄 껄ꩇ셚껄 빁삳꧊ 껄뉶셚껄 껄ꩇ셚껄 빁삳꧊ 셚껄 셚껄 ꕄ굮껄ꩇ ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ ꇐ.053 .176ꆯ.150 ꇐ.108 .034 ꇐ.125 교꧊ ꅝ.154ꅞ ꅝ.101ꅞ ꅝ.114ꅞ ꅝ.218ꅞ ꅝ.142ꅞ ꅝ.155ꅞ ꗦ꒬껄ꩇ ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교 ꧊ꇑꖫ돵냊멁꧊ .079 .203 .395ꆯꆯꆯ ꅝ.038ꅞ ꅝ.025ꅞ ꅝ.027ꅞ 놱꣮엜볆 앶 ꇐ.004 .057 .014 ꇐ.010 .041 ꇐ.016 ꅝ.435ꅞ ꅝ.286ꅞ ꅝ.323ꅞ ꅝ.439ꅞ ꅝ.286ꅞ ꅝ.313ꅞ 늣띾ꝏ1 .094ꆯ . .093 .169ꆯ .136 ꅝ.171ꅞ ꅝ.112ꅞ ꅝ.127ꅞ ꅝ.172ꅞ ꅝ.112ꅞ ꅝ.122ꅞ 냪깡ꝏ2 .155 .007 ꇐ.062 .148 ꇐ.009 ꇐ.093 ꅝ.172ꅞ ꅝ.113ꅞ ꅝ.128ꅞ ꅝ.174ꅞ ꅝ.113ꅞ ꅝ.124ꅞ 녠볆뚵 F귈 .933 .802 ꆯꆯ R2 .036 .066 .043 .039 .086 .116 뷕뻣ꯡR2 ꇐ.003 .029 .005 ꇐ.009 .040 .072 ꆯP<ꅆꆯꆯP<ꅆꆯꆯꆯP< ꅝꅞ볐럇뭾ꅝstandard errorsꅞ 1.늣띾ꝏꅝ낪곬뭳덹띾=0,뛇닎뭳덹띾=1ꅞ 2.냪깡ꝏꅝ뙽땯꒤냪깡=0,ꑷ뙽땯냪깡=1ꅞ 96
닄꒭론 ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ 돼ꅂ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꓨ궱 ꫭ5-18걏ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄ꑔ뚡쏶셰꧊ꪺ맪쏒떲ꩇꅁ볒ꚡꑇ꒧ꗦ꒬껄ꩇꝙ엣ꗜꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙꅃꖻ곣ꡳꛒ뱻ꑆ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꥍꖫ돵냊멁꧊꒧ꗦ꒬껄ꩇꅁꗑ볒ꚡꑇ꒧ꗦ꒬껄ꩇ땯뉻ꅁ뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄곒ꝥꖿꙖ쏶ꭙꅁꕵꚳ맯빁삳꧊셚껄륆엣뗛ꓴ럇ꅁꫭꗜꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꪺ쁗뉶ꅁ라ꕛ녪깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ땻ꯗ뭐빁삳꧊셚껄쏶ꭙꪺ녪ꯗꅁ맪쏒떲ꩇ뭐ꖻ곣ꡳ뭻결ꖫ돵냊멁꧊라듮깺ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄쏶ꭙ꒧륷듁떲ꩇ꒣ꑀ교ꅃ귈녯ꩠ띎ꪺ걏ꅁꙢꛒ뱻ꑆꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꚹ뷕론엜볆ꯡꅁꕄ굮껄ꩇ꒧깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊맯Ꙙ룪셚껄ꑔ멣궱ꪺ끪쉫ꭙ볆뙱귈곒ꝥꑕ궰놡ꩰꅃꙢ놱꣮엜볆ꓨ궱ꅁ앶ꓱ꣒ꅂ늣띾ꝏ냪깡ꝏ맯Ꙙ룪셚껄ꣃꖼꚳ엣뗛뱶암ꅃ 뙌ꅂꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꓨ궱 ꫭ5-19걏ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄ꑔ뚡쏶셰꧊ꪺ 맪쏒떲ꩇꅁꙢꛒ뱻ꑆꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꥍꖫ돵냊멁꧊꒧ꗦ꒬껄ꩇꯡꅁꗑ볒ꚡꑇ꒧ꗦ꒬껄ꩇ땯뉻ꅁ뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄곒ꝥꖿꙖ쏶ꭙꅁꕵꚳ맯빁삳꧊셚껄륆엣뗛ꓴ럇ꅁꫭꗜꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꪺ쁗뉶ꅁ라ꕛ녪ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ땻ꯗ뭐빁삳꧊셚껄쏶ꭙꪺ녪ꯗꅁ맪쏒떲ꩇ뭐ꖻ곣ꡳ뭻결ꖫ돵냊멁꧊라듮깺ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄쏶ꭙ꒧륷듁떲ꩇ꒣ꑀ교ꅃ귈녯ꩠ띎ꪺ걏ꅁꙢꛒ뱻ꑆꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꚹ뷕론엜볆ꯡꅁꕄ굮껄ꩇ꒧ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊맯Ꙙ룪셚껄ꑔ멣궱ꪺ끪쉫ꭙ볆뙱귈곒ꝥꑕ궰놡ꩰꅃꙢ놱꣮엜볆ꓨ궱ꅁ늣띾ꝏꪺ깴늧맯꧳껄ꩇ셚껄ꚳ엣뗛뱶암ꅁꫭꗜ늣띾ꪺ꒣ꙐꅁꙢ껄ꩇ셚껄ꑗꪺꫭ뉻ꗧ꒣Ꙑꅁ앶ꓱ꣒ꅂ냪깡ꝏ맯Ꙙ룪셚껄ꣃꖼꚳ엣뗛뱶암ꅃ 97
ꫭ5-18ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙꪺ맪쏒떲ꩇ N=106 볐럇꓆끪쉫ꭙ볆 뽗ꗟ엜볆 볒ꚡꑀ 볒ꚡꑇ 껄뉶셚껄 껄ꩇ셚껄 빁삳꧊ 껄뉶셚껄 껄ꩇ셚껄 빁삳꧊ 셚껄 셚껄 ꕄ굮껄ꩇ 깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ .258ꆯꆯꆯ ꆯ .503ꆯꆯ.476ꆯꆯꆯ .252ꆯꆯ .412ꆯꆯꆯ .259ꆯꆯ 교꧊ ꅝ.165ꅞ ꅝ.098ꅞ ꅝ.113ꅞ ꅝ.230ꅞ ꅝ.137ꅞ ꅝ.152ꅞ ꗦ꒬껄ꩇ 깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교 ꧊ꇑꖫ돵냊멁꧊ .009 .133 .316ꆯꆯ ꅝ.041ꅞ ꅝ.024ꅞ ꅝ.027ꅞ 놱꣮엜볆 앶 ꇐ.035 .063 .016 ꇐ.035 .050 ꇐ.015 ꅝ.410ꅞ ꅝ.245ꅞ ꅝ.280ꅞ ꅝ.416ꅞ ꅝ.247ꅞ ꅝ.275ꅞ 늣띾ꝏ1 .057 .080 .055 .057 .078 .050 ꅝ.167ꅞ ꅝ.100ꅞ ꅝ.114ꅞ ꅝ.168ꅞ ꅝ.100ꅞ ꅝ.111ꅞ 냪깡ꝏ2 .120 ꇐ.037 ꇐ.105 .119 ꇐ.049 ꇐ.135 ꅝ.167ꅞ ꅝ.100ꅞ ꅝ.114ꅞ ꅝ.169ꅞ ꅝ.101ꅞ ꅝ.112ꅞ 녠볆뚵 ꆯꆯꆯ ꆯ ꆯꆯꆯ ꆯꆯꆯF귈 ꆯꆯ ꆯꆯꆯ R2 .097 .279 .238 .097 .287 .286 뷕뻣ꯡR2 .061 .250 .208 .051 .252 .250 ꆯP<ꅆꆯꆯP<ꅆꆯꆯꆯP< ꅝꅞ볐럇뭾ꅝstandard errorsꅞ 1.늣띾ꝏꅝ낪곬뭳덹띾=0,뛇닎뭳덹띾=1ꅞ 2.냪깡ꝏꅝ뙽땯꒤냪깡=0,ꑷ뙽땯냪깡=1ꅞ 98
ꫭ5-19ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙꪺ맪쏒떲ꩇ N=106 볐럇꓆끪쉫ꭙ볆 뽗ꗟ엜볆 볒ꚡꑀ 볒ꚡꑇ 껄뉶셚껄 껄ꩇ셚껄 빁삳꧊ 껄뉶셚껄 껄ꩇ셚껄 빁삳꧊ 셚껄 셚껄 ꕄ굮껄ꩇ ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ ꇐ.053 .176ꆯ .150 ꇐ.108 .034 ꇐ.125 교꧊ ꅝ.154ꅞ ꅝ.101ꅞ ꅝ.114ꅞ ꅝ.218ꅞ ꅝ.142ꅞ ꅝ.155ꅞ ꗦ꒬껄ꩇ ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교 ꧊ꇑꖫ돵냊멁꧊ ꆯ .079 .203 .395ꆯꆯꅝ.038ꅞ ꅝ.025ꅞ ꅝ.027ꅞ 놱꣮엜볆 앶 ꇐ.004 .057 .014 ꇐ.010 .041 ꇐ.016 ꅝ.435ꅞ ꅝ.286ꅞ ꅝ.323ꅞ ꅝ.439ꅞ ꅝ.286ꅞ ꅝ.313ꅞ 늣띾ꝏ1 .094 .171ꆯ .140 .093 .169ꆯ.136 ꅝ.171ꅞ ꅝ.112ꅞ ꅝ.127ꅞ ꅝ.172ꅞ ꅝ.112ꅞ ꅝ.122ꅞ 냪깡ꝏ2 .155 .007 ꇐ.062 .148 ꇐ.009 ꇐ.093 ꅝ.172ꅞ ꅝ.113ꅞ ꅝ.128ꅞ ꅝ.174ꅞ ꅝ.113ꅞ ꅝ.124ꅞ 녠볆뚵 F귈 .933 .802 ꆯꆯ R2 .036 .066 .043 .039 .086 .116 뷕뻣ꯡR2 ꇐ.003 .029 .005 ꇐ.009 .040 .072 ꆯP<ꅆꆯꆯP<ꅆꆯꆯꆯP< ꅝꅞ볐럇뭾ꅝstandard errorsꅞ 1.늣띾ꝏꅝ낪곬뭳덹띾=0,뛇닎뭳덹띾=1ꅞ 2.냪깡ꝏꅝ뙽땯꒤냪깡=0,ꑷ뙽땯냪깡=1ꅞ 냑ꅂꑰ떲 ꗑ맪쏒떲ꩇ땯뉻ꅁꖫ돵냊멁꧊맯깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐빁삳꧊셚껄쏶ꭙ꒧뱶암ꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꅁ뭐륷듁ꓨꙖ꒣ꑀ교ꅆꖫ돵냊멁꧊맯ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐빁삳꧊셚껄쏶ꭙ꒧뱶암ꗧꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꅁ뭐륷듁ꓨꙖ꒣ꑀ교ꅁꙝꚹ낲뮡ꑔ결Ꙗꓤ꯹ꅃ 99
