ህ ં IM&P化工矿物与加工 2010୍ֻ7௹ ໓ᅣщݼ:1008-7524(2010)07-0034-04磷矿伴生氟资源的回收及利用 王瑾(ᇜ۽ြᆯြඌ࿐ჽ߄࿐۽ӱ༢,ᇜဝ550008) ᅋေ:ູਔ՜ࣉਠঀϴളڗሧჷ֥षؿ০Ⴈ,ٳ༅݂ବਔ߄࿐ࡆ۽ਠঀെ෮Ӂളݣڗ٬గ֥࣪߄ބڗ߭൬ٚم,ؓ০Ⴈਠ߄۽ڬӁڗ݁ූ,ࣉطളӁ༢ਙࠏڗӁ֥ٚمބႨቔਔ༢ӂඍbᇗׄࢺകਔڗ݁ූᆰࢤᇅ౼ඣڗ߄৳Ӂڗ߄aϢฒޑྍ۽ၜ,ࡥඍਔളӁٚمބ۽ၜੀӱbႮՎіૼ:षؿ০Ⴈਠঀϴളڗሧჷ,࠻ି॥ᇅڗಙ,ႻିڬӁࠏڗӁ,Ֆطิۚਠঀ֥ሸކ০ႨིၭbܱՍ:ݣڗਠঀ;ڗ߭൬;ࠏڗӁᇏٳোݼ:TD985 ໓ངѓ്:A0 ႄটჷ[2]bളӁྟݣڗ٬గ֥ஆ٢߶ؓնగaඣ฿ಖݣڗঀെሧჷᇶေႵᇕ:ႎെ(ᇶေӮุaಛ֩ߌᄯӮڗಙ,ؓളӁགྷӆ֥ഡٳCaF2),ݣڗ49%;Ѣࣖെ(ᇶေӮٳNa3ീaഡСऎႵڪോ,ྟѩؓದุऎႵྟ,ܣݣڗAlF6),ݣڗ45%;ڗਠߧെ(ᇶေӮٳCa5(PO4)3٬గсྶ࣪߄ކ۬ުҌିஆ٢bF),ݣڗ3%~4%[1]bఃᇏ,ڗਠߧെݣڗਈෙ含氟废气的净化ࢠ,֮෮ݣڗሧჷႵ90%ၛഈϴളᄝਠঀᇏ,ݣڗ٬గ֥࣪߄ٚمᇶေႵ་൬مބ་ڸطਠঀٳ҃ࢠܼ,ԥਈჹնႿభਆᇕঀെሧჷ,ၹمbਠ߄۽ຂڗ࣪߄ӈႨ་൬م,၂ϮႨඣࠇࡡՎݣڗሹਈޓॖܴbᄝၛਠঀെູჰਘ֥ਠ٧a၁ࣉྛ་൬bHFࠞၞಷႿඣطӮڗ,ූѩିߛਠaਠූࠣਠූ֩ਠ߄۽ളӁᇏ,߄࿐ࡆ۽ਠބࡡྟᇉؿളّႋളӮڗ߄;SiF4္ࠞၞಷঀെ෮ၤԛ֥ڗ൞ॖ܂षؿ০Ⴈ֥ڗሧჷ,ႋࣉႿඣ,ളӮڗ݁ූ,ߎିބࡡྟᇉؿളّႋളӮྛ߭൬ѩڬӁڗᇅ,Ֆطٝᆸބ॥ᇅڗಙ,ڗ݁ූbၹՎ,ҐႨඣࠇࡡ၁་൬,ିޓಸၞֹൈႻିൌགྷڗሧჷ֥࣐ఃႨbຂԢ٬గᇏ֥HFބSiF4b1 ࡆ۽ਠঀെӁള֥ݣڗ٬గࠣః࣪߄ඣ་൬ݣڗ٬గ؟ႨႿਠ٧ളӁ,ᄝ࣪߄٬ 含氟废气的来源గ֥ൈڬӁڗ݁ූbඣ་൬ຂڗ၂ϮЇওԢਠঀെ൞ᇅᄯྸ؟ਠ߄۽Ӂ֥ঀെჰਘ,ӣa་൬aԢaஆॢ֩ݖӱb๙ӈ,௴ہӌҐႨѭᄝؓఃࣉྛ߄࿐ࡆ۽֥ݖӱᇏ҂ॖх૧߶Ӂളݣඣቔ၂ࠩ་൬,໓౭ቔؽࠩ་൬,་൬ੱॖղڗ٬గbݣڗ٬గ๙ӈ൞ᆷݣႵగڗ߄aඹ98%;ҐႨ౯ෳࠇϰൔෳ་൬,ॖ་൬ੱۚղڗ߄֥݁۽ြ٬గbਠ߄۽ളӁᇏ,ݣڗ٬గᇶ%bطہૃਠ٧ӌۚ٬గԩ,၂Ϯ༵ࣜေটሱႿਠঀെᄝۚ໑༯֥᧟എࠣ߄࿐ّႋݖԢӣaࢆ໑,ᄜࣜ࿈நඣ་൬,Ԣಀඣު٢,ॢݣӱ,бೂᄝുمਠූބਠ٧ളӁᇏ,ਠঀെᇏ෮ݣڗਈॖࢆᇀ ൬۠ರ௹:2010-03-07 ቔᆀࡥࢺ:ᡀ(1954-),୯,ඹԫੈӄದ,ڬ࢝൱,Ӊ௹Ֆ൙ࠏ߄۽۽ၜ࢝࿐ა࣮,ଢభ࣮ٚཟູࠏളӁაߌࠣνಆЌ,E-mail:wjwangjin54@ 34
ህ ં IM&P化工矿物与加工 2010୍ֻ7௹μඣ་൬ఃᇏ֥SiF4ބHF,ളӮڗ݁ූࠇڗҋބ༸ົbۚՂࠇӑՂAHF,ၘᄝܻ࿐aັሰ߄,طᄜაූ੨ࠣූّႋᇅ౼Ѣࣖെ۽ြࠣࣚ༥߄۽ᇏ֤֞ႋႨb(ڗ੨ූ),၂ϮླࣜݖԢӣa༡ִaသ߄aμ߄aݓ۽ြ߄ളӁAHFၘႵ࣍20୍֥ൎ,ݖੲaކӮaٳaޝۄ֩҄ᇧb؟Ⴈූم,ࠧၛႎെູჰਘა୩ූᄝሇါଽ་ڸ࣪߄مӈႨࠃྟသ߄੨ؓ٬గᇏ֥ڗ߄ّႋ,ളӮHFބූہ,ᄜ਼ࣜࣚࠆ֤bູڿэࣉྛ་ڸ,သ߄੨ᄝࡼHFࠇSiF4་ڸ༯ট,ުളӁAHFӉ௹၇ঠႎെ֥अ૫,ݓࡆն০ႨਠളӮڗ߄੨֩ڗ߄[3]bӈႨ֥་ڸልᇂႵঀϴളڗሧჷ৯؇,ၘषؿԛၛ༯AHF۽ၜ[4]:ੀ߄٭อԵaܵ֡ൻෂԵ,భᆀ࣪߄ੱղ95%a.ڗ݁ූم:ࡼSiF4గุა࿖ߌ֥NH4F~99%,ުᆀ࣪߄ੱູ95%~98%,ିݻࢠཬbಷ၁ّႋ,ളӮڗ݁ූ,ᄜࡆμّႋളӮSiO2ඣ་൬бࢠࣜ࠶,ࡎ৷ၞ,֤ఃڬӁູූӦ(݁ࢋ)ބNH4F,ੲಀӦ֤֞NH4Fಷ၁;ো,ڪോྟࢠ఼;ࡡ၁་൬֥Ӂູো,ؓഡСࡼಷ၁ᄝ140~150 ୩෪,ᄜႿ170~180 Ⴈ֥ܵ֡ڪോࢠཬ,ߎॖᆰࢤᇅ౼ڗ,ᆃ൞ࡡ၁་ූٳࢳࠧᇅ֤AHFb္ॖࡼNH4FაKFّႋ൬ႪႿඣ་൬ᆭԩbཌྷؓႿുم་൬,ۄم་ڸളӮڗ߄ࡋ,ᄜაNaFّႋളӮڗ߄,ಖ֥۽ၜੀӱࡥֆ,ᆺൡႨႿԩݣڗਈ҂֥ۚުࡆಣᇀ300 ٳࢳ֤NaFބ%֥AHFb٬గbᄝਠ߄۽ളӁᇏ,ؓݣڗ٬గ֥࣪߄ԩb.သ߄ہم:ࡼ20%֥H2SiF6ಷ၁აെߧ๙ӈބڗ֥߭൬০ႨൈࣉྛbೄႿ70~75 ᇏބ,ളӮCaF2ބSiO2,ࣜݖੲa2 ਠ߄۽߭൬ڗሧჷڬӁࠏڗӁᄯ৬ުෂೆ1050 ֥ሇါଽࡆᆕచّႋᇅ֤ 氢氟酸a氟硅酸AHFbHFಷႿඣ֤ࠧڗ,ූSiF4ಷႿඣ֤ࠧڗ݁c.҃(Buss)م:ࡼH2SiF6୩෪ѩగ߄ູHFූbᄝਠ߄۽ളӁᇏ,ࡆ۽ਠঀെӈӁളSiF4గ,ุೂႨූٳࢳਠঀٸ߶٢ԛ-SiF4-H2Oࠁކగ,ಖުႨ؟