华中科技大学硕士学位论文对烟草公司计划管理的分析——以深圳市烟草公司为例姓名：马勇申请学位级别：硕士专业：工商管理指导教师：刘芳20071011
햪 튪 놾컄쫇틔짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾캪샽뛔퇌닝릫쮾볆뮮맜샭뷸탐뗄럖컶퇐뺿ꆣ퓚쫐뎡뺭볃룟뛈랢햹뗄떱듺ꎬ슢뛏탐캪듳솿듦퓚ꎬ놾뗄믽샛뫍벯훐ꎬ틑붫슢뛏췆쿲쇋룼룟뗄돌뛈ꆣ퇌닝릫쮾퓚뗘랽뻭퇌엺랢쫐뎡짏뒦폚탐헾슢뛏뗘캻ꎬ퇌닝릫쮾뗄볆뮮맜샭랴펳쇋슢뛏탔웳튵뗄쳘뗣ꆣ놾컄퇐뺿뗄훷튪쒿뗄쫇ꎺ퓚슢뛏훆뛈뫍볆뮮쳥훆뗈췢늿뮷뺳쿂ꎬ죧뫎볡돖“훷쳥쮼쿫”ꎬ쳡룟ퟔ짭맜샭쮮욽ꎬ틔쪵쿖놾웳튵뗄뿉돖탸랢햹ꆣ 놾컄볲쫶쇋퇌닝탐튵탐헾슢뛏뗄듦퓚놳뺰뫍볆뮮맜샭뛔슢뛏훆뛈뗄훘튪ퟷ폃ꎬ뷩짜쇋짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾볆뮮맜샭뗄룅뿶ꎬ훘뗣럖컶쇋퇌닝릫쮾볆뮮맜샭뗄훷튪맜샭쓚죝ꎬ늢쳡돶쇋퇌닝릫쮾볆뮮맜샭뗄랢햹랽쿲ꆣ퇌닝릫쮾볆뮮맜샭훷튪맜샭쓚죝쫇ꎺ쿺쫛ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭ꆢ뻭퇌쿺쫛볛룱맜샭뫍벨킧뾼뫋쒿뇪맜샭ꆣ놾컄럖뇰뷩짜쇋헢죽룶랽쏦뗄맜샭돌탲ꆢ랢햹퇘룯ꎬ럖컶쇋탐튵볓잿슢뛏뺭펪뫍볆뮮맜샭뗄쟷쫆뛔쿺쫛ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭뗄펰쿬ꎬ럖컶쇋뻭퇌쿺쫛볛룱맜샭뗄ퟷ폃뫍쪵탐춳튻엺랢볛ꆢ쇣쫛쏷싫뇪볛ꆢ볛룱쳝듎뮯뗈탐튵볛룱헾닟뗄펰쿬ꎬ쳖싛쇋쒿뇪맜샭쯹짦벰뗄늻뿉뿘틲쯘ꆢ쳖볛뮹볛뫍벬싖킧펦뗈맜샭컊쳢ꎬ늢뛔죧뫎룄뷸헢죽룶랽쏦뗄맜샭럖뇰쳡돶쇋붨틩ꆣ맘폚퇌닝릫쮾볆뮮맜샭뗄랢햹랽쿲ꎬ놾컄럖컶쇋퇌닝릫쮾볆뮮맜샭룷쿮쓚죝횮볤뗄뷴쏜솪쾵ꎬ쳡돶볆뮮맜샭뻟쳥믮뚯펦놣돖튻훂탔뫍킭뗷탔ꆣ놾컄횸돶쇋볆뮮맜샭뗄죽룶맜샭죎컱ꎺ볓잿슢뛏ꆢ쳡룟킧싊뫍믽벫뗷뿘ꆣ뷡뫏놾죋뗄릤ퟷ뺭퇩ꎬ놾컄쳡돶쇋볆뮮맜샭헟펦쳘뇰튪볓잿뗄컥룶맜샭틢쪶ꆣ 맘볼듊ꎺ퇌닝릫쮾 볆뮮맜샭 탐튵럖컶 I
ABSTRACT This paper is the analysis research on plan management of tobacco company, taking the Shenzhen tobacco company as the example. In present age of the highly-developed market economy, monopoly behavior massive existences, capital accumulation and centralism has pushed monopoly to a higher degree. The tobacco company was at the administrative monopoly position in the local cigarette wholesale market, the tobacco company’s plan management has reflected the monopoly enterprise's characteristic. The main goal of this paper is: under the external environment of the Monopolism and the Plan system, how to persist “the main body thought”, raise own management level, and realize this enterprise’s sustainable development. This paper has summarized the existence background of the administration monopoly of the tobacco profession and the vital role of plan management to the monopolism, introduced the survey of the Shenzhen tobacco company's plan management, emphatically analyzed the main management content of the plan management of the tobacco company, and proposed the development direction of the plan management of the tobacco company. The main management content of the plan management of the tobacco company is: plan management of total sales-quantity, cigarette selling-price management and achievements inspection by goal management. This paper separately introduced these three aspects executive program and development evolution, analyzed the influence that was put on the plan management of total sales-quantity by the profession’s tendency of strengthening the monopoly and plan management, analyzed the function of cigarette selling-price management and the policy influence of the implementation of unifying wholesale price, retailing with honest price tag displayed and melting in echelon, discussed such issues in which the goal administration center involved as the uncontrollable factors, bargains back and forth and Ratchet-effect, and separately put forward the proposal on how to improved management in these three aspects. About the development direction of the tobacco company’s plan management, this paper analyzes the close relations between each content of the tobacco company’s plan management, proposed that plan management’s concrete activities should maintain the II
uniformity and the coordination. This paper has pointed out three management duties on plan management: strengthening the monopoly, enhancing the efficiency and positively regulating. Unifying the author’s work experience, this paper proposes five management consciousnesses which plan managers should specially have to strengthen. Key words: Tobacco company Plan-Management Profession analysis III
?뛀뒴탔짹쏷? 놾죋짹쏷쯹돊붻뗄톧캻싛컄쫇컒룶죋퓚떼쪦횸떼쿂뷸탐뗄퇐뺿릤ퟷ벰좡뗃뗄퇐뺿돉맻ꆣ뺡컒쯹횪ꎬ돽컄훐틑뺭뇪쏷틽폃뗄쓚죝췢ꎬ놾싛컄늻냼몬죎뫎웤쯻룶죋믲벯쳥틑뺭랢뇭믲킴맽뗄퇐뺿돉맻ꆣ뛔놾컄뗄퇐뺿ퟶ돶릱쿗뗄룶죋뫍벯쳥ꎬ뻹틑퓚컄훐틔쏷좷랽쪽뇪쏷ꆣ놾죋췪좫틢쪶떽놾짹쏷뗄램싉뷡맻평놾죋돐떣ꆣ 톧캻싛컄ퟷ헟잩쏻ꎺ 죕웚ꎺ 쓪 퓂 죕 톧캻싛컄냦좨쪹폃쫚좨쫩?놾톧캻싛컄ퟷ헟췪좫쇋뷢톧킣폐맘놣쇴ꆢ쪹폃톧캻싛컄뗄맦뚨ꎬ벴ꎺ톧킣폐좨놣쇴늢쿲맺볒폐맘늿쏅믲믺릹쯍붻싛컄뗄뢴펡볾뫍뗧ퟓ냦ꎬ퓊탭싛컄놻닩퓄뫍뷨퓄ꆣ놾죋쫚좨뮪훐뿆벼듳톧뿉틔붫놾톧캻싛컄뗄좫늿믲늿럖쓚죝뇠죫폐맘쫽뻝뿢뷸탐볬쯷ꎬ뿉틔닉폃펰펡ꆢ쯵펡믲즨쏨뢴훆놣듦쫖뛎뫍믣뇠놾톧캻싛컄ꆣ 놣 쏜 ꇵꎬ퓚 쓪뷢쏜뫳쫊폃놾쫚좨쫩ꆣ 놾싛컄쫴폚 늻놣쏜 ꇵꆣ ꎨ쟫퓚틔짏랽뿲쓚듲“ꇌ”ꎩ 톧캻싛컄ퟷ헟잩쏻ꎺ 횸떼뷌쪦잩쏻ꎺ 죕웚ꎺ 쓪 퓂 죕 죕웚ꎺ 쓪 퓂 죕 ?
잰 퇔 볆뮮릤ퟷ쫇웳튵맜샭믮뚯뗄훷튪쓚죝횮튻ꎬ놾죋듳톧뇏튵쪮쓪살튻횱퓚짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾ퟛ뫏볆뮮뒦듓쫂폫볆뮮맜샭폐맘뗄릤ퟷꆣ 컒맺퇌닝탐튵쫇탐헾슢뛏ꆢ쪵탐볆뮮쳥훆뗄쳘쫢탐튵ꆣퟔ맺볒퇌닝싴훆뛈붨솢뛾쪮쓪틔살ꎬ탐튵뺭볃ퟜ솿뫍뺭볃킧틦랢햹톸쯙ꎬ쫇맺볒닆헾쫕죫뗄훘튪살풴ꆣ뷼쓪살탐튵샻죳룟쯙퓶뎤ꎬ쳘뇰쫇짌튵샻죳퓶뎤쯙뛈룼뿬ꆣ 퇌닝릫쮾뗄볆뮮맜샭늻떫뻟폐튻냣웳튵볆뮮릤ퟷ릲탔뗄랽쏦ꎬ춬쪱폖쳥쿖쇋살ퟔ퇌닝탐튵뗄탐헾슢뛏쫐뎡뗘캻뫍볆뮮뺭볃퓋탐쳥훆뗄뻟쳥쳘뗣ꆣ늢쟒ꎬ떱잰짧믡뺭볃ퟜ쳥뒦폚탍웚ꎬ퇌닝탐튵튲뒦퓚쳥훆룄룯뗄쪵볹훐ꎬ릫쮾뗄볆뮮맜샭믮뚯쫜떽쓚췢늿뺭볃뮷뺳뗄횱뷓펰쿬ꎬ늻쫇틔튻훖컈뚨뗄맜샭쒣쪽퓚퓋탐ꎬ뛸쫇뒦폚늻뛏랢햹뇤뮯횮훐ꆣ 춨맽뮪훐뿆벼듳톧MBA뗄톧쾰ꎬ놾죋헆컕쇋튻킩맜샭ꆢ뺭볃뗈랽쏦뗄믹뒡횪쪶ꎬ샭싛쮮욽폐쇋튻뚨뗄쳡룟ꆣ떫쫇ꎬ헆컕튻냣탔횪쪶뗄쒿뗄쫇횸떼컒쏇뗄뺭펪쪵볹ꆣ 헽죧쎫퓳뚫쯹쮵뗄“듓쫂뇤룯쿖쪵뗄죋쏇ꎬ뎣뎣쫜ퟅ탭뛠뗄쿞훆ꎬ늻떫뎣뎣쫜ퟅ뿆톧쳵볾뫍벼쫵쳵볾뗄쿞훆ꎬ뛸쟒튲쫜ퟅ뿍맛맽돌뗄랢햹벰웤뇭쿖돌뛈뗄쿞훆”ꎬ튪퓚쪵볹훐랢믓맜샭뿆톧뗄볛횵ꎬ춬쪱볬퇩맜샭뿆톧ꎬ뻍튪듓쪵볊돶랢ꎬ쪹튻냣맦싉탔뫍뻟쳥쪵볹뗄쳘쫢탔쿠뷡뫏ꆣ 퓚떼쪦쇵랼뢱뷌쫚뗄웴랢쿂ꎬ놾죋훰붥죏쪶떽ꎬ퓋폃맜샭톧뫍뺭볃톧횪쪶뗄튻냣풭샭뫍웕뇩맦싉살횸떼놾웳튵볆뮮맜샭쪵볹쪱ꎬ튪뷡뫏쫐뎡뮷뺳뇤뮯뫍헾훎뺭볃쳥훆뗄쟸뇰ꎬ쳘뇰쫇쳥훆탍놳뺰쿂웳튵맜샭쯹랢짺뗄뇤뮯ꎬ뷸탐뻟쳥뗘럖컶뫍퇐뺿ꎬ닅쓜뷏뫃뗘죏쪶놾웳튵뗄볆뮮맜샭믮뚯ꎬힼ좷냑컕볆뮮맜샭쿖듦컊쳢뫍룄뷸랽쿲ꎬ쳡룟듓쫂놾떥캻볆뮮맜샭믮뚯뗄쪵볹쓜솦ꆣ 놾죋뗄싛컄쫇틔떱잰퇌닝탐튵캪놳뺰ꎬ퓋폃뺭볃톧뫍맜샭횪쪶ꎬ틔짮?쫐캪샽뛔퇌닝릫쮾볆뮮맜샭뗄쪵볹뷸탐ퟜ뷡ꆢ럖컶뫍움볛ꎬ늢뎢쫔뛔튻킩훘뗣컊쳢뷸탐튻뗣쮼뾼ꆣ 1
1 탷 싛 떱잰ꎬ컒맺짧믡뺭볃뒦폚쳥훆탍웚ꎬ뛠쫽탐튵뗄웳튵ퟟ쿲쇋쫐뎡뮯ꎬ떫퇌닝탐튵벰웤쯹쫴웳튵죔좻볡돖쪵탐“춳튻쇬떼ꆢ뒹횱맜샭ꆢ싴펪”뗄탐튵훆뛈ꆣ퇌닝릫쮾퓚뗘랽뻭퇌쿺쫛쫐뎡뻓폚탐헾슢뛏뗘캻ꆣ쯤좻쫐뎡뺺헹쫇쫐뎡뺭볃뗄믹놾쓚죝ꎬ떫볈쪹쫇퓚쫐뎡뺭볃쳥훆쿂ꎬ슢뛏탐캪튲쫇듳솿뫍맣랺듦퓚뗄ꆣ쫂쪵짏퓚쫐뎡뺭볃룟뛈랢햹뗄컷랽맺볒ꎬ놾뗄믽샛뫍벯훐ꎬ틑붫슢뛏췆쿲쇋룼룟뗄돌뛈ꎬ슢뛏죔좻쫇떱듺컷랽뺭볃뗄믹뒡ꎨ릨캬뺴ꎬ2007ꎩꆣ럖컶쿱퇌닝릫쮾헢퇹뗄뇈뷏뗤탍뗄슢뛏탔웳튵ꎬ쇋뷢웤맜샭짏뗄쳘쫢탔ꎬ쫇폐쿖쪵틢틥뗄ꆣ 퇌닝탐튵싴맜샭쳥훆뗄듦퓚놳뺰 컒맺쪵탐퇌닝싴훆뛈ꆣ퇌닝싴훆뛈쫇횸맺볒뛔퇌닝싴욷뗄짺닺ꆢ쿺쫛뫍뷸돶뿚튵컱쪵탐싴맜샭ꎬ슢뛏뺭펪뗄훆뛈ꆣ퇌닝탐튵뛔뺭펪룱쪵탐퇌닝싴탭뿉횤훆뛈ꎬ뛔퇌닝훆욷닺쿺닉좡볆뮮맜샭뗄쳥훆ꆣ 1981쓪5퓂맺컱풺뻶뚨뛔퇌닝탐튵쪵탐맺볒펪ꆣ1982쓪1퓂ꎬ훐맺퇌닝ퟜ릫쮾돉솢ꎻ1983쓪맺컱풺헽쪽좷솢쇋맺볒퇌닝싴훆뛈ꎻ1991쓪좫맺죋듳뎣캯믡춨맽쇋ꆶ훐뮪죋쏱릲뫍맺퇌닝싴램ꆷꆣ2005쓪맺컱풺쏅랢컄ꎬ퓙듎쏷좷쇋컒맺퇌닝탐튵뷱뫳붫볌탸놣돖싴훆뛈1ꆣ 퇌닝탐튵붨솢뫍볡돖슢뛏뺭펪훆뛈쫇폫컒맺붨솢짧믡훷틥쫐뎡뺭볃뗄샺돌쿠냩쿠쯦뗄ꆣ퓚탭뛠탐튵쫐뎡뮯뗄춬쪱ꎬ퇌닝탐튵슢뛏뺭펪훆뛈좴늻뛏볓잿ꆣ퇌닝싴훆뛈뗄듦퓚놳뺰쫇ꎺ(1)춨맽맺볒탐헾슢뛏ꎬ쪹퇌닝탐튵뇤럖즢캪벯훐ꎬ쪵쿖뺭펪맦쒣뫍쪵솦뗄톸쯙퓶잿ꆣ뻭퇌짺닺ퟜ솿평1982쓪1885췲쿤퓶볓떽2006쓪4044췲쿤ꆣ탐헾슢뛏쳵볾쿂ꎬ탐튵늻뛏췆뚯닺튵훘ퟩ뫍볦늢ꎬ퓚싺ퟣ맺쓚뻭퇌쿻럑뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ쳡룟뷸튻늽닎폫맺볊뺺헹뗄쪵솦ꆣ(2)퇌닝싴늻뷶폐킧뗘뿘훆쇋퇌닝튵죎틢랢햹뗄뻖쏦ꎬ뛸쟒캪맺볒룄룯뾪럅뫍짧믡훷틥붨짨쳡릩쇋듳솿뗄뷰믽샛ꆣ훷튪뇭쿖퓚뛔맺볒닆헾뗄릱쿗뻞듳ꎺ1982ꎭ2006쓪샛볆쪵쿖릤짌쮰샻췲틚풪ꎬ쒿잰퇌닝탐튵뗄샻쮰횮뫍풼햼닆헾ퟜ쫕죫뗄8%ꆣ2006쓪쪵쿖릤짌쮰샻듯떽3000틚풪ꎬ웤훐ꎬ쪵쿖릤짌쮰뷰1840틚풪ꎬ쫇캪맺볒쳡릩닆헾쫕죫ퟮ듳뗄탐튵ꆣ(3)뻭퇌쿻럑뗄쳘탔쫊뫏맺볒슢뛏ꆣ쫗쿈ꎬ뻭퇌쿻럑쫇맺볊릫죏탨튪맺볒뿘훆뗄폐몦릫훚붡뾵뗄쿻럑탐캪ꆣ뗚뛾ꎬ뻭퇌쿻럑뗄탨쟳떯탔뷏뗍ꎬ뿘훆쿻럑솿뿉틔쳡룟탐튵쫕틦뫍맺볒닆헾쫕죫ꆣꎨ4ꎩ퇌닝싴훆 1닎볻ꎺꆶ맘폚뷸튻늽샭쮳퇌닝탐튵닺맜샭쳥훆짮뮯퇌닝웳튵룄룯뗄틢볻ꆷ(맺냬랢[2005]57뫅컄) 2
뛈캪뗘쟸뺭볃랢햹뗄킭뗷랢믓쇋뻞듳ퟷ폃ꎬ쳘뇰쫇퓆쓏ꆢ맳훝뗈쪡퇌닝탐튵컈뚨뗘컼쫕쇋듳솿뗄샍뚯솦뻍튵ꎬ쳡룟쇋뗘랽뺭볃쮮욽ꎬ뛔뗘랽뺭볃붨짨릱쿗쿠떱듳ꆣ(5)쪵탐퇌닝싴훆뛈튲쫇맺볊죏뿉뫍맄샸뗄뿘퇌헾닟ꆣ2003 쓪쫀뷧컀짺ퟩ횯뗄 192 룶돉풱맺춨맽쇋뗚튻룶쿞훆퇌닝뗄맺볊탔쳵풼——ꆶ퇌닝뿘훆뿲볜릫풼ꆷꎬ퓚복짙퇌닝릩펦뗄듫쪩훐횸돶,“쎿튻뗞풼랽펦얬솦닉좡뫍쪵쪩뷸튻늽듫쪩ꎬ쫊틋쪱ꎬ냼삨냤랢탭뿉횤ꎬ틔뿘훆믲맜훆퇌닝훆욷뗄짺닺뫍쿺쫛ꎬ듓뛸럀횹럇램쎳틗”ꆣ 볆뮮맜샭쫇싴훆뛈뗄믹놾놣횤 볆뮮맜샭쫇죎뫎ퟷ캪뺭펪훷쳥듦퓚뗄웳튵ퟮ훘튪뗄맜샭횰쓜횮튻ꎬ뻟폐웕뇩탔맦싉탔뗄쓚죝ꆣ돽쇋탨튪훆뚨웳튵랢햹뗄햽싔쒿뇪ꎬ볆뮮맜샭뮹펦뛔웳튵쓚늿풴엤훃랢믓믹뒡탔ퟷ폃ꆣ뿆쮹(1937) 듓붻틗돉놾뷇뛈붫웳튵ퟩ횯샭뷢캪뛔쫐뎡볛룱믺훆뗄쳦듺ꎬ벴붻틗돉놾뗄쓚늿뮯ꆣ붻틗쓚늿뮯틔뫳풴엤훃랽쪽뗄평췢늿쫐뎡볛룱믺훆룄뇤캪쓚늿볆뮮믺훆ꆣ 떫쎿룶웳튵뚼폐튻뚨뗄쳘쫢탔ꎬ튪쫜떽헾훎뮷뺳ꆢ뺭볃훆뛈ꆢ컄뮯쾰맟ꆢ웳튵맦쒣ꆢ랢햹쮮욽뗈틲쯘뗄펰쿬ꆣ퇌닝릫쮾뗄볆뮮맜샭쫗쿈튪듓쫴폚맺볒퇌닝싴뻖뗄탐튵볆뮮맜샭ꆣ캪쪵탐퇌닝싴맜샭ꎬꆶ퇌닝싴램ꆷ맦뚨ꎬퟩ횯짺닺뫍뺭펪튪쪵탐볆뮮맜샭ꆣ퇌닝탐튵쪵탐볆뮮맜샭쳥훆뗄믹놾풭틲ꎺ(1)쳥훆쫇훆뛈탎횮폚췢뗄뻟쳥뇭쿖뫍쪵쪩탎쪽ꎬ볆뮮쳥훆쫇평춳튻쇬떼뫍뒹횱맜샭뗄탐튵싴훆뛈뻶뚨뗄ꎬ튲쫇싴훆뛈퓚뺭펪맜샭짏뗄뻟쳥뇭쿖ꆣꎨ2ꎩ볆뮮쳥훆쫇틔횸쇮탔볆뮮살쳦듺쫐뎡볛룱뗄엤훃풴뗄뺭볃탎쪽ꆣ퓚탐튵슢뛏쳵볾쿂ꎬ탐튵쓚좱짙뺺헹ꎬ볛룱뎣뎣쪧헦뫍얤쟺ꆣ퓚퇌닝탐튵쓚튪쪵쿖얩릤짌ퟛ뫏욽뫢ꎬퟩ횯짺닺뺭펪뇘탫쪵탐퇏룱뗄볆뮮맜샭ꆣ(3)볆뮮맜샭쫇쪵쿖슢뛏샻죳뗄믹놾놣횤ꆣ퇌닝탐튵춨맽솢램좡뗃쇋슢뛏뗘캻ꎬ튪뛔뻭퇌릩룸ퟜ솿뷸탐볆뮮맜샭닅쓜쪵쿖탐튵슢뛏샻죳ꆣ 퇌닝탐튵뗄볆뮮맜샭헟튪퇐뺿뗄컊쳢 컷랽맜샭톧쳖싛웳튵맜샭쫇틔ퟔ평뺺헹뗄쫐뎡뷡릹캪믹놾잰쳡ꆣ떫쫇폫뺺헹탔웳튵쿠뇈ꎬ퇌닝릫쮾볆뮮맜샭뗄랶캧뫍쓚죝폐뻞듳뗄닮틬ꆣ퇌닝탐튵뷼쓪살퓚볆뮮폫쫐뎡ꆢ슢뛏폫뺺헹ꆢ릫욽폫킧싊뗈컊쳢짏뷸탐ퟅ벤쇒뗄쳖싛ꎬ헢룸믹닣웳튵맜샭듸살쇋뷏듳뗄룉죅ꎬ쮼쿫튲뇈뷏믬싒ꆣ샭쟥퇌닝릫쮾볆뮮맜샭뗄쮼슷ꎬ쏷좷릤ퟷ쒿뇪ꎬ뛔폚쳡룟웳튵볆뮮릤ퟷ쮮욽쫇쪮럖뇘튪뗄ꆣ 컒죏캪ꎬퟷ캪웳튵맜샭헟ꎬ쫗쿈튪쏷좷뗄쫇ꎬ훆뛈뫍쳥훆쫇웳튵듦퓚뗄췢늿쳵볾ꎬ늻펦냑뛔맜샭릤ퟷ뗄퇐뺿훘뗣맽뛠뗘럅퓚뛔췢늿쳵볾뫏샭탔뗄헹싛짏좥ꆣ슢뛏훆뛈튲 3
뫃ꎬ볆뮮쳥훆튲뫃ꎬퟷ캪췢짺틲쯘ꎬ뛔웳튵맜샭컞틉폐뻞듳뗄펰쿬ꎬ떫쫇웳튵맜샭헟튪볡돖“훷쳥쮼쿫”ꎬ춻돶ퟔ짭맜샭쮮욽뗄쳡룟ꆣ퇐뺿믮뚯뛔웳튵맜샭뗄듙뷸ퟷ폃ꎬ펦벯훐쳥쿖퓚솽랽쏦ꎺ튻쫇놣횤맜샭믮뚯뫏샭탔ꎬ튪쪵쫂쟳쫇뗘헽좷뗘뷸탐맜샭ꎻ뛾쫇쳡룟맜샭킧싊ꎬ튪폐킧뗷뚯웳튵룷샠풴캪웳튵벨킧랢믓ퟷ폃ꆣ 놾컄붫MBA뿎돌톧쾰쯹믱뗃뗄맜샭톧샭싛ꆢ캢맛뺭볃톧샭싛뫍퇌닝릫쮾볆뮮맜샭쪵볹쿠뷡뫏ꎬ틔짮?쫐캪샽ꎬ춨맽볆뮮맜샭벸쿮훷튪릤ퟷ쓚죝뗄퇐뺿뫍럖컶ꎬ횸돶웤훐뗄폅쫆뫍컊쳢ꎬ늢첽쳖룄뷸뫍랢햹볆뮮맜샭뗄듫쪩ꆣ 놾싛컄뗄훷튪쓑뗣퓚폚뛔쪵볹릤ퟷ뗄맦랶탔뫍샭싛탔럖컶짏ꆣ튻랽쏦ꎬ퇌닝릫쮾쯹뒦뗄탐튵뫍쳥훆뮷뺳ꎬ쪹퇌닝릫쮾놾짭뗄뺭펪맜샭뛀솢탔쫜떽튻뚨쿞훆ꎬퟔ훷탔뷏닮ꎬ뫜뛠맜샭쓚죝뚼튪뿧풽놾웳튵뛸듓좫탐튵뗄뷇뛈좥퇐뺿뫍샭뷢ꎬ뷶틔놾웳튵캪훐탄살쳖싛튻킩뫪맛탔뗄뫍샭싛탔뗄컊쳢ꎬ컞틉쫇룴톥즦퇷뗄ꎬ헢훖퇐뺿쫇늻돤럖뗄ꆣ쇭튻랽쏦ꎬ퓚룟뛮슢뛏샻죳뗄퇚룇쿂ꎬ퇌닝릫쮾맜샭짏듦퓚튻뚨뗄뗍킧싊ꎬ헢쫇좷뚨늻틉뗄ꎬ떫쫇볆뮮맜샭쿂튲뿍맛듦퓚ퟅ쳡룟릩펦솴퓋탐킧싊뗄쓜솦ꆣ틲뛸ꎬ뛔퇌닝릫쮾룷쿮맜샭릤ퟷ뗄맦랶탔에뛏ꎬ믡쫜떽룶죋욫볻뗄펰쿬ꎬ헢쫇튻룶뢴퓓뗄컊쳢ꆣ 듓퇐뺿뗄벼쫵슷쿟짏ꎬ쫗쿈ꎬ놾컄솢ퟣ폚놾죋듓쫂놾웳튵볆뮮맜샭쪮쓪살뗄쪵볹뺭퇩뫍춳볆쫽뻝ꆣ뗚뛾ꎬ퓋폃퓚MBA뿎돌톧쾰훐쯹헆컕뗄튻냣탔뗄맜샭톧ꆢ캢맛뺭볃톧횪쪶ꎬ쳥쿖뛔튻냣횪쪶뗄뻟쳥쪹폃ꆣ뗚죽ꎬ뷡뫏떱잰웳튵맘폚볆뮮릤ퟷ뗄럖컶ꎬ솦쟳탎돉쿠뛔폐샻폚놾웳튵볆뮮맜샭뗄릤ퟷ쮼슷뫍맛쓮ꆣ 4
2 짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾폫볆뮮맜샭 짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾뗄랢햹쫇폫탐튵ퟜ쳥랢햹맬벣쿠튻훂뗄ꆣퟔ1986쓪돉솢틔살ꎬ릫쮾듓컞떽폐ꎬ듓죵떽잿ꎬ퓚놾쫀볍돵췪돉뛔뻭퇌엺랢쫐뎡뗄뿘훆ꎬ쪵쿖뗘랽뻭퇌엺랢뗄슢뛏ꆣ퓚풴엤훃뫍뺭펪ퟩ횯짏ꎬ볆뮮릤ퟷ튻횱쫇릫쮾ퟮ훷튪뗄맜샭쓚죝ꆣ 짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾룅뿶 짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾돉솢폚1986쓪7퓂ꎬ춬쓪10퓂ꎬ쫐퇌닝싴뻖돉솢ꎬ떱쪱짮?쫐뻖ꎨ릫쮾ꎩ솥쫴맣뚫쪡퇌닝싴뻖ꎨ릫쮾ꎩꎬ퇌닝릫쮾뫍퇌닝싴뻖캪“솽뿩없ퟓꎬ튻쳗죋십”뗄헾웳뫏튻쳥훆ꆣ춬쓪짮?뻭퇌뎧웆췁뚯릤ꎬ늢폚듎쓪춶닺ꆣ1995쓪4퓂웰ꎬ짮?퇌닝볆뮮떥쇐늢짏뮮맺볒퇌닝싴뻖맜샭ꎬ쿭쫜쪡벶퇌닝싴좨뫍뺭펪좨늢룼쏻캪훐맺퇌닝ퟜ릫쮾짮?쫐릫쮾ꆣ듋뫳ꎬ퓚룷쟸짨솢쇋쿂쫴쟸뻖ꎨ릫쮾ꎩꎬ늢훰늽랢햹뻭퇌쇣쫛췸싧ꆣ2001짮?뻭퇌뎧닺좨짏뮮맺볒뻖퓋탐쮾맜샭ꎬ늢폚2004쓪11퓂폫쎻폐닎볓뷡릹탔릤튵웳튵훘ퟩ돉캪쪡벶릤튵릫쮾뗄웤쯻웟볒쓚뗘뻭퇌뎧튻웰ꎬ뮮맩맺볒퇌닝싴뻖쿂쫴훐퇌쪵튵훐탄맜샭ꆣ 쒿잰ꎬ짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾벰웤쯹쫴쟸뻖ꎨ릫쮾ꎩ뗄뺭펪랶캧쫇쿠뛔떥튻뗄뻭퇌엺랢튵컱ꆣ탐튵맦뚨ꎬ룷릤튵웳튵뗄뻭퇌닺욷맺쓚쿺쫛뇘탫엺랢쿺쫛떽룷쪡벶퇌닝릫쮾ꎬ퓙평쪡벶릫쮾퓚쪡쓚엺랢쿺쫛ꎬ듓릤튵떽쪡벶릫쮾쫇뻭퇌릩펦솴뗄뗚튻벶엺랢ꆣ쫐릫쮾쿭폐쪡벶릫쮾뺭펪룱ꎬ슢뛏쇋뛔짮?뗘랽쫐뎡뗄뻭퇌릩펦ꆣ돽폐킡늿럖내춳튻뗄죽벶엺랢볛ꎨ쯍믵볛ꎩ쿲쫐쓚듳탍뿧쟸솬쯸쇣쫛짌ꎨ죧컖뛻싪ꆢ쳬뫧뗈ꎩ횱뷓릩믵췢ꎬ쫐릫쮾뗄믵풴훷튪엺랢룸쿂쫴룷쟸퇌닝릫쮾ꎬ뛔룷쟸릫쮾쿺쫛캪뗚뛾벶엺랢ꎻ룷쟸릫쮾뢺퓰쿲쾽쟸쓚룷뻭퇌쇣쫛뮧엺랢릩믵ꎬ헢쫇뗄뗚죽벶엺랢ꆣ 뷼쓪살ꎬ짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾볓잿뛔뻭퇌쇣쫛뮧뗄쿺쫛럾컱ꎬ얬솦쳡룟뛔쇣쫛쫐뎡뗄맜샭뫍뿘훆ꎬ벯훐뺫솦뷸탐짌튵쿺쫛췸싧붨짨ꎬ쒿잰짮?쫐쏱폐23000폠볒뻭퇌쇣쫛뮧ꎬ탎돉“춳튻솢뿢닖뒢ꎬ춳튻뗧뮰뚩믵ꆢ춳튻뗧ퟓ뷡쯣ꆢ춳튻컯쇷엤쯍ꆢ춳튻엺랢볛룱뫍벯훐ퟔ뚯럖볰”뗄췸붨쒣쪽ꆣ 짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾ퟔ돉솢틔살ꎬ믹놾놣돖쇋맦쒣뫍킧틦뗄룟쯙퓶뎤ꆣ1986쓪쿺솿췲쿤ꎬ짏뮮틔뫳뗄뗚뛾쓪1996쓪듯떽췲쿤ꎬ2006쓪쿺솿틑듯췲쿤ꎬ듳훂햼좫맺뻭퇌ퟜ쿺솿풼4000췲쿤뗄1%ꆣ20쓪살ꎬ짮?퇌닝탐튵듓컞떽폐ꎬ듓킡떽듳ꎬ좡뗃쇋믔믍뗄튵벨ꎺ뻭퇌릤튵닺솿퓶뎤쇋놶ꎻ릤튵ퟜ닺횵퓶뎤쇋104놶ꎻ 5
짌튵쿺솿퓶뎤쇋34놶ꎻ쿺쫛쫕죫퓶뎤쇋158놶ꎻ릤짌쮰샻퓶뎤쇋819놶ꎻ릤짌샻죳퓶뎤쇋588놶ꆣ20쓪살좫탐튵샛볆짏뷉쮰쫕틚풪ꆣ 2006쓪짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾벰쿂쫴짌튵웳튵쮰샻듯틚풪ꎬ샻죳듯14틚풪ꎬ풱릤듯814죋ꎬ쓪쒩닺ퟜ볆틚풪2ꆣ웤훐샻죳ퟜ뛮럖엤랽쪽쫇ꎺ쯹뗃쮰15%ꆢ짏뷉닆헾늿퇌닝펪샻죳15%ꆢ웳튵ퟔ쇴70%ꆣ 짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾볆뮮맜샭룅쫶 릫쮾돉솢뛾쪮쓪틔살ꎬ볆뮮맜샭횰쓜늿쏅뗄쏻돆뺭샺쇋쫽듎뗷헻ꎬ볆뮮늿쏅뗄횰쓜랶캧튲폐죴룉뗷헻ꆣ떫쫇ꎬ듓믺릹뫍횰쓜짨훃퇘룯살뾴ꎬ볆뮮맜샭쪼훕쫇쿠뛔뛀솢뗄ꎬ뻟폐뇈뷏훷튪뗄횰쓜뗘캻ꎬ볻뇭2-1ꆣ 뇭2-1 짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾볆뮮맜샭믺릹샺쪷퇘룯3 쪱볤 쓚짨볆뮮맜샭믺릹쏻돆 훷튪횰쓜 놸힢 1986쓪7퓂떱쪱릫쮾릲짨훃“죽쫒뛾 볆닆늿 볆뮮ꆢ닆컱ꆢ춳볆 늿” 1987쓪 ퟛ뫏볆뮮늿ꎨ퓶짨ꎩ 볆뮮ꆢ춳볆 볆닆늿룼쏻캪닆컱늿 짮?퇌닝짏뮮떥쇐ꎬ믺맘뒦1995쓪7퓂 ퟛ뫏볆뮮뒦볆뮮ꆢ탅쾢맜샭ꆢ 춳볆 쫒뗷헻캪“냋뒦튻쫒솽늿” 탅쾢맜샭럖샫돶살ꎬ돉솢탅2000쓪2퓂 랢햹볆뮮뒦ꎨ룼쏻ꎩ볆뮮ꎨ몬볛룱맜 샭ꎩ쾢훐탄ꎬ2000쓪춳볆횰쓜뮮 훁탅쾢훐탄 뺭볃퓋탐뒦ꎨ평풭짺닺뒦룼뿆뷌뒦맒뾿퓚뺭볃퓋탐뒦ꎬ2002쓪3퓂 쏻ꎩꆢ뿆벼뷌폽뒦ꎨ탂짨ꎩ퓋탐ꆢ뿆뷌 탅쾢훐탄룼쏻캪뺭볃탅쾢 훐탄 2006쓪4퓂훁뷱 ퟛ뫏볆뮮뒦ꎨ뫏늢ꎩ볆뮮ꆢ볛룱ꆢ퓋탐ꆢ평풭랢햹볆뮮뒦ꆢ뺭볃퓋탐 뿆뷌뗈 뒦ꆢ뿆뷌뒦뫏늢 ퟛ뫏볆뮮뒦뗄맜샭횰쓜훷튪쫇볆뮮ꆢ볛룱ꆢ퓋탐뫍뾼뫋ꆢ뿆뷌뗈쓚죝ꎺ (1)볆뮮맜샭쫇횸뛔짮?쫐퇌닝탐튵훐뎤웚맦뮮ꆢ쓪뛈뺭펪볆뮮뫍퓂뛈쿺쫛ퟜ솿볆뮮뗄맜샭ꆣ훐뎤웚맦뮮훷튪횸훆뚨탐튵랢햹뗄컥쓪맦뮮ꎬ쒿잰틑뺭뷸죫“쪮튻컥”맦뮮 ??쫽뻝살풴ꎺ㈰〷쓪짮?쫐퇌닝탐튵릤ퟷ믡틩놨룦???쇏살풴ꎺ짮?퇌닝횾뇠ퟫ캯풱믡?짮?퇌닝횾?짮??몣쳬돶냦짧ⰲ〰?? 6
웚ꎻ쓪뛈뺭펪볆뮮훷튪쫇짮?퇌닝쫐릫쮾뗄쓪뛈뻭퇌릺쿺듦ퟜ솿볆뮮ꎬ짏벶뛔뿚맺볒퇌닝싴뻖랢햹볆뮮쮾ꎻ퓂뛈쿺쫛볆뮮쫇뛔쫐릫쮾벰웤쿂쫴릫쮾쿺쫛ퟜ솿뗄뷸뛈뿘훆탔볆뮮ꎻ (2)볛룱맜샭쫇횸쯹쫴룷벶뻭퇌엺랢볛룱뗄뚨볛ꆢ뗷볛ꎬ틔벰쫐뎡볛룱탅쾢룺ퟙ뗈맜샭릤ퟷꆣ평폚슢뛏탐튵쪵탐쿠뛔만뚨뗄볛룱헾닟ꎬ볛룱맜샭퓚퇌닝탐튵튻냣쇐죫볆뮮늿쏅뗄횰쓜ꎻ (3)퓋탐맜샭쫴폚맜샭뿘훆횰쓜ꆣ룹뻝룷떥캻뾼뫋쒿뇪ꆢ쓪뛈뺭펪볆뮮ꆢ쫐뎡퓋탐뗄ힴ뿶쪵탐쫊쪱뗄뿘훆ꎻ (4)벨킧뾼뫋쫇퓋폃쒿뇪맜샭랽램ꎬ틔뺭볃킧틦뾼뫋캪훷ꎬ틔쿺쫛ꆢ싴ꆢ낲좫틔벰뺫짱컄쏷뗈맜샭쿮쒿캪뢨뗄“쮫컄쏷”뾼뫋ꆣ훷튪쫇뛔룷쿂쫴뛾벶릫쮾뷸탐쓪뛈벨킧뾼닩뫍쒿뇪맜샭ꎻ (5)뿆뷌ꆢ퇌닝톧믡뗈웤쯻맜샭릤ퟷꆣ ퟛ뫏볆뮮뒦쒿잰엤놸쇋웟쏻릤ퟷ죋풱ꎬ웤릹돉벰훷튪럖릤죧뇭2-2ꆣ놾뒦쫒죋풱컄뮯쯘훊뫍헾훎쯘훊쫇뇈뷏룟뗄ꎬ뚼뻟폐듳톧컄뮯돌뛈ꎬ웤훐컥쏻쫇릲닺떳풱ꆣ쓪쇤짏샏훐쟠뗄럖늼뫏샭ꎬ헢뛔릤ퟷ죋풱뗄횰컱쳡짽뫍룶죋랢햹쫇폐샻뗄ꎬ틲뛸웕뇩뗘릤ퟷ믽벫탔뷏룟ꆣ폫탐튵슢뛏뺭펪뫍볆뮮쳥훆쿠쫊펦ꎬ퇌닝릫쮾룷룶뒦쫒뗄쓚늿맜샭쫇뗤탍뗄“쫂컱탍”맜샭ꎬ뇈뷏힢훘죎컱횴탐뗄킧싊뫍쓜솦ꆣ뒦뎤뛔룷쿮릤ퟷ죎컱뗄늼훃ꆢ햹뾪뫍췪돉쟩뿶뷸탐좫쏦맜샭ꎬ릤ퟷ죋풱튪쯦쪱뻍릤ퟷ뷸돌쿲뒦뎤놨룦뫍릵춨ꎬ훘튪쫂쿮평뒦뎤뷸탐뻶뚨ꆣ퓚릤ퟷ짏ꎬ볆뮮뒦잿뗷룷쿮맜샭릤ퟷ튪럖릤늻럖볒ꎬ룷룚캻폐쿠뛔쏷좷뗄횰퓰ꎬ떫튲퓚뒦뎤뗄낲업쿂뷸탐쿠뮥엤뫏뫍붻닦ꎬ뛔탨튪릲춬닎폫뒦샭뗄훘듳죎컱퓲벯쳥탐뚯ꆣ 뇭2-2 ퟛ뫏볆뮮뒦쿖폐죋풱릹돉 탲뫅 횰컱 횰돆 톧샺 쓪쇤 훷 튪 횰 퓰 1 뒦뎤 룟벶헾릤쪦 놾뿆 50 훷돖뒦쫒좫쏦릤ퟷꆢ럖맜볆뮮ꆢ볛룱뗈릤ퟷ 2 뢱뒦뎤ꆢ 릤돌쪦 놾뿆 54 럖맜뺭볃퓋탐ꆢ뿆뷌뗈릤ퟷ 3 훷죎뿆풱 춳볆쪦 놾뿆 33 볆뮮맜샭 4 훷죎뿆풱 듳 41 볛룱맜샭 5 뢱훷죎뿆풱 놾뿆 31 볛룱맜샭ꆢ릫컄쫕랢ꆢ퇌닝톧믡 6 풱릤 놾뿆 29 뺭볃퓋탐ꆢ뿆뷌 7 풱릤 놾뿆 26 뺭볃퓋탐ꆢ뛔릫쮾쓚췸뗄뒦쫒췸튳뷸탐캬뮤 7
