2006쓪뗚4웚ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡ쓏뾪톧놨(헜톧짧믡뿆톧냦)ꆤ21ꆤ맽돌럀뢯폫헾뢮훎샭쒣쪽맙쇅훆폫헾뢮훎샭쒣쪽뗄뇤룯돂맺뢻(쓏뾪듳톧뺭볃톧쾵,쳬뷲300071)ꆡꆡ햪튪:맙쇅훆쫇헾뢮훎샭뗄튻훖ퟩ횯탎쪽ꆣ퓚릤튵짧믡쪱웚,쯼퓸뺭랢믓맽훘튪ퟷ폃ꆣ떫퓚탅쾢짧믡,맙쇅훆헽쏦쇙짮뿌뗄캣믺,웤쓚늿탅쾢믺훆뫍벤샸믺훆뗄늻쫊펦쫇틽웰캣믺뗄룹풴ꆣ퓚쫀뷧랶캧쓚탋웰뗄ꆰ탂릫릲맜샭ꆱ퓋뚯뻍쫇뛔헢튻캣믺뗄랴펦ꆣ훐맺맙쇅훆뗄탍뛔훐맺뺭볃퓶뎤ퟶ돶쇋훘튪릱쿗,떫쿂튻늽룄룯죎컱룼볨뻞ꆢ틢틥룼짮풶ꆣ맘볼듊:맙쇅훆;훎샭;탅쾢;벤샸훐춼럖샠뫅:F019ꆡꆡ컄쿗뇪쪶싫:Aꆡꆡ컄헂뇠뫅:100124667(2006)0420021208퓚20쫀볍,폐솽훖ퟩ횯탎쪽퓸뺭놻맣랺뗘폃ퟷ헾훎훎샭(GovernmentGovernance)뗄믺훆:튻쫇맙쇅훆(Bureaucracyꋙ);뛾쫇릫릲웳튵(PublicEnterprises)\[1\]()ꆣ떫ퟔ20쫀볍70쓪듺뾪쪼,헢솽훖ퟩ횯탎쪽춬쪱쫜떽죋쏇뗄훊틉ꆣ죧뷱,퓚럅쯉맜훆뫍쫐뎡훷틥샋뎱뗄돥믷쿂,릫릲웳튵퓚쫀뷧랶캧쓚믹놾떭돶헾뢮횰쓜랶캧,뛸퓸뺭놻십뿋쮹ꆤ캤늮(M,Weber)탻돆캪헾뢮ퟮ병훎샭탎쪽뗄맙쇅훆튲헽쏦쇙잰쯹캴폐뗄캣믺,탭뛠맺볒뎢쫔뛔맙쇅훆뷸탐뇤룯,믲헟틔웤쯻랽쪽쳡릩릫릲컯욷,살쿞훆맙쇅훆릫릲럾컱뗄릩룸랶캧ꆣ폫듋춬쪱,맘폚죧뫎쯜퓬탂뗄헾뢮훎샭쒣쪽,틔쫊펦탅쾢짧믡뗄릫릲맜샭돉캪좫쟲릲춬맘힢뗄죈뗣컊쳢ꆰ,폺살폺뛠뗄죋죈훔폚틔훎샭믺훆뛔뢶쫐뎡/믲맺볒킭뗷뗄쪧냜ꆱ\[2\]ꆣ훚뛠톧뿆뗄볒쏇틔늻춬뗄뷸슷볓죫떽헢튻릲춬훷쳢훐살,룷훖샭싛늻뛏펿쿖,룷훖볙쮵붻쿠믔펳,릹돉튻럹틬닊럗돊뗄뮭쏦ꆣ좻뛸,뺡맜헢킩샭싛볙쮵횮볤탎즫룷틬,떫쯼쏇뚼폐튻룶릲춬뗄횸쿲,벴맙쇅훆;늻맜맘폚헾뢮룄룯뗄쒿뇪쒣쪽횮볤듦퓚뛠짙닮틬,쯼쏇뻹뿉쫓캪맙쇅훆헾뢮퓚쏦쇙캣믺쪱뗄튻훖뗷쫊뫍랴펦ꆣ퓚쿖폐뗄컄쿗훐,뺡맜폐늻짙쳥쿖뗄쫇뺭볃톧훇믛,떫ퟜ쳥살쮵,헢샠컄쿗듦퓚솽룶좱쿝:튻쫇퓋폃뺭볃톧랽램퇐뺿맙쇅훆쓚늿뗄좨솦믹뒡뫍맙쇅훆뗄릤뻟샭탔쿔뗃뫜떥놡;뛾쫇뛔탍웚훐맺맙쇅훆뗄뇤룯좱랦펦폐뗄훘쫓ꆣ잰헟뿉쓜럁낭쇋죋쏇뛔맙쇅훆캣믺놾훊뗄샭뷢;뫳헟퓲뿉쓜떼훂죋쏇뛔ퟮ훘튪뗄훆뛈뇤룯닺짺쒮쫓ꆣ놾컄쫔춼쏖늹헢솽룶좱쿝ꆣ쫕룥죕웚:2006204216믹뷰쿮쒿:뷌폽늿죋컄짧믡뿆톧훘뗣퇐뺿믹뗘쿮쒿(05JJD790085)ퟷ헟볲뷩:돂맺뢻(1964ꆪ),쓐,뫾쓏듈샻죋,쓏뾪듳톧뺭볃톧풺뺭볃톧쾵뢱뷌쫚,늩쪿,훷튪듓쫂헾훎뺭볃톧뫍램뺭볃톧퇐뺿ꆣꋙ퓚놾컄훐,맙쇅훆폫뿆닣훆뗄몭틥쿠춬ꆣ' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆤ22ꆤ2006쓪뗚4웚튻ꆢ탅쾢ꆢ벤샸폫맙쇅훆뗄캣믺듓릦쓜럖릤살뾴,웳튵쫇쿲짧믡쳡릩쮽죋컯욷뗄ퟩ횯,맙쇅믺릹(헾뢮)퓲쫇쏅쳡릩릫릲컯욷뗄ퟩ횯ꆣ평폚릫릲컯욷늻쓜춨맽쫐뎡틔떥캻볛룱뮻좡믵뇒(쫐뎡쪧쇩),틲듋,튲늻쓜틔샻죳쒿뇪뫍ꆰ뺭볃볆쯣ꆱ살맜샭헾뢮ꆣ평폚릫릲컯욷뗄짺닺뻟폐룟만뚨돉놾뗄쳘헷,틲듋,웤짺닺뇘탫틔쾵춳뮯뗄샍뚯럖릤캪잰쳡ꆣ캪쇋ퟩ횯쾵춳뮯뗄샍뚯럖릤,헾뢮ퟩ횯돊쿖튻훖뷰ퟖ쯾쪽뗄닣벶뷡릹ꆣ퓚캤늮뾴살,내닣벶풭퓲ퟩ횯샍뚯럖릤쫇쳡룟탐헾킧싊뗄탨튪,쯼뿉붫뢴퓓뗄뻶닟뷸탐럖뷢,뮯캪쾸뮯뗄뻶닟,쪹뢴퓓뗄탐헾맜샭컊쳢놻쾸럖캪뿉뒦샭뗄ꆢ뿉훘뢴뗄죎컱,쪹쎿튻쿮죎컱맩쫴폚쒳튻쳘뚨뗄릫횰,늢캪쯹폐맍풱쳡돶평웤횰퓰쯹뻶뚨뗄릤ퟷ쒿뇪뫍췪돉쒿뇪뗄쫖뛎,춨맽ퟩ횯쓚뗄탅쾢믺훆룸쎿룶맍풱쳡릩폐킧췪돉횰퓰쯹탨튪뗄탅쾢,좻뫳평튻룶벯훐뗄ꆢ뗈벶훆뗄뿘훆훐탄뷸탐킭뗷,훘탂헻뫏캪튻룶퓋ퟷ컈뚨뗄폐믺맽돌ꆣ캤늮뛔틔헢훖랽쪽ퟩ붨뗄맙쇅훆룸폨뫜룟뗄움볛,쯻킴뗀ꆰ:뺭퇩췹췹뇭쏷,듓뒿벼쫵뗄맛뗣살쮵,탐헾ퟩ횯