ֻ21ज ֻ2௹࣮აؿᅚ୍ܵ4ᄅR&໓ᅣщݼ:1004-8308(2009)02-088-08ఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູ႕ཙၹ֥ൌᆣ࣮胡恩华1,单红梅1,2,刘光平1,毛绚澜1(1.ଲࣘݴॢݴ฿ն࿐ࣜ࠶აܵ࿐ჽ,ଲࣘ 210016;2.ଲࣘದ१࿐ჽ,ଲࣘ 210042) ᅋ ေ:ࠎႿఒြࠢಕԷྍં,࿊ᄴӉ࢘҂ֹ֥۱҂ؿᅚଆൔ֥ఒြࠢಕ,൬ࠢਔ262۱ဢЧඔऌ,ၛAMOS410ބSPSS1115ೈࡱЇؓဢЧඔऌࣉྛฐ෬ྟၹሰٳ༅ބဒᆣྟၹሰٳ༅,ѩᄎႨ؟ჭ݂߭ٳ༅ဒᆣਔॖି႕ཙࠢಕԷྍྛູ֥6۱ࡌഡ.࣮ࢲݔіૼ,Էྍି৯a๙aඌି৯ބቆᆮܵၹؓఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູႵཁᇷ႕ཙ;ሧჷބཌྷྐၹؓఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູીႵཁᇷ႕ཙ.࣮ࢲݔؓᆷ֝ݓఒြࠢಕԷྍ֥ؿᅚऎႵᇗေ֥ҕॉࡎᆴ.ܱՍ:ఒြࠢಕ;ఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູ;႕ཙၹᇏٳোݼ:F270 ໓ངѓ്ݼ:Aෛሢࣜ࠶ྐ༏߄aຩ߄aಆ౯߄ၛࠣྍඌ۪ଁ֥ࡆ,Էྍರၭӯགྷԛૼཁ֥ࠢಕؿᅚ൝.[1]PorterބAsheim[2]֩࿐ᆀၛնਈ֥൙ൌᆣૼ,གྷսఒြ֥ඌԷྍ,ᄝॢࡗഈіགྷູૼཁ֥ࠢಕٳ҃หᆘ;ᄝٚൔഈᄵႮݖಀֆ۱ٳఒြ֥৫ྛູമᇀᆺ൞ఒြࡅ֥ொݺ,ᄀটᄀౠཟႿᇙ؟ఒြऊࠢطҐ౼ࠢಕྛ,ູՖطࠆ֤ࠢಕԷྍႪ൝.Ч໓Ϝᆃᇕ๙ݖࠢಕ(ၛህြ߄ٳ۽ބླྀቔູࠎԤ֥၂ӁြࠇཌྷܱӁြ֥ఒြ,๙ݖֹ໊ᇂഈ֥ࠢᇏࠇौ࣍)ࣉྛԷྍ,๙ݖᆞൔބ٤ᆞൔ֥ٚൔ,՜ࣉᆩ്ބିᄝࠢಕଽ҆Էᄯaԥթaሇ၍ބႋႨ֥۲ᇕࠃطӁള֥Էྍऊིࠢႋ,ࠆ֤ࠢಕԷྍႪ൝֥ԷྍྛູӫቔఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູ[3].ᄝၘႵ֥ఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູ࣮ٚ૫,ն؟ࠢᇏႿࠢಕԷྍ֥ߌ[4]aᆟҦ[5]aֹॢࡗ[6]aຩ[7],֩ؓఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູ႕ཙၹಌഒ࣮.࣐࣮ܵᆀ௴ђಪູ႕ཙఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູ֥ၹऎႵ҂ಒקྟބگᄖྟ,֝ᇁࠢಕఒြԷྍྛູؿള֥႕ཙၹಏ൞ཌྷؓಒק֥[8].Ֆંഈඪ,აఒြࠢಕԷྍႵܱ֥ޅၹႵॖି႕ཙࠢಕఒြԷྍྛູ֥ؿള.൞,ѩ٤෮ႵაఒြࠢಕԷྍཌྷܱ֥ၹ߶ؓఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູӁളཁᇷ႕ཙ.Ч໓ܱႿఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູ႕ཙၹ֥ቆӮ,ॖၛՖࠢಕఒြ֥Էྍྛູ֤ၛؿളѩିႵིᄎྛ֥࢘؇টࣉྛٳ༅.ေປӮࠢಕఒြᆭࡗ֥ކቔԷྍ,сྶႵದaҍaඌ֩ሧჷေ֥,ೆᆃུሧჷေႻсྶᄝ၂ק֥ቆᆮྙൔބܵٚൔ༯Ҍିषᅚ۽ቔ.ऎСഈඍсေ่ࡱު,ေࠢಕఒြᆭࡗ֥Էྍྛູ֤ၛؿളބඨ০ࣉ,ྛߎсྶႵЌӻࠢಕఒြᆭࡗ֥ྐ༏ӎ๙a๙ьࢮ֥ࠏᇅ,сྶႵࠢಕఒြᆭࡗཌྷྐ֥ࠏᇅ,֩টჷႿࠢಕఒြ֥ᆃུ҂ٚ૫֥႕ཙၹ܋ቆӮਔఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູ֥႕ཙၹࠢ.