CDMA概述
第四课: CDMA反向信道
4a: 反向业务信道
4a: 反向业务信道 课程目标
了解CDMA反向业务信道.
理解反向业务信道是如何生成的.
理解反向码分信道的概念及其与前向码分信道的区别.
了解数据突发随机化的概念.
论述反向信道的解调.
CDMA反向业务信道
用于在呼叫期间发送:
用户的话音业务
用户对来自基站的命令和查询的响应
用户对基站请求
支持可变速率操作
8Kbps声码器
速率集1 - 9600, 4800, 2400和1200bps
13Kbps声码器
速率集2 - 14400, 7200, 3600, 1800bps
反向业务信道
反向业务信道的生成 采用8kb语音编码
9600 bps
4800 bps
2400 bps
1200 bps
ksps
R=1/3,K=9
Mcps
User Address Mask
Long
PN Code
Generator
ksps
Orthogonal
Modulation
Data Burst
Randomizer
kcps
Mcps
Q PN
(no offset)
I PN
(no offset)
D
1/2 PN
Chip
Delay
Direct
Sequence
Spreading
Convolutional
Encoder &
Repetition
Block
Interleaver
1/3速率卷积编码器
+
+
+
g0
g1
g2
Information bits
(INPUT)
Code Symbols
(OUTPUT)
Code Symbols
(OUTPUT)
Code Symbols
(OUTPUT)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
反向业务信道块交织
ksps
From Coding
& Symbol
Repetition
20ms符号块被按序重新排列
抵抗快衰落的影响
4800bps和4800bps以下速率的重复符号被隔离开来
改善了符号数据对衰落的抵抗性能
分散了突发干扰的影响
输入阵列
(正常序列)
32 x 18
输出阵列
(重排序序列)
32 x 18
ksps to
Orthogonal
Modulation
反向业务信道:
64阶正交调制
每输入六个符号,输出64个沃氏比特片
六个符号被转换为一个0-63的十进制数
对应该数的64位沃氏码被输出
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
Symbols
35
44
Walsh Lookup Table
1 0 0 0 1 . . . 1 1 0 1 0
64 Chip Pattern of
Walsh Code # 35
反向业务信道:
数据突发随机化
造成可变速率传输
一些重复的符号被删除
交织器的输出受一个时间滤波器的控制进行选通
传输门控的周期随传输数据率变化
用一个伪随机屏蔽模式屏蔽掉码由符号重复所产生的冗余数据
Mcps
User Address Mask
Long
Code PN
Generator
Data Burst
Randomizer
kcps
From
Orthogonal
Modulation
Frame
Data Rate
To Direct
Sequence
Spreading
数据突发随机化: How & Why
HOW?
所有符号均以全速率传输
在门控电路不选通期间,传输功率至少降低20dB
每一个输入到码重复处理的码符号只传输一次
WHY?
反向链路的功率控制必须更紧密配合
基站收信机可以更快地确定符号强度,因为不需要花费时间去整合重复符号(与前向链路处理不同)
快速判决可以更准确地在前向链路发送功率控制比特(反向闭环功率控制)
随机化传输数据使得基站从移动台接收的功率在时间上是分散开的
因此干扰信号少,易于恢复出原始信号
反向业务信道:
直接序列扩频
随机器的输出用长码进行直序扩频
移动台可以使用两种长码掩码
基于ESN的公共长码掩码
专用长码掩码
Mcps
User Address Mask
Long
Code PN
Generator
Data Burst
Randomizer
kcps
To Quadrature
Spreading
Mcps
反向业务信道:
偏置正交扩频和基带滤波
反向业务信道用零偏置导频PN序列扩频
基带滤波可确保波形包含在要求的频率限值范围内
基带信号进一步转换为800MHz或1900MHz范围内的射频信号
Mcps
I-Channel Pilot PN Sequence
Mcps
PN
I
Q
I
Q
cos(2
p
f
c
t)
sin(2
p
f
c
t)
PN chip
Mcps
From
Data Burst
Randomizer
RF Converters
D
1/2 PN Chip
Time Delay
Baseband
Filter
Baseband
Filter
反向业务信道的生成 采用13kb语音编码
14400 bps
7200 bps
3600 bps
1800 bps
ksps
R=1/2,K=9
Mcps
User Address Mask
Long
PN Code
Generator
ksps
Orthogonal
Modulation
Data Burst
Randomizer
kcps
Mcps
Q PN
(no offset)
I PN
(no offset)
D
1/2 PN
Chip
Delay
Direct
Sequence
Spreading
Convolutional
Encoder &
Repetition
Block
Interleaver
反向信道解调
IS-95A/J-STD-008移动台调制过程的反过程
多径分量有益于CDMA处理
来自多个接收单元的信号可以被矢量合并以改善总的接收信号质量
U/D Command
De-Interleaver
Speech
Output
Combiner
BTS Receiver
BSC
Demodulator