ჭԿႵࠏಷ࠴་HFగ,ุHFაਠঀെᇏ֥ؽသ߄ّ݁ႋႻ٢ԛ൬HF,ࣜᆇॢᆕؿ༅ԛHF,ᄜࣜ၁߄a਼֤ࣚSiF4,ၹՎႨඣ༡ִݣڗ٬గॖ֤֞15%~30%֥AHFbH2SiF6ಷ၁b০ႨڬӁڗ݁ූࣉྛധࡆ۽ࠇࣚࡆ۽各种氟盐,ିളӁ༢ਙࠏڗӁba.ڗ߄ࡋ:ࡼ8%~10%֥H2SiF6აݖਈڗූॖႨቔ҂ྭۑౢ༡࠴aѪৰോख़࠴aࣁ20%~25%֥KClّႋ,֤֞HClބڗ݁ූࡋ,උܻ࠴bڗූაHClಷႿඣӮູ;ූK2SiF6ࣜݖੲa༡ִ,ѩႨNa2CO3ࠇNaOHᇏބॖᇅ֤ڗ߄,ڗ߄ॖႨቔۑຂသ࠴aࣁඋݯࢤᇹ95 ಣඣඣࢳ,֤֞KFaHFބ݁ࢋӦ,ᄜࣜݖಶ࠴aٝ౾Ԃۛเࡆ࠴֩bੲa୩෪aࢲࣖaۄᄲ֤KFӁbڗ߄ࡋॖႨቔڗ݁ූॖႨቔᄯြཨ࠴aඣୃࠣದᄯെކࣁݯࢤᇹ࠴,ѩႨᄝ၄ူഈളӁڗᔧූa୪ူഈ႗߄࠴bႨቔࠏڗӁჰਘൈ,ᄝളӁڗ݁ූളӁ೪ԋ࠴b݁ࢋॖႨቔ་ڸ࠴ބۄᄲ࠴֩baڗ߄੨ބڗ੨ූഈႨਈࢠնbѢࣖെᇶေb.ڗ߄੨:ࡼ15%H2SiF6აသ߄੨ᄝ100Ⴈቔࢳ੨ಷ࠴,ߎॖቔѪৰaศՌᇹಶ࠴b ༯ّႋ,ളӮAlF3ބSiO2ࠁކ၁,ੲಀ݁ࢋ2ੲ၁ᄝ90 ༯Ќ໑ࢲࣖ,Ⴛࣜݖੲٳaۄᄲຂ.2 无水氟化氢(AHF)AHF൞ᇅᄯჭڗ֥ື၂ჰਘ,ਸ਼ॖႨႿളඣ,ᄜႿ600~650 ༯᧟എ,ࣜಏ֤ӁӁగ࠴aࣁඋౢ༡࠴aෑਘؿஞ࠴aі૫ࠃྟ࠴AlF3bڗ߄੨ᇶေႨႿࢳ੨۽ြbࠣऊඹڗၙ༖bAHFऎႵޓ఼֥բ߄ࠃྟ,ॖᄝc.ڗ߄ہ:ᄝ߭൬০ႨਠঀϴളڗሧჷളӁႵࠏ߄ކບࠎ߄aၳܒ߄ࠇऊކّႋᇏቔբ߄CaF2ٚ૫,ૅݓa֣ݓ֩ؿղݓࡅࢠᄪषؿ֥ٚم࠴;၁HFᄵऎႵޓ఼֥ຂඣ,ྟॖႨႿฏ߄ଡႵμمބฏූہمb 35
ህ ં IM&P化工矿物与加工 2010୍ֻ7௹μم()ૅ:ࡼH2SiF6Ⴈμٳࢳ,ളӮNH4Fބbྍڗ݁ූᇅ౼ඣڗ߄৳Ӂڗ߄aϢSiO2,ੲಀSiO2Ӧ,ႨെߧೄԩNH4Fಷ၁ളฒޑልᇂ,षԷਔਠঀെϴളڗሧჷི֥ۚ০ႨӮCaF2Ӧ,ᄜࣜٳaۄᄲ֤ࠧӁbྍࣥ,ࡼԮڗ߭൬ٚൔิശູषؿྍ֥ڗӁฏූہم(֣):Ⴈฏූہ࿇ڜ၁ԩH,ູݓମᇀൗࢸਠ٧۽ြ֥ڗ߭൬০Ⴈඎ৫2Sਔׅٓ[7]bھልᇂҐႨڗ݁ූᆰࢤᇅ౼ඣڗiF6,ളӮSiO2ބCaF2Ӧ,ᄜࣜٳaۄᄲ֤ࠧӁb߄۽ၜ,ളӁॖቔڗ߄۽ჰਘ֥၁AHF,ൈڬӁSiO2ᇅ౼Ϣฒޑ,ѩ৳Ӂڗ߄bᆜ۱ളd.