ֻ12जֻ3௹ܵ ॓ ࿐ ࿐ Б 2009୍6ᄅ ੪Ⴓ܂ႋ৽ቋႪڛༀᇉਈथҦ 杨 树,杜少甫,梁 樑,董骏峰(ᇏݓ॓࿐ඌն࿐ܵ࿐ჽ,ކ٧230026)ᅋေ:旅游服务质量是旅游业可持续发展的基础保障.研究了由主题公园和旅行社组成的包价旅游供应链中旅行社的最优服务质量决策问题.首先,在给定主题公园服务质量的情况下,得到旅行社的最优服务质量决策.其次,通过分析主题公园的服务质量对旅行社的质量决策的影响,发现主题公园提高自身的服务质量并不一定能够激励旅行社选择高服务质量水平.最后简要讨论了在寡头垄断竞争市场下,旅行社的最优服务质量决策,提出可以通过多个阶段的重复博弈,达到市场均衡.ܱՍ:旅游供应链;包价游;服务质量;博弈ᇏٳোݼ:N945 ໓ངѓ്:A ໓ᅣщݼ:1007-9807(2009)03-0037-070 ႄ ְථୄႮႿ Вડ!طऋधႳग़,ު੪ྛഠࢤ֞Ⴓग़֥,ුѩေิ܂ॻބணӊ.ෙಖ൞ႮႿְථୄ੪ྛഠЇࡎ੪Ⴓ൞ᆷႮ੪ྛഠ၂পሰ൬ٮսܵބڛༀഈ֥ാ༂,੪ྛഠಯಖေӵքാ.Ϸಆ҆൙ၒ֥ܴܻ੪Ⴓ,Їও:ࢌ๙aᇾීaҔႂaЧ໓࣮੪Ⴓ܂ႋ৽ᇏഈ༯ႳఒြڛༀᇉਈႳুބܓ֩.๙ݖ੪ྛഠ,ࡼᄎൻ܄ඳa੪џ֥ཌྷ႕ཙ.หљ֥,Ч໓࿊౼੪ྛഠބᇶี܄ჳܶaҔܶaႳুӆ෮aܓᇏྏ֩੪Ⴓڛༀఒြ৽ቔູ࣮֥ᇶ.ุᇶี܄ჳ໊Ⴟ܂ႋ৽֥ഈႳ,ᄝࢤఏট,ྙӮਔ၂่ປᆜ֥੪Ⴓ܂ႋ৽༢.੪Ⴓ܂ႋ৽ᇏᅝႵᇶֹ໊֝,൞Ⴓग़࿊ᄴ੪Ⴓ֥ڛༀᇉਈ൞੪Ⴓြ֥ളଁཌ[1],Ⴊᇉڛༀิᇶေଢ֥ᆭ၂.੪ྛഠڵᄳյЇఃཌྷܱڛༀۚਔႳग़֥ڛༀડၩ؇,ࡨഒၹ҂ડջট֥ാ.(ࢌ๙,Ҕႂ,ᇾී֩),৵ᇶี܄ჳႳফཛଢ၂ਅݺ֥ܤग़֥ડၩ؇,ิശਔ੪Ⴓڛༀ܂ႋഅ֥ఏཧ൲۳Ⴓग़.Ч໓ࡼ੪Ⴓ܂ႋ৽ᇏ֥ఃఒြૅუ؇ބ൧ӆྙའ,ঔնਔླਈ.ࢠ֥֮ڛༀડ֥ۿିԎའ֞੪ྛഠ,طࣇॉ੮੪ྛഠބᇶี܄ၩ؇ᄵ۳੪Ⴓڛༀิ܂അջটਔحຓ֥ӮЧ,ೂჳਆ۱ࢨ؍,၂ٚ૫ູਔࡥ߄ંٳ༅,ਸ਼၂ٚ૫ԩႳग़ු֥ӮЧ,҂ડၩႳग़֥࿆Ԯ۳ఒြ൞ၹູؓ੪Ⴓ܂ႋ৽֥ఃఒြ,੪ྛഠऎႵ۷ലუջট֥ാ,Ⴓग़ᄝႳফݖӱᇏ֥҂ކջ؟֥࿊ᄴބ॥ᇅ.২ೂ,Medina Munoz֩[2]ބট֥ӮЧ.֩Bastakis֩[3]֥࣮ᆷԛ,੪ྛഠॖၛ๙ݖሱദ੪ྛഠ൞ቋᇔЇࡎ੪ႳӁ֥ཧ൲ᆀ,ေؓႿ౻֡॥ᇅ֥Ⴊ൝ট႕ཙބ॥ᇅџ֥ܶڛༀหؓ੪Ⴓ֥ᆜุڛༀุဒڵᄳ.Їࡎ੪Ⴓ܂ႋ৽ᇏᆘ,ೂᇉਈބି৯֩,ࠇᆀᄝ҂֥܂ႋഅᆭࡗ࿊ૄ۱ڛༀ܂ႋഅ֥ڛༀᇉਈᆰࢤࠇࡗࢤ႕ཙਔᄴ.طؓႿᇶี܄ჳটඪ,ೂཐְۖථୄႮႿऎႵܤग़ؓႿھՑ੪Ⴓุ֥ဒ.੪ྛഠ҂ࣇႮႿሱദऍն֥இིႋ,ݓ࠽߄֥ܵٚم,ၛࠣߘϮ֥ڛༀാϧᆦڱڛༀҀӊ,طߎေӵքЇࡎ੪Ⴓ֥੪Ⴓุဒ,ؓႿႳग़Ⴕሢऍն֥་ႄ৯.ၹՎᄝᇏఃߌࢫڛༀാϧطջট֥ڄགӮЧ.২ೂ,ཐۖ܂ႋ৽ᇏ,ᇶี܄ჳᅝႵႪ൝ֹ໊,ᆃ൞੪ྛഠ ൬۠ರ௹:2007-10-18;ྩרರ௹:2009-03-12.ࠎࣁཛଢ:ݓࡅሱಖ॓࿐ࠎࣁԷྍ࣮ಕุሧᇹཛଢ(70821001);ݓࡅౝ୍ࠎࣁሧᇹཛଢ(70801056).ቔᆀࡥࢺ:ဗ ඎ(1981∀),ଳ,νߪڲဝದ,Ѱൖള.Emai:laspen@
