2013GLOBAL MARKET OUTLOOK FOR PHOTOVOLTAICS UNTIL 2013201320052006200720082009201020112012
TABLE OF CONTENTS1 Executive Summary p 22 Global Historical PV Market Development p 33 Global PV Market Outlook p 54 Europe: Global PV Market Leader p 145 Global Production Capacity Outlook p 156 Global Outlook: Production Capacity meets Demand p 177 Definitions p 18EXECUTIVE SUMMARYIn 2008, the Global Photovoltaic (PV) market reached GW and the cumulative PV power installed totalled almost 15 GW compared to 9 GW in 2007. Spain represented almost half of the new installations in 2008 with about GW of new capacities, followed by Germany with GW of additional connected. The US confirmed its trend with 342 MW of newly-installed PV systems, followed by South Korea which registered 274 MW of PV installations over the year. Italy connected almost 260 MW while France, 1Portugal, Belgium and the Czech Republic made good scores confirming Europe’s Global leadership in the deployment of solar PV diversification of the market is taking place with countries adopting appropriate support policies, this is very good news for the PV industry and the the current crisis context, high uncertainties over the 2009 market exist. Experts believe the market could reach up to 7 GW in 2009, each individual country’s development influencing the final figure. The PV sector is hoping markets such as the US, Germany, France and Italy will pull the demand. Favourable policy frameworks are expected to further accelerate PV deployment in these countries. In 2013, the Global PV market could reach 22 GW if appropriate policies, such as Feed-in Tariffs (FiT), are in note that all historical figures provided in this brochure are valid at the time of publication and will be revised when new and proven figures will be available. All forecast figures are based on EPIA knowledge at the time of publication and should be considered as approximate values only as they come from a mathematical
GLOBAL HISTORICAL PV MARKET DEVELOPMENTThe solar PV market has been booming over the last decade and is forecast to confirm this trend in the coming years. By the end of 2008 the Global cumulative capacity was approaching 15 GW. Today, Europe is leading the way with more than 29 GW representing over 65% of the Global cumulative PV installed capacity. Japan ( GW) and the US ( GW) are following behind, representing 15% and 8%, respectively, of the Global cumulative PV power 1: Historical development of Global cumulative PV power installed per Region16,00014,73015,000Europe14,000Japan13,000USA12,000Rest of the world11,00010,0009,1629,000MW8,0006,7707,0006,0005,1675,0003,8474,0002,7953,0002,2011,7622,0001,4281,1669621,00001998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20083
In 2008, with more than GW, the Global PV market has more than doubled compared to GW in : an exceptional year for the PV MarketThe impressive progression in 2008 is mainly due to the development of the Spanish market which almost quintupled in one year from 560 MW in 2007 to more than 2,511 MW in 2008, representing more than 45% of the Global PV the development in Spain, other countries continued their progression in 2008. Germany installed around GW, the US 342 MW and 230 MW were connected in Japan. Major developments were seen in other countries like Italy (258 MW) and South Korea (274 MW) as well as the emergence of new PV markets such as France (105 MW were installed, 46 MW of which were connected in 2008), the Czech Republic (51 MW), Portugal (50 MW) and Belgium (48 MW).Figure 2: Historical development of the Global annual PV market per Region6,0005,5595,0004,0003,000MW2,3922,0001,6031,3211,0521,000594439334278197155-MW19981999200020012002200320042005200620072008Spain0 1 - 2 9 10 6 26 88 560 2,511 USA- 17 22 29 44 63 90 114 145 207 342 Japan69 72 112 135 185 223 272 290 287 210 230 Rest of the world68 84 94 75 104 98 53 12 196 207 485 Rest of Europe8 11 10 16 16 50 30 30 37 108 492 Germany10 12 40 78 80 150 600 850 850 1,100 1,500 TOTAL155 197 278 334 439 594 1,052 1,321 1,603 2,392 5,559 2008 was an exceptional year due to the continuous development of PV in established markets (like Germany, the US and Japan), an astonishing growth in Spain and the emergence of new markets mainly in the rest of Europe and in South
