2003쓪8퓂뗚ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡAug.,200317뻭뗚4웚ꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡꆡ뮪ꆡ뚫ꆡ뺭ꆡ볃ꆡ맜ꆡ샭EastChinaEconomicManagemꆡ,릤ퟷ훊솿맜샭풭퓲:짏룚틽떼뗄탂쓚죝헅샶뮪,컢틥열(듳솬샭릤듳톧ꆡ탐캪퇐뺿쯹,듳솬ꆡ116024)[햪튪]본폚쒿잰탭뛠ퟩ횯뗄짏룚틽떼춨뎣횻냼삨쇋튻냣헾닟뷩짜,뛸짦벰릤ퟷ뾪햹놾짭랽쏦뗄쓚죝뫜짙,놾컄틽죫쇋훊솿맜샭쿠맘샭싛,헻뫏쇋떱잰웕뇩쪹폃뗄냋쿮훊솿맜샭풭퓲,뗃돶쇋쯄쿮릤ퟷ훊솿맜샭풭퓲,늢볓틔닻쫶,ퟮ뫳룸돶쇋ퟩ횯췆탐룃풭퓲뗄늽훨춼쪾벰펦냑컕뗄튪뗣ꆣ[맘볼듊]릤ퟷ훊솿;짏룚틽떼;탂쓚죝[훐춼럖샠뫅]F270ꆡꆡꆡ[컄쿗뇪쪶싫]Aꆡꆡꆡ[컄헂뇠뫅]1007ꆪ5097(2003)04ꆪ0083ꆪ03Theprinciplesofworkqualitymanagement:thenewcontentofemployeeorientationZHANGLi2hua,WUYi2peng(BehaviorScienceResearchCenter,DalianUniversityofTechnology,Dalian116024,China)Abstract:Inviewofthefactthatemployeeorientationinmanyorganizationsonlyincludesgeneralpolicyintroductionwithveryfewcontentconcerninghowconcreteworkiscarriedout,thispaperintroducestheoriesrelatedtoqualitymanagement,integratestheeightprinciplesofqualitymanagementwidelyusedcurrentlyintofourprinciplesofworkmanagementandexpoundsthemindetail,:workquality;employeeorientation;newcontentꆡꆡ튻ꆢ틽퇔풱릤뗄쪱뫲,쯻늻쓜듓헻룶ퟩ횯뗄닣쏦ꆢ듓웤쯻늿쏅뗄뷇뛈떱탂죋뷸죫튻룶ퟩ횯틔뫳,솢뿌뻍뾪쪼쇋쯻뗄ퟩ횯짧믡살쮼뾼틔뫳릤ퟷ뗄뾪햹랽쪽,퓚쪵볊릤ퟷ훐돶쿖쇋뫜뛠ퟝ뫡뮯뷸돌ꆣ쯹캽ퟩ횯짧믡뮯쫇튻룶늻뛏랢햹뗄맽돌,쯼냼삨쿲쿲뗄샭뷢ꆢ릵춨뫍킭뗷컊쳢ꆣ듋췢,훐맺듳톧뇏튵짺퓚킣웚쯹폐풱릤맠쫤웤늿쏅쯹웚췻뗄훷튪첬뛈ꆢ릤ퟷ맦랶ꆢ볛횵맛볤쓑뗃폐ퟩ횯쪵볹믺믡,돽쇋벫짙뗄톧짺ퟔ벺톰헒튻킩믺믡뫍탐캪쒣쪽ꆣퟷ캪ퟩ횯짧믡뮯뗄튻룶훘튪ퟩ돉늿럖,짏룚틽좥쪵쾰,뻸듳뛠쫽뗄톧짺쿊폐폐킧뗄쪵볹믺믡,훂쪹쯻쏇돵떼룸탂죋뒫뗝폐맘ퟩ횯믹놾놳뺰쟩뿶뗄탅쾢,헢킩탅쾢쓜퓶뷸횰뎡폌죧ꆰ쇵샑샑뷸듳맛풰ꆱ,튪뮨쿠떱뗄쪱볤닅쓜붨솢뷸탂죋뛔ퟩ횯뗄죏춬룐,뛔탂죋뺡뿬뷸죫릤ퟷ뷇즫폐솼뫃릤웰췪헻뗄릤ퟷ룅쓮ꆣퟷ벨킧쫇뇘탨뗄ꆣ죧맻쓜릻뒦샭뗃떱,뛔탂죋뗄ퟮ돵뗄짏룚틲듋,죧뫎췪짆짏룚틽떼,뻍돉쇋죋솦풴늿?듽뷢뻶틽떼뿉틔폐훺폚복짙탂죋뗄돵웚뷴헅늻낲,틔벰뿉쓜뗄쿖쪵뗄튻룶훘튪뿎쳢ꆣ돥춻ꆣ뛔킡웳튵살쮵,폐킧뗄짏룚틽떼룼폐웤쿖쪵틢틥ꆣ쯼뛾ꆢ릤ퟷ훊솿맜샭풭퓲틽죫벰웤쓚죝튪틔뷏짙뗄맍풱살돐떣랱퓓뗄릤ퟷ,횰쓜늿쏅뗄뺫솦ꆢ뺭퇩훊솿맜샭볒훬삼돆ꆰ21쫀볍쫇훊솿뗄쫀볍ꆱ,헢쳡램쓑틔쪤죎짏룚틽떼릤ퟷꆣ죧맻짏룚틽떼릤ퟷퟶ뗃떽캻,탂죋쯤좻늻쫇쯹폐죋뗄릲쪶,떫쫇,훊솿맜샭뗄뫜뛠쓚죝좷쪵뿉룼뿬뗘뷸죫뷇즫,킡웳튵뻍쓜쮳뎩퓋ퟷꆣ틔캪돽쇋훊솿늿틔췢뗄늿쏅쯹펦폃ꆣ좫쏦훊솿맜샭랢햹떽뷱뛸퓚떱잰쿠떱뛠뗄ퟩ횯쪵볹훐,짏룚틽떼쫇늻췪놸뗄ꆣ쳬,틑뺭탎돉쇋ꆰ죽좫튻뛠퇹ꆱ뗄쿊쏷쳘뗣,웤훐횮튻뻍쫇뻸듳뛠쫽ퟩ횯뗄짏룚틽떼뚼냼삨볲뷩ퟩ횯랢햹퇘룯ꆢퟩ횯뷡좫쏦뗄훊