ֻ30जֻ3௹ ֹ ॓ ࿐ 2010୍06ᄅ SCIEN TIAGEOGRAPHICASINICA June,2010ࡾჷሱಖЌֹڭФэ߄หᆘٳ༅赵志平1,2,刘纪远1,邵全琴1(1.ᇏݓ॓࿐ჽֹ॓࿐აሧჷ࣮෮,Кࣘ100101;2.ᇏݓ॓࿐ჽ࣮ളჽ,Кࣘ100039)ᅋေ:ࠎႿᇏݓֹ০Ⴈ/ڭФဪۋٳো༢,০Ⴈ1970୍սᇏު௹a1980୍սଌa2004୍ބ2008୍4௹ဪۋཞٳ༅ࡾჷሱಖЌ࣍30aটֹڭФো૫ࠒэ߄aሇোࣥაږ؇ࠣ۲Ќ۲ಁҪሇোᆷඔэ߄หᆘ,ࢲݔіૼ:࣍30aট,Ҥֹሹ૫ࠒࣜਔ၂۱ᄹࡆ-ࡨഒ-ᄹࡆ֥ݖӱbሱಖЌ1970୍սᇏު௹ᇀ1980୍սଌބ1980୍սଌᇀ2004୍ֹڭФোэ߄ᇶေ൞Ҥֹڭۂ؇༯ࢆ,ֹڭФሹุഈऎႵሇҵ൝b࣍4aটҤֹ߄൝֤֞سᇅ,ն҆ٳ֥Ќބଽ҆۲ಁҪֹڭФႵሇݺ൝,ॖିა ܿ߃ ൌീႵܱbܱ Ս:ሇোᆷඔ;ሇোࣥ;ֹڭФ;ࡾჷᇏٳোݼ:S127 ໓ངѓ്:A ໓ᅣщݼ:1000-0690(2010)03-0415-06 ࡾჷֹ໊Ⴟౝҟۚჰתଲ,҆൞Ӊࡾaߛ2005୍ݓༀჽሙ ౝݚࡾჷሱಖЌފaনҞࡾնފੀ֥ؿჷֹ,Ⴕ ᇏඣෳ ᆭളЌބࡹഡሹุܿ߃ (༯໓ᇏࡥӫ ܿӫbߛފሹੀਈ֥%aӉࡾሹੀਈ֥25%ބ߃[1] )b ܿ߃ ᇏ18۱Ќູચྮaᇏํ-फনҞࡾሹੀਈ֥15%টሱᆃ၂ֹ[1]bࡾჷֹ۽aέୄઑౡaྒྒݚa୍Ќზᄵa؟ॖފa๙฿ފခa൞ൗࢸഈݚϙቋۚ૫ࠒቋն֥ۚҤࠣുֹתᇘaࡾ༆aϢᄽaυa֒౷a෬ࡆ-౷ઐފa۲ঘօٳ҃,္൞ള؟ဢྟࠢᇏٳֹ҃[2,3]bݓଽתaჿܞሷਙaᄽਲ਼-شਲ਼aݔሷଡҰaઑॖފЌ࿐ᆀ୍࣍টؓࡾჷֹള༢࣮іૼ,࣍,ሹ૫ࠒղ 10km2(1)bЌՖཟ30aটࡾჷֹܴࣟॢࡗ۬अႿෞ߄ބ؟ຓٳູނྏ(۬Ќთ)aߏԊ(ᇗׄЌဢ߄[4],ۚݥҤჰaۚݥҤ֥ڭۂ؇༯ࢆၛࠣᅴთ)aൌဒ(Ќބࣜႏཌྷ࡙ܤ֥თ)bᄶҤൿۄ߄൞ଽള༢ဆэ֥ᇶေཟ[5],ߛފჷaӉࡾჷअ୍ֹ҆NDVIࡨഒཁᇷ,Ҥֹ߄ᇗ[6],ଽളߌӻ࿃ذ߄bҤֹ߄ݖӱᇏႵሱಖၹ֥႕ཙ,ದোࠃ֥႕ཙఏᇶ֝ቔႨ[7]bჷଽുֹ૫ࠒࡨഒऎႵ௴ђ,ྟՎэ߄ათగ໑ཁᇷശۚႵܱ[8]bߛފჷ೬߄ӱ؇ၛ؇೬߄ູᇶ,୍࣍ট೬߄ֹॹઢ,೬߄ӱ؇ࣉ၂҄ࡆख[9,10]bਾࡀჹ֩ಪູࡾჷҤֹ߄֥۬अᄝ1970୍սᇏު௹ၘࠎЧྙӮ,1970୍սᇏު௹ᇀࣂҤֹ֥߄ݖӱ၂ᆰᄝ࿃ؿള,ሹุഈ҂թᄝ90୍սᇀࣂ1 ࡾჷֹ18۱Ќ֥ॢࡗٳ֥҃Ҥֹ߄ࠤखࡆ఼གྷའ[11]bൈ࣍30୍ট