ᄝՎࠎԤഈ,Ч໓ҕᅶH[9][10obdayބRushၛࠣSteinleބ]Schiele֩࿐ᆀ֥࣮Ӯݔ,ᇶေՖԷྍି৯aሧჷa๙aཌྷྐaඌି৯aቆᆮܵੂ۱ٚ૫ؓ႕ཙఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູၹࣉྛൌᆣٳ༅,ၛࢣൕ႕ཙၹ֥э߄൞֝ᇁఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູႤགྷԛگᄖྟ֥ᇶေჰၹ.1 ࡌഡဆ111 Էྍି৯ၹაఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູࡗ֥ܱ༢Ӊ௹ԩႿ၂ֹთٓຶଽՖ൙ཌྷࠇཌྷරളӁࣜႏࠃ֥ࠢಕఒြ,ࠎႿӉࣲၛটྙӮ֥࿓ჸaֹჸބြჸܱ༢,ສສдՎࡗູࠞਔࢳཌྷྐঠ,ᆃࠞնֹ՜ࣉਔࠢಕఒြᆭࡗሧჷࢌߐބሧჷᆜ ൬۠ರ௹:2008-07-29;ྩڿರ௹:2009-03-09. ࠎࣁཛଢ:ଲࣘݴॢݴ฿ն࿐ഠ॓ࠎࣁཛଢ(V0854091);ଲࣘݴॢݴ฿ն࿐ದҌఓࠎࣁཛଢ;ࡾ්സ॓ླྀᇗׄೈ॓࿐ࠎࣁཛଢ(R0705);ଲࣘݴॢݴ฿ն࿐ӁြቆᆮაඌԷྍؒ৳ކሧᇹ. ቔᆀࡥࢺ:ޱض(1971)),ଳ,Ѱൖ,࢝൱,࣮ٚཟູඌԷྍބگᄖྟܵ.
ֻ2௹ޱض֩:ఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູ႕ཙၹ֥ൌᆣ࣮89ކࠃَ֥ؿള[11].Mansfieldಪ,ູӎ๙֥ࠢಕଽఒြᆭࡗሧჷࢌߐބᆜކ౻֡ಕଽఒြ҂ࣇॖၛᆰࢤ০ႨሱദᅝႵ֥ሧჷ,طॖၛࡗࢤֹ০Ⴈ۷؟֥ࠢಕଽ٤ሱႵሧჷ,ঔᅚਔࠢಕఒြႪ߄ᇂሧჷ֥шࢸބིੱ[]obdayބRushᆷԛ,ႮԷྍఒြྙӮ֥ކቔԷྍ֥ؒሧჷࢌߐބᆜކି৯(Їওॴఒြ֥ླྀטି৯,ၛࠣؓຓܓઙaซaඌࠆ౼֩ି৯)ؓࠢಕଽఒြ֥Էྍྛູᇀܱᇗေ.KieronބM[12]ark࣮ؿགྷ,ࠢಕԷྍఒြᆭࡗ๙ݖԷྍຩቆᆮ҂ࣇႵᇹႿֆ۱Էྍఒြٚьಸၞֹཟྛࠣఃഈ༯Ⴓఒြܓઙaҷࢹ֩ٚൔࠢऊ֞ൌീԷྍ֥ሧࣁaഡСބჰҋਘࠣਬ҆ࡱ֩႗ࡱሧჷ,طႵᇹႿֆ۱ԷྍఒြൌീԷྍ෮ླ֥ᆩ്aି֩ೈࡱሧჷ.Jerez-GomezaCespedes-LorenteބValle-C[13]abrere࣮ਔࠢಕఒြ֥ቆᆮ࿐༝ؓࠢಕԷྍིࠛބࠢಕࣩᆚႪ൝֥႕ཙ,ಪູ၂۱ఒြေՖಸႋؓႮߌэ߄෮ႄఏ֥ರ఼ն֥ຓ҆৯,ࣼсྶӮູ၂۱Ⴕི֥࿐༝ᆀ,๙ݖིۚቆᆮ࿐༝֤ࠢಕఒြധҪՑ֥ܿٓࠇනົଆൔؿളڿэ,ᆃᇕڿэቋᇔ႕ཙ֞ࠢಕఒြ֥Էྍྛ[14].ູSahalᆷԛ,ࠢಕఒြุࠢ࿐༝ቔູ၂ᇕෆ෬ݖӱ,ॖၛࠢಕఒြᄝหק֥ඌࣉ҄ٚཟഈ,Ӂളඌิིۚႋ.້ࡾ[15]࣮ؿགྷ,ఒြࠢಕေൌགྷࠢಕԷྍ,ܱᄝႿਆׄ:၂൞ࠢಕӮჴࡗ๙ݖླྀטྟ֥ࠢಕ࿐༝ݖӱ,ྙӮᆩ്/܋ཚིႋ0;ؽ൞ေႵ၂ᇕਅྟࣩᆚࠏᇅࠗৣࠢಕӮჴࣉྛԷྍ,ࠧྙӮ/ིࠪႋ0,ࠢಕఒြॖၛᄝ/ۄᇏ࿐0a/Ⴈᇏ࿐0a/๙ݖཌྷቔႨط࿐༝0֥ݖӱᇏᄹ఼ሱദ֥Էྍି৯,ิۚࠢಕఒြ֥Էྍ҄ق.H1 ࠢಕ֥Էྍି৯ၹؓఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູႵཁᇷ႕ཙ.112 ሧჷၹაఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູࡗ֥ܱ༢C[16]ooperބKleinschmidt࣮іૼ,ҍሧჷ֥ԉቀؓఒြࠢಕԷྍӮۿႵཁᇷ႕ཙ,ᄝఒြࠢಕԷྍݖӱᇏ,၂קေႵ఼Ⴕ৯֥ҍༀ॥ᇅބᆦӻ[17].HillބBrennanᆷԛ,၂۱თऊࠢնਈದҌሧჷିࡨഒࠢಕఒြ֥ෆ࿙ӮЧ,ᄹࡆࠢಕఒြ֥စളބളթۀ,ੱႭఃؓႿၛඌԷྍູᇶ֥֝ྛြ.An-[18]tonelliಪູᄝ؟ඔӮඃ֥ࠢಕᇏ,๙ݖᆞܿ࢝ტྙӮཌྷܱӁြ֥ႅྟᆩ്ܒӮਔնਈದҌሧჷ֥ऊࠢ,ᆞ൞ૌࠢಕࣉ҄ѩؓࠢಕຓ૫֥ྍӮჴྙӮਔ་ႄ৯,ದҌሧჷၘӮູ႕ཙఒြࠢಕԷྍ֥ቋᇶေྙሧӁ,ದ৯ሧჷ֥ྟބࠢಕఒြ֥Էྍྛູթᄝཌྷܱ.