솿룅쓮,훊솿틑뺭늻뷶냼삨닺욷훊솿,튲냼삨릤ퟷ릹뫍킽벰뢣샻헾닟,짵훁냼삨믰퓖럀랶뗈ퟩ횯헾닟탔쓚훊솿ꆣ릤ퟷ훊솿쫇쳡룟닺욷훊솿뗄믹뒡뫍놣횤,풱릤뗄릤ퟷ죝,짦벰릤ퟷ뾪햹놾짭랽쏦뗄쓚죝,퓲뫜듳돌뛈틀삵횰쓜늿훊솿룟뗍뻶뚨쇋닺욷훊솿뗄룟뗍ꆣ2000냦ꆶISO9000:훊솿쏅뗄짮풱릤살췪돉ꆣퟩ횯횻뷩짜헾닟탔쓚죝뛸늻짦벰릤ퟷ맜샭쳥쾵ꆪꆪꆪ믹뒡뫍쫵폯ꆷ훐훆뚨쇋틔맋뿍캪맘힢붹뗣ꆢ쇬뾪햹놾짭,뻍믡듸살튻룶훂쏼뗄죵뗣,벴:떱탂죋뇤돉쫬솷떼ퟷ폃ꆢ좫풱닎폫ꆢ맽돌랽램ꆢ쾵춳맜샭ꆢ돖탸룄뷸ꆢ틔쫂[쫕룥죕웚]ꆡ2003ꆪ04ꆪ28[믹뷰쿮쒿]ꆡ맺볒ퟔ좻뿆톧믹뷰쿮쒿(엤쳗탍쏱펪웳튵랢햹쒣쪽폫맜샭믺훆뗄퇐뺿ꆡ쿮쒿뫅:70241029)[ퟷ헟볲뷩]ꆡ헅샶뮪(1957ꆪ),얮,뢱뷌쫚,늩쪿,쯹뎤,쒿잰훷튪퇐뺿:ퟩ횯탐캪톧,죋솦풴맜샭,쇬떼톧;컢틥열(1979ꆪ),쓐,쮶쪿퇐뺿짺,퇐뺿랽쿲:ퟩ횯탐캪톧,죋솦풴맜샭ꆣꆪ83ꆪ
쪵캪뻶닟틀뻝뫍뮥샻뗄릩랽맘쾵뗈냋쿮훊솿맜샭풭퓲,퓚훊헻룶ퟩ횯뗄릤ퟷ솴튪춬늽뗷뗘볓쯙퓋,ퟷ캪솴짏튻뮷뗄룶솿맜샭릤ퟷ훐웰떽쇋떼쿲뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ죋,풱릤퓚횰튵짏뗄횪쪶ꆢ벼쓜ꆢ쓜솦뇘탫쯦쪱룼탂,틔룺웤쪵,훊솿맜샭풭퓲뻟폐춨폃탔,늻뷶훊솿늿,웤쯻죎짏ퟩ횯뗄랢햹뫍뇤룯뗄늽랥ꆣ뫎튻룶늿쏅뗄릤ퟷ훊솿뚼믡늻춬돌뛈펰쿬닺욷뗄훊솿,쯹틔춬쪱,풱릤돖탸룄뷸릤ퟷ맽돌튲쫇ꆰ쇣좱쿝맜샭ꆱ뗄뇘웤쯻늿쏅튲뿉틔닉폃룃풭퓲횸떼놾늿쏅뗄릤ퟷꆣ좻튪쟳ꆣ훊솿맜샭듳쪦뿋샍쮹뇈죏캪,ꆰ쇣좱쿝맜샭ꆱ뗄뫋믹폚듋,췪짆짏룚틽떼뗄랽램횮튻,쫇붫릤ퟷ훊솿맜샭탄쫇튪쟳쎿룶죋뗚튻듎뻍냑쫂쟩ퟶ뛔,뻍쫇튪쟳풱릤릤ퟷ훊풭퓲엠통쓉죫죋솦풴늿뗄짏룚틽떼뗄쓚죝ꆣ놾컄붫냋쿮훊솿뗄쇣좱쿝,쳥쿖퓚풱릤뛔쎿튻맽돌뗄뿘훆떱훐ꆣ풱릤랽쏦솿맜샭풭퓲헻뫏캪쯄쿮릤ퟷ훊솿풭퓲,ퟷ캪엠통쓚죝,틔웚튪뷓쫜쓚늿릩랽쳡릩뗄닺욷쫤죫,쇭튻랽쏦폖튪룸쓚늿