Locationsof18protectedregionsinthenatureࡾჷֹള༢۬अ໗קഒ,ള༢োэreserveofThreeRivers'SourceRegions߄ཌྷؓߏત[12]b൬۠ರ௹:2009-08-27;ྩרರ௹:2009-11-05ࠎࣁཛଢ:ݓࡅᇗׄࠎԤ࣮ؿᅚ࠹߃ཛଢ(973࠹߃-2009CB421105)aݓࡅ॓ᆦӪ࠹߃(2006BAC08B00)aᇏݓ॓࿐ჽ༆҆ྛ࠹߃ཛଢ(KZCX2-XB2-06-03)ሧᇹbቔᆀࡥࢺ:ᅵᆽ(1984-),ଳ,ࡾ༆ଲӄದ,Ѱൖ࣮ള,࣮ٚཟູగީэ߄ބֹڭФ/০Ⴈэ߄bE mai:lzhaozp@๙ቔᆀ:ഔಆౖ,୯,࣮ჴ,Ѱൖള֝ഽ,࣮ٚཟູGISႋႨაളྐ༏bE mai:lshaoqq@
416 ֹ ॓ ࿐ 30ज ֹڭФэ߄ቋିіղದোࠃֹؓіҪֹڭФඔऌ,ࡼ۲ЌшࢸބֹڭФןࡆ,༢֥႕ཙ[13~17]bቔᆀ০Ⴈࡾჷֹ20ളӮ4௹ሱಖЌଽ۲ЌނྏaߏԊބൗࡀ1970୍սᇏު௹(ࡥӫ70)a1980୍սଌ(ࡥൌဒֹڭФ100m 100mᅅ۬ඔऌ,ࣉ၂҄ӫ90)a2004୍(ࡥӫ04)ބ2008୍(ࡥӫ08)֥4֤֞ሱಖЌ1970୍սᇏު௹ᇀ1980୍սଌa௹ֹڭФোඔऌ,ٳ༅18۱Ќ(໓ᇏӫ1980୍սଌᇀ2004୍ބ2004~2008୍ֹڭФሱಖЌ)ࠣ۲Ќ۲ಁҪ1970୍սᇏު௹োሇোඔऌbႮႿ໓ང[18~20]ᇏֹ֥ڭФᇀ1980୍սଌ(ࡥӫ7090),1980୍սଌᇀ2004োႵུᄝЌಁҪଽ҂թᄝ,෮ၛࡼֹڭФ୍(ࡥӫ9004),ࠣ ܿ߃ ൌീު֥2004~2008୍ো݂ѩטᆜູ10ো(і1)b(ࡥӫ0408)ֹڭФো֥э߄หᆘ ٚم၇ऌഈඍٳোุ༢,ҐႨሇ၍इᆔم[5]ބሇ1 ඔऌაٚمোᆷඔ,টקਈ૭ඍ۲Ќ۲ಁҪֹڭФো ඔऌሇݺބሇҵ֥ӱ؇bؓၘקၬ֥10ᇕֹڭФো০Ⴈ1970୍սᇏު௹a1980୍սଌa2004୍οᅶ၂ק֥ളၩၬקࠩ,ѩಀԢ൳ದোࠃ႕ބ2008୍4௹ဪۋཞ,۴ऌਾࡀჹ֩[18~20]ิԛཙэ߄ࢠखਛܿੰ֥۶ֹ10ބंֹ50,֤֥ᇏݓֹ০Ⴈ/ֹڭФဪۋٳো༢,ࢲކ့֞8ᇕֹڭФো֥ളࠩљ(і2)bֹڭຓטҰದࠏࢌ֥ࢳၲٚمളӮࡾჷֹ1970Фোᄀࢤ࣍1ࠩ,ھڭФো֥ളၩၬᄀۚb୍սᇏު௹a1980୍սଌa2004୍ބ2008୍4௹і1 ࡾჷሱಖЌֹڭФোؓᅶіTable1 LookuptableoflandcovertypesinnaturereserveofThreeRiver