롧ꗑꕈꑗ꒧맪쏒꓀꩒ꅁꖻ곣ꡳ꿷녎낲뮡꒧샋ꥷ떲ꩇ뻣뉺꙰ꑕꫭꅇ ꫭ5-20 곣ꡳ낲뮡꒧샋ꥷ떲ꩇ 낲뮡꒺깥 륷듁 맪믚 떲ꩇ H1ꅇꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊맯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꚳ엣뗛뱶암ꅃ ꓤ꯹ H1-1ꅇꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧띕ꑪꅁ띕꧶륆ꚨ ꇏ ꇐ ꒣ꓤ꯹ ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ H1-2ꅇꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚띕ꑪꅁ띕꧶륆ꚨꡍꇏ ꇏ ꒣ꓤ꯹ 떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ H1-3ꅇꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚띕ꑪꅁ띕꧶륆ꚨꡍꇏ ꇏ ꓤ꯹ 떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ H1-4ꅇꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧띕ꑰꅁ띕꧶륆ꚨꡍꇐ ꇐ ꓤ꯹ 떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ H1-5ꅇꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧띕ꑰꅁ띕꧶륆ꡍꇐ ꇐ ꒣ꓤ꯹ 떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ H1-6ꅇꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡룪랽몯덺ꯗ띕낪ꅁ띕꧶륆ꡍ떦ꑀꇏ ꇏ ꓤ꯹ 교꧊ꅃ H1-7ꅇ맯꧳돦ꓨꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꛓꢥꅁꙘ룪ꗸ띾Ꙣꙡꕄ냪ꇏ ꇏ ꓤ꯹ ꧒면ꪺꢤꛢ띕궫굮ꅁ띕꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ H2ꅇꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙꅁ라쁈ꡍ떦쏾ꮬ ꓤ꯹ ꛓ꒣Ꙑꅃ H2-1ꅇꙢ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑗꅁꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊띕낪ꅁꙘ룪셚껄ꇏ ꇏ ꓤ꯹ 띕꣎ꅃ H2-2ꅇꙢꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑗꅁꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊맯Ꙙ룪셚껄때엣때뱶암 ꚳ뱶암 ꒣ꓤ꯹ 뗛뱶암ꅃ H3ꅇꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꪺ쁗뉶ꅁ라듮깺ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ땻ꯗ뭐 ꇐ ꇏ Ꙗ Ꙙ룪셚껄쏶ꭙꪺ녪ꯗꅃ ꓤ꯹ 100
닄꒻뎹 떲뷗뭐ꯘ쒳 닄ꑀ론 곣ꡳ떲뷗 돼ꅂꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧쏶ꭙ ꑀꅂ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꓨ궱 Ꙣ랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ멣궱ꑗꅁꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ엣뗛굴곛쏶ꅁꫭꗜꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧띕ꑰꅁ띕깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅁꙌ쏒굙ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧띕ꑰꅁ싹ꓨꪺ뫞뉺궷껦뫞뉺ꓨꚡ띕곛ꅁꭨꕩꕈ뱗뙩ꦼꚹ랾덱ꪺꚳ껄꧊ꣳ뷕꧊뙩ꛓ궰ꝃꦼꚹꪺ륪믒ꅁ깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅝGeringer, 1988ꅞꅆ룪랽몯덺ꯗ뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꅁꫭꗜꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡룪랽몯덺ꯗ띕낪ꅁ띕깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅁꙌ쏒굙ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡꒬냊뻷꣮ꙮꅁ랾덱뫞륄멚덱ꕂ꒽뙽꓆ꅂ덺ꧺ꓆ꅁ꣏녯덎룪끔꿠냷ꙢꦼꚹꪺꙘꝀ륌땻꒤ꕒ꓀걹덱ꅁꕩꕈ뱗뙩ꦼꚹ랾덱ꪺꚳ껄꧊듮ꓖ꒣ꖲ굮ꪺ뭾룑ꅁ뙩ꛓꢳ덴꣮굱ꡍ떦ꛓ깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅝHutt, 2000ꅞꅆ냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧ꖼꝥ뉻륷듁꒧엣뗛꧊ꅁꖻ곣ꡳ뇀뷗ꕩ꿠걏ꙝ결Ꙟꚬ볋ꖻ볆꒣ꢬꅁ꣏녯샋ꥷ떲ꩇꙢ엣뗛쏤뵴ꅃ Ꙣ룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ멣궱ꑗꅁꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꅁꫭꗜꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚띕ꑪꅁ띕깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅁꙌ쏒굙Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뻖ꚳ룻꣎ꪺꛦ빐꿠ꑏꅁꭨꙢꙘ룪ꗸ띾꒤면궫굮ꪺꢤꛢꅁ뷍Ꝑꑗ꧶샲녯룻Ꙩꪺ뷍Ꝑ쑷뵘ꅁ뙩ꛓ꧳ꡍ떦ꕄ뻉ꙡꛬꅁ깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅝHarrigan, 1984ꅞꅆ덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚곒ꖼꝥ뉻륷듁꒧엣뗛꧊ꅁꖻ곣ꡳ뇀뷗덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧ꅂ곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚맯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒣엣뗛꒧귬ꙝꅁꕩ꿠걏Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡곛맯뷍Ꝑꑏꑪꑰꗧ꣼ꦼꚹ꧒꯹ꚳ꒧앶ꓱ꣒뱶 101
암ꅁꗧꝙꙢꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁ꧳Ꙩ볆ꪺꑀꓨ녎ꕄ뻉뻣귓ꡍ떦륌땻ꅁꙝꚹ깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃꚹꕾꅁ덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧맯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒣엣뗛귬ꙝ꒧ꑇꅁꕩ꿠걏낣ꑆꖻ곣ꡳ꧒뇄ꗎꪺꕎ뉺엜볆꒧ꕾꅁꥼꚳꟳ빁Ꙙꪺꕎ뉺엜볆ꅁꚹꚳꯝꯡ쓲곣ꡳ쑾쓲놴끑ꅃꕴꑀꓨ궱ꅁ덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧맯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧뱶암뭐륷듁ꓨꙖ꒣ꑀ교ꅁꖻ곣ꡳ뇀뷗ꕩ꿠귬ꙝ결덗볒룻ꑪꪺ꒽ꕱ덱녠룻궫뗸듁ꗘ볐ꅁ뗛궫ꖼ꣓ꪺꝑ녯ꅁ꧒ꕈꙢꡍ떦꣮굱ꑗ룻뵷멃ꅁ덗볒룻ꑰꪺ꒽ꕱꅁ덱녠룻궫뗸뱵꧊ꕈꙝ삳ꕾꙢ샴맒ꪺ엜꓆ꅁꣃꕂ룻궫뗸땵듁ꝑ볭ꅁꙢꡍ떦꣮굱ꑗ룻결Ꟗ덴ꅁꙝꚹꙢꡍ떦ꪺ륌땻꒤ꅁ곝ꩫꑗꕩ꿠껉녠ꕘ뉻ꢣ꣏녯ꦼꚹ늣ꗍ뷄곰ꅁ꧒ꕈ뱴냓덱녠라둍덗볒ꑪꑰ곛ꪺꙘꝀ맯뙈ꅁꕩꪾꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡덗볒깴늧띕ꑰꅁ띕깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅃ Ꙣ떦늤궫굮꧊멣궱ꑗꅁ떦늤궫굮꧊뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꅁꫭꗜ맯돦ꓨꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꛓꢥꅁ굙Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ떦늤궫굮꧊뭻ꪾ띕낪ꅁ띕깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅁ귬ꙝꙢ꧳굙Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾맯돦ꓨꗀ꒽ꕱꛓꢥꅁ꣣ꚳ궫굮ꪺ떦늤꧊ꗘꪺꅁꭨꗀ꒽ꕱ녎띕뽮랥ꑊꙘ룪ꗸ띾꒧륂Ꝁꅁ싇ꗑꖻꢭ꧒꣣돆꒧쁵뛕뭐뱶암ꑏ걏뽮랥삱룉꧒ꓭ꿊ꪺ꿠ꑏꅁꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁ덶ꡂ꣺녯ꡍ떦ꕄ뻉앶ꅁꙝꚹ띕깥꧶륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅝMartinez and Ricks, 1989ꅞꅃ ꑇꅂꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꓨ궱 Ꙣ랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ멣궱ꑗꅁ룪랽몯덺ꯗ뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꅁ곣ꡳ떲ꩇ뭐깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊곛Ꙑꅆꗸ띾ꓥ꓆ꅂ냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧ꖼꝥ뉻륷듁꒧엣뗛꧊ꅃ떦늤궫굮꧊뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꅁ곣ꡳ떲ꩇ뭐깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊곛ꙐꅃꙢ룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ멣궱ꑗꅁ덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧ꅂ곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚ꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚곒ꖼꝥ뉻륷듁꒧엣뗛꧊ꅁꖻ곣ꡳ뇀뷗꣤꒣엣뗛꒧귬ꙝꅁꕩ꿠ꥍ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꓨ궱ꖼꝥ엣뗛꧊꒧귬ꙝ곛Ꙑꅃ ꑔꅂꑰ떲 롧ꗑꕈꑗ꒧맪쏒꓀꩒ꅁꚳꕼ쉉귈녯ꩠ띎ꅇ 닄ꑀꅂ곛룻꧳룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗꅁ랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗꪺꑪꑰ걏뱶암ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧쏶 102
쇤ꅃꗑꫭ5-14ꕩꪾꅁꙢ볒ꚡꑔ꒤ꅁꛒ뱻ꑆ랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ멣궱ꯡꅁ꒣뛈ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧룪랽몯덺ꯗ맯깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꚳ엣뗛뱶암ꅁꣃꕂ룑쓀꿠ꑏ룻볒ꚡꑇ녪ꅁꫭꗜꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗꑪꑰꅁ맯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧뱶암뵔맪꣣쏶쇤꧊ꅃꙢ볒ꚡꑔ꒤ꅁ놱꣮ꑆ랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ멣궱ꯡꅁꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚맯깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꅁ꣏ꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚맯깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧뱶암곰엣꣤궫굮꧊ꅃꗑꫭ5-15ꕩꪾꅁꙢ볒ꚡꑔ꒤ꅁꛒ뱻ꑆ랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ멣궱ꯡꅁ룪랽몯덺ꯗ맯ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꚳ엣뗛뱶암ꅃ룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ멣궱꒧덗볒ꑪꑰꅂ곣땯꿠ꑏꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚맯ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꣃ때엣뗛뱶암ꅃ 닄ꑇꅂ곛룻꧳ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊맯깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뱶암룻결ꧺ엣ꅃꖻ곣ꡳ뇀뷗Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊맯ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧뱶암룻꒣엣뗛ꪺ귬ꙝꅁꕩ꿠걏ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦꒧냵ꛦꅁꗸ띾꒺뎡ꑷꚳꙮꪺꚨꖻ놱꣮뻷꣮ꅁꕩꕈ륆ꚨꝃꚨꖻꗘ볐ꅁꙝꚹꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ륆ꚨ뭐ꝟ룻꒣꣣궫굮꧊ꅁ꧒ꕈ뻉교Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊맯ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧뱶암룻꒣엣뗛ꅃ 닄ꑔꅂ맪쏒떲ꩇ엣ꗜꅁ떦늤궫굮꧊멣궱맯ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꥍ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊곒ꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꅁꫭꗜꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ맯Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ떦늤궫굮꧊뭻ꪾ걏뱶암ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ궫굮ꙝ꿀꒧ꑀꅃ 닄ꕼꅂ맪쏒떲ꩇ엣ꗜꅁ룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ멣궱맯ꅵ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅶꥍ ꅵꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅶ꒧뱶암곒ꝥ뉻꒣엣뗛ꅁꖻ곣ꡳ뇀뷗ꖼꝥ엣뗛꧊꒧귬ꙝꅁꕩ꿠걏Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꪺ앶ꓱ꣒꓀끴ꅁ걏꣺녯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ궫굮ꡍꥷꙝ꿀ꅁꗧꝙꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ룪랽싗둉뭐ꝟ맯꧳ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ꣺녯ꣃ꒣꣣궫굮꧊ꅁꛓ꯹ꚳꙨ볆꒧Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꅁꑾ걏ꕄ뻉ꡍ떦륌땻ꛓ꣺녯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧쏶쇤ꅃꙢ놱꣮앶ꓱ꣒ꯡ땯뉻ꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꪺ앶ꓱ꣒꓀끴맯꧳꣺녯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뵔맪ꚳ엣뗛뱶암ꅁꫭꗜꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧꣺녯걏꣼Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꧒꯹ꚳ꒧앶ꓱ꣒Ꙩ맨꧒뱶암ꅃꚹꕾꅁ앶ꓱ꣒맯ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧꣺녯뱶암룻결엣뗛ꅁꕩ꿠걏Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뭻결륆ꚨꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊Ꙑ볋꣣ꚳ꣤궫굮꧊ꅁꣃꕂꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ꣺녯ꅁ룻꒣꣼Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ룪랽싗둉뭐ꝟ꧒뱶암ꅁ 103
