뗚28뻭뗚1웚볆쯣믺펦폃ꆡ쓪1퓂ꆡ컄헂뇠뫅:1001-9081(2008)01-0108-04믹폚쮫닣퇝뮯뗄뛠죋쟴춽늩?퇐뺿퇮ꆡ돇,쯯쫀탂(뗧ퟓ뿆벼듳톧볆쯣믺뿆톧폫릤돌톧풺,돉뚼610054)(@)햪ꆡ튪:헫뛔뒫춳뗄뛠죋훘뢴쟴춽늩?(NIPD)쓑틔퓚듳N횵쪱펿쿖룟뫏ퟷ싊뗄컊쳢뷸탐퇐뺿,럖컶쇋NIPD쒣탍퓚ퟔ평뺺헹쒣쪽뫍킭틩뺺헹쒣쪽쿂뗄늩?쟩뿶,샠뇈22IPD컊쳢뗄ꆰ헫럦쿠뛔ꆱ닟싔(TFT),쳡돶쇋ꆰ샠TFTꆱ뗄닟싔쮼쿫,늢뷡뫏킭춬뷸뮯뗄샭싛,쳡돶Agent벰웤뻛벯쳥Group럖닣퇝뮯뗄쮼쿫,붨솢쇋쮫닣퇝뮯뗄럂헦쒣탍DL2NIPDꆣ쪵퇩뷡맻뇭쏷,ퟔ평뺺헹쒣쪽횻쫊뫏킡N횵뗄뫏ퟷ,튪듓룹놾짏놣횤죎뫎N횵쿂쾵춳뚼쓜펿쿖뫜룟뗄뫏ퟷ싊,뇘탫붨솢웰쮫닣뗄퇝뮯쒣쪽,춨맽쿔쪽뗄킭틩뫍췅뛓뗄뺺헹,살듙뷸캢맛훷쳥뗄뫏ퟷꆣ맘볼듊:뛠죋쟴춽늩?;킭춬뷸뮯;쮫닣퇝뮯쒣탍훐춼럖샠뫅:ꆡꆡ컄쿗뇪횾싫:ADouble2layerevolutionarymodelforN2playeriteratedprisonerpisdilemmaYANGCheng,SUNShi2xin(CollegeofComputerScienceandEngineering,UniversityofElectronicScience&TechnologyofChina,ChengduSichuan610054,China)Abstract:ConcerningtheproblemthatcooperationinN2playerIteratedPrisonerpisDilemma(NIPD)ishardtoemergewhenNisgreat,"TitforTat"in22IPD,itpromotedthestrategy"SimulatedTFT".Andcombiningthetheoriesofco2evolution,itbuiltupadouble2layerevolutionarymodel,DL2NIPD,inwhichplayersandtheiraggregations,groups,,underthefreecompetitioncase,cooperationisusuallyeasiertoemergeinasmallgroupofplayerthaninalargerone,whiledependingonthestraight2agreementandcompetitionofgroups,:N2playerIteratedPrisonerpisDilemma(NIPD);co2evolution;double2layerevolutionarymodelꆡꆡ쟴춽삧뺳컊쳢늩?