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2012 年管理类联考综合能力真题及答案解析
一、问题求解:第 1~15 小题,每小题 3分,共 45 分。下列每题给出的 A,B,C,D,E 五个选
项中,只有一项是符合试题要求的。请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
1.某商品定价 200 元,受金融危机影响,连续 2 次降价 20% 后的售价为( )
2.如图,三个边长为 1 的正方形所组成区域(实线区域)的面积( )
A. 2-3 B.
4
23
-3 C. 3-3 D.
2
3
-3 E.
4
3
-3
3
1.在一次捐赠活动中,某人将捐赠的物品打包成件,其中帐篷和食品共 320 件,帐篷比食品多 80 件,
则帐篷的件数是( )
4. 如图,三角形 ABC 是直角三角形, 1S , 2S , 3S 为正方形,已知 a,b,c分别是为 1S , 2S , 3S
的边长,则:( )
A. cba B. 222 cba C. 222 22 cba D. 333 cba E. 333 22 cba
5.如图,一个储物罐的下半部分是底面直径与高均是 m20
的圆柱体,上班部分(顶部)是半球形的,已知底面与顶部
的造价是 400 元/ 2m ,侧面的造价是 300 元/ 2m ,该储物罐
的造价是( )万元
A. B. C.
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D. E.
6. 再一次商品促销活动中,主持人出示了一个 9位数,让顾客猜测商品的价格,商品的价格是 9 位数
中
从左到右面相邻的 3个数字组成的 3 位数,若主持人出示的是 513535319,则一顾客猜中价格的概率是
( )
9
1
.A
6
1
.B
5
1
.C
7
2
.D
2
1
.E
7. 某商店经营 15 种商品,每次在橱窗内陈列 5 种,若每两次陈列的商品不完全相同,则最多可陈列
( )次
8. 甲、乙、丙三个地区公务员参加一次测评,其人数和如下表:三个地区按平均分从高到低的排列顺序
为( )
A.异、丙、甲 B.乙、甲、丙 C.甲、丙、乙 D.丙、甲、乙 E.丙、乙、甲
9. 经统计,某机构的一个安检口每天中午办理安检手续的乘客人数及对应的概率如下表:
安检口 2 天中至少有 1 天中午办理安检手续的乘客人数大于 15 人的概率是( )
10. 某人在保险柜中存放了M 元现金,第一天取出它的
3
2
,以后每天取出的前一天所取的
3
1
,共取了7
天,保险柜中所剩余的现金为( )
73
2
.
M
A
73
.
M
B
63
.
M
C
63
2
.
M
D ME
7
3
2
1. )(
11.在直角坐标系中,若平面区域 D 中虽有的点的坐标 yx, 均满足: 60 x , ,60 y
,9,3 22 yxxy 则面积是( )
41
4
9
. A )
4
49.
(B )
4
39.
(C 2
4
9
.D 1
4
9
.E
2. 某单位春季植树 100 棵,前 2 天安排乙组植树,其余任务由甲、乙两组共用 3 天完成,已知甲组每
天比乙组多植树 4 棵,则甲组每天植树( )棵
13.有两队打羽毛球,每队派出 3 男 2 女参加 5 局单打比赛,第二局和第四局为女生,那么每队派队员
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出场的方式有几种?( )
A. 12 B. 10 C. 8 D. 6 E. 4
14.若 baxxx 23 能被 232 xx 整除,则( )
A. 4,4 ba B. 4,4 ba C. 8,10 ba D. 8,10 ba E. 0,2 ba
15.某公司计划运送 180 台电视机和 110 台洗衣机下乡,现有两种货车,甲种货车每辆最多可载 40 台
电视机和 10 台洗衣机,乙种货车每辆最多可载 20 台电视机和 20 台洗衣机,已知甲、乙两种货车的租金
分别是每辆 400 元和 360 元,则最少的运费是( )元
二、充分性条件判断:第 16~25 小题小题,每小题 3 分,共 30 分。要求判断每题给出的条件(1)
和条件(2)能否充分支持题干所陈述的结论。.五个选项为判断结果,请选择一项符合试题
要
求的判断,在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
解题说明:
A.条件(1)充分,但条件(2)不充分
B.条件(2)充分,但条件(1)不充分
C.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,但条件(1)和(2)联合起来充分
D.条件(1)充分,条件(2)也充分
E.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,条件(1)和(2)联合起来也不充分
16. 012 bxx 有两个不同的根
(1) 2b
(2) 2b
17.两个数列 na , nb 分别为等比数列和等差数列, 111 ba ,则 22 ab
(1) 02 a
(2) 1010 ba
18.方程 baxy 过第二象限
(1) 1-a , 1b
(2) 1a , 1b
19.某产品需经过两道工序才能加工完成,每道工序合格概率相等,则产品合格概率 8
(1)该产品每道工序合格概率均为
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(2)该产品每道工序合格概率均为
20. m , n 都为正整数,m 为偶数
nm 231 为偶数
nm 232 2
21.已知 a , b 是实数,则 ba
(1) 22 ba
(2) ba 2
22.在某次次考试中,3道题答对 2 道题则及格,假设某人答对各题的概率相同,则此人及格的概率为
27
20
(1)答对各题的概率均为
3
2
(2)三道题全部做错的概率为
27
1
23.已知三种水果平均 10 元/千克,则三种水果单价均不超过 18 元/千克
(1)这三种水果中最低单价为 6元/千克
(2)买三种水果各 1千克、1 千克、2千克,共花费 46 元。
24.建一个长方形羊栏,该羊栏面积大于 500 平方米
(1)该羊栏周长为 120 米
(2)该羊栏对角线的长不超过 50 米
25.直线 bxy 是抛物线 axy 2 的切线
(1) bxy 与 axy 2 有且仅有一个交点
(2) abxx 2 , Rx
三、逻辑推理:第 26—55 小题,每题 2分,共 60分,下列 .五个选项中,只有一个
选项是正确的,请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑
26. 1991 年 6 月 15 日,菲律宾吕宋岛上的皮纳图博火山突然大喷发,2000 万吨二氧化硫气体冲入平流
层,形成的霾像毯子一样盖在地球上空,把部分要照射到地球的阳光反射回太空。几年之后,气象学家
发现这层使得当时地球表面的温度累计下降了 ℃.而皮纳图博火山喷发前的一个世纪,因人类活动
而造成的温度效应已经使地球表面温度升高 1℃。某位持“人工气候改造论”的科学家据此认为,可以
用火箭弹等方式将二氧化硫充入大气层,阻挡部分阳光,达到地球表面降温的目的。
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以下哪项如果为真,最能对科学家提议的有效性构成质疑?
A.如果利用火箭弹将二氧化硫充入大气层,会导致航空乘客呼吸不适。
B.如果在大气层上空放置反光物,就可以避免地球表面受到强烈阳光的照射。
C.可以把大气中的碳提取出来存储在地下,减少大气层中的碳含量。
D.不论何种方式,“人工气候改造论”都将破坏地球大气层的结构。
E.火山喷发形成的降温效应只是暂时的,经过一段时间温度将再次回升
27.近期流感肆虐,一般流感患者可以抗病毒药物治疗。虽然并不是所有的流感者均。。接受达菲等抗
病毒药物的治疗,但不少医生仍强烈建议老人,儿童等易出现严重症状的患者用药。
以上陈述为真,则以下哪项一定为假?