ڗ߄:ࡼH2SiF6აNa2CO3ّႋ,ࠇࡼڗ݁ූಣٳࢳ,ॖᇅ֤NaFbڗ߄ԢభඍႨӁݖӱॖਠූaਠ٧ӌӁള֥ڗ݁ූಆ҆ཨ߄,ຓൈఃஆ٢္ቔູ༯ႳӁჰਘࡆၛ০Ⴈ,,ߎॖቔٝڪ࠴a೪ԋ࠴aѪৰᅻܻ࠴aඣԩ࠴aൊ఼߄࠴bࣇႵ࣪߄ު֥ແగஆ٢,ቓ֞ਔߌЌބሧჷ০Ⴈ֥ච႓bھልᇂೂ1෮ൕ,ളӁ۽ၜࡥඍe.ڗ݁ූ:ࡼH2SiF6აNaClّႋ֤ࠧNa2SiF6bڗ݁ූႨܼ,ٗӈႨႿରූࠁୠೂ༯b,ದᄯնെ,ଡҋ,۪ٝڪᇅ,೪ԋ࠴,ෑਘแԉ࠴,ಶವ࠴,Ѫৰോख़࠴,ڗі૫ԩ࠴,ඣԩ࠴֩白炭黑a冰晶石୍࣍ট,ݓਠ٧۽ြႧႿඌԷྍ,ڿэਔԮ֥ڗ߭൬؟ၛളӁ֮ڸࡆᆴڗ݁ූູᇶ֥ሑঃ,ᄝषؿڗሧჷٚ૫ൌགྷਔඌ,০ႨڬӁڗ݁ූളӁԛϢฒޑ[5]aѢࣖെ֩ۚڸࡆᆴڗӁba.ႨNH4Fಷ၁ࠇμඣ་൬ݣڗ٬గ,ളӮ1ڗ݁ූᇅ౼ඣڗ߄৳Ӂڗ߄a֥ڗ݁ූႨμ༅مॖ֤֞SiO2,ࣜݖੲaඣ༡aϢฒޑ۽ၜੀӱൕၩۄᄲᇅ౼ཝࢋҀ఼࠴ϢฒޑbՎمᇅϢฒޑ҂ࣇ ݣڗ٬గࣜඣ༡ުളӮڗ݁ූಷ၁b୩ڗ݁ିݻ,֮ӮЧ္֮bූބ୩ූᄝّႋఖᇏّႋളӮSiF4ބHF,HFb.Ⴈڗ݁ූمᇅ౼Ѣࣖെ৳ӁႪᇉϢฒޑն҆ٳФH2SO4་൬ྙӮࠁކ,ූࠁކූੀೆHFඌ,แҀਔݓᄝھਵთ֥ॢϢbՎم൞ࡼؿളఖࣜڥࡆಣުగ၁ٳ,గཌྷࣉೆყ࣪߄༢Na2SiF6აμඣّႋ,༅ԛ݁ࢋႨႿളӁϢฒޑ;,Ԣಀۚ٭ׄᄖᇉ;၁ཌྷࣉೆ༎ූิՂ༢bಖުࡼੲ၁ࡆೆ༎ූࡆಣϳ,ᄜࡆೆූ੨a࣪߄ު֥HFగุࣜୠэӮHF၁ุ,਼ࣜࣚ੯߄࿃ّႋ,ѢࣖെࠧӦ༅ԛ,ࣜӦࢆaݖ֤֞AHFӁbطّႋఖᇏӁള֥SiF4ބHFੲaۄᄲ֤֞ӮbھඌႵི০Ⴈਔਠঀڗሧࠁކగ,ᄵࣉೆّႋఖෳᇏႨ୩ූ་൬,HFగჷ,ڿэਔݓଽ୍ࠫটၛႎെູჰਘളӁѢุࣖࣜۄᄲaಏުّْ߭ႋఖ;Ֆූ་൬ෳԛটെ֥Ԯ۽ၜ,ѩ൮ԷݓӦمളӁϢฒޑྍ֥గุࣉೆແగ༡ִ༢,၁ุੀೆHFؿളఖ,ඌ,ളӁӮЧ,֮Ӂᇉਈݺ[6]bቋުੀೆّႋఖb3 ਠ߄۽৳Ӂඣڗ߄aڗ߄ބϢฒޑྍ۽Ⴎݖੲ༢ੲԛ֥SiO2ڬӁ,ࣜಷࢳaӦၜaյࡽaۄᄲ֩ݖӱᇅ֤Ϣฒޑ,ࠇࣜಷࢳaӦݣڗ٬గ߭൬০Ⴈ֥མሑᄝႿିൈࡼa࣪߄a୩෪aࢲࣖ֩ݖӱᇅ֤ڗ߄bఃᇏ֥ڗa݁ჭሇ߄ູႵࢠۚࡎᆴ֥ڗa݁Ӂ4 ࢲე 36