∀38∀ܵ ॓ ࿐ ࿐ Б2009୍6ᄅم॥ᇅބ႕ཙ.֥༯ཋ,ࠧြࢸቋ֮ડၩ؇ࣞࢵཌ.ؓᇶี܄ჳ֥ડЧ໓ᇏڛༀᇉਈႨग़ડၩ؇টޙਈ.ग़ၩ؇ູS#[S,1],іൕؓႿᇶี܄ჳڛༀᇉਈડၩ؇൞੪Ⴓྛြޙਈڛༀᇉਈݺߊ֥ᇗေᆷડၩ֥Ⴓग़ᅝႳग़ሹඔ֥Ϥٳб.҂ડၩটჷႿѓ,๙ӈҐႨ൙ު֥໙ज֥ٚൔটࠆ֤[4].ሸކᇶี܄ჳଽݖ؟֥Ⴓग़ջট֥ႚࠪ,مࠣൈԩग़֥յٳࡼડၩ؇߃ٳູડၩ֞҂ડၩ؟۱ࢨ֥গࠍ,ಌഒቀܔ֥ྨ༏ഡീ,ڛༀದჴ֥ڛༀ؍,ࣜݖ࠹ٚь֥֤֞Ⴓग़ડၩ֥Ϥٳб.ാ༂.֩ఃᇏS>0ູડၩ؇֥༯ཋ.Ч໓ᇏંࠣЧ໓ႨѰᒮٚمؓႿ੪Ⴓ܂ႋ৽ഈ༯Ⴓᆭ100%ડၩ؇ൈᆷ٤ӈࢤ࣍100%֥མડၩ؇.ࡗ֥ڛༀᇉਈथҦิ܂ંٳ༅,ᇶေܱᇿၛ༯۴ऌડၩ؇֥҂թᄝඹᇕ౦ঃ:1)Ⴓग़ؓ໙ี:1)ᄝ۳קᇶี܄ჳڛༀᇉਈ֥౦ঃ༯,੪Ⴟ੪ྛഠട֥ࠣڛༀડၩ,ؓႿᇶี܄ჳڛༀડྛഠೂޅቓԛቋႪᇉਈथҦ;2)ᇶี܄ჳೂޅ႕ၩ,ۀੱູsS,੪ྛഠીႵാ;2)Ⴓग़ؓႿ੪ྛཙ੪ྛഠ֥ቋႪथҦ;3)֒؟۱੪ྛഠཌྷࣩᆚഠട֥ࠣڛༀ҂ડၩ,ؓႿᇶี܄ჳิ܂֥ڛༀൈ,੪ྛഠᆭࡗೂޅ๙ݖѰᒮ֤֞ቋႪᇉਈथҦ.ડၩ,ۀੱູ(1-s)S,੪ྛഠ֥ാູ)Ⴓ੪Ⴓఒြڛༀᇉਈ၂ᆰ൞੪Ⴓྛြ࣮֥ग़ؓႿ੪ྛഠട֥ࠣڛༀડၩ,ؓႿᇶี܄ჳิಣׄ໙ี.H[5]arringtoބAkehurstٳ༅ਔႇݓࣵ܂֥ڛༀ҂ડၩ,ۀੱູs(1-S),੪ྛഠ֥ാြ֥ڛༀᇉਈބఒြིࠛᆭࡗ֥ܱ༢.Lamބູ)Ⴓग़ؓႿ੪ྛഠട֥ࠣڛༀ҂ડၩ,ؓ[6]Zhang๙ݖၹሰٳ༅֥ٚمฐษਔڛༀၹೂႿᇶี܄ჳิ܂֥ڛༀ္҂ડၩ,ۀੱູ(1-ޅ႕ཙܤग़֥௹ຬaۋᆩބቋᇔ֥ડၩ؇ඣ.s)(1-S),੪ྛഠ֥ാູC.ၛഈ֥ാॖିЇGursoy֩[7]๙ݖܱڛༀᇉਈѓሙটޙਈਔ10ݣ:ԩႳग़֥,ුؓႿലუ֥႕ཙ,Ⴓग़֥҂۱ᇶေ֥ૅݓݴॢ܄ඳ֥ൌ࠽ڛༀіགྷ,ၛࠣᆃડ౦࿂ջট֥҂ކ֥ാ.֩ൌᇏ,ؓႿᆰࢤུ܄ඳ۴ऌሱദڛༀหᆘ֥ק,໊ൈ္ؓݴॢ֥ാೂԩුбࢠಸၞҩਈ,ॖၛ๙ݖ൲ު܄ඳ֥ڛༀᇉਈࣉྛਔஆ.G[8]arciaބTugoresཌྷܱ҆(ԩු֥҆)֥ӮЧটޙਈ.طؓษંਔࣩᆚ่ࡱ༯֥ࣵቋႪᇉਈथҦ.གྷႵ֥Ⴟࡗࢤാ֥ҩਈᄵ൞࿐ඌࢸ֥ี,ଢభഉໃ੪Ⴓྛြ֥ᇉਈ࣮؟ࠎႿֆ۱੪Ⴓڛༀߌࢫ,ႵࢠູӮඃ֥ٚم.ႮႿЧ໓ᇗׄᄝႿંഈ֥ಌഒؓ੪Ⴓ܂ႋ৽ᇏ؟۱ߌࢫᆭࡗڛༀᇉਈ֥ٳٳ༅,ാ֥ҩਈࡼቓໃট֥࣮ٚཟ.༅,ၛࠣ੪Ⴓ܂ႋ৽ڛༀิ܂അڛༀᇉਈथҦᆭᄵႮႿ੪ྛഠބᇶี܄ჳڛༀാϧط۳੪ྛࡗ֥ཌྷ႕ཙ.ၹՎ,๙ݖЧ໓֥࣮ିܔঔᅚ੪ഠջট֥ֆ໊௹ຬാູႳڛༀᇉਈ֥࣮ٓ,ຶپڶ੪Ⴓྛြ֥࣮ଽಸ,L(s)=(1-s)ScTO+s(1-S)cTP+ູႵི֥੪Ⴓ܂ႋ৽ڛༀᇉਈܵิ܂ં၇ऌ. (1-s)(1-S)C(1)ႮႿॉ੮֥൞੪ྛഠ,ၹՎေϜᇶี܄ჳڛ1 ژݼބࡌഡༀջট֥ാัԢ,ၹູᆃ҆ٳാ੪ྛഠم๙ݖथҦ႕ཙ.֒੪ྛഠ֥ڛༀડၩ؇ູ100%Ч໓ॉ੮֥੪Ⴓ܂ႋ৽ଆЇݣֆ۱੪ྛഠൈ,L(1)=(1-S)cTP.ପહቋᇔႮႿ੪ྛഠሱദބֆ۱ᇶี܄ჳ.੪ྛഠڵᄳႳग़ྛӱνஆaӚਇ֥ڛༀാϧӁള֥ֆ໊௹ຬാູᄎൻ,ႄ֝ܓaνஆҔႂ,ၛࠣᇾී֩.