I、有些流感患者需接受达菲等抗病药物的治疗。
II、并非有的流感患者不需接受抗病药物的治疗。
III、老人、儿童等易出现严重症状的患者不需要用药。
A.仅 I B.仅 II
C.仅 III D.近 I、II
28.某公司规定,在一个月内,除非每个工作日都出勤,否则任何员工都不可能获得当月绩效工资,又获
得奖励工资。
以下哪项规定的意思最为接近?
A.在一个月内,任何员工如果所有的工作日不缺勤,必然能获得绩效工资,又获得奖励工资。
B.在一个月内,任何员工如果所有的工作日不缺勤,都有可能获得当月绩效工资,又获得奖励工资.
C.在一个月内,任何员工如果有某个工作日缺勤,仍有可能获得当月绩效工资,或者获得奖励工资
D.在一个月内,任何员工如果有某个工作日缺勤,必然或者得不了当月绩效工资,或者得不了奖励工
资。
E.在一个月内,任何员工如果所有工作日缺勤,必然记得不了当月绩效工资,又不得不了奖励工资。
29.只有具有一定文学造诣且具有生物学专业背景的人,才能读懂这篇文章。
如果上述命题为真,以下哪项不可能为真?
A.小张没有读懂这篇文章,但他的文学造诣是大家所公认的
B.计算机专业的小王没有读懂这篇文章
C.从未接触过生物学知识的小李读懂了这篇文章
D.小周具有生物学专业背景,但他没有读懂这篇文章
E.生物学博士小赵读懂了这篇文章
30.经过反复核查,质检员小李向厂长汇报说,726 车间生产的产品都是合格的,所以不合格的产品都
不是 726 车间生产的,以下哪项和小李的推力结构最为相似?
A.所以入场的考生都经过了体温测试,所以没有入场的考生都没有经过提问测试
B.所以出场设备都是检测合格的,所以检测合格的设备都已出场
C.所以已发表文章都是认真校对过的,所以认真校对过的文章都已经发表
D.所以真理都是不怕批评的,所以怕批评的都不是真理
E.所以不及格的学生都没有好好复习,所以没好好复习的学生都不及格
31.王涛和周波是理科 1 班同学,他们是无话不说的好朋友,他们发现班里每一个人或者喜欢物理,或
者喜欢化学,王涛喜欢物理,周波不喜欢化学,更具以上陈述,一下哪项必定为真;
I:周波喜欢物理
II:王涛不喜欢化学
III:理科 1 班不喜欢物理的人喜欢化学
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IV:理科 1 班一半喜欢物理,一半,喜欢化学
A.仅 I B.仅 III C.仅 I、II D.仅 I、III E、II、III 和 VI
32.李明、王兵、马云三位股民对股票 A.和股票 B.分别做了如下预
测:
李明:只有股票 A.不上涨,股票 B.才不上涨。
王兵:股票 A.和股票 B.至少有一个不上涨。
马云:股票 A.上涨当且仅当股票 B.上涨。
若三人的预测都为真,则以下哪项符合他们的预
测?
A.股票 A.上涨,股票 B.才不上涨。
B.股票 A.不上涨,股票 B.上涨。
C.股票 A.和股票 B.均上涨。
D.股票 A.和股票 B.均不上涨。
E.只有股票 A.上涨,股票 B.才不上涨。
33.临东区旅游局长:如果临西区第三,那么江北区第四;
临西区旅游局长:只有临西区不是第一,江南区才第二;江
南区旅游局长:江南区不是第二;江北区旅游局长:江北区
第四。
最终的统计表明,只有一位局长的预测符合事实,则临东区当年吸引游客人次的排名是
A.第一 B.第二
C.第三 D.第四 E.在江北区之前
34.小张是某公司营销部员工,公司经理对他说:如果你争取到这个项目,我就奖励你一台笔记本电脑
或者给你项目提成“以下哪项如果为真,说么该经历没有兑现承诺?
A.小张没争取到这个项目,该经理没有给他项目提成,但送了他一台哦笔记本电脑
B.小张没争取到这个项目,该经理没奖励他笔记本电脑,也没有给他项目提成
C.小张没争取到这个项目,该经理给他项目提成,但是并未奖励他笔记本电脑
D.小张没争取到这个项目,该经理奖励他一台笔记本电脑并给他三天假期
E.小张没争取到这个项目,该经理未给他项目提成,但是奖励他一台台式电脑
35.(文化新报)记者小白周四去某市采访陈教授于王研究员,次日,其同事小李问小白,昨天你采访到
那两位学者了吗?小白说:不,没那么顺利。小李又问:那么,你一个都没采访到?小白说:也不是。
一下哪项最能是小白周四采访所发生的情况:
A.小白采访到了两位学者
B.小白采访了李教授,但没有采访王研究员
C.小拜根本没有去采访两位学者
D.两位采访对象都没有接受采访
E.小白采访到了其中一位,但没有采访到另一位
36、只有通过身份认证的人才允许上公司内网,如果没有良好的业绩就不可能通过身份认证,张辉有良
好的业绩而王纬没有良好的业绩。
如果上述断定为真,则以下哪项一定为真?
A.允许张辉上公司内网。
B.不允许王纬上公司内网。
C.张辉通过身份认证。
D.有良好的业绩,就允许上公司内网。
E.没有通过身份认证,就说明没有良好的业绩。
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37.比较文字学者张教授认为,在不同的民族语言中,字形与字义的关系有不同的表现,他提出,汉字
是象形文字,其中大部分是形声字,这些字的字形和字义相互关联;而英语是拼音文字,其字形与字义
往往关联度不大,需要某种抽象的理解。
以下哪项如果为真,最不符合张教授的观点?
A.汉语中的“日”、“月”是象形字,从字形可以看出其所指的对象;而英语中的 sun 与 moon 则感
觉不到这种形义结合。
B.汉语中“日”与“木”结合,可以组成“柬”、“杲”、“杏”等不同的字,并可以猜测其语义,
而
英语中则不存在与此类类似的 sun 与 wooD.的结合。
C.英语中,也有与汉语类似的象形文字,如,.是人的眼睛的象形,两个 E.代表眼睛,y 代表中间
的鼻子;.是床的象形,B.和 D.代表床的两端。
D.英语中的 sunlight 与汉语中的“阳光”相对应,而英语的 sun 与 light 和汉语中的“阳”与
“光”相对应。
E.汉语的“星期三”与英语中的 和德语中的 意思相同。
38.乘客使用手机及便携式电脑等电子设备会通过电磁波谱频繁传输信号,机场的电话和导航网络等也
会使用电磁波谱,但电信委员会已根据不同用途把电磁波分成了几大块。因此,用手机打电话不会对专
供飞机通讯系统或全球定位系统的波段造成干扰。尽管如此,各大航空公司仍然规定,禁止机上乘客使
用手机等设备。
以下哪项如果为真,能解释上述现象?
I.乘客在空中使用手机等电子设备可能对地面导航网络造成干扰。
Ⅱ.乘客在起飞和降落时使用手机等电子设备,可能影响机组人员工作。
III.便携式电脑或者游戏设备可能导致自动驾驶仪出现短路或仪器显示发生故障,
A. 仅 I C 仅 I、II D.仅 II、III
E. I、II 和 III
年上海世博会盛况空前,200 多个国家场馆和企业主题馆让人目不暇接。大学生王刚决定在学
校放暑假的第二天前往世博会参观。前一天晚上,他特别上网查看了各位网友对相关热门场馆选择的建
议,其中最吸引王刚的有三条:
(1)如果参观沙特馆,就不参观石油馆。
(2)石油馆和中国国家馆择一参观。
(3)中国国家馆和石油馆不都参观。
40.实际上,第二天王刚的世博会形成非常紧凑,他没有接受上述三条建议中的任何一
条。关于王刚所参观的热门场馆,以下哪像描述正确?
A.参观沙特馆、石油馆,没有参观中国国家馆。
B.沙特馆、石油馆、中国国家馆都参观了。
C.沙特馆、石油馆、中国国家馆都没有参观。
D.没有参观沙特馆,参加石油馆和中国国家馆。
E.没有参观石油馆,参加沙特馆、中国国家馆。
41.“有了自信一定能赢。”董事长回应说:“但是没有自信一定会输”。一下哪项与董事长的意义最
为接近?
不输即赢,不赢即输。
A.不输即赢,不赢即输
B.如果自信,则一定会赢
C.只有自信,才可能不输
D.除非自信,否则不可能输
E.只有赢了,才可能更自信
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42.在家电产品“三下乡”活动中,某销售公司的产品受到了农村农民的广泛欢迎。该公司总经理在介
绍经验时表示:只有用了最流行畅销的明星产品面对农村居民,才能获得他们的青睐。
以下哪项如果为真,最能质疑总经理的论述?
A.某产品电视由于其较强的防潮能力,尽管不是明星产品,仍然获得了农村居民的青睐。
B.流行畅销的明星产品由于价格偏高,没有赢得农村居民的青睐。
C.流行畅销的明星产品只有质量过硬,才能获得农村居民的青睐。
D.有少数娱乐明星为某些流行畅销的产品作虚假广告。
E.流行畅销的明星产品最适合城市中的白领使用。
43.居民苏女士看到某摊位的鹧鸪蛋色泽新鲜价格便宜,于是买了一箱,回家后发现有些蛋打不破,甚
至掉到地上也摔不坏,再细阅已经打破的蛋,散发出刺激的消毒液味道,她投诉到菜市场管理部门,结
果一位工作人员声称鹧鸪蛋目前还没有国家质量标准,无法判断他有质量问题,所以坚持这箱鹧鸪蛋没
有质量问题。
以下哪项与该工作人员做出结论的方式最为相似?
A.不能证明宇宙是没有边际的,所以宇宙是有边际的。
B.“旅游论坛”还没有论坛规范,所以管理员还没有权限删除帖子
C.小偷在逃跑中跳入 2 米深的洞中,事主认为没有危险,因此不予施救
D.并非外星人不存在,所以外星人存在
E.慈善晚会上的假唱行为不属于商业管理范围,因此相关部门无法对其惩罚
44.概念 A.与概念 B.有交叉关系,当且仅当,1、存在对象 X,X 既属于 A.又属于 B.,2、存在对象 Y,Y
属于 A.但不属于 B.,3、存在对象 Z,Z 属于 B.但不属于 A.。
根据上述定义,以下哪项加点的之间有交叉关系?
A.国画按题材分为人物画、花鸟画、山水画;按技法分为工笔画、写意画等等
B.《盗梦空间》除了是最佳影片的有力争夺者外,他在技术类奖项中也将有所收获。
C.阳光小学 30 岁的食堂总经理为了改善伙食,在食堂放了几个意见本,征求学生们的意见。
D.在微波炉清洁剂中加入漂白剂,就会释放氯气。
E.高校教师包括教授、副教授、讲师和助教等。
45.小李把小区的草坪毁了中上黄瓜,管理员提醒他:小区草坪属于公共绿地,属于小区的所有人。要
求小李恢复,小李辩称:“我难道不是小区人么?既然属于小区所有人,当然也属于我,我有权在自己
的地上种瓜。
以下哪项论证,和小李的错误最相似?
A.所有人都对他的这次错误负责,小梁没有对他的这次行为负责,所以小梁这次行为没错
B.所有参展的兰花都被一抢而空,李阳花大价钱买了一盘花,由此他买的必定是兰花
C.没有人可以一天读完大仲马的所有作品,没有人可以一天读完《三个火枪手》,所以《三个火枪
手》是大仲马的作品之一。
D.所有摩尔比骑士组成的军队在当时是欧洲不可战胜的,旻雅王是摩尔比骑士之一,所以旻雅王在当
时欧洲是不可战胜的。
E.任何人不可以掌握当今世界的所有知识,地心说不是当今世界的知识,因此有人可以掌握地心说。
46.我国著名地质家李四光在东北考察发现松辽平原地址结构与中亚西亚十分相似,,他判断,既然中
亚有大量石油,松辽平原很可能也蕴含大量石油。后来,大庆油田的开发证明了他的判断是对的。
以下哪项与李四光的推理方式相似?
A.他山之石,可以攻玉
B.邻居买彩票中了大奖,小张受此启发,也去买了体育彩票,结果没有中奖。
C.某乡镇领导在考察了荷兰等国的花卉市场后认为要大力发展规模经济,回来后组织全乡镇种大葱,
结
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果导致大葱严重滞销。
D.每到炎热的夏季,许多商店腾出一大块地方卖羊毛衫、长袖衬衣、冬靴等冬令商品,进行反季节销
售,结果都很有市场。小王受此启发,决定在冬季种植西瓜。
E.乌兹别克地区盛产长绒棉。新疆塔里木河流域和乌兹别克地区在日照情况、霜期长短、气温高低、
降雨量等方面均相似,科研人员受此启发,将长绒棉移植到塔里木河流域,果然获得了成功。
47.如果他勇于承担责任,那他就一定就会直面媒体,而不是选择逃避;如果他没有责任,那么他就
一定会聘请律师,捍卫自己的尊严。可是事实上,他不仅没有聘请律师,现在逃避的连人影都没有。
根据以上陈述,得出哪项结论?
A.即使他没有责任,也不该选择逃避
B.虽然选择了逃避,但是他可能没有责任
C.如果他有责任,就该勇于承担责任
D.如果他不敢承担责任,说明他责任很大
E.他不仅有责任,而且没有勇气承担责任
48.有些通信网络维护涉及个人信息安全,因而不是所有通信网络的维护都可以外包。以下哪项可以让
上述论证成立?
A.所有涉及个人信息安全的都不可以外包
B.有些涉及个人信息安全的不可以外包
C.有些涉及个人信息安全的可以外包
D.所有涉及国家信息安全的都不可以外包
E.有些通信网络维护涉及国家信息安全
49.葡萄酒中含有白藜芦醇和类黄铜等对心脏有益的抗氧化剂。一项新研究表明,白藜芦醇能防止骨质疏
松和丝柔萎缩。由此,有关研究人员推断,那些长时间在国际空间站或者宇宙飞船上的宇航员或许可以
补充一下白藜芦醇。
一下哪项如果为真,最能支持上述研究人员的推断?
A.研究人员发现由于残疾或者其他因素而很少活动的人会比经常活动的人更容易出现骨质疏松和肌肉
萎缩等症状。如果能喝点葡萄酒,则可以获益。
B.研究人员模拟失重状态,对老鼠进行试验,一个对照组未接受任何特殊处理。另一组则每天服务白
藜芦醇。结果对照组的老鼠骨头和肌肉的密度都降低了。而服用白藜芦醇的遗嘱则没有出现这些症状。
C.研究人员发现由于残疾或者其他因素而很少活动的人,如果每天服用一定量的白藜芦醇,则可以改
善骨质疏松和肌肉萎缩等症状。
D.研究人员发现,葡萄酒能对抗失重所造成的负面影响。
E.某医学博士认为,白藜芦醇或许不能代替锻炼,但它能减缓人体某些机能的退化。
50.以下哪项最无助于解释上述现象?