뗄뒿듢맙쇅훆탎첬쓜릻듯떽ퟮ룟돌뛈뗄킧싊ꆣ쿠뇈폚죎뫎웤쯻탎쪽뗄ퟩ횯,쯼뻟폐뺫좷탔ꆢ컈뚨탔ꆢ뿉뾿탔뫍볍싉퇏쏷뗄폅쫆ꆣꆱꆰ돤럖랢햹뗄맙쇅훆폫웤쯻ퟩ횯쿠뇈,헽죧믺웷짺닺폫럇믺킵짺닺랽쪽튻퇹ꆣꆱ\[3\]()퓚컷쏉뾴살,캤늮뗄탐헾킧싊컊쳢웤쪵쫇탐헾뻶닟뗄샭탔뮯컊쳢ꆣ틲캪떥룶죋뗄샭탔쫇폐쿞뗄,쯼컞램싺ퟣ릫릲컯욷짺닺뛔샭탔뗄튪쟳,떫춨맽튻룶닣벶뮯뗄ퟩ횯뛔룶죋샭탔뷸탐ퟩ뫏,뻶닟훐뗄샭탔쿞훆뻍놻춻웆쇋ꆣ떫캤늮뛔맙쇅훆쯹뷧뚨뗄ퟩ횯풭퓲,좴쏦쇙살ퟔ뺭볃톧뗄쳴햽ꆣ틲캪룹뻝캤늮뗄훷헅,맙쇅훆훐뗄닣벶뷡릹훷튪쫇튻훖뻶닟좨뗄낲업,짏쿂벶횮볤쫇튻훖퇏룱뗄쏼쇮폫럾듓뗄맘쾵ꆣ헢훖뷡릹쟣쿲폚잿뗷탅쾢ퟔ짏뛸쿂뗄뒫뗝,짭뒦뗈벶뷡릹ퟮ룟뗄죋,뺡맜쓜릻붨솢쳘뚨뗄훆뛈낲업뿘훆쓇킩풽돶헽뎣뗄헾닟횴탐뷡릹뗄뻙뚯,떫쯻쏇늢늻헦헽쇋뷢헾닟횴탐뗄쟩뿶ꆣퟮ쇋뷢헾닟횴탐쟩뿶뗄죋쫇쓇킩횴탐헾닟뗄죋,떫쯻쏇좴쎻폐뻶닟좨,쯻쏇횻쓜춨맽ퟩ횯쓚ퟔ쿂뛸짏뗄탅쾢춨뗀튻벶튻벶뗘뒫쫤ꆣ좻뛸,맙쇅훆틔뷰ퟖ쯾뗄탎쪽릹붨,풽쫇떽룟닣풽쫇쿁햭,뺡맜헢뛔폚럖뷢죎컱뫍뒦샭ퟔ짏뛸쿂뗄횸쇮살쮵튲탭쫇튻훖폐킧싊뗄뷡릹,떫쫇퓚뒦샭ퟔ쿂뛸짏뗄탅쾢뒫쫤쪱,좴폐뿉쓜퓬돉듳솿뗄뎬퓘믲ퟨ죻컊쳢ꆣ틲듋,맙쇅훆볈돐쫜탅쾢뛌좱횮뿠,튲퓢쫜탅쾢랺샄횮몦\[4\(])ꆣ헢훖뻶닟좨폫탅쾢뷡릹뗄놳샫떼훂맙쇅훆쓚늿솽훖좨췾뗄뛔훅\[5\]ꆣ뗚튻훖쫇맙쇅훆뗄좨췾,쯼살풴폚횰캻뗄좨솦ꆣ맙쇅훆ퟩ횯쫇쳦듺룶죋톡퓱뗄뻶닟좨낲업ꆣ쯼틀삵뗈벶훆,튪쟳퓚쫊떱탐뚯뗄톡퓱랽쏦쿂벶럾듓짏벶뗄쏼쇮,죧맻늻럾듓뻍믡쫜떽돍랣ꆣ맙쇅훆ퟩ횯쓜릻복짙폫룶죋톡퓱퓋폃폐맘뗄쒳킩돉놾ꆣ릫릲맙풱샻폃헾뢮좨솦쓜릻뷸탐뫋탄횸떼뫍뿘훆,쓜릻뚯풱폐킧뗄돍랣살ퟨ횹뻜늻뫏ퟷ뗄닟싔,늢횴탐맜샭맦뮮살뾪랢릲춬닆닺풴믲헟짺닺릫틦컯욷\[6\](ꆫ68)ꆣ틲듋,샭닩뗂ꆤ낮뗂뮪죏캪ꆰ:뿆닣훆뿘훆죃좨솦춨맽ퟩ횯놾짭뛸쪹좨솦훆뛈뮯ꆣ뗈벶훆맘쾵퓲냑늻욽뗈뗄죋볊좨솦맘쾵뇤캪룚캻맘쾵,냑쳘뚨뗄죋볊맘쾵돩쿳캪뻟쳥뗄릤ퟷ맘쾵ꆣꆱ\[7\(])뗚뛾훖쫇살ퟔ폚쏅횪쪶뗄좨췾,쯼쫴폚룶죋뗄좨췾,뛸늻쫇쯻쯹햼뻝뗄횰캻ꆣ쿂쫴펵폐ퟔ벺뗄좨솦,헢킩좨솦뗄믹뒡쫇쯻쏇뗄튵횪쪶,쯼듦퓚폚럇헽쪽뗄짧믡췸싧샯,틀삵폚뛔쒳킩탅쾢뗄뿘훆ꆣ듳뛠쫽탐헾맜샭죋풱닎폫뛔쓇킩펵폐훮죧닆헾ꆢ벼쫵믲웤쯻뎤뗄죋쏇뗄볠맜,떫쯻쏇ퟔ벺늢늻뻟놸헢킩뎤ꆣ뛔폚헢킩쿂벶살쮵,ퟮ폐킧싊뗄ퟩ횯탎쪽늻쫇맙쇅닣벶훆,뛸쫇뫡쿲뗄췸싧뷡릹ꆣ퓚럾듓짏벶횸쇮믲ퟩ횯맦퓲폫럾듓ퟔ벺뗄튵튪쟳믲풭퓲횮볤,쯻쏇ퟳ폒캪쓑,틲캪튻룶짦벰떽췢퓚잿볓뗄볍싉,쇭튻룶쫇튵뮯놾짭뗄쓚퓚탔훊ꆣ죧맻쮵짏벶횰캻뗄좨솦쫇튻훖뒴훆좨,쿂벶뗄좨솦퓲뿉틔폃살탞룄ꆢ퇓뮺믲ퟨ낭헢킩뒴훆좨\[4\(])ꆣ캪쇋캬뮤횰캻뗄좨솦,쿷죵쿂벶살ퟔ쏅횪쪶뗄좨솦믹뒡,탐헾짏벶퓲쟣쿲폚잿뗷ퟩ횯풭퓲뫍슢뛏탅쾢뗈랽램,쪹췢죋늻쇋뷢뻶닟뗄믹뒡ꆣꆰ뿆닣훆춨맽놣쫘쳘폐탅쾢살풴뗄쏘쏜탔살쳡룟볠뚽탔ꆭꆭꆮ릫컱쏘쏜ꆯ룅쓮쫇뿆닣훆뗄쳘폐뒴퓬,쎻폐뇈뿆닣훆룼죈훔폚듋뗄쇋ꆣꆱ\[7\(])맙쇅훆뗄컈' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
2006쓪뗚4웚ꆤ23ꆤ뚨탔쫂쪵짏폫쯼쯹틀듦뗄탅쾢뗄맣랺탔뫍삩즢탔쫇늻쿠죝뗄ꆣꆰ틲듋,슢뛏탅쾢뻍뇤돉룹짮뗙만뗄맙쇅훆뛈뗄볛횵ꆣ죧맻쮵쫐뎡훆뛈랴뛔쓚늿붻틗뫍샻폃탅쾢뗄늻뛔돆탔,쓇쎴쿠뇈횮쿂,맙쇅훆뛈퓲얬솦럀횹폐볛횵붻틗탅쾢뗄ꆮ킹슶ꆯ;쫐뎡믺훆튪쟳탅쾢럖쿭;맙쇅훆퓲튪쟳탅쾢뛚믽ꆣꆱ\[8\(])퓚탅쾢룯쏼틔잰,횰캻뗄좨췾뮹쓜욾뷨틔짏ퟶ램뗃틔캬돖,떫탅쾢룯쏼ퟮ훕듲웆쇋헢훖뻹뫢ꆣ탅쾢벼쫵뗄랢햹뫍펦폃뛔맜샭뗄펰쿬쫇룯쏼탔뗄,튻랽쏦,쯼쪹탅쾢뗄쫕벯ꆢ뒦샭뫍뒫능룼캪뇣샻,쯵뛌쇋헾뢮ꆢퟩ횯벰릫쏱룶죋횮볤뗄쿠뛔뻠샫,쏜쟐쇋맜샭훷쳥뫍뿍쳥횮볤뗄릵춨ꆢ랴삡,듓뛸볓잿쇋뇋듋횮볤뗄믘펦탔뫍틀삵탔ꆣ떫쇭튻랽쏦,탅쾢벼쫵튲퓶잿쇋릫쏱퓚탅쾢뫍횪쪶랽쏦뗄햼폐솿,듓뛸쿷죵쇋횰캻좨솦뗄믹뒡,뛔뒹횱탍뗄떥쿲뛈뗄좨솦퓋ퟷ랽쪽쳡돶쇋쳴햽,릫쏱튪쟳룼뛠뗘닎폫맜샭ꆣ헢쫇떼훂맙쇅훆캣믺뫍헾뢮훎샭쒣쪽뇤룯뗄탅쾢믹뒡ꆣ맙쇅훆뗄캣믺뮹풴폚쯼뗄릤뻟샭탔뗄욷룱폫뺭볃톧쯹볙뚨뗄죋뗄욷룱쿠뛔솢,헢훖뛔솢쫇맙쇅훆훐벤샸삧뺳뗄룹풴ꆣ내헕캤늮뗄짨쿫,뒫춳맙쇅훆쫇붨솢퓚탐헾뫍헾훎쿠럖샫뗄믹뒡짏뗄,튲뻍쫇쮵,쯼쫇볛횵훐탔뗄ꆣ헾훎좡쿲퓚맙쇅훆횮췢뻶뚨,뛸맙쇅훆뗄쪹쏼뻍쫇룟킧싊뗘횴탐헾훎틢춼ꆣꆰ퓚헢훖볙뚨쿂,횰튵맙쇅횻늻맽쫇캪웤맦뚨ퟅ췪좫만뚨탐뚯슷뺶뗄늻뛏퓋뗄믺훆짏뗄튻룶킡킡뗄돝싖뛸틑ꆣꆱ\[9\(])떫쫇,룹뻝뺭볃톧뗄볙뚨,룶죋(냼삨횰튵맙쇅)쫇튻룶ힷ쟳ퟔ짭샻틦ퟮ듳뮯뗄탐캪훷쳥ꆣ틲듋,쯻늻뷶뷶쫇릤뻟,뮹쫇ퟔ벺탐캪뗄쒿뗄ꆣ맙쇅룶죋뗄헢훖욷룱믡쪹맙쇅훆뗄릤뻟샭탔듳듲헛뿛,늢쪹듳늿럖틀삵헢훖릤뻟샭탔뗄쒿뇪실뿕ꆣ평폚맙쇅훆뗄퓋ퟷ틀삵ퟩ횯폫맍풱횮볤뗄뎤웚맍펶뫏춬,뛸맙쇅믺릹폖뿉틔춨맽맺볒풤쯣컼좡닆헾풴,틲듋쯼쏢돽쇋쯹폐웤쯻ퟩ횯쯹돐쫜뗄쫐뎡톹솦ꆣ평폚좱랦뺺헹,맙쇅훆퓚돉놾짏쫇컞킧싊뗄,튲뻍쫇쮵쯼뗄떥캻돉놾ퟜ쫇뇈뇘탨뗄떥캻돉놾룟ꆣ헢훖컞킧싊놻삳뇶쮹첹(Leibentein)뚨틥캪X-컞킧싊(X-inefficiency)\[10\]ꆣ퓚쓡쮹뾲쓏(Niskannen)뗄쒣탍훐,탐캪훷쳥(actors)놻볙뚨캪ힷ쟳ퟔ짭샻틦뗄ퟮ듳뮯,릫릲컯욷뗄쳡릩헟뿉틔춨맽쳡룟떥캻돉놾,복짙릩펦솿,틔헢훖볲떥뛸횱뷓뗄랽쪽ힷ쟳ퟔ벺뗄샻틦ꆣ룹뻝삳뇶쮹첹뗄뾴램,맙쇅훆뗄뗍킧싊훷튪풴폚뺺헹톹솦뗄좱랦,늢쟒쓑틔좷뚨쯼뗄탔훊,틲듋쯻붫헢훖컞킧싊뷧뚨캪X-컞킧싊,뛸늻쫇엤훃뗍킧싊ꆣ헢훖컞킧싊뮹뿉틔뇭쿖캪뛔풴햼폐맦쒣뗄ힷ쟳ꆣ쓡쮹뾲쓏죏캪,맙쇅믺릹믡뇈짺닺쿠춬럾컱뗄쮽죋웳튵룼뛠뗘퓋폃놾쏜벯탍뗄짺닺벼쫵ꆣ횮쯹틔죧듋,훷튪쫇틲캪맙쇅뗄놨돪쫇뢶룸쯻퓚쓇튻횰캻짏뗄죎웚뗄;헢튲떼훂쯻욫뫃폚쒿잰뗄뾪쿺뛸늻쫇붫살뗄뾪쿺,욫뫃폚뻟폐뷏룟놾돉놾뫍뷏뗍닙ퟷ돉놾뗄짺닺돌탲ꆣ헾뢮릫릲믮뚯쯹뚯폃뗄쎿룶맍풱뗄죋뻹놾,벸뫵뇈쮽펪웳튵뛠2놶,늢뎬돶쮽펪럾컱늿쏅죋뻹놾듯5놶틔짏\[11\(]ꆫ258)ꆣ벤샸컊쳢떼훂컞킧싊뮹폫맙쇅쏇퓚쳘뚨룚캻짏탎돉뗄쏅벼쓜폐맘ꆣ닣벶뮯뗄럖릤쳥쾵쪹맙쇅폐믺믡퓚쳘뚨룚캻짏믽샛웰쏅뺭퇩뫍폃탔벼쓜,헢뛔쳡룟맙쇅훆뗄탐헾킧싊컞틉뻟폐믽벫ퟷ폃ꆣ떫쫇,평폚헢훖뺭퇩뫍쏅벼쓜횻쫊폃폚만뚨뗄릤ퟷ뫍컈뚨뗄뮷뺳,틲듋헢훖킧싊튲횻폐퓚죎컱쿠뛔볲떥ꆢ뮷뺳쟷폚컈뚨뗄쳵볾쿂닅폐틢틥\[9\]()ꆣ퓚뮷뺳뚯떴늻뻓뗄쳵볾쿂,헢훖뺭퇩뫍폃탔벼쫵랴뛸믡쪹맙쇅쏇돉캪튻훖뗖훆뇤뮯뗄놣쫘솦솿ꆣꆰ닣벶훆춨맽힢폚벼쫵폃탔뫍탐캪풤웚탔,뛸쪵쿖벨킧뫍킧싊ꆣ떫쫇,춬퇹믹폚벼쫵폃탔뫍뿉풤웚탔튲쪹뗃닣벶훆돉캪폐쓜솦뾹뻜닺짺뇤잨뗄췢살톹솦뗄ퟮ잿폐솦뗄ퟩ횯ꆣꆱ\[7\]()쳆쮹(Downs)뷢쫍뗀ꆰ뷱쳬볌탸ퟶ쯻쏇ퟲ쳬쯹ퟶ뗄쫂쟩ꆱ,헢쫇평폚쿠떱듳뗄ꆰ돁쎻돉놾ꆱ(sunkcosts)쯹떼훂뗄ꆣ뛸ꆰ돁쎻돉놾ꆱ냼삨맽좥퓚죋쫂랽쏦뗄춶,뇪ힼ뮯퓋ퟷ돌탲,폫뿍뮧ꆢ헾훎볒뫍짧믡웤쯻늿럖쿠솪쾵뗄ힴ첬뗈쓚죝\[12\](ꆫ168)ꆣ헢훖뺭퇩뫍벼쓜쪹맙쇅훆뻟폐뫜듳뗄맟탔,쪹헢킩뷡릹뗖훆뒴탂,짵훁뗖훆튻킩뿉틔쳡룟릤ퟷ킧싊뗄뒴탂ꆣ퓚ퟩ횯돵붨횮쪱,쯼뗄뷡릹뿉쓜랴펳쇋떱쪱벼쫵뫍탐헾쫖뛎뗄ퟮ탂쮮욽ꆣ떫튻떩붨솢횮뫳,웤뷡릹뻍뻟폐튻훖쟣쿲ꆪꆪꆪ튪냑ퟔ벺풭럢늻뚯뗘놣돖튻뛎쪱볤,쯼뫜짙쫜떽ퟮ탂벼쫵뗄펰쿬,뛸쟒뎣뎣늻힢틢쓇킩뿉틔룄뷸웤퓋ퟷ뗄탂랽램\[7\(])ꆣ' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆤ24ꆤ2006쓪뗚4웚맙쇅훆뮹폐튻훖쯜퓬죋룱뗄릦쓜ꆣ릲춬뗄볛횵좡쿲붫맙쇅쏇뛍퓬캪튻룶쳘쫢뗄짧믡췅쳥,쯻쏇뗄릤ퟷ폐볈뚨뗄돌탲,쯻쏇뗄탐캪폐놣헏웤폐킧탔뗄뇪ힼ,뻃뛸뻃횮,헢킩돌탲뫍뇪ힼ돉캪맙쇅훆ퟩ횯뗄릲춬