Search
Correlator
Demodulator
Search
Correlator
Demodulator
Search
Correlator
Demodulator
Search
Correlator
Power Control Decision
Viterbi
Decoder
声码器
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CDMA概述
第四课: CDMA反向信道
4a: 反向业务信道
复习
4a: Review Questions
1. What is the size of the block interleaving arrays used in the Reverse
CDMA Channels?
Their size is 32 rows by 18 columns (576 modulation symbols).
2. What is the modulation symbol rate input to the Orthogonal Modulation
step, what is the chip rate out, and how does this rate change happen?
ksps in, kcps out. Every six modulation symbols are interpreted
as a Walsh index (0-63), and they are replaced by the corresponding 64-bit
Walsh code.
CDMA概述
第四课: CDMA反向信道
4b: 接入信道
4b: 接入信道 课程目标
论述接入信道的作用
明确接入信道的主要调制参数
了解接入信道的产生
了解接入信道和寻呼信道的关系
接入信道
移动台用接入信道:
与基站建立初始通信
对寻呼信道消息作出响应
固定数据率:4800bps
每个接入信道仅与一个寻呼信道相关
每个寻呼信道最多可支持32个接入信道(0-31)
4800 bps
接入信道的生成
请求消息被随机化以降低冲突的可能性
两类消息:
响应消息 (响应基站的消息)
请求消息 (移动台自动发送)
ksps
Convolutional
Encoder &
Repetition
R = 1/3
Mcps
Access Channel Long Code Mask
Long PN Code Generator
ksps
Orthogonal
Modulation
kcps
Mcps
Q PN (No Offset)
I PN (No Offset)
D
1/2 PN
Chip
Delay
Block
Interleaver
Access Channel
Information
(88 bits/Frame)
kpbs
Direct
Sequence
Spreading
接入信道试探
Seq 2
Seq 3
Seq MAX_REQ_SEQ
(15 max)
PD
Request message
ready for
transmission
Access Attempt
System
Time
Access Probe
Sequence 1
REQUEST
ATTEMPT
RS
PD
RS
PD
ACCESS
PROBE
SEQUENCE
IP
(Initial
Power)
TA
RT
TA
RT
TA
RT
PI
TA
Access
Probe 1
Access
Probe 2
Access
Probe 3
Access
Probe 4
Access Probe
1 + NUM_STEP
(16 max)
PI
PI
System
Time
CDMA概述
第四课: CDMA反向信道
4b: 接入信道
复习
4b: Review Questions
1. What are Access Channels used for?
Access Channels are used by mobile stations to initiate communication
with the base station or to respond to Paging Channel messages.
2. How many Access Channels are there, and how are they differentiated
from other forward and reverse channels on the same CDMA frequency?
Up to 32 Access Channels for every Paging Channel can be supported on
a CDMA frequency. Each Access Channel is differentiated from all other
forward and reverse channels on that frequency by the mask applied to the
long PN code before the orthogonal modulation step. This mask combines
the Access and Paging Channel numbers with the base station- specific
BASE_ID and PILOT_PN parameters. (Notice that two different mobile stations
might choose to transmit to the same base station using exactly the same
Access Channel at the same time. They would, therefore, use the same mask,
which would result in a collision?.