A.艺术品的不可再造性决定了其他交换价格有可能超过其自身价值。
B.不少买家喜好收藏,太高了艺术品的交易价格。
C.有些买家就是为了炒作艺术品,以期获得高额利润。
D.虽然大量赝品充斥市场,但是对艺术品的交易价格没有什么影响。
E.国外资金进入艺术品拍卖市场,对价格攀升起到了拉动作用。
51.近期国际金融危机对毕业生的就业影响非常大,某高校就业中心的陈老师希望广大同学能够调整自己
的心态和预期。他再一次就业指导会上提到,有些同学对自己的职业定位还不够准确。
如果陈老师的陈述为真,则以下哪项不一定为真?
Ⅰ不是所有的人对自己的职业定位都准确。
Ⅱ不是所有人对自己的职业定位都不够准确。
Ⅲ有些人对自己的职业定位准确。
Ⅳ所有人对自己的职业定位都不够准确。
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A.仅Ⅱ和Ⅳ
B.仅Ⅲ和Ⅳ
C.仅Ⅱ和Ⅲ
D.仅Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ
E.仅Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ
52.一位房地产信息员通过对某地的调查发现,护城河两岸房屋的租金都比较廉价;廉租房都坐落在凤凰
山北麓;东向的房屋都是别墅;非廉租房不可能具有廉价的租金;有些单室套的两限房建在凤凰山南麓;别
墅也都建筑在凤凰山南麓.
根据该房地产信息员的调查,以下哪项不可能存在?
A.东向的护城河两岸的房屋
B.凤凰山北麓的两限房
C.单室套的廉租房
D.护城河两岸的单室房
E.南向的廉租房
53.探望病人通常会送一束鲜花,但某国曾有报道说,医院药瓶养花的水可能含有很多细菌,鲜花会在夜间
与病人争夺氧气,还可能影响病房用电设备的工作,这引起了人们对鲜花的恐慌,该国一些医院甚至禁止
在病房内摆放鲜花,尽管后来证实鲜花并未导致更多的病人受感染,并且权威部门塑性澄清,未见任何感
染病例与病房里的植物有关,但这并未减轻医院对鲜花的反感.
以下除哪项外,都能减轻医院对鲜花绵担心?A.鲜花并不比病人身边
的餐具,饮 料和食物带有更多可能危害人的细菌
B.在病房里放置鲜花让病人感到心情愉悦,精神舒畅,有助于病人康复
C.给鲜花换水,修剪需要一定的人工,如果药瓶倒了还会导致危险发生.
D.已有研究证明,鲜花对病房空气的影响微乎其微,可以忽略不计.
E.探望病人所送的鲜花大都花束小、需水量少、花粉少,不会影响电子设备工作.
53~55 题基于以下题干:
东宇大学公开招聘 3 个教师职位,哲学学院、管理学院和经济学院各一个。每一个职位都有分别来
自南山大学、西京大学、北清大学的候选人。有位“聪明”人士李先生对招聘结果作出了如下预测:
如果哲学学院录用北清大学的候选人,那么管理学院录用西京大学的候选人;如果管理学院录用南
山大学的候选人,那么哲学学院也录用南山大学的候选人;如果经济学院录用北清大学或者西京大学
的候选人,那么管理学院录用北清大学的候选人。
53.如果哲学学院、管理学院和经济学院最终录用的候选人的大学归属信息依次如下,则哪项符合李先
生的预测?
A.南山大学、南山大学、西京大学
B.北清大学、南山大学、南山大学
C.北清大学、北清大学、南山大学
D.西京大学、北清大学、南山大学
E.西京大学、西京大学、西京大学
54.若哲学学院最终录用西京大学的候选人,则以下哪项表明李先生的预测错误?
A.管理学院录用北清大学候选人
B.管理学院录用南山大学候选人
C.经济学院录用南山大学候选人
D.经济学院录用北清大学候选人
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E.经济学院录用西京大学候选人
55.如果三个学院最终录用的候选人分别来自不同的大学,则以下哪项符合李先生的预测?
A.哲学学院录用西京大学候选人,经济学院录用北清大学候选人
B.哲学学院录用南山大学候选人,管理学院录用北清大学候选人
C.哲学学院录用北清大学候选人,经济学院录用西京大学候选人
D.哲学学院录用西京大学候选人,管理学院录用南山大学候选人
E.哲学学院录用南山大学候选人,管理学院录用西京大学候选人
四、写作,第 56~57 小题,共 65 分。其中论证有效性分析 30 分,论说文 15 分。请写在
答题卡制定位置上。
56.论证有效性分析,分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏洞,选择若干要点,写一篇 600 字左右的文章。对
该论证的有效性进行分析和评论。(论证有效性分析的一般要点是:概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用
是否准确并前后一致,有无各种明显的逻辑错误,论证的论据是否成立并支持结论,结论成立的条件是
否充分等等。)
地球的气候变化已经成为当代世界关注的热点,这一问题看似复杂,其实简单,只要我们运用
科学原理——如爱因斯坦的相对论——去对待,也许就会找到解决这一问题的方法。
众所周知,爱因斯坦提出的相对论颠覆了人类关于宇宙和自然地常识性观念,不管是狭义相对
论还是广义相对论,都揭示了宇宙间食物运动中普遍尊在的相对性。
既然宇宙间万物的运动都是相对的,那么我们观察问题时也应该采用相对的方法,如变换视角等
等。假如我们变换视角去看一些问题,也学会得出和一般常识完全不同的观点,例如,我们称之
为灾害的那些自然现象,包括海啸、台风、暴雨等等,其实也是大自然本身的一般现象而已,从
大自然的视角来看,无所谓灾害不灾害,只是当它损害了人类利益,危及了人类生存的时候,从
人类的视角来看,我们才称之为灾害。就爱如再变换一下视角,从一个更广泛的范围来看,我们
人类自己也是大自然的一部分,既然我们
的祖先是类人猿,而类人猿正像大熊猫、华南虎、藏羚羊、扬子鳄乃至银杏、水杉等等一样,
是整个自然生态中的有机组成部分,那为什么我们自己就不是了呢?
由此可见,人类的问题就是大自然的问题,即使人类在某一时期部分的改变了气候,也还是整
个大自然系统中的一个自然问题,自然问题自然会解决,人类不必过多干预。
57.论说文:根据下述材料,写一篇 700 字左右的论说文,题目自拟。
中国现代著名哲学家魏十力先生在《十力语要》(卷一)中说:“吾国学人,总好运逐风气,一时
之所尚,则群起而趋其途,如海上逐臭之夫,莫名所以,曾无一刹那,风气或变,而逐臭者复如故,此
等逐臭之习,有两大病,一,个人无牢固与永久不改职业,遇事无从深入,徒养成浮动性,二,大家共
趋于世所矜尚之一途,到其余千途万途,一切废弃,无人过问,此二大病,都是中国学人死症。”
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参考答案及解析
数学部分:
一、问题求解:
1、答案:C. 解:200 =128
2、答案:E.
解:如图所示: ABC 是边长为 1的等边三角形,
2
DBC ,
,
63
ABDABC 即 ADB是底角为 30°的等腰三角形,同理可知 BFC 和
ACE是同样的三角形,
6
3
1
2
1
3
2
3
1
2
1
23323 ABDABC SSSS实线 4
3
3
3
1.【答案】:B
【解析】:设帐篷的件数是 x,则食品有 x +( x - 80 )=320 x =200
3.答案:A
解:如图可知, DME : cb
b
c-a
b-
c NF
ME
EN
DM
ENF
5、答案:C
解:此题考查柱体和圆的组合体,造价 侧面半球底 SSS 300400
22 104
2
1
10400
6.答案:B
解:考察古典摡型,样本空间:在 513535319 中得相邻三位数共有 7个,其中出现了两
个 353,所以相异的三位数共有 6个,即 =6;事件 A = 1,
所以:
6
1
P
7.答案:B
解:要求每两次陈列的商品不完全相同,所以是组合,C
5
15
种。
8.答案:E
解:考察平均值,定量分析:
甲:
40
300
10101010
109108107106
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乙:
60
455
20101515
209108157156
丙:
50
455
15151010
159158710610
所以:平均分从高到低顺序是丙、乙、甲。
9、答案:E
解:贝努利概念,办理案件手续的乘客人数大于 15 人的概率
直接:
2
APAPAPP C
间接: 2 APPP
10.答案:B.
解:考察等比数列的求和公式。
6
3
2
3
1
...
3
2
3
1
3
2
MMMM
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
2 7
M
M
73
M
11、答案:C
解:求解阴影部分的面积:
S 大正方形 三角形圆 SS 2
4
1
333
4
1
66 2
4
39
2.【答案】:D.
【解析】:设甲组每天植树 x棵,乙组植树 4 棵,可知: 15100453 xxx
13、答案:A
解:考虑特殊位置:分布原理
第一步:先安排第二、四局:2个女生P
2
2
种;
第二部:3个男生 3个位置有P
3
3
种情况;
所以共有 12
3
3
2
2
PP
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11、答案:D
解:考察余式定理,
令 102123 12 xxxxx 22 x
由 b23 能被 232 整除
8
10
022202
012101
23
23
b
a
bf
bf
12、答案:B
解:考察线性不定方程求解最值问题。
设甲种货车 X辆,乙种货车 y辆,则要求 yx, 的值使得运费 yxz 360400 最小,而限制条
件为:
Nyx
yx
yx
,,
1102010
1802040
根据线性不定方程的求解最值原则,先考虑目标函数中变量的权重,显然
中,yxz 360400 变量 x的权重要比 y的大,因此,需要先求变量 x的范围,也即先用变量
x来表示变量 y .
其次,将两个限制条件中的某个不等式变为等式,比如第一个,变为 1802040 yx ,
用 x表示 y,也即 ,29 xy 代入目标函数 z有 xxxz 320936029360400 ,也即目
标函数 z为变量 x的递减的一次函数,也即表明要使用运费 z最小,就要求 x的最大值。
再次,求变量 x的范围:将 y x29 代入另一个限制条件 1102010 yx 得到
3
7x 。而 yx, 均为自然数,因此, x最大取 x =2.代入 xy 29 可求得 5y
因此,最小的运费为 260053602400 z (元)
二、充分性条件判断:
16、答案:D.
解:考查二次方程根的个数问题, 2042 bb 或 2b ,条件(1)(2)都可以退
出结论,所以答案为 D。
17、答案:C.
解:显然条件(1)和条件(2)不充分(举反例)。
联立:
dqba
qa
91
00
9
1010
2
代数法: 题干即需证: dqqd 11
d
qLqq
qdqLqqqdqdq
82
8299
1
9
19119191
0q ,
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讨论 q的取值范围:
当 11
9
1
82 qLqq
q ,10 dq 充分;
当 011
1
9
01
82
dqqLqqq ,充分;
当 011
1
9
1
82
dqqLqqq ,充分,即 C.
几何法:
由数列的通项公式可知: 01 qqa nn (指数函数), dnbn 11 (一次函数)
由 1010 ba 可知,两函数的图像有交点,
如图:当 ,1q 如图: 22 ab
18、答案:A.
解:将条件(1)代入得到 ,1 xy 直线过定点(1,0) (0,1)画出直线,过第二象限。
将条件(2)代入得到 1 xy ,直线过定点(1,0) (0,-1)画出直线,不过第二象限。
19.答案:B.
解:考察概率的运算(乘法)。没到工序的概率相同,均为 ,要使产品合格,没到工
序均合格即可,
条件(1): ,条件(1)不成立。
条件(2): ,条件(2)成立。
20、答案:D.
解:考查数的奇偶分析
Q nm 23 是偶数,又Q n2 是偶数,
nnm 223 是偶数,
m3 是偶数,m是偶数。条件(1)充分
Q nm 23 2 是偶数,又Q 22n 是偶数, 222 223 nnm 是偶数, 23m 是偶数, 2m 是偶数,即m是偶数。条件(2)充分
21、答案:E.
解:考查数的比较大小。
(1) babaaba 0b22 ,不充分
条件(2)举反例, 3a , 2b ,即不充分。
条件(1)+(2)举反例, 3a , 2b ,不充分。
22、答案:D.
解:考察贝努里摡型。
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条件(1)
3
2Ap ; 条件(2) ,
3
1
27
133
3
APAPC 3
2AP
连个条件为等阶的,只考虑一个即可;
及格的概率:
2道题答对:
3
1
3
2
2
2
31 CP
3 道题答对:
27
20
3
1
3
2
21
03
3
32
PPPP C
23、答案:D.
解:设三种水果的单价依次为 zyx ,,
条件(1):可知 18624630 max xyxyxzyxzyx ,充分。
条件(2):可知 18,,
16
14
462
30
zyx
z
yx
zyx
zyx
,充分。
24、答案:C
解:考查不等式求解最值。
条件(1):由均值定理可
知: 22 9003030
2
601202 m
ba
abSbaba
长方形 ,不充分。
条件(2): ,
2
2500
2
50 2
22
222 m
ba
abSba 长方形 不充分。
联立:
,55050250
60
50
1202 2222
222222
ababbaba
ba
ba
ba
ba
充分。
25.答案:A.
解:
条件(1):直线与抛物线有且仅有一个交点,即两图像的位置关系为相切,充分。
4
1
041
,0,
2
22
ab
ab
Rx
Rxabxxabxx
条件(2):由题干可知:相切
,
4
1
0410 22
2
abababxx
axy
bxy
不充分
逻辑部分:
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26.答案:D.
题干为措施-目的型论证。关键词:“提议”。措施为火箭弹等方式将二氧化硫充入大气层,阻挡部分
阳光。目的是达到地球表面降温的目的。削弱的方式为措施不可行、达不到目的及措施无意义(产生严
重的否定性后果)。迷惑选项通常为措施某一点不合理、有一定的副作用或其他措施在某方面更好。D.
项
说明措施产生严重的否定性后果,措施无意义。削弱了题干论证。而 A.项只是说明措施的一般性副作用。
其他项和该措施无关。
27.答案:B.
根据题干中“并不是所有流感患者均需接受达菲等抗病毒药物的治疗”可以推出(1)“有的流感患
者不需接受达菲等抗病毒药物的治疗”,(1)与 I 是下反对关系,因此 I 不能确定真假。II 为(1)
的矛盾命题,所以 II 为假。
“不少医生仍强烈建议老人、儿童等易出现严重症状的患者用药”并不能推出这些人是否真的需要用
药。所以 III 不能确定真假。
28.答案:D.
按上课所教“除非 P 否则 Q”转化为“如果非 P,则 Q”的方式将题干中命题转变为:“如果有某个工
作日不出勤,则任何员工都不可能既获得当月绩效工资,又获得奖励工资。”
而“不可能既获得当月绩效工资,又获得奖励工资”等价于“必然没获得当月绩效工资或没获得奖励
工资”。(不可能 P且 Q=必然非 P或非 Q)所以选 D.。
29.答案:C.