3 뻭퇌뺭펪ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭 퇌닝탐튵뛔뻭퇌릩룸쪵탐퇏룱뗄볆뮮맜샭ꆣ퇌튶뗄훖횲ꆢ쫕릺뫍뗷늦ꎬ퇌닝훆욷뗄짺닺뫍쿺쫛튪횴탐맺볒쿂듯뗄볆뮮ꆣ짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾뗄뻭퇌뺭펪ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭늻뷶쫇놾웳튵뗄훘튪뺭펪맜샭횰쓜ꎬ룼쫇맺볒퇌닝싴뻖뛔탐튵쪵탐볆뮮맜샭뗄ퟩ돉늿럖ꆣ 뻭퇌뺭펪ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭뗄쿖ힴ ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭뗄쓚죝 퇌닝릫쮾뗄ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭쫇뛔뻭퇌쿺쫛쫽솿맦쒣뗄맜샭ꆣ내헕볆뮮샠탍뗄쪱볤뿧뛈뮮럖ꎬ짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾훆뚨폐햽싔탔뫍뎤웚뗄컥쓪맦뮮ꎬ내쓪뛈훆뚨쓪뛈뻭퇌릺쿺볆뮮뫍내퓂뛈훆뚨퓂뛈뻭퇌쿺쫛ퟜ솿볆뮮ꆣ평폚탐튵볆뮮맜샭뗄쳥훆쿂ꎬ퇌닝얩튵ꆢ릤튵뫍짌튵뻹틔쓪뛈캪볆뮮훜웚ꎬ쯹틔퇌닝릫쮾뻭퇌뺭펪ퟜ솿볆뮮튲쫇틔쓪뛈볆뮮캪뫋탄쓚죝ꆣ퇌닝릫쮾캧죆쓪뛈볆뮮ꎬ뷡뫏벨킧뾼뫋뫍뷸뛈뿘훆ꎬ붨솢쇋럖닣볆뮮쳥쾵ꎬ늢햹뾪쿠맘뗄엤뫏뫍킭뗷믮뚯ꆣ 뻭퇌뺭펪ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭뗄죎컱 퇌닝릫쮾ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭뗄믹놾죎컱ꎬ쫗쿈쫇퓚폚랢믓슢뛏폅쫆ꎬ훷튪쫇퓋폃ퟜ솿볆뮮뗄쫖뛎ꎬ춨맽ퟜ솿뿘훆쪵쿖슢뛏샻죳ꆣ탐헾탔슢뛏쫇퇌닝릫쮾슢뛏탔뺭펪뗄뇘튪잰쳡ꎬ떫튪쪵쿖뷏룟뗄샻죳ꎬ뇘탨샻폃뻭퇌쿻럑볛룱떯탔뷏킡뗄쳘뗣ꎬ쪵탐“ퟜ솿욫뷴ꆢ볛룱욫룟”뗄릩펦랽헫ꆣ 웤듎ꎬퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭ꎬ쳘뇰쫇퓂뛈쿺쫛볆뮮뷸뛈뿘훆ꎬ쫇퇌닝릫쮾벰쪱뗷뷚뻭퇌릩쟳맘쾵뗄믹놾쫖뛎ꆣ퇌닝탐튵뛔폚쫐뎡릩탨뇤뮯ꎬ믹놾뗷뿘랽헫쫇춨맽뿘훆뻭퇌릩펦쫽솿살뗷뷚뫍욽뫢ꎬ쪹뻭퇌볛룱컈뚨뗘놣돖퓚뷏룟뗄쮮욽ꆣ쯹틔퇌닝릫쮾뗄뻭퇌릩펦ퟜ솿뗷뷚맜샭튲쫇볆뮮늿쏅뗄튻쿮훷튪횰쓜ꆣ 뻭퇌뺭펪ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭돌탲 퇌닝릫쮾뗄뻭퇌뺭펪ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭돌탲냼삨쿲짏벶맺볒뻖짪놨볆뮮뫍쿲쿂벶릫쮾럖뷢볆뮮뗄튻쾵쇐릤ퟷꆣ놾컄쫇틔짮?쫐캪샽뷸탐쮵쏷ꎬ웤쯻쪡벶퇌닝릫쮾뗄쟩뿶폫짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾믹놾샠쯆ꆣ (1)쫐릫쮾쓪뛈뻭퇌쿺쫛볆뮮뗄훆뚨ꆣ쎿쓪11퓂ퟳ폒ꎬ짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾럖컶떱쓪뻭퇌쿺쫛쟩뿶ꎬ퇐뺿뫍훆뚨쿂튻쓪뛈뻭퇌뺭펪ퟜ솿볆뮮ꎬ쿲맺볒퇌닝싴뻖짪놨쓪뛈 8
ퟜ쿺솿볆뮮ꆣ맺볒뻖믣ퟜ퇌닝얩릤짌룷랽쏦쫽뻝탎돉탐튵쓪뛈뺭펪볆뮮랽낸뫳튪쿲맺볒랢룄캯짪놨ꆣ춬쪱ꎬ캪뇣폚룷뗘ퟩ횯짺닺뺭펪ꎬ12퓂맺볒뻖뛔룷쪡벶릫쮾뗄볆뮮랽낸뷸탐뗷헻뫍좷뚨뫳쿂듯듎쓪쿺솿볆뮮풤낸ꎬ짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾뻝듋뾪쪼ퟩ횯낲업룷떥캻뗚뛾쓪룷퓂쿺쫛볆뮮ꆣ랢룄캯듎쓪튻벾뛈펡랢“맺쏱뺭볃뫍짧믡랢햹볆뮮”뫳ꎬ맺볒뻖쯄컥퓂럝붫룷쪡쓪뛈볆뮮솿헽쪽춨횪룷쪡벶릫쮾ꎬ평폚볆뮮뗄훆뚨랽램쫇닉좡짏쓪믹웚볆뮮뇠훆램ꎬ풤낸폫헽쪽볆뮮튻냣쫇튻훂뗄ꆣ (2)쫐릫쮾쿂쫴릫쮾뻭퇌뺭펪볆뮮뗄훆뚨ꆣ짮?쫐뻖룹뻝맺볒뻖쿂듯뗄짮?쫐쓪뛈뻭퇌뺭펪ퟜ솿볆뮮풤낸ꎬ뷡뫏룷릫쮾짏쓪볆뮮췪돉쟩뿶뫍쫐뎡탨쟳ힴ뿶ꎬ럖뷢훆뚨룷릫쮾쓪뛈쿺솿볆뮮늢퓚뛾퓂럝뗄횰릤듺뇭듳믡짏잩뚩“짺닺뺭펪퓰죎쫩”폨틔좷죏ꆣ쿺솿죎컱쫇룷릫쮾쓪뛈벨킧뾼뫋뗄훷튪횸뇪횮튻ꆣ (3)룷쿂쫴릫쮾퓂뛈뻭퇌쿺쫛볆뮮뗄훆뚨ꆢ횴탐뫍뿘훆ꆣ쫐뻖볆뮮뒦퓚쎿퓂돵튪훆뚨룷릫쮾뗄퓂뛈뻭퇌쿺쫛볆뮮ꎬ쿺쫛맜샭뒦뻝틔낲업뛔룷릫쮾뗄춶럅ꎬ룷릫쮾내볆뮮횴탐뛔쇣쫛뮧뗄뻭퇌엺랢ꆣ쫐뻖볆뮮뒦퓚퓂뗗뛔룷떥캻뗄볆뮮횴탐쟩뿶뷸탐볬닩ꎬ늢퓚룹뻝쫐뎡탨튪ꎬ뛔쿂퓂뗄퓂뛈쿺쫛볆뮮뷸탐뗷헻ꆣ (4)쓪뛈뻭퇌쿺솿뾼뫋ꆣ쓪뛈뷡쫸뫳ꎬ맺볒뻖튪뛔짮?쫐뻭퇌쿺솿뗈횸뇪뷸탐뺭펪뾼뫋ꆣ짮?쫐릫쮾튪룹뻝쓪뛈“쮫컄쏷”퓰죎쒿뇪뾼뫋벰붱샸냬램ꎬ뛔룷럖릫쮾뗄쿺솿췪돉쟩뿶벰웤쯻횸뇪뷸탐믣ퟜꆢ뾼움뫍뛒쿖붱샸ꆣ 뻭퇌쿺솿퓶뎤뗄ퟟ쫆뫍뻭퇌뺭펪ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭뗄듫쪩퇝뇤 짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾돉솢뛾쪮쓪살ꎬ쿺솿놣돖ퟅ뷏룟뗄퓶뎤쯙뛈ꎬ욽뻹쓪퓶뎤쯙뛈듯떽%ꎨ1987-2006쓪ꎩꆣ떫쫇맦쒣삩헅늻쫇돊쿖쿟탔퓶뎤뗄맽돌ꎬ내헕퓶뎤쯙뛈뿉틔럖캪죽룶뷗뛎ꎬ믹놾짏돊S탍뗄웳튵랢햹맬벣ꎬ죧춼3-1ꎺ 㔰〰〰㐰〰〰㌰〰〰㈰〰〰〰〰?ㄹ㠶ㄹ㠸ㄹ㤰ㄹ㤲ㄹ㤴ㄹ㤶ㄹ㤸㈰〰㈰〲㈰〴㈰〶쓪럝 춼3-1 짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾샺쓪뻭퇌쿺솿 쫽뻝살풴ꎺ짮?퇌닝횾뇠ퟫ캯풱믡.짮?퇌닝횾.짮?:몣쳬돶냦짧,2006 9쿺솿⣏
퓚늻춬뗄랢햹뷗뛎ꎬ뻭퇌뺭펪ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭뗄훘뗣뫍뻟쳥탎쪽폐뷏듳뗄닮뇰ꎺ (1)1986-1995쓪ꎬ짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾돉솢뗄춷쪮쓪ꎬ쫴폚슢뛏짐캴탎돉뗄쪱웚ꆣ떱쪱ퟜ쳥짏뻭퇌릤튵닺욷릩늻펦쟳ꎬ죔쫴폚싴랽뺭볃ꎬ떫퓚짮?쫐뎡짏뮹듦퓚웤쯻뻭퇌짌튵웳튵ꎬ뻭퇌짌튵쇷춨뇈뷏ퟔ평ꎬ룷훖돉럖뗄짌튵웳튵듓늻춬뗄쟾뗀엺랢뗷뷸뻭퇌ꎬ뻭퇌엺랢쫐뎡뺺헹탔뇈뷏잿ꎬ쿺쫛볛룱쯦탐뻍쫐ꎬ퇌닝릫쮾늻쓜뿘훆엺랢쫐뎡뗄럝뛮뫍볛룱ꆣ헢튻쪱웚ꎬ퓚ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭짏뗄쳘뗣쫇횻랢믓볠뚽ퟷ폃ꎬ늻맽뛠뗄룉풤뻭퇌릺쿺튵컱ꆣ볆뮮늿쏅늻뿘훆닉릺ퟜ솿ꎬ평튵컱늿쏅룹뻝쫐뎡탐쟩ퟔ탐ퟩ횯닉릺뗄ퟜ솿뫍뷡릹ꎬ훷튪횰퓰쫇뛔릺쿺쫽뻝뗄탅쾢룺ퟙ뫍뛔쿺쫛늿쏅뗄볠맜ꆣ쳘뇰쫇캪쇋뇜쏢튵컱늿쏅엺랢좨솦맽폚벯훐ꎬ럀횹볙릫볃쮽ꎬ뛔폚뷴쟎닮볛뷏듳뗄욷훖ꎬ뛔쿺쫛쇷쿲뷸탐볠맜ꎬ샽죧떱쪱뛔뫬쯾즽뗈샻죳ퟮ룟뗄욷훖뇘탫평튵컱뒦ꆢ볆뮮뒦뫍훷맜뺭샭릲춬잩ퟖ엺ힼ닅쓜릩믵ꆣ쿠뛔떱쪱짮?쳘쟸뗄뿬쯙퓶뎤ꎬ퇌닝릫쮾뺭펪맦쒣뗄퓶뎤쫇뇈뷏폐쿞뗄ꎬ쓪뻹퓶쯙캪%ꆣ (2)1996쓪-2003쓪ꎬ쫴폚슢뛏훰늽탎돉뗄뿬쯙랢햹쪱웚ꆣ헢훖룟쯙퓶뎤훷튪풴ퟔ돇쫐죋뿚맦쒣뗄톸쯙퓶듳뫍퇌닝릫쮾뿘훆뗄쫐뎡럝뛮뿬쯙쳡룟헢솽룶랽쏦ꆣ2000쓪좫맺뗚컥듎죋뿚웕닩ꎬ짮?ퟜ죋뿚캪700췲ꎬ떽뷱쓪돵짮?쫐뻶닟캯풱믡뛔짮?죋뿚ퟩ횯퇐뺿뫳뗄뷡싛쫇짮?쫐ퟜ죋뿚틑듯1400췲ꆣ1995쓪짏뮮맺볒뻖맜샭ꎬ좡뗃쪡벶퇌닝릫쮾뺭펪좨틔뫳ꎬ짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾쿭폐쇋뻭퇌엺랢뗄탐헾슢뛏좨솦ꆣ춨맽늻뛏볓잿싴맜샭ꎬ듲믷“볙ꆢ쮽ꆢ럇ꆢ뎬”쯄샠캥램탐캪ꎬ맦랶쓚늿뺭펪맜샭ꎬ퓚놾쫀볍돵쪵쿖쇋뛔짮?쫐뻭퇌엺랢뮷뷚뗄슢뛏ꆣ헢튻쪱웚ꎬퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭뗄쳘뗣쫇맄샸쓪뛈쿺솿뗄뿬쯙퓶뎤ꎬ떫튲뾪쪼뛔퓂뛈ퟜ솿뷸탐튻킩뗷뿘ꆣퟜ솿볆뮮퓚쓪뛈ퟜ쳥짏뛔쪵볊쿺쫛뎬솿횴탐닉좡맄샸뗄헾닟ꎬ랢믓쇋뛔쿂쫴룷뛾벶릫쮾뫍놾늿튵컱늿쏅뺭펪맦쒣삩헅뗄췆뚯ퟷ폃ꎬ룷떥캻뗄쓪뛈쿺솿뾼뫋죎컱훰쓪쳡룟ꆣ쇭튻랽쏦ꎬ평폚뛔엺랢쫐뎡뿘훆솦뗄늻뛏퓶잿ꎬ뻭퇌쫐뎡탨쟳뗄벾뷚탔뇤뮯캪볆뮮맜샭듸살쇋탂뗄쓚죝ꎬ퓶볓쇋뛔ퟜ솿쫊쪱뗷뷚뗄릦쓜ꆣ볆뮮뒦ꆢ튵컱뒦ꆢ싴뒦뗈벸룶늿쏅내퓂헙뾪쿎뷓믡틩ꎬ럖컶쇣쫛쫐뎡탨쟳뫍쇣쫛쫐뎡볛룱뇤뚯쟩뿶ꎬ퓚컈뚨쫐뎡볛룱뗄풭퓲쿂뻶뚨퓂뛈뻭퇌춶럅ퟜ솿ꆣ퓚슢뛏탎돉뗄맽돌훐ꎬ짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾뗄쫐뎡뿘훆럝뛮늻뛏쳡룟ꎬ뺭펪맦쒣퓶뎤럇뎣톸쯙ꎬ풶풶뎬맽쇋돇쫐뺭볃랢햹뗄쯙뛈ꎬ쓪뻹퓶쯙듯떽%ꆣ (3)듓2004쓪뾪쪼ꎬ짮?퇌닝뷸죫쇋슢뛏뺭펪뇈뷏돉쫬뗄컈뚨랢햹쪱웚ꆣ쪵쿖뛔뻭퇌엺랢뗄슢뛏틔뫳ꎬ뺭펪맦쒣뗄퓶뎤튪틀뾿돇쫐죋뿚뗄퓶뎤ꆣ쒿잰짮?뗄돇쫐랢햹뫍쿻럑맦쒣뗄퓶뎤쯙뛈폐쯹쿂붵ꎬ퇌닝릫쮾뻭퇌쿺솿뗄퓶뎤쯙뛈튲쏷쿔쟷폚욽뮺ꆣ떫쫇짮?쫐죋뿚뫍쿻럑뗄맦쒣틑뺭쿠떱엓듳ꎬ 2006쓪짮?짧믡쿻럑욷쇣쫛ퟜ뛮듯떽 10
틚풪ꎬ퓚좫맺돇쫐업쏻뗚쯄캻ꎬ쒿잰뷶듎폚짏몣ꆢ놱뺩뫍맣훝4ꎬ헢캪퇌닝릫쮾놣돖뺭펪맦쒣뫍킧틦뗬뚨쇋뇈뷏볡쪵뗄믹뒡ꆣ짮?퇌닝쪵쿖뛔뻭퇌쫐뎡뗄뿘훆ꎬ쪹퇌닝릫쮾뛔쫐뎡ퟜ탨쟳뗄냑컕쓜솦늻뛏쳡룟ꆣ헢튻쪱웚ꎬ뻭퇌릩쟳맘쾵쟷폚욽뫢ꎬ캪쇋럀횹춶럅맽뛈ꎬ탨쟳늻ퟣꎬ볛룱쿂붵ꎬퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭볓잿쇋뛔쿺솿퓶뎤쯙뛈뗄뿘훆ꎬ볆뮮횴탐뗄룕탔늻뛏퓶잿ꎬ훘뗣쳥쿖ퟜ솿쫊뛈듓뷴뗄릩펦헾닟ꆣ퓚벨킧뾼뫋훐복짙쿺솿퓶뎤볓럖ꎬ떭뮯쇋뛔룷럖릫쮾쿺솿짏뗄듌벤ퟷ폃ꆣ퓂뛈쿺쫛볆뮮뗄횴탐짏ꎬ볓잿폫튵컱뒦뗄릵춨ꎬ뿘훆뎬볆뮮횴탐ꎬ룼퇏룱뗘내볆뮮ퟜ솿낲업쪵볊춶럅ꆣ폫잰웚쿠뇈ꎬ뺭펪맦쒣뗄퓶뎤쯙뛈쏷쿔쿂붵ꎬ쓪뻹퓶쯙붵떽%ꎬ풤볆2007쓪퓶럹붫뷸튻늽붵떽3%ퟳ폒ꆣ ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭뷸튻늽볓잿 뷼쓪살ꎬ짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾볓잿쇋뛔쿂쫴릫쮾뻭퇌뺭펪ퟜ솿뗄뿘훆ꎬ늢쟒뮹쫜떽맺볒뻖룼뛠뗄볆뮮풼쫸ꎬퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭돊쿖뷸튻늽잿뮯뗄쟷쫆ꆣ 짮?쫐릫쮾뫍맺볒뻖볓잿ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭뗄훷튪뇭쿖 퇌닝탐튵춨맽볓잿싴맜샭뫍헻뛙탐튵뺭볃훈탲ꎬ쪵쿖쇋뛔뻭퇌짺닺뫍쇷춨뗄슢뛏뿘훆ꎬ탐튵쓚짺닺뺭펪볆뮮풼쫸뗄룕탔늻뛏퓶잿ꆣ퓚헢룶놳뺰쿂ꎬ짮?쫐릫쮾뫍맺볒뻖뷸튻늽볓잿쇋ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭ꆣ 짮?쫐릫쮾닉좡듫쪩폐ꎺ볓잿쇋쓚늿릺쿺ퟷ튵닣볆뮮뿘훆ꎬ듳럹붵뗍쇋짮?쫐뻭퇌ퟜ솿퓶뎤뗄쯙뛈ꆣ쳘뇰쫇듓2006쓪틔살ꎬ룷쿂쫴릫쮾횮볤뗄퓂뛈쿺쫛볆뮮뷸뛈튪놣돖튻훂ꎬ뛔횴탐쟩뿶뷸탐쇋룼캪퇏룱뗄뿘훆ꎬ뛔럖릫쮾싴듳떥ꆢ룏뷸뛈ꆢ쟀킧틦뗄탐캪뷸탐쇋풼쫸ꆣ 맺볒퇌닝싴뻖닉좡뗄듫쪩폐ꎺ볓잿쇋뛔짌튵웳튵뗄볆뮮맜샭ꎬ튪쟳쪡벶릫쮾뇠훆뗄쓪뛈볆뮮룼캪뻟쳥ꎬ튪붫쿺쫛볆뮮쾸럖떽욷훖ꆢ맦룱뫍릩펦뎧볒ꆣ뛔볆뮮횴탐룼캪퇏룱ꎬ튪쟳쓪뛈뺭펪ퟜ솿볆뮮훐쪡벶릫쮾듓룷릤튵웳튵뗄뗷죫솿뇘탫좫늿횴탐ꆣ믣ퟜ룷쪡벶릫쮾쿺솿볆뮮뫳ꎬ룹뻝쿺솿볆뮮뛔룷릤튵릫쮾뗄닉릺탨쟳뗷헻룷릤튵릫쮾쓪뛈짺닺볆뮮ꆣ 탐튵볓잿ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭ퟮ춻돶뗘쳥쿖쫇ꎺ붨솢탐튵뻭퇌짺닺뺭펪맜샭뻶닟쾵춳ꎬ뛔좫탐튵릤짌튵웳튵짺닺뺭펪뷸탐탅쾢뮯맜샭ꆣ맺볒뻖퓚탅쾢뮯붨짨뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ쿂듯횸쇮탔볆뮮낲업뻭퇌짺닺뫍쿺쫛ꎬ짵훁쪵탐“탅쾢늻실뗘”ꎬ믹닣쫽뻝늻뺭맽쪡벶릫쮾뗄믣ퟜ뫍헻샭ꎬ횱뷓뒫쫤떽맺볒뻖ꎬ뛔릤짌웳튵믮뚯퇏룱뿘훆ꆣ 4쇏살풴ꎺ짮?짌놨2007쓪1퓂24죕 11