ꛓ앶ꓱ꣒꓀끴걏륆ꚨꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ쏶쇤ꙝ꿀ꅃ 뙌ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ ꑀꅂ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꓨ궱 맪쏒떲ꩇ엣ꗜꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄ꑔ멣궱꒧쏶ꭙꝥ 엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꅁꫭꗜꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑땻ꯗ띕낪ꅁꙘ룪셚껄띕꣎ꅃ곣ꡳ떲ꩇ 뭐뽗룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦꣮굱꒧곣ꡳ떲ꩇ곛ꙐꅁꟳꙌ쏒ꖻ곣ꡳ꒧뇀뷗ꅁꗧꝙ굙ꗀ꒽ ꕱ뚡랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗꝃꅁꭨ녎꣏ꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑땻ꯗ띕낪ꅁꙘ룪셚껄띕꣎ꅁꙝꚹꓤ ꯹낲뮡2-1ꅃ ꑇꅂꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꓨ궱 맪쏒떲ꩇ엣ꗜꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꣃꭄ맯Ꙙ룪셚껄곒때엣뗛뱶암ꅃꗑ곣ꡳ떲ꩇ땯뉻ꅁꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐껄ꩇ셚껄꒧쏶ꭙꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꅁꫭꗜ굙ꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑땻ꯗ띕낪ꅁ껄ꩇ셚껄띕꣎ꅁ낲뮡2-2ꖼ샲ꓤ꯹ꅃꖻ곣ꡳ뇀뷗ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐껄ꩇ셚껄꒧쏶ꭙꥍꖻ곣ꡳ꧒륷듁떲ꩇ꒣ꑀ교ꪺ귬ꙝꅁꕩ꿠걏쇶땍ꗸ띾냵ꛦꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦껉ꅁꗸ띾꒺뎡ꑷꚳꙮꪺꚨꖻ놱꣮뻷꣮ꅁ교꣏ꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑땻ꯗ뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄뚡룻때ꪽ놵쏶ꭙꅁ맯꧳륆ꚨ압ꯈ몡띎ꯗꅂꝬꓞ띳ꪺ압ꯈ꣺녯ꖫ돵ꚳ뉶떥껄ꩇ셚껄ꅁ낣ꑆꗸ띾꒺뎡ꚨꖻ놱꣮뻷꣮ꙝ꿀ꕾꅁꚨ귻뚡굙걏롧녠Ꙟ삳압ꯈ띎ꢣꅁ끷맯압ꯈꙞꙢꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦냵ꛦꪺ빁럭꧊ꑗꕛꕈꛒ뙱뙩ꛓ륆ꚨꙀ쏑ꅁꭨꡍ떦ꪺꙀ쏑땻ꯗ녎꣏껄ꩇ셚껄띕꣎ꅃ 냑ꅂꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ ꑀꅂ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꓨ궱 ꛒ뱻깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐ꖫ돵냊멁꧊꒧ꗦ꒬껄ꩇꯡꅁ맯빁삳꧊셚껄ꝥ 엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꅁꫭꗜꙢꖫ돵샴맒엜냊ꑕꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑ꪺ꣺녯ꅁ ꛓ맯Ꙙ룪셚껄ꚳꖿ궱산ꝕꅁ맪쏒떲ꩇ뭐ꖻ곣ꡳ뭻결ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꪺ쁗뉶ꅁ라 104
듮깺ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ땻ꯗ뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄쏶ꭙꪺ녪ꯗ꒧륷듁떲ꩇ꒣ꑀ교ꅃꖻ곣ꡳ 뇀뷗꣤귬ꙝꕩ꿠걏Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾뭐뽗룪ꗸ띾쇶땍Ꙑ볋궱셻ꕾꙢꖫ돵샴맒ꪺ뷄 삻ꅁ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾뭐뽗룪ꗸ띾Ꙣꖻ뷨ꑗ굾늧ꅁꡍ떦ꓨꚡ꒣뫉곛Ꙑꅁꙝꚹ ꖫ돵냊멁꧊맯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙꪺ뱶암떲ꩇꗧ꒣곛Ꙑꅃ ꑇꅂꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꓨ궱 ꛒ뱻ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐ꖫ돵냊멁꧊뚡꒧ꗦ꒬껄ꩇꯡꅁ맯빁삳꧊셚껄ꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꅁꫭꗜꙢꖫ돵샴맒엜냊ꑕꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑ꪺ꣺녯ꅁꛓ맯Ꙙ룪셚껄ꚳꖿ궱산ꝕꅁ뭐ꖻ곣ꡳ뭻결ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꪺ쁗뉶ꅁ라듮깺ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ땻ꯗ뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄쏶ꭙꪺ녪ꯗ꒧륷듁떲ꩇ꒣ꑀ교ꅁꖻ곣ꡳ뇀뷗꣤귬ꙝ뭐ꖫ돵냊멁꧊라ꕛ녪깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ곛Ꙑꅃ 뻇Homburgꅝ1999ꅞ뒿롧끷맯뽗룪ꗸ띾놴끑ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊셚껄ꑔ뚡꒧쏶ꭙꅁꖻ곣ꡳ꿷녎뭐꣤곣ꡳ떲ꩇꝀꑀꓱ룻ꅁ꙰ꑕꫭ꧒ꗜꅃ ꫭ6-1 곣ꡳ떲ꩇꓱ룻ꫭ 곣ꡳ ꖻ곣ꡳ Homburgꅝ1999ꅞ 뚵ꗘ 곣ꡳ맯뙈 Ꙙ룪ꑬ꒽ꕱ 뽗룪ꑬ꒽ꕱ 늣띾ꝏ 뭳덹띾 뭳덹띾ꅝ륱ꑬ띾ꅂ뻷뇱늣띾ꅞ 룪냪 ꑪ뎰ꅂ볚과ꅂꓩꖻꅂꩆꅂ꣤ꕌ 과ꅂ뱷 ꡍ떦 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꚨ귻ꅝ뢳ꅞ 낪뚥뫞뉺많뚤ꅝTMTꅞ ꡍ떦볐ꪺ 깴늧꓆ꡍ떦뭐ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦 깴늧꓆ꡍ떦뭐ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦 셚껄볐 ꕄ왛ꚡ몡띎땻ꯗ뗻꛴볐 ꕄ왛ꚡ몡띎땻ꯗ뗻꛴볐 놱꣮엜볆 앶ꓱ꣒ꅂ늣띾ꝏ냪깡ꝏ ꗸ띾덗볒ꅂ늣띾ꝏ냪깡ꝏ 볋ꖻ볆 106 101 ꓀꩒ꓨꩫ 끪쉫꓀꩒ꩫ 끪쉫꓀꩒ꩫ 룪껆뭠뚰 뙬녈냝ꣷ 뙬녈냝ꣷ 1.Ꙣ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑗꅁꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ 1.