탅쳵뫍뺫짱ꆣ헢킩탅쳵뫍뺫짱튻떩놻쏀뮯,뻍뿉틔뚯풱웤돉풱,벤샸쯻쏇붫쪱볤뫍뺫솦춶죫릤ퟷꆣ떫쫇,튻룶쓑틔뇜쏢뗄럧쿕쫇,헢킩탅쳵뿉쓜뮽웰ퟩ횯돉풱뗄믃쿫솦,듓뛸럁낭쯻쏇뛔쿖쪵뗄맛달,쪹쯻쏇췑샫쪵볊,ퟮ훕럁낭ퟩ횯쒿뇪뗄쪵쿖ꆣ쯻쏇믡뛔튻킩쿔뛸틗볻뗄컊쳢뫍좱쿝쫓뛸늻볻,듓뛸탎돉튻훖ꆰ뛠풪탔쒮쫓ꆱ(Pluralisticignorance)\[7\(])ꆣ맙쇅훆튻떩붨솢뻍돉캪튻훖늻뿉득믙뗄뷡릹ꆣꆰ튻떩췪좫붨솢쇋,맙쇅훆뻍쫇짧믡뷡릹훐ퟮ쓑놻득믙뗄늿럖ꆭꆭ쿻쏰헢킩ퟩ횯뗄쿫램뻍믡풽살풽돉캪튻훖컚췐냮ꆣꆱ\[7\(])헢쪱,캣믺붫믡췾킲헻룶짧믡,벴듳훚뗄샻틦뫍볛횵에뛏퓚맙쇅훆뗄탎쪽샭탔훐쎻쇋,쒿뗄쿻쪧뫳,릤뻟뇣돉캪쒿뗄ꆣ뛾ꆢ맙쇅뮯뗄쿻뷢폫헾뢮훎샭쒣쪽뗄뇤룯20쫀볍70쓪듺틔살,컷랽룷맺뛔맙쇅훆캣믺럗럗ퟷ돶랴펦,듓뛸쿆웰쇋튻뎡쯹캽뗄ꆰ탂릫릲맜샭ꆱ(NewPublicManagement)퓋뚯,택쮹()뷢쫍뗀ꆰ,랢듯맺볒뗄릫릲늿쏅뗄맜샭틑랢짺뇤,퓸뺭퓚놾쫀볍뗄듳늿럖쪱볤훐뻓폚횧엤뗘캻뗄뒫춳릫릲탐헾맜샭뗄쓇훖뿌냥(붩뮯)ꆢ닣벶맙쇅쳥훆탎쪽훰늽뇤캪튻훖쇩믮뗄ꆢ틔쫐뎡캪믹뒡뗄(탂)릫릲맜샭탎쪽ꆣ뫳헟늢늻쫇튻훖룄룯쫂컱믲맜샭랽쪽뗄캢킡뇤뮯,뛸쫇헾뢮ퟷ폃틔벰헾뢮폫릫쏱짧믡맘쾵뗄튻훖짮뿌뗄뇤뮯ꆣ뒫춳뗄릫릲탐헾퓚샭싛폫쪵볹짏뚼틑쫜떽뮳틉ꆣ탂릫릲맜샭뗄닉쓉틢캶ퟅ릫릲늿쏅맜샭쇬폲훐탂랶쪽뗄돶쿖ꆣꆱ\[13\(])볈좻헢뎡캣믺풴폚탅쾢뫍벤샸삧뺳,쓇쎴펦뛔캣믺튲훷튪틀삵탅쾢믺훆뫍벤샸믺훆뗄룄뷸,틔뮺뷢맙쇅훆훐뻶닟좨낲업폫탅쾢뷡릹뗄놳샫,뗷뫍맙쇅훆릤뻟샭탔뗄욷룱폫맙쇅룶죋욷룱횮볤뗄돥춻ꆣ늻쓑랢쿖,퓚헢킩맺볒헾뢮훎샭쒣쪽뗄뇤룯훐,튻쾵쇐탂뗄벼쫵쫖뛎뫍훆뛈튪쯘놻틽죫맙쇅훆횮훐ꆣ(튻)틽죫탅쾢맜샭벼쫵,붨솢뗧ퟓ뮯ꆢ췸싧뮯헾뢮뗧ퟓ헾뢮뗄붨솢,쪹뒫춳뗄맙쇅훆쿲췸싧뮯랽쿲랢햹,듙쪹탅쾢뒫능듲웆뗘폲ꆢ닣벶뫍늿쏅뗄쿞훆,뿋럾룷훖컯쇷뫍ퟩ횯ퟨ낭,뛅뻸뒫춳ퟩ횯탎첬뫍컯훊릹돉훐잿뗷럖릤쯹퓬돉뗄늿쏅럖룮뫍맙쇅훷틥,춬쪱튲듙쪹헾뢮뷸탐횰쓜뫍믺릹헻뫏,쪹헾뢮뗄퓋ퟷ돌탲룼볓볲쏷ꆢ뎩춨,쳡룟냬쫂킧싊ꆣ튻룶헾뢮탅쾢뮯쮮욽뫍탅쾢뒦샭쓜솦뗄룟뗍쫇뫢솿헾뢮ퟛ뫏쪵솦,쳘뇰쫇릤ퟷ킧싊뗄훘튪돟뛈ꆣ쫐뎡탅쾢쮲쾢췲뇤,뻓쏱탨쟳뫍짧믡짺믮뎯뛠풪뮯랽쿲랢햹,헢퓚뿍맛짏튪쟳헾뢮쓜벰쪱ꆢힼ좷뗘ퟷ돶믘펦ꆣ헾뢮랴펦쓜솦훷튪쳥쿖퓚뛔살ퟔ믹닣ꆢ쏱훚뗄탅쾢랴삡쯙뛈뗄뿬싽ꆣ췸싧벼쫵뗄퓋폃듳듳쳡룟쇋탅쾢뗄놣헦싊,듓뛸룄뇤쇋헾뢮쿖탐탅쾢뒫뗝쒣쪽폫ퟩ횯뷡릹:짧쟸믲쫐쏱뷨훺췸싧뛠훖쟾뗀붫탅쾢횱뷓뒫훁뻶닟닣,쪹탅쾢뒫뗝쟾뗀뛠풪뮯,훐볤닣벶릦쓜쿻췋ꆣ훐볤닣ퟩ횯탅쾢뒫뗝릦쓜놻췸싧쳦듺,헢뻍쿻돽쇋탅쾢폫뻶닟닣횮볤뗄죋캪ퟨ훍,쪹탅쾢뒫뗝ힼ좷ꆢ벰쪱,뇜쏢쇋탅쾢뒫뗝쪧헦ꆣ평폚뮥솪췸듲웆쇋탅쾢슢뛏,죋폫죋붻췹뇤뗃ퟔ평ꆢ욽뗈,헢뻍튪쟳헾뢮냚췑뒫춳맙쇅훆훐쪢탐뗄좨솦놾캻맛쓮ꆣ떫쫇,탅쾢벼쫵뗄틽죫,늢쎻폐룹놾뷢뻶맙쇅훆훐뻶닟좨낲업폫탅쾢뷡릹쿠놳샫뗄쫂쪵ꆣ탅쾢뮯튪쟳ꆰ탅쾢뒦샭뗄럖즢뮯폫뻶닟뗄럖좨뮯ꆱ\[14\]()ꆣ붫튻룶맺볒뗄뺭볃탅쾢벯훐폚쇬떼닣,죃뻶닟퓚헻룶뺭볃쳥쾵훐춬쪱횴탐,헢횻폐퓚펦뒦샭뗄탅쾢솿ꆢ뻶닟솿폫뿉샻폃뗄풴쿠쫊펦쪱,닅쫇폐킧뗄ꆣ떱뿉샻폃뗄풴폐쿞쪱,벯좨랽쪽쏦쇙탅쾢뒦샭쓜솦뫍ퟩ횯킭뗷쓜솦뗄훆풼ꆣ탅쾢벼쫵뗄랢햹,튻랽쏦춨맽볆쯣믺뗄뿬쯙킡탍뮯뫍탅쾢뒦샭돉놾뗄벱쯙쿂붵,쪹탅쾢럖즢뒦샭퓚벼쫵짏돉캪뿉쓜;쇭튻랽쏦닺짺쇋탅쾢솿뗄퓶듳뫍탅쾢ퟔ짭뗄뛠퇹뮯ꆣ뷡맻,벯좨뷢뻶랽램탨튪뒦샭컞싛탅쾢벼쫵죧뫎랢햹뚼뒦샭늻맽살뗄탅쾢ꆣ헢퇹,럖즢뒦샭폫뻶닟럖좨뮯퓚뺭볃믮뚯믺훆훐뻍돉캪훷쇷ꆣ틲듋,펦뛔맙쇅훆뗄캣믺,돽쇋틽죫탅쾢맜샭벼쫵틔췢,뮹뇘탫틽죫웤쯻훆뛈탔튪쯘ꆣ' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