뻭퇌짺닺뺭펪맜샭뻶닟쾵춳폚2004쓪뾪쪼붨짨ꎬ평닺욷쫽싫룺ퟙ쾵춳ꆢ릤짌쫽뻝닉벯쾵춳뫍쫽뻝훐탄죽늿럖ퟩ돉ꆣ헢룶쾵춳쫇틔붨솢뻭퇌릩펦솴탅쾢룺ퟙ믺훆ꆢ쪵쿖좫탐튵짺닺뿘훆뗄캪쒿뇪뗄ꆣ웤뫋탄쓚죝쫇뛔닺쿺뷸탐“솽듲죽즨”뗄볆뮮뿘훆ꎺ튻쫇릤튵짺닺볾퇌듲싫뫍돶뎧볾퇌즨싫ꆣ맺볒뻖룹뻝짺닺볆뮮내퓂랢럅볾퇌싫뛎ퟩ횯짺닺ꎬ늢퓚쿺쫛쪱뷸탐즨싫짏놨맺볒뻖ꆣ헢룶뮷뷚쫇캪쇋내볆뮮짺닺ꎬ럀횹릤튵웳튵뎬닺싷닺ꆣ뛾쫇짌튵떽믵볾퇌즨싫ꆣ쪡벶릫쮾뗷뷸뻭퇌죫뿢퇩쫕쪱ꎬ튪뷸탐즨싫떽믵좷죏늢붫쫽뻝짏놨맺볒뻖ꎬ맺볒뻖뛔릤튵짺닺뫍짌튵웳튵퇩쫕뗄쫽뻝뷸탐뫋뛔ꆣ헢룶뮷뷚쫇캪쇋뿘훆듓퇌뎧떽퇌닝릫쮾뗄내볆뮮뗷늦ꎬ럀횹뻭퇌뗄볆뮮췢쇷춨ꆣ죽쫇짌튵쳵퇌듲싫뫍즨싫ꆣ퇌닝릫쮾퓚뛔뻭퇌쇣쫛뮧엤쯍쪱ꎬ뛔쳵냼뻭퇌뷸탐듲즨싫늢짏놨맺볒뻖ꎬ뇠싫탅쾢냼몬뻭퇌쇣쫛뮧뇠뫅ꆣ헢룶뮷뷚쫇캪쇋뿘훆퇌닝릫쮾쿲쇣쫛뮧뗄릩믵탐캪ꎬ늢뿉틔뛔쇣쫛뮧뗄뺭펪탐캪쪵쪩쿠펦뗄싴맜샭ꆣ짮?쫐릫쮾틑폚2005쓪췪돉짌튵뮷뷚볾퇌즨싫쿮쒿뗄쪵쪩ꎬ쒿잰헽퓚쪵쪩짌튵쳵퇌듲즨싫쿮쒿ꎬ쓢폚2007쓪뗗췪돉ꆣ 볓잿ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭뗄쪵훊 퇌닝릫쮾볓잿ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭ꎬ늻쫇웳튵ퟔ훷뺭펪뗄뻟폐뛀솢탔뗄맜샭탐캪ꎬ쪵훊쫇퇌닝탐튵춨맽잿뮯벯훐춳튻뗄탐튵볆뮮맜샭ꎬ듯떽볓잿탐튵슢뛏뗄쒿뗄ꆣ 퓚놾쫀볍돵훐맺볓죫WTO뫳ꎬ틀뻝닺튵뺭볃톧맾런톧엉뗄뷡릹-탐캪-벨킧뺭퇩럖컶랶쪽ꎨ헅튫믔ꎬ2006ꎩꎬ맺볒퇌닝싴뻖죏캪ꎬ쏦뛔잿뺢뗄췢맺퇌닝릫쮾ꎬ훐맺퇌닝듦퓚퇏훘뗄훘뢴붨짨뫍맽뛈뺺헹컊쳢ꎬ맦쒣킡ꆢ벯훐뛈뗍ꎬ쎻폐돤럖샻폃쫐뎡ꎬ뇘탫평맺볒뻖훷떼탐튵룄룯ꎬ쪵쿖맺쓚퇌닝평탐헾슢뛏쿲뺭볃슢뛏뗄뇤ꎬퟶ듳ퟶ잿훐맺퇌닝ꆣ 릤튵웳튵뗄뫡쿲볦늢ꎬ쳡룟닺튵벯훐뛈ꎬ뿉틔랢믓맦쒣뺭볃킧펦ꆢ맜샭킭춬킧펦뫍슢뛏쫐뎡킧펦ꎨ퇮릫웓ꎬ2005ꎩꆣ맺볒뻖2004쓪뗗뾪쪼췆뚯퇌닝릤튵웳튵뗄볦늢훘ퟩꎬ2005쓪틔뫳탎돉쇋쪮벸볒쪡벶뻭퇌릤튵릫쮾ꎬ늢뷸튻늽췆뚯뿧쪡볦늢훘ퟩꆣ퓚퇌닝짌튵웳튵ꎬ맺볒뻖훷튪쫇춨맽튻쾵쇐ퟝ쿲튻쳥뮯뗄헾닟살쳡룟탐튵슢뛏뗄돌뛈ꆣ헢킩헾닟늻뷶냼삨볓잿뻭퇌쿺쫛볆뮮ꆢ쪵쪩춳튻엺랢볛룱뫍볛룱쳝듎뮯헾닟ꆢ붨짨탐튵짺닺뺭펪뻶닟쾵춳뗈듫쪩ꎬ뛸쟒냼삨닺ꆢ샍ꆢ죋쫂뗈맜샭좨쿞쿲맺볒뻖뗄벯훐ꆣ 뛔퇌닝릫쮾살쮵ꎬ탐튵볓잿슢뛏틔살ꎬ뺭볃킧틦쏷쿔쳡룟ꆣ쪮컥웚볤ꎬ짮?쫐뻭퇌쿺솿쓪뻹퓶뎤%ꎬ떫쿺쫛뛮쓪뻹퓶럹듯떽%ꎬ짌튵샻죳쓪뻹퓶뎤룟듯%ꎬ2006쓪퓚쿺솿뷶퓶%뗄쟩뿶쿂ꎬ짌튵샻죳퓶쯙죔듯떽20%틔짏ꆣ춬쪱ꎬ뺭볃퓋탐뗄컈뚨탔듳듳쳡룟ꎬ볆뮮맜샭뿉뿘탔퓶잿ꆣ퓚쓪뛈ퟜ솿믹뒡짏ꎬ뷡뫏벾뷚탔틲쯘훆뚩퓂뛈쿺쫛ퟜ솿볆뮮ꎬ쪹쫐뎡릩쟳맘쾵뒦퓚믹놾욽뫢뗄ힴ첬ꆣ 12
볓잿ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭뛔퇌닝릫쮾듸살뗄늻샻펰쿬쫇ퟔ훷뺭펪좨늻뛏복짙ꎬ뻭퇌쿺쫛쓪뛈ퟜ솿볆뮮튪평맺볒뻖뿘훆ꆣ뻍짮?쫐릫쮾뗄볆뮮맜샭놾짭살붲ꎬ뷱뫳튻뛎쪱웚뚼붫퓚뫜듳돌뛈즥쪧볆뮮뗄햽싔탔ꆢ뻶닟탔릦쓜ꎬ릤ퟷ뗄훘탄붫쫇룼볓잿뗷ퟷ튵닣볆뮮뗄훆뚨ꆢ횴탐뫍뿘훆랽쏦ꆣ퇌닝릫쮾돖탸룄뷸맜샭쮮욽뗄뚯솦늻ퟣꎬ쫐릫쮾뫍쿂쫴럖릫쮾뻭퇌쿺쫛뛔ퟜ솿볆뮮뻟폐틀삵쮼쿫ꎬ쓚늿맜샭킧싊폐쿂붵뗄벣쿳ꆣ십킪뛻ꎨ1890ꎩ뷒쪾쇋슢뛏뛔킧싊폐늻샻펰쿬ꎬ뎧짌ힷ쟳맦쒣뺭볃쳡룟킧싊뗄뷡맻떼훂슢뛏ꎬ뛸슢뛏탎돉뫳좴믡뿘훆릩룸닙ퟝ볛룱뛳즱뺺헹ꎬ쪹뺭볃즥쪧믮솦ꎬ늻샻폚풴뗄뫏샭엤훃ꆣ십킪뛻돥춻퓚퇌닝탐튵튲폐쯹랴펳ꎬ튲듦퓚쟖햼쿻럑헟쪣폠ꆢ퓶볓X-럇킧싊뫍톰ퟢ돉놾뗈컊쳢ꎨ퇮릫웓ꎬ2005ꎩꆣ 내헕뿆쮹뗄맛뗣ꎬ웳튵뗄듦퓚뫍랢햹맦쒣좡뻶폚웳튵쓚늿폫췢늿솽훖엤훃믺훆쿂뇟볊붻틗돉놾뗄뛔뇈ꆣ퇌닝탐튵볓잿슢뛏쪵쪩튻쳥뮯뗄룄룯ꎬ퓚탐튵쓚폃볆뮮맜샭쳦듺볛룱뺺헹쓜럱헦쪵폐킧뗘쳡룟탐튵뺺헹솦ꎬ좡뻶폚쓚늿붻틗돉놾뗄뿘훆돌뛈ꆣ떫헢횻쫇샭싛럖컶ꆣ뛔폚탐헾슢뛏뗄퇌닝릫쮾살쮵ꎬ쓚늿뫍췢늿뇟볊붻틗돉놾뗄뛔뇈맘쾵쎻폐붨솢웰살ꎬ웳튵뗄짺듦폫맦쒣뇟뷧룼뛠뗘쫇평탐헾좨쯹뢳폨뗄ꆣ웳튵퓚좱랦뺺헹뗄쳵볾쿂ꎬ쯤좻뗄좷좱짙훷뚯붵뗍쓚늿쳡룟킧싊뗄톹솦ꎬ떫쫇맘볼컊쳢쫇ꎬ슢뛏춬쪱듸살쇋킧싊뗄쳡룟폫붵뗍헢솽훖랽쏦뗄펰쿬ꎬ뛠훖틲쯘릲춬ퟷ폃뗄뷡맻늢늻쓜뇘좻뗃돶슢뛏쫇뗍킧싊뗄뷡싛ꆣ쿠랴ꎬ퇌닝탐튵릤짌웳튵랢햹뗄쯙뛈ꆢ킧틦뫍쇣쫛쫐뎡릩쟳맘쾵뎤웚놣돖쿠뛔컈뚨쮵쏷ꎬ퇌닝탐튵뗄랢햹쫇늻듭뗄ꎬ슢뛏웳튵뗄맜샭헟튪ퟶ뗄쫇얬솦쪶뇰뫍뿋럾좱랦뺺헹탔뗈뗍킧싊틲쯘ꎬ돤럖랢믓뫍춻돶볆뮮맜샭뗈룟킧싊틲쯘뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭뗄룄뷸랽쿲 1ꎩퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭튪“죽룶퇓짬” 짮?쫐릫쮾ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭뛔폚뗷뿘ퟜ솿욽뫢랢믓쇋믽벫ퟷ폃ꎬ떫쫇쿂튻뷗뛎ꎬ퇌닝릫쮾펦룃평ퟜ솿볆뮮쿲킧싊쳡짽퇓짬ꎬ평ퟜ솿욽뫢쿲뷡릹폅뮯퇓짬ꎬ평쓚늿볆뮮쿲췢늿킭뗷퇓짬ꆣ듓쳡룟릩펦솴킧싊뗄뷇뛈ꎬ퇌닝릫쮾탨튪벰쪱럖컶뫍풤닢쫐뎡헦쪵탨쟳ꎬ튪ퟱ톭쫐뎡맦싉ꎬ뿋럾럇쫐뎡틲쯘ꎬ럀횹뫍뷢뻶뷡릹탔뗄닺쿺췑뷚ꎬ붨솢컈뚨뗄릤짌킭춬맘쾵틔놣횤믵풴뗄폐킧ퟩ횯ꎬ쫇룄뷸ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭뗄훘뗣ꆣ 2ꎩ룼볓힢훘뷢뻶뻭퇌짌욷뷡릹탔쎬뛜 뻭퇌짌욷뷡릹탔쎬뛜쫇펰쿬킧싊쳡짽뗄훷튪쓚죝ꆣ쒿잰짮?쫐퓂쿺솿뷼쯄췲쿤뷼200룶맦룱ꎬ내헕뻭퇌췲쇣쫛뮧볆쯣ꎬ욽뻹쎿룶맦룱쎿뮧퓂쿺솿횻폐쳵ꆣ싞뫾릫쮾쇹퓂럝쪵볊쿺쫛뗄143룶맦룱훐ꎬ횻폐9룶맦룱뚩믵쏦퓚75%틔짏ꎬ폐86룶뗄 13
맦룱(햼60%)뗄뚩믵쏦뮹듯늻떽5%5ꆣ평폚뷏뛠뗄욷훖쫐뎡햼폐싊맽뗍ꎬ쿻럑쏦햭ꎬ듯늻떽믹놾뗄짏볜싊ꎬ뎤웚뒦폚훍쿺뗄ힴ첬ꎬ죝틗돶쿖듮쫛뫍싴듳떥뗄캥맦쿖쿳ꆣ룹뻝쇣쫛뮧싺틢뛈돩퇹뗷닩뗄쫽뻝쿔쪾ꎬ쯤좻쇣쫛뮧뛔퇌닝릫쮾뗄럾컱ퟜ쳥움볛뷏룟ꎬ떫쫇퓚릩믵랽쏦뗄싺틢뛈쫇쿠뛔ퟮ뗍뗄ꎬ웤훐릩믵뻭퇌뷡릹랽쏦싺틢뛈퓚쯹폐뗷닩킡쿮훐쫇ퟮ뗍뗄6ꆣ 캪쇋쏖늹ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭뛔뻭퇌뷡릹뗷헻짏뗄킧싊컊쳢ꎬ맺볒뻖뎫떼탐튵쓚룷웳튵뷸탐쇋틽죫폐킧뺺헹뗄튻킩뎢쫔ꎬ쳘뇰쫇퓚퇌닝릫쮾췆탐“내뿍뮧뚩떥릩믵”ꆣ“내뚩떥릩믵”쫇횸ꎬ춨맽쇣쫛뮧뚩떥살헆컕쫐뎡탨쟳ꎬ틽떼뻭퇌릤짌웳튵ퟱ톭쫐뎡맦싉ꎬ내헕탨쟳ퟩ횯닺쿺믮뚯ꎬ쪵쿖틔뚩떥캪훐탄뛸늻쫇뒫춳볆뮮캪훐탄뗄퓋펪쒣쪽ꆣ짮?쫐릫쮾쪵쪩“내뚩떥릩믵”뗄쇷돌쫇ꎺ(1)볆뮮뒦뷡뫏쓪뛈ퟜ솿볆뮮뫍벾뷚탔뗷뷚틲쯘ꎬ쳡잰튻룶퓂쿲튵컱뒦뫍룷뛾벶릫쮾쿂듯퓂뛈볆뮮ퟜ솿ꎻ(2)룷뛾벶릫쮾퓚ퟜ솿뗄뿲볜쿂ꎬ뛔쾽쟸룷쇣쫛뮧뗄탨쟳뷸탐뗷닩ꆢ럖컶뫍낲업ꎬ퓚15죕잰탎돉쿂퓂뻭퇌탨쟳풤뚩떥ꎬ늢놨쯍튵컱뒦닉릺늿ꎻ(3)튵컱뒦닉릺늿룹뻝룷떥캻뗄풤뚩떥뫍뿢듦쟩뿶ꎬ폫뻭퇌릤튵웳튵릵춨ꎬퟩ횯쿂퓂뗄믵풴ꎻ(4)튵컱뒦내헕퓂뛈볆뮮ꎬ럖엺쿲뛾벶릫쮾릩믵ꎬ평뛾벶릫쮾쿲쇣쫛뮧닉벯쪵볊뚩떥늢엤쯍쿺쫛ꎻ(5)퓚퓂뛈쿺쫛훜웚쓚ꎬ튵컱뒦뛔룷릫쮾뗄쿺쫛뷸뛈폨틔룺ퟙ뫍뗷뷚ꎬ볆뮮뒦퓲퓚퓂뗗뛔쿺쫛볆뮮췪돉쟩뿶뫍룷떥캻뗄풤닢ힼ좷탔뷸탐뾼닩ꆣ떫쫇ꎬ내헕SCP랶쪽뗄죽랽쏦쯹햹뾪뗄폐킧뺺헹뫢솿뇪ힼꎨ헅튫믔ꎬ2006ꎩꎬ쫗쿈쫐뎡뷡릹쎻폐룄뇤ꎬ죔좻쫇퇌닝릫쮾뻓폚탐헾슢뛏뗘캻ꎻ웤듎ꎬ탐튵뺭펪탐캪죔틔슢뛏뿘훆캪훷ꎬ쿺쫛볆뮮뫍볛룱뾨쳘뛻헽퓚뷸튻늽볓잿ꎬꎻ뗚죽ꎬ쿺쫛볛캻뫍럑폃쮮욽뚼쎻폐쿲쿂뗷헻뗄톹솦ꎬ쫐뎡벨킧뇪ힼ늻싺ퟣꆣ틲듋ꎬ내뚩떥릩믵횻쓜쮵쫇룄뷸쇋볆뮮맜샭ꎬ쪵볊짏늢쎻폐헦헽뗘틽죫폐킧뺺헹ꆣ 3ꎩ퓚볡돖슢뛏훆뛈잰쳡쿂룄뷸맜샭쳡룟킧싊 뷡뫏짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾뗄쪵볹살럖컶ꎬퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭뗄룄뷸펦힢틢떽틔쿂죽뗣ꎺ (1)볡돖싴훆뛈뫍볆뮮쳥훆쫇잰쳡ꆣ내헕ꆶ퇌닝싴램ꆷꎬ튪“폐볆뮮뗘ퟩ횯퇌닝훆욷뗄짺닺뫍뺭펪”ꆣ틽죫쫐뎡뺺헹ꎬ랢믓쫐뎡뗄믽벫ퟷ폃ꎬ쫇틔볡돖볆뮮맜샭쳥훆캪잰쳡뗄ꆣퟜ솿볆뮮뗄쒿뇪죔좻쫇“쿺뷴욽뫢”ꎬퟜ쳥짏캬돖뷏룟뗄볛룱쮮욽ꆣ퓚헢룶잰쳡쿂ꎬ폫웤쮵쫇룣쫐뎡뮯ꎬ늻죧쮵“쫐뎡떼쿲뗄볆뮮맜샭”룼ힼ좷킩ꆣ (2)“쫐뎡떼쿲”뗄맘볼쫇헦헽쇋뷢쫐뎡탨쟳ꎬ탨쟳풤닢쫖뛎뫍킧맻쫇쳡룟릩펦솴킧싊뗄맘볼ꆣ쫐뎡믺훆쿂ퟮ훘튪뗄쫇춨맽볛룱뺺헹믺훆ꎬ쪵쿖폅쪤쇓청ꎬ폃“뾴늻볻뗄쫖”뗷뷚뺭볃쪵쿖뻹뫢ꆣ떫쫇퇌닝릫쮾솦춼믘뇜쫐뎡볛룱뺺헹ꎬ뎢쫔폃늻춬뗄뚩떥풤 5쫽뻝살풴ꎺ짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾뺭볃탅쾢훐탄2007쓪1-6퓂춳볆놨뇭쫽뻝 6쇏살풴ꎺ2007쓪짏냫쓪쇣쫛뮧싺틢뛈뗷닩놨룦ꆣ룃쿮뗷닩평짮?쫐릫쮾캯췐짮?쫐캬뛈쫐뎡퇐뺿톯폐쿞릫쮾췪돉ꆣ 14
닢랽램살쳦듺볛룱탅쾢ꎬ떫쒿잰뗄탨쟳풤닢폐킧탔뮹횵뗃짌좶ꆣ2005쓪죽룶쫔뗣돇쫐럖뇰뛀솢뗘닉폃쇋죽훖늻춬뗄뚩떥풤닢랽램ꆣ웤훐ꎬ짮?ퟮ돵쫇쪵탐평믹닣튵컱풱훰룶폫쇣쫛뮧짌뚨뚩떥뗄랽쪽ꎬ몼훝쫇쪵탐춳볆돩퇹뫍붨솢춳볆쒣탍뗄랽램ꎬ듳솬퓲쪵탐틔쇣쫛뮧샺쪷쿺쫛쫽뻝캪믹뒡탎돉뚩떥뗄랽램ꆣ떫쫇ꎬ쪵볹횤쏷ꎬ퓚ퟜ솿쓪뛈볆뮮캪뫋탄뗄볆뮮뿲볜쿂ꎬ헢킩풤닢뗄뷡맻늢늻뿉뾿ꎬ튪춨맽ퟔ짏뛸쿂뛔믵풴뷸탐럖뷢틔뫳탎돉쯹캽풤뚩떥틔뫳ꎬ퓙폫쇣쫛뮧릵춨좷죏탎돉헽쪽뚩떥ꆣ퓚ퟜ솿볆뮮폫쪵볊쿺쫛솽룶뮷뷚횮볤퓶볓쇋틔뻭퇌욷훖캪쓚죝뗄룼캪쾸뮯뗄볆뮮돌탲ꎬ쪵볊뮹쫇튻훖볆뮮랽램ꆣ (3)퓚늻룄뇤퇌닝릫쮾뗄탐헾슢뛏뗘캻뫍ퟜ솿볆뮮뗄잰쳡쿂ꎬ뿉틔듙뷸쇋닺욷뷡릹뗷헻ꆣ샽죧퓚내뚩떥릩믵뗄쇷돌훐ꎬ퇌닝릫쮾뛔뻟쳥뻭퇌릩펦욷훖뷡릹뷸탐쇋룼캪뻟쳥뗄볆뮮맜샭ꎬ쳥쿖쇋릫쮾ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭쿲뷡릹탔볆뮮맜샭뗄랢햹ꆣ떫쫇ꎬ컒죏캪ꎬ퓚뻭퇌엺랢튵컱뗄좫맽돌훐탨쟳풤닢ꆢ뿢듦맜샭뫍닉릺맜샭뗄룄뷸붫쫇쳡룟짌욷ퟩ횯킧싊뗄죽룶믹놾쓚죝ꆣ듓쪵쪩쟩뿶살뾴ꎬ짮?쫐릫쮾퓚뚩떥풤닢랽쏦ퟶ쇋뷏뛠뗄릤ퟷꎬ떫쫇짌튵뿢듦뗄뷡릹맜샭뫍릤짌킭춬뗄닉릺맜샭솽랽쏦퓲쿠뛔훍뫳ꆣ듓뾪쪼쫔뗣틔살ꎬ욬쏦맘힢뚩떥맜샭ꎬ킧싊쳡짽뗄킧맻늢늻쿔훸ꎬ뷱쓪짏냫쓪뿢듦ퟜ솿춬뇈퓶듳쇋30%틔짏ꎬ뻭퇌욷훖쫽솿룟뻓늻쿂ꎬ쎻쓜췆뚯훍쿺욷없뗄복짙ꆣ뿉볻맜샭킧싊뗄쳡짽쫇럻뫏쒾춰풭샭뗄ꎬ탨튪틔짏죽룶랽쏦뗄릲춬엤뫏ꆣ ퟛ뫏웰살ꎬ퇌닝릫쮾횻폐뛔뺭펪킧싊뷸탐폐킧뗘쳡짽닅쓜릻쪹웳튵랢햹평틀삵훆뛈폅쫆뇤캪틀뾿맜샭폅쫆ꆣퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭튪퓚뻭퇌릩펦솴훐쪵쿖쿲잰뫍쿲뫳룷뮷뷚뗄퇓짬ꎬ퓚쳡룟릫쮾뺭펪킧싊훐랢믓믽벫ퟷ폃ꆣ펦훘뗣맘힢ꎺ(1)춻돶탨쟳맜샭ꎬ쳡룟뛔쫐뎡탨쟳뗄죏쪶쓜솦ꎻ(2)듙뷸릤짌웳튵뗄킭뗷ꎬ잿뗷믵풴ퟩ횯쓜솦틔벰뛔쫐뎡탨쟳뗄릩펦컈뚨뗘룸폨싺ퟣ뗄쓜솦ꎻ (3)볓잿웳튵쓚늿뻭퇌뺭펪뷡릹맜샭ꎬ쳘뇰쫇뿢듦맜샭ꎻ(4)볓잿쳥훆탔벨킧뫍뺭펪킧싊탔벨킧뗄쪶뇰뫍맜샭ꆣ 15
4 뻭퇌쿺쫛볛룱맜샭 퇌닝릫쮾뗄볛룱맜샭쫇볆뮮맜샭뗄ퟩ돉늿럖ꎬ헢쫇평탐튵뗄슢뛏탔훊뫍볆뮮맜샭쳥훆뻶뚨뗄ꆣ맺볒뻖뗄볛룱뒦짨퓚볆뮮쮾ꎬ좫맺룷쪡벶릫쮾볛룱맜샭횰쓜뻹쇐퓚볆뮮뒦ꎬ뗘쫐벶릫쮾튻냣쎻폐볛룱맜샭늿쏅ꎬ평튵컱늿쏅횴탐짏벶뚨볛ꆣ 퇌닝릫쮾볛룱맜샭뗄믹놾쳘뗣ꎬ튻쫇놣돖쇋뷏룟뗄쿺쫛볛룱쮮욽ꎬ쪵쿖뷏듳뗄슢뛏샻죳ꎬ뛾쫇쪵탐볛룱만뚨훆ꎬ춨맽춶럅솿뗄뗷뷚뛸늻쫇볛룱뗷헻살쫊펦탨쟳뗄뇤뮯ꆣ 뻭퇌쿺쫛볛룱맜샭랢햹뇤뮯쟩뿶 짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾뗄볛룱맜샭뺭샺쇋듓럅뾪떽벯훐뗄맽돌ꆣ 볆뮮뺭볃쳥훆쪱웚ꎬ춬맺쓚듳뛠쫽짌욷튻퇹ꎬ뻭퇌볛룱쪵탐헾뢮뚨볛ꆣ짏쫀볍냋쪮쓪듺틔뫳ꎬ쯦ퟅ뺭볃룄룯뗄짮죫랢햹ꎬ맺볒춳튻뚨볛뗄쳥훆놻춻웆ꎬ볛룱훰늽럅뾪ꆣ떽1996쓪돵늽탎돉쇋퇌닝쫐뎡볛룱믺훆ꎬ뻭퇌돶뎧볛ꆢ엺랢볛뫍쇣쫛볛쯦탐뻍쫐ꆣ쫐릫쮾뫍쿂쫴럖릫쮾뚼뿉틔듓릤튵웳튵뗷뷸뻭퇌ꎬ룷떥캻ퟔ탐훆뚨놾릫쮾뗄엺랢볛ꎬ볛룱맜샭짏쫇틔쫐뎡탎돉볛캪훷뗄뷗뛎ꆣ떫쫇볛룱럅뾪틔뫳ꎬ룷뗘퇌닝릫쮾듳뷸듳돶ꆢ붵볛뺺쿺ꆢ맽뛈뺺헹ꎬ럇램엺랢떹싴뻭퇌퇏훘ꎬ뺭볃훈탲믬싒ꎬ뻭퇌볛룱뗍쏔ꎬ탐튵킧틦퓶뎤랦솦ꆣ 퇌닝탐튵훰늽볓잿탐튵뺭볃훈탲뗄헻뛙ꎬ퓚볛룱맜샭짏뾪쪼쪵탐췆탐ퟮ뗍쿞볛ꆢ춳볛뗈듫쪩ꆣ2000쓪웰짮?쫐릫쮾뾪쪼쪵탐벯훐춳튻뗄릺쿺맜샭ꎬ좡쿻럖릫쮾뗄췢닉좨ꎬ맦뚨럖릫쮾횻쓜듓쫐릫쮾뷸믵ꎬ평쫐릫쮾쿲룷릤튵웳튵춳튻뗷뷸뻭퇌ꆣ퓚볛룱맜샭짏ꎬ훰늽좡쿻럖릫쮾뗄ퟔ훷뚨볛좨쿞ꎬ평쫐릫쮾춳튻훆뚨쾵춳쓚뗷늦볛뫍뛔췢엺랢볛ꆣ 2004쓪뾪쪼ꎬ맺볒뻖뷸튻늽췆뚯평쪡쓚춳튻엺랢볛쿲뛠쪡쟸폲춳볛뫍좫맺춳볛랢햹ꎬ쒿잰틑탎돉죴룉룶쟸폲춳볛욬쟸ꎬ짮?쫐쫇쫴폚훐쓏춳볛욬쟸ꎨ냼삨쏶룓뛵쿦퓁짮맰쟭뗈냋쪡쟸쫐ꎩꆣ맺볒퇌닝싴뻖볆뮮쮾컯볛뒦쏅뢺퓰퇐뺿뫍훆뚨탐튵볛룱헾닟ꎬ뛔좫탐튵뗄볛룱맜샭볓잿쇋볠맜뫍횸떼ꆣ 뻭퇌쿺쫛뚨볛맜샭뗄릤ퟷ돌탲 뷜싞쒷·싳뾨컽ퟜ뷡돶ꎬ퓚쫐뎡뺭볃쳵볾쿂ꎬ웳튵뿉틔붫닺욷ꆢ볛룱ꆢ뗘뗣뫍듙쿺뗈쯄룶랽쏦뗄뿉뿘훆틲쯘볓틔ퟩ뫏살쪵쿖ퟮ캪폐샻뗄벨킧쒿뇪ꎬ헢뻍쫇뺭뗤뗄4P’S펪쿺ퟩ뫏ꎬ웤훐볛룱쫇ퟮ훘튪뗄뿉뇤뿉뿘뗄펪쿺쓚죝ꎬ웳튵탨튪캪닺욷훆뚨튻룶뫏샭 16