싛훐뺭뗤뗄랶샽횮튻,뛔헢룶컊쳢뗄Defection;f(a|k)뇭쪾룶쳥i뗄쫕틦몯쫽,벴떱웤쯻훷쳥훐ii퇐뺿짦벰뺭볃톧ꆢ짧믡톧ꆢ헜톧ꆢ쫽톧ꆢ죋릤훇쓜뗈맣랺뗄쇬폐k(k=0,1,ꆭ,N-1)죋톡퓱C쪱,룶쳥i톡퓱a뗄쫕틦ꆣi폲ꆣ뛠죋훘뢴쟴춽늩?(NIPD)쫇웤훐튻샠뇈뷏뢴퓓뗄컊쳢,늢쟒,f(a|k)탫싺ퟣ죧쿂뗄3쳵싛볙짨:ii쯼쫇뛔뺭뗤뗄쮫죋떥듎쟴춽늩?뫍쮫죋훘뢴쟴춽늩?1)f(D|k)>f(C|k);ii(22IPD)뗄삩햹,룼뻟쿖쪵탔뫍맣랺탔,쪵볊짺믮훐뗄탭뛠쫂2)f(C|N-1)>f(D|0);ii샽,죧듳맸랹컊쳢ꆢ뛠맑춷쫐뎡뗄뚨볛컊쳢ꆢ릫릲쓁뎡뗄맽뛉3)f(C|k)뫍f(D|k)뚼쫇k뗄퓶몯쫽ꆣii럅쓁컊쳢,뗈뗈,뚼뿉틔돩쿳캪NIPD컊쳢ꆣ웤훐:싛볙짨1뇭쪾뛔떥튻훷쳥뛸퇔,컞싛웤쯻훷쳥뗄톡퓱뛔NIPD컊쳢뗄퇐뺿,훷튪벯훐퓚NIPD쒣탍쫇럱쓜릻펿죧뫎,톡D뗄쫕틦튻뚨듳폚톡C;싛볙짨2뇭쪾좫쳥톡C뗄쿖뫏ퟷ,죧뫎펿쿖,틔벰뫏ퟷ쫇럱컈뚨뗈컊쳢짏ꆣ쯤좻톧헟쏇쫕틦듳폚좫쳥톡D뗄쫕틦;싛볙짨3뇭쪾컞싛ퟔ짭죧뫎톡뎢쫔쇋뛠훖룄뷸뗄NIPD쒣탍,죧믹폚늻춬쫕틦몯쫽뗄퓱,쫕틦뚼폫뫏ퟷ뗄ퟜ죋쫽헽쿠맘ꆣNIPD[1]ꆢ믹폚킭짌믺훆뗄NIPD[2]ꆢ믹폚쇚폲퇝뮯뗄NIPD[3]뒫춳뗄NIPD쒣탍,캢맛훷쳥횻뾼싇웤쯻훷쳥뗄탐캪,훷뗈,떫뚼뷶뷶퓚N횵뷏킡(Nꇜ8)쪱쓜릻돶쿖뇈뷏쏷쿔뗄뫏쳥횮볤볈쎻폐펲탔ꆰ킭틩ꆱ뗄풼쫸,튲쎻폐뗚죽랽믺릹뗄볠ퟷ,쯦ퟅN횵뗄퓶볓,룶쳥볤뗄ퟔ랢뫏ퟷ풽살풽삧쓑,떽뫳살뚽,컒쏇돆헢훖늩?랽쪽캪NIPD뗄ꆰퟔ평뺺헹쒣쪽ꆱꆣ벸뫵퓙쓑틔돶쿖듳맦쒣뗄뫏ퟷꆣ놾컄쫔춼뛔헢튻쿖쿳뷸탐짮잰죋뗄퇐뺿뇭쏷,퓚ퟔ평뺺헹쒣쪽쿂,쾵춳늻쓜펿쿖룟뫏죫퇐뺿,늢뷨훺ꆰ킭춬뷸뮯ꆱ뗄샭싛붨솢튻룶쮫닣뗄늩?쒣ퟷ싊ꆣ뛔폚룃쿖쿳,튻룶뇈뷏뎣볻뗄뷢쫍쫇:폫22IPD쿠뇈,탍:볈폐뗗닣룶쳥횮볤뗄횱뷓늩?,폖폐룶쳥뗄뻛벯쳥ꆪꆪꆪNIPD훐룶쳥탐캪뗄ퟷ폃뛔쿳쫇튻룶좺쳥뛸럇떥튻룶쳥,헢샯췅뛓횮볤뗄룟닣늩?,뷸뛸첽쯷쾵춳뗄뫏ퟷ믺훆ꆣDefection늻듦퓚뻟쳥뗄ꆰ놳엑ꆱ쒿뇪,폫웤돆쯼캪ꆰ놳엑ꆱ뮹늻죧뷐ퟷꆰ늻뫏ퟷꆱ,벴룶쳥탐캪좱랦헫뛔탔ꆣ듋쪱,ꆰ헫럦쿠1ꆡ킭춬뷸뮯퓚NIPD훐뗄펦폃뛔ꆱ닟싔(T]itforTat,TFT[6)뗄짆틢뫍뿭죝(늻쫗쿈놳엑,늻맘폚NIPD컊쳢뗄퇏룱쫽톧쏨쫶뿉틔뇭쪾캪튻룶죽풪ퟩ볇뻉헋)늢늻쓜폐킧뗘뒫뗝웤뫏ퟷ틢풸,랴뛸ퟝ죝쇋늻뫏ퟷ쒣탍[4,5]:훷쳥뗄뛱틢탐캪;춬퇹,TFT닟싔뗄잿펲ퟋ첬(틔놳엑뗄랽쪽M=ꆴI,S,{f(a|k)|iꇊI,aꇊS}ꆵ(1)믘뺴뛔쫖잰튻듎뗄놳엑)튲컞램폐킧뗘돍뷤늻뫏ퟷ훷쳥,랴iii웤훐:I={1,2,ꆭ,N}(Nꇝ2),뇭쪾늩?