ྟC[16][10]ooperaKleinschmidtބSteinleaSchieleಪູ,ۚҪܵᆀؓఒြࠢಕԷྍ֥ᆦӻބࢺೆაࠢಕԷྍྛູؿളႵᆰࢤܱ༢.Jerez-GomezaCespedes-LorenteބValle-C[13]abrere္֥࣮ಪ,ູۚҪܵᆀؓࠢಕԷྍᆦӻ֥৯؇൞ఒြࠢಕԷྍିڎඨ০ൌീ֥ᇗေၹ,ಌكۚҪܵᆀ֥ࢺೆࡼ߶ఒြࠢಕԷྍ၂֊ࣉೆൌീࢨ؍ࣼॖିԛགྷ໙ี.H2 ࠢಕ֥ሧჷၹؓఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູႵཁᇷ႕ཙ.113 ๙ၹაఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູࡗ֥ܱ༢[19]KleinބRosenberg֥৽ሑԷྍݖӱଆіૼ,ᄝࠢಕԷྍఒြଽ֥҆۲۱ߌࢫᆭࡗၛࠣԷྍఒြაຓ҆ߌᆭࡗթᄝնਈ֥ྐ༏ّঌ,۲ᇕԷྍఒြᆭࡗିڎႵֹིࣉྛྐ༏ࢌੀ൞ࠢಕԷྍӮۿ֥ᇗေၹ[20].SherwatބFallahಪູ,ࠢಕԷྍྛູაຩྐ༏Ԯ־ି৯ૡ్ཌྷ,ܱຩྐ༏Ԯ־ି৯൞थקࠢಕԷྍି৯֥ܱၹ.ᆩ്܋ཚຩ൞ࠢಕఒြࣉྛႵིބุི֥ۚࠢ࿐༝ࠎԤ,ࠢಕఒြᆭࡗྙӮ֥ᆩ്܋ཚຩ࠻൞ࣉྛุࠢ࿐༝֥ೈྟ/ࠎԤഡീ0,Ⴛ൞ุࠢ࿐༝Ӯݔ֥་൬ބሇ߄֥๙֡[21].D[7]avidಪູ,აࢠഒ֥܂ႋഅࠇܤग़ЌӻӉ௹a໗ק֥ܱ༢(఼৳༢),ѩაࠢಕᇏఃࠏܒЌӻ၂ק֥৳༢֥ఒြ,бᆺऎႵ఼৳༢ࠇᆺऎႵ৳༢֥ఒြିܔࠆ֤۷؟֥ᆩ്ၮԛ,ఒြ֥ຩࢲܒࠣఒြᄝຩᇏֹ໊֥थקఒြࠆ֤ᆩ്ၮԛ֥ඔਈ,ؓࠢಕఒြᅧ۷؟֥൧ӆ౦Бၛьቆᆮႋؓ൧ӆэ߄a࿐༝۷؟֥ᆩ്ބඌदౌӁളࠒࠞᆞ૫֥՜ࣉቔႨ.B[22]aptista࣮іૼ,ࠢಕԷྍ෮ླေ֥۲ᇕᆩ്ބྐ༏,дՎࡗ൞ၛຩ֥ྙൔཌྷ৵,ࠢಕԷྍ҂ࣇؿളᄝఒြଽ,҆طߎؿളᄝఒြა܂ႋഅaग़അၛࠣఃຓ҆ކቔࠄϴ֥۲۱ߌࢫᇏ,ఒြ෮ᄝთ֥෮ႵཌྷܱࠏܒაቆᆮьܒӮਔࠢಕఒြԷྍ֥ຩ༢,ࠢಕఒြ֥Էྍࣉӱ࣮ఃൌᇉ္ࣼ൞ᄝຩ༢ᇏ࿐༝֥ݖӱ.H3 ࠢಕ֥๙ၹؓఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູႵཁᇷ႕ཙ.
90࣮აؿᅚֻܵ21ज 114 ཌྷྐၹაఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູࡗ֥ܱ༢ྐ൞ྛູࢌ۲ٚ૫ཟ҂ಒק֥ໃট෮іགྷԛ֥дՎྐঠ.ࠢಕଽ҆ఒြᆭࡗۚ؇֥ྐܱ༢҂ࣇФಪູ൞՜ࣉఒြࠢಕԷྍؿള֥ᇗေၹ,ط္Фಪູ൞ఒြࠢಕᆃᇕห൹ቆᆮྙൔ෮ऎС֥Ⴊᄀྟ֥ᇗေࠎԤ[23].MayerބSchoormanᆷԛ,ఒြࠢಕଽྐܱ༢֥թᄝ࠻ࢆ֮ਔࠢಕఒြ֥ࢌၞӮЧ,္ࢆ֮ਔࠢಕఒြླྀטކቔ֥؇,՜ࣉਔࠢಕఒြᆭࡗ֥ཌྷކቔ,х૧ਔࠏ߶ᇶၬྛ,ູࠢಕఒြࡗ֥ໃটކቔყཌྷ֒ն֥ླྀטॢࡗ.Schm[24]itzಪ,ູູਔࡨഒࠢಕކቔԷྍᇏ֥҂ಒקྟ,ཌྷࡗ֥ྐބ܋֥ྛູمᄵ൞сေ֥,ྐ൞ܿٓކቔԷྍྛູ֥ᇗေࠏᇅ.DwivediބV[25]armanᄝሧӁህႨྟંᇏ္ᆷԛ,ದᆺऎСႵཋ֥ྐ༏aႵཋ֥ॗຬ,ՖطቋᇔေौႵཋ֥ྟটྛ,ೂݔીႵᇅ؇ჿඏ,ದ൞ࠏ߶ᇶၬ,֥۱љࠢಕఒြ֥/ϧ֣ྛູ0ޓಸၞߊᆜ۱ఒြࠢಕႮྐࡹ৫ఏট֥ᄎྛᇇ.ᆃဢ,ࠢಕᇏࡹ৫ᄝ۱ದྐ༏ࠎԤഈ֥ఒြࡗྐࠏᇅ߶ႮႿഠ߶эథބࣜ࠶ߌ֥э߄ط൳֞Ԋࠌ,൞֒໗קૼބॖყҩ֥ᇅ؇ࢲܒࡹ৫ᆭު,၂ᇕࠎႿᇅ؇֥ྐࣼ߶Ӂള,ѩቋᇔ֝ᇁఒြࡗჰႵྐ֥҂؎ᄹ఼[26].[27]Piero࣮іૼ,ᄝഠ߶ሧЧࢠູԉღֹ֥,ࠢಕఒြႚႵ܋֥໓߄ܿٓಪ,ഠ߶Ӯჴ֥ކቔၩ്ࢠۚ,ૌն؟