맋뿍엗틽폱ꆣ쳡릩볓릤맽뗄닺욷쫤돶,ퟷ캪솬뷓랽뗄쫇풱릤뗄릤ퟷ맽돌ꆣ풭퓲1ꆡ붨솢뮥샻뗄쓚늿맋뿍뫍릩랽맘쾵튪쪹릤ퟷ훊솿뎯ퟅ쇣좱쿝뗄랽쿲싵뷸,풱릤튪냑컕틔쿂죽룶룹뻝ꆶISO9000:훊솿맜샭쳥쾵ꆪꆪꆪ믹뒡뫍쫵폯ꆷ,튻룶랽쏦쓚죝:ퟩ횯뗄맋뿍쫇횸뷓쫜닺욷뗄ퟩ횯믲룶죋,샽죧:쿻럑헟ꆢ캯1ꆢ냑컕훷튪릤ퟷ맽돌췐죋ꆢퟮ훕쪹폃헟ꆢ쇣쫛짌뗈ꆣ내헕좫쏦훊솿맜샭뗄맛뗣,쯼뗄쪵훊쫇횸풱릤뗄쪱볤맜샭ꆣ릤ퟷ훊솿폫쪱볤뗄맘쾵쿂튻뗀맽돌뻍쫇짏튻뗀맽돌뗄맋뿍ꆣ쿠펦뗘,릩랽쫇횸쳡릩럾듓8020풭퓲,20%뗄쪱볤ퟶ뗄80%뗄맘볼쫂쟩뒴퓬쇋닺욷뗄ퟩ횯뫍룶죋ꆣ샽죧:훆퓬짌ꆢ엺랢짌ꆢ쇣쫛짌ꆢ럾컱80%뗄볛횵,쇭췢뗄80%쪱볤ퟶ뗄20%뗄듎튪쫂쟩횻뒴퓬뫍탅쾢뗄쳡릩헟ꆣ쿔좻,맋뿍폫릩랽뛾헟뮥캪듦퓚뫍랢햹뗄쇋20%뗄볛횵ꆣ룷랽쏦쿠닮컞벸뗄풱릤퓋폃춬퇹뗄릤ퟷ쪱볤믹뒡,쫇쿠뛔뛸퇔뗄ꆣퟷ캪쒳쿮닺욷뗄뷓쫜헟,볗ퟩ횯믲룶살릤ퟷꆣ폐뗄풱릤튵벨ힿ훸,짮뗃룷벶훷맜뗄죏뿉;뛸폐뗄죋쫇틒ퟩ횯믲룶죋뗄맋뿍,뛸ퟷ캪쇭튻쿮닺욷뗄쳡릩헟,볗풱릤뗄튵벨좴ퟜ쫇쓑죧죋틢,닮뇰뻍퓚폚늻튻퇹뗄쪱볤맜ퟩ횯믲룶죋폖뿉쓜쫇틒ퟩ횯믲룶죋뗄릩랽ꆣ퓚쿖듺짧믡훐,샭ꆣ잰헟샻폃뫃쇋쓇20%뗄쪱볤ퟶ뫃쇋쓇80%뗄맘볼쫂쟩,벸뫵쎿튻룶ퟩ횯믲룶죋뚼쫇릩랽,폖뚼쫇맋뿍ꆣ뫳헟좴쎻폐ퟶ떽헢튻뗣ꆣ쯹틔,풱릤맜샭뫃ퟔ벺뗄쪱볤,힢퓚ퟩ횯훐,탂죋뗄쫗튪죎컱쫇쏷냗쮭쫇쯻뗄쓚늿맋뿍,틢낲업릤ퟷ폅쿈쮳탲,ꆰ튪뷴뗄쫂쿈ퟶꆱ,샻폃뫃쓇20%뗄쪱벴:쯻튪캪쮭럾컱ꆣ뛔폚튻룶돵뷸ퟩ횯뗄탂죋,쿂벶ꆢ짏벶볤뒦샭뫃쓇80%뗄쫂쟩,릤ퟷ돉릦쫇볾틢쇏횮훐뗄쫂쟩ꆣ훷맜뫍웤쯻늿쏅뚼쫇쯻뗄쓚늿맋뿍ꆣ뻟쳥살쮵,탂죋쿂벶튻2ꆢ뿘훆릤ퟷ맽돌뗄뷓뿚냣쫇닙ퟷ탍풱릤,뛔쯻쏇뷸탐뇘튪뗄벼쫵벼쓜횸떼;탂죋쫇퓚ퟩ횯훐쯼훷튪뇭쿖캪쓚늿릵춨ꆣ뷓쫜횸쇮,랢돶횸웤짏벶훷맜뗄쿂쫴횮튻,튪췪돉짏벶쿂듯뗄죎컱:ퟩ횯쫇평쇮,킭짌쫂쟩,뒦샭헹틩,뚼탨튪춬웤쯻죋랢짺뷓뒥,뚼탨뫜뛠쿠맘늿쏅ퟩ돉뗄,퓚튻룶ퟩ횯쓚,풱릤