룶쳥뗄벯뫏;S=뛸짋벰컞림,듲믷쇋뫏ퟷ훷쳥뗄믽벫탔ꆣ{C,D},뇭쪾뿉릩룶쳥톡퓱뗄뚯ퟷ벯뫏:Cooperation,평폚싛볙짨1뗄풭틲,NIPD퇝뮯뗄뷡맻붫볓잿룶쳥뗄ꆡꆡ쫕룥죕웚:2007-08-03;탞믘죕웚:2007-10-24ꆣꆡꆡퟷ헟볲뷩:퇮돇(1977-),쓐,훘쟬죋,늩쪿퇐뺿짺,훷튪퇐뺿랽쿲:뢴퓓쾵춳뗄쯣램ꆢ뺭볃럂헦;ꆡ쯯쫀탂(1940-),쓐,뫾놱킢룐죋,뷌쫚,늩쪿짺떼쪦,훷튪퇐뺿랽쿲:췸룱볆쯣ꆢ늢탐쯣램ꆣ
뗚1웚퇮돇뗈:믹폚쮫닣퇝뮯뗄뛠죋쟴춽늩?퇐뺿ꆡꆡꆡ10ꆡ9샻벺탔ꆣ22IPD쒣탍뗄퇝뮯쪹뗃TFT닟싔돉캪훷쇷ꆣ춨뎣죏System,MAS)뷸뮯쒣탍,룷벶훷쳥퓚룷ퟔ뗄닣듎퇝뮯ꆣ웤훐,캪,TFT닟싔볈쫇ꆰ폑짆뗄ꆱ,폖쫇ꆰ잿펲뗄ꆱꆣ떫늩?돌탲늻ퟮ듳뗄쳘뗣쫇DL2NIPD퓶볓쇋튻룶탂뗄쪵쳥Group(죧춼1뚮뗃룐쟩,쯼횻퓚뫵쿠뛔쫊펦뛈뗄퓶뎤,쯼쫇ꆰ쿠뛔샻벺ꆱ뗄쯹쪾),쯼쫇평뛠룶Agenꆰt뫏ꆱ퓚튻웰탎돉뗄뷩훷쳥(Meta2(폫횮쿠뛔뗄쫇ꆰ뻸뛔샻벺ꆱ,벴뫁늻샻죋,쏅샻벺):퓚놣횤Agent),튻룶닣듎퓚Agent횮짏뗄룼룟튻벶뗄훷쳥ꆣ죴룉ퟔ짭늻돔뿷뗄쳵볾쿂,닅ힷ쟳뻸뛔쫊펦뛈뗄퓶뎤ꆪꆪꆪ헢닅쫇Group퓙릹돉쾵춳뗄훐볤뷡릹닣ꆣ헢퇹,뷨훺Group,튻룶뛠TFT닟싔뗄쪵훊ꆣ췆맣떽NIPD쒣탍,ꆰ샠TFTꆱ닟싔뇭쿖캪:쳥컊쳢놻럖뷢캪솽룶룼캪볲떥뗄ꆢ룼틗뒦샭뗄늿럖,럖뇰뛔펦횻폐퓚웕뇩뫏ퟷ뗄쳵볾쿂,믲헟쮵듳뛠쫽죋뚼뫏ퟷ뗄쳵볾쿂,ퟅ쒣탍훐뗄솽룶퇝뮯닣듎:훷쳥닅톡퓱뫏ퟷꆣ쿔좻,헢늻샻폚룟뫏ퟷ싊뗄닺짺ꆣ떱N횵뷏킡뗄쪱뫲,늩?헟붫탐뚯닟싔삩햹떽쪱볤캬,죔좻뿉틔ퟔ랢펿쿖쿠뮥믱샻뗄ꆰ킭틩ꆱ:룷랽뚼톡퓱뫏ퟷꆣ헢훖킭틩쫇튻훖쿠뮥쫔첽탔뗄쒬웵,튻훖죭탔뗄풼쫸,돆캪ꆰ틾쪽뗄킭틩ꆱꆣ쯼횮쯹틔쓜릻놻폐킧뗘ꆢ컈뚨뗘횴탐,쫇틲캪웤킧펦뿉틔십짏랴삡떽늩?헟뗄쫊펦뛈짏ꆪꆪꆪ떱룷랽뚼싄탐킭틩쪱,쫊펦뛈릲춬짏짽;떱쒳튻랽웛욭웤쯻뛔쫖쪱,웤쫊펦뛈믡퓚쯦뫳뗄늩?훐퓢떽돍랣탔뗄쿷죵ꆪꆪꆪ헢폐샻폚닺짺튻훖솼탔톭뮷뗄뻖쏦,맊ꆰ틾쪽뗄킭틩ꆱ쓜릻퓚킡랶캧쓚컈뚨듦춼1ꆡDL2NIPD쮫닣퇝뮯뗄쒣탍뿲볜퓚ꆣ떫쫇,떱N횵뷏듳뗄쪱뫲,헢훖쫔첽탔뗄쒬웵쓑틔뗃떽폐1)Agent닣뗄퇝뮯,퇐뺿Group쓚늿뛠룶Agent횮볤뗄맘킧뗄뒫듯,횴탐뗄킧맻튲늻쓜십짏뗃떽랴삡,듓뛸풭놾짆틢쾵ꆣ쯼샠쯆튻룶뒫춳뗄NIPD쒣탍,횻쫇룶쳥퓚늩?뗄쪱뫲,뗄ꆢ뮥샻뗄탐캪늻뿉쓜뎤웚횴탐,떼훂뻸뛔샻벺쪽탐캪뗄싻늻뷶튪뾼싇웤쯻Agent뗄탐캪,뮹튪뾼싇웤쯹퓚Group뗄ꆰ킭퇓틩ꆱ탎쪽ꆣ틲캪퓚킭틩뺺헹쒣쪽쿂,Agent뗄쫊펦뛈춬쪱쫜쫕,쾵춳뷸죫튻룶뛱탔톭뮷뗄뻖쏦,ퟔ좻뻍늻뿉쓜펿쿖룟뫏ퟷ싊ꆣ틦몯쫽뫍킭틩몯쫽뗄ퟷ폃ꆣ퓚퇝뮯쒣탍훐,쾵춳뗄움에뇪ힼ쫇룶쳥뗄쿠뛔쫊펦뛈2)Group닣뗄퇝뮯,퇐뺿World쓚늿뛠룶Group횮볤뗄맘,뛸럇뻸뛔쫊펦뛈ꆣ떥튻룶쳥쫊펦뛈뗄뻸뛔횵퓙룟,떱웤쯻룶쳥펵쾵,뻟쳥뇭쿖캪ꆰ쿔쪽뗄킭틩ꆱ횮볤뗄늩?