뗄볛룱ꎬ늢퓚쫊떱뗄쪱뫲뛔볛룱뷸탐뗷헻ꎨ컢붡낲ꎬ2000ꎩꆣ떫쫇ꎬ퇌닝릫쮾쪵탐슢뛏볛룱헾닟ꎬ춨맽쿺솿뗄뗷뷚ꎬ쪹볛룱놣돖퓚뷏룟뗄쮮욽짏ꎬ틔놣횤슢뛏샻죳뗄쪵쿖ꎬ헢폫쫐뎡쳵볾쿂뗄볛룱맜샭폐룹놾쟸뇰ꆣ 짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾뻭퇌볛룱맜샭뗄훷튪뛔쿳쫇쯍믵볛 짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾벰쿂쫴릫쮾훷튪짦벰뗄뻭퇌볛룱럖캪돶뎧볛ꆢ뗷늦볛ꆢ쯍믵볛뫍쇣쫛횸떼볛뗈ꎺ(1)돶뎧볛쫇횸뻭퇌릤튵웳튵쿺쫛룸룷쪡벶퇌닝릫쮾뗄볛룱ꎬ벴쪡벶퇌닝릫쮾뗄릺뷸돉놾볛ꎬ쫇튻벶엺랢볛ꆣ(2)뗷늦볛쫇쪡벶퇌닝릫쮾뛔룷쿂쫴쟸럖릫쮾뗄쿺쫛볛룱ꎬ쫇뛾벶엺랢볛ꆣ(3)쯍믵볛쫇퇌닝릫쮾쿲쇣쫛뮧쿺쫛뗄엺랢볛ꎬ평폚퇌닝릫쮾쳡릩쯍믵짏쏅뗄쿺쫛럾컱ꎬ맊돆캪쯍믵볛ꎬ쫇죽벶엺랢볛ꆣ(4)쇣쫛횸떼볛쫇퇌닝릫쮾퓚쯍믵볛뗄믹뒡짏릩쇣쫛뮧닎뾼뗄붨틩쇣쫛볛ꎬ쇣쫛뮧뗄쪵볊쇣쫛볛룱캪ퟔ훷뚨볛ꆣ 짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾뗄펯샻ꎬ살ퟔ뻭퇌돶뎧볛뫍쯍믵볛뗄닮볛ꆣ웤훐ꎬ뗷늦볛폫돶뎧볛횮볤뗄닮볛캪쫐릫쮾뗄쎫샻ꎬ쯍믵볛폫뗷늦볛뗄닮볛캪쿂쫴럖릫쮾뗄쎫샻ꆣ쒿잰ꎬ퇌닝릫쮾뗄쎫샻싊쫇쿠떱룟뗄ꎬ2006쓪쫐릫쮾뫍쿂쫴럖릫쮾ퟜ쎫샻싊듯%ꆣ쫐릫쮾폫럖릫쮾뗄샻죳럖엤맘쾵쫇평쫐릫쮾춨맽뗷늦볛ퟔ탐좷뚨ꎬ풭퓲짏튪쪹럖릫쮾뗄쿺쫛쎫샻싊듯떽8%ꎬ쒿잰쪵볊듯떽12%ꆣ뻭퇌쇣쫛뮧뗄뻭퇌쇣쫛볛ퟔ탐뚨볛ꎬ쎫샻싊룹뻝쇣쫛뮧뗄튵첬ꆢ돉놾ꆢ쇣쫛쓜솦뗄닮틬뛸폐뷏듳늻춬ꎬ룹뻝2004쓪컒쏇뷸탐뗄쇣쫛펯샻쟩뿶돩퇹뗷닩ꎬ쇣쫛뮷뷚쎫샻싊웕뇩뗍폚10%ꎬ튻킩듳뮧짵훁횻폐2-4%ꆣ 짏쫶볛룱훐ꎬ돶뎧볛캪릩펦뎧볒뚨볛ꎬ쇣쫛횸떼볛뷶릩쇣쫛뮧닎뾼ꎬ뗷늦볛쫇쾵춳쓚늿쫐릫쮾폫쿂쫴릫쮾횮볤뷸탐샻틦럖엤뗄뗷뷚룜룋ꆣ틲듋ꎬ짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾뚨볛뗄훷튪맜샭뛔쿳횸뗄쫇뻭퇌쿺쫛볛룱벴쯍믵볛ꆣ 훆뚨뫍뗷헻뻭퇌쯍믵볛뗄돌탲 탐튵쪵탐뿧쪡쟸폲춳튻엺랢볛틔살ꎬ쪵탐욬쟸쪡벶릫쮾싖횵맜샭뗄훆뛈ꎬ싖횵뗄훜웚캪냫쓪ꎬ뻭퇌쿺쫛볛룱뗄뚨볛맜샭훷튪평욬쟸싖횵쪡벶릫쮾뢺퓰ꎬ맺볒뻖볆뮮쮾뛔욬쟸볛룱맜샭쪵탐볠맜ꎬ뛔룷욬쟸쿺쫛볛룱뷸탐뗇볇맜샭ꆣ 훆뚨뻭퇌탂맦룱쯍믵볛뗄돌탲쫇ꎺ (1)뚨볛짪쟫ꆣ뻭퇌탂맦룱튪평튻룶훷쿺쪡쟸뗄쪡벶릫쮾듺뇭룷쿺쟸쿲욬쟸싖횵떥캻쳡돶쫩쏦뚨볛짪쟫ꆣ짪쟫뗄붨틩볛룱췹췹쫇짺닺뎧볒폫훷쿺쪡벶릫쮾킭짌뫳탎돉뗄ꆣ룃맦룱쿺췹욬쟸쓚뛠룶쪡쟸뗄탫퓚짪쟫훐쮵쏷ꆣ 17
(2)뚨볛짳뫋ꆣ욬쟸싖횵떥캻뛔뚨볛짪쟫뗄헦쪵탔뷸탐뫋뛔ꎬ뛔붨짨볛룱뗄뫏샭탔뷸탐짳뫋ꎬ뚨볛뇘탫룷쪡럻뫏쪵볊뫍릲춬샻틦ꎬ늢튪싺ퟣ맺볒뻖쯹훆뚨뗄볛룱헾닟뗄폐맘튪쟳ꆣ (3)뚨볛놸낸ꆣ뛔뚨볛짪쟫뗄짳뫋춨맽틔뫳ꎬ평싖횵떥캻쿲맺볒뻖짏놨뚨볛놸낸ꎬ맺볒뻖붫웤쇐죫좫맺춳튻엺랢볛룱쒿슼ꎬ늢붫룃맦룱뻭퇌쇐죫좫맺뿉뿧쪡붻틗쒿슼ꎬힼ탭릤튵웳튵폫욬쟸룷쪡벶릫쮾뷸탐붻틗ꆣ맺볒뻖튪붫놸낸쟩뿶뫍붻틗엺ힼ쿲싖횵떥캻헽쪽춨횪ꆣ (4)뚨볛춨횪ꆣ싖횵떥캻뷓떽맺볒뻖틑놸낸뫍퓊탭붻틗뗄춨횪뫳ꎬ쿲욬쟸쓚쯹폐쪡벶릫쮾랢늼뚨볛춨횪ꆣ (5)볛룱횴탐뫍볬닩ꆣ욬쟸쓚룷쪡벶릫쮾튪내평짏쫶돌탲쯹뚨볛룱뷸탐쿺쫛ꎬ뢺퓰볬닩놾쾽쟸쓚룷쿂쫴퇌닝릫쮾뗄볛룱횴탐쟩뿶ꆣ욬쟸싖횵떥캻뫍맺볒뻖튲믡뛔볛룱횴탐쟩뿶ퟩ횯늻뚨웚뗄볬닩ꆣ 퇌닝릫쮾쿺쫛볛룱튻냣쫇만뚨뗄ꆣ캪쇋캬뮤탐튵샻죳ꎬ놣돖릫쮾펯샻쮮욽ꎬ퇌닝릫쮾튻냣늻믡닉좡뗷뗍볛룱살듙쿺ꆣ뛔폚훍쿺쪱볤맽뎤뗄욷훖ꎬ튻냣믡놻쟥샭돶뗷뷸볆뮮듓뛸췋돶짮?쫐뎡ꆣ퓚룶뇰쟩뿶쿂ꎬ떱뎧볒뗷헻펪쿺닟싔늢ힼ놸훘탂뚨캻쒿뇪쫐뎡쪱ꎬ퇌닝릫쮾닅믡엤뫏뎧볒내돌탲뗷헻볛룱ꎬ떫뗷볛뗄짪쟫뫍짳엺돌탲폫뚨볛돌탲믹놾튻퇹ꆣ 뻭퇌쿺쫛볛룱폫쫕죫 슢뛏탔웳튵뗄슢뛏샻죳뗃틔쪵쿖뗄횱뷓풭틲쫇뛔볛룱뗄뿘훆ꎬ퓚짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾ꎬ훷튪쳥쿖폚뛔뻭퇌쿺쫛볛룱쮮욽뗄뿘훆짏ꆣ 퇌닝릫쮾뗄쫐뎡뗘캻뫍뻭퇌쿻럑탨쟳떯탔룅뿶 짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾퓚놾뗘뻭퇌릺쿺짏쫇뒦폚슢뛏뗘캻ꆣ탐튵맦뚨뻭퇌릤튵웳튵뻭퇌춨맽맺볒뻖뗄춳튻욽첨쿺췹룷쪡벶릫쮾ꎬ늻쓜횱뷓쿺쫛룸룷쪡쯹쾽뗄쇣쫛짌뫍뗘쿘벶퇌닝럖릫쮾ꎬ럱퓲쫴폚캥맦뗄“쳥췢톭뮷”ꆣ짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾듓룷뻭퇌짺닺웳튵릺뷸뻭퇌뫳ꎬ쪵탐“튻룶쇺춷럅쮮”ꎬ쿲쿂쫴퇌닝릫쮾엺뗷ꎬ퓙평쿂쫴퇌닝릫쮾쿲쇣쫛짌쿺쫛ꆣ퇌닝릫쮾냑캬뮤쫐뎡슢뛏뗘캻ퟷ캪싴맜샭뗄ퟮ훘튪쓚죝ꎬ춨맽뛠훖랽쪽뗄볬닩뫍볠맜듲믷“쳥췢톭뮷”ꆢ“럇램쟾뗀뷸믵”뫍“컞횤뺭펪”ꆣ웤훐ꎬ“쳥췢톭뮷”쫇횸퇌닝릤짌튵웳튵늻내헕탐튵맦뚨뗄돌탲뫍쟾뗀뷸탐뻭퇌쇷춨뗄탐캪ꎬ“럇램쟾뗀뷸믵”쫇횸튻킩쇣쫛뮧늻ퟱ쫘맦뚨듓놾뗘퇌닝릫쮾틔췢뗄쟾뗀뷸믵ꎬ“컞횤뺭펪”쫇횸쎻폐뻭퇌쇣쫛탭뿉횤ꎬ떫춨맽럇램쟾뗀좡뗃믵풴뷸탐뻭퇌쇣쫛ꆣ 18
뻭퇌쿻럑쫇튻훖쾰맟탔쿻럑ꎬ죋쏇웕뇩뗘죏캪뻭퇌탨쟳볛룱떯탔쫇뇈뷏킡뗄ꆣ뛔듋ꎬ뺭볃톧볒폐맣랺뗄쪵횤탔퇐뺿ꆣ튻킩뺭볃톧볒쏇죏캪ꎬ뻭퇌닺욷탨쟳뗄볛룱떯탔뷩폚훁횮볤(릨뷰쇺ꎬ2002)ꆣ억놴뛻붱뗄믱뗃헟Becker(1997)퓸뻍뻭퇌볛룱뛔뻭퇌쿻럑뗄펰쿬뷸탐쇋뎤웚뗄퇐뺿ꎬ쯻뗃돶뗄퇐뺿뷡싛쫇ꎺ퓚뛌쪱웚쓚ꎬ뻭퇌볛룱퓶뎤10%ꎬ붫믡떼훂뻭퇌쿻럑솿쿂붵4%ꎻ퓚뎤쪱볤쓚ꎬ죧맻뻭퇌볛룱짏헇10%ꎬ뻭퇌쿻럑솿퓲믡쿂붵 룶냙럖뗣ꆣ듓컒맺뗄쪵볹뾴ꎬ춨맽ퟜ솿뿘훆ꎬ뻭퇌볛룱늻뛏쳡룟ꎬ뛸퇌닝탐튵뗄릤짌쮰샻쮮욽듳럹쳡룟ꎬ튲펡횤쇋탨쟳볛룱떯탔쫇뷏킡뗄ꆣ 튻냣살붲ꎬ뻭퇌쿻럑횧돶햼룶죋횧돶뗄뇈훘뷏킡ꎬ뛌웚쓚뻭퇌쿻럑탨쟳뗄쫕죫떯탔뇈볛룱떯탔룼킡ꆣ뛔폚훐룟쫕죫퇌쏱뛸퇔ꎬ뻭퇌쿻럑솿튻냣늻믡쫜쫕죫뇤뚯뗄펰쿬ꆣ평폚쫕죫뗄풼쫸ꎬ뗍쫕죫뷗닣뛔뻭퇌쿻럑탨쟳뗄쫕죫뫍볛룱떯탔뚼싔듳튻킩7ꆣ 떱탨쟳좱랦떯탔쪱ꎬ볛룱뗄쳡룟믡쪹퇌닝릫쮾뗄쿺쫛쫕죫퓶볓ꎨ쮹싞싼ꎬ2001ꎩꆣ틲듋퓚릩룸짏퇌닝탐튵쫇쪵탐“쫊뛈듓뷴”뗄릩펦랽헫ꎬ춨맽쳡룟쿺쫛볛룱쮮욽ꎬ쪵쿖쿺쫛뛮뫍샻죳뗄퓶뎤ꆣ퓚볆뮮맜샭짏ꎬ짮?쫐릫쮾뛔뛾벶릫쮾뗄욽뻹쿺쫛볛룱쮮욽쿂듯쇋쓪뛈뾼뫋죎컱ꎬ늢뛔룷퓂욽뻹볛룱쮮욽뷸탐뿘훆ꆣ퓚쓪뛈볆뮮뗄췆뚯쿂ꎬ뛾벶릫쮾뷼쓪쿺쫛볛룱쮮욽늻뛏쳡룟ꎬ틔싞뫾릫쮾캪샽ꎬ컥쓪살떥쿤쿺쫛뛮욽뻹쓪퓶뎤싊룟듯%ꎬ죧춼4-1ꆣ ㄸ〰?ㄶ〰?ㄴ〰?쓪뛈죎컱ㄲ〰?〰?쪵볊췪돉㠰〰㘰〰㐰〰㈰〰?㈰〲㈰〳㈰〴㈰〵㈰〶쓪럝 춼4-1 싞뫾쟸릫쮾뷼쓪떥쿤쿺쫛뛮볆뮮췪돉쟩뿶 볛룱쮮욽돖탸쳡짽쫇킧틦늻뛏퓶뎤뗄훘튪풭틲 1ꎩ샻죳룟쯙퓶뎤뗄훷튪풭틲 뻅컥웚볤ꎬ짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾벰쿂쫴웳튵샻죳랭쇋솽랬ꎬ평2001쓪뗄틚풪퓶떽2005쓪뗄틚풪ꎬ쓪뻹퓶쯙룟듯%ꆣ 쪵쿖샻죳룟쯙퓶뎤뗄틲쯘훷튪쫇죽랽쏦ꎺ 7룹뻝짮?쫐뻭퇌쿻럑쫐뎡뗷닩뗄럖컶놨룦ꆣ룃쿮뗷닩평짮?쫐릫쮾뫍췲쇺쳚쫐뎡퇐뺿톯릫쮾폚2004쓪10퓂ퟩ횯ꆣ 19떥쿤쿺쫛뛮⢵ꗎ묺풪?
뗚튻ꆢ쯦ퟅ탐튵볓잿뻭퇌쿺쫛췸싧붨짨뫍볓잿싴맜샭ꎬ춬쪱짮?쫐죋뿚퓶뎤톸쯙ꎬ뻭퇌쿺솿듳럹퓶뎤ꆣ2001쓪쿺솿췲쿤ꎬ2005쓪쪵쿖랭랬ꎬ듯떽췲쿤ꆣ 뗚뛾ꆢ평폚탐튵쫐뎡슢훆솦늻뛏볓잿ꎬ늢쟒쫜컯볛짏헇뫍뻓쏱쫕죫쳡룟뗈틲쯘펰쿬ꎬ욽뻹뻭퇌볛룱쮮욽듳럹쳡룟ꆣ2001쓪떥쿤쿺쫛뛮8145풪ꎬ2005쓪듯떽14336췲풪ꎬ퓶뎤76%ꆣ 뗚죽ꆢ뻭퇌쿺쫛쎫샻싊컈훐폐짽ꆣ웤훐ꎬ2003쓪쎫샻싊캪%ꎬ2004쓪캪%ꆣ폈웤쫇2005쓪쟸폲춳볛틔뫳볛룱뿘훆솦뷸튻늽쳡룟ꎬ듯떽%ꆣ 틔짏죽룶랽쏦훐ꎬ뫳솽뗣폫뛔뻭퇌쿺쫛볛룱뗄뿘훆횱뷓쿠맘ꎬ뛔폚샻죳퓶뎤랢믓ퟅ훘튪ퟷ폃ꆣ짮?쫐릫쮾춨맽쓪뛈벨킧뾼뫋살볓잿뛔쿺쫛볛룱쮮욽뗄틽떼ꎬ룷떥캻뇈뷏잿뗷훐룟떵뻭퇌ꎬ뛔폚뗍떵퇌퓲쫊떱뿘훆쿺쫛뇈샽ꆣ 2ꎩ뛔쳡룟뻭퇌볛룱쮮욽뗄쿞훆 쳡룟볛룱ퟜ쳥쮮욽듸살뗄컊쳢훷튪폐솽뗣ꎺ 튻쫇볛캻뗄쳡짽ퟮ훕튪쫜떽쫐뎡폐킧탨쟳뗄풼쫸ꆣ샽죧ꎬ뷼쓪살탐튵릤짌튵욬쏦ힷ쟳떥쿤뷡릹ꎬ뗍떵퇌릩늻펦쟳ꎬ돶쿖늿럝얩듥쫐뎡얩쏱룄컼ퟔ훆뻭퇌뫍뗍볛볙쎰뻭퇌첧춷뗄쿖쿳ꎬ쿻럑헟틢볻뫜듳ꆣ맺볒뻖죏쪶떽헢룶컊쳢뫳뾪쪼닉좡듫쪩퓶볓뗍떵퇌뗄짺닺ꎬ틔싺ퟣ쿻럑탨쟳ꆣ2007쓪쿂듯룸짮?쫐뗄뗍떵퇌쿺쫛죎컱쫇췲쿤ꎬ쫐릫쮾퓲내뗄쓪뛈쿺쫛볆뮮ퟜ솿내뇈샽럖뷢쿂듯룸룷뛾벶릫쮾ꆣ 뛾쫇퇌닝릫쮾뗄샻죳쮮욽룟폚뻭퇌릤튵뫍쇣쫛뮷뷚ꎬ틽웰뛔럖엤릫욽탔뗄맘힢ꆣ훷튪뇭쿖퓚뻭퇌짌튵웳튵샻죳퓶뎤쯙뛈돖탸뿬맽릤튵샻죳퓶쯙ꎬ쇣쫛뮷뷚뗄쎫샻싊웕욫뗍뗈랽쏦ꆣ뻭퇌짺닺ꆢ엺랢뫍쇣쫛룷뮷뷚횮볤럖엤맘쾵뗄킭뗷쫇놣횤탐튵붡뾵랢햹뗄믹뒡ꎬ죧맻짌튵웳튵샻죳맽폚벯훐ꎬ늻떫믡벷햼릤튵뫍쇣쫛뮷뷚뗄샻틦ꎬ뛸쟒믡쿷죵짌튵웳튵볓잿맜샭쳡룟킧싊뗄뚯솦ꆣ 뛔헢킩컊쳢ꎬ뿉틔춨맽볆뮮맜샭뷸탐뗷헻뫍뿘훆ꆣ뇈죧볓듳뗍떵퇌뗄춶럅ꎬ쿂듯뗍떵퇌쿺쫛볆뮮ꎻ퓚벨킧뾼뫋쪱ꎬ떭뮯뾼뫋떥쿤쿺쫛뛮뗄좨훘ꎬ복짙룷럖릫쮾쳡짽쿺쫛볛룱쮮욽뗄볓럖횵ꎻ쪵쪩뗷뷚럖엤뗄볛룱헾닟ꎬ실쪵맺볒뻖훷떼뗄볛룱쳝듎뮯헾닟뗈뗈ꆣ 3ꎩ놣돖뷏룟뗄볛룱쮮욽럻뫏놾웳튵샻틦 뛔폚쳡룟볛룱쮮욽뗄쿞훆틲쯘ꎬ맺볒뻖듓탐튵ퟜ쳥랢햹뗄뷇뛈살훷돖췆뷸쇋튻킩뗷헻믲헟쮵쫇죃늽듫쪩ꆣ늻맽ꎬ듓퇌닝릫쮾뗄놾쳥뷇뛈돶랢ꎬ웳튵뗄랢햹튪만좻튪힢훘짧믡킧틦ꎬ튪킭뗷짧믡럖엤맘쾵ꎬ떫쫗쿈튪뾼싇뗄뮹쫇웳튵ퟔ짭뗄뺭볃킧틦ꆣ틲듋 20
캪쇋놣횤놾웳튵늻뛏쳡짽뗄뺭볃킧틦ꎬ붫ퟜ쳥볛캻뺡뿉쓜뗘놣돖퓚뷏룟뗄쮮욽죔펦쫇짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾뗄믹놾뺭펪풭퓲ꆣ 쫐뎡볛룱탅쾢룺ퟙ 쫐뎡볛룱쫇릩쟳맘쾵뗄횱뷓랴펳ꎬ퇌닝릫쮾뛔쇣쫛쫐뎡볛룱탅쾢뗄쫕벯ꆢ헻샭뫍럖컶쫇죏쪶뻭퇌쇣쫛쫐뎡뗄믹놾쫖뛎ꆣ뺡맜퇌닝릫쮾믹놾짏슢뛏쇋짮?쫐뻭퇌엺랢튵컱ꎬ떫쫇뻭퇌럇램엺랢탐캪죔맣랺듦퓚ꎬ뛔쇣쫛쫐뎡볛룱뗄탎돉폐벫듳펰쿬ꆣ짮?쫐릫쮾뛔쇣쫛쫐뎡뗄뻭퇌볛룱ꎬ쳘뇰쫇헫뛔쫂쪵짏듓쫂럇램엺랢뗄쇣쫛듳뮧뗄뻭퇌쿺쫛볛룱붨솢쇋볛룱탅쾢룺ퟙ맜샭훆뛈ꎬ평볆뮮뒦컯볛탅쾢뿆뻟쳥뢺퓰ꆣ 럇램엺랢맣랺듦퓚 내헕퇌닝싴램뗄폐맘맦뚨ꎬ뷻횹컞퇌닝싴엺랢웳튵탭뿉횤뗄뻭퇌쇣쫛뮧뺭펪퇌닝훆욷엺랢튵컱ꆣ떫쫇쇣쫛쫐뎡뗄뺭펪쪵볊짏뇈뷏뢴퓓ꎬ돽쇋쇣쫛틔췢ꎬ뮹듦퓚듳솿뗄럇램엺랢탐캪ꆣ듦퓚럇램엺랢뗄풭틲훷튪폐죽뗣ꎺ 튻쫇퓚탐튵탐헾슢뛏쿂뻭퇌릩펦ퟜ솿쿠뛔듓뷴ꎬ탐튵뷏룟뗄샻죳쮮욽ꎬ컼틽짧믡뷰볓죫뻭퇌쇷춨ꆣ쳘뇰뇭쿖퓚짏쫀볍뻅쪮쓪듺룶쳥퇌랷뫍튻킩퇌닝릫쮾늻내맦뚨뗄쇷춨쟾뗀릺뷸뫍쿺쫛뻭퇌ꎬ룣“쳥췢톭뮷”ꎬ쒲좡샻죳ꆣ“쳥췢톭뮷”퓚짏쫀볍뻅쪮쓪듺뇈뷏퇏훘ꎬ튲돶쿖쇋늻짙캥램캥볍낸볾ꆣ퇏뿘“쳥췢톭뮷”쫇뷼벸쓪탐튵훎샭헻뛙볓잿쓚늿맜샭뗄훘뗣ꎬ춨맽뛔릤튵짌튵퇌닝웳튵랴뢴뷸탐볬닩ꎬ쒿잰틑뺭뷏뫃뗘뗃떽뿘훆ꆣ 뛾쫇퇌닝릫쮾뗄엺랢튵컱뫍쿻럑헟탨쟳횮볤좱랦횱뷓솪쾵ꎬ뛔쫐뎡뇤뚯뗄쫊펦탔늻릻ꎬ죝틗탎돉뷡릹탔쪧뫢ꆣ퓚쯍믵볛만뚨뗄쳵볾쿂ꎬ믹닣캪췪돉쿺솿ꎬ뇘탫춨맽듮엤뗄랽쪽쿺쫛룸튻킩듳뮧ꎬ듳뮧퓙내쫐뎡탐쟩쯦탐뻍쫐쿲웤쯻쇣쫛뮧엺랢ꎬ쪵쿖뻭퇌볛룱뗄쫐뎡뮯ꆣ짌욷뷡릹탔틲쯘쫇싴듳뮧뗄훷튪쓚늿풭틲ꎬ헢룶틲쯘좫맺뚼듦퓚ꎬ뛸쟒횻폐탐튵릤튵훘ퟩ뫍욷없헻뫏헦헽췪돉틔뫳닅폐췻뎹뗗쿻돽ꆣ 죽쫇짮?쫐뎡쇣쫛뮧쇷뚯탔잿ꎬ컞횤뺭펪돌뛈퇏훘ꆣ짮?쫐2005쓪퓸벯훐쟥샭컞헕컞횤뺭펪릤짌뮧21췲뮧ꎬ웤훐15췲뮧냬횤틔뫳ꎬ뷘훁2006쓪6퓂뗗짮?쫐힢닡룶쳥릤짌뮧풼캪38췲8ꎬ뿉볻컞횤뺭펪뗄뇈샽쫇뫜룟뗄ꆣ내헕싴맜샭맦뚨ꎬ퇌닝릫쮾늻쓜뛔컞횤뮧릩믵ꎬ쫐뎡ퟔ랢탎돉컞횤뺭펪뮧샻폃늿럖돖횤뮧뷸믵럖쿺ꎬ늢듙돉쇋럇램엺랢듳뮧뗄탎돉ꆣ펦룃쮵ꎬ컒맺뛔훐킡뺭펪뮧뗄릤짌뗇볇맜샭훆뛈뮹폐듽췪짆ꎬ쿖탐릤짌쮰컱뗇볇훆뛈쏅볷욫룟ꎬ늻샻폚뷢뻶뻍튵뫍뒴튵춶ꎬ뛔퇌닝릫쮾뗄쫐뎡릩펦튲쫇럇뎣듳뗄헏낭ꆣ 8쇏살풴ꎺ짮?쳘쟸놨ꎬ2006쓪7퓂12죕ꎬ짮?짌놨2006쓪7퓂22죕ꆣ 21
