ྏაྛູ࣮,:20042(2)469၂473S༥sdieofla༓ehotoסandBehav్rᇶܴྜྷڞۋࠣఃაದ֥ܱ۬༢ሸඍโਟ(Кࣘն࿐ྏ࿐༢,Кࣘ10871)ᅋေᇶܴྜྷڞۋ,ࠧದૌؓૌളࠃ֥౦ۋྟބಪᆩྟࡎ,Їওն؟ඔದ෮໌֥ྜྷڞa࣡aӮࣼބളࠃડၩ؇bದ۬หᆘ,หљ൞ຓཟྟބപࣜᇉ,Фಪູ൞႕ཙᇶܴྜྷڞۋඣ֥ᇶေၹbෙಖದ۬ିࢳཌྷ֒ඔਈ֥ᇶܴྜྷڞۋ֥эၳ,൞ದ۬აᇶܴྜྷڞۋᆭࡗ֥ၹݔ৳༢ߎીႵ౼֤ཁᇷ֥࣮ӮݔbܱՍᇶܴྜྷڞۋ,ದ۬,ളࠃડၩ؇bٳোݼB848ᇶܴྜྷڞۋ(sue्ctiv,eWell၂eingࡥӫۋ֥ԛགྷ,ࠧᆞྟ౦ۋބڵྟ౦ۋཌྷؓ৫bֻSWB)൞іૼ۱ุളࠃᇉਈބഠ߶ሹุളࠃᇉਈ֥۱หᆘ൞:҂ࣇЇওᆞྟ౦ۋބڵྟ౦ۋ,ߎЇও၂۱ᇗေ֥ޙਈᆷѓbDienerބSuh۴ऌིႨ֥ᅽളࠃડၩ؇ᆷѓຩbෙಖSWB֥ૄ۱Ӯٳّ႘ਔ࿐ۀ,ิԛᇶܴྜྷڞۋ൞ܙഠ߶ളࠃᇉਈ֥ದૌؓૌളࠃᇏؿള֥൙ࡱ֥ࡎ,൞౦ۋྟӮᇕᆷѓᆭ၂b(ਸ਼ຓਆᇕ൞ࣜ࠶֥ބഠ߶֥ᆷѓ)[l]ٳބಪᆩྟӮٳᆭࡗಯіགྷԛਔଖᇕӱ؇֥৫ྟbਔࢳѩᇗ൪ದૌೂޅۋ൳ބࡎૌ֥ളࠃ,ؓႿऎႵۚඣSWB֥ದ,ФಪູႵۚඣ֥ᆞྟ౦ۋa၂۱ഠ߶൞ᇀܱᇗေ֥bࠒ֥ࠞSWB൞ૅݺളࠃ֮ඣ֥ڵྟ౦ۋaۚඣ֥ളࠃડၩ؇bބૅݺഠ߶֥сေ่ࡱbؓႿྛູ॓࿐࣮ط,ૄ۱ದ֥ྏ౦a౦࿂ބሱࡎྟ֥؎ᄝ҂ၧऎႵᇗေ֥ࠎԤྟbൈࡗႵѯ(Ӊ௹ཌྷؓ໗ק,؋௹ޓഒ࣮b)SWB֥࣮ᆀ࣮ᆃུѯ,္ฐษᄝ۱ุࠣഠ1ᇶܴྜྷڞۋ߶ᆭࡗթᄝ֥Ӊ௹֥नඣ֥ҵၳຩbၹՎ,ؓ.11SWB֥קၬ۱ุބಕุ֥ҩਈၛ࣮ࠣ൞сေطႵၩၬ֥֥࣮ਵთ,ݤۂਔؓದૌೂޅࡎ135ߌ੩֥࣮ൎૌ֥ളࠃ֥॓࿐ٳ༅b[2]ᆃᇕࡎ࠻ᆷؓ֒భളࠃᄝSWB֥࣮ൎᇏ,Ⴕඹ่҂֥࣮ਫ਼֥ࡎ,္ᆷؓӉ௹ളࠃ֥ࡎ(ೂݖಀ֥၂୍ൈཌbֻ၂่ᇶေ֥࣮ਫ਼ཌটሱഠ߶࿐ࡅބളࠃᇉࡗb)ࡎ֥ଽಸЇওದૌؓ൙ࡱ֥౦࿂ྟّႋ,ਈ࣮ᆀ,ૌᄎႨטҰ֥ٚمট࣮ದ१࿐ၹؓളࠃ֥ડၩ؇,Ӯࣼၛࠣᄝᇭೂ߾ၽބ۽ቔ֩ਵ(২ೂ൬ದބ߾ၽሑঃ)ೂޅ႕ཙSwB২bֻؽ่თ෮ྙӮ֥౦࿂ބ؎bၹՎ,SWB൞ؓ௴๙ದ࣮ਫ਼ཌটሱྏࡲू֥࣮ᆀ,ૌ൫Ϝྏ֥ܱႿ෮໌֥ྜྷڞࠇડၩ֥࣮bࡲू֥ۀՖીႵၝკބИ֥ᆡሑঔᅚ֞ԛགྷྜྷ.12SWB֥ቆӮӮٳڞۋބളࠃડၩ؇ຩbֻ่ਫ਼ཌটሱದ۬ྏ࿐ࡅ,SWBӉ௹ၛটФಪູႵਆᇕӮٳ:౦ۋྟӮૌ࣮ྜྷڞ֥ದބ҂ྜྷڞ֥ದ࣮ࣨႵଧུದٳބಪᆩྟӮٳb౦ۋྟӮٳٳູᆞྟ౦ۋބڵྟ۬ҵၳඹbቋު,ഠ߶ބಪᆩྏ࿐ࡅ࣮ൡႋބ౦ۋਆোbಪᆩྟӮٳЇݣളࠃડၩ؇bѓሙ֥э߄ೂޅ႕ཙದૌ֥SW,Bᆃ൞ֻඹ่ਫ਼ཌSWBऎႵ۱ཁᇷหᆘbֻ၂۱หᆘ൞:ᄝ[1lb]ႮႿ൳֞۲ᇕ҂֥႕ཙ,؟