ᇶี܄ჳK(s)=L(s)-L(1)=(1-s)ScTO-ቔູ੪Ⴓᇶေଢֹ֥ᆭ၂,ൈ္൞་ႄႳग़֥ (1-s)(1-S)cTP+(1-s)(1-S)C(2)ᇶေཛଢ,ڵᄳႳग़֥ނྏุဒ.ࣉ၂҄ࡌഡC>cTO+cTP,іൕാऎႵᄹਈڛༀ֥ᇉਈ๙ݖႳग़֥ડၩ؇টޙਈ.ડၩིႋ C=C-(cTO+cTP).২ೂ,੪ྛഠູਔࢫസ؇іൕਔડၩႳग़ᅝಆุႳग़ඔਈ֥Ϥٳб,ࠧӮЧνஆႳग़ೆᇾ֖֮Ց֥џܶ.ᆃུџܶສສႳग़ડၩ֥ۀ.ੱ੪ྛഠડၩ؇ູs#[s,1],і໊ႿӬ൧֥шჸ,ᕶᄖ֥ߌ,ᆺิ܂ࠎЧ֥ڛༀൕؓႿ੪ྛഠڛༀᇉਈડၩ֥Ⴓग़ᅝႳग़ሹඔ֥(ೂીႵॢט),Ⴓग़ᄝ၂฿֥ႳফᆭჅ֤҂֞Ϥٳб.҂ડၩটჷႿݖ؟֥ܓνஆ,֮Ⴟ௹ຬਅݺ֥ྨ༏ބ٢.ᄝֻؽ฿ᇶี܄ჳႳফ֥ݖ֥Ҕႂބܿ۬ࢠ֥֮੪.ఃᇏs>0ູડၩ؇֥ӱᇏ,ದჴႚࠪ,ླေႳग़ࢠӉൈࡗ֥ஆؒႳທ၂
ֻ3௹ဗ ඎ֩:੪Ⴓ܂ႋ৽ቋႪڛༀᇉਈथҦ∀39∀۱ཛଢ,ીႵቀܔิ܂ྨ༏ഡീ.ᄦ֥ڛༀࡆ100%;ఃᇏ:खਔႳग़ڵ૫ႆའ,ପહႳग़ॖିಪູᆜ۱Ⴓফݖӱ൞ാϧ֥,ᆃ۳੪ྛഠջট֥ാေჹჹնc=2 -(1-S) C,( +!S+1)ႿഈඍਆᇕႮႿֆ۱ࢨ؍҂ડӁള֥ാᆭބ.c=2s -(1-S) CҕॉG[8]a( +!S-1+2s)rciaބTugoresაྸૼߩ֩[9]֥ഡᇂ,੪ྛഠิ܂ડၩ؇s֥ӮЧູ 2s( >0)іק၂۳ԛਔቀܔն֥మᄝ൧ӆܿଆ༯҂ൕડၩ؇ؓႋ֥ሧ,ೂჴ۽֥,ຩഈרܓ༢ӮЧൈ੪ྛഠ֥ቋႪڛༀᇉਈҦ.ᄝႮႿႳग़֩.҂ડ෮Ӂള֥ӮЧ҂ն֥ൈ,ީ੪ྛഠູਔࢆ֮൧ӆླაܤग़ડၩ؇թᄝᆞཌྷ,ܱࠧD(s)=ӮЧ,ᄵ࿊ᄴ֮ᇉਈڛༀ.طᄝႳग़҂ડ෮Ӂള֥( +!S)+s.ఃᇏ іൕమᄝ൧ӆܿଆ,!ᄵіൕӮЧޓնൈ,੪ྛഠсྶؓڛༀᇉਈቓԛڿࣉ,࣐൧ӆླؓႿᇶี܄ჳڛༀᇉਈш࠽႕ཙ.ཌྟॖି֥ᆚ౼ղ֞ቋ֥ۚڛༀᇉਈ.֒҂ડႄఏ֥ླݦඔ൞ᇉਈٳ༅ᇏӈႨ֥ྙൔ,ೂྸૼߩാᄝ၂קٓຶᆭଽ֥ൈ,ީթᄝሢ၂۱ቋႪ֥֩[9]ބBanker֩[10].֒ᇶี܄ჳ֥Ⴓग़ླӑડၩ؇ඣ,੪ྛഠ֥ӮЧቋཬ.ԛਔᇶี܄ჳ֥ಸਈཋᇅൈ,ཌྟݦඔࡼ҂ᄝൡ*Ⴈྟᇉ∀c∀c∀s1 0,.২ೂ:ְථୄऋग़൙ࡱ.ᄝᆃᇕ౦ঃ༯,ᇶี܄∀ =Cd <0,C∀ >Cჳ۷ࡆܱᇿ֥൞ః҂ປ֥ܵ෮ջটലუഈ֥ྟᇉ၂іૼ֒ാ֥ᄹਈࡆնൈ,ਆ۱ܱ֥ᇗնാ,ၛࠣາࠏܵ.Ч໓࣮֥МࣟഡקᄝӮЧनཌྷږ؇֥༯ࢆ.ࢲކק၂ॖၛ֤:֞੪ྛ۷ູܼ֥ٗ၂Ϯ౦ࣟ,ࠧᇶี܄ჳ֥ླ֮Ⴟఃಸਈཋᇅ,ીႵടࠣᆃᇕ ห൹!֥౦ঃഠൌྛቋ֮ᇉਈ֥ӮЧॢࡗࡨഒ,طൌྛቋۚડၩ.ሸഈ෮ඍ؇Ҧ֥ॢࡗᄹն.൞ႮႿਆ۱ܱӮЧ༯ࢆږ,੪ྛഠሹӮЧॖၛіൕູ2؇ཌྷ,ܣࡗ(c,c)Ӊ؇c-cѩીႵෛሢാᄹਈTC(s)=D(s)K(s)+ s(3)ࡆնطࡨཬ,ؓႋሢࡗ(c,c)ଽ֥ቋႪડၩ؇ඣK=ScTO+(1-S)(C-cTP)=cTO+(1-S) C,ᄵ੪ྛഠ֥ଢѓݦඔູᄵཌྷႋᄹࡆ.ሸކॖၛु֞ാ֥ᄹਈࢠն֥౦ঃM༯,੪ྛഠ۷ॖିิ܂ۚᇉਈ֥ڛༀ.inTC(s)=( -K2)s+(1- -!S)Ks+ K( +!S)(4)ྟᇉ2 1)ೂݔ C2! <2,ᄵ֒S=( +1)2 ੪ྛഠ֥ቋႪڛༀᇉਈ࿊ᄴMin2 +1,1ൈcթᄝቋཬᆴ;! -C!