ህ ં IM&P化工矿物与加工 2010୍ֻ7௹ູٝᆸބ॥ᇅݣڗ٬గؓߌ֥ಙ[6]ൗࡾ.ؿᅚ࿖ߌࣜ࠶՜ࣉڗ߄۽,طڗॖӻ࿃ؿᅚ[J].ᇏݓࣜસႻ൞ᇗေ֥۽ြჰਘఙᆭॖ༔,ၹՎᄝؓݣڗ٬़֝,2007(24):59.గ࣪߄֥ൈࣉྛڗሧჷ֥߭൬০Ⴈ,ഥӁြ[7]ٚୡ.ᄹ఼ೈൌ৯ໜڞࠢࣉݓ࠽߄ᅞ[N].ᇏݓ۽ြБ,2009-10-14.৽,षؿྍӁ,൞གྷսਠ߄۽ఒြ֥сಖ࿊ᄴ,[8]ᇜസ!၂∀ਠࠣਠ߄۽Ӂြؿᅚܿ߃[R].2006.္൞ൌགྷ࿖ߌࣜ࠶,ಞڗᄯڞದো֥сಖေbᇜਠঀሧჷپڶ,ଢభ࠹֥ਠঀԥਈჿRecoveryandutilizationູ26ၡtbᄝ!၂∀௹ࡗ,ᇜਠ߄۽ၘԚ҄ྙӮਔঀ٧৳Ӂն߄aགྷս߄֥ؿᅚ۬अ,Ӂoffluorineresourceassociatedݤۂਠ٧aߛਠaਠූaਠූၛࠣࣚ༥ਠӁ֩withphosphaterock20Ⴥ۱ᇕ,ఃᇏۚ୩؇ਠگ٧ӁਈaുمਠූWANGJin࣪߄ބࠢჿ߄ߛਠളӁᄝݓଽԩႿਵֹ༵,໊ط(ChemistryEngineeringDepartment,GuizhouIndustryandਠූࠣਠ٧ളӁᇏݣڗ٬గ֥ሸކ০ႨTechnologyVocationalCollege,GuiyangGuizhou550008,,Їওڗ߭൬ᇅඣڗ߄aڗ߄aϢฒޑ֥۽ြ߄ളChina)Ӂ,උႿሱᇶԷྍඌ,षԷਔᇜਠ߄۽ߌЌAbstract:Inordertopromoteexploitationandutilizationoffluo ބሧჷ০Ⴈѩᇗ֥ਅݺअ૫[8]b႞ᇂၐ,ࡼrineresourceassociatedwithphosphaterock,purificationmethodofགྷႵݣڗ٬గ֥࣪߄ބ߭൬ิۚ֞၂۱ྍඣ,fluoride bearingwastegasproducedfromchemicalprocessingofਠঀെᇏᄏҟ֥նਈڗሧჷ֤֞۷Ⴕི֥षؿphosphaterockandrecoverymethodoffluorinewereanalyzedandބ০Ⴈ ,൞՜ࣉߌႶݺaሧჷࢫჿགྷսਠ߄۽ॖӻ࿃ؿᅚ֥сႮᆭਫ਼bphoruschemicalindustry,andmethodandapplicationofseriesofin organicfluorideproductsproducedfromhydrofluosilicicacidwereex 5 ҕॉ໓ང [1]߄۽Ϥ॓ಆщࠠჴ߶.