ꆣGroup뗄탔쓜틔폐룼룟쫊펦뛈쪱,룃룶쳥죔좻믡퓢떽업벷ꆣ틲듋,퓚튻룶럢뇕웤돉풱뗄욽뻹쫊펦뛈ퟷ캪움볛닎쫽:뗄퇝뮯쾵춳훐(ퟜ죋쫽뗈폚N),싛볙짨1뻶뚨쇋퇝뮯쾵춳N폅쿈쳔청돶뻖뗄폀풶쫇쓇킩욫C뗄룶쳥,쾵춳퓚틅뒫킧펦뗄ꛌG(j)=ꛌ
A(j,i)=1NꇆG(j)ꛌA(j,i)(2)G(j)i=1ퟷ폃쿂ퟮ훕쟷쿲폚헻쳥늻뫏ퟷꆣ뛸퓚튻룶뾪럅뗄퇝뮯쾵춳훐웤훐:ꛌG(j)뇭쪾Group(j)뗄쫊펦뛈,ꛌA(j,i)뇭쪾Group(j)훐(ퟜ죋쫽듳폚N),룶쳥늻뷶튪폫웤쯹퓚NIPD췅뛓뗄돉풱뺺뗄돉풱Agent(i)뗄쫊펦뛈,NG(j)뇭쪾Group(j)뗄듳킡ꆣ헹,뮹튪폫쾵춳훐뗄웤쯻돉풱뺺헹,틲듋,룶쳥폐훷뚯뫏ퟷ뗄Group닣퇝뮯뗄쒿뗄쫇뷸뮯돶룼폐킧뗄ꆰ킭틩ꆱ쒣쪽,벴풸췻ꆣ떫잰쏦뗄럖컶틑뺭뇭쏷,ꆰ틾쪽뗄킭틩ꆱ늻쓜컈뚨뗘듦틔룼뗍뗄붻틗돉놾듙뷸룼듳맦쒣뗄뫏ퟷ,틔샻폚웤돉풱쫊펦퓚폚N횵뷏듳뗄쟩뿶,쯹틔횻쓜쟳훺폚ꆰ쿔쪽뗄킭틩ꆱꆪꆪꆪ룶뛈퓚헻룶쾵춳훐놣돖쇬쿈ꆣ춼1훐뗄Rule(Group)뻍쫇쯹캽쳥믹폚릲춬뗄풸췻뻛뫏캪췅뛓,춨맽릫풼(믲뫏춬ꆢ킭틩ꆢ훆뗄ꆰ킭틩ꆱ,닎뾼ꆰ쮰웳늩?ꆱ훐쮰컱믺맘뗄닟싔탎쪽,컒쏇냑뛈뗈)뗄랽쪽살캬뮤룷ퟔ뗄샻틦,늢평췅뛓놣횤릫풼뗄싄탐Group(j)뗄ꆰ킭틩ꆱ뇭쪾캪죧쿂뗄쯄풪ퟩ:(죧돍뷤캥풼뗄룶쳥),춨맽췅뛓뗄뺺헹헃쿔뫏ퟷ뗄폅쫆ꆣ컒RuleG(j)=ꆴCheckFreq,CheckRate,CheckCost,쏇붫헢훖믹폚ꆰ쿔쪽뗄킭틩ꆱ뗄늩?랽쪽돆캪NIPD뗄ꆰ킭틩FineRateꆵ(3)뺺헹쒣쪽ꆱꆣ웤훐:쯄룶닎쫽틀듎뇭쪾볬닩뗄욵싊ꆢ볬닩뗄뇈샽ꆢ볬닩뗄돉뛔췅뛓뛸퇔,쿔쪽뗄킭틩쫇튻룶릫릲풼쫸,쯼춨맽돍뷤놾뫍뛔늻뫏ퟷ헟뗄돍랣쾵쫽,쯼쏇릲춬릹돉쇋Group(j)뗄킭웛욭탐캪D살놣횤룶쳥뺺헹뗄릫욽탔,듓뛸듙뷸뫏ퟷ,쳡룟췅틩몯쫽ꆣ뛓뗄욽뻹쫊펦뛈;뛔룶쳥뛸퇔,쿔쪽뗄킭틩캪늩?쳡릩쇋튻룶퓚돌탲쪵쿖쪱,RuleG(j)폃뛾뷸훆싫뒮뇭쪾ꆣ볙짨쾵춳훐릫욽뗄뮷뺳,룶쳥늻폃떣탄싛볙짨1떼훂췅뛓쓚쿠뛔쫊펦쯹폐Group뷸탐튻죋듎볬닩탨튪뗄붻틗럑폃쿠뗈,벴뻟폐쿠뛈뗄닮틬,듓뛸볡돖뫏ퟷ탐캪C,헹좡뻸뛔쫊펦뛈퓚헻룶쾵춳춬뗄CheckCost횵,헢퇹퓚뇠싫쪱뻍횻탨튪뾼싇웤쯻3룶닎쓚뗄쇬쿈ꆣ쫽,럖뇰폃튻룶4캻뗄캻뒮뇭쪾ꆣ샽죧,탨튪힢틢뗄쫇,헢샯릫풼ꆢ뫏춬ꆢ킭틩믲헟훆뛈뗄붨솢뚼RuleG(j)=ꆴ0010ꆡ0111ꆡ1000ꆵ탨튪돉놾(쳖볛뮹볛ꆢ웰닝ꆢ횴탐ꆭꆭ),뛸쟒췹췹뮹탨튪뺭샺쯼뇭쪾쎿16싖볬닩2듎,볬닩쪱쎿룶Agent뗄돩닩룅싊뷏뎤쪱볤뗄뗷헻닅쓜듯돉튻훂ꆣ폃뺭