Чࢫٳ༅ᄝ҂൧ӆܿଆ༯੪ྛഠ֥ڛༀᇉ2)ೂݔ C2! s<( 2,ᄵ֒S=ਈ+2s-1),ၹՎࡌഡᇶี܄ჳ֥ڛༀᇉਈၘᆩ.Վൈ൧ӆॖၛٳູమᄝ൧ӆܿଆࢠն( +!S>1)ބమᄝ൧ӆMin2 s +2s+1! C-!,1ൈcթᄝቋཬᆴ;ܿଆࢠཬ( +!S<1). మᄝ൧ӆܿଆࢠն3)ೂݔ1+2s% +!<1+2s+!,ᄵS=൧ӆܿଆބᇶี܄ჳ֥ଢѓ൧ӆק໊Ⴕሢࣅૡ1- +2s!ൈ(c,c)ऎႵቋնᆴ(c-c)max= (֥৳༢,ೂၛႳুູᇶ֥ཐְۖථୄুჳᆌؓݙሰބ୍ದ,ႚႵཐۖބଽֹऍն֥ग़ಕ.(1-s);ೂݔ +!<1+2s,ᄵS=1ൈ(c-c)ऎႵק1 ֒ +!S>1ൈ∃,1)ೂݔCTO%c,੪(1+s)ྛഠቋႪᇉਈູs;2)ೂݔcTO#(c,c),੪ྛഠቋႪቋնᆴ2 ( +!-1)(1-s)(c-c)Max=( .+!+1)( +!-1+2s)ᇉਈ*( +!S-1)[cTO+(1-S) C]s=ೂݔ2[ -cTO-(1-S) ;3)C]ܱാӮЧc(c)ෛሢᇶี܄ჳ֥ડၩcTO&ccTO∋ -(1-S) C,੪ྛഠቋႪᇉਈູ؇༵ࡨཬުᄹն,թᄝቋཬᆴ.طࡗ(c,c)Ӊ∃෮Ⴕקބྟᇉ֥ᆣૼॖཟቔᆀ෬౼,ࠇᄝཌ໓֖:
∀40∀ܵ ॓ ࿐ ࿐ Б2009୍6ᄅ؇ᄵෛሢᇶี܄ჳડၩ؇S༵ᄹࡆުࡨཬ,թᄝሢാᄹਈ֥ิۚطࡨཬ.ൈ*,cෛሢS֥э߄ቋնᆴ.ႮႿs<1,ၹՎcބc҂ିൈղ֞ቋཬ༵ࡨཬުᄹն,թᄝቋཬᆴׄ.֒൧ӆܿଆࢠཬ֥ᆴ.ࡗ(c,c)Ӊ؇ᄝބാ֥ᄹਈ.ܱ֒1+ൈީ,ᇶี܄ჳ๙ݖഡᇂሱദ֥ڛༀඣS,টࠗ2s% +!<1+2s+!ൈ,ቋն֥ࡗӉ؇ູৣ੪ྛഠ۷նॖି֥ҐႨቋۚڛༀᇉਈ.(1-s) ৫Ⴟ൧ӆܿଆ ބᇶี܄ჳڛༀؓ(1+3 ᇶี܄ჳڛༀᇉਈؓႿ੪ྛഠڛs)Ⴟླ֥ш࠽႕ཙ!.ༀᇉਈ࿊ᄴ֥႕ཙགྷൌᇏᇶี܄ჳ༐ຬ੪ྛഠିܔิۚሱദ֥ڛༀᇉਈඣ,ࠧႳग़֥ડၩ؇.ྟᇉ2ູᇶี܄੪ྛഠڛༀᇉਈ֥࿊ᄴ൳֞ᇶี܄ჳڛༀᇉਈჳิ܂ਔࠗৣ֥൭؍.ႮႿᇶี܄ჳॖି҂ਔࢳS֥႕ཙ,หљ֥֒ <1, +!>1ൈ,ᆃᇕ౦ঃ༯,੪ྛഠऎุ֥ӮЧാ,ၹՎॖၛಪູ੪ྛഠ֥ᇶี܄ჳॖၛ๙ݖڿэሱദ֥ڛༀඣ,টڿэమӮЧڛՖଖ၂ࡗଽ֥नᄋٳ,҃҂ٞഡູ(0,ᄝ൧ӆܿଆ,ॴᄀਢࢸᆴ,ׄՖط႕ཙ੪ྛഠ֥cmax],ᄵ[c,c]#(0,cmax].֒cTO#(0,c)ൈ,੪࿊ᄴ.ྛഠቋႪᇉਈູs,ՎൈؓႋሢᄝӮЧनᄋٳ่҃ྟᇉ*4 1)֒ +!S<1ൈ,c<c<c;2)ࡱ༯֒ +!*S=1ൈ,c=c=c;3)֒ +!S>1ൈ,cTO#(0,c)֥ۀੱູc.,ೂݔcTO#*cmaxc>c>c.(c,c)ࠇcTO#(c,cmax],੪ྛഠቋႪᇉਈ*sࠇྟᇉ 4ᇕ*1-S=!ູ۱ܱാӮЧ֥100%,ٳљؓႋሢۀੱູc-cބcmax-c.ܣ๙ݖcmaxcmaxٳࢸ.ׄҕඔ֥؟ဢྟ۳ંٳ༅ջটਔ,ࢆ֮cބc,ᇶี܄ჳॖၛՖۀੱഈᄹࡆ੪ྛഠิمᆌؓ෮Ⴕ౦ঃ,۳ԛथҦሙᄵ.1൞ఃᇏ၂ᇕ܂ۚᇉਈڛༀ*(sࠇ100%ڛༀᇉਈ)֥ॖିྟ.ׅ֥౦ঃ,ၘࣜିԉٳඪૼЧ໓֥ܴ.