Ꙣ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑗꅁꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐 뭐셚껄꒧뚡ꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꅆꙢꝃꚨ셚껄꒧뚡ꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꅆꙢꝃꚨꖻ 곣ꡳ땯뉻ꖻꡍ떦ꑗꅁꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꕵ맯껄ꩇ셚ꡍ떦ꑗꅁꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊맯셚껄때엣뗛 껄ꝥ엣뗛ꖿ곛쏶ꅃ2.Ꙣ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦뱶암ꅃ2.Ꙣ깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑗꅁꖫ돵냊ꑗꅁꖫ돵냊멁꧊녎ꕛ녪ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊멁꧊녎듮깺ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐셚껄ꅝꕝ뭐빁삳꧊셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙꅆꙢꝃꚨꖻ걁껄뉶ꅂ껄ꩇ빁삳꧊셚껄ꅞ뚡꒧ꡍ떦ꑗꅁꖫ돵냊멁꧊녎ꕛ녪ꡍ떦ꑀ쏶ꭙꅃ 교꧊뭐빁삳꧊셚껄뚡꒧쏶ꭙꅃ 105
닄ꑇ론?뫞뉺띎뉛 돼ꅂꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊뭐ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧쏶ꭙ 맪쏒떲ꩇ땯뉻ꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꪺ랾덱ꚳ껄꧊뭐ꣳ뷕꧊ꅁ걏꣺녯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ쏶쇤ꅆ곛ꪺꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡룪랽싗둉뭐ꝟꓞ땯꒧곛맯뷍Ꝑꑏꑪꑰꛓ늣ꗍ꒧ꕄ뻉꿠ꑏ깴뙚ꅁ맯꧳꣺녯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꣃ꒣꣣쏶쇤꧊ꅁꗧꝙꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꪺ룪랽싗둉뭐ꝟꣃ꒣걏꣺녯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺꗽꡍ뇸ꗳꅃ굙Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁ결ꑆ샲녯ꡍ떦ꕄ뻉쁵뛕ꅁ뙩ꛓꭐ꣏Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡륆ꚨꡍ떦ꑗꪺꙀ쏑ꅁ뿯뻜뭐ꖻꢭ룪랽꒣맯뫙ꪺꙘ룪맙꛱ꙘꝀꅁꗸ맏ꝑꗎꗸ띾ꖻꢭ룪랽싗둉꒧쁵뛕샲녯룻ꑪꪺ뷍Ꝑꑏꛓꕄ뻉뻣귓ꡍ떦륌땻ꅁꗑ맪쏒떲ꩇ땯뉻ꅁ맯꧳ꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑꒧꣺녯ꣃ때ꖿ궱ꪺ산ꝕꅃ곛ꪺꅁꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡삳뫉뙱꓆룑꙳Ꙣꦼꚹ뚡ꪺ랾덱믙쎪ꅁ걏ꙢꙘ룪맙꛱뿯뻜ꑗꅁ맯꧳ꦼꚹ뚡ꪺꗸ띾ꓥ꓆ꅂ냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧룪랽몯덺ꯗꑗꕛꕈꛒ뙱ꅁꭨꚳꝕ꧳뱗뙩Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꪺ랾덱ꚳ껄꧊뭐ꣳ뷕꧊ꅁꙢꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁꟳꚳꝕ꧳궰ꝃꦼꚹ뚡ꪺ륪믒ꥍ듮ꓖ꒣ꖲ굮ꪺ뭾룑ꅁꙝꛓꙢꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡깥꧶꣺녯ꡍ떦ꑗꪺꙀ쏑ꅃ 맯돦ꓨꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꛓꢥꅁ굙ꗀ꒽ꕱ맯냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ떦늤궫굮꧊뭻ꪾ띕낪ꅁꭨꡍ떦Ꙁ쏑땻ꯗ띕낪ꅃꕈ뽮랥궱꒧ꢤꯗ뗸꒧ꅁ굙냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾면ꪺꢤꛢ띕궫굮ꅁꭨꗀ꒽ꕱ삳뽮랥ꑊ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒧륂Ꝁ뭐ꡍ떦륌땻ꅁ륂ꗎꖻꢭ꧒꣣돆꒧쁵뛕땯뒧꣤뱶암ꑏ뱶암꣤ꕌꗀ꒽ꕱꚨ귻ꅁ걏삱룉ꖻꢭ꧒ꓭ꿊꒧룪랽ꥍ꿠ꑏꅁ싇ꚹ덶ꡂ뒣뷍Ꝑꑏ뙱ꥍꡍ떦ꕄ뻉꿠ꑏꅁ뙩ꛓ꣺녯ꡍ떦ꑗꪺꑀ교꧊ꅃ 뙌ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ 맪쏒떲ꩇ땯뉻ꅁ굙Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊띕낪ꅁꙘ룪셚껄띕 106
꣎ꅃꙢ맪냈ꑗꅁ럭ꡍ떦ꡍꥷ륂ꗎ깴늧꓆떦늤꣏늣ꭾꟳ꣣쑶ꪧꑏ껉ꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡Ꙣꡍ떦ꪺ륌땻꒤ꅁ삳뫉뙱Ꙣꅵ꙰꛳꣏늣ꭾ륆꣬깴늧꓆ꅶꑗ륆ꚨꙀ쏑ꅁꣃꕂꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ삳끷맯ꚹ깴늧꓆떦늤ꅁ끞쑭ꖻꢭꪺ꿠ꑏꥍ룪랽륆ꚨ늣ꭾ깴늧꓆ꪺꗘ볐ꅁ꙰ꚹꭋꕩ녪꓆늣ꭾꪺ쑶ꪧꑏꅁ뙩ꛓ뒣Ꙙ룪셚껄ꅃ ꕴꑀꓨ궱ꅁ맪쏒떲ꩇ엣ꗜꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊맯Ꙙ룪셚껄ꪺ뒣룻꒣꣣쏶쇤꧊ꅁꫭꗜꗸ띾꒺뎡결ꑆ껄뉶ꪺ뱗뙩ꅁꑷꚳꙮꪺꚨꖻ놱꣮뻷꣮ꅁꣃꕂꑷ롧꣮ꯗ꓆ꢬꕈ륆ꚨꝃꚨꖻꗘ볐ꅁ뙩ꛓ뒣Ꙙ룪셚껄ꅃꙝꚹꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡Ꙣꡍ떦륌땻꒤ꅁ맯꧳ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꪺ냵ꛦꅁꣃ꒣믝굮꿓뙏ꓓꙨ룪랽꣺녯ꡍ떦ꑗꪺꑀ교꧊ꅃ 냑ꅂꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙ 맪쏒떲ꩇ땯뉻ꅁꛒ뱻ꑆꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꪺꗦ꒬껄ꩇꯡꅁꛓ맯꧳빁삳꧊셚껄ꚳꖿ궱ꪺ산ꝕꅁꗧꝙꙢꖫ돵샴맒엜냊ꑕꅁꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ꣺녯녎맯Ꙙ룪셚껄ꚳ꧒뒣ꅃꙢ맪냈ꑗꅁ굙럭ꙡꖫ돵샴맒띕꒣쎭ꥷꅁꭨꗀ꒽ꕱ맯ꕾ룪껉ꅁ삳ꛒ뱻ꕈ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꓨꚡ뙩ꑊ럭ꙡꖫ돵ꅁꣃꕂꙢꖫ돵샴맒엜냊ꑕꅁꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뚡삳뫉뙱꣺녯ꡍ떦ꑗꪺꑀ교꧊ꅁ꒣뛈ꚳꝕ꧳Ꙙ룪셚껄ꪺ뱗뙩ꅁꟳꕩ궰ꝃ샧륂궷쁉ꅆ곛ꪺꅁ굙럭ꙡꖫ돵샴맒룻결쎭ꥷꅁꭨꗀ꒽ꕱ맯ꕾ룪껉ꅁ삳ꛒ뱻ꕈ뽗룪ꓨꚡ뙩ꑊ럭ꙡꖫ돵ꅁꙢꖫ돵샴맒쎭ꥷꑕꅁꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ꣺녯맯꧳롧샧셚껄ꪺ뱗뙩녎ꚳꖿ궱ꪺ산ꝕꅃ 107
닄ꑔ론?곣ꡳ끞쑭 껚뻚곛쏶ꓥ쑭놴끑뭐맪쏒떲ꩇꅁꖻ곣ꡳ꣣엩꒧곣ꡳ끞쑭ꕄ굮ꕩ쉫꿇결ꑕꙃꑔ쉉ꅇ ꅝꑀꅞꖻ곣ꡳ뒣꣑ꑆꑀ뻣Ꙙ꧊걛멣ꅁꗧꝙꕈꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊결껖ꓟꅁ뒣ꕘ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧ꡍꥷꙝ꿀ꅁꣃ놴끑ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅂꖫ돵냊멁꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙꅃꖻ곣ꡳꙞ압륌ꕨꚳ쏶냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒧곛쏶ꓥ쑭땯뉻ꅁꙢꑷꦹꪺ곣ꡳ꒤맯꧳냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦꣮굱ꓨ궱꒧곛쏶쒳썄룻ꓖ놴끑ꅁꓗ꣤ꚳ쏶냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧ꡍꥷꙝ꿀놴끑ꟳ걏ꕉ꒧싶꙰ꅁꖻ곣ꡳ걏궺ꗽꕈꚹ쒳썄Ꝁ결곣ꡳꕄ썄ꅁ듁뇦ꖻ곣ꡳ꒧곣ꡳ떲ꩇꅁꕩꕈ삱룉ꚳ쏶냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦꣮굱곛쏶곣ꡳ꒧꒣ꢬꅃ ꅝꑇꅞꖻ곣ꡳꙞ압륌ꕨ곛쏶ꓥ쑭땯뉻ꅁ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꚳ쏶ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅂꖫ돵냊멁꧊뭐롧샧셚껄ꑔ뚡꒧쏶ꭙ놴끑룻ꓖꅁꛓꚹ쒳썄Ꙣ뽗룪ꗸ띾ꚳ쏶ꡍ떦꣮ꥷ꒧곣ꡳ놴끑룻Ꙩꅁꙝꚹꖻ곣ꡳ링룕ꕈ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾결곣ꡳ맯뙈ꅁ놴끑ꑔ꒧뚡ꪺ쏶셰꧊ꅃ ꅝꑔꅞꖻ곣ꡳꕄ굮걏ꕈꕸ왗뱴냓Ꙣ껼ꕾ녱냪믚Ꙙ룪겡냊결곣ꡳ뵤돲ꅁꙢꕈꦹ냪꒺ꚳ쏶냪믚Ꙙ룪꒧곛쏶곣ꡳ꒤ꅁꑪꙨ걏ꕈꕾ냓Ꙣꕸ녱냪믚Ꙙ룪겡냊결곣ꡳ뵤돲ꅁꙝꚹꖻ곣ꡳ녎ꕩ뒣꣑꒣Ꙑꪺ뉺뷗왛쉉ꅃ 108