ᇕ࣮൭؍,ೂקၬഈ,֥Чᇉ൞ᇶܴ֥,ྜྷڞۋ൞၂ᇕ۱ದุטҰaൌဒ൩ൌဒބ۱σ࣮ܼٗႋႨႿᆃ۱ਵთbဒ,ࠎЧഈ৫Ⴟఃದ֥ुمඹbֻؽ۱หᆘ൞:Ⴕྸ؟ԮંႵᇹႿࢳSWbBದЧᇶၬۚ,SWB҂ࣇࣇ൞ીႵڵྟ౦ۋ,ߎЇওᆞྟ౦ྏ࿐ႄఏਔದૌؓᆞྟSWB֥࣮bྸ؟ದ۬൬۠ರ௹:203၂31၂8ቔᆀࡥࢺ:โਟ,ଳ,Кࣘն࿐ྏ࿐༢ණൖb469
470ྏაྛֻູ࣮2जၹ,ೂగᇉaؓߌ֥ൡႋ(หᇉྟၹ)ބ۱ಖط,ᆞೂDeNevbބeooper෮ᆷԛ֥,ֆุଢѓ֥หᆘ(٤หᇉၹ)֩ཁᇷֹ႕ཙਔֹࠢᇏႿຓཟྟބപࣜᇉॖି߶ݖႿࡥֆֹӧඍದSWB֥ඣb൞,ଢభߎીႵ၂۱ۀൕି۬ބSWBᆭࡗگᄖ֥৳༢ଆൔbૌႨჭٳ༅ܔ၂ᆃ۱ਵთb112ඌᆜކਔ֞1996୍ູᆸაSWBཌྷܱ֥137่ದ۬SW֗ॖၛ๙ݖྸ؟ٚمࣉྛҩਈbؓႿ֥หᇉ֥໓ངbࢲݔіૼ,ದ۬ބSWB֥ሹุཌྷܱ౦࿂ྟӮٳ,ೂॹুބડၩ؇,ҐႨਔն૫ࠒטҰູ.,019ᄝᇗေྟഈࣇՑႿᇶܴࡎ֥ࡲूሑঃb֥ٚم(২ೂ,o၂ϮඪটႵ؟ॹুp,?)ၛࠣ၂ུॺ֥ٗົ؇ބٓຶཌྷؓࢠᅎ֥หᇉཁൕԛਔაᄝ҂ൈࡗؓྏ౦ބ౦࿂ࣉྛࣜဒྟԎဢ,ѩҐႨSWBႵ၂ᇁ֥ཌྷܱbೂ,նᇏ֥ބᄆྟބ܄ᆞটሱࡅ๖ބழႶ֥٤ᆞൔБۡb҂ഒ࣮ҐႨ-DiྟაSWB֥ཌྷܱնჿູ;ၝᇅྟٝპaྐaene:ބEmmons֥9ཛᆞྟ౦ۋބڵྟ౦ۋྙಸՍ౦࿂໗קྟa॥ᇅრaିӹ७aሱቍaুܴa॥ᇅі(4۱ᆞྟྙಸՍ:৯ರԫ,Jעࠫ,1ԫea,dބׄބࣅᅦ֩აSWBႵᇏ֩ӱ؇ཌྷܱbBostib֩elהoymenႩn;5۱ڵྟྙಸՍ:un৯עഒഒ,-de࣮ؿགྷ,॥ᇅׄა5ߌrB֥౦ۋྟӮٳ৳༢ૡ్bྑsse,dࡆstrate,dewozTJӋnxJnousބanيಒb,tile)ࢠۚඣ֥ຓ॥აࢠۚඣڵྟ౦ۋaࢠ֮ඣᆞটޙਈᆞྟ౦ۋބڵྟ౦ۋbl3]ྟ౦ۋཌྷܱ,ࢠۚඣ֥ଽ॥აࢠ֮ڵྟ౦ۋaࢠؓႿSWB֥ಪᆩྟӮٳ,๙ݖളࠃડၩ؇טۚඣ֥ᆞྟ౦ۋཌྷܱbط,ૌᆷԛ,܄ᆞྟҰބҩਈളࠃ֥۲۱ٚ૫,ೂ߾ၽ,۽ቔaু֥ބ॥ᇅ֥ׄᄎగӮٳ൞SWBэၳ֥৫֥ದ۬ყડၩ؇ބӮࣼۋটܙb๙ӈႨDiener,,Emmonҩэਈ,Ⴍః൞ऎႵۚඣ܄ᆞྟۚඣຓ॥֥LarsenބGrifin֥ളࠃડၩ؇ਈі(satռӋcϤbФ൫ᄝ؋௹ଽSWB֥э߄ࢠնbwiۿlifescale,SWL)টҩਈbෙಖຓཟྟބപࣜᇉႄఏਔᇙ؟࣮ᆀ֥ᇿၩ,൞ૌაSWB֥ཌྷܱӱ؇ѩ҂൞ቋۚb2႕ཙSWB֥ᇶေ֥ದ۬ၹDeNeveބCoPer࣮ਔᄝ10۱ࠇၛഈ҂ဢЧᇏᄪ௹SWB֥࣮ᇶေࠢᇏႿಒקջটડၩളაSWBႵᇏ֩ӱ؇ཌྷܱ֥ದ۬หᇉ(܋Ⴕ13۱b)ࠃ֥ຓ่҆ࡱb২ೂ,WilsonਙԛਔაSWBҩਈᄝᆃུหᇉაSWB֥ཌྷܱ༢ඔᇏ,പࣜᇉູה.,27ཌྷܱ֥۲ᇕದ१࠹࿐ٚ૫֥ၹnb[4]֞1980ຓཟྟູ,ٳљֻູބֻੂbᆃіૼ҂ିࣇ୍,ࣼႵ50؟