쯦쪱뿉쓜춬뇰뗄튪릵춨ꆣ퓚ퟩ횯훐,릵춨쓜솦죧뫎뛔맜샭뗄킧싊뫍뷡맻폐뫜늿쏅뗄뷓뿚죋솪쾵ꆣ듳뗄펰쿬ꆣ쳡룟릵춨뗄벼쟉,죧뿚춷뗄릵춨뗄벼쟉ꆢ컄ퟖ뗄풱릤틀듦폚쯻뗄쓚늿맋뿍ꆣ죧맻풱릤쳡릩쇋쓚늿맋뿍탨릵춨뗄벼쟉ꆢ믡틩뗄릵춨뗄벼쟉뗈뗈,뛔풱릤뚼쫇뫜훘튪튪뗄닺욷(믲럾컱),룶죋뗄탨튪튲쓜뗃떽싺ퟣꆣ짏벶탨튪뗄ꆣ룸쿂벶쳡릩죎컱럖엤ꆢ벼쫵횸떼,싺ퟣ쯻쏇쟳횪뗄탨튪ꆢ랢3ꆢ폅뮯릤ퟷ맽돌믓닅쓜뗄탨튪ꆢ쿭쫜좨샻뗄탨튪,맘탄뫍낮뮤쯻쏇,벤랢쯻뻍쫇횸퓋폃폅뮯춳돯뗄쮼쿫,쯦쪱볬쳖릤ퟷ맽돌ꆣퟩ횯쏇뗄믽벫탔,쫷솢쯻쏇뗄ퟔퟰ탄,ퟔ벺췹쿂쏦췆탐뗄릤ퟷ닅뗄릤ퟷ쇷돌폀풶뚼늻뿉쓜쫇ퟮ폅뮯뗄,룴튻뛎쪱볤탨튪살룶쓜쮳샻췪돉ꆣ떱짏벶훷맜룸풱릤늼훃릤ퟷ죎컱쪱,풱릤튪샭쇷돌퓙퓬ꆣ풱릤ퟔ짭뗄릤ퟷ맽돌춬퇹죧듋,탨뎣뎣볲뮯ꆢ뗷뷢훷맜탨튪뗄뺿뺹쫇튻룶쪲쎴퇹뗄뷢뻶랽낸,뛸늻뷶뷶뻖쿞헻ꆣ퓚횪쪶뺭볃뗄뷱쳬,릤ퟷ킧싊뗄쳡룟,늻퓙떥뾿풱릤뗄폚죎컱놾짭ꆣ춬퇹뗘,춬웤쯻늿쏅뷸탐솪쾵쪱,튲튪쳡릩죧쟚럜,룼훘튪뗄쫇ퟷ튵맽돌뗄폅뮯짨볆,폃ퟮ뛌뗄쪱볤췪돉틢뗄닺욷뫍럾컱ꆣ뇈죧,ퟷ캪튻룶닉릺릤돌쪦,쯻뗄쓚늿맋튪ퟶ뗄쫂쟩,틔뎬돶쓚늿믲췢늿맋뿍뗄웚췻ꆣ뿍쫇뷸쇏볬퇩릤돌쪦,쯻펦룃쳡릩뗄닺욷뻍쫇ힼ쪱뷸럻뫏맦풭퓲3ꆡ릤ퟷ뗄쾵춳쮼뾼랽램룱뗄풭닄쇏,죧맻폐욫닮탨벰쪱춬릩펦짌ꆢ짺닺쿟솪쾵,쳡쾵춳쫇횸평쿠뮥솪쾵ꆢ쿠뮥ퟷ폃뗄죴룉튪쯘뷡뫏뛸돉돶뻀헽듫쪩ꆣퟜ횮,떱탂죋쫊펦쇋ퟩ횯뗄뮷뺳,쇋뷢쓚늿맋뗄ꆢ뻟폐쳘뚨릦쓜뗄폐믺헻쳥ꆣ쯼늻뛏뗘뫍췢뷧뷸탐컯훊뫍뿍뗄탨쟳뫍웚췻,내쪱놣훊췪돉쇋룷쿮죎컱,뻍믡뗃떽횰튵쓜솿뗄붻뮻뛸캬돖튻훖컈뚨뗄ힴ첬ꆣ죧듋쮵살,튻룶ퟩ횯ꆢ뗄낲좫룐ꆢ쯻죋뗄ퟰ훘뫍돉뎤뗄샖좤,틔벰솼뫃뗄벨킧뾼움튻룶늿쏅ꆢ튻룶릥맘킡ퟩ,뚼쫇튻룶쾵춳ꆣ튻떩퓚릤ퟷ훐폶뷡맻ꆣ떽쓑쳢,훃폫웤훐뗄쎿튻룶돉풱뚼펦뷸탐쾵춳쮼뾼ꆣ쓚늿맋뿍춬쓚늿릩랽뗄뷇즫쫇쿠뛔뗄,퓚늻춬쟩뿶쿂뿉ퟷ캪ꆶ뗚컥쿮탞솶ꆪꆪꆪ톧쾰탍ퟩ횯뗄틕쫵뫍쪵컱ꆷ튻쫩틔뮻ꆣ떱웤쯻쿠맘랽룸탂죋쳡릩쇋닺욷,웤쯻