sSourceRegionsщӫҕॉ໓ང[18~20]ᇏ֥щݼщӫҕॉ໓ང[18~20]ᇏ֥щݼ10۶ֹ12ݬֹ33֮ڭۂҤֹ33֮ڭۂҤֹ20ਟֹ21Ⴕਟֹa23ൿਟֹa24ఃਟֹ40ඣุაᅴᄶ41ފ౻a42ѻa43ඣ९ॠดa44ႥࣲѢԫ࿒ֹa46ฅֹa64ᅴᄶֹ22ܹ22ܹଡਟ50ंֹ51ӬᆓႨֹa52୪ըंׄa53ఃࡹഡႨֹ31ۚڭۂҤֹ31ۚڭۂ؇Ҥֹ60೬ֹaۥуაઊֹ61೬ֹa62ۥуa63ࡡֹa65ઊֹa66ઊെᇉֹ32ᇏڭۂҤֹ32ᇏڭۂ؇Ҥֹ67ߙ67ఃໃ০Ⴈ,ֹЇওۚݥߙ,ჰ֩і2 Ч࣮קၬֹ֥ڭФোളࠩљTable2 EcologicalgradesoflandcovertypesinthisarticleֹڭۂোඣุაᅴᄶਟֹܹۚڭۂҤֹᇏڭۂҤֹ֮ڭۂҤֹߙ೬ֹaۥуაઊֹളࠩљD1ࠩ2ࠩ3ࠩ4ࠩ5ࠩ6ࠩ7ࠩ8ࠩ ֹؓڭФোэ߄భުࠩљཌྷࡨ,ֹ֤֞ڭФሇোᆷඔ2 ࢲݔٳ༅(LandCoverChangeIndex) ֹڭФো૫ࠒࢲܒэ߄ [Aijk (Da-Db)]ࡾჷሱಖЌֹڭФোၛҤֹູᇶ,Lij=100%k (1)Aij2008୍ҤֹᅝሱಖЌሹ૫ࠒ֥%bఃi=1, ,18іൕ18۱Ќ;j=1,2,3іൕނྏᇏ֮ڭۂҤֹ૫ࠒቋն,ᅝሱಖЌሹ૫ࠒ֥aߏԊބൌဒ;k=1, ,nіൕֹڭФো%;ఃՑູۚڭۂҤ,ֹᅝ%;ᇏڭۂbAijkູଖЌଖಁҪֹڭФ၂Ցሇো֥૫Ҥֹᅝ%;೬ֹaۥуაઊֹᅝ%,ඣࠒ,AijູଖЌଖಁҪ૫ࠒ,Daູሇোభࠩљ,Dbุაᅴᄶᅝ%bఃֹڭФো૫ࠒཌྷູؓሇোުࠩљbLijіൕଖЌଖಁҪሇোᆷඔbࢠཬb࣍30aটҤֹሹ૫ࠒᄝ7090ൈ؍ັᄹקၬሇোᆷඔնႿ5іૼሇݺ൝ૼཁ;ሇোᆷඔࡆ%,ᄝ9004ൈ؍ࡨഒ%,࣍4aট૫ࠒ<-5іૼሇҵ൝ૼཁbᄹࡆ%,ໃղ֞90ൈ௹ඣbۚڭۂҤֹ
3௹ ᅵᆽ֩:ࡾჷሱಖЌֹڭФэ߄หᆘٳ༅ 4 17૫ࠒ၂ᆰᄝࡨഒ,࣍4aট૫ࠒࡨഒ֥൝֤֞ߏ ֹڭФሇোࣥٳ༅ࢳbᇏڭۂҤֹ૫ࠒᄝ7090ބ9004ൈ؍ࡨഒ,࣍ࡾჷሱಖЌ7090ൈ؍ۚڭۂaᇏڭۂ4aট૫ࠒႵᄹࡆ൝b֮ڭۂҤֹ૫ࠒᄝ7090ބ֮ڭۂҤֹֹڭФোэ߄ᇶေіགྷູڭۂൈ؍ᄹࡆ,ᄝ9004ൈ؍ࡨഒ,࣍4aট૫ࠒᄹࡆ؇༯ࢆ(і4)b֮ڭۂҤֹڭۂ؇ࣉ၂҄༯ࢆሇ൝ૼཁbඣุაᅴᄶ૫ࠒᄝ7090ބ9004ൈ؍ࡨэູ೬ֹaۥуაઊֹb೬ֹaۥуაઊֹᇶေሇഒ,࣍4aটႵᄹࡆ൝b೬ֹaۥуაઊֹ૫ࠒэູ֮ڭۂҤֹ,ږ؇ࢠཬbඣุაᅴᄶᇶေሇᄝ7090ބ9004ൈ؍ᄹࡆ,࣍4aটঔն൝֤֞эູۚڭۂҤֹ,ఃՑູ֮ڭۂҤֹa೬ֹaۥуაسᇅbఃֹڭФোႮႿ૫ࠒб২ࢠཬ,ֹઊֹބᇏڭۂҤֹbሹุഈ7090ൈ؍ࡾჷሱಖڭФোэ߄ؓᆜุ۬अ႕ཙٳັbЌֹڭФሇোэ߄ᇏᅴᄶۄދ,Ҥֹڭۂ؇і3 