GLOBAL PV MARKET OUTLOOKPV market deployment is, to a large extent, dependent on the political framework of any given country. Support mechanisms are defined in national laws. The introduction, modification or fading out of such support schemes can have profound consequences on PV industries. PV market forecasts therefore depend on a deep understanding of the political framework. EPIA puts a great deal of effort into analysing PV markets. Due to its close contact with key players in the industry, with national PV associations and 3its deep knowledge of PV policy and support schemes, EPIA market scenarios are a credible and well-known source of short-term market forecasts as well as long-term March 2009, EPIA went through an extensive data gathering exercise among a highly representative sample of the PV industry, national associations and energy on the cross-checking of data and the consolidation of complementary market projection methods, EPIA has derived 2 representative scenarios for the future development of the PV Moderate scenario is based on the assumption of a ‘business as usual’ scenario which does not assume any major enforcement of existing support Policy-Driven scenario is based on the assumption of the follow-up and introduction of support mechanisms, namely FiT, in a large number of two scenarios analyse, on a country basis, the historical development of the PV market, existing support policies, their attractiveness and expected developments, administrative procedures in place, national renewable energy objectives and the potential for solar 3: Global annual PV market Outlook until 201325,00022,325Policy-Driven scenario20,000Moderate scenario17,38515,00013,810MW10,79010,0006,8025,5595,0002,3921,6031,3211,05259443927833402000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20082009E* 2010E* 2011E* 2012E* 2013E**Estimated5
For 2009, EPIA expects the Global PV market to grow to around GW under the Policy-Driven scenario. Under the Moderate scenario, EPIA expects the Global PV market to stagnate at around GW. Until 2013, EPIA foresees the market to reach 22 GW by 2013 under the Policy-Driven scenario which would mean a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 32% over the period 2008-2013. For the Moderate scenario, the annual market is expected to range just above 12 GW with a CAGR of 17% over the period 1: Global annual PV market Outlook until 2013CountryType2006200720082009E2010E2011E2012E2013EBelgiumEPIA Moderate100 70 80 90 100 2 18 48 EPIA Policy-Driven175 125 130 140 160 Czech EPIA Moderate80 90 110 140 170 0 3 51 RepublicEPIA Policy-Driven100 160 200 220 240 FranceEPIA Moderate250 340 600 900 1,000 8 11 46 EPIA Policy-Driven300 500 850 1,200 1,400 GermanyEPIA Moderate2,000 2,000 2,300 2,600 3,000 8501,1001,500EPIA Policy-Driven2,500 2,800 3,200 3,600 4,000 GreeceEPIA Moderate35 100 100 100 100 1 2 11 EPIA Policy-Driven52 200 450 700 900 ItalyEPIA Moderate400 600 750 950 1,250 13 42 258 EPIA Policy-Driven500 800 1,100 1,400 1,600 PortugalEPIA Moderate40 50 100 160 230 0 14 50 EPIA Policy-Driven50 80 180 350 500 SpainEPIA Moderate375 500 500 550 800 88 560 2,511 EPIA Policy-Driven375 500 600 650 1,500 Rest of EPIA Moderate120 140 200 300 450 12 17 28 EuropeEPIA Policy-Driven250 325 400 525 625 JapanEPIA Moderate400 500 700 1,000 1,100 287 210 230 EPIA Policy-Driven500 1,000 1,200 1,500 1,700 USAEPIA Moderate340 1,000 1,200 1,500 2,000 145 207 342 EPIA Policy-Driven1,200 3,000 3,400 3,900 4,500 ChinaEPIA Moderate80 100 300 600 1,000 12 20 45 EPIA Policy-Driven100 150 600 1,200 2,000 IndiaEPIA Moderate50 60 80 120 300 12 20 40 EPIA Policy-Driven100 200 250 300 600 South KoreaEPIA Moderate100 150 220 300 400 20 43 274 EPIA Policy-Driven200 350 450 700 1,000Rest of the EPIA Moderate250 300 300 300 350153 125 126 worldEPIA Policy-Driven400 600 800 1,000 1,600TOTALEPIA Moderate4,6206,000 7,540 9,610 12,2501,6032,392 5,559EPIA Policy-Driven6,80210,790 13,810 17,385 22,3256
Profiles of 13 Leading Markets13 major markets have been analysed in to the Spanish cap which has been set at 500 MW for 2009, Germany is expected to take back its number one position as the most mature market with a proven FiT scheme, good financing opportunities via Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW), high potential for future development, good availability of skilled PV companies and good awareness of the PV as the degression rates of the Feed-in Tariffs will be increased by 1% if the German PV market develops to a size larger than 1,500 MW in 2009, the German market growth will probably slow down in 2010. EPIA estimates that the German market could weigh up