쿠맘랽뻍돉훐쳡떽뗄ퟮ뫋탄벼쓜,쾵춳쮼뾼쫇룶죋춨맽늻뛏뗄릤ퟷ뫍톧쇋쓚늿릩랽,탂죋뻍돉쇋쓚늿맋뿍ꆣ퓚ퟩ횯훐,늿쏅폫늿쏅쾰좥탞솶뗄튻쿮쯘훊뫍쓜솦,횵뗃쯹폐탂죋폃탄쳥믡ꆣ내헕횮볤뗄릤ퟷ쫇튻뮷뷓튻뮷뗄,쎿룶죋뗄튵벨뚼폫쯻죋뗄튵벨쾵춳쮼뾼뗄튪쟳좥뾪햹릤ퟷ,뻍펦뾴떽웤훐뗄ퟩ돉늿럖(풪쫇뷴쏜솪쾵퓚튻웰뗄,탂죋뿉틔듓폫쓚늿릩랽뗄뫏ퟷ훐믱뗃쯘믲헟ퟓ쾵춳),뮹튪뾴떽헢킩ퟩ돉늿럖횮볤뗄쿠뮥ퟷ폃,룼뛠벼쫵뫍맜샭뺭퇩,듓뛸쪹ퟔ벺뗃틔ퟮ뿬뗄쯙뛈돉뎤ꆣ늢틔ퟜ쳥뗄뷇뛈냑쾵춳뗄죋ꆢ컯ꆢ쓜솿ꆢ탅쾢볓틔뒦샭뫍킭풭퓲2ꆡ돖탸룄뷸릤ퟷ맽돌뗷ꆣ뻟쳥살붲,쾵춳쮼뾼폐틔쿂죽뗣믹놾튪쟳탨튪헆컕:쯦ퟅ뺭볃짺믮뷚ퟠ뗄볓뿬,ퟩ횯뗄뺺헹뛔쫖뗄튵벨늻뛏1ꆢ헻쳥쮼뾼룄뷸,ퟩ횯뗄췢늿맋뿍뛔닺욷훊솿뗄튪쟳튲훰죕쳡룟ꆣ캪쇋평폚ퟩ횯쪵탐늿쏅럖릤뗄풭틲,풱릤놻튪쟳돐떣릤ퟷ횰펦뛔헢튻쟩뿶,ퟩ횯뇘탫랴펦쏴뷝,쳡릩폐뺺헹솦뗄닺욷,퓰랶캧쓚뗄릤ퟷ,죧ퟩ횯폃ꆰ릤ퟷ쏨쫶ꆱ살맦뚨릤ퟷ횰퓰뫍ꆪ84ꆪ
랶캧ꆣ뻃뛸뻃횮,풱릤뻍믡탎돉만쫘놾횰릤ퟷ뗄맛쓮,뛸뛔틽떼룸탂죋뗄탅쾢솿뷏듳,떫폖쎻폐튻룶훘뗣,쪹탂죋닺짺웤쯻늿쏅좱랦퓰죎ꆣ뫜뛠쪱뫲컊쳢뚼돶퓚풱릤뗄놾캻훷틥튻뚨뗄톹틖룐ꆣ붫쳥쿖돶ퟩ횯컄뮯뗄릤ퟷ훊솿맜샭풭퓲틽뷸짏,쯻쏇룼뛠뗘힢틢ퟔ벺늿쏅뗄샻틦ꆢ룶죋뗄샻틦,뛸늻뾼짏룚틽떼횮훐,춻돶쇋릤ퟷ뗄뾪햹랽쪽,룸탂죋튻룶듓죝펦싇ퟩ횯헻쳥뗄샻틦ꆣ뇈죧,랢짺닺욷훊솿폫짺닺뷸뛈뗄럖웧뛔릤ퟷ뗄랽쿲룐,퓚떱잰뻍쿔뗃쪮럖뷴웈ꆣ쪱,뛔폚짺닺훆퓬늿뗄풱릤살쮵,죧맻떥듓놾늿쏅뾼싇,늻ퟷ캪튻룶ퟩ횯,죧뫎췆탐릤ퟷ훊솿맜샭풭퓲쓘?춼1햹내헕볈뚨뗄훊솿튪쟳살뒦샭,컾짼훊솿틔쟳쫽솿,뻍믡퓬돉쪾쇋튻훖춨폃뗄늽훨,ퟩ횯퓚췆탐룃풭퓲뗄맽돌훐튪ퟅ훘냑퇏훘뫳맻ꆣ컕틔튻쿂벸룶랽쏦:2ꆢ뚯첬쮼뾼죎뫎튻볾쫂쟩뚼쫇퓚뚯첬쾵춳훐췪돉뗄,뻍탨튪늻뛏뗘짳뫋ퟩ횯짏룚죧쫇,쫇럱틲캪죧쫇,뗷닩ퟩ뗷뷚,틔쫊펦탂뗄쟩뿶ꆣ틔톧쾰캪샽,퓚ퟩ횯톡울풱릤뗄쪱틽떼쫇럱췪짆⊥릤ퟷ횸떼늻ퟣ⊥횯컄뮯뫍릤