닄ꕼ론 ꯡ쓲곣ꡳꯘ쒳 ꖻ곣ꡳ꒧ꯡ쓲곣ꡳꯘ쒳ꚳ꒻쉉 : ꅝꑀꅞꕾ냪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뭐ꙡꕄ냪ꗀ꒽ꕱ맯꧳ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧ꡍꥷꙝ꿀ꛒ뙱꒣ꙐꅝLuo, 2001ꅞꅃꗧꝙꕾ냪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뭻결뻖ꚳ덎쁵뛕ꥍꣴ뙖ꪺ뫞뉺꿠걏ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊궫굮ꪺꡍꥷꙝ꿀ꅆꙡꕄ냪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뭻결보노럭ꙡꖫ돵샴맒ꥍ뻖ꚳ꣮ꯗ쁵뛕ꅃꙝꚹꯘ쒳ꯡ쓲곣ꡳꕩꕈ뻣Ꙙꕾ냪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뭐ꙡꕄ냪ꗀ꒽ꕱ왛쉉ꅁꭋꕩꟳ뵔꓁ꪺ뿅뙱맯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ뱶암꧊ꅃ ꅝꑇꅞꙢ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧ꡍꥷꙝ꿀ꓨ궱ꅁꖻ곣ꡳ뒣ꕘꑔ멣궱ꑃ귓ꡍꥷꙝ꿀ꅁꕝ걁룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗꅂ랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ뭐떦늤궫굮꧊ꑔ멣궱ꅁꯡ쓲곣ꡳꕩ쑾쓲땯놸걏ꝟ꙳Ꙣ꣤ꕌꡍꥷꙝ꿀ꅁ꣒꙰Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ뫞뉺꿠ꑏ깴늧떥ꅁ꣏녯곣ꡳꟳ결뙧ꦵꅃ ꅝꑔꅞꙘ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ륂ꗎ앶ꑏꥍ꣮ꯗ맯Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒧놱꣮ꅁ녎뱶암Ꙙ룪셚껄ꅝLuo, 2001ꅞꅃꙝꚹꯡ쓲곣ꡳꕩꕈ녎놱꣮뻷꣮꿇ꑊ놱꣮엜볆꒧ꑀꅁ놴끑놱꣮뻷꣮맯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꥍꙘ룪셚껄걏ꝟ꣣ꚳ뱶암꧊ꅃ ꅝꕼꅞꙢ놴끑Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊맯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꪺ뱶암ꅁ꣤ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄ꑔ뚡꒧쏶ꭙ껉ꅁꖻ곣ꡳꕵ뒣ꕘ꣢귓ꡍ떦쏾ꮬ,ꕝ걁깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦,ꯡ쓲곣ꡳꕩꛒ뱻뚰꒤꓆ꡍ떦(focus)ꅁ꣏녯곣ꡳꟳ쇍꧳ꞹ뻣ꅃ ꅝ꒭ꅞꖻ곣ꡳꕄ굮걏ꕈꕸ왗ꗀ꒽ꕱ결곣ꡳ맯뙈ꅁꯡ쓲곣ꡳꕩꕈꛒ뙱냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾꒤Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱꚨ귻꒧왛쉉ꅁ꣓ꑆ룑냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧뱶암ꙝ꿀꣤뭐ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꥍꙘ룪셚껄뚡꒧쏶셰꧊ꅁ꣏녯곣ꡳ떲ꩇꟳ뙋꫱맪믚놡ꩰꅃ ꅝ꒻ꅞꖻ곣ꡳ꒧볋ꖻ꣓랽ꕄ굮걏롧ꗑ롧샙뎡뱦라꧒ꙃ셼꒧맯ꕾ룪ꑈꙗ돦ꅁꛓ맪믚ꑗꙢꙗ돦ꕾꕩ꿠꙳ꙢꟳꙨ룪껗ꗳꅁ꧒ꕈꯘ쒳ꯡ쓲곣ꡳ삳뫉뙱Ꙩꓨ뭠뚰볋ꖻꅁ꣏곣ꡳꟳ꣣ꕎꫭ꧊ꅃ 109
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뿽ꑀꅂ꒣Ꙑ앶ꓱ꣒냏꓀ꓨꚡ맯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧뱶암 ꖻ곣ꡳ링룕뙩ꑀꡂ녎볋ꖻ뱴냓꧒꯹ꚳ꒧앶ꓱ꣒냏꓀결꯹ꚳꓖ볆ꅂ맯떥Ꙩ볆ꅁ놴끑앶ꓱ꣒꓀끴맯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꅁꕈ맯ꖫ돵냊멁꧊ꅂꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꥍꙘ룪셚껄ꑔ뚡쏶ꭙ꒧뱶암ꅁꣃꕂ뭐ꭥ굺꒧냏꓀ꓨꚡ곛꒬ꓱ룻ꅃ 뿽ꫭ2-1 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊뭐깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧쏶ꭙꪺ맪쏒떲ꩇ N=106 엜볆 볐럇꓆끪쉫ꭙ볆 깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ 볒ꚡꑀ 볒ꚡꑇ 볒ꚡꑔ 볒ꚡꕼ 룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ 덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧 ꇐ.163 ꇐ.088 ꇐ.064 ꅝ.120ꅞ ꅝ.115ꅞ ꅝ.113ꅞ 곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚 ꇐ.073 .073 .058 ꅝ.087ꅞ ꅝ.084ꅞ ꅝ.082ꅞ ꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚ꆯꆯ ꆯ .158 .ꅝ.104ꅞ ꅝ.090ꅞ ꅝ.089ꅞ 랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧 ꇐ.151ꆯ ꇐ.139ꆯ ꅝ.076ꅞ ꅝ.075ꅞ 냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧 ꇐ.214ꆯ ꇐ.214ꆯ ꅝ.099ꅞ ꅝ.097ꅞ 룪랽몯덺ꯗꆯ .474ꆯꆯꆯ .411ꆯꆯꅝ.086ꅞ ꅝ.090ꅞ 떦늤궫굮꧊ .185ꆯꆯ ꅝ.087ꅞ 놱꣮엜볆 앶1 .099 .115 .115 .129 ꅝ.060ꅞ ꅝ.061ꅞ ꅝ.052ꅞ ꅝ.052ꅞ 늣띾ꝏ2 .152 .140 .140ꆯ .164ꅝ.099ꅞ ꅝ.100ꅞ ꅝ.087ꅞ ꅝ.086ꅞ 냪깡ꝏ3 .122 .134 .134 .106 ꅝ.100ꅞ ꅝ.101ꅞ ꅝ.087ꅞ ꅝ.086ꅞ 녠볆뚵 F귈 ꆯꆯꆯ ꆯꆯꆯ R2 .051 .070 .340 .370 뷕뻣ꯡR2 .023 .014 .279 .304 ꆵR2 .020 .270 .030 P<ꅆꆯꆯP<ꅆꆯꆯꆯP<ꅂꅝꅞ볐럇뭾ꅝstandard errorsꅞ 1. 앶ꅝꓖ볆=0,맯떥=1,Ꙩ볆=2ꅞꅂ2.늣띾ꝏꅝ낪곬뭳덹띾=0,뛇닎뭳덹띾=1ꅞ3.냪깡ꝏꅝ뙽땯꒤냪깡=0,ꑷ뙽땯냪깡=1ꅞ 117
뿽ꫭ2-2 Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ꽓꧊뭐ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧쏶ꭙꪺ맪쏒떲ꩇ N=106 엜볆 볐럇꓆끪쉫ꭙ볆 ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ 볒ꚡꑀ 볒ꚡꑇ 볒ꚡꑔ 볒ꚡꕼ 룪랽맯뫙땻ꯗ 덗볒ꑪꑰ깴늧 ꇐ.027 ꇐ.093 ꇐ.065 ꅝ.136ꅞ ꅝ.148ꅞ ꅝ.145ꅞ 곣땯꿠ꑏ깴뙚 .094 .073 .055 ꅝ.099ꅞ ꅝ.108ꅞ ꅝ.106ꅞ ꛦ빐꿠ꑏ깴뙚 ꇐ.059 ꇐ.045 ꇐ.077 ꅝ.117ꅞ ꅝ.116ꅞ ꅝ.114ꅞ 랾덱믙쎪땻ꯗ ꗸ띾ꓥ꓆깴늧 .011 .025 ꅝ.098ꅞ ꅝ.096ꅞ 냪믚꓆롧엧깴늧 .087 .505 ꅝ.127ꅞ ꅝ.125ꅞ 룪랽몯덺ꯗ .285ꆯꆯꆯ ꆯ .209ꆯꅝ.111ꅞ ꅝ.115ꅞ 떦늤궫굮꧊ .223ꆯꆯ ꅝ.112ꅞ 놱꣮엜볆 앶1 .158 .157 .146 .157 ꅝ.068ꅞ ꅝ.069ꅞ ꅝ.068ꅞ ꅝ.066ꅞ 늣띾ꝏ2 ꇐ.069 ꇐ.066 ꇐ.059 ꇐ.077 ꅝ.112ꅞ ꅝ.114ꅞ ꅝ.112ꅞ ꅝ.110ꅞ 냪깡ꝏ3 .093 .089 .091 .102 ꅝ.112ꅞ ꅝ.114ꅞ ꅝ.113ꅞ ꅝ.111ꅞ 녠볆뚵 F귈 .658 ꆯ R2 .034 .038 .119 .163 뷕뻣ꯡR2 .006 ꇐ.020 .037 .074 ꆵR2 .004 .081 .043 ꆯP<ꅆꆯꆯP<ꅆꆯꆯꆯP< ꅝꅞ볐럇뭾ꅝstandard errorsꅞ 1.. 앶ꅝꓖ볆=0,맯떥=1,Ꙩ볆=2ꅞ 2.늣띾ꝏꅝ낪곬뭳덹띾=0,뛇닎뭳덹띾=1ꅞ 3.냪깡ꝏꅝ뙽땯꒤냪깡=0,ꑷ뙽땯냪깡=1ꅞ 118