ႚႵਅݺ֥ކቔࣜaдՎྐ,֤ჰЧٳᄝთ۲۱࢘ઋࠣ۱ุᇏ֥ᆩ്Ⴕࠏ߶֤ၛᆜކ,ѩڱᇭൌീ;B[28]ecattiniؓ/ֻၩն০0֥࣮ࣼؿགྷ,ֹ֒ຩܱ༢ۚ؇ؿղaთԷྍି৯ࢠ఼֥൙ൌॖ݂ၹֹູ֒ఒြa܄ؓྐaކቔࣚപ֥ۚ؇ಪ,طᄝᇝ၂ֹུࠢಕކቔԷྍ֥σ২ᇏ,ဢॖၛؿགྷთ܋໓߄ؓႿࠢಕԷྍݖӱ֥႕ཙ[29].H4 ࠢಕ֥ཌྷྐၹؓఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູႵཁᇷ႕ཙ.115 ඌି৯ၹაఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູࡗ֥ܱ༢HobdayaR[30]ushބTiddބAlbinoaClaudioބ[31]Schiumaಪູ,ࠢಕଽఒြԷྍສສЇওگᄖ֥ᇅބ۽ӱ߄ݖӱ,ടࠣ֞ඌ֥ۚ؇گᄖྟaඌ֥ॹэ߄,ྟࠢಕଽඌࠆ౼ބॖି֥ሇ၍ࣥၘӮູ႕ཙࠢಕԷྍྛູିڎؿള֥ᇗေၹ.A[32]uthur࣮іૼ,ఒြࠢಕԷྍЇݣਔྸ؟گᄖّ֥ঌ࿖ߌaَ؟֥ॖ܂࿊ᄴ֥ഡ࠹ਫ਼ࣥaหᆩ്ބିၛࠣग़۱ྟ߄ླ,֒ఒြࠢಕԷྍმ֞ඌ໙ีൈ,ႚႵ၂۱ࢳथЇݣࠢಕԷྍ෮૫ਢ֥ࠢಕඌ໙ี֥ྐ༏ඔऌ९ؓఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູؿളٳܱ.H[9]obdayބRushಪູ,ࠢಕఒြԷྍླေކቔ,ކቔԷྍ֥၂۱ᇗေ҄ᇧࣼ൞࿊ᄴކቔࠄϴ,ࠢಕఒြაҕაԷྍ֥ކቔࠄϴ֥ඌԷྍି৯aඌླྀି৯ބඌؿᅚି৯ᄝࠢಕކቔԷྍᇏϲဆሢ٤ӈᇗေ֥࢘[33].GuerrieriބPietrobelli۴ऌMarskusenؓఒြࠢಕ֥ٳোၛࠣNelsonބWinterؓඌุᇅ֥קၬ,ฐษਔඌэ߄ؓఒြࠢಕଆൔބԷྍٚൔэ߄֥႕ཙ,ᆷԛᄝࠢಕԷྍݖӱᇏ,ࠢಕଽඌ൞ڎ߶ॹэ߄൞႕ཙఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູؿള֥၂۱ᇗေၹ.H5 ࠢಕ֥ඌି৯ၹؓఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູႵཁᇷ႕ཙ.116 ቆᆮܵၹაఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູࡗ֥ܱ༢C[16]]ooperބKleinschmidtaLew[34isaA[35]net֩ದಪູ,ა၂Ϯఒြ֥Էྍቆᆮྙൔཌྷб,ఒြࠢಕଽ֥҆Էྍቆᆮྙൔ֥ഡ࠹٤ӈگᄖ,ࠢಕԷྍቆᆮ֥ࢲܒކྟӱ؇აࠢಕԷྍྛູႵཁᇷཌྷܱྟ.A[36]hokangasބHerd࣮іૼ,ఒြࠢಕԷྍ༢ऎႵگᄖ֥ۿିބࢸ૫,҂ࣇթᄝگᄖ֥ቆᆮࢸ૫,ߎթᄝگᄖ֥ඌࢸ૫,۲ࠢಕఒြࡗ֥ࢸ૫ܵሑঃაࠢಕԷྍྛູૡ్ཌྷ.ܱCooperބKlein-6]schm[1idtaBaptistaބSw[37]annᆷԛ,ࠢಕԷྍ࠹߃ࠣఃᆳྛ౦ঃ֥ݺߊაࠢಕఒြ֥ԷྍྛູႵཁᇷཌྷܱྟ.D[38]e-iOttatiಪູ,ႮႿࠢಕଽ֥Ӯჴᆭࡗ൞ཌྷ৫֥,Ӯჴᆭࡗ֥ܱ༢ᇶေ൞ौ٤ᆞൔࠏᇅটླྀט,֥ಌك఼ᇅྟބಃຯྟ,ؓކቔࠄϴ֥ႵིܵࣼӮູ႕ཙࠢಕఒြԷྍӮۿ֥ᇗေჰၹ.H6 ࠢಕ֥ቆᆮܵၹؓఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູႵཁᇷ႕ཙ.2 ࣮ഡ࠹211 ဢЧބඔऌඔऌ֥ᆇൌႵིྟ൞ࣉྛඔ࠹࣮֥భิაࠎԤ.ູ࣐ॖିࠆ౼֞ൡႿЧ໓֥ཌྷؓԉቀᆇൌ
ֻ2௹ޱض֩:ఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູ႕ཙၹ֥ൌᆣ࣮91Ⴕི֥ဢЧਈ,Ч໓ᄝ໙जؿ٢თaؿ٢ؓའ֩ٚ૫ቓਔնਈభ௹۽ቔ.ᄝთ࿊౼ٚ૫,ဢЧหֹ࿊౼ݓଽఒြࠢಕؿᅚбࢠԛ,ؿᅚႪ൝бࢠૼཁ֥Ӊֹ֥࢘ఒြࠢಕ(Ч໓෮ᆷ֥Ӊ࢘ٗᆷഈݚaᆄࡾބࡾ්۱ֹ).Ӊ࢘۱ֹ֥ఒြࠢಕؿᅚଆൔ۲҂ཌྷ,ࡾ්ఒြࠢಕၛຓሧఒြູᇶaᆄࡾၛႏఒြࠢಕູᇶaഈݚၛۚྍඌఒြࠢಕູᇶ,ऎႵսі;ྟູਔฐ෬҂ֹఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູ႕ཙၹ֥ҵၳ,ٳљ࿊౼ᆄࡾ֥ݳᇜۚྍඌӁြषؿaഈݚ֥ᅦࡾۚ॓ჳބࡾ්්֥ᇜۚྍඌӁြषؿ֥ఒြቔູ໙ज֥ؿ٢ؓའ.