볃톧뗄폯퇔살쏨쫶,쯼캪7/16,뛔늻뫏ퟷ룶쳥뗄뒦랣쫇뫏ퟷ돉놾(벴쿠춬쳵볾쿂톡D놻돆캪ꆰ붻틗돉놾ꆱꆣ떫쫇,횻튪붻틗돉놾킡폚싛볙짨1뗄폫톡C뗄쫕틦닮뛮)뗄8놶ꆣ뢺쏦킧펦,룶쳥뮹쫇풸틢뻛뫏캪췅뛓,릲춬닎폫뺺헹ꆣ평폚퓶볓쇋킭틩뒦랣뫍볬닩돉놾,Agent(i)뫍Group(j)퓚킭틩뺺헹쒣쪽쿂뗄쫊펦뛈몯쫽탨튪뗷헻죧쿂,2ꆡ쮫닣퇝뮯믺훆ꛌ믹폚짏쏦뛔A(j,i)=ꇆ(f(a|k)-ꆴFine(a)ꆵiii)(4)NIPDꆰ킭틩뺺헹쒣쪽ꆱ뗄럖컶,컒쏇붨솢쇋tꆰ쮫닣뗄뛠죋훘뢴쟴춽늩?쒣탍ꆱ(DoubleLayerNIPD,DL2ꛌG(j)=1N(ꇆꇆf(a|k)-iiꇆCheckCost)(5)NG(j)tiIPD)ꆣ뷏횮뒫춳뗄NIPD쒣탍,DL2NIPD퓚쾵춳뗄닣듎뷡릹뫍룶쳥뗄닟싔뇠싫짏폐쏷쿔뗄쟸뇰ꆣ퓚뫳쏦뗄탰쫶훐,캪쇋웤훐:t뇭쪾늩?뗄ퟜ듎쫽,ꆴFine(a)ꆵ뇭쪾탐캪a뿉쓜쏦쇙ii쏨쫶랽뇣,폃A뗄뒦랣:gent뇭쪾룶쳥,Group뇭쪾췅뛓ꆣ평폚듦퓚뻛벯쳥뫍쿔쪽뗄킭틩,DL2NIPD늻춬폚웕춨뗄Fine(a)=-f(C|k)i)ꇁFineRateG(i(f(D|k)i(j)6)뇢욽뷸뮯쒣탍,쯼쫇튻룶쮫닣뗄뛠듺샭쾵춳(Multi2agent훁폚NIPD훐룶쳥닟싔뗄뇭쪾랽램,Yao뫍Darwen퓚컄
ꆡ11ꆡ0ꆡꆡ볆쯣믺펦폃뗚28뻭쿗[5]훐쇐뻙쇋솽훖랽낸,쯼쏇뚼믹폚닩뇭믺훆,늢틔뛾뷸훆떽좫쳥뫏ퟷ뗄ힴ첬,뇭룱훐ꛁ횵뗄닮틬뷶뷶뇭쪾N횵풽듳쾵뒮뗄탎쪽뇭쪾ꆣ벴쿈퓚뇭룱훐틀듎쇐뻙룷훖샺쪷늩?쟩뿶쿂춳퇝뮯뗃풽싽,듯떽컈뚨첬뗄쪱볤풽뎤(틲캪쎿룶쫽ퟖ캪쾵뗄탐뚯랽낸(톡퓱C믲헟D,럖뇰폃0ꆢ1뇭쪾),좻뫳붫탐뚯탲춳잰5000웚늩?뗄욽뻹횵)ꆣ쇐쳡좡돶살ퟩ돉뛾뷸훆뒮ꆣ헢솽훖랽낸럖뇰돆캪ꆰAxelrod랽뇭2ꆡ솽훖쒣쪽쿂NIPD쒣탍뗄뫏ퟷ싊ꛁ뛔뇈낸ꆱ뫍ꆰY&D랽낸ꆱ,퓚쏨쫶샺쪷늩?쟩뿶쪱,잰헟쿪쾸쇐뻙쇋잰M싖(볇틤늽뎤)늩?훐쎿룶룶쳥뗄샺쪷톡퓱,뛸뫳헟뷶놣쇴쎿튻싖샺쪷늩?뗄뫏ퟷ죋쫽ꆣ컒쏇죏캪,Y&D랽낸쿠뛔Axelrod랽낸폐뷏듳뗄룄짆,떫죔좻횻쫊뫏킡맦쒣뗄NIPD뇠싫,뛔폚N횵뷏듳뗄쟩뿶,Y&D랽낸춬퇹냼몬첫뛠뗄죟폠탅쾢,쿔뗃킧싊뗍쿂,늻퓙쫊뫏ꆣ샽죧,떱N=1024쪱,쿖쪵훐뗄늩?헟룹놾늻퓚틢짏튻싖뻟쳥폐1000죋뫏ퟷ뮹쫇999죋뫏ퟷ,쯻쏇맘힢뗄룼뿉쓜쫇튻룶룅쫽,죧폐1/2뗄죋뫏ퟷ뮹쫇3/4뗄죋뫏ퟷꆣ틲듋,DL2NIPD닉쪵퇩튻쮵쏷,ퟔ평뺺헹쒣쪽뷶뷶퓚킡N횵쪱폐킧,튪듓룹폃쇋닟싔뗄ꆰ럖벶뇠싫랽낸ꆱ:냑쎿튻싖뗄늩?