to 4 GW annually by 2013 if the present support scheme is maintained, considering that the price of PV systems will decrease accordingly with the FiT degression ,00018,00016,00014,00012,00010,000MW8,0006,0004,0002,000-2006200720082009E2010E2011E2012E2013EModerate scenario2,000 2,000 2,300 2,600 3,000 Annual market (MW)850 1,100 1,500 Policy-Driven scenario2,500 2,800 3,200 3,600 4,000 Moderate scenario7,308 9,308 11,608 14,208 17,208 Projected cumulative PV power 2,708 3,808 5,308 installed (MW)Policy-Driven scenario7,808 10,608 13,808 17,408 21,408 United StatesEPIA believes the US will emerge as one of the top PV markets worldwide by 2013. Seeing the extension of the Investment Tax Credit (ITC), the continuation of existing state-level support programmes (. California), the emergence of local support schemes (first FiT in Gainesville), the immense potential of US territory and strong commitment of new President Obama, the US could represent a multi GW market by 2010 already. The performance of the US PV market in 2009 will depend mainly on the possibility to finance PV projects. 20,00018,00016,00014,00012,000MW10,0008,0006,0004,0002,000-2006200720082009E2010E2011E2012E2013EModerate scenario340 1,000 1,200 1,500 2,000 Annual market (MW)145 207 342 Policy-Driven scenario1,200 3,000 3,400 3,900 4,500 Moderate scenario1,513 2,513 3,713 5,213 7,213 Projected cumulative PV power 624 831 1,173 installed (MW)Policy-Driven scenario2,373 5,373 8,773 12,673 17,173 7
SpainConsidering the unexpected growth of the PV market in 2008, the Spanish government has put in place a strict cap which allows only a 500 MW annual market from 2009 to 2011. Considering the quarterly calls for projects, the 2009 market will probably be limited to 375 MW. Under the current scheme, EPIA expects little room for market growth in the next 5 years. Seeing the solar potential in Spain and the high national renewable targets, in the Policy-Driven scenario EPIA expects a removal of the cap which would allow a GW market by ,0007,0006,0005,000MW4,0003,0002,0001,000-2006200720082009E2010E2011E2012E2013EModerate scenario375 500 500 550 800 Annual market (MW)88 560 2,511 Policy-Driven scenario375 500 600 650 1,500 Moderate scenario3,598 4,098 4,598 5,148 5,948 Projected cumulative PV power 151 712 3,223 installed (MW)Policy-Driven scenario3,598 4,098 4,698 5,348 6,848 JapanFor several reasons, EPIA expects Japan to become a GW market in 2010 already for the Policy-Driven scenario and in 2012 for the Moderate scenario. Firstly, Japan has set ambitious objectives to reach 14 GW of installed PV power by 2020 and 53 GW by 2030. Secondly, PV technology is well-established and widely integrated in the building environment. Thirdly, while the development of the Japanese PV market has been dominated by residential systems, there have been many announcements to build multi-MW PV plants, which is very promising for the future. Last but not least, Japan has recently reinforced its existing support mechanisms at national and regional levels mainly with investment subsidies and a new power purchase programme has been announced for public, commercial and industrial grid-connected ,0008,0007,0006,0005,000MW4,0003,0002,0001,000-2006200720082009E2010E2011E2012E2013EModerate scenario400 500 700 1,000 1,100 Annual market (MW)287 210 230 Policy-Driven scenario500 1,000 1,200 1,500 1,700 Moderate scenario2,549 3,049 3,749 4,749 5,849 Projected cumulative PV power 1,708 1,919 2,149 installed (MW)Policy-Driven scenario2,649 3,649 4,849 6,349 8,049 8
ItalyBesides high sun irradiation, Italy offers a very attractive support scheme, mixing net-metering and a well-segmented premium FiT. In January 2009, the Italian government extended the net-metering (‘Scambio sul posto’) to PV systems up to 200 kW. This means the PV system owner can valorise the electricity he produces himself at the same price as the electricity he consumes traditionally from the grid. If, over a time period, there is an excess of electricity fed into the grid, the PV system owner gets a credit (unlimited in time) for the value of the excess of electricity. This measure is very attractive for the residential, public and commercial sectors. On top of the valorisation of the electricity itself, the PV system owner also gets a premium FiT on the total electricity produced by the PV system. Under the present FiT scheme valid until the end of 2010, EPIA expects continuous growth of the Italian PV market. In