2006쓪뗚4웚ꆤ25ꆤ(뛾)틽죫쳽횤뗈돌탲,뗷뫍릤뻟샭탔뫍볛횵샭탔횮볤뗄돥춻맙쇅훆럢뇕뫍놣쫘뗄탔룱뿉쓜떼훂쯼쯹쳡릩뗄럾컱폫헾훎틢춼쿠췑뷚,듓뛸떼훂릤뻟샭탔폫볛횵샭탔뗄돥춻ꆣ쳽횤돌탲뫍춨룦-움싛돌탲뗄틽죫,퓲폐훺폚뮺뷢헢훖돥춻ꆣ퓚쳽횤돌탲뗄퓋폃훐,맘폚릫맘쫂컱뗄뻶닟,뇘탫틔쳽횤볇슼ퟷ캪캨튻뗄뻶닟믹뒡ꆣ틲듋,쳽횤돌탲뗄퓋폃,쳥쿖쇋듳훚닎폫뗄뺫짱,뇭듯쇋뛔볛횵톡퓱뗄훘쫓ꆣ룃돌탲쳡릩쇋돤럖뗄맘폚맽좥뫍떱잰샻틦럖늼뗄쫂쪵횪쪶,떫캴뇘쓜릻듙뷸뻶닟뗄뿆톧뮯(샭탔뮯),틲캪쯼뫶쫓쇋탐헾맙쇅(탐헾볒)쏅횪쪶뗄퓋폃ꆣ춨룦-움싛돌탲쫇쏀맺탐헾맦헂훆뚨맽돌훐ퟮ뎣폃뗄돌탲ꆣ쯼튪쟳:(1)춨룦,탐헾믺맘뇘탫쿲릫훚춨놨뫍릫늼벴붫훆뚨뗄맦헂뗄닝낸,튻냣퓚ꆶ솪냮뗇볇ꆷ짏릫늼;(2)움싛,춨룦횮뫳,믺맘펦쳡릩샻틦쿠맘헟닎폫맦퓲훆뚨맽돌뗄믺믡ꆣ뿉틔뿚춷뇭듯틢볻,튲뿉틔뗝붻쫩쏦틢볻뫍쇏ꆣ탐헾믺맘퓚훆뚨맦헂쪱펦떱뾼싇헢킩움싛,떫늢늻쫜릫훚움싛쿞훆,틀좻뿉틔룹뻝뺭퇩뫍횪쪶살훆뚨맦퓲;(3)릫늼ퟮ훕램맦;(4)쮾램짳닩,튻냣뛔뺭ꆰ럇헽쪽쳽횤ꆱ돌탲훆뚨뗄맦퓲,램풺퓚쮾램짳닩훐쫊폃ꆰ틢ꆢ랴뢴컞뎣ꆢ샄폃닃솿ꆱ뗄뇪ힼꆣ쯤좻탐헾돌탲뛔맙쇅뻶닟뗄뿕볤쪩볓쇋튻킩쿞훆,떫쯼쏷쿔뇭쿖돶뛔맙쇅샭탔뗄훘쫓ꆣ탐헾믺릹뿉틔늻쫜릫훚움싛뗄쿞훆,쪹뗃볒뿉틔좫쏦뾼싇쫂쪵쟩뿶,냼삨퓚헽쪽돌탲훐뿉쓜컞램뗃떽뇭듯뗄죵쫆좺쳥뗄샻틦,헢폐훺폚탐헾믺릹ퟶ돶ퟮ폅뮯톡퓱ꆣ떫쫇,평폚쿞훆릫훚닎폫돌뛈,늢룸폨탐헾맙쇅룼듳뗄뿕볤,듓뛸퓶듳쇋맙쇅샄폃좨솦뗄럧쿕ꆣ틲듋,퓋폃돌탲살뗷뫍릤뻟샭탔뫍볛횵샭탔뗄돥춻뮹탨튪튻룶싾뎤뗄룄뷸맽돌ꆣ(죽)틽죫쫐뎡믺훆,룄짆릫릲컯욷릩룸뗄벤샸웳튵쫇쫐뎡쇬폲샯퓋ퟷ뗄닣벶훆,쯼럾듓폚쫐뎡뗄벤샸뫍훆닃,떫맙쇅훆늢늻럾듓폚헢킩훆닃,틲캪쯼늢늻쫇춨맽쫐뎡믱좡뷰ꆣ쯼쏇늻믡웆닺,틲듋늻듦퓚쪹맙쇅훆뗄룟닣놣횤퇏룱볠뚽뗄죎뫎톹솦ꆣ폫웤뮨럑뫜듳뗄얬솦좥룄뷸맙쇅믺릹뗄퓋ퟷ킧싊,뮹늻죧룼뛠뗘틀뾿쫐뎡믺훆살쳡릩릫릲럾컱ꆣ튻킩뒫춳짏평헾뢮쳡릩뗄뒿듢릫릲럾컱ꆪꆪꆪ램풺뫍뺯달쾵춳ꆢ뻼쫂솦솿ꆢ뛔췢붻췹ꆢ뛔뒫좾늡뗄뿘훆ꆢ튻킩뿆퇐뫍탅쾢럾컱뗈뗈,쯼쏇쫇캪쎿룶죋쳡릩춬퇹뗄닺돶,늢쟒늻뿉쓜(폐킧뗘)업돽늻뢶럑뛸쿭폃헢킩럾컱뗄쿖쿳ꆣ죧맻쎻폐헾뢮훺,헢킩럾컱뿉쓜룹놾컞램쳡릩ꆣ틲듋,듳늿럖헢킩럾컱쒿잰뮹쫇평맙쇅믺릹쳡릩뗄ꆣ떫쫇,뛔맙쇅믺릹릩룸쒳킩릫릲럾컱뗄죕틦늻싺,볓짏쮽죋믺릹퓚헢킩릫릲럾컱릩룸짏쯹햹쿖뗄돉릦,듙쪹탭뛠맺볒뎢쫔평펪샻탔쮽죋믺릹뫍럇펪샻탔ퟩ횯쳡릩릫릲럾컱ꆣ탭뛠평헾뢮훺뗄럾컱,튲뿉틔평쮽죋늿쏅폨틔쫐뎡뮯,믲헟듦퓚쫐뎡뮯뗄뿉쓜탔ꆣ헢킩럾컱뗄쳘헷쫇:룸쯼뗄쿻럑헟듸살횱뷓뗄쮽죋쫕틦,늢쟒룸룼뛠뗄쿻럑헢킩럾컱뗄릫훚듸살풤웚쫕틦;퓚벼쫵짏,튲쓜릻ퟶ떽업돢쓇킩늻뢶럑뗄쿻럑헟ꆣ헢킩럾컱춨뎣퓚쎻폐헾뢮훺뗄쟩뿶쿂튲쓜평쮽죋늿쏅살쳡릩ꆣ벴쪹쫇쓇킩뒿듢뗄릫릲럾컱,웤짺닺뗄쒳킩늿럖,튲뿉틔평펪샻탔웳튵내헕폫헢킩맙쇅믺릹뗄뫏춬살쳡릩ꆣ틔쏀맺캪샽,듳뛠쫽맙쇅믺릹뗄냬릫슥쫇평쮽죋웳튵탞붨뗄,듳뛠쫽뗄뻼뛓커웷ힰ놸뫍릩룸쫇평쮽죋웳튵퇐훆뫍짺닺뗄;헾뢮믺맘냬릫슥뗄쪳욷럾컱,튲쫇평쮽죋웳튵릩룸뗄ꆣ쮽죋웳튵뮹뿉틔뺺뇪좥릩룸폊헾럾컱ꆢ쿻럀럾컱ꆢ뿕훐붻춨맜훆훕뛋쾵춳벰뗘랽짧쟸뗄훎낲럾컱,짵훁튻킩뻼쫂솦솿튲뿉틔뾼싇평쮽죋웳튵쳡릩퓋탐,뇈죧늿럖뗄쏱뇸늿뛓ꆣ헢킩뻼쫂솦솿뗄퓋탐,훷튪냼삨튻킩쏅뗄벼쫵횰쓜,쪵볊짏늢늻탨튪햽쫵벼쟉ꆣ춨맽쮽죋웳튵릩룸릫릲컯욷,풭살뗄횱뷓맜샭뇣놻뫏춬풼쫸쯹좡듺ꆣ퓚뫏춬훐,튪쏷좷맦뚨풴릩룸뫍릫릲컯욷뗄훊솿뇪ힼꆣ평펪샻탔믲럇펪샻탔쮽죋웳튵쳡릩릫릲럾컱뻟폐훘튪틢틥,쯼쿷죵쇋맙쇅믺릹릩룸릫릲럾컱뗄슢뛏좨솦,튲폐훺폚릫쏱퓚쫐뎡훐룼ퟔ평뗘톡퓱쯹탨튪뗄릫릲럾컱ꆣ헢훖ퟔ훷탔붫좡듺맽좥쓇훖잿훆릫쏱뷓쫜평솢램믺맘뫍맙쇅쳥훆쯹쿞뚨뗄헻쳗럾컱뗄쳥훆ꆣ평폚퓚릩룸랽쪽뫍맜샭랽쏦뛀' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆤ26ꆤ2006쓪뗚4웚솢폚맙쇅믺릹뫍짳닩캯풱믡,틲듋쯼쓜릻쿔훸뗘붵뗍맙쇅볛룱뫍복짙짳닩캯풱믡뗄슢뛏좨솦ꆣ헢킩웳튵퓚돐쫜쫐뎡톹솦뗄춬쪱,쫐뎡튲퓚캪쯼쏇쳡릩뗄컯욷랢쿖볛룱,늢룸폨웤뫏샭뗄믘놨ꆣ죽ꆢ맙쇅훆뗄뇤룯폫헾뢮훎샭:훐맺쫓뷇듓웴뚯룄룯뗄쪱볤살뾴,훐맺맙쇅훆룄룯폫쫀뷧랶캧쓚ꆰ탂릫릲맜샭ꆱ퓋뚯늻쒱뛸뫏,떫훐맺뗄뇤룯폐ퟅퟔ벺뗄싟벭뷸돌ꆣ볆뮮뺭볃쳥훆돉캪헢튻뇤룯뗄샺쪷웰뗣,뛸뛔폚맙쇅훆뷡릹뗄뗷헻퓲룼쳥쿖쇋쏱ퟥ뗄쮼캬랽쪽ꆣ퓚쿖듺뺭볃훐,쫐뎡뗄붡뾵퓋탐뇘탫틔솽훖닣벶훆뗄뮥늹킭뗷캪쳵볾:웤튻쫇쫐뎡쓚늿뗄닣벶훆(웳튵);웤뛾쫇쫐뎡횮췢뗄닣벶훆(맙쇅훆)ꆣ쎿튻훖닣벶훆뗄뇘튪탔뚼뿉틔듓쫐뎡놾짭듦퓚뗄잰쳡훐뗃떽횤쏷\[4\(])ꆣ떫퓚볆뮮뺭볃쳥훆쪱웚,쫐뎡쓚늿뗄닣벶훆(웳튵)쫂쪵짏놻좡뗞,헻룶짧믡놻쓉죫튻룶떥튻뗄컞쯹늻냼뗄맙쇅훆횮훐ꆣꆰ헾웳늻럖ꆱ쪵볊짏쫇횸웳튵돉캪헾뢮뗄뢽펹,웤뛀솢탔퓚탐헾뿆닣훆훐쿻쪧쇋ꆣ웦맖뗄쫇,퓚뺭볃톧컄쿗훐,좴붫헢훖맙쇅훆쏨믦돉튻룶ꆰ듳웳튵ꆱꆣ웤쪵,퓚놾훊짏,볆뮮쳥훆폫웤쮵쫇삩듳뮯뗄웳튵,뮹늻죧쮵쯼쫇웳튵좡뗞뫳뗄맙쇅훆,쫇맙쇅훆퓚좫짧믡싾컞뇟볊삩햹뗄뷡맻ꆣ뛔룄룯싟벭웰뗣뗄샭뷢뻶뚨쇋뛔뺭볃쳥훆룄룯샺돌뗄샭뷢ꆣ틲듋,컒맺뺭볃쳥훆룄룯뗄훐탄쓚죝폫웤쮵쫇맺폐웳튵룄룯,뮹늻죧쮵쫇헾뢮맙쇅훆뗄뇤룯,쫇튻룶헾뢮횰쓜뇟뷧늻뛏뗷헻뗄맽돌ꆣ퓚헢훖뗷헻훐,쫐뎡쓚뗄닣벶훆(웳튵)뾪쪼냚췑뛔쫐뎡췢닣벶훆(맙쇅훆)뗄틀뢽맘쾵,늢쫔춼믱뗃훘짺ꆣ듓20쫀볍70쓪듺쒩떽80쓪듺훐웚,훐맺맙쇅훆뇤룯뗄놾훊,쫇퓚놣돖헾뢮틔탐헾쏼쇮엤훃풴뗄쳵볾쿂,뾪쪼틽죫쫐뎡믺훆ꆣ춨맽볛룱뗄쮫맬훆,쫐뎡솦솿뾪쪼폫볆뮮뫍탐헾쏼쇮튻웰랢믓ퟷ폃ꆣ듓20쫀볍80쓪듺뫳냫웚떽1992쓪,맙쇅훆뗄뇤룯틔췆탐웳튵돐냼훆캪훷튪쓚죝ꆣ헢튻뷗뛎뗄훘뗣쫇첽쳖룄뇤웳튵뢽쫴헾뢮ꆢ좱랦뺭펪ퟔ훷좨뗄뻟쳥탎쪽,틔벰첽쳖죧뫎췪짆돐냼훆뗈뻟쳥냬램ꆣ1993쓪틔뫳,맙쇅훆뇤룯뗄훷튪쓚죝쫇틔닺좨훆뛈룄룯캪뫋탄뗄막럝훆쫔뗣,벴뛔맺폐웳튵뷸탐릫쮾뮯룄퓬,쪹웤뻟폐뛀솢뗄램죋닆닺좨,쓜릻ퟔ훷뺭펪ꆢퟔ뢺펯뿷ꆢ뛀솢뫋쯣ꆢퟔ컒풼쫸,쫔춼틔듋폐킧뗘룴샫헾뢮뛔웳튵짺닺ꆢ뺭펪뗈믮뚯뗄횱뷓룉풤,쪹맺폐웳튵돉캪헦헽뗄램죋쪵쳥뫍쫐뎡뺺헹훷쳥ꆣ뺡맜맺폐웳튵룄룯쎻폐췪좫좡뗃풤웚킧맻,떫컒맺뗄맙쇅훆뮹쫇퇘ퟅ캪쫐뎡좷솢솽훖닣벶훆뗄랽쿲랢짺뇤룯,웳튵퓚뇤룯훐훰붥믱뗃튻킩ퟔ훷좨,뛀솢탔쏷쿔퓶잿ꆣ퓚컒맺뗄맙쇅훆뇤룯훐,쪼훕쎻폐죆뾪ꆰ헾웳맘쾵ꆱ뗄쏕췅,헢훖ힴ뿶떼훂컒맺틔튻훖뛀쳘뗄랽쪽뷢뻶탅쾢뫍벤샸뗄쓑쳢ꆣ샮떾뿻()퓸뺭쳖싛맽훐맺맙쇅훆훐벤샸뷡릹뗄뇤뮯,쯻죏캪,뺡맜훐맺쎻폐췆탐헾훎ퟔ평뮯,떫뮹쫇듓맙쇅훆뗄뇤룯훐믱틦럋잳ꆣ퓚훐맺쳥훆룄룯뗄듫쪩훐,폐솽쿮뛔룄짆탐헾맙풱뗄벤샸훁맘훘튪:튻쫇듸폐잿훆탔뗄뷺짽뫍샫췋택훆뛈;뛾쫇맣랺췆탐뗄탐헾뫍닆헾럖좨룄룯\[15\]ꆣ춨맽쪵탐잿훆탔뗄샫췋택훆뛈룄룯,듳엺쓪쟡뗄ꆢ뻟폐솼뫃뷌폽놳뺰뗄맙풱뗃떽쳡냎ꆣ맙풱쫇탅쾢뫍횪쪶뗄퓘쳥,맙풱뗄쳦뮻튲뻍쫇탅쾢뗄쳦뮻ꆣ뇈뷏뛸퇔,헢킩쓪쟡뗄맙풱룼뻟폐쪵폃훷틥뺫짱,쯻쏇퓚뺭볃맜샭훐룼쓜랢믓횪쪶짏뗄폅쫆,틲뛸튲룼횧돖룄룯ꆣ뷘훁1988쓪,쿘벶틔짏90%뗄맙풱뚼쫇1982쓪틔뫳쳡냎짏살뗄ꆣ뛸퓚췆탐쿜헾룄룯뗄뛭싞쮹,웤맙쇅훆훐뗄맙풱좴벸뫵풭럢늻뚯뗘놣쇴쿂살,탅쾢믹뒡벸뫵쎻폐뇤뮯ꆣ평듋뿉틔랢쿖,훐맺쯹쏦쇙뗄탅쾢쓑쳢쫇춨맽맙풱뗄쳦뮻뗃떽뮺뷢뗄ꆣ탐헾뫍닆헾럖좨룄룯붫뗘랽맙풱뗄샻틦폫떱뗘뺭볃랢햹솪쾵웰살,헢벤샸뗘랽맙풱믽벫럶돖탂웳튵뫍럇맺폐웳튵뗄듳솿뷸죫,헾뢮횮쫖뗄탔훊랢짺룄뇤,벴듓ꆰ싓뛡횮쫖ꆱ뇤캪ꆰ럶돖횮쫖ꆱ,틲듋,훐맺뺭볃뗄돖탸퓶뎤퓚뫜듳돌뛈짏뿉틔맩뷡캪맙쇅훆훐벤샸믺릹뗄뇤뮯ꆣ뛸퓚뛭싞쮹,헾뢮횮쫖퓲볌탸캬돖ꆰ싓뛡횮쫖ꆱ뗄탔훊,듓뛸뛳즱쇋뺭볃랢햹뗄짺믺ꆣ' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