죋쫽N럖캪L놾짏놣횤죎뫎N횵쪱쾵춳뚼쓜펿쿖뫜룟뗄뫏ퟷ싊ꛁ,뇘탫틀떵삵쿔쪽뗄킭틩ꆣ,룶쳥룹뻝잰M싖뫏ퟷ죋쫽뗄떵캻뷸탐뻶닟ꆣ샽죧:퓚322IPD훐,죧맻냑ퟜ죋쫽럖캪4떵,웤뫏ퟷ죋쫽폫떵캻뗄맘쾵2)쪵퇩뛾뾼닩ퟔ평뺺헹쒣쪽쿂닟싔뫏ퟷ싊ꛂ뗄퇝뮯쟩죧뇭1쯹쪾ꆣ뿶,듓룶쳥뗄쓚늿뷡릹럖컶뫏ퟷ뗄짮닣풭틲ꆣꛂ놻뚨틥캪쯹폐뇭닟싔훐ꆰ0ꆱ뗄욽뻹뇈샽,1ꆡ럖벶뇠싫랽낸쿂322IPD뗄뫏ퟷ죋쫽폫떵캻뗄맘쾵(L=4)ꛂ=1ꇆ(1-Bit[k]Nꇆ)SAgentLM(7)웤훐:Bit[k]뇭쪾뗚k캻닟싔횵,Bit[k]ꇊ(0,1),k={0,1,ꆭ,LM-1}ꆣꛂ랴펦쇋룶쳥닟싔캻뗄욽뻹뫏ퟷ뇈,떫쫇쎿룶닟싔캻뗄3ꆡ럂헦쪵퇩훘튪탔늢늻쿠춬,폐뗄닟싔캻놻욵랱쪹폃,뛸폐뗄벸뫵듓캴쪹3폃ꆣ룶쳥닟싔뷸뮯뗄쒿뗄맘볼쫇놣횤쓇킩훘튪닟싔캻뗄폐킧.1ꆡ쒣탍닎쫽퓚쿂쏦뗄럂헦쪵퇩훐,컒쏇ퟶ쇋튻킩볲뮯:쯹폐Agent쪹탔ꆣ틲듋,폐뇘튪틔쪹폃욵싊캪좨쫽볆쯣닟싔캻뗄볓좨뫏ퟷ싊폃쿠춬뗄쫕틦몯쫽,쾵춳ퟜ죋쫽NS뻹럖퓚G룶Group훐ꛂ^(k),쯼뇭쪾퓚뗚k룶닟싔캻뛔펦뗄늩?쟩뿶쿂,쾵춳훐쯹폐,퓚퇝뮯맽돌훐닟싔톡퓱C뗄볓좨욽뻹쫽ꆣ,Group뗄쫽쒿뫍돉풱놣돖늻뇤ꆣ쒣탍뗄움볛훷튪춨맽쾵춳뗄뫏ퟷ싊ꛁ(NC/N)살럖컶웤뫏ퟷ돌뛈뫍ퟛ뫏탔쓜,ꛂ^Freq[k]|Bit[k]=0(k)=1(8)웤훐NꇆNSAgenFreq[k]tC뇭쪾욽뻹뫏ퟷ죋쫽ꆣ맘폚쫕틦몯쫽:뫏ퟷ헟뗄쫕틦캪2NC-2,놳엑헟뗄쫕틦웤훐:Freq[k]뇭쪾뗚k룶닟싔캻뗄쪹폃욵싊ꆣ캪쎻폐뇘튪닢쫔쯹폐캻훃뗄ꛂ^(k)횵,컒쏇뷶뛔튻킩뻟폐쳘2NC+1,웤훐NC뇭쪾NIPD뗄뫏ퟷ죋쫽ꆣ맘폚쒣탍퇝뮯:쎿튻웚퓋탐훐,쾵춳럖뇰듓쎿룶G쫢틢틥뗄닟싔캻뷸탐솪뫏럖컶ꆣ볙짨M=3,L=4,roup훐쯦믺짺돉ꛂ^333(111)뇭쪾솬탸3싖듳뛠쫽죋뚼톡퓱C뗄쟩뿶쿂,닟싔1000룶N죋ퟩ,쎿룶N죋ퟩ룷뷸탐100싖IPD늩?ꆣ쾵춳쎿퓋탐튻웚,Agent뷸뮯튻듎(퓚쎿룶룷ퟔ뗄G톡퓱C뗄볓좨욽뻹쫽;ꛂ^333(000)뇭쪾솬탸3싖듳뛠쫽죋뚼roup쓚럖뇰퓋탐틅뒫쯣램);쎿퓋탐50웚,Group뷸뮯튻듎(킭틩톡퓱D뗄쟩뿶쿂,닟싔톡퓱C뗄볓좨욽뻹쫽ꆣ뻟폐쿠뛔컈뚨탔춼2쫇ퟔ평뺺헹쒣쪽쿂,뾪럅쾵춳뗄닟싔뷡릹럖컶춼,)ꆣ웤쯻닎쫽짨훃:M=3,L=4ꆣퟔ평뺺헹쒣쪽춼3퓲쫇럢뇕쾵춳훐뗄쟩뿶ꆣ춼2ꆫ춼4훐:a캪쾵춳뫏ퟷ싊G=1;킭틩뺺헹쒣쪽ꛁ,b캪닟싔욽뻹뫏ퟷ싊ꛂ,c캪닟싔볓좨뫏ퟷ싊ꛂ^333(111),G=10,NG=10N,CheckCost=N/2ꆣ쯹폐쫽뻝쫇10듎뛀솢쪵퇩뗄뻹횵d캪닟싔볓좨뫏ퟷ싊ꛂ^333(000)ꆣ,쎿듎퓋탐T=5000웚ꆣ쇭췢,캪쇋맛닢킭틩듓컞떽폐,ퟔ랢펿쿖뗄맽돌,컒쏇붫죧춼2쯹쪾,ꛂ횵튻횱퓚짏쿂엇뮲,쮵쏷룶쳥닟싔훐쯹폐뗄0/1쫽쒿듳훂쿠뗈,쎻폐쪲쎴뇤뮯ꆣ뛸ꛂ^333(111)쿟폫Group뗄CheckFreq횵돵쪼뮯캪ꆰ0000ꆱ,벴쾵춳뾪쪼뗄쪱뫲,쯹