ׄ1 మᄝ൧ӆܿଆࢠཬᇅਔ*cacބcٳљܱႿS֤ཞ,ఃᇏcބcٳљЧࢫ֥ษંమᄝ֥൧ӆܿଆࢠཬ֥౦ঃ.ೂཬ֥ᇶี܄ჳᆌؓଖ၂༥ٳ൧ӆ,ࠇᆀֹ൧Ⴈྴཌіൕ.ᇏAބBთᄝᆰཌ*1- S=!ӆ֥ቐҧ,A໊Ⴟ౷ཌ*cഈҧ,B໊Ⴟ༯ҧ.CaD.ೂ฿ࣃўݚݴଛᇶี܄ჳ,ק໊Ⴟफ൙ιݺᆀ,మᄝ֥൧ӆܿଆཌྷؓࢠཬ.ބEთ໊Ⴟᆰཌ*S=1- ֥Ⴗҧ,ఃᇏCק!2 ֒ +!<1ൈ,1)ೂݔ*cTO<ccTO∋ -(1-S) C,੪ྛഠቋႪᇉਈູთᄝc֥ഈҧ,Dთᄝ౷ཌcބcᆭࡗ,Eთ໊s;2)֒*Ⴟ౷ཌc֥༯ҧ.۱҂֥თսіሢ҂֥cTO>c੪ྛഠቋႪᇉਈູ100%;3)֒cTO=*c,ਆ۱ᇉਈथҦིݔཌྷ*.ఃᇏ؎ሙᄵ:ೂݔ੪ྛഠ֥ാӮЧઋೆࡗAބC,c= (1+s)-(( 1-S) C.+!S+s)ק2іૼཬ൧ӆܿଆ౦ঃ༯੪ྛഠᆺႵਆᇕҦࣉྛ࿊ᄴ:ᄝႳग़҂ડၩջট֥ӮЧാཬൈ,ᄵ࿊ᄴቋ֮ڛༀᇉਈ.طᄝႳग़҂ડၩջট֥ാնൈ,ᄵ࿊ᄴቋۚڛༀᇉਈ.Ⴓग़҂ડၩӁള֥ാնཬ๙ݖܱӮЧׄ*cটಒק.*ྟᇉ3∀c ∀ <0.ೂݔ C<! (1+s)C2,ᄵ֒( +s)S=Min (1+s) +s*թᄝቋཬᆴ1 ᇶี܄ჳڛༀᇉਈބܱാӮЧܱׄ༢. -,1ൈc!C!൧ӆܿଆࢠն֥౦ঃ༯োර,ܱӮЧෛofthemeparkandkeylosscost
ֻ3௹ဗ ඎ֩:੪Ⴓ܂ႋ৽ቋႪڛༀᇉਈथҦ∀41∀ᄵ࿊ᄴቋۚڛༀᇉਈ;ೂݔ੪ྛഠ֥ӮЧઋೆBሢሱദڛༀඣ֥ิۚطᄹࡆ,طෛሢ੪ྛഠjބE,ᄵ࿊ᄴቋ֮ڛༀᇉਈ;ೂݔ੪ྛഠ֥ӮЧઋ֥ڛༀඣิۚط༯ࢆ(ඪૼ۷؟֥Ⴓग़࿊ᄴਔೆD,ᄵ࿊ᄴڛༀᇉਈ*s.੪ྛഠj).ླݦඔູ1ᇏׄ1∀13ٳљսіሢ੪ྛഠ҂֥Di(si)=( +!S)+si-#sj(5)ാӮЧ,ఃᇏ1#A,5,9,12#B,2,6#C,3,7,ູࡥ߄ٳ༅ࡌഡ:1)ਆ۱੪ྛഠ֥ӮЧࢲܒཌྷ11#D,4,8,10,12,14#E.ᇏ֥13۱ׄܒӮਔ,ູࠧ 2si;2)ാӮЧᄹਈིႋཌྷ,ࠧ Ci=ඹᇕሑሇ၍ٚൔ:1)ׄ1∀4,Ԛൈ,੪ྛഠ࿊ Cj= C.ପહ੪ྛഠi֥ሹӮЧູ(ఃᇏKi=ᄴቋႪڛༀᇉਈ,ෛሢᇶี܄ჳڛༀᇉਈ֥ิۚc,i+(1-S) Ci)ሑႮ1ሇູ2.Վൈ,੪ྛഠ၇ಖቋႪڛༀᇉਈ.TC2i(si)=( -Ki)si+(1+#sj- -!S)Ksi+ط֒S࿃ᄹࡆ֞ׄ3ൈ,੪ྛഠࢆ֮ڛༀᇉਈ Ki( +!S-#sj)(6)֞*s.ቋᇔᄝׄ4ൈ,੪ྛഠҐႨቋ֮ڛༀᇉਈ;ೂݔ੪ྛഠiᆩ֡੪ྛഠj֥ڛༀᇉਈथҦ,2)ׄ5∀8,Ԛൈ,੪ྛഠ࿊ᄴቋ֮ڛༀᇉਈ,ෛࠧ੪ྛഠiᄝjथҦᆭުྛ,ପહ੪ྛഠi֥थሢᇶี܄ჳڛༀᇉਈ֥ิ,ۚࠧ֞ղׄ6ൈ,੪ྛҦݖӱॖၛႨഈ૫֥ଆࣉྛٳ༅.֒ਆ۱੪ഠሇэҦ,ൌྛቋۚڛༀᇉਈ.ࢤ༯ট֥ݖӱྛഠൈथҦൈ,ପહ౦ঃࣼэ֤ٳگᄖ.ॉ੮ֻ၂ᇕ౦ঃোර,Ⴎׄ6֞7ᄝ֞8,੪ྛഠ֥ڛ֞ᄝ൧ӆܿଆࢠն౦ঃ༯थҦ֥گᄖྟބږ֥ༀᇉਈ҂؎༯ࢆ,Ⴎቋۚڛༀᇉਈ֞*sᄜ֞ቋ֮ཋᇅ,Ч໓ࣇ࿊౼ᄝమᄝ൧ӆܿଆࢠཬ֥ൈީࣉڛༀᇉਈ;3)ׄ9∀12,Ԛൈ,੪ྛഠ࿊ᄴቋ֮ྛඪૼ.మᄝ൧ӆܿଆཬᆷ +!S<1+#s,ࠧؓႿڛༀᇉਈ.֒ᇶี܄ჳڛༀᇉਈิۚѩӑݖ1- ੪ྛഠiটඪЌᆣ +!S<1+#sj.ޓૼཁ,Վൈ੪ྛ!