ࡾჷሱಖЌ۲ൈ௹ֹڭФো૫ࠒб২(%)Table3 AreaproportionsoflandcovertypesateachphaseinnaturereserveofThreeRiver sSourceRegions۶ֹაंֹਟֹܹۚڭۂҤֹᇏڭۂҤֹ֮ڭۂҤֹඣุაᅴᄶ೬ֹۥуაઊֹߙі4 ࡾჷሱಖЌ7090ൈ؍ֹڭФሇোࣥބږ؇Table4 Directionandextentoflandcovertransformfrommid late1970stolate1980sinnaturereserveofThreeRiver sSourceRegions7090ൈ؍ሇ၍۶ֹބб২(%)ंֹਟֹܹۚڭۂᇏڭۂ֮ڭۂඣุა೬ֹۥуҤֹҤֹҤֹᅴᄶაઊֹߙ۶ֹބंֹਟֹܹۚڭۂҤֹᇏڭۂҤֹ֮ڭۂҤֹඣุაᅴᄶ೬ֹۥуაઊֹߙ༯ࢆ൝ૼཁb֮ڭۂҤֹ(і6)b֮ڭۂބᇏڭۂҤֹڭۂ؇ ࡾჷሱಖЌ9004ൈ؍ᇏڭۂҤֹڭഈശૼཁ,ۚڭۂҤֹڭۂ؇༯ࢆಯಖ൞ڭФোۂ؇༯ࢆಯಖ൞ڭФো֥ᇶေሇэྙൔ(і5)bᇶေሇэྙൔbሹุഈु0408ൈ؍ࡾჷሱಖЌඣุაᅴᄶა7090ൈ؍ཌྷбሇোږ؇ᄹࡆ,ఃᇏֹڭФሇোэ߄ა9004ൈ؍ཌྷбҤֹڭۂᇶေሇэູۚڭۂҤ,ֹఃՑູ֮ڭۂҤֹbۚڭ؇ഈശ൝ૼཁ,ॖିა ܿ߃ ൌീႵܱbۂҤֹڭۂ؇༯ࢆಯಖ൞ڭФোᇶေሇэྙൔ, ֹڭФሇোᆷඔሇэູఃֹڭФো૫ࠒཌྷؓࢠഒb֮ڭۂֹ০Ⴈ/ڭФ؇[19,20]ିקਈ૭ඍֹҤֹб7090ൈ؍ሇোږ؇ᄹࡆ,ࣉ၂҄༯ࢆሇ০Ⴈ/ڭФэ߄ӱ؇,҂ିख़߂ֹڭФোээູ೬ֹaۥуაઊֹ൞ڭФো֥ᇶေሇэྙ߄֥ളၩၬbֹڭФሇোᆷඔᄵିܔקਈ૭ൔbሹุഈ9004ൈ؍ࡾჷሱಖЌֹڭФඍֹڭФোሇݺაሇҵ֥ӱ؇bሇোэ߄ა7090ൈ؍ཌྷбږ؇ᄹն,Ҥֹڭۂ؇ ࡾჷሱಖЌ7090ൈ؍ֹڭФሇোᆷ༯ࢆ൝ࡆ఼bඔູ,ሱಖЌֹڭФऎႵሇҵ൝ࡾჷሱಖЌ0408ൈ؍ֹڭФোሇ(2)bނྏaߏԊބൌဒ֥ሇোᆷඔٳљэႮႿൈࡗࢠ؋طሇোэ߄ږ؇ࢠཬbֹڭФູބ,۲ಁҪֹڭФऎሇোږ؇ቋն֥൞೬ֹaۥуაઊֹ,ᇶေሇэູႵሇҵ൝,ఃᇏނྏሇҵ൝ૼཁ,ॖି൞Ⴎ