ퟷ⊥뫲,믡뾼싇탂죋뗄톧샺;떱탂죋뷸죫ퟩ횯틔뫳,뇈뗄뻍쫇톧쾰뗄쓜솦,죴늻쓜늻뛏뗘톧쾰늢헆컕ퟮ탂뗄횪쪶,뫜뿬뻍믡좷뚨릤ퟷ쇐죫돌탲캪ퟩ횯쯹쳔청ꆣ풭퓲쓚죝⊥컄볾⊥횴탐3ꆢ놾훊쮼뾼춼1ꆡ릤ퟷ훊솿맜샭풭퓲췆탐늽훨릤ퟷ쫇평쿠맘튪쯘ퟩ돉,헢킩튪쯘쫇내헕튻뚨뷡릹ퟩ돉1ꆢ뷡뫏ퟔ짭ퟩ횯컄뮯,짨훃쫊뫏놾ퟩ횯뗄릤ퟷ훊솿맜쇋헻룶릤ퟷ샭풭퓲ꆣ늻춬샠탍뗄ퟩ횯,폐늻춬뗄ퟩ횯컄뮯,릤ퟷ랽쪽짏,ꆰ뷡릹횧엤탐캪뗄놾훊ꆱꆣ횻폐죏쟥릤ퟷ뗄뷡릹,닅쓜볈뾴쿖쿳,룼춸맽쿖쿳뾴놾훊,헦헽냑컕힡릤ퟷ뗄뻍믡폐뫜듳닮틬ꆣ뇈죧,뮪쇺벯췅뻍룹뻝놾웳튵뗄쳘뗣,짨뫋탄ꆣ뻝듋훃쇋ힼ좷탔ꆢ쪱볤탔ꆢ뺭볃탔ꆢ폐킧탔ꆢ훷뚯탔ꆢ럾컱탔ꆢ,풱릤룄짆늻솼릤ퟷ뻍믡룼폐랽쿲ꆣ풭퓲4ꆡ폃쫂쪵뫍쫽뻝캪뻶닟틀뻝컄쏷탔뫍낲좫탔뗈냋쿮좫풱릤ퟷ훊솿풭퓲ꆣ쯻쏇죏캪,폐킩쯹캽뻶닟,뻍쫇쏦뛔벸훖랽낸,뻶뚨닉좡쓄튻훖랽낸뗄늿쏅쯤좻늻횱뷓펰쿬닺욷훊솿,떫좴펰쿬ퟅ웳튵뗄웤쯼릤탐캪ꆣ죧맻랽낸놾짭늻쫇믹폚쫂쪵뗄,벴뇣쫇뫜췪놸뗄뫜욯ퟷ,쪵훊짏튲쫇펰쿬ퟅ닺욷뗄훊솿ꆣ샽죧웳튵뗄헾훎쮼쿫릤쇁뗄ퟷꆢ뷌폽엠통릤ퟷ벰뫳쟚놣헏릤ퟷ뗈,컞튻늻맘쾵ퟅ쳡룟죋,떫죧맻톡퓱쇋쯼튲믡듸살늻샻뷡맻ꆣ뛔탂죋뛸퇔,짦벰뗄룼뛠쫇죕뎣튵컱탍뻶닟,웤틀뻝쫇풱릤헆컕뗄쫂쪵뫍쫽뗄쯘훊믲뗷뚯죋뗄믽벫탔,뛸죋뗄쯘훊폫믽벫탔폖횱뷓ퟷ폃뻝ꆣ폚닺욷훊솿ꆣ쿔좻,뛔좫풱탔뗄잿뗷뻍쳥쿖쇋뮪쇺벯췅뗄ퟩ믹폚쫂쪵뗄뻶닟뿉틔뇜쏢ퟷ뻶닟틀뻝뗄솽룶벫뛋랢짺ꆣ횯컄뮯쳘헷ꆣ튻룶벫뛋쫇2ꆢ붫훆뚨뗄풭퓲쇐죫죋솦풴늿뗄풱릤틽떼쓚죝,늢,뻶닟췪좫틀뾿ퟔ벺퓚킣풰훐톧떽뗄횪쪶뫍짙탭뛔ퟩ횯뗄죏쪶ꆣ훐맺듳톧뇏튵짺퓚킣벸쓪톧쾰뗄횪쪶뫜뛠실킴죫쫴폚죋솦풴늿뗄돌탲컄볾엠통늿럖뗄뢽슼,쪹횮뎣첬뫳폚쪱듺뗄탨튪,뗧ퟓ샠톧짺뚼쎻폐ퟔ뚯닥볾벼쫵뗄쟗짭쳥뮯ꆣ쟒쯦ퟅퟩ횯뗄랢햹뫍컄뮯뇤잨,늻뛏탞헽릤ퟷ훊솿맜샭퇩뗄풭퓲,뷸탐돌탲컄볾뗄냦놾룼탂ꆣ쎻폐튻쿮풭퓲폀풶쫊폃,뇈뇈뷔쫇ꆣ뛸튻떩쯻쏇뷸죫ퟩ횯,뻍뇘탫톸쯙헆컕ퟩ횯쿖쪱뗄벼쫵ꆢ맜샭ힴ뿶뫍쫐뎡쟩탎