ഠiᆺႵਆᇕ࿊ᄴ:ቋ֮ڛༀᇉਈބቋۚڛༀᇉਈ.֞ղׄ10,੪ྛഠѩ҂ླေڿэҦ.طᇶี܄ק3 1)ೂݔci%c)ci∋ -(1-ჳڛༀඣ֞ղׄ11ൈ,੪ྛഠࡼҦэູ*) C,੪ྛഠiᄴቋ֮ڛༀᇉਈ;2)ೂݔ֒ci&ቋᇔᄝׄ12ԩ,ҦႻэ߭ቋ֮ڛༀᇉਈ.4)ׄc),੪ྛഠi࿊ᄴቋۚڛༀᇉਈ.ఃᇏc)=13∀ׄ14,ھᇕ౦ঃ༯,੪ྛഠ֥ڛༀᇉਈᄝᇶ (1+s)ี܄ჳڛༀᇉਈэ֥ݖӱᇏીႵޅڿэ.( -(1-S) C,c))=+!S+s-#s)۴ऌഈඍٳ༅֤֞ೂ༯ఓൕ:1)ᇶี܄ჳڛ (1+s)ༀᇉਈᄹࡆѩ҂ିЌᆣ੪ྛഠڛༀᇉਈཌྷႋ֥ᄹ( +!S+s-#-(1-S) C.)ࡆ,ॖି҂эࠇ༯ࢆ,ೂ13∀14ބ)ೂೂ੪ྛഠi֥ാӮЧડቀഈඍਆᇕ่ࡱ,ᇶี܄ჳᆩ֡੪ྛഠാӮЧ,ᄝֻؽaᇕ౦ঃᄵ੪ྛഠi҂ླေᆩ֡੪ྛഠj֥࿊ᄴ,ࠧॖၛቓ༯,ॖၛ๙ݖᄹࡆሱദ֥ڛༀᇉਈࠗৣ੪ྛഠิԛሱദ֥࿊ᄴ.ೂݔ੪ྛഠi֥ാӮЧડቀci#ۚڛༀᇉਈ,ೂ5∀6ބ9∀)֒੪ྛഠၘࣜ(c),c))ପહ,ః࿊ᄴࡼ૫ਢ.੪ྛഠiᆩ֡ؓ࿊ᄴቋႪڛༀᇉਈൈ,ᇶี܄ჳᄹࡆሱദ֥ڛༀႿ੪ྛഠjсಖ߶ᄝቋ֮ڛༀᇉਈބቋۚڛༀᇉᇉਈ,ّطႵॖି௧੪ྛഠࢆ֮ڛༀඣ,മᇀਈᆭᇏ࿊ᄴ၂۱.ೂݔ੪ྛഠj࿊ᄴቋ֮ڛༀᇉҐႨቋ֮ڛༀඣ,ೂ1∀4.ၹՎ,ᇶี܄ჳႵсਈ,ᄵ੪ྛഠi֥ቋႪ࿊ᄴູቋۚڛༀᇉਈ;ೂݔေؓႿ੪ྛഠႮႿڛༀ҂ડၩջটാ֥ࣉྛܙ੪ྛഠj֥࿊ᄴൈቋۚڛༀᇉਈ,ᄵ੪ྛഠi֥ቋ࠹,ՖطϺᇹሱദࣉྛथҦ.Ⴊ࿊ᄴ൞ቋ֮ڛༀᇉਈ.࣐ܵ੪ྛഠiمᄝ၂ՑथҦᇏቓԛቋႪ֥࿊ᄴ,ಏॖၛᄝ؟۱ࢨ؍҂4 ੪ྛഠචܪѰᒮଆ؎֥ؓሱ֥࠭थҦࣉྛטᆜ.২ೂ:੪ྛഠj֥ാӮЧડቀק่֥ࡱ(1),ᄵԚ࿊ᄴቋ੪Ⴓ൧ӆᇏສສթᄝሢ؟۱ཌྷࣩᆚ֥੪ྛ֮ڛༀᇉਈ.ೂݔ੪ྛഠi֥ാӮЧઋೆਔഠ,؟۱੪ྛഠࣩᆚ֥ଆ۷ࡆऎႵགྷൌၩၬ.ቋࡗ(c),c)),ᄵॖၛ൮༵࿊ᄴቋ֮ڛༀᇉਈ,ෛູࡥֆ֥౦ঃູਆ۱੪ྛഠܪѰᒮ,ഡਆ۱੪ሢ੪ྛഠiؿགྷ੪ྛഠj֥࿊ᄴູቋ֮ڛༀᇉਈ,ྛഠٳљູiބj.ପહ੪ྛഠi൧ӆླ҂ࣇࣇෛପહॖၛᄝ༯۱ࢨ؍טᆜҦູቋۚڛༀᇉ
∀42∀ܵ ॓ ࿐ ࿐ Б2009୍6ᄅਈ.֒ಖ,ᆃ൞ቋູࡥֆ֥၂ᇕ౦ঃ,൞ᄝ҂؎ഈ༯Ⴓఒြᆭࡗ֥ڛༀᇉਈ֥ཌྷ৳༢ބ႕ཙ.֥ᇗگѰᒮᇏ,੪ྛഠሹିᅳ֞ሱദ֥ቋႪҦ.ಖط,Ч໓၇ಖթᄝၛ༯अཋ.ྟ൮༵,ູਔษંഈ֥ٚьЧ໓ࣇࣇ࿊౼ਔڛༀᇉਈֆ၂֥ົ5 ࢲඏე؇.طགྷൌᇏ,Ⴓग़ԛྛສສߎॉ੮ࡎ۬ބఃၹ֥႕ཙ.ఃՑ,ᄝٳ༅චܪࣩᆚᇏ,ࣇษંਔЧ໓ٳ༅ਔЇࡎ੪Ⴓ܂ႋ৽ᇏ੪ྛഠ֥ቋႪమᄝ൧ӆԉٳཬൈ֥ֆ၂౦ঃ.ֻ,Ч໓ࣇࣇิᇉਈथҦ໙ี,֤֞ਔ(1)۳קᇶี܄ჳڛༀᇉ܂ਔંٳ༅.ၹՎ,ࡼট֥ٳ༅ॖၛႄೆ۷؟֥ਈൈ੪ྛഠ֥ቋႪथҦ;(2)ᇶี܄ჳڛༀᇉਈथҦົ؇aॉ੮؟ᇕ൧ӆ౦ঃބҐႨ۷ࡆࢤ࣍གྷؓႿ੪ྛഠ֥႕ཙൌ֥ݦඔྙൔটҀഈඍअཋ,࣮ӮݔൡႨ;(3)թᄝචܪࣩᆚൈ֥੪ྛഠቋႪथҦ.Ч໓ࡼଢభ੪ႳྛြؓႿֆ۱҆Ⴟ۷؟֥གྷൌ౦ঃ.ൈބऎႵᆌؓྟ֥ൌ২ཌྷࢲᇉਈ֥࣮ঔᅚ֞؟۱ࢨ؍,ѩࢣൕԛ੪Ⴓ܂ႋ৽ކ,ູ੪Ⴓ܂ႋ৽ᇉਈथҦิ܂Ⴕ৯֥ൌᆣٳ༅.