418 ֹ ॓ ࿐ 30जі5 ࡾჷሱಖЌ9004ൈ؍ֹڭФሇোࣥބږ؇Table5 Directionandextentoflandcovertransformfromlate1980sto2004innaturereserveofThreeRiver sSourceRegions9004ൈ؍ሇ၍۶ֹބۂ֮ڭۂඣุა೬ֹंֹਟֹܹۚڭۂᇏڭۥуб২(%)ҤֹҤֹҤֹᅴᄶაઊֹߙ۶ֹބंֹਟֹܹۚڭۂҤֹᇏڭۂҤֹ֮ڭۂҤֹඣุაᅴᄶ೬ֹۥуაઊֹߙі6 ࡾჷሱಖЌ0408ൈ؍ֹڭФሇোࣥބږ؇Table6 Directionandextentoflandcovertransformin2004-2008innaturereserveofThreeRiver sSourceRegions0408ൈ؍ሇ၍۶ֹބб২(%)ंֹਟֹܹۚڭۂᇏڭۂ֮ڭۂඣุა೬ֹۥуҤֹҤֹҤֹᅴᄶაઊֹߙ۶ֹބंֹਟֹܹۚڭۂҤֹᇏڭۂҤֹ֮ڭۂҤֹඣุაᅴᄶ೬ֹۥуაઊֹߙᆷඔٳљູބ,іૼ۲ಁҪֹڭФऎႵሇݺ൝,ఃᇏނྏބߏԊሇݺ൝бߏԊૼཁ,ॖିა ܿ߃ ൌീႵܱb ࡾჷሱಖЌ7090ൈ؍ֹڭФሇোᆷඔູᆞ֥ЌႵ5۱,ֹڭФሇোᆷඔູڵ֥Ⴕ13۱Ќ(3)b۲Ќሇোᆷඔनᄝ[-5,5]ٓຶଽbࡾ༆a֒౷Ќ3۱ಁҪሇোᆷඔູ֥ᆞ,ఃᇏࡾ༆ЌߏԊሇোᆷඔնႿ5,ֹڭФሇݺ൝ૼཁb୍Ќზᄵaέୄઑౡaྒྒݚaᄽਲ਼-شਲ਼a؟ॖފaᇏํ-फ۽Ќ2 ࡾჷሱಖЌ۲ಁҪሇোᆷඔ3۱ಁҪሇোᆷඔູڵ,ֹڭФऎႵሇҵ Landcoverchangeindexofnaturereserve൝b୍ЌზᄵaέୄઑౡaྒྒݚaઑॖފaચྮandzonesinThreeRivers'SourceRegionsЌނྏބ୍Ќზᄵa؟ॖފЌߏԊሇႿނྏඣҤپૅ,ֹ֒ତᄝނྏ٢ତݖ؇bোᆷඔ<-5,ֹڭФሇҵ൝ૼཁb9004ൈ؍ሱಖЌሇোᆷඔູ,ֹڭ ࡾჷሱಖЌ9004ൈ؍ሇোᆷඔູᆞ֥ФऎႵሇҵ൝,ა7090ൈ௹ཌྷбሇҵ൝ࡆ఼bЌᆺႵ1۱;ሇোᆷඔູڵ֥Ⴕ16۱Ќ,ఃᇏނྏaߏԊބൌဒሇোᆷඔٳљູԢ୍Ќზᄵຓ,ఃჅ15۱ЌނྏaߏԊބ,۲ಁҪֹڭФሇҵބൌဒֹڭФሇোᆷඔູڵ(4)bఃᇏྒ൝ࠎЧཌྷ֒,ሇҵ൝఼Ⴟ7090ൈ௹b0408ྒݚЌނྏބߏԊaέୄઑౡЌނྏൈ؍ሱಖЌሇোᆷඔູ,іૼֹڭФaࡾ༆ЌߏԊaᄽਲ਼-شਲ਼ЌߏԊऎႵሇݺ൝,ఃᇏނྏaߏԊބൌဒሇোބൌဒሇোᆷඔ<-5,ֹڭФሇҵ൝ૼཁb