߄۽Ϥ॓ಆֻ4ज:ڗ[M].Кgenfluorideandco producingammoniumfluorideandsilicahydratedࣘ:߄࿐۽ြԛϱഠ,1993:,itspro [2]ᆽಃ.۽ြ٬గ࣪߄ა০Ⴈ[M].Кࣘ:߄࿐۽ြԛϱഠ,: [3]ਫ਼Ӱڄ,աᆟќ.ٝӣٝඌ[M].Кࣘ:߄࿐۽ြԛϱഠ,ciatedwithphosphaterockcouldcontrolfluorinecontamination,and2004:,andconsequently[4]߄۽Ϥ॓ಆщࠠჴ߶.߄۽Ϥ॓ಆֻ5ज:ڗ߄ކcouldincreasecomprehensiveutilizationbenefitofphosphaterock.[M].Кࣘ:߄࿐۽ြԛϱഠ,1993:7-17,:fluoride bearingphosphaterock;fluorinerecovery;[5]࿏ފଲ,ૼնᄹ,ᆽབ,֩.ਠ٧ڬӁڗ݁ූᇅϢฒޑඌinorganicfluorideproduct[J].ࠏ۽ြ,2007,39(5):8-9.(ഈࢤֻ16်)gramanalysisofNa+aMg2+//C-laSO2-4-H2O,,atechnologicalmagnesiumsulfatebyusingsaltlakeprocesswasputforward,%,thepurityofMgSO4 ,HOUJian hua,GAIXiao hong%couldbeproducedbyusinghot melting,coldcrystallization,(SDICXinjiangLuobupoPotashCo.,Ltd.,,China)Keywords:saltlakesediment;saltlakebrine;magnesiumsul fate;phasediagramanalysis;materialcalculationAbstract:Accordingtoquaternaryreciprocalsystemphasedia 37