Ч໓֥ඔऌ൬ࠢٚൔᇶေႵᇕ.¹ࢹᇹज़ีט֥ࠏ߶.Ֆ2007୍3ᄅ֞2007୍7ᄅ,ቔᆀᇶေ০Ⴈ5ఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູ֥گᄖྟ࣮6ބ5ቆᆮэ۪֥گᄖൡႋ༢࣮6ज़ี֥טࠏ߶,ؓݳᇜۚྍඌӁြषؿaᅦࡾۚ॓ჳބ්ᇜۚྍඌӁြषؿ֥ఒြۚҪܵದჴؿ٢ਔ82ٺ໙ज.º০Ⴈຩ.ᇶေ๙ݖሰႯࡱ֥ٚൔࡼ1162ٺטҰ໙जᆰࢤԮෂ۳۱ֹ֥ఒြࠢಕଽఒြ֥ۚҪܵದჴ.»০Ⴈഠ߶ܱ༢.ᇶေ๙ݖቔᆀ֥۲ᇕഠ߶ܱ༢,౨ૌࡼ115ٺ໙जሇࢌ۳۱ֹ֥ఒြࠢಕଽఒြ֥ۚҪܵದჴ,Ⴎުᆀࣉྛแཿ.๙ݖၛഈᇕٚൔ܋ࠆ֤Ⴕི໙ज262ٺ,ऎุטҰ໙जؿ٢ࠣ߭൬౦ঃі1.і1 טҰ໙जؿ٢ࠣ߭൬౦ঃ Putting-outandcalling-backofinvestigationquestionnairesؿ٢ٚൔؿԛ໙जඔ/ٺ߭൬໙जඔ/ٺႵི໙जඔ/ٺ໙ज߭൬ੱ/%Ⴕི໙जੱ/%ज़ี82797796139715ຩ116212111410149412ഠ߶ܱ༢115847173118415ሹ࠹135928426220199213 ᇿ:໙ज߭൬ੱ=໙ज߭൬ඔ/໙जؿ٢ඔ;Ⴕི໙जੱ=Ⴕི໙जඔ/߭൬໙जඔ212 эਈҩਈޙਈԷྍି৯эਈ֥ਈіᇶေҕॉਔM[11][9]ansfieldaHobdayބRushaJerez-GomezaCespedes-LorenteބV[13]alle-Cabrere֥࣮֩,ٳູሧჷࢌߐაᆜކି৯aྍຩቆᆮି৯ބቆᆮ࿐༝ି৯۱ၹ.ఃᇏሧჷࢌߐაᆜކି৯Ⴈ4۱໙ีཛটҩਈ,ྍຩቆᆮି৯Ⴈ3۱໙ีཛটҩਈ,ቆᆮ࿐༝ି৯Ⴈ5۱໙ีཛটҩਈ.ޙਈሧჷэਈ֥ਈіটሱ໓ང[17][10][16],൞HillބBrennanaSteinleބSchiele෮ิԛ֥ޙਈሧჷၹਈі֥ྩרϱ,ఃᇏЇݣҍሧჷሑঃaದҌሧჷሑঃބۚҪܵᆀᆦӻࠢಕԷྍሑঃ3۱ၹ܋11۱໙ีཛ.๙эਈ֥ਈіটሱ໓ང[21],۴ऌD[7][22]avidބBaptista෮ิԛ֥๙ၹਈі֥ྩרϱ,ਈіჰটႮ12۱໙ีཛቆӮ,Ч໓ᄝ൫໙ݖӱᇏؿགྷఃᇏ2۱໙ีཛᄝᆜ۱ਈіᇏ၂ᇁྟࢠҵ,෮ၛࣇႨਔఃᇏ10۱໙ีཛ,ЇওԷྍຩྐ༏Ԯ־ࠏᇅaᆩ്܋ཚຩބࠢಕԷྍݖӱ֥ຩ߄ӱ؇3۱ၹ.ޙਈཌྷྐэਈ֥ਈіᇶေҕॉਔM[23][27]ayerބSchoormanބPiero࿐ᆀ֥࣮Ӯݔ,ٳູྐܱ༢aྐࠏᇅބྐ໓߄۱ၹ.ఃᇏྐܱ༢Ⴈ5۱໙ีཛটҩਈ,ྐࠏᇅႨ3۱໙ีཛটҩਈ,ྐ໓߄Ⴈ4۱໙ีཛটҩਈ.ޙਈඌି৯эਈ֥ਈіটሱ໓ང][30],൞HobdayބR[9ushބAlbinoaClaudioބSchium[31]a෮ิԛ֥ޙਈඌି৯ਈі֥ྩרϱ,ఃᇏЇݣඌሇ၍ބࠆ౼ି৯aඔऌ९ิ܂ࢳथඌྐ༏ି৯aކቔࠄϴ֥ඌି৯ބඌэ߄ሑঃ4۱ၹ܋13۱໙ีཛ.Ч໓ᄝᇶေҕᅶ[34][38]LewisaBaptistaބ37]Sw[annaDe-iOttati(1994)ؓቆᆮܵэਈܒᄯ֥ࠎԤഈ,࿊౼ਔ4۱ၹটޙਈቆᆮܵэਈ,Їওቆᆮࢲܒ֥ކྟaࠢಕԷྍࢸ૫ܵሑঃa࠹߃ᆳྛܵሑঃބކቔࠄϴܵሑঃ,ఃᇏࠢಕԷྍࢸ૫ܵሑঃႨ4۱໙ีཛটҩਈ,ቆᆮࢲܒ֥ކྟބ࠹߃ᆳྛܵሑঃ۲ሱႨ3۱໙ีཛটҩਈ,ކቔࠄϴܵሑঃႨ5۱໙ีཛটҩਈ.ၛສؓఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູҩ؇֥ཌྷܱ࣮,धն؟ඔनҐႨᇭೂሧӁ൬ၭੱaૄܢ൬ၭੱaཧ൲൬ၭੱ֩іᆘࠢಕఒြҍༀြࠛඣ֥ᆷѓটؓఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູࣉྛҩ[35].ಖط,D[39]urandᆷԛ,ࠢಕ