3௹ ᅵᆽ֩:ࡾჷሱಖЌֹڭФэ߄หᆘٳ༅ 4 193 ۲Ќ۲ಁҪ7090ൈ؍ሇোᆷඔ5 ۲Ќ۲ಁҪ0408ൈ؍ሇোᆷඔ Landcoverchangeindexof18protectedregionsandtheirzonesfrommid late1970stolate1980sinandtheirzonesin2004-2008innaturereservenaturereserveofThreeRivers'SourceRegionsofThreeRivers'SourceRegionsࠒ၂ᆰᄝࡨഒ,࣍4aটࡨഒ൝֤֞ߏࢳbᇏڭۂҤֹ࣍4aট૫ࠒႵᄹࡆ൝b֮ڭۂҤֹ૫ࠒሹุᄝᄹࡆ,࣍4a૫ࠒᄹࡆੱࡆॹbඣุაᅴᄶ૫ࠒᄝ7090ൈ؍ބ9004ൈ؍၂ᆰᄝࡨഒ,࣍4aট૫ࠒႵ෮ᄹࡆ,ॖିა ܿ߃ ൌീႵܱbሱಖЌ7090ൈ؍ۚڭۂaᇏڭۂa֮ڭۂҤֹ֥ڭۂ؇༯ࢆ൞ڭФো֥ᇶေሇэྙൔb9004ൈ؍ֹڭФሇোэ߄ა7090ൈ؍ཌྷර,ږ؇ᄹնb0408ൈ؍ሹุഈҤֹڭۂ؇ഈശૼཁ,ֹڭФሇݺ൝ૼཁb೬ֹaۥуაઊֹ࣍4 ۲Ќ۲ಁҪ9004ൈ؍ሇোᆷඔ4aট૫ࠒႵࡨഒ൝ Landcoverchangeindexof18protectedregionsሱಖЌ࣍30aֹڭФэ߄ࣜਔ၂۱andtheirzonesfromlate1980sto2004innaturereserveofThreeRivers'SourceRegionsሇҵ(ނྏ൝ૼཁ)-ሇҵ൝ࡆ఼(۲ಁҪ൝ཌྷ֒ࡆ఼)-ሇݺ(ނྏaߏԊ൝ࢠ ࡾჷሱಖЌ0408ൈ؍ֹڭФሇোᆷ఼)֥ݖӱb7090ൈ؍ֹڭФऎႵሇҵ൝,3ඔູᆞ֥ЌႵ9۱,ֹڭФሇোᆷඔູڵ֥۱ಁҪऎႵሇҵ൝,ఃᇏނྏሇҵ൝ཌྷؓႵ6۱Ќ(5)b๙฿ފaתᇘЌ3۱ಁૼཁbࡾ༆ބ֒౷Ќ۱ಁҪऎႵሇݺ൝;Ҫሇোᆷඔູ֥ڵ,ྒྒݚaᄽਲ਼-شਲ਼Ќ୍Ќზᄵaέୄઑౡaྒྒݚaᄽਲ਼-شਲ਼a؟ॖ3۱ಁҪሇোᆷඔູ֥ᆞ,ఃᇏྒྒݚЌފaᇏํ-फ۽Ќ۱ಁҪऎႵሇҵ൝bނྏބߏԊሇোᆷඔնႿ5,ֹڭФሇݺ9004ൈ؍ֹڭФሇҵ൝б7090ൈ؍ᄹ఼,۲൝ૼཁ,ॖିა ܿ߃ ൌീႵܱbಁҪֹڭФሇҵ൝ࠎЧཌྷ֩,б7090ൈ؍3ᄹ఼bԢ۬ঘօתaתᇘބ୍Ќზᄵຓ,ఃჅЌ ࢲંބษં3۱ಁҪֹڭФऎႵሇҵ൝b0408ൈ؍ࡾჷሱಖЌֹڭФၛҤֹູᇶ,ఃֹڭФऎႵሇݺ൝,ఃᇏނྏބߏԊሇݺ૫ࠒࢠն֥ڭФোູ೬ֹaۥуაઊֹބඣุა൝бൌဒ఼,ॖିა ܿ߃ ൌീႵܱbྒྒᅴᄶ,ఃჅֹڭФো૫ࠒᅝሱಖЌሹ૫ࠒݚaᄽਲ਼-شਲ਼Ќ3۱ಁҪֹڭФऎႵб২ཌྷؓࢠཬb࣍30aটሱಖЌҤֹ૫ࠒࣜሇݺ൝,ఃᇏྒྒݚЌނྏބߏԊֹਔ၂۱ᄹࡆ-ࡨഒ-ᄹࡆ֥ݖӱ,2008୍ҤڭФሇݺ൝ૼཁbֹሹ૫ࠒໃղ֞1980୍սଌඣbۚڭۂҤֹ૫
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