,럱퓲뻍믡닺짺뫜뛠릤ퟷ튻룶ퟩ횯,횻폐쫊쪱뗘룄뇤,ퟩ횯뗄퓋ퟷ닅믡폐믮솦ꆣ돥춻ꆣ쇭튻룶벫뛋쫇3ꆢ퓚통솷뗄맽돌훐,엠통풱뿉틔뷸탐붫붲쫚램폫낸샽,퓚좺쳥톹솦쿂,풱릤뗄뻶닟쫜떽듓훚뗄펰쿬ꆣ죋쫇룹뻝ퟔ벺헆컕뗄탅쾢뷸탐뻶닟닉좡탐뚯뗄뷌톧ꆢ뷇즫냧퇝뷡뫏쪹폃,틔믱뗃뷏뫃뗄엠통킧맻ꆣ붫뫜뛠,뛸튻떩죋뷸죫좺쳥뫳,좺쳥뻍돉쇋헢룶죋ퟮ훷튪뗄ꆢퟮ횱뷓뗄룶탂죋릤ퟷ훐믡돶쿖뗄헦쪵뎡뺰틽죫뷌톧훐,웴랢탂죋뮻탅쾢살풴ꆣ떱탂죋뷸죫ퟩ횯돵웚,룶죋뗄튵컱벼쫵ꆢ맜샭벼쮼캬랽쪽,풤쿈냧퇝놾횰뷇즫ꆣ틔붲뷢ꆰ붨솢뮥샻뗄쓚늿맋쫵랽쏦뗄탅쾢뫜짙,쓜캪ퟩ횯죏춬뗄늿럖룼짙,캪쇋믱좡쯻뿍폫릩랽맘쾵ꆱ헢튻풭퓲캪샽,엠통풱뿉틔톡좡ퟩ횯쓚랢짺죋뷓쓉죏춬맽뗄쓜쳥쿖룃풭퓲쓚몭뗄낸샽뷸탐웊컶,죧맻뻵뗃폐뇘튪,,ퟶ돶뗄뻶닟췪좫쫇쯻죋뛔쫂볾뗄샭뷢,벴쪹폐ퟔ벺뗄샭뷢,떫쫇평폚떣탄놻뇰죋럱뻶,뛸늻룒뇭듯돶ퟔ벺엠통풱뫍엠통킡ퟩ돉풱붫웤쿖뎡뇭퇝돶살,탂죋뻍쓜쇋뷢떽뗄쿫램ꆣퟔ벺뗄탐캪뛔쯻죋뗄펰쿬,틔뫳룃죧뫎탐쫂ꆣ풱릤퓚뛀솢뻶닟믲헟믡틩뻶닟횮잰,튪쫕벯ꆢ럖컶돤럖[닎뾼컄쿗]뗄쫂쪵뫍쫽뻝ퟷ캪틀뻝ꆣ헢킩쫂쪵뫍쫽뻝뿉틔틔놨룦믲뇭룱\[1\]쏀\[]볓샯ꆤ뗂쮹샕.죋솦풴맜샭(뗚쇹냦)\[M\].뗄탎쪽뇭쿖돶살,햹쪾룸뻶닟뗄쿠맘랽ꆣ죃풱릤헢퇹ퟶ,훁훐맺죋쏱듳톧돶냦짧PrenticeHall돶냦릫쮾,.짙폐솽룶뫃뒦,튻쫇뿉틔엠퇸풱릤첤쪵뗄릤ퟷ첬뛈;뛾쫇풱\[2\]PeronJones.컷쏅ퟓ:뇤룯쫀뷧훐뗄웳튵햽싔쇬떼릤뿉틔헦헽뗘펮뗃쯻죋뗄ퟰ훘,뇜쏢틔짏솽훖벫뛋쟩뿶뗄랢솦\[J\].훐맺훊솿,2003,(2).짺ꆣ\[3\]뛅쟛욽.싛쾵춳쮼뾼퓚웳튵맜샭훐뗄펦폃\[J\].짏죽ꆢ죧뫎췆탐릤ퟷ훊솿맜샭풭퓲몣웳튵,2002,(1).쿖쪵훐퇑뗣쮮쪽뗄짏룚틽떼,폃뫜뛌뗄쪱볤뷩짜늻돤\[4\]췵맺풪.ퟩ횯탐캪폫ퟩ횯맜샭\[J\].훐맺춳볆돶냦럖뗄탅쾢,쓑틔룸탂죋쇴쿂짮뿌펡쿳ꆣ뛸쏦쏦뻣떽쪽뗄짏룚짧,.[퓰죎뇠벭:뫺춤춤]ꆪ85ꆪ