92࣮აؿᅚֻܵ21ज ఒြ֥ҍༀြࠛඣѩ҂ିປಆҩਈࠢಕఒြ֥Էྍྛ.ູၹູֆ၂Ⴈҍༀြࠛᆷѓটҩ؇ఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູթᄝಌཊ[40],෮ၛЧ໓۴ऌSteers֥ࡹၰՖ/აࣩᆚؓ൭ཌྷб0ބ/აࠢಕఒြყ௹ཌྷб0֥࢘؇ԛؿ,ҐႨҍༀބ٤ҍༀြࠛਆোᆷѓটؓఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູࣉྛሸކҩ؇,ఃᇏҍༀြࠛႨ3۱໙ีཛটҩਈ,٤ҍༀြࠛႨ2۱໙ีཛটҩਈ.Ⴟݓଽఒြࠢಕଽ֥҆ఒြ؟ູ٤ഈ൧ఒြ,ࢠࠆ౼֞ૄܢ൬ၭੱඔऌ,ၹՎ,Ч໓ᇶေҐႨሧӁ൬ၭੱaཧ൲൬ၭੱބཧ൲ᄹӉੱ۱ҍༀᆷѓটҩ؇ࠢಕఒြԷྍྛູ֥ҍༀြࠛඣ[41];۴ऌA[42]ri֥࣮,ҐႨࠢಕఒြӁԷྍ(ྍӁӮۿੱ)ބݖӱԷྍ(ྍ۽ၜӮۿੱ)ਆ۱ᆷѓটሸކҩ؇ఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູ֥٤ҍༀིࠛඣ.3 ൌᆣٳ༅311 ི؇ބྐ؇֥ٳ༅Ч໓ၛCronbachpsA༢ඔটဒэਈ֥ྐ؇,၂Ϯಪ,ູၹሰ֥ॖौྟAᆴնႿ016ࠧॖಪູ۲ၹ֥၂ᇁྟӱ؇ޓ఼.Ч໓۲ၹࠣ۲эਈ֥CronbachpsAᆴնႿ017(і2),іૼ෮࿊౼۲ၹࠣ۲эਈ֥ॖྐ؇ߎ൞бࢠದડၩ֥.і2 эਈٳ༅ࢲݔ Resultsofvariableanalysisၹࠇэਈ CronbachpsAᆴၹࠇэਈCronbachpsAᆴԷྍି৯ၹ01833ሧჷၹ 01867 ሧჷࢌߐაᆜކି৯01775 ҍሧჷሑঃ01763 Էྍຩቆᆮି৯01792 ದҌሧჷሑঃ01786 ቆᆮ࿐༝ି৯01769 ۚҪܵᆀᆦӻࠢಕԷྍሑঃ01742ඌି৯ၹ01765๙ၹ01861 ඌሇ၍ބࠆ౼ି৯01684 Էྍຩྐ༏Ԯ־ࠏᇅ01764 ඔऌ९ิ܂ࢳथඌྐ༏ି৯01730 ᆩ്܋ཚຩ01783 ކቔࠄϴ֥ඌି৯01705 ࠢಕԷྍݖӱ֥ຩ߄ӱ؇01744 ඌэ߄ሑঃ01713ཌྷྐၹ01785ቆᆮܵၹ01846 ྐܱ༢01684 ቆᆮࢲܒ֥ކྟ01773 ྐࠏᇅ01652 ࠢಕԷྍࢸ૫ܵሑঃ01759 ྐ໓߄01627 ࠹߃ᆳྛܵሑঃ01746ఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູ01801 ކቔࠄϴܵሑঃ01795 ҍༀြࠛ01723 ٤ҍༀြࠛ01753 ᄝི؇ဒٚ૫,ႮႿЧ໓෮Ⴈ໙जཛଢಆ҆টሱݖಀ֥໓ང,طޓ؟࿐ᆀᄻႨᆃུਈіҩਈཌྷܱэਈ,Ч໓ᄝቋᇔಒಪ໙जᆭభ,ሦ࿘ཌྷܱਵთ֥ህࡅaყ൫ѩྩᆞ໙ज֥҆ٳิمaଽಸ,ၹՎ໙जऎႵཌྷ֥֒ଽಸི؇,္ႋھିܔژކܒࡹི؇֥ေ.ॉ੮ॴ໓߄ၹ֥႕ཙ,Ч໓ಯၛဒᆣྟၹٳ༅টဒᆣ۲ਈі֥ࡹܒི؇.ဒᆣྟၹٳ༅֥۲ཛᆷѓі3,۲ᆷѓनղ֞ॖࢤ൳֥ඣ.і3 ۲эਈဒᆣྟၹٳ༅֥ࢲݔ Resultsofconfirmatoryfactoranalysisonvariablesҩ؇ཛV2V2/dfCFITLISRMRRMSEAԷྍି৯ၹ515271138211000110000103201000ሧჷၹ316121123401990019710105101032ቆᆮܵၹ715980195011000110000102601000ཌྷྐၹ413541135301993019830104701029๙ၹ217800192601995019860103501021ඌି৯ၹ610151141601994019840103901012ఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູ216250165611000110000102501000312 ݂߭ٳ༅۴ऌ໙ี֥ྟᇉ,Ч໓࿊ᄴ؟ჭ݂߭ٳ༅ቔູൌᆣٳ༅ٚم,ఃᇏၹэਈູఒြࠢಕԷྍྛ,ູሱэਈູԷྍି৯aሧჷa๙aཌྷྐaඌି৯ބቆᆮܵ.๙ݖSPSS1115ೈࡱࠆ֤֥݂߭ٳ༅ࢲݔ.Ⴎ