2006쓪뗚4웚ꆤ27ꆤ뺡맜쎻폐췆탐헾훎ퟔ평뮯,훐맺맙쇅훆뮹쫇랢짺쇋튻킩폐샻폚뺭볃퓶뎤뗄탍ꆣ퓚헢킩탍훐,맙쇅훆탅쾢뫍벤샸뗄삧뺳뗃떽뮺뷢,쫊펦탔킧싊폐쯹쳡룟ꆣ좻뛸,훐맺맙쇅훆뗄뷡릹컊쳢틀좻뫜춻돶,헢퓚맺컱풺1998쓪ꆶ맘폚맺컱풺헾뢮믺릹룄룯랽낸뗄쮵쏷ꆷ훐폐뇈뷏쟥돾뗄쏨쫶:ꆡꆡ쿖폐헾뢮믺릹짨훃뗄믺릹뿲볜,쫇퓚쪵쪩볆뮮뺭볃쳥훆뗄쳵볾쿂훰늽탎돉뗄ꆣ춻돶뗄뇗뛋쫇헾웳늻럖,헾뢮횱뷓룉풤웳튵뗄짺닺뺭펪믮뚯,죝틗퓬돉퓰죎늻쟥뫍뻶닟쪧컳,쓑틔랢믓쫐뎡퓚풴엤훃훐뗄믹뒡ퟷ폃ꆣ춬쪱,욬쏦잿뗷ퟛ뫏늿쏅뫍튵늿쏅뗄쿠뮥훆풼,퓬돉늿쏅횰쓜훘뗾,헾돶뛠쏅,쿠뮥뎶욤,냬쫂킧싊뗍쿂ꆣ헾뢮맜쇋뫜뛠늻룃맜ꆢ맜늻쇋ꆢ쪵볊짏튲맜늻뫃뗄쫂쟩,쿖폐헾뢮믺릹훘뗾엓듳,죋뢡폚쫂뗄쿖쿳퇏훘,헢늻뷶ퟌ짺쇋컄훷틥뫍맙쇅훷틥,훺뎤첰컛뢯냜뗄늻헽횮럧,튲룸맺볒닆헾퓬돉쇋퇏훘뢺떣ꆣ훐퇫뫍뗘랽닆헾벸뫵뚼돉쇋ꆰ돔랹닆헾ꆱ,벫듳뗘펰쿬쇋헾뢮뷸탐짧믡훷틥붨짨뫍캬뮤짧믡릫릲샻틦뗄쓜솦ꆣ\[16\(]ꆫ409)훐맺맙쇅훆뗄뷡릹컊쳢쫗쿈뇭쿖퓚폫웳튵뗄뇟뷧쒣뫽늻쟥ꆣ듓쫐뎡퓋탐뗄뷇뛈살뾴,웳튵뫍맙쇅훆쫇솽훖뮥늹탔뗄닣벶훆,뛾헟럖뇰돐떣쮽죋컯욷뫍릫릲컯욷뗄릩룸(헢훖럖릤늻쫇뻸뛔뗄)ꆣ떫쫇,퓚컒맺,웳튵폫맙쇅훆횮볤늢쎻폐탎돉쏷컺뗄럖릤룱뻖,맙쇅훆맽뛠뗘뻭죫웳튵뗄짺닺뺭펪믮뚯,탐헾쫖뛎횱뷓닎폫뫍ퟩ횯쮽죋컯욷뗄릩룸,탐헾믺훆쳦듺쇋쫐뎡믺훆ꆣ헢훖쳦듺쫇튻훖횰쓜ꆰ듭캻ꆱ,뻶닟쪧컳욵랱랢짺튲뻍쫇떱좻뗄쫂쟩ꆣ떫횰쓜ꆰ듭캻ꆱ늢쎻폐쪹쫐뎡믺훆퓚릫릲컯욷뗄릩룸짏랢믓펦폐뗄ퟷ폃,뷡맻,릫릲컯욷릩룸퇏훘뛌좱ꆣ헢훖ꆰ듭캻ꆱ떼훂훐맺맙쇅훆즥쪧릤뻟샭탔뗄욷룱,맙쇅훆퓚좱랦듓췢늿쫤죫뗄볛횵뫍쒿뇪쪱,쯼뻍믡ힷ쟳ퟔ벺뗄볛횵뫍쒿뇪,탐헾맙풱튲뻍듓벼쫵맙쇅뇤돉쇋ꆰ헾훎볒ꆱꆣ탐헾맙풱ꆰ짭럝ꆱ뗄뇤뮯믡뛔맙쇅훆뗄탐헾뺫짱닺짺훘튪펰쿬,믡쪹탐헾맽돌좱랦폫릫훚뗄뛔뮰뫍붻쇷,튲믡업돢릫훚뛔탐헾뗄닎폫,탐헾맽돌믡뇤뗃폺살폺럢뇕ꆣ헢훖샻틦ힷ쟳뗄룱뻖뇘좻퇓짬떽맙쇅훆쓚늿,평폚룷횰쓜늿쏅횰좨뷧쿞쒣뫽,쎿룶늿쏅뿉쓜뚼폐ퟔ짭뗄샻틦,훰샻뗄뚯믺랴맽살잿뮯쇋헢훖횰좨뗄쒣뫽탔,뷡맻쫇,튵뮯컞램퓚맙쇅훆쓚늿뗃떽랢햹,벼쫵맙쇅퓚튵횪쪶짏뗄폅쫆늻쏷쿔,ퟮ뫳떼훂맙쇅훆킧싊뗍쿂ꆣ듓횪쪶싛뷇뛈뾴,훐맺맙쇅훆평폚쎻폐뾼싇쫂쪵쇬폲뫍볛횵쇬폲뗄쟸럖,떼훂뻶닟랽쪽폫뻶닟쫂컱뗄듭캻ꆣ풭퓲짏,퓚볛횵쇬폲쫊폃벯쳥뻶닟,퓚쫂쪵쇬폲퓲쫊폃볒뻶닟ꆣ떫평폚쎻폐뛔쫂쪵쇬폲뫍볛횵쇬폲볓틔쟸럖,퓚펦룃뷸탐벯쳥뻶닟뗄볛횵쇬폲,솢램믺맘쎻폐룸돶횸쇮,튲쎻폐틽죫듳훚닎폫뗄돌탲,뛸평탐헾맙풱튻쫖닙냬,ퟮ훕평짙쫽죋ퟶ돶볛횵톡퓱,헢퇹뗄톡퓱ퟔ좻쓑틔믱뗃듳훚뷓쫜;퓚쫂쪵쇬폲,평폚탐헾횰좨믬싒퓬돉튵뮯컞램짮죫랢햹,탐헾볒뗄튵횪쪶듳듲헛뿛,볒뻶닟뗄샭탔쮮욽튲쫜떽펰쿬ꆣ틲듋,훐맺맙쇅훆룄룯뗄쟐죫뗣뮹쫇헾훎뫍탐헾뗄쫊떱럖샫,틲캪횻폐헢퇹,닅쓜쟸럖볛횵쇬폲뫍쫂쪵쇬폲,닅쓜퓚볛횵뫍쒿뇪톡퓱훐,춨맽삩듳릫훚닎폫틔듙뷸헽떱탔;퓚쫂쪵쇬폲,춨맽잿뮯탐헾볒뗄ퟷ폃틔쳡룟뻶닟뗄샭탔쮮욽ꆣ퓚훆뛈뷡릹늻뫏샭뗄쟩뿶쿂,듳훚닎폫믲탭쓜릻쳡룟뻶닟뗄헽떱탔,떫퓚탐헾볒훷떼뗄탐헾돌탲훐,맽폚벯훐뗄볒좨솦뿉쓜떼훂볒컞쓜믲좨솦샄폃,ퟮ훕,듳훚닎폫싙캪쿳헷럻뫅,돉캪탐헾맙쇅췆탐럇샭탔탐헾맦퓲뗄뛜없\[17\]ꆣ쯄ꆢ뷡ꆡꆡ폯퓚맙쇅쳥훆ퟟ맽뗄쯪퓂샯,쯼뗄좷랢믓맽훘튪ퟷ폃ꆣ떱뮷뺳컈뚨쪱,뛔폚룸뚨뗄죎컱뛸퇔,맙쇅훆쯹뻟폐뗄뺫좷탔ꆢ컈뚨탔뫍뿉뾿탔쫇컞폫싗뇈뗄ꆣ떫쫇,퓚뷼30쓪샯,쯦ퟅ탅쾢벼쫵뗄룯쏼ꆢ좫쟲뺭볃뺺헹뗄볓뻧뫍뷌폽뗄웕벰뮯,쫀뷧뇤뗃쮲쾢췲뇤,늢돤싺쯦믺탔,맙쇅훆뾪쪼뇤뗃샏첬쇺훓,퓚뇤룯뫍뒴탂랽쏦뺡쿖?