뻍쫐뎡볛룱뛔릩쟳맘쾵뗄랴펳살붲ꎬ럇램엺랢볛룱뇈쫐뎡쇣쫛볛룱룼캪믮풾ꎬ뛔쫐뎡릩쟳맘쾵뗄뇤뚯룼캪쏴룐ꎬ뛔쫐뎡뗄펰쿬솦룼듳ꎬ틲뛸웤볛룱탅쾢룼캪훘튪ꆣ쪵볊짏ꎬ컒쏇룺ퟙ쫐뎡볛룱탅쾢뗄훷튪뛔쿳ꎬ헽쫇퇌닝릫쮾엺랢룸쇣쫛뮧틔뫳ꎬ퓚쇣쫛쫐뎡짏평폚쇣쫛뮧횮볤럇램엺랢싴쯹탎돉뗄뻭퇌엺랢볛룱ꆣ 쫐뎡볛룱탅쾢룺ퟙ뗄맜샭 룹뻝쫐뎡볛룱탅쾢룺ퟙ뗄탨튪ꎬ컒쏇붨솢쇋튻쳗쫐뎡볛룱탅쾢맜샭믺훆ꎺ (1)퓚좫쫐쇣쫛뮧훐톡좡폐듺뇭탔뗄룶쳥쇣쫛짌뮧ퟷ캪볛룱탅쾢뗣ꆣ튻냣쫇톡좡뺭펪쪱볤뇈뷏뎤ꎬ맦쒣뷏듳ꎬ폫퇌닝릫쮾맘쾵뇈뷏뫃뗄쇣쫛뮧ꆣ쒿잰탅쾢뗣릲폐20볒ퟳ폒ꆣ캪쇋맄샸탅쾢뗣뗄릤ퟷ엤뫏ꎬ퇌닝릫쮾믡쎿퓂릩펦튻뚨쫽솿뗄뷴쟎퇌ퟷ캪믘놨ꆣ (2)볆뮮뒦컯볛뿆훆뚨늢쿂랢뻭퇌쫐볛놨볛뇭ꎬ평쇣쫛뮧쎿훜솽듎내웤쪵볊쿺쫛볛룱쳮놨ꆣ (3)컯볛뿆뛔볛룱놨뇭뷸탐헻샭ꎬ뛔룷탅쾢뗣뗄놨볛뷸탐욽뻹틔뫳ꎬ짺돉쎿훜쫐볛탅쾢ퟛ뫏뇭ꆣ (4)컯볛뿆쫐볛탅쾢ퟛ뫏뇭럖랢폐맘쇬떼뫍늿쏅ꎬퟷ캪뗷헻춶럅솿뗄닎뾼ꆣ늢쿲폐맘뎧볒랴삡쿠펦뗄쫐볛탅쾢ꎬ춨맽탅쾢릲쿭ꎬ쳡룟릩룸뛔쫐뎡탨쟳뗄쿬펦쓜솦ꆣ (5)내퓂볆쯣룷뻭퇌맦룱뗄욽뻹쫐뎡볛룱ꎬ늢내쿺솿볓좨틔뫳볆쯣뻭퇌쫐뎡볛룱ퟛ뫏횸쫽ꎬ랴펳쫐뎡ퟜ쳥볛룱뇤뚯뗄벾뷚탔쟷쫆ꆣ 쫐볛탅쾢룺ퟙ맜샭듦퓚뗄훷튪컊쳢폐ꎺ뗚튻ꎬ볛룱탅쾢뗄훊솿쎻폐놣횤ꆣ뇭쿖퓚탅쾢뗣쫽솿욫짙ꎬ탅쾢뗄헦쪵탔뫍ힼ좷탔좱랦폐킧볠뿘ꎬ뛔탅쾢뗣놨볛릤ퟷ뗄벤샸늻릻뗈랽쏦ꆣ뗚뛾ꎬ볛룱탅쾢뗄헻샭뫍럖컶늻돤럖ꎬ훷튪춣쇴퓚쫽뻝쫕벯뫍볲떥볆쯣ꎬ쎻폐탎돉튻쳗탅쾢럖컶뫍탅쾢뒦샭쒣탍ꆣ뗚죽ꎬ볛룱탅쾢뗄쪹폃뮹늻맦랶ꎬ퓚뻭퇌닉릺틔벰춶럅뮷뷚짏좱랦돌탲뮯뗄릤ퟷ맘솪ꆣ 늻맽ꎬ컒죏캪맜샭릤ퟷ쫇붲뺿춶죫닺돶뛔뇈맘쾵뗄쪵볹믮뚯ꆣ쳡룟볛룱탅쾢룺ퟙ맜샭쮮욽ꆢ룄뷸짏쫶랽쏦컊쳢뗄쓑뛈쯤좻늢늻듳ꎬ떫쫇웳튵맜샭튪룹뻝쪵볊튪쟳ꎬ퓚뛔웳튵샻틦뒴퓬맽돌훐뇈뷏듎튪뗄뮷뷚퓊탭춶죫짙튻킩릤ퟷ듖튻뗣ꆣ퓚쒿잰퇌닝릫쮾슢뛏뺭펪뗄쳵볾쿂ꎬ뛔쇣쫛쫐뎡뗄맘힢뮹쫇쿠뛔듓쫴탔뫍늹돤탔뗄ꎬ웤뛔뺭펪뗄닎뾼ퟷ폃튪럾듓뫍럾컱폚퇌닝릫쮾ퟜ솿뫍볛룱뗄볆뮮맜샭ꆣ 춳튻엺랢볛룱뫍쇣쫛볛쏷싫뇪볛 짏쫀볍뻅쪮쓪듺틔살ꎬ퇌닝릫쮾캪쇋볓잿탐헾슢뛏ꆢ릮만쫐뎡뿘훆솦ꆢ쪵쿖슢뛏샻죳ꎬ퓚싴ꆢ튵컱뗈랽쏦뗄맜샭짏뚼믽벫닉좡룷훖듫쪩ꎬ늻떫튪뛔쫐릫쮾쯹쫴웳튵뷸탐맦랶뫍뿘훆ꎬ뛸쟒얬솦뛔놾웳튵췢늿ꆢ뻭퇌릩펦솴뗄룷뮷뷚뚼쪩볓펰쿬ꆣ퓚볛룱 22
맜샭짏뗄춻돶뇭쿖쫇솦헹업돽쫐뎡볛룱뺺헹ꎬ쪵쿖뛔뻭퇌쫐뎡뗄볛룱뿘훆ꆣ훷튪뇭쿖냼삨춳튻엺랢볛룱뫍쇣쫛볛쏷싫뇪볛ꆣ 짮?쫐릫쮾듓2001쓪뾪쪼ꎬ맦랶쇷춨쟾뗀ꎬ좡쿻쇋럖릫쮾뗄췢닉좨ꎬ쪵탐쫐릫쮾벯훐닉릺ꎬ좡쿻쇋럖릫쮾뗄ퟔ훷뚨볛좨ꎬ쪵쿖쫐릫쮾춳튻엺랢볛ꆣ맺볒뻖폚2004쓪뾪쪼뎫떼쟸폲춳튻엺랢볛ꎬ떱쓪10퓂ꎬ짮?쫐릫쮾볓죫훐쓏춳볛욬쟸ꎬ쪵탐뻭퇌엺랢볛룱솪뚯믺훆ꆣ헢훖춬튵뺭펪헟횮볤쿞훆뺺헹뗄볛룱솪뫏럻뫏뾨쳘뛻ꎨcartelꎩ뗄튻냣쳘헷ꎨ폎ꎬ2006ꎩꆣ쯦ퟅ엺랢볛뿘훆돌뛈늻뛏볓짮ꎬ퇌닝릫쮾뗄쎫샻싊뫍샻죳쮮욽튲늻뛏쳡짽ꎬ뛔쳡룟퇌닝릫쮾뗄펯샻쓜솦웰쇋춻돶ퟷ폃ꆣ 2004쓪ꎬ맺볒퇌닝싴뻖볆뮮쮾튪쟳룷쪡벶릫쮾솪뫏떱뗘릤짌컯볛뻖좫쏦췆뚯뻭퇌쿺쫛쏷싫뇪볛믮뚯ꆣ쏷싫뇪볛놾짭늢럇퇌닝탐튵뗄룶뇰튪쟳뛸쫇쫐뎡뺭볃믮뚯뗄릲춬맦퓲ꆣ떫쫇쪵볊짏맺볒뻖낵쪾ꎬ쾣췻춨맽쏷싫뇪볛뗄탎쪽살쪵쿖“춳튻쇣쫛볛”ꎬ튪붫볛룱뿘훆솦듓엺랢뮷뷚퇓짬떽쇣쫛뮷뷚ꆣ냼삨짮?퓚쓚뗄탭뛠쪡쫐퇌닝릫쮾펡훆늢엉랢쇋뻭퇌뇪볛잩ꆣ퓚뇪볛잩짏ꎬ늻떫펡짏뻭퇌욷쏻ꆢ닺뗘뗈짌욷탅쾢ꎬ뛸쟒펡폐퇌닝릫쮾훆뚨뗄쇣쫛횸떼볛ꆣ떫펡짏쇣쫛횸떼볛뗄뇪볛잩웕뇩늻쫜뮶펭ꆣ쪵볊짏쇣쫛볛룱쫇룟뛈쫐뎡뮯뗄ꎬ튪쫜쇣쫛튵첬ꆢ뺭펪돉놾ꆢ쿺쫛랽쪽ꆢ탨쟳벾뷚탔뗈뛠훖틲쯘뗄펰쿬ꎬ늻뿉쓜만뚨퓚퇌닝릫쮾뗄쇣쫛횸떼볛짏ꆣ룷뗘퇌닝릫쮾뗄쏷싫뇪볛믮뚯뛠쫇펦뢶쇋쫂ꎬ랢맽튻싖뇪볛잩짏놨맺볒뻖췪돉죎컱틔뫳벴늻쇋쇋횮ꆣ 퇌닝릫쮾퓚엺랢뮷뷚춨맽춳볛믮뚯쯹쪵쿖뗄볛룱맜샭킧맻ꎬ퓚쇣쫛뮷뷚늢늻죝틗쪵쿖ꆣퟮ믹놾뗄풭틲퓚폚ꎬ춳튻엺랢볛뫍쏷싫뇪볛뗄쪵쪩쳵볾쫇룹놾늻춬뗄ꆣ춳튻엺랢볛쫇퓚퇌닝탐튵쓚ꎬ평맺볒뻖뎫떼짵훁닎폫뗄ꎬ듸폐탐헾횸쇮탔쳘뗣ꆣ뛸쏷싫뇪볛헫뛔뗄쇣쫛쫐뎡ꎬ쫇퇌닝릫쮾쓑틔쪵쪩탐헾뿘훆뗄췢늿뮷뷚ꆣ 떫늻맜쪵볊킧맻죧뫎ꎬ짮?쫐릫쮾ퟷ캪슢뛏탔웳튵ꎬퟜ쫇쫔춼붫뿉쓜뗄쫐뎡뿘훆솦뇤캪쿖쪵뗄뿘훆솦ꎬ헢퓚샭뷢웤볛룱맜샭탐캪쪱쫇뷏캪쏷좷뗄ꆣ 뻭퇌쿺쫛볛룱쳝듎뮯맜샭 뷼쓪살ꎬ평폚쫜떽슢뛏웳튵룟뛮샻죳늻샻폚짧믡릫욽뗄폟싛펰쿬ꎬ늢쟒퇌닝탐튵쓚늿릤짌웳튵샻틦럖엤맘쾵맽뛠뗘폐샻폚짌튵웳튵ꎬ맺볒퇌닝싴뻖뾪쪼퓋폃탐헾쫖뛎ꎬ쪵쪩볛룱맜훆헾닟ꎬ뛔뻭퇌쿺쫛볛룱뷸탐쳝듎뮯맜샭ꆣ쾣췻춨맽뛔퇌닝릫쮾쪵쪩탐헾탔볛룱헾닟살듯떽뗷뷚럖엤맘쾵뗄쒿뗄ꆣ 볛룱쳝듎뮯맜샭횸룹뻝뻭퇌뗄쫐뎡볛룱뚨캻,내헕맦뚨뗄샻죳싊살좷뚨엺랢볛룱뫍뗷늦볛룱뗄볛룱맜샭냬램ꎬ틔쪹춬튻볛캻뗄뻭퇌퓚퇌닝릫쮾뗄쿺쫛샻죳싊튻훂ꎬ벴쪵쿖“춬떵춬닮”ꆣ 23
ퟮ돵ꎬ뻭퇌볛룱쳝듎뮯맜샭쫇퓚퇌닝탐튵2003쓪뾪쪼뗄릤짌럖샫뫍릤튵훘ퟩ뗄놳뺰쿂ꎬ맺볒퇌닝싴뻖캪맦랶뻭퇌볛룱탐캪ꎬ뇜쏢뗍볛쟣쿺뗈볛룱뺺헹ꎬ뛔뻭퇌뗷늦볛룱뫍엺랢볛룱뗄볛룱맜훆ꆣ튪쟳튻샠퇌ꎨ늻몬쮰뗷늦볛50풪/쳵ꎩ쿺쫛샻죳싊늻뗃뗍폚25%ꎨ몬쇣쫛뮷뷚ꎩꎬ뛾샠퇌ꎨ30-50ꎩ늻뗃뗍폚20%ꎬ죽샠퇌20-30늻뗍폚10%ꆣ늢폚2004쓪뾪쪼내헕맺볒뻖볛룱쳝듎뇭쪵탐횸쇮탔볛룱맩떵맜샭ꆣ헢쪱뗄쳝듎뮯맜샭뗄쓚죝ꎬ훷튪쫇뛔엺랢볛쪵탐ퟮ뗍쿞볛ꎬ쫴폚춳튻엺랢볛헾닟뗄엤쳗듫쪩ꎬ쫇볆뮮맜샭쳥훆쿂업돢볛룱뺺헹뗄쳥쿖ꆣ 2005쓪틔뫳ꎬ퇌닝릫쮾뗄쫐뎡슢뛏솦솿돖탸볓잿ꎬ뻭퇌볛룱쮮욽뫍쎫샻싊늻뛏췆룟ꎬ돶쿖짌튵샻죳뎬쯙퓶뎤ꎬ샻틦럖엤룱뻖쿲짌튵쟣킱ꆣ맺볒뻖뾪쪼잿뗷킭뗷샻틦맘쾵뗄쒿뇪ꎬ뛔볛룱쳝듎뮯헾닟뷸탐뗷헻ꎬ룄뇤횻맦뚨룷떵뻭퇌쿺쫛샻죳싊쿂쿞캪쏷좷맦뚨룷떵뻭퇌뗄쿺쫛샻죳싊ꎬ뿘훆퇌닝릫쮾샻폃쫐뎡뿘훆솦쳡룟뻭퇌쿺쫛샻죳싊ꆣ쳝듎뮯맜샭뛔퇌닝릫쮾뛸퇔훷튪쫇뛔엺랢볛뗄ퟮ룟쿞볛ꎬ쪵볊뇤돉뗷뷚럖엤맘쾵뗄듫쪩ꆣ 뻭퇌볛룱쳝듎뮯맜샭쳥쿖쇋퇌닝탐튵뗄뫪맛뗷뿘릦쓜ꆣ퓚럖엤맘쾵짏폐샻폚뿘훆짌튵웳튵샻죳뗄맽뿬퓶뎤ꎻ폖샻폚뷸튻늽쿻돽뗘쟸럢쯸ꎬ듙뷸릤튵훘ퟩꆣ떫쫇탐튵볛룱맜훆늻뛏볓잿ꎬ쪹쪡벶퇌닝릫쮾즥쪧쇋뻭퇌뚨볛좨ꎬ뺭펪좨뷸튻늽쿲맺볒뻖벯훐ꎬ잿뮯쇋탐튵헻쳥뗄슢뛏솦ꆣ짌튵웳튵뗄믽벫탔쫜떽듲믷ꎬ뛔짌튵웳튵뗄뺭펪킧싊폐늻샻펰쿬ꆣ늢쟒쳝듎뮯맜샭뛔릤튵웳튵쿖폐룱뻖펰쿬맽듳ꎬ샻틦맘쾵뗄뗷헻돌뛈뫜짮ꎬ헢쿮듫쪩뗄쪵쪩떽캻짐탨쪱죕ꆣ 뛔짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾뛸퇔ꎬ볛룱쳝듎뮯맜샭쫇탐튵헾닟뮷뺳틲쯘ꎬ쫇웳튵랢햹뗄췢늿쳵볾ꆣ헢훖헾닟뛔퇌닝릫쮾펯샻뗄훆풼돌뛈ꎬ탨튪볆뮮늿쏅폨틔닢쯣ꎬ늢뛔틆믲쫇쿻뮯웤쯰쪧ퟶ돶낲업ꆣ 24
5 벨킧뾼뫋폫퓋탐뿘훆 짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾뛔룷쿂쫴릫쮾뗄벨킧뾼뫋뫍퓋탐뿘훆쫇볆뮮맜샭뗄훘튪쓚죝ꆣ훷튪쫇퓋폃쒿뇪맜샭ꎨManagement by objectivesꎬMBOꎩ랽램ꎬ춨맽“쮫컄쏷뾼뫋쯣횸뇪쳥쾵”룷떥캻뷸탐쓪뛈뾼뫋ꎬ늢뛔퓂뛈퓋탐쪵탐뷸뛈뿘훆ꆣ 쒿뇪맜샭횸뇪쳥쾵 쒿뇪맜샭ꎨMBOꎩ쫇듳탍웳튵뺭뎣닉폃뗄튻훖맜샭냬램ꎬ춨맽짏쿂벶릲춬좷뚨뻟쳥뗄벨킧쒿뇪ꎬ늢뚨웚볬닩뷸뛈ꎬ릤ퟷ웚뷡쫸뫳룹뻝쒿뇪뗄췪돉쟩뿶뷸탐붱샸ꎨ싞뇶쮹ꎬ2002ꎩꆣ퇌닝탐튵훐ꎬ맺볒뻖뛔룷쪡벶릤튵릫쮾뫍짌튵릫쮾뷸탐쒿뇪맜샭ꎬ쪡벶릫쮾뛔쿂벶웳튵튲뷸탐쒿뇪맜샭ꆣ 쒿뇪뾼뫋뗄횸뇪쳥쾵뷡릹 짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾뛔쿂쫴웳튵뗄횸뇪쳥쾵평킧틦횸뇪ꆢ튵컱맜샭ꆢ싴맜샭뫍뺫짱컄쏷맜샭쯄늿럖ퟩ돉ꎬ죧춼5-1ꆣ뻟쳥횸뇪럖쿮솿뮯볆럖ꎬ쓪훕룷쿮볓ퟜ뷸탐ퟛ뫏움뇈ꆣ뷼벸쓪뾼뫋횸뇪쳥쾵뗄뷡릹쎻폐듳뗄뇤뚯ꎬ횸뇪짨훃뫍룷쿮횸뇪횵뗄짨볆퓲내쓪뛈룹뻝쪵볊쟩뿶뫍맜샭탨튪살뷸탐뗷헻ꆣ 틔2007쓪캪샽ꎬ횸뇪쳥쾵룷쿮횸뇪럖캪믹놾쿮뫍뢽볓쿮ꆣ웤훐믹놾쿮럖늼퓚킧틦횸뇪뫍싴맜샭횸뇪ꎬ릲짨7쿮ꎬ뇪ힼ럖100럖ꎬퟮ룟뿉뗃145럖ꆣ웤쯻볓복럖횸뇪쿮럖늼퓚튵컱맜샭ꆢ뺫짱컄쏷붨짨쿮쒿틔벰늿럖킧틦샠뢽볓쿮ꎬ릲짨11쿮ꆣ룷횸뇪쿮ퟜ볆ퟮ룟뿉쓜횵캪165럖ꆣ 룷쿮횸뇪뗄짨볆틀뻝쫇ꎺ(1)킧틦횸뇪쫇룹뻝퇌닝릫쮾샻죳탎돉맽돌뗄믹놾튪쯘살짨볆뗄ꆣ평폚뺭볃킧틦쫇웳튵ퟮ훘튪뗄뺭펪쒿뇪ꎬ틲듋퓚횸뇪쳥쾵훐뗄좨훘ퟮ듳ꎬ햼쇋믹놾럖뗄85럖ꆣ(2)튵컱맜샭횸뇪쫇캧죆뛔쇣쫛뮧쳡릩쿺쫛럾컱뗄룷훖맜샭듫쪩살짨볆ꎬ캪쳥쿖맜샭맦랶탔튪쟳ꎬ짨훃쇋뿉틔솿뮯뗄볓복럖횸뇪ꆣ(3) 싴맜샭쫇퇌닝릫쮾슢뛏뺭펪뗄믹놾놣헏ꎬ캪쳥쿖싴맜샭뗄훘튪탔ꎬ듙뷸싴맜샭릤ퟷꎬ틲듋짨볆쇋싴맜샭횸뇪ꎬ붫믹놾럖15럖뗄뾼뫋좨럖엤룸싴뒦ꆣ(4)웤쯻뗄탨쇐죫쒿뇪맜샭뗄맜샭쓚죝쫇룹뻝룷랽쏦뗄뻟쳥튪쟳ꎬ쇐죫“뺫짱컄쏷벰웤쯻”횸뇪ꎬ짨볆캪볓복럖ꎬ럖횵뗄뇈훘뷏킡ꆣ 25
ퟛ뫏움럖?튻ꆢ킧틦횸뇪ꎨ85-125ꎩ 뛾ꆢ튵컱맜샭 죽ꆢ싴맜샭ꎨ15-20ꎩ 쯄ꆢ뺫짱컄쏷벰웤쯻 1ꆢ쿺솿샠 1.뚩떥릩믵샠 1.싴맜샭샠 1.솮헾붨짨샠 (1) 쓪쿺솿 20-30 (8)뚩떥풤닢ힼ좷싊 * (13)쫐뎡뺻뮯싊 10-15 (15)솮헾붨짨뾼뫋 * (2) 뗍떵뻭퇌쿺솿뇈샽 * (9) 훘뗣엠폽욷없뚩믵쏦* (14)돖횤쇣쫛뮧뮧쫽 5 2.낲좫맜샭샠 2ꆢ뻭퇌볛캻샠 2.뷡쯣맜샭샠 (16)낲좫볬닩 * (3) 떥쿤쿺쫛뛮 15-20 (10)뗧뮰캯췐뿛뿮싊 * 3.ퟱ볍쫘램샠 3ꆢ쎫샻 3.쿺쫛맜샭 (17)캥볍캥램 * (4) 쎫샻싊 10-15 (11)뎩쿺욷없릩믵릫욽뛈* 4.뒴탂샠 4ꆢ럑폃 4.럾컱움볛 (18)벼쫵뒴탂 * (5) 뻭퇌뺭펪죽쿮럑폃싊 5-25 (12)뿍뮧싺틢뛈 * (6) 풤쯣횴탐싊 * 5ꆢ샻죳 힢:릲짨18쿮횸뇪ꎬ웤훐믹놾쿮7쿮ꎨ뫏볆뇪ힼ럖100럖ꎬ (7) 샻죳ퟜ뛮 25-35 ퟮ룟럖145럖ꎩꎬ볓복럖뗷헻쿮11쿮ꎨ듸?뫅ꎩꆣ 춼 5-1 쒿뇪맜샭횸뇪쳥쾵뷡릹 쇏살풴ꎺ2007쓪뛈“쮫컄쏷”퓰죎쒿뇪뾼뫋벰붱샸냬램ꎬ2007쓪횰릤듺뇭듳믡쳖싛춨맽ꆣ 횸뇪횵뗄볆쯣 짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾쒿뇪맜샭횸뇪쳥쾵뗄쳘뗣쫇ꎺ횸뇪짨볆뇈뷏쾵춳ꎬ뛔웳튵맜샭뗄훷튪랽쏦뚼뷸탐쇋뾼닩ꎻ횸뇪쳥쾵뛔룷떥캻맜샭릤ퟷ뗄틽떼탔잿ꎬ뻟폐맜샭맦랶뮯뗄풼쫸솦ꎻ횸뇪쪵탐솿뮯뾼뫋ꎬ뿉닙ퟷ탔뷏잿ꎬ뇣폚퓚퓋탐훐뷸탐뿘훆ꎻ춻돶쇋뛔룷쿮횸뇪쓚죝뗄볆뮮맜샭ꆣ 틔싞뫾릫쮾2006쓪뾼뫋뷡맻캪샽ꎬ룷쿮횸뇪뗄볆쯣뫍볆럖죧뇭5-1쯹쪾ꆣ헢샯뛔웤훐늿럖횸뇪볲튪쮵쏷ꎺ(1)“쫐뎡뺻뮯싊”횸쓪쓚쾽쟸쫘램뺭펪뗄쇣쫛뮧쯹햼뇈훘ꆣ볆럖랽램쫇ꎬ듯떽95%뗃믹놾럖8럖ꎬ듯98%틔짏뗃ퟮ룟럖12럖ꆣ룃쿮평싴뒦퓚쓪쓚럖솽듎닢움늢볆쯣욽뻹쫽뷸탐뾼뫋ꆣ(2)“떳럧솮헾붨짨”평볠달뒦뾼닩룷떥캻뗄솮헾쟩뿶ꎬ움럖듯85럖뗄퓚쒿뇪맜샭훐볓1럖ꎬ듯90럖뗄볓2럖ꎬ듯95럖뗄볓3 럖ꆣ(3)“샻죳퓶뎤싊”쫇캪쇋맄샸킧틦쳡짽ꎬ뛔샻죳퓶뎤뎬맽20%뗄볓2럖ꎬ퓚듋믹뒡짏쎿퓙퓶볓5%샻죳뗄볓1럖ꎬퟮ룟볓5럖ꆣ(4)“뗧ퟓ뷡쯣싊”쫇캪쇋쳡룟뷡쯣뗄낲좫탔뫍뇣샻탔ꎬ맄샸쿺쫛쪱닉폃쮢뾨ꆢ뗧뮰캯췐뿛뿮뫍헋뗈럇쿖뷰랽쪽뷡쯣뗄ퟜ뷰뛮뇈훘ꎬ듯떽90%틔짏뗄볓2럖ꆣ(5)“뗧뮰뚨믵싊”쫇횸퇌닝릫쮾퓚뗧뮰럃쿺럾컱쒣쪽쿂쇣쫛뮧춨맽뗧뮰랽쪽뗄뚨믵솿햼ퟜ쿺솿뇈훘ꎬ듯늻떽95%뗄복3럖ꎬ듯떽95%늻뿛럖ꆣ(6)“욷훖쿺쫛볆뮮”쫇횸퓚쫐릫쮾쿂듯뗄뻭퇌쿺쫛볆뮮쯹몬뻭퇌욷훖쫽훐ꎬ쪵볊쿺쫛뗄욷훖쫽쯹햼뗄뇈훘ꆣ룃쿮캪뿛럖쿮ꎬ쿺쫛욷훖쫽쎻듯떽볆뮮욷훖쫽98%뗄뿛3럖ꆣ 26
뇭5-1 싞뫾릫쮾2006쓪“쮫컄쏷”뾼뫋횸뇪췪돉쟩뿶뗃럖뇭 탲뫅 횸뇪쏻돆 뇪ힼ럖 볆뮮솿 췪돉횵 췪돉싊% 뗃럖 움볛늿쏅 믹1 뻭퇌쿺솿(쿤) 20+10 43600 47154 30 볆뮮뒦 놾2 떥쿤쿺쫛뛮(풪) 15+8 15000 16686 23 볆뮮뒦 럖3 뻭퇌뺭펪쎫샻싊% 7+4 10 11 닆컱뒦 쿮4 뺭펪죽쿮럑폃싊% 15+8 23 닆컱뒦 쒿 5 샻죳ퟜ뛮(췲풪) 20+10 5200 7170 30 닆컱뒦 6 뚩떥싺ퟣ싊% 5+3 90 8 튵컱뒦 7 뚩떥풤닢ힼ좷싊% 5+3 90 8 튵컱뒦 8 쫐뎡뺻뮯싊% 8+4 95 싴뒦 9 돖횤뺭펪뮧(뮧) 5 2200 2289 5 싴뒦 볓1 떳럧솮헾붨짨 =3 2 볠달뒦 복2 낲좫 0 낲좫뒦 럖3 샻죳퓶뎤싊% =5 5 닆컱뒦 쿮4 뗧ퟓ뷡쯣싊% =2 2 닆컱뒦 쒿 5 뗧뮰뚨믵싊% 튵컱뒦 6 욷훖쿺쫛볆뮮% 튵컱뒦 7 풱릤캥볍캥램 헾릤뒦 뫏볆뗃럖 붱샸뗈벶 =140 튻뗈붱 쫽뻝살풴ꎺ2007쓪짮?쫐퇌닝탐튵횰릤듺뇭듳믡릤ퟷ놨룦ꎻ 2007쓪뛔웤훐늿럖횸뇪짨훃틑ퟶ쇋뗷헻ꆣ 짏쫶횸뇪쳥쾵뗄훷튪잷좱쫇ꎬ쎻폐뾼닩떽쫐릫쮾웤쯻맜샭쓚죝ꎬ죧죋솦풴맜샭ꆢ믺맘쫂컱맜샭ꆢ닆컱맜샭ꆢ탅쾢뮯맜샭뗈ꎬ횻쫇쇽춳뗘맦뚨“쫐릫쮾룷뒦쫒뗄붱샸튪룹뻝탐튵뗄헻쳥뺭펪쟩뿶뷸탐랢럅”ꆣ웤훐튻킩횸뇪뗄짨훃뮹폐듽짌좶ꎬ뇈죧킧틦샠뗄컥룶믹놾럖횸뇪훐폐쿟탔맘쾵ꎬ쪵볊짏듦퓚훘뢴볆쯣ꆣ 쒿뇪맜샭횸뇪쳥쾵뻟폐쏷좷릤ퟷ쒿뇪ꆢ횸떼뺭펪탐캪ꆢ잿뗷좫쏦맜샭ꆢ뇣폚맽돌뿘훆뗄폅뗣ꆣ쫐릫쮾튻킩횰쓜늿쏅죧냬릫쫒뫍탅쾢훐탄ꎬ뚼쳡돶튪쟳붫놾늿쏅훷돖뗄맜샭쓚죝쓉죫떽횸뇪쳥쾵훐살ꎬ헢쮵쏷쒿뇪맜샭횸뇪쳥쾵ퟷ캪튻룶맜샭욽첨ꎬ뛔룷뛾벶릫쮾랢믓쇋뷏잿뗄맜샭릦쓜ꆣ쳘뇰쫇뛔폚튻킩탨튪췆뚯뗄탂헾닟ꎬ춨맽쇐죫뾼뫋쿮쒿ꎬ뿉틔벤샸룷떥캻훷뚯실쪵뫍맡뎹ꎬ틲듋쎿쓪뚼퓚짏쓪뗄믹뒡짏뷸탐쇋튻킩늹돤뫍뗷헻ꆣ 27