ҕॉ໓ང[1]AugustynM,[J].JournalofTravelResearch,1998,37(1):71∀75.[2]Medina MunozRD,Medina MunozDR,Garca ∗controlonaccommo dationcompanies:Anempiricalevidence[J].TourismManagement,2003,24(2):135∀147.[3]BastakisC,BuhalisD,∗powerineasternmediterranean[J].TourismManagement,2004,25(2):151∀170.[4]ۚԉဎ,ࡉࡹ.ܤग़ડၩ؇҂ಒקྟؓڛༀᇉਈࡎ֥႕ཙ[J].ܵ॓࿐࿐Б,2007,10(2):39∀,[J].JournalofManage mentSciencesinChina,2007,10(2):39∀47.(inChinese)[5]HarringtoD,AkehurstG,ServicequalityandbusinessperformanceintheUKhotelindustry[J].InternationalJournalofHospitalityManagement,1996,15(3):283∀298.[6]LamT,:ThecaseoftravelagentsinHongKong[J].TourismManagement,1999,20(3):341∀349.[7]GursoyD,KimHJ,[J].TourismManagement,2005,26(1):57∀67.[8]GarciaD,[J].AnnalsofTourismResearch,2006,33(2):456∀469.[9]ྸૼߩ,Ⴟ ې,ᅦݱ.ऎСิ܂ڛༀ֥܂ႋ৽Ѱᒮٳ༅[J].ܵ॓࿐࿐Б,2006,9(2):18∀,iYuGnag,[J].JournalofManagementSciencesinChina,2006,9(2):18∀26.(inChinese)[10]BankerRD,KhoslaI,[J].ManagementScience,1998,44(9):1179∀,DUShao fu,LIANGLiang,DONGJun fengManagementSchoo,lUniversityofScience&TechnologyofChina,Heifei230026,ChinaAbstract:
ֻ3௹ဗ ඎ֩:੪Ⴓ܂ႋ৽ቋႪڛༀᇉਈथҦ∀43∀∗sservicequalityisnotnecessarilytomo , :tourismsupplychain;packageholidays;servicequality;gametheory(ഈࢤֻ11်)[25]ӱഒԫ,ᅦழᇸ.ሰ܄܋նଷ֥ྐ༏ቆᆮഡ࠹࣮[J].༆νࢌ๙ն࿐࿐Б(ഠ߶॓࿐ϱ),2001,21(1):42∀,[J].JournalofXi∗anJiaotongUniversity(Social),2001,21(1):42∀47.(inChinese)[26]ܤࠎؿ,น༌࣋.ႵܱሸކࠢӮ࣮֥ۄࣉᅚ[C].