ֻ2௹ޱض֩:ఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູ႕ཙၹ֥ൌᆣ࣮93і4ॖၛुԛ,Fᆴဒཁᇷྟॖၛ؎,݂߭ଆЧദ൞Ⴕི֥,טᆜު֥R2ູ5912%,ඪૼ݂߭ଆ֥ࢳ৯္൞бࢠݺ.֥і4 ݂߭ٳ༅ࢲݔ Resultofregressionanalysisэ ਈԷྍି৯ၹ0119601057011922147301002**ሧჷၹ0102101077010200151101645ቆᆮܵၹ0116301067011633147201000***ཌྷྐၹ0107801021010700183401185๙ၹ0124701051012472191601004**ඌି৯ၹ0113601055011342110701009** ᇿ:R2=01676;AdjustedR2=01592;F=131617;*p<0105;**p<0101;***p<010014 ࢲંބษં(1)H1ބH3֤֞ਔဒᆣ.݂߭ٳ༅ࢲݔཁൕԷྍି৯ၹሰބ๙ၹሰؓఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູႵ఼ࢳି৯.ᆃ၂ٚ૫ඪૼਔࠢಕԷྍି৯ٚ૫֥႕ཙၹ߶٢նࠢಕఒြԷྍྛູؿളބ႕ཙӱ؇,࣮ఃჰၹ,ᇶေ൞ࠢಕ֥Էྍି৯၂ᆰ൞႕ཙࠢಕఒြԷྍྛູ֥ᇗေ໙ี[10].ࠢಕ֥Էྍି৯҂ࣇЇওࠢಕఒြሱദ֥ି৯,ߎЇওԷྍቆᆮ෮ุགྷԛ֥ᇭೂሧჷࢌߐaሧჷᆜކaቆᆮԷྍຩaቆᆮ࿐༝֩ٚ૫֥ି৯,ᆃུି৯఼֥ࡼᆰࢤ႕ཙࠢಕఒြ֥Էྍྛູ.ਸ਼၂ٚ૫ඪૼਔӎ๙֥ࠢಕఒြᆭࡗ๙ࠏᇅູఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູิ܂ིۚࢌੀຩ֥ൈ,ၐঔնაᄹ఼ਔૄ۱ࠢಕఒြ֥ᆩ്ࠎ,֤ࠢಕఒြཌྷؓႿ٤ࠢಕఒြࠆ֤ਔ۷఼ູն֥ࣩᆚႪ൝.ᆃაགྷႵ໓ངؓࠢಕఒြԷྍݖӱ֥ൌᆣ࣮෮֤֥࣮֞ࢲં൞၂ᇁ֥[20,21,43].(2)H2ބH4ൌᆣဒ֥ࢲݔაࡌഡཌྷ.ّؓႿࠢಕ֥ሧჷၹؓఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູીႵཁᇷྟ႕ཙ֥ࢳ൞,ႮႿࠢಕఒြᄝԷྍݖӱᇏ֥ದ৯ބҍༀሧჷሙСഈཌྷؓԉٳ,၂Ϯ҂թᄝሧჷ؋ಌ໙ี,ᆃაགྷႵ໓ངೂ[44]Tuckerؓ٤ࠢಕఒြԷྍݖӱ֥ൌᆣ࣮෮֤֥࣮֞൞҂၂ᇁ֥,ཁൕਔఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູ֥หྟ.ᇀႿࠢಕఒြᆭࡗ֥ཌྷྐၹؓ႕ཙఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູ֥H4ીႵ֤֞ဒᆣ֥ࢳ൞,ࠢಕఒြᆭࡗ֥ཌྷྐෙಖऎС႕ཙࠢಕԷྍ֥ห,ྟࡼఃაԷྍି৯a๙aඌି৯ބቆᆮܵ֩႕ཙၹѩਙ࣮ؓࠢಕఒြԷྍྛູ֥ቔႨൈ,ႮႿԷྍି৯a๙aඌି৯ބቆᆮܵ֩႕ཙၹ֥ྙӮࠣؿളቔႨनၛཌྷྐູభิބࠎԤ,ཌྷྐაԷྍି৯a๙aඌି৯ބቆᆮܵ֩႕ཙၹᆭࡗ֥ᆃᇕห൹ܱ༢,ఃؓࠢಕఒြԷྍྛູ֥ቔႨФԷྍି৯a๙aඌି৯ބቆᆮܵ֩႕ཙၹ෮ٳࢳაݤۂ,ࣉطཌྷྐؓԷྍି৯a๙aඌି৯ބቆᆮܵ֩ၹ৫֥႕ཙބቔႨིݔ൳֞ཤ,മᇀ҂ૼཁ.ൌ࠽ഈ[45],Molina-MoralesބMartmez-Fernandezᄝ࣮ఒြࠢಕ֥Էྍି৯ؓࠢಕఒြԷྍྛູ֥႕ཙൈ,ࡼఒြࡗཌྷྐቔູҩ؇Էྍି৯ᆃ၂ၹ֥၂۱ົ؇֥ቓم္іૼਔᆃ၂.ׄ(3)ࠢಕ֥ඌି৯ؓఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູႵཁᇷ႕ཙ.