쒿뇪맜샭뗄퓋탐뫍뿘훆맜샭 MBO뗄릲춬튪쯘냼삨ꎺ쏷좷쒿뇪ꆢ닎폫뻶닟ꆢ맦뚨웚쿞뫍랴삡벨킧ꆣ짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾쒿뇪맜샭뗄퓋탐뫍뿘훆맽돌튲냼몬쇋헢벸룶믹놾튪쯘ꆣ 뻟쳥뗘ꎬ틔쓪뛈캪훜웚럖캪틔쿂벸룶늽훨ꎺ 1ꎩ쓪돵맜샭쒿뇪좷뚨뷗뛎 쫗쿈ꎬퟜ뷡짏쓪뺭볃횸뇪췪돉쟩뿶ꎬ퇐뺿쒿뇪맜샭횸뇪쳥쾵벰웤횸뇪횵뗄짨볆ꎬ볆뮮뒦튪틔킡탍믡틩ꆢ뗷퇐ꆢ짌첸뗈탎쪽폫릫쮾쇬떼ꆢ룷폐맘횰쓜늿쏅ꆢ룷쿂쫴릫쮾뷸탐릵춨ꎬ맣랺뗘헷벯틢볻뫍붨틩ꎬ퓚돤럖쏱훷뗄믹뒡짏ꎬ탎돉쒿뇪맜샭랽낸ꆣ좻뫳ꎬ퓚뒺뷚잰헙뾪뗄횰릤듺뇭듳믡짏붫쒿뇪맜샭랽낸쳖싛ퟷ캪튻쿮틩돌ꎬ랽낸춨맽뫳평룷떥캻훷튪뢺퓰죋잩뚩“뺭펪퓰죎쫩”ꎬ놾쓪뛈쒿뇪맜샭냬램헽쪽쪵쪩ꆣ 2ꎩ쓪쓚맜샭쒿뇪뗄퓋탐뫍뿘훆뷗뛎 뛔폚내퓂뛈볆쯣뗄뾼뫋횸뇪ꎨ훷튪쫇킧틦샠뫍튵컱맜샭샠횸뇪ꎩꎬ볆뮮뒦튪뚨웚듓폐맘늿쏅쇋뷢맜샭쒿뇪룷쿮횸뇪퓋탐쟩뿶뫍횸뇪횵뗄뷸뛈쫽뻝ꎬ믣ퟜ틔뫳쿲룷떥캻랴삡ꆣ룷떥캻뷡뫏랴삡탅쾢ꎬ뛔놾떥캻뗄룷쿮맜샭닉좡뿘훆듫쪩ꎬ뗷헻뺭펪맜샭탐캪ꎬ얬솦폫맜샭쒿뇪뗄튪쟳쿠튻훂ꆣ캪쇋뿘훆룷떥캻맜샭탐캪뗄튻훂탔ꎬ볆뮮뒦폫죋쫂샍뒦엤뫏ꎬ룹뻝퓂뛈훷튪뿘훆횸뇪췪돉쟩뿶ꎬ좷뚨룷떥캻킧틦릤랢럅뇪ힼꎬ뛔쎻폐췪돉퓂뛈뷸뛈튪쟳뗄떥캻ꎬ쫊떱내튻뚨뇈샽퓝뿛킧틦릤ꎬ쓪훕췪돉맜샭쒿뇪틔뫳퓙늹웫ꆣ 3ꎩ쓪훕벨킧움볛뫍붱샸뷗뛎 룷횰쓜늿쏅럖뇰춳볆뫍볬닩룷떥캻뾼뫋횸뇪뗄췪돉쟩뿶ꎬ붫횸뇪뾼움뷡맻믣ퟜ떽볆뮮뒦ꆣ볆뮮뒦믣ퟜ볆쯣뗃돶ퟛ뫏럖뫳ꎬ움돶붱샸뗈벶ꆣퟮ뫳퓚쓪뛈릤ퟷ믡틩짏뷸탐릫늼ꎬ늢내붱샸뇪ힼ쪵쪩붱샸ꆣ 틔짏늽훨훐ꎬ랽낸뗄뗷퇐뫍탎돉쫇맘볼뗄뮷뷚ꎬ튲쫇릤ퟷ솿ퟮ듳뗄뮷뷚ꆣ볆뮮뒦뇘탫뛔폐맘뺭볃횸뇪횵뷸탐ퟜ뷡늢ퟶ돶풤닢ꎬ붫쇬떼햽싔틢춼ꆢ쓪뛈ퟜ쳥볆뮮ꆢ룷횰쓜늿쏅뗄맜샭쒿뇪ꆢ룷럖릫쮾뗄틢볻볓틔쫕벯뫍퇐뺿ꎬퟛ뫏뛠랽쏦붨틩뫳붫뗷헻랽낸쿲룷폐맘떥캻랴삡늢퓙듎쫕벯틢볻ꎬ랴뢴뛠듎틔뫳닅쓜탎돉튻훂뗄쒿뇪맜샭랽낸ꆣ 쒿뇪맜샭쫇튻쿮뢴퓓뗄릤ퟷꎬ횸뇪짨훃튪쳥쿖볆뮮맜샭ꆢ맽돌뿘훆뫍쒿뇪쪵쿖횮볤뗄쓚퓚솪쾵ꆣ쫗쿈ꎬ튪쟳놻맜샭헟뛔쒿뇪뗄뷡맻뫍쪵쿖쒿뇪뗄맽돌뻟폐뷏잿뗄뿉뿘탔ꎬ죧맻쒿뇪쪵쿖뗄늻뿉뿘틲쯘맽뛠ꎬ뻍믡웰늻떽벤샸뫍틽떼뗄ퟷ폃ꎻ뗚뛾ꎬ쒿뇪맜샭뗄쪵쿖쓑틗돌뛈탨튪죏헦뫋쯣뫍짨볆ꎬ횸뇪횮볤뗄솪쾵튲튪쳥쿖쾵춳탔뫍쳵샭탔ꎻ뗚죽ꎬ쳖볛뮹볛뫍벬싖킧펦튲룸쒿뇪맜샭퓶볓쇋룉죅ꆣ 쿂뇟훷튪붲튻쿂퇌닝릫쮾뾼뫋쪱돶쿖뗄늻뿉뿘틲쯘뫍벬싖킧펦뗈컊쳢ꆣ 28
룷떥캻뗄늻뿉뿘틲쯘 퓚짮?퇌닝뗄뾼뫋쳥쾵훐ꎬ훷튪쫇킧틦샠횸뇪ꎬ퓚뇪ힼ럖훐햼쇋85%ꎬ웤쯻죽샠횸뇪럖횵늻룟ꎬ늢쟒튻냣쟸럖뛈뷏킡ꆣ킧틦샠횸뇪훐훷튪뗄컊쳢쫇ꎬ퓚뺭펪짏룷쿂쫴릫쮾뗄늻뿉뿘틲쯘첫뛠ꎬ쪹MBO뛔쿂쫴릫쮾킧틦뗄듙뷸ퟷ폃쫜떽뷏듳쿞훆ꆣ 킧틦횸뇪뗄믹놾럖쿮쒿릲폐컥쿮ꎺ쓪뛈쿺솿ꆢ떥쿤쿺쫛뛮ꎨ욽뻹쿺쫛볛룱ꎩꆢ쎫샻싊ꆢ쿺쫛럑폃싊뫍샻죳ퟜ뛮ꆣ횸뇪볤뗄쿟탔맘쾵쫇ꎺ 샻죳ퟜ뛮= [(쿺솿×떥쿤볛룱)÷]×[쎫샻싊×(×)-쿺쫛럑폃싊] () 2006쓪룷럖릫쮾뗄샻죳춬뇈퓶뎤%ꎬ볻뇭5-2ꆣ내헕샻죳탎돉뗄쿺솿ꆢ떥쿤뷡릹ꎨ볛룱쮮욽ꎩ뫍샻죳싊뗈틲쯘럖컶ꎬ샻죳퓶뎤뗄틲쯘훐ꎬ샻죳싊퓶뎤뗄릱쿗싊듯43%ꎬ웤듎쫇떥쿤쿺쫛뛮쳡룟뗄릱쿗싊듯떽33%ꎬ퓙듎쫇쿺솿퓶뎤릱쿗싊캪23%ꆣ샻죳뗄듳럹쳡룟ꎬ훷튪뗃ퟔ슢뛏뺭볃뗘캻듸살뗄뎬뛮샻죳ꎬ튻랽쏦쎫샻싊룟ꎬ늢쟒춨맽쟸폲볛룱뾨쳘뛻뗄춳볛ꎬ쳡룟쇋쯍믵볛ꎬퟜ쳥쎫샻싊쳡룟쇋7%ꎬ쇭튻랽쏦ꎬ뻭퇌볛룱ퟜ쮮욽쳡룟쇋9%ꎬ룟폚컯볛짏헇뗄욽뻹쮮욽ꎬ헢튲룺탐튵슢뛏쏜늻뿉럖ꆣ 럖릫쮾웕뇩놧풹ꎺ쓪뛈쿺솿평볆뮮늿쏅훆뚨ꎬ믹놾쎻폐믺뚯탔ꎻ평폚쫐릫쮾슢뛏뻭퇌뗷뷸쎻폐ퟔ훷뷸믵뗄좨쿞ꎬ떥쿤쿺쫛뛮튲늻쓜ퟔ훷ꎻ쎫샻싊평폚쿺쫛볛룱춳튻튲쎻폐뾼뫋틢틥ꎬ럑폃싊돉캪캨튻뗄쿠뛔뗄뿉뿘틲쯘ꎬ떫쫇퇌닝탐튵ퟷ캪슢뛏탐튵ꎬ뿘훆럑폃폖늻쫇쳡룟킧틦뗄훷튪춾뺶ꆣ쯹틔ꎬ늻뿉뿘틲쯘맽뛠ꎬ늿럖횸뇪뗄짨훃듦퓚탎쪽훷틥ꎬ뾼뫋뛔뺭볃킧틦뗄듙뷸ퟷ폃뷏킡ꆣ 뇭5-2 2006쓪쮫컄쏷뺭볃킧틦횸뇪훐샻죳쪵쿖퓶뎤뗄틲쯘럖컶 ? 춬뇈퓶뎤싊(%) 샻죳 샻죳퓶뎤릱쿗싊? ?1. 2.떥쿤볛쎫샻 럑폃 3.샻샻죳 퓶뎤뛮떥쿤 샻죳 쿺솿 룱 싊 싊 죳싊 (췲풪) (췲풪쿺솿 ) 볛룱 싊 싞뫾 103% 108% 106% 94% 110% 122% 1220 18% 40% 43% 뢣쳯 107% 112% 107% 82% 114% 136% 1753 23% 37% 39% 쓏즽 106% 108% 108% 88% 114% 130% 1486 24% 30% 46% 놦낲 110% 108% 107% 84% 113% 134% 2851 37% 25% 39% 쇺룚 107% 111% 106% 86% 112% 134% 2307 27% 37% 36% 퇎쳯 104% 111% 107% 83% 113% 130% 1235 16% 41% 43% 즳춷뷇 99% 106% 104% 77% 117% 122% 832 -6% 32% 74% 훐짮퇌쎳 103% 109% 107% 90% 121% 136% 600 11% 31% 58% 뫏볆 106% 109% 107% 86% 114% 131% 12284 23% 33% 43% 쇏살풴ꎺ2007쓪탐튵릤ퟷ믡틩놨룦벰2006쓪뛈닆컱놨룦 29
짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾뗄쒿뇪맜샭뛔룷쿮릤ퟷ뗄볆뮮탔튪쟳뇈뷏잿ꎬ뛔퓋탐뿘훆뗄풼쫸솦뛈튲뷏잿ꎬ퓚틽떼뫍맦랶룷떥캻뗄뺭펪탐캪ꎬ릹붨춳튻뗄뺭펪쒣쪽ꎬ놣횤쫐릫쮾룷쿮뺭펪헾닟뗄쪵쪩ꎬ웰ퟅ춻돶뗄믽벫ퟷ폃ꆣ떫룷릫쮾뗄뿉뿘틲쯘뷏짙ꎬ벤샸킧맻뇈뷏닮ꆣ듋췢ꎬ뮹폐쳖볛뮹볛뫍벬싖킧펦뗈쿖쿳튲뛔쒿뇪맜샭뗄킧맻듸살펰쿬ꆣ 쳖볛뮹볛뫍벬싖킧펦 볆뮮쳥훆쿂뗄퇌닝릫쮾퓚뺭펪짏뗄좷듦퓚듳솿뗄믽벫탔늻룟뗄쿖쿳ꆣ벨킧뾼뫋뗄뷡맻쫇뛒쿖붱샸ꆢ벤샸릤ퟷꎬ떫쫇럖릫쮾퓚퓋탐훐뿉뿘훆뗄틲쯘늢늻뛠ꎬ뾼뫋횸뇪랽낸뗄짨볆퓲쫇룷릫쮾ퟮ훷튪뗄쳖볛뮹볛믺믡ꆣ 쫗쿈ꎬ럖릫쮾냑쳖볛뮹볛뫍“엜‘늿’잰뷸”떱ퟷ훘튪뗄훰샻쫖뛎ꎬ죧맻럖릫쮾쓜릻퓚좷뚨쒿뇪죎컱쪱헹좡떽뇈뷏뗍뗄쮮욽ꎬ뻍뿉틔놣횤좫쓪릤ퟷ쓑뛈붵뗍ꎬ샻틦룼쯹놣헏ꆣ뇈죧ꎬ탭뛠떥캻믡톰헒죋뿚쿞훆ꆢ쿻럑쮮욽쿞훆ꆢ룶뇰럑폃퓶쿮뗈샭평ꎬ튪쟳붵뗍쿺솿ꆢ떥캻쿤쿺쫛뛮쒿뇪횵ꎬ믲헟쳡룟럑폃싊뗄뾼뫋쒿뇪횵ꆣ 웤듎ꎬ뛔럖릫쮾뗄뾼뫋뇭쿖돶“벬싖킧펦”(ratchet effects)ꎬ쪹럖릫쮾뗄뺭펪탐캪돶쿖얤쟺ꆣ퓚볆뮮쳥훆쿂ꎬ웳튵뗄쓪뛈짺닺횸뇪룹뻝짏쓪뗄쪵볊짺닺늻뛏쳡룟ꎬ벨킧퓶뎤뿬뗄떥캻랴뛸죝틗쳡룟듎쓪뾼뫋믹쫽ꎬ쪹듎쓪췪돉죎컱뗄쓑뛈듳듳퓶볓ꎬ헢훖뇞듲뿬얣뗄쿖쪵ꎬ쪹럖릫쮾퓚쓪뛈뺭펪맽돌훐뎣뎣돶쿖짏냫쓪운쏼룏뷸뛈ꎬ솦헹좷놣쓪뛈죎컱뗄췪돉ꎬ떽쓪뗗듯떽풤웚쒿뇪뫳폖벱즲뎵뿘훆뷸뛈ꎬ틾싷짺닺쓜솦ꆣ뻝춳볆ꎬ짮?퇌닝죽쓪살ꎬ솬탸돶쿖짏냫쓪퓶솿퓶뎤쯙뛈룟폚쿂냫쓪퓶쯙ꎬ떼훂헢벸쓪짏냫쓪춶럅솿뇈훘뎬맽쿂냫쓪ꎬ뗚뛾벾뛈쫐뎡릩펦솿욫듳ꎬ뻭퇌쫐뎡볛룱뗍쏔ꎬ쿺쫛쓑뛈볓듳ꎬ쿂냫쓪릩탨맘쾵훰늽얤ꎬ떽쓪뗗퓲릩늻펦쟳ꎬ쫐볛쳸룟ꎬ돶쿖ퟜ솿뗄릩쟳쪧뫢ꆣ 퓚ퟜ솿퓶뎤쯙뛈뷏뿬뗄쪱웚ꎬ돶쿖짏냫쓪룏뷸뛈ꎬ쓜짏뻍짏ꎬ폐뛔쫐뎡랢햹쓑틔ힼ좷냑컕뗄틲쯘ꆣ떽쇋쿂냫쓪ꎬ볛룱짏돶쿖늨뚯ꎬ퓙춨맽뿘훆ퟜ솿ꎬ쪹쫐뎡컈뚨쿂살ꎬ듸폐뛔쫐뎡뷸탐쫔첽뫍뗷뷚뗄돉럝ꎬ뮹뇈뷏뫏샭뗄ꆣ떫쫇쿖퓚쫐뎡틑뺭쟷폚컈뚨ꎬퟜ솿퓶쯙늻뿉쓜캬돖퓚룟쮮욽뗄쟩뿶쿂ꎬ뻍폐뇘튪뛔럖릫쮾룏뷸뛈뗄돥뚯뷸탐뿘훆쇋ꆣ 2006쓪짏냫쓪쿺솿듯떽춬뇈퓶뎤%틔뫳ꎬ쫐릫쮾뾪쪼틢쪶떽헢룶컊쳢ꆣ듓웟퓂럝뛔ퟜ솿뷸탐퇏룱뿘훆ꎬ룷퓂춬뇈믹놾돖욽ꎬ쫐뎡볛룱횱떽훐쟯잰뫳닅믘짽ꎬ쿂냫쓪쿺쫛춬뇈횻퓶뎤쇋%ꆣ쿂냫쓪뿘훆ퟜ솿틔뫳좫쓪쿺솿춬뇈퓶뎤%ꆣ 퓚볆뮮쳥훆쿂ꎬ볆뮮쫇ퟮ훷튪뗄뗷뿘쫖뛎ꆣ퓚쳥훆늻뇤뗄잰쳡쿂ꎬ뇘탫붫볆뮮맜샭뗄릦쓜볓틔췪짆뫍볓잿ꎬ돤럖랢믓뗷뿘뗄훷튪릦쓜ꆣ돶쿖벬싖킧펦쪵볊짏튲랴펳쇋웳튵랢햹튪“컈훐폐짽”뗄쮼쿫ꎬ헢뛔폚퇌닝헢퇹뗄슢뛏탐튵캬돖쿖폐뺭볃훈탲튲탭뮹 30
쫇폐웤뫏샭탔뗄ꆣ 룄뷸쒿뇪맜샭탨튪볡돖뗄훷튪풭퓲 쒿뇪맜샭쫇듳탍웳튵뺭펪맜샭뗄훘튪쫖뛎ꎬ쓜릻쏷좷웳튵쓚룷ퟩ돉늿럖뫍죋풱뗄릤ퟷ쒿뇪뫍랽쿲ꎬ맦랶뺭펪맜샭탐캪ꎬ뗷뚯풱릤믽벫탔ꎬ놣횤웳튵햽싔맦뮮뗄쪵쪩ꎬ쳡룟웳튵룷쿮릤ퟷ뗄횴탐솦ꆣ튪랢믓쒿뇪맜샭뗄믽벫ퟷ폃ꎬ뇘탫폫놾웳튵뗄맜샭쪵볊쿠뷡뫏ꎬ뻟쳥짨볆쒿뇪맜샭뗄쓚죝뫍돌탲ꎬ늢쟒튪룹뻝췢늿뮷뺳뫍쓚늿쳵볾뗄뇤뮯뛔쒿뇪맜샭돖탸룄뷸틔췆뚯웳튵뗄돖탸랢햹ꆣ 춨맽쪵볹ꎬ컒죏캪ꎬ룄뷸쒿뇪맜샭ꎬ펦볡돖틔쿂냋쿮풭퓲ꎺ (1)쾵춳탔풭퓲ꆣ쒿뇪맜샭뗄뛔쿳쫇ퟩ횯쓚늿룷늿쏅뫍룷떥캻ꎬ웳튵킧틦쫇평웳튵룷ퟩ돉늿럖춨맽럖릤킭ퟷ릲춬쪵쿖뗄ꎬ쒿뇪맜샭뗄쓚죝펦폫맜샭믮뚯좫맽돌쿠튻훂ꎬ뾼뫋횸뇪쳥쾵뗄뷡릹튪잿뗷쾵춳탔ꎬ힢훘뛔룷랽쏦릤ퟷ뗄좫쏦맜샭ꆣ폐뗄횸뇪ꎬ쯤좻틑뺭듯떽쒿뇪ꎬ떫쫇탨튪뎤웚볡돖뗄ꎬ퓚횸뇪쳥쾵훐죔좻튪놣쇴ꆣ (2)쒿뇪뗄틽떼탔풭퓲ꆣ맜샭쒿뇪쫇캴살튻뛎쪱볤뗄뻟쳥뗄얬솦랽쿲ꎬ뾼뫋횸뇪횵뗄짨볆튪폫웳튵햽싔맦뮮뫍쓪뛈볆뮮쿠춳튻ꎬ붫볆뮮맜샭폫쒿뇪맜샭뷡뫏웰살ꎬ틽떼웳튵룷떥캻룷늿쏅쪵쿖웳튵ퟜ쳥쒿뇪ꆣ (3) 횸뇪솿뮯풭퓲ꆣ쒿뇪맜샭튪붨솢뛠룶뾼뫋횸뇪뷸탐ퟛ뫏움볛ꎬ퓚짨볆뾼뫋냬램쪱펦뛔룷쿮횸뇪뗄췪돉돌뛈낲업솿뮯뇪ힼꎬ늢짨볆뫃룷쿮횸뇪퓚ퟛ뫏움볛쪱뗄좨훘ꆣ (4)쏱훷뫍벯훐튪쫊뛈뗄풭퓲ꆣ쒿뇪맜샭맽돌돤럖쳥쿖ퟅ쇬떼틕쫵뫍웳튵컄뮯ꎬ쳘뇰쫇퓚랽낸뗄탎돉뷗뛎ꎬ볈폐쏱훷닎폫폖폐쇬떼뻶닟ꆣ폐뗄웳튵쟣쿲폚벯좨쪽맜샭ꎬ폐뗄퓲룼풸틢랢퇯쏱훷ꎬ쯤좻뺿뺹쓄훖룼뫃쎻폐튻뚨뗄움볛뇪ힼꎬ떫쫇맜샭헟튪폐뷚훆ꎬ럀횹쒳훖쟣쿲맽뛈벫뛋뮯ꎬ듓뛸쪹쏱훷뫍벯훐뗄ퟷ폃뗃떽폐킧랢믓ꆣ (5)릫욽탔뫍릫뾪탔풭퓲ꆣ평폚짦벰떽놻뾼뫋떥캻뗄쿖쪵샻틦ꎬ쒿뇪맜샭튪춨맽맦뚨뗄돌탲뷸탐ꎬ룷쿮횸뇪뗄짨볆튪쳥쿖웳튵맜샭뗄퇏쯠탔뫍맦랶탔ꆣ튪뺡솿뿋럾룉죅ꎬ틔릫욽뫍릫뾪뗄랽쪽살ퟩ횯쒿뇪맜샭ꆣ (6)솬탸탔뫍랢햹탔볦맋뗄풭퓲ꆣ튻냣살쮵ꎬ듳탍웳튵쫇쾣췻놣돖돖탸컈뚨뗄랢햹ힴ첬뗄ꆣ짺닺뺭펪뗄솬탸탔뫍랢햹탔튪쳥쿖떽쒿뇪맜샭훜웚탔믮뚯훐살ꆣ쒿뇪쳥쾵뗄짨볆볈튪쫊쪱뗷헻ꎬ폖튪놣돖쓪뛈볤뗄쿠뛔컈뚨탔ꆣ쒿뇪맜샭쓚죝뗷헻뗄솦뛈뫍랶캧튪폫웳튵룄룯쿠돆ꆣ (7)뿘훆믽벫탔뫍쓑뛈뗄풭퓲ꆣ평폚쒿뇪뾼뫋쫇폫쓪뛈붱샸쿠뷡뫏뗄ꎬ맜샭쒿뇪뗄쪵쿖쓑뛈늻틋맽룟ꆣ퓚쳵볾퓊탭뗄쟩뿶쿂ꎬ튪퓚뾼뫋랽낸짨볆뷗뛎뻍뛔맜샭쒿뇪뗄쪵쿖돌뛈뷸탐럖컶뫍풤닢ꎬ뛔쓪훕붱샸뗈벶뫍뛮뛈ퟷ쫊떱뗘낲업ꎬퟶ떽짍랣폐뛈ꆣ 31
(8)붨솢틢췢쟩뿶뗄뒦샭돌탲ꆣ쒿뇪맜샭쫇튻쿮볆뮮탔뷏잿뗄맜샭믮뚯ꎬ퓚퓋탐맽돌훐ꎬ뿉쓜믡돶쿖튻킩쓪뛈맜샭쒿뇪랽낸짨볆쪱쎻폐뾼싇떽뗄훷맛뫍뿍맛쟩뿶ꆣ틲듋ꎬ쒿뇪맜샭튪뻟놸튻뚨뗄떯탔ꎬ펦붨솢뛔틢췢쟩뿶뷸탐폐킧뒦샭뫍벰쪱뗷헻뗄맜샭뿘훆돌탲ꆣ 32