the Policy-Driven scenario, EPIA expects the Italian PV market to reach the GW scale by 2011, assuming that the administrative procedures will be harmonised at regional level, that the net-metering will have a strong impact on the demand for PV systems and that the new FiT will have no cap limitation and will remain consistent with the existing ,0006,0005,0004,000MW3,0002,0001,000-2006200720082009E2010E2011E2012E2013EModerate scenario400 600 750 950 1,250 Annual market (MW)13 42 258 Policy-Driven scenario500 800 1,100 1,400 1,600 Moderate scenario750 1,350 2,100 3,050 4,300 Projected cumulative PV power 50 92 350 installed (MW)Policy-Driven scenario850 1,650 2,750 4,150 5,750 FranceDue to its favourable BIPV Feed-in Tariff, the French PV market is dominated today by BIPV applications for residential and commercial applications. In 2008, 105 MW were installed but only 46 MW were connected to the grid due to long administrative procedures. EPIA expects all PV systems installed in 2008 to be connected in 2009 and a great majority of the new installed PV power in 2009 to be connected within the year. This is why some PV power installed in 2008 has not been fully integrated into the 2008 figures but will be included in the 2009 figures. In its Policy-Driven scenario, EPIA expects a simplification of these procedures in 2009 and the introduction of a new tariff for non-BIPV applications on large commercial roofs. Under this scenario, the French PV market would become a leading country in the deployment of solar PV energy in Europe and ,0004,5004,0003,5003,000MW2,5002,0001,5001,000500-2006200720082009E2010E2011E2012E2013EModerate scenario250 340 6009001,000Annual market (MW)81146Policy-Driven scenario300 500 8501,200 1,400Moderate scenario337 677 1,2772,1773,177Projected cumulative PV power 304187installed (MW)Policy-Driven scenario387 887 1,7372,9374,3379
ChinaDue to its high potential for renewables, its existing energy challenge and the presence of important players in the PV sector, many experts are expecting China to initiate a support policy for PV. In its Policy-Driven scenario, EPIA foresees China as one of the top PV markets by 2013 alongside Europe and the ,5004,0003,5003,0002,500MW2,0001,5001,000500-2006200720082009E2010E2011E2012E2013EModerate scenario801003006001,000Annual market (MW)122045Policy-Driven scenario1001506001,200 2,000 Moderate scenario2253256251,225 2,225 Projected cumulative PV power 80100145installed (MW)Policy-Driven scenario2453959952,195 4,195 BelgiumPV has become a highly political topic in all regions of Belgium and PV is expected to grow further in the coming years mainly for rooftop systems. Due to a sharp decrease in support in 2010 in its leading market (Flanders), EPIA expects many awaiting projects to be realised in 2009. The growing importance of the other two regions (Wallonia and Brussels) makes EPIA expect a Belgian PV market between 125 and 175 MW for the next 5 years in its Policy-Driven -2006200720082009E2010E2011E2012E2013EModerate scenario100 70 80 90 100 Annual market (MW)2 18 48 Policy-Driven scenario175 125 130 140 160 Moderate scenario170 240 320 410 510 Projected cumulative PV power 4 21 70 installed (MW)Policy-Driven scenario245 370 500 640 800 10
Czech RepublicThe Czech Republic grew very rapidly in 2008 due to the implementation of a well-designed FiT. EPIA expects the Czech market to grow further to around 240 MW by 2013 under the Policy-Driven ,2001,000800MW600400200-2006200720082009E2010E2011E2012E2013EModerate scenario80 90 110 140 170 Annual market (MW)0 3 51 Policy-Driven scenario100 160 200 220 240 Moderate scenario134 224 334 474 644 Projected cumulative PV power 1 4 54 installed (MW)Policy-Driven scenario154 314 514 734 974 PortugalDespite very good sun irradiation, PV in Portugal has grown timidly over the past few years, mainly with several large-scale PV plants. If Portugal sets an appropriate support scheme for the widespread use of PV, EPIA believes that the Portuguese market could reach up to 500 MW by 2013 in its Policy-Driven ,4001,2001,000800MW600400200-2006200720082009E2010E2011E2012E2013EModerate scenario40 50 100 160 230 Annual market (MW)0 14 50 Policy-Driven scenario50 80 180 350 500 Moderate scenario108 158 258 418 648 Projected cumulative PV power 3 18 68 installed (MW)Policy-Driven scenario118 198 378 728 1,228 11