ཛ࣮ฐษਔა5ߌrBႵܱ֥۲ᇕႨຓཟྟބപࣜᇉটࢳದ۬აSWB֥৳༢bದ१࠹࿐ٚ૫֥ၹbުট,࣮ᆀૌषಪ്ದ֥۬ਸ਼ຓ၂ུ٤หᇉ֥หᆘ္ႵॖିაSWB֞ຓ҆ၹؓႿSWBᆺႵᇏ֩ӱ؇֥႕ཙၼbದႵܱbEmmon,ᆷԛ۱ุଢѓ֥۲ᇕหᆘ(ೂᇗေ१࿐ၹ,ೂࡲूa൬ದa࢝ტМࣟބ߾ၽሑঃᆺଢѓ֥թᄝaཟՎଢѓ֥ࢤ࣍ބ҂ଢѓᆭࡗ֥ԊିࢳSWB֥၂ཬ҆ٳэၳb࣮іૼSWBა໗)ؓ౦ۋྟބಪᆩྟ֥ྜྷڞۋႵᇗေ႕ཙbl]qק֥ದ۬หᇉӈႵޓ֥ۚཌྷܱb෮ၛ,ޓ؟࣮ሇཟਔؓದ۬ބႄV֗ᆭࡗܱ༢֥ฐ෬b3ܱႿSWຣ֥ದ۬ંྸ؟ದ۬หᇉაSWBႵܱᄇ,൞୍࣍টაSWBཌྷܱ֥ದ۬ંᇶေࠢᇏႿ࣮SWB֥ંބࣜဒ࣮,ೂჭٳ༅ބࢲܒٚӱଆؿགྷᇏ۱ٚ૫֥۱ุҵၳ:(l)౦ۋྟބಪᆩྟSWBაຓཟྟބപࣜᇉᆭࡗႵሢᇏ఼֩֞ۚ؇֥SWB֥ࠎཌඣ,(2)౦࿂ྟّႋ,(3)ؓ౦ཌྷܱbLucasބFujita࣮ؿགྷ,ຓཟྟބᆞྟ౦࿂ྟྐ༏֥ಪᆩބࡆ۽ݖӱbۋ֥ཌྷູܱᄝႨࢲܒٚӱଆܙപHeadeyބWeৡngᄝ1992୍ิԛ৯ޙଆࣜᇉބڵྟ౦ۋᆭࡗཌྷ఼ܱ֥؇ൈ,္֤֞ਔোරၼbھଆಪູૄ۱۱ุ֥SWBनႵห֥a֥ۚཌྷܱl్bHart࣮֩ؿགྷ,പࣜᇉބຓཟྟູದ۬෮थק֥ࠎཌඣbऎႵଖᇕದ֥۬۱ุॖದ۬ົ؇൞֥ؓࣞܲPQoL(ᆩत֥֞ളࠃᇉਈ)ିࣜଖᇕো֥൙ࡱ,ೂຓཟбଽཟ۷ॖିࢲ߾ቋ఼֥ყҩэਈbႮႿᆃུ࣮ࢲݔ֥၂ᇁྟ,ྸࠇֹ໊֤֥֞ۚ۽ቔ;ط,ᆃུ൙ࡱ႕ཙ۱ุ؟࣮ᆀಪູ,ದ۬ႋ൞ყҩSWB֥ቋႵ႕ཙ৯SWB֥ඣb҂࿙ӈ൙ࡱॖି۱ุ֥SWBۚႿ֥ၹ,ఃᇏຓཟྟؓSWB֥ԛགྷaപࣜᇉؓႿࠇ֮Ⴟᆃ၂ࠎཌඣ;۴ऌHeadeyބwearingbSߌ֥ࣸཨാቋູܱರ8]֥࣮,ᆃᇕொ൞ᄠൈ֥,֒൙ࡱ߫گᆞӈᆭ
ֻ2௹471ު,۱ุ֥SWBቋᇔࡼ߭֞ࠎཌඣbᇏაࢠۚඣ֥ᆞྟ౦ۋႵ৳༢,ᄝაหᇉ҂၂ᇁః࣮ᆀಪູSWB֥၂ϮҵၳఏၹႿ౦࿂֥ྛູᇏაࢠۚඣ֥ڵྟ౦ۋႵ৳༢bّႋ֥ҵၳbGray֥ದ۬ંಪູ,۱ุSWB֥Oishi֩ಪູᄝದ۬ބSWBᆭࡗ֥৳༢ᇏ,ࡎҵၳᇶေႮնଷᇏ֥ਆ۱༢֥ҵၳ෮ᄯӮ֥[zl:]ᆴܴϲဆਔᇗေ֥ཌྷ႕ཙ֥࢘ຩbૌؿགྷ(1)ྛູࠗࠃ༢(eٚaಫb࿓-1bcovationsyࡎᆴܴߏބਔऎุਵთ֥ડၩ؇ބሹุ֥ളࠃડၩtb,BAs)ؓࢂৣބ٤Ӳـྟྐݼૹۋ,๙ݖࢂ؇ᆭࡗ֥ܱ༢,ࡎᆴܴߏބਔૄರࠃؓૄರડၩৣטࢫྛູ;(2)ྛູၝᇅ༢(theaษৡ༝؇֥႕ཙbۚۋत࿙ᆀᄝܙሱ࠭ؓളࠃ֥ડၩ,inࡂtionsyetmBls)ؓӲـބ٤ࢂৣྟྐݼૹ౦ঃൈ,б֮ۋत࿙ᆀ۷ॖିॉ੮ॹ֥ۋतbۋ,๙ݖӲـטࢫྛູbࠎႿھં,ࢺbe֗gಪሹ֥ඪট,ᆃུ࣮іૼૌႵсေՖሹุഈູ,ބଽཟᆀཌྷб,ຓཟᆀ۷ಸၞؓॹ֥౦࿂Տࣉྛॉ੮,ط҂൞ࡥֆֹ࣮หᇉބ౦,ၛؿགྷࠗӁളّႋ;ა໗ק֥۱ุཌྷб,പࣜᇉ֥۱ุ۷ದ۬ބSWBᆭࡗ֥ཌྷ႕ཙbಸၞؓ҂ॹ֥౦࿂ՏࠗӁളّႋຩb5ॖିႨটࢳದ۬ބSWBᆭࡗܱ༢֥ቋު֥֒భܱႿSWB֥ં࣮֥ࠣྍэਈ൞ದૌؓ౦࿂ྟྐ༏֥ಪᆩބࡆ۽ٚൔbٚཟRustingᆷԛ,ᄝࡆ۽౦࿂ྟଽಸൈ,ຓཟބപࣜᇉࣜݖ30؟୍֥࣮,ྏ࿐ࡅᄝSWB໙ีഈ֥ದ۬หᇉaӉ௹֥౦ۋ֥หᇉބ؋ᄠ֥౦࿂ሑ౼֤ਔऍն֥ࣉ҄b൞,࣮ᆀં൞ࠢᇏႿหა۱ุҵၳႵ৳༢bᆣऌіૼ,ದૌ۷ॖିۋᆩaᇉྟߎ൞ః٤หᇉྟ֥ದ۬ၹ,сྶᇿၩ҂ᇿၩބ࠺ၫა౦࿂၂ᇁࠇაหᇉ၂ᇁ֥ྐ༏ຩbေՖіൕཌྷܱܱ༢֥ඔऌࣼંԛ۲ᇕჰၹᅝऌᄸDienerބLueasᄝ1999୍߭ܤਔSWBᇏ۱љဢ֥ᇗေӱ؇bն؟ඔ࣮іૼದ۬ބSWB൞ཌྷҵၳ֥၂ུਸ਼ຓ֥ંࢳ,Їও౦࿂ഠ߶߄ଆܱ֥,ၛభ֥࣮ສສಪູຓཟྟ൞ิۚᇶܴྜྷބଢѓଆඹbಖط,ᆃུଆ๙ӈؓࢳSWBڞۋ֥ܱbCunninghamބIsenᆷԛ,ॹ֥֥Ӊ௹֥໗קྟބ၂ᇁྟႵႨ,҂ିޓݺֹࢳದ౦࿂ॖၛ֝ᇁ۷ݺ֥ࢌ࠽ۋ,طࢌ࠽ۋ൞ຓཟྟห۬ބSWBᆭࡗ֥ऎุ৳༢bᇉ֥หᆘbl28]ᆃဢ,Ӊ௹ۚඣ֥ᆞྟ౦ۋႵॖି߶՜Ӯࢌݺ֥ࢌ࠽ۋ,ࠧದ۬აSWBॖିթᄝ4ದ۬֝ᇁ֥SWBҵၳሢཌྷّ֥ၹݔܱ༢bն؟ඔࢳದ۬აSWBܱ༢֥ંࠢᇏႿದӆubowirskyބRossᄝ1997୍षؿਔ၂۱бࢠ۬ؓ౦ۋྟބಪᆩྟSWB֥ᆰࢤ႕ཙbಖط,္Ⴕభ֥ࣟൌဒٓൔඹbૌ֥၂۱࣮൞ᆃဢ֥:Ⴕॖି൞ದ۬ؓSWB֥ࡗࢤ႕ཙࠇཌྷቔႨ֝ᇁ(1)็࿊Ф൫ਔSWB֥ҵၳ,ೂႮႿ҂֥ളࠃ൙ࡱބളࠃߌ൮༵,ಞ୯ྟީ࿊Ф൫ቓ7ׄLikঙൔ֥ሱ,ࡆᆭದ֥۬҂,ၹطؓSWB֥႕ཙ҂b໙ज,ࠆ֤ૌ֒భॹুӱ؇֥ሑঃ;ಖު,ᄝั২ೂ,࣐ܵຓཟᆀ၂Ϯটඪбଽཟᆀॹু,Ԣ֤ٳູ1ٳބ7ٳ֥2ᇕࠞ؊֥۱ุᆭު,ՖФKetteؿགྷຓཟ֥ቌٕбଽཟ֥ቌٕ۷҂ॹুbᆃ൫֥ٳඔٳֻ֥҃1۱25%ބֻ4۱25%ᇏ۲็іૼࡓს֥౦ބຓཟౠཟ҂၂ᇁbOishi֩ᆰࢤԛ25۱ದ,ቔູᆞൔФ൫bֹ২ᆣਔದ۬ބ౦ᆭࡗ֥ཌྷቔႨܥbૌ(2)ٚمႨૄ฿֥ರ࠺ࣉྛ࣮,ࢲݔؿགྷ,ა֮ۋत࿙ᄝൌဒ൩ᇏ,၂୯ྟФ൫ބ၂ࡌልӮਸ਼၂ᆀཌྷб,ۚۋत࿙ᆀ֥ളॹু֥ࣜဒაರӈડФ൫֥୯ྟൌဒᆀ֥ଔ၂ఏປӮཌྷܱ֥໙जބൌၩᆭࡗ৳༢۷ࣅૡbဒༀb၂ଳྟൌဒᆀ(҂ᆩ֡Ф൫֥ॹুӱMoscowitzބCoteࡌഡѩ҂൞ದ۬ა౦ᆭࡗ؇)ࢳඪ,Ф൫Ӯؓቓൌဒ൞ູਔoࢫസൈࡗpb֥၂ᇁྟ,ط൞ದ۬აྛູᆭࡗ֥၂ᇁྟ,ؓ౦ۋᄝൌဒభ,Ф൫ປӮ၂۱໙ज,Ⴈ၂۱9ׄྟSWB۷ᇗေၼbૌᆷԛุဒ֥֞აหᇉ၂ᇁࠫkertൔਈіࡎෲགྷᄝ֥ྏ౦bᆃႨႿ֤֞၂۱֥ࠇაหᇉ҂၂ᇁ֥౦აSWB֥ҵљඣીႵሸކ֥ᆞྟྏ౦ᆷඔbಖުФ൫ބൌဒᆀ֥ଔᄝ৳༢b২ೂຓཟѩ҂၂ק൞ᄝഠ߶౦ᇏࢠॹুb20ٳᇒଽ၂ఏࣉྛ҉ሳༀބഠ߶бࢠൌဒbಖطଖུหᇉ,ೂބᄆྟ֩,ᄝაหᇉ၂ᇁ֥ྛູᆇᆞ֥Ф൫҂ᆩ֥֡൞,ਸ਼၂۱oФ൫p၂ᆰᇿၩ
472ྏაྛֻູ࣮2जሢෲ֥؇,ѩႵၩປӮ֤бෲնჿ؟50%ࠇഒ4༝ӥtlveweU၂.ngౡeho~mՕcallٕletin,1(֗r,95:50%bൌဒࣉྛު5ٳᇒބెٳᇒൈ,ൌဒᆀႨ7ၬ2၂575ׄᄅದertਈіుు࠺༯Ф൫іགྷԛট֥ࢊ੮ሑঃb51ຣel᧹.,ုRAᓾ᧹ೂۥ~߃࠺axϔof~ཕitjvealࡆnd২Iveaf-ᆃུܙࢲކఏট֤֞၂۱іགྷ֥ڵྟྏ౦ᆷඔbԚ.JmҚݖJRძݖityโԷxაjඳࠫᇜdu,હಫ,1:471၂ԫ7ൌဒࢲඏު,Ф൫ބൌဒᆀଔФٳᄝ҂֥6Diene,rEEmnsmoRA,rsenRA,ٜࡗᇏbФ൫ФေປӮ၂ቆ9ׄӋkertൔ֥ሱ,,199849:71၂75ྏ౦ބ҉ሳି৯֥ਈіb7Ӌ,.casRE,DienerESuhEљᇜطnโpvඳidityofwelesl᧹ingൌဒభФ൫֥࿊ᄴಒЌᄝି৯ބࣜဒഈીႵቆࡗc~nlaloflaႆnalityโ࠺٢ialPsࢸ1101ݿ,1ળ,771:ҵၳ,ࠧᄝᇆ৯ഈaؓ҉ሳି৯֥ሱࡎഈaທ~61Ѿ628҉ሳႳ༤֥ੱഈaؓ҉ሳႳ༤֥༟ιӱ؇ഈac8CampbellA,ConverseP,ERogersWLThequalityOfAme-riؓቓݺ҉ሳႳ༤֥ᇗေྟഈ,ॹু֥Ф൫ބ҂ॹু.eanLifeNewYork:SageFOun,d2(X)3֥Ф൫ીႵૼཁ֥҂bෲૌᆭࡗື၂֥ҵљᄝႿൌ9Jahऴ¥IltConcelrtsofP(mitiveHඳႮBasicဒభ֥ྏ౦:ࠧॹু֥Ф൫षൌဒభ,Б֥ۡሹุࣸks,2ၛ)3ྏ౦ᆷඔۚႿ҂ॹু֥Ф൫Б֥ۡሹุྏ౦ᆷඔ,:ൌဒᇏ္࣐৯Ќᆣᄝ҉ሳ؇ॹ֥ϴࠇ҉Holt,Rineha,rt&Winston,2uᇝᇝ)ሳ؇ત֥ϴൌဒ่ࡱ༯,ॹু֥Ф൫ބ҂ॹ1IPର,Pleasure,andJudent:TheContextualু֥Ф൫҉ሳ֥ҠቔીႵཁᇷҵၳபandItsApplieationsMahwah,NJ:Erlbau,m1999ൌဒࠢᇏႿॹু֥Ф൫ބ҂ॹু֥Ф൫ؓି৯.12DienerE,LueasREExplainingdifereneesinsoeietallevelsބྏ౦֥ሱࡎ֥э߄ࠣః҂bൌဒࢲݔіOfhappiness:relativestandରs,,needfulfillmenteultureande-ૼ,აॹু֥Ф൫ཌྷб,҂০֥ഠ߶ϴྐ༏ؓ҂valuationtheoع..JHappinessStu,,d2(X)2l:41၂78ॹুФ൫֥႕ཙնႿႵ০֥ഠ߶ϴྐ༏ؓෲૌ֥13HϓPM.,WearnigA,JHeadeyBPOlieestressandwell၂eing႕ཙb֒҂ॹুФ൫ु֞ϴбෲ҉ሳ؇ॹൈ.,Intetingpersonality,eopinganddailywexorkࢃrieneesJoumalؓሱ࠭ປӮༀ֥ି৯іགྷԛ۷؟֥߈ၐ,ౠཟႿofoeeupationalan(1orgal٦izationalPעehaloઅ,,19568:33၂156ၝᇅࠒ֥ࠞྏ౦,മᇀБۡ҂༟ߋᆃ۱ൌဒb..14WilsonWCoخlatesofavowedhappinessPsyeholoٺBulle,tinҐႨᆃᇕൌဒ൩࣮ٚم,SWB֥࣮ᆀࡼି,199767:2~94306Ֆܱᇿଧུದ۬หᇉაSWB৳༢ቋૡ్ሇཟਔࢳ۱ె१erٕrE,D༆ದت॑MS,ຉChimzELd܄.ගႤ߄w၂1᧹iܔྟॹু֥ದᄝളࠃᇏა۱ྟ҂ॹু֥ದೂޅ҂b.ӥଲӋ൫pnӏб֛.ਪᇜຩౡBโ~౷a1)ဩࣸ,125(:2)27Ѿ3ٕሹᆭ,SߌϤ֥࣮ᆀсྶࡼᇿၩ৯ࠢᇏႿಒק16DeNeveKM,Coϴ.rHTheHᓽPyPeбonality:AMeta၂analy-ದ۬ބSWBᆭࡗ৳༢֥ၹݔٚཟഈ,ᆃࣼေ࣮၂beingP-syeholᆀૌႋ؟Ⴈൌဒٚم,ഒႨטҰٚمট࣮ၹݔܱogybulletin,,19981:24197၂229༢,षؿԛ၂ུ۷Ⴕඪڛ৯֥,ູᆃུܱ༢ิ܂ࠎ.17DienerE,LueasRE,oishisSubjee*ivewell၂being:TheSe-iԤ֥ݖӱٚ૫֥ં.,ൈᇿၩ൬ࠢሺཟ֥ඔऌbeneeOfHࠧpinessandLifeSatislhctionIn:SnyderCR,and..ҕॉ໓ངӋPezSJ(eds)HandbokofPOsitivePsyehologyNewYork:bxfor,dUnversityPres,20263၂73.,1niene:ESuhEsubjeetivewell၂beingandaઅ.