폐Group뚼늻뷸탐볬닩,Agent쎻폐킭틩뗄풼쫸,쾵춳평ꛂ^333(000)쿟잡쯆튻룶뛔돆뗄Kퟖ뿚,럖뇰퓚짏쿂솽뛋퇝ퟔ평뺺헹쒣쪽ퟔ뚯퇝뮯떽킭틩뺺헹쒣쪽ꆣ뮯,쮵쏷쾵춳훐뗄룶쳥웕뇩쫴폚쿠뛔샻벺탍:튻룶룟캻뗄ꛂ^333(111)횵뇭쏷Agent풸틢쿠뮥킭ퟷ,ힷ쟳룼룟뗄쫊펦뛈;ꆡ럂헦뷡맻벰럖컶컒쏇튻릲짨볆쇋3ퟩ쪵퇩,럖뇰뛔DL2NIPD뗄ퟛ뫏탔튻룶뗍캻뗄ꛂ^333(000)횵뇭쏷Agent늻풸틢돔뿷,뇰죋늻뫏쓜ꆢ닟싔뷡릹뗄쓚늿퇝뮯뫍붻틗돉놾뛔Group퇝뮯뗄펰쿬뷸ퟷ쪱컒튲늻뫏ퟷꆣ퓚헢훖닟싔뗄웕뇩횸떼쿂,쾵춳뗄ꛁ횵폫탐쇋럖컶ꆣꛂ^333(111)횵벸뫵훘뫏,뚼컈뚨퓚튻룶뷏룟뗄캻훃ꆣ뛸퓚춼31)쪵퇩튻닢쫔DL2NIPD쒣탍뗄ퟛ뫏탔쓜ꆣ뇭2쿔쪾쇋훐,쯤좻ꛂ횵뷶뷶싔뗍폚,떫쫇쯼뗄ꛂ^333(111)쿟폫늻춬N횵쪱ꛂ^333(,ퟔ평뺺헹쒣쪽뫍킭틩뺺헹쒣쪽뗄뫏ퟷ돌뛈ꆣ000)쿟뚼튻횱퓚뗗쿟엇뮲,쮵쏷쾵춳훐뗄룶쳥웕뇩쫴뇭2쿔쪾,킭틩뺺헹쒣쪽뗄ꛁ횵쏷쿔룟폚ퟔ평뺺헹쒣쪽ꆣ폚뻸뛔샻벺탍:컞싛죧뫎뚼늻풸틢뫏ퟷꆣ헢훖닟싔훷떼쾵춳뗄N횵뷏킡(Nꇜ8)쪱,뛾헟뗄닮틬뮹늻릻쏷쿔;쯦ퟅN횵볌탸뷡맻쫇쾵춳ꛁ횵퓚뗍캻뻧쇒늨뚯ꆣ퓶듳,틾쪽뗄킭틩뇤뗃풽살풽늻컈뚨(퓚퇝뮯춼쿱훐뇭쿖캪ꛁ쪵퇩뛾펡횤쇋잰쏦뛔뻸뛔샻벺뫍쿠뛔샻벺솽훖Agent뗄횵뻧쇒늨뚯),ퟔ평뺺헹쒣쪽훐뗄ꛁ횵듳럹쿂붵,컞램퓙탎돉럖컶,튲횤쪵쇋뛔NIPD훐ꆰ샠TFTꆱ닟싔뗄췆뛏ꆪꆪꆪ퓚늻돔컈뚨뗄뫏ퟷ,뛸킭틩뺺헹쒣쪽훐뗄ꛁ횵쪼훕캬돖퓚튻룶뫜룟뿷뗄쳵볾쿂듙뷸뫏ퟷꆣ뗄쮮욽ꆣ탨튪힢틢뗄쫇,퓚킭틩뺺헹쒣쪽훐,쯹폐쪵퇩뚼퇝뮯3)쪵퇩죽럖컶붻틗돉놾뛔훐볤닣킭틩펿쿖뫍킭틩탎쪽
뗚1웚퇮돇뗈:믹폚쮫닣퇝뮯뗄뛠죋쟴춽늩?퇐뺿ꆡꆡꆡ11ꆡ1뗄펰쿬ꆣ뇭3쿔쪾쇋늻춬CheckCost횵쿂DL2NIPD뗄쾵춳뫏ퟷ싊ꛁ뫍쎿튻싖뗄욽뻹볬닩죋쫽ꛋ(CheckFreqꇁCheckR4ꆡ뷡폯ate)ꆣ듓뇭3뿉틔뾴돶,떱늻듦퓚붻틗돉놾믲헟돉놾뷏뗍쪱,쾵놾컄헫뛔NIPD뗄뫏ퟷ펿쿖컊쳢뷸탐쇋퇐뺿ꆣ퓚럖컶쇋춳좡뗃뷏룟뗄ꛁ횵,늢뛔펦ퟅ튻룶쫊훐뗄ꛋ횵;떱붻틗돉놾뫜NIPD뗄쫕틦몯쫽ꆢ싛볙짨뫍뗤탍닟싔횮뫳,뷡뫏킭춬뷸뮯룟쪱,ꛋ횵벱뻧쿂붵,쮵쏷쾵춳뫜쓑퓙펿쿖폐킧뗄킭틩,듋쪱뗄횪쪶,쳡돶쇋Agent뫍Group럖닣퇝뮯뗄쮼쿫,늢붨솢쇋쮫쾵춳ꛁ횵틑뺭뫜뷓뷼ퟔ평뺺헹쒣쪽ꆣ닣퇝뮯뗄럂헦쒣탍DL2NIPDꆣ쪵퇩뷡맻뇭쏷,퓚ퟔ평뺺헹쒣뇭3ꆡ늻춬CheckCost쿂뗄쾵춳탔쓜뛔뇈쪽쿂뗄NIPD쒣탍횻쓜퓚킡N횵쪱캬돖뫏ퟷ,튪듓룹놾짏놣횤죎뫎N횵쿂쾵춳뚼쓜펿쿖뫜룟뗄뫏ퟷ싊ꛁ,뇘탫붨솢웰쮫닣뗄퇝뮯쒣쪽,춨맽쿔쪽뗄킭틩뫍췅뛓뗄뺺헹,살듙뷸캢맛훷쳥뗄뫏ퟷꆣ퓚놾컄뗄DL2NIPD쒣탍훐,컒쏇쫂쿈짨뚨쇋Group뗄듳킡뫍