뿽ꫭ2-3 깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙꪺ맪쏒떲ꩇ N=106 볐럇꓆끪쉫ꭙ볆 뽗ꗟ엜볆 볒ꚡꑀ 볒ꚡꑇ 껄뉶셚껄 껄ꩇ셚껄 빁삳꧊ 껄뉶셚껄 껄ꩇ셚껄 빁삳꧊ 셚껄 셚껄 ꕄ굮껄ꩇ 깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ .240ꆯ ꆯꆯꆯ ꆯ .ꆯꆯꆯ .254ꆯ.408ꆯꆯꆯ .260ꆯꆯ 교꧊ ꅝ.163ꅞ ꅝ.099ꅞ ꅝ.113ꅞ ꅝ.227ꅞ ꅝ.136ꅞ ꅝ.152ꅞ ꗦ꒬껄ꩇ 깴늧꓆ꡍ떦ꑀ교ꆯꆯ ꇐ.020 .132 .307ꆯ꧊ꇑꖫ돵냊멁꧊ ꅝ.040ꅞ ꅝ.024ꅞ ꅝ.027ꅞ 놱꣮엜볆 앶1 .149 .084 .067 .151 .075 .046 ꅝ.100ꅞ ꅝ.060ꅞ ꅝ.069ꅞ ꅝ.101ꅞ ꅝ.060ꅞ ꅝ.067ꅞ 늣띾ꝏ2 .042 .075 .050 .042 .073 .046 ꅝ.166ꅞ ꅝ.100ꅞ ꅝ.114ꅞ ꅝ.167ꅞ ꅝ.100ꅞ ꅝ.111ꅞ 냪깡ꝏ3 .130 ꇐ.032 ꇐ.100 .132 ꇐ.045 ꇐ.131 ꅝ.165ꅞ ꅝ.100ꅞ ꅝ.114ꅞ ꅝ.168ꅞ ꅝ.101ꅞ ꅝ.112ꅞ 녠볆뚵 F귈 ꆯꆯ ꆯꆯꆯ ꆯꆯꆯ ꆯꆯ ꆯꆯꆯ ꆯꆯꆯ R2 .117 .282 .242 .117 .290 .288 뷕뻣ꯡR2 .082 .255 .212 .073 .255 .252 ꆯP<ꅆꆯꆯP<ꅆꆯꆯꆯP< ꅝꅞ볐럇뭾ꅝstandard errorsꅞ 1. 앶ꅝꓖ볆=0,맯떥=1,Ꙩ볆=2ꅞ 2.늣띾ꝏꅝ낪곬뭳덹띾=0,뛇닎뭳덹띾=1ꅞ 3.냪깡ꝏꅝ뙽땯꒤냪깡=0,ꑷ뙽땯냪깡=1ꅞ 119
뿽ꫭ2-4 ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊뭐Ꙙ룪셚껄꒧쏶ꭙꪺ맪쏒떲ꩇ N=106 볐럇꓆끪쉫ꭙ볆 뽗ꗟ엜볆 볒ꚡꑀ 볒ꚡꑇ 껄뉶셚껄 껄ꩇ셚껄 빁삳꧊ 껄뉶셚껄 껄ꩇ셚껄 빁삳꧊ 셚껄 셚껄 ꕄ굮껄ꩇ ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ ꇐ .083 .176ꆯ.139 ꇐ.124 .032 ꇐ.133 교꧊ ꅝ.149ꅞ ꅝ.099ꅞ ꅝ.112ꅞ ꅝ.213ꅞ ꅝ.141ꅞ ꅝ.154ꅞ ꗦ꒬껄ꩇ ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교 .057 .199 .384ꆯꆯꆯ ꧊ꇑꖫ돵냊멁꧊ ꅝ.038ꅞ ꅝ.025ꅞ ꅝ.027ꅞ 놱꣮엜볆 앶1 .186ꆯ .107 .092ꆯ . .071 ꅝ.103ꅞ ꅝ.069ꅞ ꅝ.077ꅞ ꅝ.104ꅞ ꅝ.069ꅞ ꅝ.075ꅞ 늣띾ꝏ2 .073 .163ꆯ .131 .072 .161ꆯ .127 ꅝ.169ꅞ ꅝ.112ꅞ ꅝ.127ꅞ ꅝ.169ꅞ ꅝ.112ꅞ ꅝ.123ꅞ 냪깡ꝏ3 .169ꆯ .013 ꇐ.056 .163ꆯ ꇐ.003 ꇐ.087 ꅝ.169ꅞ ꅝ.113ꅞ ꅝ.127ꅞ ꅝ.171ꅞ ꅝ.113ꅞ ꅝ.124ꅞ 녠볆뚵 F귈 ꆯ ꆯ ꆯꆯ .074 .051 .071 .093 .121 뷕뻣ꯡ .038 .014 .024 .048 .077 ꆯP<ꅆꆯꆯP<ꅆꆯꆯꆯP< ꅝꅞ볐럇뭾ꅝstandard errorsꅞ 1. 앶ꅝꓖ볆=0,맯떥=1,Ꙩ볆=2ꅞ 2.늣띾ꝏꅝ낪곬뭳덹띾=0,뛇닎뭳덹띾=1ꅞ 3.냪깡ꝏꅝ뙽땯꒤냪깡=0,ꑷ뙽땯냪깡=1ꅞ 맪쏒떲ꩇ엣ꗜꅁ쇶땍앶ꓱ꣒꓀끴맯ꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊꒧뱶암ꣃ꒣엣뗛ꅁ맯ꝃꚨꖻꡍ떦ꑀ교꧊ꛓꢥꅁ곒ꝥ뉻엣뗛쏤뵴ꅃꚹꕾꅁꗑ뿽ꫭ2-4땯뉻ꅁ앶ꓱ꣒꓀끴맯껄ꩇ셚껄ꑷ륆엣뗛ꓴ럇ꅁꫭꗜ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾껄ꩇ셚껄ꫭ뉻ꅁ녎꣼Ꙙ룪ꗀ꒽ꕱ앶ꓱ꣒꓀끴뱶암ꅃ 120
뿽ꑇꅂ곣ꡳ냝ꣷ 띱뇒ꅇ 녺ꙮꅉꖻ냝ꣷ결끷맯뻇덎ꗘꪺ꧒낵ꪺ냝ꣷ뷕걤ꅁꕄ굮걏놴끑ꚳ쏶냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾ꡍ떦꣮ꥷ꒧곣ꡳꅃꗑ꧳ 뙑꒽ꕱꪺ맯ꕾ룪롧엧싗둉ꅁ롧샧셚껄ꣴ뗛ꅁꙢ늣띾꒤면셼ꢬ뮴궫ꪺꙡꛬꅉꙝꚹꅁ녺ꪺ뛱떪뭐ꝟ맯ꖻ곣ꡳ뱶암곆륤ꅁꕂꗑ꧳Ꙣꫡ붬녱곣ꡳꝸ쏸ꯗ룻낪ꅁ녺ꪺ띎ꢣꟳ엣삱ꢬ곃뙑ꅁ걇삵뷐녺벷꒾뛱떪ꅁ꙰녺맪Ꙣ때띶뛱뱧ꅁꗧ럐뷐신ꗦ떹꣤ꕌ보노ꚹ냈꒧ꑈ귻뛱떪ꅃ 녺꧒뒣꣑ꪺ띎ꢣ녎ꕵꝀ결뻇덎꧊ꗎ덾ꅁꕂ꯹ꭏ녋귬ꭨꅁ맯ꕾ떴꒣꒩ꕈ돦뽗꒽뙽ꅁ뷐녺ꙷꓟꝀ떪ꅃꚹꕾꅁ굙녺꿠벷뛱뱧냝ꣷꅁ귌쑀띎끥녺ꅹꮢ꛲냓띾뗻뷗뫫뿯ꅺ쉏껑ꑀꖻꅁꕈꗜ맯녺ꪺ띐뽅꒧띎ꅃ굙뇽ꑆ룑ꖻ곣ꡳꪺ떲뷗ꅁ뷐Ꙣ냝ꣷ돌ꖽ쓦꓄뿯녺ꪺ띎쑀ꅁꯝ곣ꡳꞹꚨ껉ꅁꖲ녎곣ꡳ떲ꩇ녈꒩ 뙑꒽ꕱ냑ꛒꅃ돌ꯡꅁ룛벰ꪺ띐쇂녺Ꙣ셣ꚣ껉떹꒩ꖻ곣ꡳꪺꓤ꯹뭐ꣳꝕꅁ쇂쇂ꅉ 띱꾬 쉅맏ꑪ깩 냪ꗟꩆ뗘ꑪ뻇냪믚ꗸ띾곣ꡳ꧒ 뻉 뇐 뇂ꅇ둞ꗉ뻰 돕ꑨ 곣 ꡳ ꗍꅇꩌ걦꽅 띱ꑗ 셰 떸 륱 룜ꅇ0935412543 121
냝ꣷ뮡ꧺꅇ 1.Ꙣ냝ꣷ꒤ꅇ ꕸ왗ꗀ꒽ꕱ결ꅵ뙑꒽ꕱꅶ ꅝ꙰냪꾫덱뚰많ꅞ ꙝꙘ룪ꛓꚨꗟꪺ꒽ꕱ결ꅵꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꅶ ꅝ꙰셰뗘껰엩꒽ꕱꅞ 냪ꕾꗀ꒽ꕱ결ꅵꙘ룪맯뙈ꅶ ꅝ꙰굞냪껰엩꒽ꕱꅞ 2.굙 뙑꒽ꕱꚳ꣢귓ꕈꑗ꒧냪믚Ꙙ룪껗껉ꅁ뷐녺ꕈ돌보노결Ꙟ떪뻚ꅃ 3.Ꙣ녺꧒뭻ꥷꪺꙘ룪껗꒤ꅁꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꪺꕘ룪꒽ꕱꕩ꿠꒣ꕵꑀ깡ꅁ뷐ꕈ돌ꕄ굮 ꪺ냪ꕾꗀ꒽ꕱꝀ결뛱떪뻚ꅃ 닄ꑀ뎡꓀ꅇꕄ굮걏띑ꑆ룑 뙑꒽ꕱꪺ냲ꖻ룪껆ꅁ룪껆꒺깥뛈Ꝁ뻇덎꧊곣ꡳꅁ떴꒣맯ꕾ꒽뙽ꅁ뷐녺ꙷꓟꝀ떪ꅃ 1.뙑꒽ꕱ꧒쓝ꪺ늣띾ꝏꅇ ꆼ궹ꭾ뚼껆뭳덹띾 ꆼꩁ릢ꭾ뭳덹띾 ꆼꓬꛋ뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾 ꆼ꿈꿈뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾 ꆼ뻳붦뛬붦뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾 ꆼ꓆뻇ꭾ뭳덹띾 ꆼ쓝뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾 ꆼ뻷뇱믶뺹뭳덹띾 ꆼ륱뺹륱ꑬ뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾 ꆼ꾼슴띾 ꆼꗖ궲ꓲꗖ꣤뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾 ꆼꭄ쓝쑱늣ꪫ뭳ꭾ뭳덹띾 ꆼ꣤ꕌ ꅃ 2.뷐냝 뙑꒽ꕱꗘꭥꪺ맯ꕾ룪껗ꗳ꒤ꅁ걏ꝟꕝꝴ냪믚Ꙙ룪ꅇ걏ꆼꅁꝟꆼꅃ 3.뷐냝Ꙣ녺돌보노ꪺ냪믚Ꙙ룪껗꒤ꅁ녺꧒뭻ꥷꪺꙘ룪맯뙈냪쑹결 ꅃ 4.뷐냝냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾Ꙣꗁ냪90꙾ꯗꪺ귻ꑵꑈ볆결 ꑈꅃ 5.뷐냝냪믚Ꙙ룪ꗸ띾Ꙣꗁ냪90꙾ꯗꪺ셠빐냢썂결띳ꕸ맴 ꒸ꅃ 6.뷐냝 뙑꒽ꕱ뭐녺꧒뭻ꥷꪺꙘ룪맯뙈ꅁꙢꙘ룪ꗸ띾꧒앶ꓱ뉶ꅇ 뙑꒽ꕱ ꉍꅁꙘ룪맯뙈 ꉍꅃ 7.ꚹꙘ룪ꗸ띾ꪺ앶떲멣걏ꝟꚳ엜냊륌ꅇ때ꆼ ꚳꆼꅁ ꚸꅃ 122