ರPpyasanextravertedelam?TehroleofPeѾ.tionalperspeetiveAnnualReviwofGerontoloಕandGeriaties,sonalityforsu-bjeetivewell၂,199717:3၂04324ಕseienee,,mesNo,5oetober,,19998(5:)141၂,rEois,hisLueasREPersonality,bulture,ansudbjee-19EmonsRAPerssonaltrivinഔ:anᓽproழhtopersnoalityandtivewell၂being:-subjeetivewell၂,nualReviewOfPsyeholology,2(X)3ogy,198647:1105၂1117,၂Term20HeadeyB,We૫:ATheo१of..V૫abilityinSubjeetiveWell၂beingJoumalofoeeupationalSubjeCtlVeWell၂:Ӌn૿a,nizat,ionalpsyeholoಕ,20()l3368၂122JANeuralsystems,emotion.,21GrayandpersonalityIn:JM-ad
ֻ2௹અofທarnin,gEmotion,andAfee,tI,V:,25OishiSShimmaekUDienerEPleasureandsubjeetivewell-...20()l,273၂306NewYork:RavenbeingEurJournalofpersonality,,20115:153၂26722।Ileઅ.nAStrueturesofmodandpeࠫonalityandtheir٧,Dᇶe,nerESuhE,etalValueasam࠺eratסinsuѾ..vanoetoassessinganxiety,withanemphasisonself၂revortIn:jectivewell၂beingJournalofPersonal,ity,199967:157၂,,rsedAHᆩ,ma,JDMaser27MoseowitzDSCote5Dointeႆersonaltraitspredietaffeet?(ࣸ,681၂706Hillsdale,NJ:༝,lity,moodandeoഔiᆭivepۃessingOfe-Psp,hology,199569:915၂24..rnotionalinformation:threeeoneeptualframeworksPsyeholoഔeal28IsenAMPositiveaffeemeoࠧitiveproeesses,andsoeialbehavioLBu,lletin,1998124:165၂196AdvaneedExperimentalSoeialPsyeholo,198720:203ྏ5324~~xomREPeڸ1௵tyโld5ᆸሱჾെvew႗zᄅ߃ऽທُd֗p༶129LyubomirskyS,-mD,xຣeᇙ.,ຐච&5xྚಫN(d,)W11ᄅ᧹iᅺሦಫ࠺Ԩ֗ي۽܄i၎mਔླྀഢrisழؽAContrastOfHappyandUnhᓽpyPeᓽpliepspѾ࿓ಯࠫeೆwY.:R~15ଫR༶࠺ರjJa1ຬಫ,21ո2ູpersonalityandSoeialpsyeholoಕ,,199773(6):1141၂l၂57AREVIEWOFTHERELATIONBETWEENPERSONALITYANDSUBJECTIVEWELL၂BEINGTianLin(DePϓmentofPsphoӋഔaPekingUnersity,Beijng]११ᅺ71)AbstraetSubjeetivewell၂being(SWB,)people,semotionalandeognitiveevalua,tionsoftheirlifeineludeshappiness,.peaee,fulfillmentandlifesatisfaetionpersonalitydisposition,espeeiallyextravertionandneurotieis,,၂bein,gpersonality,lifesatisfaetion(ഈࢤֻ464်)REVIEVONTHEಫӬPACTOFATTFJBUTIONALSTYLESONMENTALHEALTHANDITSINTERVENTIONRESEARCHHuShengl(Pspholbഔresehdiois٠n,Xin,~InstitྏeofEducationalRese,archXin~ਔ610ಫAbstraetTheeurentwork15areviewontheeharaeteristie,rulesandpsyehologiealmeehanismoftheimPaetofatrribu-tionalstylesonmen,,upThefurtherresearchshouldfeousonrevealingtheeharaeteristie,mlesandpsyehologiealmeehanismoftheimPaetofindividual,ssPeeialattributionanddimensionalattributiononhismentalhealthfordif-cferentlifeevents,andmakefurtherdiseussiononthetheo೩andpraetieeoftheattributioninterventioncKeyWordsattributionalstyle,mentalhealt,hattributionintervention