GreeceOn top of very good irradiation, Greece has one of the most favourable FiTs across Europe. With more than GW of PV projects in the pipeline, Greece was expected to play a leading role for the development of PV. However, project developers were overwhelmed by bureaucracy and administrative procedures explaining why few projects were able to happen in 2008. If the Greek government can take the appropriate measures to improve administrative procedures, EPIA expects the Greek PV market to reach 900 MW annually by ,5002,0001,500MW1,000500-2006200720082009E2010E2011E2012E2013EModerate scenario35100100100100Annual market (MW)1211Policy-Driven scenario52200450700900Moderate scenario55155255355455Projected cumulative PV power 7920installed (MW)Policy-Driven scenario722727221,4222,322IndiaWith its high potential for decentralised PV applications (grid-connected and off-grid) and growing energy needs, India could become a significant PV market in the coming years. Seeing only local or regional initiatives to support PV, EPIA expects the Indian market to develop slowly. If an appropriate support programme (such as a FiT mechanism) is put in place, the Indian PV market could represent up to 600 MW by ,0001,8001,6001,4001,200MW1,000800600400200-2006200720082009E2010E2011E2012E2013EModerate scenario50 60 80 120 300 Annual market (MW)12 20 40 Policy-Driven scenario100 200 250 300 600 Moderate scenario140 200 280 400 700 Projected cumulative PV power 31 51 90 installed (MW)Policy-Driven scenario190 390 640 940 1,540 12
South KoreaDue to a favourable Feed-in Tariff, South Korea emerged in 2008 as the fourth largest PV market worldwide. However, since the revision of the FiT in October 2008 and an unexpected devaluation of the Won (Korean currency), the PV market almost stopped with less than 10 MW installed between October 2008 and March 2009. This is why expectations for 2009 are rather low compared to historical developments. Knowing the strong political commitment to support PV in Korea, EPIA expects the PV market to recover in 2010 in the range of the 2008 results. If the 500 MW cap is removed, EPIA expects further growth of the Korean market, up to 1 GW by 2013 under the Policy-Driven ,5003,0002,5002,000MW1,5001,000500-2006200720082009E2010E2011E2012E2013EModerate scenario100 150 220 300 400 Annual market (MW)20 43 274 Policy-Driven scenario200 350 450 700 1,000 Moderate scenario452 602 822 1,122 1,522 Projected cumulative PV power 35 78 352 installed (MW)Policy-Driven scenario552 902 1,352 2,052 3,052 Regional distribution of Global PV markets Considering the regional distribution of the Global Market Outlook under the Policy-Driven scenario, EPIA foresees the EU PV market to grow from GW in 2008 to 11 GW by 2013, US from GW to GW, Japan from GW to GW and the rest of the world (. including China, South Korea) to grow from GW to more than 5 GW by 4: Global annual PV market Outlook per Region (Policy-Driven scenario)25,00022,32520,00017,38515,00013,81010,79010,000MW6,8025,5595,0002,3921,6031,3211,052594439278334-MW2000200120022003200420052006200720082009E2010E2011E2012E2013EEurope50961062106379069751,7684,5034,3025,4907,1108,78510,925Rest of the world94751049853121962074858001,3002,1003,2005,200Japan1121351852232722902872102305001,0001,2001,5001,700USA22294463901141452073421,2003,0003,4003,9004,500TOTAL2783344395941,0521,3211,6032,3925,5596,80210,79013,81017,38522,32513
EUROPE: GLOBAL PV MARKET LEADERSince 2004, Europe has been leading the global market for PV applications. In 2008, Europe represented over 80% of the Global PV market. Among European countries, Germany has been leading the way for several years but Spain took over the number 1 position worldwide with around 45% of the Global market and 56% of the EU market. Numerous countries are developing brilliant support schemes for PV, out of which Italy and France are emerging as the new high-potential markets. Some, such as the Czech 4Republic, Belgium, Bulgaria, Portugal and Greece among others, are following with promising support schemes. Figure 5: Regional distribition Figure 6: Regional distribition of Global annual PV market in 2008of European annual PV market in 2008Rest of the world 4%Rest of Europe %Greece %South Korea 5%France 1%Belgium 1%USA 6%Portugal 1%Czech Republic 1%Italy 6%Japan 4%Europe 81%Germany 33%Spain 56%In its Policy-Driven forecast for Europe, EPIA expects Germany to remain as the major PV market in Europe with increasing roles from France and Italy. If the cap is removed in Spain, EPIA expects these 4 countries to represent more more than 75% of the European market by 7: European annual PV market Outlook until 2013 (Policy-Driven scenario)12,00010,925Rest of EuropeBelgium10,000Czech RepublicPortugal8,785GreeceFrance8,000ItalySpain7,110GermanyMW6,0005,4904,5034,30275%4,0002,0001,768975-2006 2007 20082009E 2010E 2011E 2012E 2013E14