ඌି৯൞ᆦӪࠢಕఒြԷྍି৯ބӻ࿃ඌࣩᆚି৯֥ࠎԤ,थקਔࠢಕఒြ֥ඌؿᅚ݅֡ބඌඣ,ඌି৯֥ӻ࿃ࠒބტ,֤ࠢಕଽఒြᆭࡗؓඌᆩ്֥ࢳa࿐༝۷ࡆಸၞ,Ֆطᄹ఼ਔᆜ۱ࠢಕఒြ֥Էྍ.Ֆࠢಕඌหᆘु,ႮႿࠢಕԷྍӁട֥ࠣඌ૫,ܼѩЇݣਔྸ؟گᄖّ֥ঌ࿖ߌ,ླေࡼඌ߃ٳູཌྷؓ৫֥ଆॶࣉྛٳљᇅ,۲ଆॶᆭࡗؓࢤ҆ٳ֥ඌؿ۽ቔླေ҂ࠢಕఒြ֥ླྀቔটປӮ.ࠢಕԷྍӁѩ҂ିཞ၂ϮնܿଆᇅᄯӁପဢࣜݖࡥֆቆልࣼॖၛࢌڱ۳Ⴈ,ߎсྶࣜݖࠢಕఒြ֥ඌࠢӮބ৳ކט൫,ࠢಕԷྍӁЧദ֥หᆘथקਔඌି৯ၹؓఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູႵཁᇷࢳ৯[46].(4)ܱႿࠢಕ֥ቆᆮܵି৯ᄝఒြࠢಕԷྍྛູᇏ֥ቔႨᆴ֤ࣉ၂࣮҄.H6֤֞ਔဒᆣ,ᆃі
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102࣮აؿᅚֻܵ21ज AnalysisoftheImpactofEnvironmentFactorsonRegionalInnovationEfficiency)))EmpiricalTestBasedontheDEA-TobitTwo-stepMethodBAIJun-hong1,JIANGKe-sheng1,LIJing1,LIJia2(11SchoolofEconomicsandManagement,NanjingUniversityofAeronauticsandAstronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;21SchoolofEconomicsandManagement,ShandongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Qingdao 266510,China)Abstract:,-lyontheproportionoftheeducationalinvestmenttoGDP,-ivatetechnologicalenterprises,:regionalinnovation;efficiency;environment;DEA;Tobitmodel(上接第95页)EmpiricalStudyonInfluentialFactorsofEnterpriseClusterpsInnovationBehaviorHUE1n-hua,SHANH1ong-m1,2ei,LIUGuang-ping,MAOX1uan-lan(,NanjingUniversityofAeronauticsandAstronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;,Nanjing 210042,China)Abstract:Basedontheenterpriseclusterinovationtheory,,exploratoryfactoranalysisandconfirmatoryfactora-nalysisareimplementedtovalidatemodelhypothesizes,andthehypotheses,whichmightinfluenceenterpriseclusterinnovationbehavior,,communication,technologicalprocessinsidetheclusterandorganizationalmanagementallsignificantlypositiveinflu-enceonenterpriseclusterinnovationbehavior,:enterprisecluster;enterpriseclusterpsinnovationbehavior;influencialfactor