닄ꑇ뎡꓀ꅇꕄ굮걏띑ꑆ룑 뙑꒽ꕱ뭐녺꧒뭻ꥷꪺꙘ룪맯뙈ꙢꙘ룪쏶ꭙ꒤ꅁ맯꧳ꑕꙃ냝썄깴늧땻ꯗꪺꕄ왛뭻ꪾꅁ뷐둎녺뭻결돌빁럭ꪺ떪껗덂ꅹꆼꅺꖴvꅃ ꭄ ꒣ 뒶 Ꙑ ꭄ 녠 녠 ꒣ Ꙑ Ꙑ Ꙑ 띎 띎 덱 띎 띎 1.룪늣ꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 2.곣땯뙏ꗎꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 3.ꛦ빐ꑈ귻볆ꗘꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 4.껼ꕾ샧ꚬꓱ꣒ꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 5.귻ꑵ셠ꑈ볆ꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 6.곣땯ꑈ귻볆ꗘꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 7.ꛦ빐뙏ꗎꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 8.껼ꕾꑬ꒽ꕱ볆ꗘꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 9.빐냢썂ꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 10녱껼ꕾ겡냊냪깡볆ꗘꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 11.Ꙣꑗꕱ뭐귻ꑵ꒧뚡뚥꿅왛꧀ꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 12.Ꙣ궫뗸껑궱땻ꟇꝀꩫꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 13.Ꙣꖭꞡ귻ꑵ꙾쓖ꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 14.Ꙣ궫뗸녍깡띎ꢣꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 15.Ꙣ궫뗸많뚤뫫꾫ꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 16.Ꙣ귻ꑵꖭꞡ뇐ꓴ럇ꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 17.ꙢꑵꝀ궫꧳ꗰ뚢멁ꯗꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 18.Ꙣ닕슴ꓥ꓆ꪺ뙽꧱땻ꯗꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 19.귻ꑵꙢꭩ꧳궱맯걄뻔멁ꯗꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 20.Ꙣꭟ쁉뫫꾫ꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 21.Ꙣ궫뗸돐띳뫫꾫ꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 22.Ꙣ녪뷕ꕈꑵꝀ셚껄결볺뷠뻚ꑗꪺ깴늧땻ꯗꯜꑪꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 123
닄ꑔ뎡꓀ꅇꕄ굮걏띑ꑆ룑 뙑꒽ꕱ뭐녺꧒뭻ꥷꪺꙘ룪맯뙈ꙢꙘ룪쏶ꭙ꒤ꅁꦼꚹ꒧ 뚡꒬냊ꪺ놡ꅁ뷐둎ꑕꙃ냝썄뻚녺ꪺꕄ왛뭻ꪾꅁꙢ돌빁럭ꪺ떪껗덂ꅹꆼꅺꖴvꅃ ꭄ ꒣ 뒶 Ꙑ ꭄ 녠 녠 ꒣ Ꙑ Ꙑ Ꙑ 띎 띎 덱 띎 띎 1.싹ꓨ녠녠뒣꣑룪랽곛꒬ꗦ뒫ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 2.싹ꓨ믝굮녠녠랾덱ꣳ뷕ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 3.싹ꓨ믝굮ꯜꪺ껉뚡낵랾덱ꣳ뷕ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 4.싹ꓨꙢꗦ뒫룪랽륌땻꒤믝굮ꯜꙨꪺꑈꑏꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 5.싹ꓨ덎ꗦ걹걏싹Ꙗꪺꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 6.싹ꓨ끔꺧ꗦ걹걏싹Ꙗꪺꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 7.ꕵ굮걏맯꧳맯ꓨꚳ산ꝕꪺ룪랽ꅁ둎ꑀꥷ뒣꣑떹맯ꓨꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 8.싹ꓨꚳꕒ꓀ꪺ랾덱룪랽ꗦ뒫ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 9.싹ꓨꕩꕈꧺ뵔ꪺ랾덱ꣃ낵룪랽ꪺꗦ뒫ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 10.싹ꓨꪺ랾덱룪랽ꗦ뒫녠녠닅Ꙙ껉껄ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 11.룪랽ꗦ뒫ꪺ꒺깥꒣ꕵ껚뻚ꗽꭥ꧒ꥷ굱ꪺꙘ곹ꅁ뙗ꕘꙘ 곹ꕈꕾꪺ룪랽ꚳ껉ꑝ라뒣꣑ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 닄ꕼ뎡꓀ꅇꕄ굮걏띑ꑆ룑ꅁꚹꙘ룪ꗸ띾맯꧳ 뙑꒽ꕱꛓꢥꅁꙢꙡꕄ냪꧒면ꪺꢤꛢ결꛳ꅈ뷐둎ꑕꙃ냝썄뻚녺ꪺꕄ왛뭻ꪾꅁꙢ돌빁럭ꪺ떪껗덂ꅹꆼꅺꖴvꅃ ꭄ ꒣ 뒶 Ꙑ ꭄ 녠 녠 ꒣ Ꙑ Ꙑ Ꙑ 띎 띎 덱 띎 띎 1.꿠냷둸뒤ꖫ돵땯깩ꪺ쇍뛕ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 2.곝ꙮꙡꕄ냪ꖫ돵ꪺ볧ꑏꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 3.ꕩꕈ뉯꣮쑶ꪧꪺꛦ냊ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 4.ꕩꕈ뫊놱럭ꙡ덎땯깩놡ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 5.ꕩꕈ꓀뒲돦ꑀꙡꕄ냪ꗍ늣ꪺ궷쁉ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 124
닄꒭뎡꓀ꅇꕄ굮걏띑ꑆ룑 뙑꒽ꕱ뭐녺꧒뭻ꥷꪺꙘ룪맯뙈ꅁꙢꡍ떦꣮ꥷꪺ륌땻꒤ꅁ녺맯꧳ꑕꙃ냝썄ꪺꕄ왛뭻ꪾꅁ둎녺뭻결돌빁럭ꪺ떪껗덂ꅹꆼꅺꖴvꅃ ꭄ ꒣ 뒶 Ꙑ ꭄ 녠 녠 ꒣ Ꙑ Ꙑ Ꙑ 띎 띎 덱 띎 띎 1.싹ꓨ곒뭻Ꙑꕈꩁ냈돐덹압ꯈ맯늣ꭾꪺ믹귈ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 2.싹ꓨ곒뭻Ꙑ뒣꣑뙗귈ꪺ늣ꭾꯘꗟꭾ땐뙈ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 3.싹ꓨ곒뭻Ꙑ늣ꭾꕈ룻낪ꪺ믹껦Ꙣꖫ돵빐냢ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 4.싹ꓨ곒뭻Ꙑ뇄꣺뱳ꝩꡍ떦ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 5.싹ꓨ곒뭻Ꙑ끬ꡄ롧샧껄뉶ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 6.싹ꓨ곒뭻Ꙑ끬ꡄ귬껆뇄쇊ꪺꚨꖻ쁵뛕ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 7.싹ꓨ곒뭻Ꙑ끬ꡄ덗볒롧샙ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 닄꒻뎡꓀ꅇꚹ뎡ꗷꕄ굮걏띑ꑆ룑 뙑꒽ꕱ뭐녺꧒뭻ꥷꪺꙘ룪맯뙈ꙢꙘ룪듁뚡꒺ꅁ꧒덂ꪺꖫ돵ꪬꩰꅁ뷐녺ꪺꕄ왛뭻ꪾꅁꙢ돌빁럭ꪺ떪껗덂ꅹꆼꅺꖴvꅃ ꭄ ꒣ 뒶 Ꙑ ꭄ 녠 녠 ꒣ Ꙑ Ꙑ Ꙑ 띎 띎 덱 띎 띎 1.Ꙑ띾롧녠엜빐냢떦늤ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 2.Ꙑ띾롧녠엜ꥷ믹ꛦ결ꅝ꙰뇄꣺믹껦뻔ꅞꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 3.Ꙑ띾롧녠엜ꭐ빐뭐뱳ꝩ떦늤ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 4.압ꯈ맯꧳늣ꭾ꽓ꛢꑗꪺ낾ꙮ롧녠엜ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 5.압ꯈ맯꧳늣ꭾꪺ믹껦뇓띐ꯗ롧녠엜ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 125
닄ꑃ뎡꓀ꅇꚹ뎡ꗷꕄ굮걏띑ꑆ룑 뙑꒽ꕱ뭐녺꧒뭻ꥷꪺꙘ룪맯뙈ꙢꙘ룪듁뚡꒺ꅁꙘ룪셚껄ꑗꪺꫭ뉻ꅁ뷐녺ꪺꕄ왛뭻ꪾꅁꙢ돌빁럭ꪺ떪껗덂ꅹꆼꅺꖴvꅃ ꭄ ꒣ 뒶 Ꙑ ꭄ 녠 녠 ꒣ Ꙑ Ꙑ Ꙑ 띎 띎 덱 띎 띎 1.꿠ꢳ덴쁈쑶ꪧꪺꛦ빐떦늤뷕뻣ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 2.꧒뒣꣑ꪺ늣ꭾ꿠ꢳ덴ꙝ삳압ꯈ믝ꡄꪺ엜ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 3.맯꧳띳ꪺꖫ돵ꯂ꿙ꅝ꙰띳ꪺ쑶ꪧꕛꑊꅞ꿠ꢳ덴삳ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 4.늣ꭾꪺꖫ돵ꚳ뉶낪ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 5.ꝑ볭꣎ꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 6.륆ꚨ압ꯈ몡띎ꯗꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 7.Ꝭꓞ띳ꪺ압ꯈꅃ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ ꆼ 냝ꣷ떲ꟴꅁ쇂쇂ꅉ ꖻ냝ꣷꛜꚹ떲ꟴꅁꗑ끊띐쇂녺ꪺꣳꝕꅁ결ꑆ쇗ꝋ뿲멼ꅁ럐뷐ꙁ샋걤ꑀꚸꅁ굙때냝썄ꅁ뷐녎ꖻ냝ꣷꕈꙞ뙬ꭈꯊ녈Ꙟꅁ쇂쇂ꅉ귌녎뫉Ꟗ결녺녈ꑗꅹꮢ꛲냓띾뗻뷗뫫뿯ꅺ쉏껑ꑀꖻꅃ ꆷ?셰 떸 ꑈꅇ ꅃ ꆷ?셰떸ꙡꝽꅇ ꅃ ꆷ 걏ꝟ믝굮ꖻ곣ꡳ떲ꩇ멋굮ꅇ걏ꆼꅁꝟꆼꅃ 126