本题考点为必要条件的负命题。“只有 P 才 Q”为真,则其负命题“非 P且 Q”不可能真。题干为真,
则“没有一定文学造诣或没有生物学专业背景,但能读懂这篇文章”不可能真。所以 C.不可能为真。
30.答案:D.
题干推理结构为:“所有 S 是 P,所以,所有不是 P的都不是 S”。D.项与题干相同。
31.答案:D.
本题考核不相容选言 P 或 Q 的推理(否定一支推出肯定另一支)。所以周波不喜欢化学推出周波喜欢
物理。同理,理科(1)班不喜欢物理的推出喜欢化学。因此 I 和 III 正确。其它无法推出。所以选
D.。
32.答案:D.
根据马云为真,推出股票 A.是股票 B.上涨的充要条件,即二者同时上涨或同时不上涨。再根据王兵为
真,可知两者同时不上涨。
33.答案:D.
本题为真假话推理。题干中没有矛盾及下反对命题,采用假设法。题干条件调整为:(1)临西第三
则江北第四(2)临西第一则江南不是第二(3)江南不是第二(4)江北第四假设(1)为假,推出临西
第三且江北第四假设(2)为假,推出临西第一且江南第二
所以当(1)(2)同时为假时推出临西第一且第三,明显不可能。所以(1)(2)至少一个为真,即二者
一真一假,可知(5)临西第一或第三。
再由题干只有一真,可知(3)(4)为假。所以江南第二、江北不是第四,所以(6)江北是第一或
第三。所以由(5)(6)可知临西和江北分别是第一和第三。而江南第二,那么临东就是第四。
34.答案:E.
本题考核充分条件假言负命题。即“如果 P 则 Q”的负命题为“P 且非 Q”。所以 E.为真,即“P且非
Q”为真时,说明“如果 P 则 Q”不成立。
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35.答案:E.
题干中小白对“两位都采访到”和“两位都没采访到”都进行了否定,说明“有一位采访到,而另一
位
没采访到”。
1、【答案】:B.
【解析】本题考核假言命题推理规则,即充分条件推理规则为肯前推出肯后,否后推出否前;必要条
件推理规则为肯后推出肯前,否前推出否后。
题干条件可转化:没有良好的业绩不可能通过身份认证不允许上公司内网 再根据王纬没有良好的
业绩,退出不允许王纬上公司内网。所以 B正确。
37.答案:C.
C.项直接说明英语中也有象形文字,直接否定张教授的观点。
38.答案:E.
I、II 和 III 三项均说明了禁止机上乘客使用手机等电子设备的原因,所以均能解释。
39.答案:B.
根据(1)假可知参观了沙特馆且参观了石油馆。再根据(3)为假推出中国国家馆和石油馆都参观
了。因此王刚参观了沙特馆、石油馆以及中国国家馆。所以 B.正确。
40.答案:C.
董事长意思为:如果没有自信则一定会输。
C.项只有自信,才可能不输。根据必要条件命题推理规则,否定前件推出否定后件。所以,如果不自
信,则不可能不输;而不可能不输等价于一定会输,所以根据 C.项与董事长意思最为接近。
1.【答案】:A.
【解析】必要条件“只有 P才 Q”的负命题为“非 P且 Q”。所以,“非 P且 Q”成立,
说明“只有 P才 Q”不成立。A.项正好采用此方式否定了总经理所说的必要条件命题。
42.答案:A.
题干根据“无法判定它有质量问题推出没有质量问题”是一种诉诸无知的推理(P 并被不知道或没被
证明为真,所以 P 是假的)。例如,我们上课中常讲的“我们不知道鬼存在,所以鬼不存在。”“没有
外星人与人类交往的记录,所以外星人没有访问地球。”A.项也是诉诸无知的推理。
43.答案:A.
本题考察概念之间的交叉关系,较为简单。
44.答案:D.
小李的推理为:护栏边的绿地既然属于小区的所有人,我是小区的人,所以护栏边的绿地也属于
我。此推理中的“所有人”在句中是一个集合概念,并非指“每一个人”,这是典型的四概念错误。D.
形式及错
误与题干相似。
45.答案:E.
题干推理为类比推理。根据 A.和 B.在某些方面相同或相似推出在其他方面也相同或相似。E.明显与题
干最为相似。
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1.【答案】:E.
【解析】题干条件转化为:(1)勇于承担责任,那么不选择逃避;(2)没有责任,那么
一定会聘请律师(3);没有聘请律师,且选择了逃避。根据充分条件推理规则(否后推
出否前),推出他不勇于承担责任且有责任。所以 E.项正确。
47.答案:A.
题干为有些通讯网络维护涉及个人信息安全,推出有的通信网络的维护不可以外包。这是一个省略的
三段论。按课堂上讲的排除法结合三段论推理规则可迅速解题。
首先根据两特无结排除 .然后根据中项“涉及个人信息安全”至少周延一次,排除 E.。所以选
A.。
48.答案:C.
本题的论据是:白藜芦醇能防止骨质疏松和肌肉萎缩。结论是:那些长时间在国际空间站或宇宙飞船
上
的宇航员或许可以补充一下白藜芦醇。这是一个因推果的论证。C.项指出了因和果之间的联系,直接支
持了该因果关系。本题也可以理解为措施-目的论证。措施为补充一下白藜芦醇,目的是使那些长时
间在国际空间站或宇
宙飞船上的宇航员防止骨质疏松和肌肉萎缩。C.项说明措施可达目的。
熊老师解析:个人认为答案为 B.,因为题干防止骨质疏松和肌肉萎缩而不是治疗,C.答案说的是治
疗,所以认为是有争议,而 B.答案说的是可以起到防治的作用。
49.答案:D.
题干需要解释的现象为:一般商品只有在多次流通过程中才能不断增值,而艺术品却与其不同,在一
次
“流通”中就可能实现大幅度增值。D.项明显不能解释。其它各项均从艺术品为什么价格高,大幅增值
的
角度进行了解释。
50.答案:E.
本题为直言的判断真假题型。题干中已知条件为:有些同学对自己的职业定位还不够准确。根据我总
结的必记考点,已知特称为真,则其矛盾命题为假,其他命题不能确定真假。即“所有人对自己的职业
定位都准确”为假,其他不确定。因此 I 为真,其它均不确定。
51.【答案:A.
采用画图法解决。按照三段论画图法画出图形后,很容易看出 A.不正确。(图形无法上传)
52.答案:C.
.说明鲜花带来的危害很小,B.项说明鲜花有益,这些都减轻了医院对鲜花的担心。C.项明显
不能
减轻医院对鲜花的担心,反而有可能增加担心。
53.答案:D.
根据题干充分条件,采用排除法解题。根据(1),可排除 .根据(3),排除 A.和 E.所以答案选
D.。54.答案:B.
管理学院录用南山大学候选人,再加上题干条件:哲学学院最终录用西京大学的候选人,说明(2)为
假(P且非 Q 为真,说明如果 P 则 Q 为假)。
55.答案:B.