༆҆षؿა༢۽ӱ(ᇏݓ༢۽ӱ࿐߶ֻ12ࢽ୍߶ં໓ࠢ),Кࣘ:ݚလԛϱഠ,∀, systemic[C].WestDevelopmentandSystemEngineering(the12thConfer enceProceedingofChineseSystemEngineering).Beijing:HaiyangPulicationPress,∀335.(inChinese)[27]ӱഒԫ,ᅦழᇸ,ૼ֣.ಕุݖӱྐ༏֥ඎሑࢲܒࠣקྟथҦ൬৻֥࣮ࣥ[J].༢۽ӱ࿐Б,2001,16(5):371∀,ZhangPengzhu, likestructureofgroupargumentationcommentsandthefocusmethodsforgroupdecision making[J].JournalofSystemEngineering,2001,16(5):371∀375.(inChinese)ResearchonintelligencevisualizationingroupargumentsupportsystemJIANGYu zhu,ZHANGPeng zhu,ZHANGXing xueAnTaiSchoolofManagemen,tShanghaiJiaotongUniversity,Shanghai200052,ChinaAbstract:,anin telligentvisualizationtechnologytoevaluate,,thestructureandtherelationshipsofargumentinformation,ac cordingtosemanticrelationship,weadvancedtheconceptionofconsensuspointaggregate,branchingpointaggregate,anddisputedpointaggregate,thenbyintegratingfourIndices,namely,theconsensuslevelandtheconsensusstatus,attentionlevelandtheattentionstatus,consensusleveltrend,attentionleveltrend,Wenotonlybuiltthemodelofintelligencevisualization,butalsedesignedandimplementedthevisualizationsystem,whichisbasedontheweb,usingthetechnologyofJava&,usinganexample,wedemonstratedtheapplicationofthevisualizationsystem,anddesignedanexperimenttoanalyzetheeffectofintelligentvisu :groupargumentsupportsystem;intelligentvisualization;consensusevaluation&consensusfore cas;tconsensusanalyses