6 퇌닝릫쮾볆뮮맜샭랢햹랽쿲 튪ퟶ뫃튻쿮릤ퟷꎬ쫗튪뗄쫇쏷좷펦룃얬솦뗄죎컱뫍랽쿲ꆣ퇌닝릫쮾볆뮮맜샭짦벰볆뮮ꆢ볛룱뫍뾼뫋뗈뛠랽쏦쓚죝ꎬ펦듓랱퓓뗄쫂컱맜샭훐샭쟥쮼슷ꎬ냑컕룷쿮릤ퟷ횮볤뗄맘쾵뫍튪쇬ꎬ쏩ힼ쒿뇪ꎬ뒴퓬탔뗘뾪햹릤ퟷꎬ헢퇹닅쓜돤럖랢믓볆뮮맜샭릦쓜ꆣ쇭췢ꎬ뛔폚볆뮮맜샭죋풱살쮵ꎬ룄뷸릤ퟷ쳡룟쮮욽뮹폐튻킩믹놾뗄쯘훊튪쟳ꎬ퓚헢샯뷡뫏ퟷ헟뗄릤ퟷ뺭퇩짔ퟶ룅삨ꆣ 헽좷냑컕ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭ꆢ볛룱맜샭뫍쒿뇪맜샭횮볤뗄맘쾵 잰컄럖뇰뛔퇌닝릫쮾볆뮮맜샭뗄죽룶훷튪릤ퟷ쓚죝럖뇰뷸탐쇋럖컶ꎬ퓚볆뮮맜샭뗄맽돌ꎬ튪냑쯼쏇폐믺뗘뷡뫏웰살ꆣ 짏쫶ퟜ솿볆뮮ꆢ볛룱맜샭뫍쒿뇪맜샭뗈죽랽쏦뗄볆뮮릤ퟷ뻟폐튻뚨뗄뛀솢탔ꆣퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭쫇퇌닝릫쮾볆뮮릤ퟷ뗄뫋탄쓚죝ꎬ헢쫇평슢뛏뺭펪뫍볆뮮맜샭쳥훆쯹뻶뚨뗄ꎬ릫쮾슢뛏샻죳뇘탫춨맽ퟜ솿뿘훆닅쓜쪵쿖ꎬ뛔짮?쫐뻭퇌쇣쫛쫐뎡릩펦솿볓틔뗷뷚ꎬ놣횤쫐뎡컈뚨튲튪춨맽ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭닅쓜뷸탐ꆣ볛룱맜샭쫇퇌닝릫쮾볆뮮릤ퟷ뗄훘튪쓚죝ꎬ슢뛏볛룱쫇퇌닝릫쮾샻죳뗄풴좪ꎬ놣돖뫍쳡룟볛룱쮮욽쫇슢뛏뺭펪뗄믹놾랽헫ꆣ쒿뇪맜샭쫇퇌닝릫쮾랢믓볆뮮맜샭횰쓜뗄뻟쳥쫖뛎ꎬ춨맽룷쿮솿뮯횸뇪뾼뫋뫍쓪뛈붱샸쿠뷡뫏ꎬ뛔쫐릫쮾벰쿂쫴릫쮾룷쿮맜샭믮뚯뗄뷸탐틽떼뫍횸떼ꎬ듙뷸퇌닝릫쮾ퟜ쳥뗄킭뗷폐탲랢햹ꆣ 헢죽랽쏦뗄볆뮮릤ퟷ폖쫇뷴쏜솪쾵폐믺뷡뫏뗄ꆣ쫗쿈ꎬퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭폫볛룱맜샭쫇쿠뮥횧돖뫍엤뫏뗄ꆣ퇌닝릫쮾볡돖“뿘솿ꆢ컈볛ꆢ퓶킧”뗄뺭펪랽헫ꎬ뻭퇌춶럅ퟜ솿볆뮮뗄훆뚨뫍횴탐ꎬ튪틔볛룱컈뚨캪잰쳡ꆣ쳘뇰쫇ꎬ뛔쫐뎡볛룱탅쾢뗄룺ퟙ쫇쫇쇋뷢쫐뎡릩쟳맘쾵뗄믹놾랽램ꎬ쫇퓋폃뻭퇌ퟜ솿볆뮮뛔쫐뎡쫊쪱뗘쪵쪩뗷뷚뗄훷튪룹뻝ꆣ쫊떱뗄뻭퇌쿺쫛쫽솿뫍볛룱쮮욽쫇퇌닝릫쮾좡뗃뺭볃킧틦뗄ퟮ훷튪틲쯘ꆣ웤듎ꎬ쯤좻쒿뇪맜샭뗄랶캧늻뷶뷶쫇킧틦횸뇪ꎬ떫쫇쳡룟킧틦컞틉쫇웳튵ퟮ훷튪뗄쒿뇪ꎬ뻭퇌쿺쫛ퟜ솿볆뮮뫍볛룱쮮욽뿘훆뚼튪퓚쒿뇪맜샭횸뇪쳥쾵훐햼훘튪뗘캻ꎬ쓪뛈ퟜ솿퓶뎤뫍볛룱컈뚨뗄뺭펪쮼쿫튪퓚횸뇪횵뗄짨볆짏뻟쳥뗘쳥쿖돶살ꆣ뗚죽ꎬ볆뮮릤ퟷ냼삨쇋훆뚨볆뮮ꆢ퓋탐뿘훆뫍벨킧뾼뫋맽돌ꎬ헢죽쿮릤ퟷ퓚릤ퟷ돌탲짏쫇뷴쏜쿠솬뗄ꎬ탨튪늻뛏뗘뷸탐탅쾢릵춨뫍킭뗷ꎬ틔놣돖룷쿮볆뮮릤ퟷ뗄튻훂탔ꆣ 33
퇌닝릫쮾볆뮮맜샭뗄죽쳵햽쿟 퇌닝릫쮾볆뮮맜샭죎컱쫇뛠풪뮯뗄ꆣ룅삨웰살ꎬ볆뮮맜샭폐“죽쳵햽쿟”ꎬ벴볓잿슢뛏ꆢ쳡룟킧싊뫍믽벫뗷뿘ꎬ룷쿮뻟쳥릤ퟷ뚼쫇럖뇰퓚헢죽룶랽쏦뷸탐햹뾪ꆣ 뗚튻ꎬ럾듓탐튵볓잿슢뛏뗄룄룯쫇짮?쫐릫쮾볆뮮맜샭릤ퟷ뗄믹놾죎컱ꆣ쳘뇰쫇탐튵뷸튻늽볓잿슢뛏ꎬ쪵쪩탐튵뺭펪튻쳥뮯뗄듫쪩ꎬ쪹짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾뗄뛀솢뺭펪좨늻뛏쿷죵ꎬ뻭퇌ퟜ솿볆뮮맜샭뫍볛룱맜샭뗄뛀솢탔쿂붵ꆣ쿠펦뗄ꎬ짮?쫐릫쮾볆뮮맜샭뗄뻟쳥쓚죝뫍랽쪽뚼붫튪늻뛏뷸탐뗷헻ꆣ 뗚뛾ꎬ얬솦쳡룟킧싊쫇볆뮮맜샭뗄믹놾죎컱ꎬ퇌닝릫쮾폈웤탨튪힢훘킧싊컊쳢ꆣ튻랽쏦ꎬ볆뮮맜샭놾짭튪쳡룟릤ퟷ킧싊ꆣ슢뛏웳튵뎣볻뗄맙쇅훷틥ꆢ놣쫘쮼쿫ꆢ탎쪽훷틥ꆢ믺맘ퟷ럧뗈퓚퇌닝릫쮾뗄볆뮮맜샭릤ퟷ훐늻춬돌뛈뗄듦퓚ꎬ맜샭헟죧뫎뿋럾헢킩컊쳢쫇폫맜샭헟뗄쇬떼쓜솦뫍쮮욽쿠맘솪뗄튻쏅틕쫵ꆣ쇭튻랽쏦ꎬ볆뮮맜샭쫇틔웳튵짺닺뺭펪믮뚯캪맜샭뛔쿳뗄ꎬ뛔웳튵풴엤훃ꆢ짺닺ퟩ횯뷸탐뻶닟뫍뿘훆ꎬ틲뛸볆뮮맜샭뗄룷쿮릤ퟷퟮ훕튪쳥쿖돶맜샭킧맻ꆣ 뗚죽ꎬ믽벫랢믓슢뛏웳튵뗄뗷뿘폅쫆ꆣ퇌닝릫쮾뗄볆뮮맜샭뛔뺭볃퓋탐폐룼잿뗄킭뗷쓜솦ꎬ뇈쫐뎡쳥훆쿂떥룶웳튵뗄볆뮮맜샭뗄쓚죝룼캪럡뢻ꆣ쫐뎡뗷뷚폐쎤쒿탔ꎬ퓚릩펦솴짏뎣뇭쿖돶탨쟳럅듳킧펦ꎬ퓬돉릩펦듳웰듳실ꆢ킧싊뗍쿂ꆣ볆뮮쳥훆뗄짺쏼솦퓚폚뛔뺭볃맦싉뗄헽좷냑컕뫍쓜뚯뗄퓋뚯ꎬ폐볆뮮내뇈샽랢햹쫇볆뮮릤ퟷ뗄맦퓲ꎨ돂퓆ꎬ1979ꎩꆣ퇌닝릫쮾볆뮮맜샭랢믓뗷뿘릦쓜뗄쇭튻룶쓚죝쫇뛔슢뛏샻틦럖엤맘쾵뗄뗷뿘ꎬ헢벯훐쳥쿖퓚볛룱쳝듎뮯헾닟짏ꆣ럖엤맘쾵뗄뗷뿘쫇폐샻폚탐튵ퟜ쳥붡뾵랢햹뗄튻쿮헾닟탔뇈뷏잿뗄쓚죝ꎬ펦죏헦뗘맡뎹뫍실쪵ꆣ 뛔볆뮮맜샭릤ퟷ죋풱뗄쯘훊튪쟳 웳튵쎿룶룚캻뗄죋풱엤놸뚼폐폫릤ퟷ횰쓜뛔펦뗄폃죋뇪ힼ뫍쳵볾ꆣ쳡룟볆뮮맜샭죋풱뗄쯘훊쫇룄뷸볆뮮릤ퟷ뗄맘볼쓚죝ꆣ춨맽놾죋퓚짮?쫐퇌닝릫쮾듓쫂볆뮮맜샭릤ퟷ뗄쪵볹ꎬ컒죏캪볆뮮릤ퟷ죋풱펦쳘뇰튪볓잿틔쿂컥룶맜샭틢쪶ꎬ좫쏦쳡짽볆뮮릤ퟷ쓜솦ꎺ (1)잿뮯톧쾰틢쪶ꆣ돽쇋튪뻟놸믹놾뗄맜샭횪쪶뫍쫬쾤놾웳튵룷쿮튵컱틔췢ꎬ볆뮮릤ퟷ쫗쿈튪폐뷏잿뗄잰햰탔ꎬ쓜릻뛔웳튵뗄쓚늿뫍췢늿랢햹쳵볾뷸탐뿆톧럖컶ꎬ쳡돶랢햹쒿뇪뫍쪵쿖뗄뻟쳥춾뺶ꆣ쫗쿈ꎬ튪벰쪱톧쾰뫍헆컕맺볒ꆢ탐튵뗄랽헫헾닟ꎬ튪뻟놸뷏잿뗄헾닟틢쪶ꎻ뗚뛾ꎬ튪벰쪱쇋뷢뫍럖컶웳튵췢늿뺭볃뮷뺳뗄뇤뮯뫍쟷쫆ꎻ뗚죽ꎬ튪죏쟥놾웳튵쯹뻟놸뗄랢햹쳵볾뫍풴쟩뿶ꆣ 34
(2)쫷솢좫뻖틢쪶ꆣ볆뮮맜샭쫇뇈뷏ퟛ뫏뫍쾵춳뗄튻쿮맜샭릤ퟷꎬ볆뮮릤ퟷ죋풱펦뻟놸좫뻖맛쓮ꎬ늢쟒튪틔뾪럅뗘쫓뷇살죏쪶웳튵뗄랢햹ꎬ좫뻖틢쪶쫇볆뮮릤ퟷ죋풱럇뎣훘튪뗄쮼캬랽쪽ꎬ튪쟳퓚훆뚨볆뮮ꆢ쒿뇪맜샭뫍퓋탐뿘훆뗄룷룶뮷뷚뚼쓜듓웳튵헻쳥샻틦뗄뷇뛈ꎬ폃랢햹뗄퇛맢살럖컶뫍늿쫰ꆣ (3)힢훘릵춨킭뗷틢쪶ꆣ퓚웳튵뗄뺭펪맜샭믮뚯훐ꎬ볆뮮늿쏅튪ퟩ횯웳튵룷랽쏦뗄풴ꆢ킭뗷뫍뿘훆룷늿쏅뗄짺닺뺭펪믮뚯ꎬ릤ퟷ랶캧뫜듳ꎬ뛔췢폐짏쿂벶맜샭닣벶맘쾵ꎬ뛔쓚튪짦벰떽룷룶횰쓜늿쏅ꎬ틲듋볆뮮릤ퟷ죋풱튪쳘뇰잿뗷릵춨킭뗷틢쪶ꆣ튪얬솦붨솢웳튵쓚폫룷횰쓜늿쏅뗄뫍킳쮳뎩뗄죋볊맘쾵ꎬ쳘뇰튪힢훘럇헽쪽쟾뗀뗄붨솢뫍캬뮤ꆣ뺭볃퓋탐뫍벨킧뾼뫋튪뛔룷늿쏅뗄샻틦맘쾵쪱볓틔킭뗷뫍욽뫢ꎬ솦헹릫욽릫헽ꆣ (4)볡돖쪵쫂쟳쫇틢쪶ꆣ헽좷뗘훆뚨볆뮮뗄잰쳡쫇럻뫏쿖쪵쳵볾뫍웳튵랢햹뗄탨튪ꎬ튪붫뇘튪탔폫뿉쓜탔춳튻웰살ꆣ볆뮮릤ퟷ늻쓜뇕쏅퓬뎵ꎬ튪힢틢뗄뗷닩퇐뺿ꎬ쳘뇰쫇퓚탐튵볆뮮쳥훆쿂ꎬ뛔놾웳튵뗄룷쿮볆뮮릤ퟷ늻쓜췌퓦헕냡짏벶횸쇮ꆣ뇘탫죏헦럖컶놾뗘쟩뿶ꎬ틲뗘훆틋뗘뾪햹릤ퟷꆣ (5)놣돖뾪췘뷸좡틢쪶ꆣ퓚늻춬뗄랢햹뷗뛎웳튵뗄뒴탂돌뛈쫇늻춬뗄ꎬ웳튵뗄뒴탂뮹쫜탐튵놳뺰ꆢ닺튵뷡릹ꆢ쫐뎡탨쟳뗈뛠랽쏦뗄펰쿬ꎬ쿠뛔돉쫬뗄웳튵믡뷏뛠뗄뾼싇랢햹뗄컈뚨탔ꆣ떫쫇웳튵뗄랢햹샫늻뾪뒴탂ꎬ뾪췘탔뗘뾪햹볆뮮릤ퟷ쫇웳튵뒴탂쮼쿫뗄벯훐뇭쿖ꆣ퇌닝릫쮾펦룃얬솦뿋럾내늿뻍냠틲톭쫘뻉뗄쮼쿫ꎬ틔뿉돖탸랢햹캪쒿뇪ꎬ믽벫냑컕룷훖믺믡ꎬ퓚웳튵맜샭훐룼뛠뗘퓶볓튻뗣뒴튵뺫짱ꆣ 35
훂 킻 룐킻컒뗄떼쪦쇵랼뢱뷌쫚ꎬ쇵샏쪦틔웤풨늩뗄튵횪쪶뫍퇏뷷뗄훎톧첬뛈짮짮뗘펰쿬ퟅ컒ꎬ쯽듽죋뫍낪뿉쟗ꆢ욽틗뷼죋ꆣ퓚퇐뺿짺톧쾰웚볤ꎬ쇵샏쪦캪컒쳡릩쇋솼뫃뗄톧쾰쳵볾ꎬ퓚톧튵짏쾤탄횸떼ꎬ맘뮳놸훁ꎬ쪹컒퓚샭싛짏좡뗃쇋뎤ퟣ뗄뷸늽ꆣ쇵샏쪦놥싺뗄릤ퟷ죈쟩튲쪱뿌룐좾ퟅ컒ꎬ죃컒쫜틦웄뛠ꎬ늻뛏뇞닟컒잰뷸ꆣ?춬쪱ꎬ룐킻맜샭톧풺뫍짮?뷌톧뗣뗄룷캻샏쪦ꎬ쯻쏇뗄탁쟚뷌톧쪹컒쮳샻뗄췪돉쇋룷뿆톧튵ꎬ쪹컒퓚믱뗃튵횪쪶뗄춬쪱ꎬ튲톧믡쇋캪죋ꆢ캪톧횮뗀ꎬ퓚듋튻늢뇭쪾평훔뗄룐킻ꆣ?룐킻컒뗄볒죋벰춬쫂룸컒톧쾰벰릤ퟷ짏뗄횧돖ꎡ? 36
닎뾼컄쿗 [1] 돂죙쟯,십쪿뮪.짺닺폫퓋ퟷ맜샭.놱뺩:룟뗈뷌폽돶냦짧,2004 [2] 돂퓆.돂퓆컄톡,뗚죽뻭.놱뺩:죋쏱돶냦짧,1995 [3] 뛅뒫훒.맑춷슢뛏쫐뎡뷡릹폫뺭볃킧싊.놱뺩:뺭볃뿆톧돶냦짧,2003 [4] 룟뫨튵.컷랽뺭볃톧.(뗚뛾냦).놱뺩:훐맺죋쏱듳톧돶냦짧,2000:235 [5] 룟뫨튵,쇵럯솼.20쫀볍컷랽뺭볃톧뗄랢햹.놱뺩:짌컱펡쫩망,2004 [6] 룟럥.랢듯놾훷틥뺭볃훐뗄슢뛏폫뺺헹.쳬뷲:쓏뾪듳톧돶냦짧,1997 [7] 릨뷰쇺.뻭퇌탨쟳뗄볛룱떯탔돵첽[A].맺볒퇌닝싴뻖퇌닝뺭볃퇐뺿쯹뺭볃퇐뺿놨룦,뗚24뫅[C].. [8] 릨캬뺴.슢뛏뺭볃톧.짏몣:짏몣죋쏱돶냦짧,2007 [9] 믆퇇뻻.캢맛뺭볃톧.놱뺩:룟뗈뷌폽돶냦짧,2005 [10] 뿆쮹.웳튵뗄탔훊.볻:쪢뫩.쿖듺훆뛈뺭볃톧.놱뺩:놱뺩듳톧돶냦짧,2005:103-117 [11] 쓟틦.헛훐뗄훐맺퇌닝.놱뺩:훐맺뺭볃돶냦짧,2003 [12] 싞뇶쮹,쮹뗙럒.P..맜샭톧.(뗚쯄냦).믆컀캰,쯯붨쏴,췵럯뇲뗈 틫.놱뺩:훐맺죋쏱듳톧돶냦짧,2002:157-162 [13] 십쪿뮪,쇖폂,돂횾쿩.릩펦솴맜샭.놱뺩:믺킵릤튵돶냦짧,2004 [14] 십킪뛻.뺭볃톧풭샭.솮퓋뷜틫.놱뺩:뮪쿄돶냦짧,2005 [15] 얣쿾랫.닺튵ퟩ횯샭싛벰쿠맘컊쳢퇐뺿.놱뺩:훐맺뺭볃돶냦짧,2006 [16] 쟇솺.맦쒣뺭볃싛.놱뺩:뛔췢뺭볃쎳틗듳톧돶냦짧,2000 [17] 쮹싞싼,J..뺭볃톧.(뗚쯄냦).맹쟬췺틫.놱뺩:뺭볃뿆톧돶냦짧,2001:86-89 [18] 컢붡낲.쫐뎡펪쿺톧.놱뺩:룟뗈뷌폽돶냦짧,2000:60-63 [19] 컢틗럧.십뿋쮼훷틥뺭볃톧뫍탂ퟔ평훷틥뺭볃톧.놱뺩:훐맺뺭볃돶냦짧ꎬ2006 [20] 컢틗럧,뚡뇹.십뿋쮼훷틥쫓뷇훐뗄컷랽뺭볃톧.놱뺩:훐맺뺭볃돶냦짧,2006 [21] 퇇떱·쮹쏜.맺쏱닆뢻뗄탔훊뫍풭틲뗄퇐뺿.놱뺩:짌컱펡쫩망,1997 [22] 폚붨풭.펪쿺맜샭.돉뚼:컷쓏닆뺭듳톧돶냦짧,1999:490-491 [23] 폎.뾨쳘뛻맦훆훆뛈퇐뺿.놱뺩:램싉돶냦짧,2006 [24] 퇮릫웓.닺튵뺭볃톧.짏몣ꎺ뢴떩듳톧돶냦짧ꎬ2005ꎺ157-161 [25] 헅튫믔.닺튵ퟩ횯폫맦훆.놱뺩:뺭볃뿆톧돶냦짧,2006,127-128 [26] 듎역.헾훎뺭볃톧룙튪.놱뺩:훐맺죋쏱듳톧돶냦짧ꎬ1993 [27] 헅쇖.훐맺뗄“탂훆뛈뺭볃톧”퓋뚯:탂ퟔ평훷틥헟폫십뿋쮼훷틥헟튻듎뒥벰쇩믪뗄 37
뚷헹.헾훎뺭볃톧움싛2006뻭(뗚1벭ꎩ.놱뺩:훐맺죋쏱듳톧돶냦짧,2006 [28] 헅잿.슢뛏폫뺺헹:쏀맺랴췐삭쮹헾닟웊컶.짏몣:죽솪쫩뗪,1993 [29] Becker G, Grossman M and Murphy K. An economic analysis of cigarette addiction. American Economic Review, 1997,84 (2):396 ꆫ 418. [30] Chamberlin,..The Theory of Monopolistic University Press,1933. [31] Commission of the European on Competition , 1980-2002 [32] Frank,Robert H..Microeconomics and -Hill,2003. [33] Fine,B. and and Monopoly , Wheatsheaf, 1984 [34]Flystein,Neil. The Transformation of Corporate University Press, Cambridge MA, 1990 [35] Kairer, Competition:The Economics of Mergers and Monopoly Published, 1994 [36] Lamoreanx,Naormi R..The Great Merger Moverment in American Business 1895-1904. Harvard University Press,Cambridge MA, 1985 [37] Mennell,T..The Growth of Monopoly in Britain. 1962 [38] Scherer, David Market Structure and Economic Performance. Honghton Mifflin Co. Boston MA,1990 [39] Stigler,Geoge J..The Theory of Price,3rd York:Macmillan, 1966 [40] Taylor,John B..Economics. Honghton Mifflin Co. Boston MA,2005 [41] Varian,Hal R..Microeconomic Analysis,2nd York:Norton, 1984 38
뢽슼:릥뛁쮶쪿웚볤닎볓뗄뗷퇐뿎쳢 [1] 닎볓짮?쫐퇌닝싴뻖ꎨ릫쮾ꎩ뿎쳢ꎺ뢺퓰짮?쫐퇌닝탐튵뗚쪮튻룶컥쓪맦뮮ꎨ2006-2010쓪ꎩ뗄뻟쳥ퟩ횯릤ퟷꎬ룃쿮쒿폫짮?뾪랢퇐뺿풺릲춬췪돉ꆣ [2] 닎볓짮?쫐퇌닝싴뻖ꎨ릫쮾ꎩ뿎쳢ꎺ뢺퓰짮?쫐뻭퇌쿻럑탐캪죫뮧뗷닩뗄ퟩ횯릤ퟷꎬ룃쿮뗷닩평짮?쫐췲쇺쳚쫐뎡뗷닩릫쮾췪돉ꆣ [3] 닎볓짮?쫐퇌닝싴뻖ꎨ릫쮾ꎩ뿎쳢ꎺ뢺퓰짮?쫐뻭퇌쇣쫛뿍뮧싺틢뛈뗷닩뗄뻟쳥ퟩ횯릤ퟷꎬ룃쿮뗷닩평짮?쫐췲쇺쳚쫐뎡뗷닩릫쮾췪돉ꆣ [4] 닎볓짮?쫐퇌닝싴뻖ꎨ릫쮾ꎩ뿎쳢ꎺ닎볓짮?쫐뻭퇌쇣쫛췸싧붨짨뗄뗷퇐뫍볬닩믮뚯ꆣ [5] 닎볓짮?쫐퇌닝싴뻖ꎨ릫쮾ꎩ뿎쳢ꎺ닎볓퇌닝탐튵“맺볒샻틦훁짏ꆢ쿻럑헟샻틦훁짏”볛횵맛뗄쳖싛ꆣ [6] 닎볓짮?쫐퇌닝싴뻖ꎨ릫쮾ꎩ뿎쳢ꎺ닎볓뻭퇌짌튵릩펦솴“내뚩떥ퟩ횯믵풴”뿎쳢뗄쳖싛ꆣ [7] 닎볓짮?쫐퇌닝싴뻖ꎨ릫쮾ꎩ뿎쳢ꎺ닎볓퇌닝탐튵볓잿쓚늿싴맜샭뗄볬닩릤ퟷꆣ [8] 닎볓짮?쫐퇌닝싴뻖ꎨ릫쮾ꎩ뿎쳢ꎺ닎볓짮?쫐퇌닝탐튵횰튵붡뾵낲좫쳥쾵뗄맡뇪릤ퟷꆣ [9] 닎볓짮?쫐퇌닝싴뻖ꎨ릫쮾ꎩ뿎쳢ꎺ뢺퓰짮?쫐퇌닝탐튵짌튵웳튵좫쏦췆탐뫍맡뎹ISO9000훊솿맜샭쳥쾵뗄뻟쳥ퟩ횯릤ퟷꆣ [10] 닎볓짮?쫐퇌닝싴뻖ꎨ릫쮾ꎩ뿎쳢ꎺ닎볓“쮫컄쏷”뾼뫋릤ퟷ킡ퟩ뗄뗷닩뫍퇐뺿릤ퟷꆣ 39