PRODUCTION CAPACITY OUTLOOKAccording to a survey conducted among EPIA Members, production capacities along the PV value chain are expected to grow with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 20 to 30% in the short-term (during the period 2009-2013).It is important to note that “end-of-year production capacities” along the value chain (from silicon to modules) are always larger than actual production and much larger than 5installed systems in the field. Why? Firstly, because a considerable part of the capacity is added during the year while capacities are always stated as end-of-year capacities. Secondly, as capacities are often stated by assuming a 365-day 24-hour operation, maintenance periods and periods of lower capacity usage have to be considered when comparing actual production and capacity figures. Thirdly, one should consider the delay (a few weeks) between the production of the modules and their effective installation in the field. Figure 8: Production Capacity Outlook until 201340,00035,000PolysiliconWafer30,000CellModule (cSi + Thin Film)25,000MW20,00015,00010,0005,000-2009E 2010E 2011E 2012E 2013EDue to a strong continuous growth of the Global PV market and a slower process to establish new silicon production facilities than for downstream processes in the supply chain, polysilicon supply has represented the main bottleneck of the PV industry since 2005. Over the last 3 years, established polysilicon producers have more than doubled their total production capacity and many new players have entered the polysilicon business. Due to this impressive increase in polysilicon production, EPIA expects the silicon shortage to end most probably by the end of 2009 or beginning of
Ramping up processes for wafer, cell and module production is much faster than for polysilicon. This explains why the difference between cell and polysilicon capacities was relatively high in the past and is expected to narrow in the near future. Upstream processes like polysilicon production are characterised by a higher concentration of actors due to the high-level of investments and by a lower flexibility of equipment than downstream processes (cell or module production) which are characterised by a large number of actors due to the limited level of investment and a higher flexibility to adapt to the demand. As a result, utilisation rates in upstream processes are generally higher than in downstream polysilicon shortage, which has limited the growth of crystalline technologies in the last few years, has offered a great opportunity for the PV Thin Film industry to grow and establish Thin Film as a major PV technology solution. Whereas Thin Film shares represented less than 5% of the total production capacity in 2005, with around 90 MW, these shares will reach more than 20% in 2010 with little more than 4 GW and will represent around 25% in 2013 with about 9 9: Production Capacity Outlook – Crystalline technologies vs. Thin Film40,000Thin-Film35,00075%cSi modules30,00076%25,00076%MW20,00078%15,00082%10,00025%24%5,00024%22%18%-2009E 2010E 2011E 2012E 2013EEPIA expects all Thin Film technologies (CdTe, CI(G)S and silicon based) to further develop during the coming years as each one presents different characteristics and will cover the needs of different market summary, during the last few years the PV industry has shown its capability to ramp up on time at each step of the value chain to cover the demand, except for polysilicon production. However, polysilicon shortage will soon become history. Considering the current expansion plans of PV companies, the Global PV industry is expected to grow at an average annual growth rate of 20% to 30% between 2009 and 2013 in response to an increasing demand in the same range. If the demand increases faster, both technologies (crystalline and Thin-Film) are ready to grow even faster, as they demonstrated in the