죵횮첬ꆣ쏦쇙죕틦퇏뻾뗄탅쾢뫍벤샸삧뺳,쫀뷧룷맺럗럗뷸탐헾뢮룄룯,붫튻킩벼쫵쫖뛎뫍훆뛈튪쯘틽죫맙쇅훆살뮯뷢캣믺ꆣ떫럖컶뇭쏷,헢뎡ꆰ탂릫릲맜샭ꆱ퓋뚯풶쎻' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ꆤ28ꆤ2006쓪뗚4웚폐췪돉,맙쇅훆쏦쇙ퟅ룼캪짮뿌뗄뇤룯ꆣ뇈뷏뛸퇔,훐맺맙쇅훆룄룯놻뢳폨쇋룼뛠뗄쓚몭,쯼늻뷶튪퓚룄룯훐,춨맽튻쾵쇐훆뛈붨짨맦랶ퟔ짭폫릫훚틔벰ퟔ짭쓚늿횮볤뗄맘쾵,뮹튪쏦쇙샭쮳폫웳튵횮볤맘쾵뗄죎컱ꆣ쯼늻뷶튪퓚ퟩ횯뷡릹뫍탐헾돌탲짏ퟶ돶쫊펦탔뗷헻,뮹튪쏦쇙훘쯜릫릲탐헾뺫짱뗄쪹쏼ꆣ쯼튪뮹풭ퟷ캪릤뻟샭탔뗄욷룱,폖튪퓚볛횵샭탔짏폐쯹ퟷ캪ꆣ쯼튪퓋폃룕탔뗄릫릲좨솦뒦샭릫릲쫂컱,뮹튪럶돖뻟폐떯탔뗄럇헾뢮ퟩ횯뗄돉뎤ꆣꆰ솽쫖뚼튪,솽쫖뚼튪펲ꆱ,헢폖쫇튻듎뾼퇩죋샠훇믛뗄룄룯ꆣ닎뾼컄쿗:\[1\](쏀)볲ꆤ삳뛷.탂릫릲맜샭\[M\]놱.뺩:훐맺쟠쓪돶냦짧,2004.\[2\](쏀)놫늪ꆤ뷜쯷웕.훎샭뗄탋웰벰웤쪧냜뗄럧쿕:틔뺭볃랢햹캪샽뗄싛쫶\[J\]맺.볊짧믡뿆톧퓓횾(훐컄냦),1999,(2).\[3\],EconomyandSociety,,1973.\[4\](펢)듷캬ꆤ뇏즪쒷.맙쇅훆\[M\]뎤.뒺:벪쇖죋쏱돶냦짧,2005.\[5\]PhilippeAghion,JeanTiroleꆰ,FormalandRealAuthorityinOrganizationꆱ,TheJournalofPoliticalEconomy,105(1),1997.\[6\](쏀)컄즭쳘ꆤ냂쮹쳘싞쒷.쏀맺릫릲탐헾뗄쮼쿫캣믺\[M\]짏.몣:짏몣죽솪쫩뗪,1999.\[7\](쏀)뇋뗃ꆤ늼샍,십킪뛻ꆤ쎷튮.쿖듺짧믡훐뗄뿆닣훆\[M\]짏.몣:톧쇖돶냦짧,2001.\[8\](펢)십뿋쮹ꆤHꆤ늼췟쯷.탅쾢뿕볤:죏쪶ퟩ횯ꆢ훆뛈뫍컄뮯뗄튻훖뿲볜\[M\]짏.몣:짏몣틫컄돶냦짧,2000.\[9\](쏀)듷캬ꆤ냂쮹놾,뇋뗃ꆤ웕삭쮹쳘샯뿋.뇷웺맙쇅훆:헾뢮퓙퓬뗄컥쿮햽싔\[M\]놱.뺩:훐맺죋쏱듳톧돶냦짧,2002.\[10\]Leibenstein,H.,ꆰ-Efficiencyꆱ,AER,56,1966.\[11\](쏀)췾솮쒷ꆤAꆤ쓡쮹뾲쓏.맙쇅훆폫릫릲뺭볃톧\[M\]놱.뺩:훐맺쟠쓪돶냦짧,2004.\[12\](쏀)엁쳘샯뿋ꆤ뛘샻췾.쏱훷ꆢ맙쇅폫릫릲톡퓱\[M\]놱.뺩:훐맺쟠쓪돶냦짧,2004.\[13\]OwenHughes,PublicManagementandAdministration:AnIntroduction(2ed),MacmillanPressLTD,ꆯsPress,Inc.,1998.\[14\(]죕)쟠쒾뎣퇥,냂튰헽뿭,뗈.쫐뎡뗄ퟷ폃맺볒뗄ퟷ폃\[M\]놱.뺩:훐맺랢햹돶냦짧,2002.\[15\]ꆰ,ChangingIncentivesoftheChineseBureaucracyꆱ,AER,88,1998.\[16\]맺컱풺릫놨\[Z\].1998쓪뗚9뫅.\[17\]췵컽,헂폀샖.볒ꆢ듳훚폫횪쪶뗄퓋폃\[J\]훐.맺짧믡뿆톧,2003,(3).BureaucracyandTransformationofGovernmentalManagementModelsChenGuofu(DepartmentofEconomics,NankaiUniversity,Tianjin300071,China)Abstract:Asanorganizationformofgovernmentalmanagement,bureaucracyplayedanimportantroleinindustrialsociety,ꆯ,:Bureaucracy;Governance;Information;Stimulation' 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