假设法。假设哲学院录用北清候选人,根据(1)推出管理学院录用西京的候选人;再根据(3),否
后推出否前,推出经济学院录用南山候选人。所以排除 C.。假设哲学学院录用西京候选人,根据 54 题
结果,可排除 A.和 D.。
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假设哲学学院录用南山候选人,则经济学院录用北清或西京候选人,根据(3)推出管理学院录用北清
候选人。B.项符合。
一、 论证有效性分析
主题:运用爱因斯坦相对论去对待气候问题,可以找到其方法,指出自然的问题自然会解决,人类不
必过多干预。
主要缺陷:
1、爱因斯坦相对论未必是颠覆了人类关于宇宙和自然常识性观念,或许也是一种补充,缺少依据。
2、万物间的运动未必都是相对的,即使是相对的,未必采用相对的方法就一定可行。
3、由自然灾害等来概括,来佐证相对论有以偏概全之嫌。
4、人也是大自然中的一部份,也不足以证明不必干预自然,让其自然解决。
5、人类的问题都是大自然问题过于绝对,或者轻率概括。未必都是大自然问题。
6、解决了一些自然问题,是否可以不断推广。
7、是否可以利用自然规律,对某些自然问题加以疏导,加以改进,使其更利于人类。
8、文中缺少数据表明人类干预自然有没有成功的案例,或者有多少失败的案例,看不出其干预带来的结
果。
评价:该论证相对于近 6 年的论证有效性分析,信息较为模糊,许多考生会感到无从下行。这就需要平时
接受一些训练。
参考范文:
揭穿诡辩
是可忍孰不可忍?!现在就让我们来揭穿上文的误导和诡辩。
首先,就算相对论真的揭示了事物运动的相对性,但我们又如何能从“运动的相对性”推出“看问题
视角的相对性”呢?更何况各事物运动的相对性,也推不出运动本身就没有绝对性。唯物辩证法告诉
我们,运动是绝对的,任何事物都处在绝对的运动之中。所以,看问题时就不能简单套用“相对主
义”。
其次,“大自然无所谓灾害”推不出自然界里就没有“自然灾害”。自然不是抽象的存在,而是由各
种具体的生物构成的。当某种不正常的自然现象导致某种或多种生物濒临灭绝的绝境时,这对这些生
物来说无疑就是自然灾害。如果这些自然灾害直接间接地危及我们人类,难道我们还应该坐以待毙、
不加任何干预吗?再次,我们的祖先是类人猿并不意味着我们现在还是类人猿。现在我们掌握了类人
猿所没有的各种威力巨大的科学技术,我们对环境和气候的破坏力已经越来越大。因此,我们就不能
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对自己影响气候的的行为放任自流。另外,“人类在某一时期部分地改变了气候”,这恰恰说明了气
候并不完
全是一个听天由命的自然问题,我们人类对此是可以有所作为的。因此,我们也就不能简单地把气候问
题归之于自然问题而束之高阁。
最后,“自然问题自然会解决”,也有偷换概念的嫌疑。人的衰老和死亡是自然问题,但是几百万年过
去了,这个自然问题就自然解决了吗?相信刚刚去世的乔布斯如果在天有灵,他一定会来揭穿这样的诡
辩的。
二、论说文分析:本题属于中等难度的题型,乍一看,无从下手,仔细一看,从喜好运逐风气,从两大
病方面可以
得到启示。即国人喜好一窝蜂,好的东西也是一哄而上,而坏的东西易群起攻之。从这里面可以找到突
破
口。以下是参考立意方向。在展开分析时,从以上两方面,这种现象两方面展开分析原因,表明立场,
提
出建议,从这上面去拟结构容易展开。
审题立意:
有感于盲目从众盲目从众之我见
中国现象之我见盲目从众不可取说说跟风
借鉴还是保守再谈学习
学习应有立场跟风也应有立场别丢失自己的主见
参考结构:
1、引,议,联,结
2、类,因,法,果
3、《盲从现象不可取》
列举现象,表明立场
分析原因,分析这种现象之本质
提出措施,提出建议
4、《有感于跟风》
应有主见;提高素养;提高鉴别能力;取其精华,弃其糟粕
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2012 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试
英语(二)
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the
ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Millions of Americans and foreigners see G. I. Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of American military
adventurism, but that's not how it used to be. To the men and women who 1 in World War II and the people
they liberated, the G. I. was the 2 man grown into hero, the poor farm kid torn away from his home, the guy
who 3 all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the 4 of food and
shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone
well paid, 5 an average guy, up 6 the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies seen
in centuries.
His name is not much. G. I. is just a military abbreviation 7 Government Issue, and it was on all of the
articles 8 to soldiers. And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe
Magrac … a working class name. The United States has 10 had a president or vice-president or secretary of
state Joe.
G. I. Joe had a 11 career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character, or
a 12 of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of G. I. Joe, based on the last days of war
correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous
for covering the 14 side of the war, writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers, not how many miles
were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated. His reports 16 the "Willie" cartoons of famed
Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 18 of
civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter,
sleep. 19 Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G. I. Joe was any American soldier, 20 the
most important person in their lives.
1. [A] performed [B] served [C] rebelled [D] betrayed
2. [A] actual [B] common [C] special [D] normal
3. [A] bore [B] eased [C] removed [D] loaded
4. [A] necessities [B] facilities [C]commodities [D] properties
5. [A] and [B] nor [C] but [D] hence
6. [A] for [B] into [C] from [D] against
7. [A] meaning [B] implying [C] symbolizing [D] claiming
8. [A] handed out [B] turned over [C] brought back [D] passed down
9. [A] pushed [B] got [C] made [D] managed
10. [A] ever [B] never [C] either [D] neither
11. [A] disguised [B] disturbed [C] disputed [D] distinguished
12. [A] company [B] collection [C] community [D] colony
13. [A] employed [B] appointed [C] interviewed [D] questioned
14. [A] ethical [B] military [C] political [D] human
15. [A] ruined [B] commuted [C] patrolled [D] gained
16. [A] paralleled [B] counteracted [C] duplicated [D] contradicted
17. [A] neglected [B] avoided [C] emphasized [D] admired
18. [A] stages [B] illusions [C] fragments [D] advances
19. [A] With [B] To [C] Among [D] Beyond
20. [A] on the contrary [B] by this means [C] from the outset [D] at that point
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SectionⅡ Reading comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your
answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has
been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their
thinking on this educational ritual. Unfortunately, L. A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates
that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student's
academic grade.
This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in
completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be
assigned that students cannot complete on their own or that they cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the
district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives,
it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.
District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as
much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily
skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state
tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their
homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works
best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.
At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds
homework to be unimportant to its students' academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the
assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework matters, it should account for a
significant portion of the grade. Meanwhile, this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students receive
is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject, or that teachers are not assigning more than they are
willing to review and correct.
The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational
policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L. A. Unified to do homework right.
is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework _____.
[A] is receiving more criticism
[B] is gaining more preferences
[C] is not required for advanced courses
[D] is no longer an educational ritual
22. L. A. Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students _____.
[A] tend to have moderate expectations for their education
[B] have asked for a different educational standard
[C] may have problems finishing their homework
[D] have voiced their complaints about homework
23. According to Paragraph 3, one problem with the policy is that it may ____.
[A] result in students' indifference to their report cards
[B] undermine the authority of state tests
[C] restrict teachers' power in education
[D] discourage students from doing homework
24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether ______.
[A] it should be eliminated
[B] it counts much in schooling
[C] it places extra burdens on teachers
[D] it is important for grades
25. A suitable title for this text could be ______.
[A] A Faulty Approach to Homework
[B] A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students
[C] Thorny Questions about Homework
[D] Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy
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Text 2
Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the color, yet it is pervasive in our young
girls' lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may
celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls' identity to appearance. Then it presents that
connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking
around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls' lives and interests.
Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti,
an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not color-coded at all until the early 20th
century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only
way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What's more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as
gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colors were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine
color, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary,
constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex
differences became a dominant children's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to
seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.
I had not realized how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids,
including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was
something experts developed after years of research into children's behavior: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel
Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in
the 1930s.
Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a "third
stepping stone" between infant wear and older kids' clothes. It was only after "toddler" became a common shoppers'
term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories
has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender
differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.
26. By saying "it is...the rainbow"( ), the author means pink ______.
[A] cannot explain girls' lack of imagination
[B] should not be associated with girls' innocence
[C] should not be the sole representation of
girlhood [D]cannot influence girls' lives and
interests
27. According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of
colors? [A] Colors are encoded in girls' DNA.
[B] Blue used to be regarded as the color for girls.
[C] White is preferred by babies.
[D] Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolising genders.
28. The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by
_____.
[A] the observation of children's nature
[B] the marketing of products for
children [C] researches into children's
behavior [D] studies of childhood
consumption
29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to _____.
[A] classify consumers into smaller groups
[B] attach equal importance to different genders
[C] focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes
[D] create some common shoppers' terms
30. It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.
[A] fully understood by clothing manufacturers
[B] clearly explained by their inborn tendency
[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen
[D] well interpreted by psychological experts
Text 3
In 2010, a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated
DNA for decades—by 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes
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were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO), a trade
group, assured members that this was just a "preliminary step" in a longer battle.
On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision,
ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk of breast
cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.
But as companies continue their attempts at personalized medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The
Myriad case itself is probably not over. Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product
of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies
restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to agree. Last year a federal task-force
urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad
case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule "is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibers that have been
separated from cotton seeds."
Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the
sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the
Supreme Court.
As the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. Companies are unlikely to
file many more patents for human DNA molecules—most are already patented or in the public domain. Firms are
now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or
predict a drug's efficacy. Companies are eager to win patents for "connecting the dots", explains Hans Sauer, a
lawyer for the BIO.
Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the
Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach
lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.
31. It can be learned from paragraph 1 that the biotech companies would like _____.
[A] genes to be patentable
[B] the BIO to issue a warning
[C] their executives to be
active
[D]. judges to rule out gene patenting
32. Those who are against gene patents believe that _____.
[A] genetic tests are not reliable
[B] only man-made products are patentable
[C] patents on genes depend much on innovation
[D] courts should restrict access to genetic tests
33. According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents for _____.
[A] discovering gene interactions
[B] establishing disease
correlations [C] drawing pictures of
genes
[D] identifying human DNA
34. By saying "each meeting was packed" (), the author means that _____.
[A] the supreme court was authoritative
[B] the BIO was a powerful organization
[C] gene patenting was a great concern
[D] lawyers were keen to attend conventions
35. Generally speaking, the author's attitude toward gene patenting is _____.
[A] critical
[B]
supportive [C]
scornful [D]
objective
Text 4
The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, it will
likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape
our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years.
No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that
unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways : they had become less materialistic and
more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession
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will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and
bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.
But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic
Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U. S., lengthy periods
of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have
usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as
does conflict between races and classes.
Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. Indeed, this period of
economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them —especially for young
people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist at Columbia University, suggests that not all people
graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly
quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath
them that are left behind.
In the Internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American
society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society's character.
In many respects, the . was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a
variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see
exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly will reshape it, and all the more so
the longer they extend.
36. By saying "to find silver linings"(Para. 2), the author suggest that the jobless try to ____.
[A] seek subsidies from the government
[B] make profits from the troubled economy
[C] explore reasons for the unemployment [D]
look on the bright side of the recession
37. According to Paragraph 2, the recession has made people _____.
[A] struggle against each other
[B] realize the national dream
[C] challenge their prudence
[D] reconsider their lifestyle
38. Benjamin Friedman believes that economic recessions may _____.
[A] impose a heavier burden on immigrants
[B] bring out more evils of human nature
[C] promote the advance of rights and freedoms
[D] ease conflicts between races and classes
39. The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in the recession graduates from elite universities tend to
_____. [A] lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities
[B] catch up quickly with experienced employees
[C] see their life chances as dimmed as the
others' [D] recover more quickly than the others
40. The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is _____.
[A] trivial
[B] positive
[C] certain
[D] destructive
Part B
Directions:
You are going to read an article, then decide to match the sentences from A, B, C, D, E, F, G. with the first
five parts of a sentence. There are two extra choices left. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
"Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the
Great Men who have worked here," wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.
Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favorite historical form. This could be no more than a
passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with
learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.
From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great
men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus—On Famous Men, highlighting the
virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top.
This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, he championed
cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.
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Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors
of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the
Victorian author Samuel Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists and
explorers. "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, of patient purpose, resolute
working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formation of truly noble and manly character, exhibit," wrote
Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself." His biographies of James Walt, Richard
Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.
This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of
Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate,
but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.
Not everyone was convinced by such bombast. "The history of all hitherto existing is the history of class
struggles," wrote Marx and Engels in The Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing; it possessed no
immense wealth nor waged battles: "It is man, real, living man who does all that." And history should be the story
of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social
contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood,for "Men make their own history, but they do not make it
just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly
found, given and transmitted from the past."
This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain
nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of
great men. Whole new realms of understanding—from gender to race to cultural studies—were opened up as
scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as
fascinating as upstairs.
[A] emphasized the virtue of classical heroes.
41. Petrarch [B] highlighted the public glory of the leading artists.
42. Niccolo Machiavelli [C] focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate.
43. Samuel Smiles [D] opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history.
44. Thomas Carlyle
[E] held that history should be the story of the masses and their record of
struggle.
45. Marx and Engels [F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders.
[G] depicted the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists and explorers.
SectionⅢ Translation
46. Directions:
Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15
points)
When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their
best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. These are the
kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that
privilege college graduates .
Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to
emigrate. A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-
school education, compared with around % of all Indians over the age of 25. This "brain drain" has long
bothered policymakers in poor countries. They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed
skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new
products for their factories to make.
SectionⅣ Writing
47. Directions:
Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store
the other day. Write an email to the customer service center to
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(1) make a complaint , and
(2)demand a prompt solution
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei
"instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the following table. In your writing, you
should (1)describe the table, and
(2)give your comments
You should write at least 150 words.
Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
某公司员工工作满意度调查
满意 不清楚 不满意
≤ 40 岁 % % %
41-50 岁 % % %
> 50 岁 % % %
参考答案
一、完形填空
1-5 BBAAC 6-10 DCACB 11-15 DBCAD 16-20 ACCBD
二、阅读理解
Part A
21-25 ACDDA 26-30 CBBAA 31-35 ABACD 36-40 DDBDC
Part B
41-45 AFGCE
三、翻译
46. 若发展中国家的人们为移民问题操心,往往是想去硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学创造自己最辉煌的未来。
英国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国给大学毕业生提供优惠移民政策,就是为了吸引这部分人群。
众多研究表明,发展中国家受过良好教育的人才往往有移民倾向。2004 年,一项对印度家庭的大型
调查发现,近 40%的移民受过中学以上教育,约 %的 25 岁以上的印度人受过中学以上教育。"人才流
失"问题长期困扰发展中国家的决策者。他们担心这种情况会危及其经济发展,夺去他们紧缺的技术人才,
而这些人才本该在他们自己的大学任教,在他们自己的医院工作,为他们自己的工厂研发新产品。
四、写作
47.略 48.略