쫽쒿,쎿룶Agent뛔펦만뚨뗄Group,늢쟒쯹폐Group킭틩뻟폐쿠춬뗄쒣쪽ꆣ헢킩뚼쫇뛔쮫닣쒣탍뗄볲뮯,떫좴폫쪵춼볊쟩뿶늻럻,틲듋컒쏇ힼ놸퓚뫳웚뗄삩햹쒣탍훐,럅뿭헢킩볙4쿔쪾쇋늻춬CheckCost횵쿂뗄쾵춳퇝뮯쟩뿶,쯼뷸튻늽펡횤쇋짏쏦뗄럖컶ꆣ떱짨:CheckCost=0쪱,평폚쎻폐돉놾뗄맋볉,ꛋ횵튻슷짏퇯1)퓶볓Agent뗄ꆰ뻛뫏ꆱ믹틲,벴Agent쫇볓죫Group뮹;떱CheckCost=1000쪱,평폚붻틗돉놾뎬맽쇋싛볙짨1뗄뢺쏦ퟷ폃,ꛋ횵횻폐튻킩쇣탇뗄펿쿖쫇췑샫Group췪좫평웤ꆰ뻛뫏ꆱ믹틲뻶뚨ꆣ쾵춳돵웚횻듦퓚뛀;떱솢탎쪽뗄Agent,쯹폐Group평쾵춳ퟔ랢퇝뮯닺짺ꆣ뛔폚떥뛀CheckCost=10쪱,ꛋ횵쿈짏짽,틔듙뷸뫏ퟷ펿쿖,떱ꛁ횵믹놾컈뚨퓚ퟮ듳횵(ꛁꇖ1)쪱,ꛋ횵뾪쪼훰붥쿂붵,늢ퟮ훕캬돖퓚듦퓚뗄Agent,뿉틔냑쯼뾴ퟷ튻룶돉풱쫽솿NG=1뗄쳘쫢췅튻룶쫊뛈뗄쮮욽ꆪꆪꆪ벴틔ퟮ짙뗄돉놾놣헏킭틩뗄폐킧횴탐ꆣ뛓ꆣ평Group쫊펦뛈뗄뚨틥쪽(2)뿉횪,ꛌA(j,i)폫ꛌG(j)뻟폐뿉뇈탔,헢튲헽쫇Agent쫇럱풸틢뻛벯캪췅뛓,쾵춳쓜럱탎돉닣듎뗄맘볼ꆣ춬쪱,퓚Group훐퓶짨ꆰ맜샭돉놾ꆱ,쯼쫇튻룶폫Group듳킡NG헽쿠맘뗄몯쫽,듓뛸쿞훆NG뗄맽뛈퓶뎤ꆣ2)퓶볓Group뗄ꆰ뷢싫ꆱ좾즫쳥,벴튻쳵쏅뛔Group뗄ꆰ킭틩ꆱ좾즫쳥뷸탐랭틫뗄맦퓲ꆣ헢퇹뻍뇜쏢쇋킭틩쒣쪽뗄떥튻뮯,뿉틔냑룼뛠뗄뿉쓜틲쯘틽죫킭틩,평쾵춳ퟔ벺살즸톡뫍ퟩ뫏,ퟔ뚯퇝뮯돶폐킧뗄킭틩탎쪽ꆣ춼2ꆡ뾪럅쾵춳뗄닟싔뷡릹럖컶춼(N=16,G=1,Ns=160)춼4ꆡ늻춬CheckCost쿂뗄쾵춳퇝뮯춼(N=16,G=10)닎뾼컄쿗:[1]ꆡSEOYG,CHOSB,[J].KnowledgeandInformationSystems,2000,2(4):461-478.[2]ꆡ[J].PublicChoice,1993,77(3):629-656.[3]ꆡSEOYG,CHOSB,[C]//Pro2ceedingofCongressonEvolutionaryComputation(CECpi99).Piscat2away:IEEEPress,1999(2):877-884.[4]ꆡ[J].E2conomicTheory,1997,10(3):531-540.[5]ꆡYAOX,[J].Informatica,1994,18(4):435-450.춼3ꆡ럢뇕쾵춳뗄닟싔뷡릹럖컶춼(N=16,G=1,Ns=16)[6]ꆡ쪵퇩죽쮵쏷,붻틗돉놾뗄듳킡뛔폚룶쳥뗄뻛벯뫍킭틩뗄dilemma[C]//탎돉쪮럖훘튪,튻룶뷏뗍뗄붻틗돉놾샻폚뫏ퟷ뻖쏦뗄펿쿖ꆣMateo:MorganKaufmann,1987:32-41.