GLOBAL OUTLOOK: PRODUCTION CAPACITY MEETS DEMANDAs explained before, effective module production during the year is lower than the module production capacity expressed at the end of the year. Comparing the expected module production with the expected demand, EPIA foresees that the PV industry is prepared to deliver large quantities (GW-scale) of modules and to follow the future PV 6demand in the , these results should be handled with care as investments in new production capacities will only take place if the PV demand increases as expected by the industry, which supposes, among others, the putting in place of appropriate policy frameworks for PV, low administrative barriers and easy procedures to connect PV to the grid. Figure 10: Global Outlook – Production Capacity vs. Market40,000Total module production capacity35,000Module productionPolicy-Driven scenario30,000Moderate scenario25,000MW20,00015,00010,0005,000-2009E 2010E 2011E 2012E 2013EWith the end of the polysilicon shortage, EPIA expects that module prices will fall back on their historical learning curve which showed over the last 3 decades a 20% module price reduction each time the cumulative PV power installed was doubled. The first signs of this price decrease became visible during the first quarter of 2009. If the module price decrease is passed on to the final customer and leads to a decrease in PV system prices (which is not always the case today in every market), the generation cost (€/kWh) of PV electricity will compete sooner with conventional retail electricity prices from the grid. If grid parity (the point at which the generation cost of PV electricity equals the retail price of electricity) is reached sooner, EPIA believes that the Global PV market will grow even faster than expected in its Policy-Driven scenario and that the PV industry will be able to grow
DEFINITIONS PV power installed PV power installed is measured in Wp (watt peak) and refers to the nominal power under Standard Test Conditions STC (1000W/m², 25°C, AM). To ease the reading of its publications, EPIA voluntarily omits the “p” symbol for “peak”. The reader should understand that W, kW, MW or GW stand for Wp, kWp, MWp or -connected cumulative PV power installedGrid-connected cumulative PV power installed refers to the total PV power installed which is connected to the grid and registered by the energy regulator at the end of the year. Off-grid cumulative PV power installedOff-grid cumulative PV power installed refers to the total PV power installed which is not connected to the grid. Typical off-grid applications are repeater stations for mobile phones, electrification for remote areas or rural electrification in developing PV power installedCumulative PV power installed refers to the sum of grid-connected and off-grid cumulative PV power PV power installedAnnual PV power installed (= annual PV market) refers to the difference of cumulative PV power installed between 2 consecutive years. Due to delays for installation and administrative procedures (for grid-connected systems), the annual PV power installed may differ from the annual shipments to a specific market. Note that according to EPIA’s definitions, retrofit of end-of-life PV systems and second-hand PV market are not considered, but these quantities are still very marginal. EPIA has chosen this methodology to avoid double counting the same -in Tariff (FiT)A Feed-in Tariff is an incentive structure to encourage the adoption of renewable energy through government legislation. The regional or national electricity utilities are obliged to buy renewable electricity (electricity generated from renewable sources, such as solar PV) at above-market rates set by the government over a period of 20 to 25 years from the day the system is connected to the grid. The utilities are authorised to pass on this extra cost, spread equally, to all electricity consumers through their regular electricity bill. This means that the feed-in programme works independently from the state economy, and the extra cost which each electricity consumer has to pay, in order to increase the share of renewable energy in the national electricity portfolio, is very
CREDITS ImagesBP Solar (page 3)ECN - Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (page 15)TextsBenjamin FontaineDaniel FraileMarie LatourSophie LenoirPatricia PhilbinDenis ThomasThe European Photovoltaic Industry Association is the world’s largest industry association devoted to the solar electricity market. The association aims to promote photovoltaics at the national, European and worldwide levels and to assist its Members in the development of their businesses in both the European and in export markets.
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